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Upadhyay</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Kamal Upadhyay"> <meta name="keywords" content="Kamal Upadhyay"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Kamal Upadhyay"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 221</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Kamal Upadhyay</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Design and Optimization of Flow Field for Cavitation Reduction of Valve Sleeves </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Upadhyay">Kamal Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhou%20Hua"> Zhou Hua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Rui"> Yu Rui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to improve the streamline linked with the flow field and cavitation on the valve sleeve. We observed that local pressure fluctuation produces a low-pressure zone, central to the formation of vapor volume fraction within the valve chamber led to air-bubbles (or cavities). Thus, it allows simultaneously to a severe negative impact on the inner surface and lifespan of the valve sleeves. Cavitation reduction is a vitally important issue to pressure control valves. The optimization of the flow field is proposed in this paper to reduce the cavitation of valve sleeves. In this method, the inner wall of the valve sleeve is changed from a cylindrical surface to the conical surface, leading to the decline of the fluid flow velocity and the rise of the outlet pressure. Besides, the streamline is distributed inside the sleeve uniformly. Thus, the bubble generation is lessened. The fluid models are built and analysis of flow field distribution, pressure, vapor volume and velocity was carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and numerical technique. The results indicate that this structure can suppress the cavitation of valve sleeves effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streamline" title="streamline">streamline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation" title=" cavitation"> cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107922/design-and-optimization-of-flow-field-for-cavitation-reduction-of-valve-sleeves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Islamization of Knowledge with Special Reference to Mohd Kamal Hassan's Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Latheef%20O.%20Mavukkandy">Abdul Latheef O. Mavukkandy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islamization of knowledge (IOK) is an intellectual movement emerged in the middle of 1970s to address the threats by modern western civilizational onslaughts. This paper analyzes the discourse of Islamization of knowledge with special reference to the views of Kamal Hassan who prefers an alternative term called 'Islamicization'. First of all the theoretical and practical outlines of IOK movement were presented by Ismail Raji al-Faruqi in his book 'Islamization of Knowledge; General Principles and Work Plan' in 1982. He identified that the educational system in the Muslim world accounted for the decline of Muslim Ummah through de-Islamization and demoralization. So, the need for IOK was an academic challenge to reconstruct the Ummah. Kamal Hassan kept just different view from Ismail Raji al-Faruqi and Muhammed Naquib al-Attas that he coined the terms 'Relevantization and Contextualization'. So, he wanted the 'Islamization of Islamic Revealed Knowledge'. So, he used Islamization of Human Knowledge (IOHK) instead of IOK. As part of this movement, the IOK identified that the textbooks used in Muslim educational institutions systematically keep the students estranged from Islam and its heritage. Furthermore, the modern secular knowledge develops secular attitude devoid of Islamic moral philosophy and the sense of mission in life. Based upon the content analysis of some of the sources, this study found that Islamization of Knowledge is an important movement in Islamic world, but the IOK project is not practicable completely because of the lack of trained teachers and resources. Although, the project resulted in the foundation of some universities and publishing more works, journals and doctoral thesis on different dimensions of Islamization of Knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamization" title="Islamization">Islamization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamicization" title=" Islamicization"> Islamicization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=releventization" title=" releventization"> releventization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20knowledge" title=" human knowledge"> human knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88103/islamization-of-knowledge-with-special-reference-to-mohd-kamal-hassans-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> The Novel of 'the Adventure of the Secrets': Character in Postmodern Labyrinth, the Problem of Time and Subject </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nargiz%20Ismayilova">Nargiz Ismayilova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Kamal Abdulla's "The Adventure of Mysteries", the plot develops on two parallel lines. While reading the work, the future looks hazy on the background of the present and the past. It is impossible to predict the end of the work in particular. This can be considered the success of the author. The novel has reflected the features of postmodernism. The novel is characterized by a richness of intertwined plots, themes, meta- submission, device (fiction) typical of postmodern prose technique. The introduction and progress of the work takes the reader to the place, which is an unrecognizable unknown for him but at the same time, its native for him very well. Parts of the novel, divided into chapter techniques, force the reader to distinguish mystical repetitions from the artistic circulation of reality. This makes people think directly. Intertextual communication and the variety of fiction, intelligence, and informativeness determine the perspective of the exemplary reader. As is well known, 鈥減ostmodern novels, which often use intertextual communication and superstructure techniques, focus on expression rather than on the subject, and benefit from history by combining fiction with historical facts, are able to attract attention with their extraordinary foreign fiction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Abdulla" title="Kamal Abdulla">Kamal Abdulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postmodernism" title=" postmodernism"> postmodernism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallelism" title=" parallelism"> parallelism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labyrinth" title=" labyrinth"> labyrinth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel" title=" novel"> novel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129908/the-novel-of-the-adventure-of-the-secrets-character-in-postmodern-labyrinth-the-problem-of-time-and-subject" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Frequency Reconfigurable Multiband Patch Antenna Using PIN-Diode for ITS Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Upadhyay">Gaurav Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nand%20Kishore"> Nand Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20Ranjan"> Prashant Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20S.%20Tripathi"> V. S. Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivesh%20Tripathi"> Shivesh Tripathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A frequency reconfigurable multiband antenna for intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications is proposed in this paper. A PIN-diode is used for reconfigurability. Centre frequencies are 1.38, 1.98, 2.89, 3.86, and 4.34 GHz in “ON” state of Diode and 1.56, 2.16, 2.88, 3.91 and 4.45 GHz in “OFF” state. Achieved maximum bandwidth is 18%. The maximum gain of the proposed antenna is 2.7 dBi in “ON” state and 3.95 dBi in “OFF” state of the diode. The antenna is simulated, fabricated, and tested in the lab. Measured and simulated results are in good confirmation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITS" title="ITS">ITS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiband%20antenna" title=" multiband antenna"> multiband antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIN-diode" title=" PIN-diode"> PIN-diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable" title=" reconfigurable"> reconfigurable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84977/frequency-reconfigurable-multiband-patch-antenna-using-pin-diode-for-its-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> Effect of Welding Processes on Tensile Behavior of Aluminum Alloy Joints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaitanya%20Sharma">Chaitanya Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Upadhyay"> Vikas Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tripathi"> A. Tripathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Friction stir welding and tungsten inert gas welding techniques were employed to weld armor grade aluminum alloy to investigate the effect of welding processes on tensile behavior of weld joints. Tensile tests, Vicker microhardness tests and optical microscopy were performed on developed weld joints and base metal. Welding process influenced tensile behavior and microstructure of weld joints. Friction stir welded joints showed tensile behavior better than tungsten inert gas weld joints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20welding" title="friction stir welding">friction stir welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20properties" title=" tensile properties"> tensile properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20locations" title=" fracture locations"> fracture locations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40159/effect-of-welding-processes-on-tensile-behavior-of-aluminum-alloy-joints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> Improvement of Data Transfer over Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ahmed%20Kadouh">Khaled Ahmed Kadouh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Ali%20Albashiri"> Kamal Ali Albashiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a designed algorithm involves improvement of transferring data over Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). The aim of this work is to establish whether using SOAP in exchanging XML messages has any added advantages or not. The results showed that XML messages without SOAP take longer time and consume more memory, especially with binary data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JAX-WS" title="JAX-WS">JAX-WS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMTP" title=" SMTP"> SMTP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOAP" title=" SOAP"> SOAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20service" title=" web service"> web service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XML" title=" XML"> XML</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5440/improvement-of-data-transfer-over-simple-object-access-protocol-soap" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> Poly(Lactic Acid) Based Flexible Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathilahbinti%20Ali">Fathilahbinti Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamarosliza%20Jamaluddin"> Jamarosliza Jamaluddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar%20Upadhyay"> Arun Kumar Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer which has good mechanical properties, however, its brittleness limits its usage especially in packaging materials. Therefore, in this work, PLA based polyurethane films were prepared by synthesizing with different types of isocyanates; methylene diisocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanates (HDI). For this purpose, PLA based polyurethane must have good strength and flexibility. Therefore, polycaprolactone which has better flexibility were prepared with PLA. An effective way to endow polylactic acid with toughness is through chain-extension reaction of the polylactic acid pre-polymer with polycaprolactone used as chain extender. Polyurethane prepared from MDI showed brittle behaviour, while, polyurethane prepared from HDI showed flexibility at same concentrations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20polymer" title="biodegradable polymer">biodegradable polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible" title=" flexible"> flexible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28lactic%20acid%29" title=" poly(lactic acid)"> poly(lactic acid)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyurethane" title=" polyurethane"> polyurethane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7819/polylactic-acid-based-flexible-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> PIN-Diode Based Slotted Reconfigurable Multiband Antenna Array for Vehicular Communication </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Upadhyay">Gaurav Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nand%20Kishore"> Nand Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20Ranjan"> Prashant Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivesh%20Tripathi"> Shivesh Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20S.%20Tripathi"> V. S. Tripathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a patch antenna array design is proposed for vehicular communication. The antenna consists of 2-element patch array. The antenna array is operating at multiple frequency bands. The multiband operation is achieved by use of slots at proper locations at the patch. The array is made reconfigurable by use of two PIN-diodes. The antenna is simulated and measured in four states of diodes i.e. ON-ON, ON-OFF, OFF-ON, and OFF-OFF. In ON-ON state of diodes, the resonant frequencies are 4.62-4.96, 6.50-6.75, 6.90-7.01, 7.34-8.22, 8.89-9.09 GHz. In ON-OFF state of diodes, the measured resonant frequencies are 4.63-4.93, 6.50-6.70 and 7.81-7.91 GHz. In OFF-ON states of diodes the resonant frequencies are 1.24-1.46, 3.40-3.75, 5.07-5.25 and 6.90-7.20 GHz and in the OFF-OFF state of diodes 4.49-4.75 and 5.61-5.98 GHz. The maximum bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 16.29%. The peak gain of the antenna is 3.4 dB at 5.9 GHz, which makes it suitable for vehicular communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna" title="antenna">antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array" title=" array"> array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable" title=" reconfigurable"> reconfigurable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular" title=" vehicular"> vehicular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85090/pin-diode-based-slotted-reconfigurable-multiband-antenna-array-for-vehicular-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Visualizing the Consequences of Smoking Using Augmented Reality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Remya%20Mohan">B. Remya Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Bijlani"> Kamal Bijlani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Jayakrishnan"> R. Jayakrishnan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visualization in an educational context provides the learner with visual means of information. Conceptualizing certain circumstances such as consequences of smoking can be done more effectively with the help of the technology, Augmented Reality (AR). It is a new methodology for effective learning. This paper proposes an approach on how AR based on Marker Technology simulates the harmful effects of smoking and its consequences using Unity 3D game engine. The study also illustrates the impact of AR technology on students for better learning. AR technology can be used as a method to improve learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20reality" title="augmented reality">augmented reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marker%20technology" title=" marker technology"> marker technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-platform" title=" multi-platform"> multi-platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20buttons" title=" virtual buttons"> virtual buttons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31536/visualizing-the-consequences-of-smoking-using-augmented-reality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> Modification of Newton Method in Two Points Block Differentiation Formula</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairil%20Iskandar%20Othman">Khairil Iskandar Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadhirah%20Kamal"> Nadhirah Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarina%20Bibi%20Ibrahim"> Zarina Bibi Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Block methods for solving stiff systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are based on backward differential formulas (BDF) with PE(CE)2 and Newton method. In this paper, we introduce Modified Newton as a new strategy to get more efficient result. The derivation of BBDF using modified block Newton method is presented. This new block method with predictor-corrector gives more accurate result when compared to the existing BBDF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20Newton" title="modified Newton">modified Newton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiff" title=" stiff"> stiff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BBDF" title=" BBDF"> BBDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacobian%20matrix" title=" Jacobian matrix"> Jacobian matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54758/modification-of-newton-method-in-two-points-block-differentiation-formula" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> One Step Synthesis of Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Upadhyay">Sanjay Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Om%20Prakash%20Pandey"> Om Prakash Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen has been promoted as an alternative source of energy, which is renewable, cost-effective, and nature-friendly. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can be used for mass production of hydrogen at a very low cost through electrochemical water splitting. An active and efficient electrocatalyst is required to perform this reaction. Till date, platinum (Pt) is a stable and efficient electrocatalyst towards HER. But its high cost and low abundance hiders its large scale uses. Molybdenum carbide having a similar electronic structure to platinum can be a great alternative to costly platinum. In this study, pure phase molybdenum carbide (Mo鈧侰) has been synthesized in a single step. Synthesis temperature and holding time have been optimized to obtain pure phases of Mo鈧侰. The surface, structural and morphological properties of as-synthesized compounds have been studied. The HER activity of as-synthesized compounds has been explored in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitance" title="capacitance">capacitance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fuel" title=" hydrogen fuel"> hydrogen fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molybdenum%20carbide" title=" molybdenum carbide"> molybdenum carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140482/one-step-synthesis-of-molybdenum-carbide-nanoparticles-for-efficient-hydrogen-evolution-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> The Decision to Remit is a Matter of Interpersonal Trust</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Kasmaoui">Kamal Kasmaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Makhlouf"> Farid Makhlouf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article seeks to assess the role of the level of interpersonal trust in a country in the remittance landscape. Using historical data from the 2010-2014 wave of the World Value Survey (WVS) for interpersonal trust, our findings underline the substitution role played by the interpersonal trust with remittances. More accurately, remittances tend to drop when the rate of interpersonal trust in the country of origin is high. Overall, a rise in trust is likely to underpin social cohesion, limiting, therefore, the need for remittances. These results are still fairly solid and unambiguous after controlling for confounding factors and possible reverse causality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpersonal%20trust" title="interpersonal trust">interpersonal trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remittances" title=" remittances"> remittances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2SLS" title=" 2SLS"> 2SLS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162835/the-decision-to-remit-is-a-matter-of-interpersonal-trust" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> Study on the Effect of Coupling Fluid Compressible-Deformable Wall on the Flow of Molten Polymers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Driouich">Mohamed Driouich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Gueraoui"> Kamal Gueraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sammouda"> Mohamed Sammouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this work is to establish a numerical code for studying the flow of molten polymers in deformable pipes. Using an iterative numerical method based on finite differences, we determine the profiles of the fluid velocity, the temperature and the apparent viscosity of the fluid. The numerical code presented can also be applied to other industrial applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20code" title="numerical code">numerical code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molten%20polymers" title=" molten polymers"> molten polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformable%20pipes" title=" deformable pipes"> deformable pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20differences" title=" finite differences"> finite differences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8493/study-on-the-effect-of-coupling-fluid-compressible-deformable-wall-on-the-flow-of-molten-polymers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> DCT and Stream Ciphers for Improved Image Encryption Mechanism </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20R.%20Sharika">T. R. Sharika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwini%20Kumar"> Ashwini Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Bijlani"> Kamal Bijlani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Encryption is the process of converting crucial information鈥檚 unreadable to unauthorized persons. Image security is an important type of encryption that secures all type of images from cryptanalysis. A stream cipher is a fast symmetric key algorithm which is used to convert plaintext to cipher text. In this paper we are proposing an image encryption algorithm with Discrete Cosine Transform and Stream Ciphers that can improve compression of images and enhanced security. The paper also explains the use of a shuffling algorithm for enhancing securing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decryption" title="decryption">decryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DCT" title=" DCT"> DCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC4%20cipher" title=" RC4 cipher"> RC4 cipher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20cipher" title=" stream cipher"> stream cipher</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32780/dct-and-stream-ciphers-for-improved-image-encryption-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> Resistance to Change as a Lever of Innovation: Case of Tangier, Tetouan and Hoceima Region, Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihane%20Abdessadak">Jihane Abdessadak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hicham%20Achelhi"> Hicham Achelhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Reklaoui"> Kamal Reklaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For any company or organization, change must be natural and binding in order to evolve its business, protect its durability and remain competitive. "Adapt or disappear". But how often managers, leaders or employees develop astonishing ideas that could improve several aspects of the organization and the feedback is less that encouraging and people give unrealistic judgments just to escape change. In this paper, we are going to discuss what we do know about change and resistance to change and what we can do to tame this phenomenon and, above all, the main steps that can follow an idea man in the delicate and decisive implementation of innovations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title="innovation">innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change" title=" change"> change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20to%20change%2Finnovation" title=" resistance to change/innovation"> resistance to change/innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers%20to%20innovation" title=" barriers to innovation"> barriers to innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levers%20of%20innovation" title=" levers of innovation"> levers of innovation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50176/resistance-to-change-as-a-lever-of-innovation-case-of-tangier-tetouan-and-hoceima-region-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> To Remit or not to Remit: It is a Question of Interpersonal Trust</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasmaoui%20Kamal">Kasmaoui Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makhlouf%20farid"> Makhlouf farid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article seeks to assess the role of the level of interpersonal trust in a country in the remittance landscape. Using historical data from the 2010-2014 wave of the World Value Survey (WVS) for interpersonal trust, our findings underline the substitution role played by the interpersonal trust with remittances. More accurately, remittances tend to drop when the rate of interpersonal trust in the country of origin is high. Overall, a rise in trust is likely to underpin social cohesion, limiting, therefore, the need for remittances. These results are still fairly solid and unambiguous after controlling for confounding factors and possible reverse causality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpersonal%20trust" title="interpersonal trust">interpersonal trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remittances" title=" remittances"> remittances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20cohesion" title=" social cohesion"> social cohesion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162817/to-remit-or-not-to-remit-it-is-a-question-of-interpersonal-trust" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Concept-Based Assessment in Curriculum </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandu%20C.%20Nair">Nandu C. Nair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Bijlani"> Kamal Bijlani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a concept-based assessment to track the performance of the students. The idea behind this approach is to map the exam questions with the concepts learned in the course. So at the end of the course, each student will know how well he learned each concept. This system will give a self assessment for the students as well as instructor. By analyzing the score of all students, instructor can decide some concepts need to be teaching again or not. The system鈥檚 efficiency is proved using three courses from M-tech program in E-Learning technologies and results show that the concept-wise assessment improved the score in final exam of majority students on various courses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept" title=" concept"> concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=examination" title=" examination"> examination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=question" title=" question"> question</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=score" title=" score"> score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29674/concept-based-assessment-in-curriculum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Fast Accurate Detection of Frequency Jumps Using Kalman Filter with Non Linear Improvements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20E.%20Mohamed">Mahmoud E. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20F.%20Shalash"> Ahmed F. Shalash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20A.%20Kamal"> Hanan A. Kamal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In communication systems, frequency jump is a serious problem caused by the oscillators used. Kalman filters are used to detect that jump, Despite the tradeoff between the noise level and the speed of the detection. In this paper, An improvement is introduced in the Kalman filter, Through a nonlinear change in the bandwidth of the filter. Simulation results show a considerable improvement in the filter speed with a very low noise level. Additionally, The effect on the response to false alarms is also presented and false alarm rate show improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title="Kalman filter">Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=false%20detection" title=" false detection"> false detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement "> improvement </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7978/fast-accurate-detection-of-frequency-jumps-using-kalman-filter-with-non-linear-improvements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">602</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Dynamics of the Coupled Fitzhugh-Rinzel Neurons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Kumar%20Sharma">Sanjeev Kumar Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Mondal"> Arnab Mondal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjit%20Kumar%20Upadhyay"> Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excitable cells often produce different oscillatory activities that help us to understand the transmitting and processing of signals in the neural system. We consider a FitzHugh-Rinzel (FH-R) model and studied the different dynamics of the model by considering the parameter c as the predominant parameter. The model exhibits different types of neuronal responses such as regular spiking, mixed-mode bursting oscillations (MMBOs), elliptic bursting, etc. Based on the bifurcation diagram, we consider the three regimes (MMBOs, elliptic bursting, and quiescent state). An analytical treatment for the occurrence of the supercritical Hopf bifurcation is studied. Further, we extend our study to a network of a hundred neurons by considering the bi-directional synaptic coupling between them. In this article, we investigate the alternation of spiking propagation and bursting phenomena of an uncoupled and coupled FH-R neurons. We explore that the complete graph of heterogenous desynchronized neurons can exhibit different types of bursting oscillations for certain coupling strength. For higher coupling strength, all the neurons in the network show complete synchronization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excitable%20neuron%20model" title="excitable neuron model">excitable neuron model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiking-bursting" title=" spiking-bursting"> spiking-bursting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20and%20bifurcation" title=" stability and bifurcation"> stability and bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronization%20networks" title=" synchronization networks"> synchronization networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116729/dynamics-of-the-coupled-fitzhugh-rinzel-neurons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Effect of Green Manuring Jantar (Sesbania acculata. L.) on the Growth and Yield of Crops Grown in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Kamal">Javed Kamal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A proposed field study of wheat-based cropping systems was conducted at Faisalabad (Post-Graduate Research Station). We used 7 treatments and Jantar as a green manuring crop to increase the fertility status of soil; after the vegetative phases of wheat, rice, sorghum, and mungbean, the agronomic parameters of these crops were recorded. Hopefully, all increased with jantar treatment when compared with controls. The benefit: cost ratio and physicochemical characteristics of the soil before and after the crop harvest were also calculated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benifit%20cost%20ratio" title="benifit cost ratio">benifit cost ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jantar" title=" jantar"> jantar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunflower" title=" sunflower"> sunflower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat" title=" wheat"> wheat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1683/effect-of-green-manuring-jantar-sesbania-acculata-l-on-the-growth-and-yield-of-crops-grown-in-wheat-based-cropping-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Classification of Random Doppler-Radar Targets during the Surveillance Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20C.%20Tikkiwal">G. C. Tikkiwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Upadhyay"> Mukesh Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the surveillance operations at war or peace time, the Radar operator gets a scatter of targets over the screen. This may be a tracked vehicle like tank vis-脿-vis T72, BMP etc, or it may be a wheeled vehicle like ALS, TATRA, 2.5Tonne, Shaktiman or moving the army, moving convoys etc. The radar operator selects one of the promising targets into single target tracking (STT) mode. Once the target is locked, the operator gets a typical audible signal into his headphones. With reference to the gained experience and training over the time, the operator then identifies the random target. But this process is cumbersome and is solely dependent on the skills of the operator, thus may lead to misclassification of the object. In this paper, we present a technique using mathematical and statistical methods like fast fourier transformation (FFT) and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the random objects. The process of classification is based on transforming the audible signature of target into music octave-notes. The whole methodology is then automated by developing suitable software. This automation increases the efficiency of identification of the random target by reducing the chances of misclassification. This whole study is based on live data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radar%20target" title="radar target">radar target</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FFT" title=" FFT"> FFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvector" title=" eigenvector"> eigenvector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=octave-notes" title=" octave-notes"> octave-notes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSP" title=" DSP"> DSP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37430/classification-of-random-doppler-radar-targets-during-the-surveillance-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Retranslation of Orientalism: Reading Said in Arabic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadil%20Elmenfi">Fadil Elmenfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Edward Said, in his book Culture and Imperialism, devotes the introduction to the Arabic translation. He claims that the fading echo of Orientalism in the Arab world is unlike the positive reflections of its counterpart elsewhere in the world. The probable reason behind his inquiry would be that the methodology Abu Deeb applied in translating Said's book contributed to the book having the limited impact which Said is referring to. The paper adds new insights to the body of theory and the effectiveness of the performance of translation from culture to culture. It presents a survey that can provide the reader with an overview of Said's Orientalism and the two Arabic translations of the book. It investigates some of the problems of translating cultural texts, more specifically translating features of Said's style. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retranslation" title=" retranslation"> retranslation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20Language" title=" Arabic Language"> Arabic Language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Enani" title=" Muhammad Enani"> Muhammad Enani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Abu%20Deeb" title=" Kamal Abu Deeb"> Kamal Abu Deeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Said" title=" Edward Said"> Edward Said</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1973/retranslation-of-orientalism-reading-said-in-arabic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Biosurfactant-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis by Bacillus subtilis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satya%20Eswari%20Jujjavarapu">Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swasti%20Dhagat"> Swasti Dhagat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lata%20%20Upadhyay"> Lata Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reecha%20Sahu"> Reecha Sahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silver nanoparticles have a broad range of antimicrobial and antifungal properties ranging from soaps, pastes to sterilization and drug delivery systems. These can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods; biological methods being the most popular owing to their non-toxic nature and reduced energy requirements. Microbial surfactants, produced on the microbial cell surface or excreted extracellularly are an alternative to synthetic surfactants for the production of silver nanoparticles. Hence, they are also called as green molecules. Microbial lipopeptide surfactants (biosurfactant) exhibit anti-tumor and anti-microbial properties and can be used as drug delivery agents. In this study, biosurfactant was synthesized by using a strain of acillus subtilis. The biosurfactant thus produced was analysed by emulsification assay, oil spilling test, and haemolytic test. Biosurfactant-mediated silver nanoparticles were synthesised by microwave irradiation of the culture supernatant and further characterized by UV鈥搗is spectroscopy for a range of 400-600 nm. The UV鈥搗is spectra showed a surface plasmon resonance vibration band at 410 nm corresponding to the peak of silver nanoparticles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosurfactant" title="biosurfactant">biosurfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis" title=" Bacillus subtilis"> Bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nano%20particle" title=" silver nano particle"> silver nano particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipopeptide" title=" lipopeptide"> lipopeptide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65052/biosurfactant-mediated-nanoparticle-synthesis-by-bacillus-subtilis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Evaluation of the Impact of Green Infrastructure on Dispersion and Deposition of Particulate Matter in Near-Roadway Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deeksha%20Chauhan">Deeksha Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Jain"> Kamal Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pollutant concentration is high in near-road environments, and vegetation is an effective measure to mitigate urban air quality problems. This paper presents the influence of roadside green infrastructure in dispersion and Deposition of Particulate matter (PM) by the ENVI-met Simulations. Six green infrastructure configurations were specified (i) hedges only, (ii) trees only, (iii) a mix of trees and shrubs (iv) green barrier (v) green wall, and (vi) no tree buffer were placed on both sides of the road. The changes in concentrations at all six scenarios were estimated to identify the best barrier to reduce the dispersion and deposition of PM10 and PM2.5 in an urban environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier" title="barrier">barrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Particulate%20matter" title=" Particulate matter"> Particulate matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutant" title=" pollutant"> pollutant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127902/evaluation-of-the-impact-of-green-infrastructure-on-dispersion-and-deposition-of-particulate-matter-in-near-roadway-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Effect of the Birth Order and Arrival of Younger Siblings on the Development of a Child: Evidence from India </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Srivastava">Swati Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Kumar%20Upadhyay"> Ashish Kumar Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using longitudinal data from three waves of Young Lives Study and Ordinary Least Square methods, study has investigated the effect of birth order and arrival of younger siblings on child development in India. Study used child鈥檚 height for age z-score, weight for age z-score, BMI for age z-score, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-Score)c, maths score, Early Grade Reading Assessment Test (ERGA) score, and memory score to measure the physical and cognitive development of child during wave-3. Findings suggest that having a high birth order is detrimental for child development and the gap between adjacent siblings is larger for children late in the birth sequences than early in the birth sequences. Study also reported that not only older siblings but arrival of younger siblings before assessment of test also reduces the development of a child. The effects become stronger in case of female children than male children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height%20for%20age%20z-score" title="height for age z-score">height for age z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20for%20age%20z-score" title=" weight for age z-score"> weight for age z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BMI%20for%20z-score" title=" BMI for z-score"> BMI for z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPVT%20score" title=" PPVT score"> PPVT score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=math%20score" title=" math score"> math score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EGRA%20score" title=" EGRA score"> EGRA score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory%20score" title=" memory score"> memory score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birth%20order" title=" birth order"> birth order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=siblings" title=" siblings"> siblings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Lives%20Study" title=" Young Lives Study"> Young Lives Study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40686/effect-of-the-birth-order-and-arrival-of-younger-siblings-on-the-development-of-a-child-evidence-from-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Application of Principle Component Analysis for Classification of Random Doppler-Radar Targets during the Surveillance Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20C.%20Tikkiwal">G. C. Tikkiwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Upadhyay"> Mukesh Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the surveillance operations at war or peace time, the Radar operator gets a scatter of targets over the screen. This may be a tracked vehicle like tank vis-脿-vis T72, BMP etc, or it may be a wheeled vehicle like ALS, TATRA, 2.5Tonne, Shaktiman or moving army, moving convoys etc. The Radar operator selects one of the promising targets into Single Target Tracking (STT) mode. Once the target is locked, the operator gets a typical audible signal into his headphones. With reference to the gained experience and training over the time, the operator then identifies the random target. But this process is cumbersome and is solely dependent on the skills of the operator, thus may lead to misclassification of the object. In this paper we present a technique using mathematical and statistical methods like Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify the random objects. The process of classification is based on transforming the audible signature of target into music octave-notes. The whole methodology is then automated by developing suitable software. This automation increases the efficiency of identification of the random target by reducing the chances of misclassification. This whole study is based on live data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radar%20target" title="radar target">radar target</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fft" title=" fft"> fft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvector" title=" eigenvector"> eigenvector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=octave-notes" title=" octave-notes"> octave-notes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dsp" title=" dsp"> dsp</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39492/application-of-principle-component-analysis-for-classification-of-random-doppler-radar-targets-during-the-surveillance-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Flood Scenarios for Hydrological and Hydrodynamic Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sharif%20Imam%20Ibne%20Amir">M. Sharif Imam Ibne Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Masud%20Kamal%20Khan"> Mohammad Masud Kamal Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Golam%20Rasul"> Mohammad Golam Rasul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20H.%20Sharma"> Raj H. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatema%20Akram"> Fatema Akram </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Future flood can be predicted using the probable maximum flood (PMF). PMF is calculated using the historical discharge or rainfall data considering the other climatic parameter stationary. However, climate is changing globally and the key climatic variables are temperature, evaporation, rainfall and sea level rise (SLR). To develop scenarios to a basin or catchment scale these important climatic variables should be considered. Nowadays scenario based on climatic variables is more suitable than PMF. Six scenarios were developed for a large Fitzroy basin and presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20evaporation" title=" potential evaporation"> potential evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenario" title=" scenario"> scenario</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20level%20rise%20%28SLR%29" title=" sea level rise (SLR)"> sea level rise (SLR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-catchment" title=" sub-catchment"> sub-catchment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17875/flood-scenarios-for-hydrological-and-hydrodynamic-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Evaluation of Promoter Hypermethylation in Tissue and Blood of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients and Association with Survival</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Ali">Ashraf Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kriti%20Upadhyay"> Kriti Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puja%20Sohal"> Puja Sohal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anant%20Mohan"> Anant Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Randeep%20Guleria"> Randeep Guleria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Gene silencing by aberrant promoter hypermethylation is common in lung cancer and is an initiating event in its development. Aim: To evaluate the gene promoter hypermethylation frequency in serum and tissue of lung cancer patients. Method: 95 newly diagnosed untreated advance stage lung cancer patients and 50 cancer free matched controls were studied. Bisulfite modification of tissue and serum DNA was done; modified DNA was used as a template for methylation-specific PCR analysis. Survival was assessed for one year. Results: Of 95 patients, 82% were non-small cell lung cancer (34% squamous cell carcinoma, 34% non-small cell lung cancer and 14% adenocarcinoma) and 18% were small cell lung cancer. Biopsy revealed that tissue of 89% and 75% of lung cancer patients and 85% and 52% of controls had promoter hypermethylated for MGMT (p=0.35) and p16(p<0.001) gene, respectively. In serum, 33% and 49% of lung cancer patients and 28% and 43% controls were positive for MGMT and p16 gene. No significant correlation was found between survival and clinico-pathological parameters. Conclusion: High gene promoter methylation frequency of p16 gene in tissue biopsy may be linked with early stages of carcinogenesis. Appropriate follow-up is required for confirmation of this finding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title="lung cancer">lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MS-%20PCR" title=" MS- PCR"> MS- PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylation" title=" methylation"> methylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20biology" title=" molecular biology"> molecular biology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96415/evaluation-of-promoter-hypermethylation-in-tissue-and-blood-of-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-patients-and-association-with-survival" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Diffusion Dynamics of Leech-Heart Inter-Neuron Model </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Mondal">Arnab Mondal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Kumar%20Sharma"> Sanjeev Kumar Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjit%20Kumar%20Upadhyay"> Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of a neuronal cable. The processes of one- dimensional (1D) and 2D diffusion are considered for a single variable, which is the membrane voltage, i.e., membrane voltage diffusively interacts for spatiotemporal pattern formalism. The recovery and other variables interact through the membrane voltage. A 3D Leech-Heart (LH) model is introduced to investigate the nonlinear responses of an excitable neuronal cable. The deterministic LH model shows different types of firing properties. We explore the parameter space of the uncoupled LH model and based on the bifurcation diagram, considering v_k2_ashift as a bifurcation parameter, we analyze the 1D diffusion dynamics in three regimes: bursting, regular spiking, and a quiescent state. Depending on parameters, it is shown that the diffusive system may generate regular and irregular bursting or spiking behavior. Further, it is explored a 2D diffusion acting on the membrane voltage, where different types of patterns can be observed. The results show that the LH neurons with different firing characteristics depending on the control parameters participate in a collective behavior of an information processing system that depends on the overall network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation" title="bifurcation">bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20formation" title=" pattern formation"> pattern formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatio-temporal%20dynamics" title=" spatio-temporal dynamics"> spatio-temporal dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20analysis" title=" stability analysis"> stability analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116739/diffusion-dynamics-of-leech-heart-inter-neuron-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Impact of Hybrid Optical Amplifiers on 16 Channel Wavelength Division Multiplexed System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inderpreet%20Kaur">Inderpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravinder%20Pal%20Singh"> Ravinder Pal Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Kant%20Sharma"> Kamal Kant Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the different configurations used of optical amplifiers with 16 channels in Wavelength Division Multiplexed system. The systems with 16 channels have been simulated for evaluation of various parameters; Bit Error Rate, Quality Factor, for threshold values for a range of wavelength from 1471 nm to 1611 nm. Comparison of various combination of configurations have been analyzed with EDFA and FRA but EDFA-FRA configuration performance has been found satisfactory in terms of performance indices and stable region. The paper also compared various parameters quantized with different configurations individually. It has been found that Q factor has high value with less value of BER and high resolution for EDFA-FRA configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDFA" title="EDFA">EDFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRA" title=" FRA"> FRA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WDM" title=" WDM"> WDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q%20factor" title=" Q factor"> Q factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70088/impact-of-hybrid-optical-amplifiers-on-16-channel-wavelength-division-multiplexed-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> 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