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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:pink;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitate" title="Securitate">Securitate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Army of the Socialist Republic of Romania">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Communist_Youth" title="Union of Communist Youth">Union of Communist Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_National_Assembly_(Socialist_Republic_of_Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic of Romania)">Great National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Romania" title="State Council of Romania">State Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Guards_(Romania)" title="Patriotic Guards (Romania)">Patriotic Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Women_(Romania)" title="National Council of Women (Romania)">National Council of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Organization" title="Pioneer Organization">Pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Gheorghiu_Academy" title="Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy">Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church_in_Communist_Romania" title="Romanian Orthodox Church in Communist Romania">Romanian Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sc%C3%AEnteia" title="Scînteia">Scînteia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Front_(Romania)" title="People's Democratic Front (Romania)">People's Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_of_Socialist_Unity_and_Democracy" title="Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy">Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comturist" title="Comturist">Comturist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:pink;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ion_Parhon" title="Constantin Ion Parhon">Constantin Ion Parhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Petru Groza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Pauker" title="Ana Pauker">Ana Pauker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Ion Gheorghe Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gheorghiu-Dej" title="Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej">Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Apostol" title="Gheorghe Apostol">Gheorghe Apostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivu_Stoica" title="Chivu Stoica">Chivu Stoica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manea_M%C4%83nescu" title="Manea Mănescu">Manea Mănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_Verde%C8%9B" title="Ilie Verdeț">Ilie Verdeț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Elena Ceaușescu">Elena Ceaușescu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:pink;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacianism" title="Dacianism">Dacianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Theses" title="July Theses">July Theses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communism_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="National Communism in Romania">National communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu's cult of personality">Ceaușescu's cult of personality</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:pink;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_Romania" title="Collectivization in Romania">Collectivization</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_literacy_campaign" title="Romanian literacy campaign">Literacy campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_Romania" title="Five-Year Plans of Romania">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Stalinization_in_Romania" title="De-Stalinization in Romania">De-Stalinization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree_770" title="Decree 770">Decree 770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">Systematization</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_rural_systematization_program" title="Romanian rural systematization program">Rural</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_austerity_policy_in_Romania" title="1980s austerity policy in Romania">1980s austerity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:pink;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daciad" title="Daciad">Daciad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%AEntarea_Rom%C3%A2niei" title="Cîntarea României">Cîntarea României</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenaclul_Flac%C4%83ra" title="Cenaclul Flacăra">Cenaclul Flacăra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsessive_decade" title="Obsessive decade">Obsessive decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Emblem of the Socialist Republic of Romania">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Socialist Republic of Romania">Flag</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:pink;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Repression</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Communist_Romania" title="Censorship in Communist Romania">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Black_Sea_Canal" title="Danube–Black Sea Canal">Danube–Black Sea Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-education_in_Communist_Romania" title="Re-education in Communist Romania">Re-education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83r%C4%83gan_deportations" title="Bărăgan deportations">Bărăgan deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%83m%C4%83d%C4%83u_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Tămădău Affair">Tămădău Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite%C8%99ti_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitești prison">Pitești prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sighet_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Sighet prison">Sighet prison</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:pink;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Protests and resistance</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">1940s–1950s resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_student_movement_of_1956" title="Bucharest student movement of 1956">Bucharest student movement of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissent_in_Romania_under_Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Dissent in Romania under Nicolae Ceaușescu">Dissent under Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiu_Valley_miners%27_strike_of_1977" title="Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977">Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLOMR" title="SLOMR">SLOMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Brașov Rebellion">Brașov Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_the_Six" title="Letter of the Six">Letter of the Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_and_execution_of_Nicolae_and_Elena_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu">Trial and execution of the Ceaușescus</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:pink;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Relationship with the USSR</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Soviet occupation (1944–1958)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SovRom" title="SovRom">SovRom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-satellization_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania">De-satellization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:pink;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Relations with other states</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="China–Romania relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Italy–Romania relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="North Korea–Romania relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Russia_relations#Romania–Soviet_Union_relations_(1945/47–1990)" title="Romania–Russia relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Romania–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Template:Socialist Republic of Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Template talk:Socialist Republic of Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialist Republic of Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The nationalization of the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> was a measure taken by <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>'s new <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Communist</a> authorities in order to lay the foundation of socialism. The act that allowed this measure to take place was Law 119, adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Great_National_Assembly_(Socialist_Republic_of_Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic of Romania)">Great National Assembly</a> on June 11, 1948. Article 1 decreed subject to nationalization "all the wealth of the soil not in the property of the state at the time of entry into force of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1948 Constitution of Romania">Constitution of the Romanian People's Republic</a>, as well as individual enterprises, societies of any type and private industrial, bank, insurance, mining, transport and telecommunications associations". Nationalized (generally without any form of compensation) were 8,894 industrial, mining, transport, banking and insurance companies, followed in November 1948 by 383 cinemas and medical-sanitary facilities. By 1950, the measure was applied to chemical enterprises, pharmacies and remaining economic entities. </p><p>The nationalization<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also included a significant number of homes. The figure of around 400,000 buildings is regularly mentioned. According to Societatea Academică din România (SAR) between 241,000 and 600,000 properties<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were affected by the measure. </p><p>The nationalization begun in 1948, together with the <a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_Romania" title="Collectivization in Romania">collectivization of agriculture</a> (1949–62), were decisive in undoing the capitalist economy and establishing a socialist economy based on state-owned or cooperative property. </p><p>After the fall of communism in Romania, the state has tried to compensate homeowners and enterprise owners who could not recover their houses, industries, or lands. A special fund dedicated to compensation was created in 2005: <a href="/wiki/Fondul_Proprietatea" title="Fondul Proprietatea">Fondul Proprietatea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationalization_in_Romania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Economy of the Socialist Republic of Romania">Economy of the Socialist Republic of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SovRom" title="SovRom">SovRom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationalization_in_Romania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Stoica, Stan (coordinator). Dicţionar de Istorie a României, p. 233-4. Bucharest: Editura Merona, 2007.</li> <li>Other references:</li></ul> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">mostly thanks to Decrees 92/1950, 111/1951, 224/1951, 513/1953, and 409/1955 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=8797">direct link to the 92/1950 decree (Romanian Chamber of Deputies)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SAR Brief Policy n°34, September 2008, page 5 : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sar.org.ro/files/330_Policy%20memo34EN.pdf">direct link to the survey</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationalization_in_Romania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=1575">Text of the law, from the Romanian Chamber of Deputies</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teodoru.ro/texte/legea119_1948.htm">Text of the law, including annexes</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nationalization_in_Romania&oldid=1128000795">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nationalization_in_Romania&oldid=1128000795</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Category:Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Romania" title="Category:Economy of Romania">Economy of Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nationalization" title="Category:Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_in_Romania" title="Category:1948 in Romania">1948 in Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reform_in_Romania" title="Category:Reform in Romania">Reform in Romania</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Romanian-language_sources_(ro)" title="Category:Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro)">Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 December 2022, at 21:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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