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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Historical </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_conservatism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_conservatism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Modern conservatism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_conservatism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_the_European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_the_European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Relation to the European Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_the_European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wage_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wage_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Wage Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wage_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Public order </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minority_rights_and_demands_for_territorial_autonomy_for_Hungarians_outside_of_Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minority_rights_and_demands_for_territorial_autonomy_for_Hungarians_outside_of_Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Minority rights and demands for territorial autonomy for Hungarians outside of Hungary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minority_rights_and_demands_for_territorial_autonomy_for_Hungarians_outside_of_Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History and development </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History and development subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Foundation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alliances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alliances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Alliances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alliances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magyar_Gárda_and_conflicts_in_the_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magyar_Gárda_and_conflicts_in_the_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Magyar Gárda and conflicts in the party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magyar_Gárda_and_conflicts_in_the_party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderating_the_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderating_the_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Moderating the party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderating_the_party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crisis_after_2018_and_cooperation_with_other_opposition_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crisis_after_2018_and_cooperation_with_other_opposition_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Crisis after 2018 and cooperation with other opposition parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crisis_after_2018_and_cooperation_with_other_opposition_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 International relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Controversy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comments_by_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comments_by_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Comments by members </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comments_by_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Jewish_Congress_protest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Jewish_Congress_protest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 World Jewish Congress protest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Jewish_Congress_protest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_"Hanukkah_case"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"Hanukkah_case""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 The "Hanukkah case" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"Hanukkah_case"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warnings_against_"EU_slavery"_and_ethnic_shift_in_Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warnings_against_"EU_slavery"_and_ethnic_shift_in_Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Warnings against "EU slavery" and ethnic shift in Hungary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warnings_against_"EU_slavery"_and_ethnic_shift_in_Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_LGBT+_rights_as_"sexual_deviancy"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_LGBT+_rights_as_"sexual_deviancy""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Opposition to LGBT+ rights as "sexual deviancy" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_LGBT+_rights_as_"sexual_deviancy"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_for_Miklós_Horthy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_for_Miklós_Horthy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Support for Miklós Horthy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_for_Miklós_Horthy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turanism_affiliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turanism_affiliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Turanism affiliation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turanism_affiliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Electoral performance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_performance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Electoral performance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Growth_and_electoral_success" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_and_electoral_success"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Growth and electoral success </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_and_electoral_success-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014_Hungarian_parliamentary_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_Hungarian_parliamentary_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 2014 Hungarian parliamentary elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_Hungarian_parliamentary_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Election results </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Election results subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 National Assembly </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 European Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 History of leaders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Membership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jobbik</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" > 37 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83" title="يوبيك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوبيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Ёбік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ёбік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Ёбік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёбік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Движение за по-добра Унгария – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Движение за по-добра Унгария" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik_-_Conservadors" title="Jobbik - Conservadors – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jobbik - Conservadors" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_por_una_Hungr%C3%ADa_Mejor" title="Movimiento por una Hungría Mejor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Movimiento por una Hungría Mejor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9_(%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8)" title="یوبیک (حزب) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوبیک (حزب)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EB%B9%84%ED%81%AC" title="요비크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요비크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7_(%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94)" title="יוביק (מפלגה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוביק (מפלגה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik_Magyarorsz%C3%A1g%C3%A9rt_Mozgalom" title="Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%83%E3%83%93%E3%82%AF" title="ヨッビク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨッビク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Йоббик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Йоббик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnutie_za_lep%C5%A1ie_Ma%C4%8Farsko" title="Hnutie za lepšie Maďarsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hnutie za lepšie Maďarsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Јобик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јобик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jobbik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Йоббік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йоббік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%89%E5%8F%96%E6%9B%B4%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="尤比克争取更好的匈牙利运动 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尤比克争取更好的匈牙利运动" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q633442#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hungarian political party</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Criticism_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-criticism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criticism#Avoid_sections_and_articles_focusing_on_criticisms_or_controversies" title="Wikipedia:Criticism">"criticism" or "controversy" section</a> may compromise the article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Article_structure" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a>. Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">through discussion</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Jobbik" title="Talk:Jobbik">talk page</a>. (June 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #047B60; border-bottom:2px solid #047B60; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Movement for a Better Hungary</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jobbik_2024_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Jobbik_2024_logo.svg/225px-Jobbik_2024_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Jobbik_2024_logo.svg/338px-Jobbik_2024_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Jobbik_2024_logo.svg/450px-Jobbik_2024_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="162" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Adorj%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Béla Adorján (page does not exist)">Béla Adorján</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Koloman_Brenner" title="Koloman Brenner">Koloman Brenner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Vice Presidents</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bal%C3%A1zs_Ander" title="Balázs Ander">Balázs Ander</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attila_Keszty%C5%B1s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attila Kesztyűs (page does not exist)">Attila Kesztyűs</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attila_R%C3%A9vi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attila Révi (page does not exist)">Attila Révi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anita_Kv%C3%A1rik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anita Kvárik (page does not exist)">Anita Kvárik</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gy%C3%B6rgy_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Luk%C3%A1cs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="György László Lukács (page does not exist)">György László Lukács</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1niel_Z._K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1t" title="Dániel Z. Kárpát">Dániel Z. Kárpát</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chairman of the Board</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zolt%C3%A1n_Lejer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoltán Lejer (page does not exist)">Zoltán Lejer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Parliamentary leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="László György Lukács">László György Lukács</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Vona" title="Gábor Vona">Gábor Vona</a> <a href="/wiki/Gergely_Pongr%C3%A1tz" title="Gergely Pongrátz">Gergely Pongrátz</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1vid_Kov%C3%A1cs" title="Dávid Kovács">Dávid Kovács</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">24 October 2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">1034 <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Bécsi út 120.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Hazai Pálya</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jobbik_Young_Section" title="Jobbik Young Section">Jobbik Young Section</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">Paramilitary wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Magyar_G%C3%A1rda" title="Magyar Gárda">Magyar Gárda</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> (2007–2009)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2019)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 13,000<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationalism" title="Hungarian nationalism">Hungarian nationalism</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li><li>2003–2014:</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Hungarian irredentism</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right_wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right wing">Right wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/United_for_Hungary" title="United for Hungary">United for Hungary</a> (2020–2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="European Christian Political Movement">European Christian Political Movement</a> (2024–present)<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_European_National_Movements" title="Alliance of European National Movements">Alliance of European National Movements</a> (2009–2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> (2009–2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <a href="/wiki/Teal" title="Teal">Teal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">A Magyar Néppárt<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> ('The Hungarian People's Party')</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Hungary">National Assembly</a><a href="#cite_note-Nordsieck-14">[14]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">8 / 199<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #047B60; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 21<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #047B60; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_county_councils_in_Hungary" title="List of county councils in Hungary">County Assemblies</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">2 / 381<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #047B60; width: 0.5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Budapest" title="General Assembly of Budapest">General Assembly of Budapest</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 33<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #047B60; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jobbik.hu/">www.jobbik.hu</a> (Hungarian)</li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jobbik.com/">www.jobbik.com</a> (English)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #047B60;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Politics of Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hungary" title="List of political parties in Hungary">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Jobbik – Movement for a Better Hungary (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈjobːik ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡeːrt ˈmozɡɒlom]</a>), commonly known as Jobbik (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈjobːik]</a>), and previously known as Conservatives (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Jobbik - Konzervatívok) between 2023 and 2024, is a <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hungary" title="List of political parties in Hungary">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-jobbik.com-16">[16]</a> Originating with <a href="/wiki/Political_radicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political radicalism">radical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationalism" title="Hungarian nationalism">nationalist</a> roots,<a href="#cite_note-BudaTimes-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Politics_Agreement-18">[18]</a> at its beginnings, the party described itself as "a principled, conservative and <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">radically patriotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian party</a>", whose "fundamental purpose" is the protection of "Hungarian values and interests."<a href="#cite_note-politics.hu-19">[19]</a> In 2014, the party was described as an "<a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-Semitic</a> organization" by <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> and a "neo-Nazi party" by the president of the <a href="/wiki/European_Jewish_Congress" title="European Jewish Congress">European Jewish Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Indy-20">[20]</a> From 2015 to 2020, the party started to re-define itself as a more moderate conservative people's party and changed the controversial elements of its communication, culminating with its new declaration of principles now defining itself as a centre-right, pro-European party with some residual moderated nationalist tendencies (the position previously occupied by <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a>). According to the party's "Declaration of Principles", Jobbik will "always focus on the interests of Hungary and the Hungarian people instead of a political group or an ideology. On the other hand, [Jobbik] reject[s] hatemongering and extreme political views that are contrary to Christian values and ethics."<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> However, the foreign media has remained sceptical about the efficiency of the ideological change with voices claiming the change to be comparable to "a wolf in sheep's clothing".<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/2018_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Hungarian parliamentary election">Hungarian parliamentary elections on 8 April 2018</a>, the party polled 1,092,806 votes, securing 19.06% of the total, making it Hungary's second-largest party in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">National Assembly</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> The Movement for a Better Hungary more commonly goes under its abbreviated name Jobbik, which is in fact a play on words. The word jobb in Hungarian has two meanings, the adjective for "better" and the direction "right". Consequently, the <a href="/wiki/Comparative" title="Comparative">comparative form</a> Jobbik means both "better choice" and "more to the right". This is somewhat similar to the English phrase "right choice", which could mean both "a choice on the right side of the political spectrum" and "a correct choice". In fact, originally it was a pun, JOBBIK is the short form for JOBBoldali Ifjúsági Közösség (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: Right-wing Youth Community). On 25 February 2023 the party's congress announced that the party legally changed its name to Jobbik – Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Platform_and_ideology">Platform and ideology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Platform and ideology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #41704c; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Hungary" title="Category:Conservatism in Hungary">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#41704c; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:blue; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Hungary" title="Conservatism">Conservatism in Hungary</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary_(1896-1915;_angels).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary"><img alt="Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/130px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/195px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg/260px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary_%281896-1915%3B_angels%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="730" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #41704c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy#Interwar_period,_1919–1939" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthyism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_liberalism#Hungary" title="National liberalism">National liberalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism#Hungary" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n#Views,_public_image,_international_influence" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbánism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Political Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#Hungary" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberalism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #41704c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Hungary" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights opposition">Anti-LGBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement#Hungary" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_anti-LGBT_law" title="Hungarian anti-LGBT law">Anti-LGBT laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nobility" title="Hungarian nobility">Hungarian nobility</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism#Hungary" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Hungarian withdrawal from the European Union">Huxit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_policy_in_Hungary" title="Family policy in Hungary">Family policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalism" title="Natalism">Natalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hungary" title="Culture of Hungary">Hungarian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Hungarian irredentism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trianon_syndrome" title="Trianon syndrome">Trianon syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_autonomy_movement" title="Székely autonomy movement">Székely autonomy movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration#Hungary" title="Opposition to immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_border_barrier" title="Hungarian border barrier">Hungarian border barrier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Hungary" title="Catholic Church in Hungary">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Hungary" title="Reformed Church in Hungary">Calvinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereigntism#Hungary" title="Sovereigntism">Sovereignty</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #41704c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Hungary)" title="White Terror (Hungary)">White Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_communism_in_Hungary" title="End of communism in Hungary">End of communism in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antall_Government" title="Antall Government">Antall Government</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #41704c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Apponyi" title="Albert Apponyi">Apponyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Furedi" title="Frank Furedi">Furedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Habsburg-Lothringen" title="Eduard Habsburg-Lothringen">Habsburg-Lothringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurel_Kolnai" title="Aurel Kolnai">Kolnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Lezs%C3%A1k" title="Sándor Lezsák">Lezsák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mannheim" title="Karl Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Mindszenty" title="József Mindszenty">Mindszenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladden_Pappin" title="Gladden Pappin">Pappin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Tisza" title="István Tisza">Tisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Wass" title="Albert Wass">Wass</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #41704c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyula_Andr%C3%A1ssy_the_Younger" title="Gyula Andrássy the Younger">Andrássy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Antall" title="József Antall">Antall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Apponyi" title="Albert Apponyi">Apponyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Bethlen" title="István Bethlen">Bethlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Csurka" title="István Csurka">Csurka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Friedrich" title="István Friedrich">Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyula_G%C3%B6mb%C3%B6s" title="Gyula Gömbös">Gömbös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Husz%C3%A1r" title="Károly Huszár">Huszár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91z%C5%91_Ist%C3%B3czy" title="Győző Istóczy">Istóczy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Lezs%C3%A1k" title="Sándor Lezsák">Lezsák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_M%C3%A1rki-Zay" title="Péter Márki-Zay">Márki-Zay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margit_Slachta" title="Margit Slachta">Slachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Teleki" title="Pál Teleki">Teleki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Tildy" title="Zoltán Tildy">Tildy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Tisza" title="István Tisza">Tisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Toroczkai" title="László Toroczkai">Toroczkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Volner" title="János Volner">Volner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Vona" title="Gábor Vona">Vona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Zichy" title="János Zichy">Zichy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #41704c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_(Hungary)" title="Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary)">Christian Democratic People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Response" title="Civic Response">Civic Response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everybody%27s_Hungary_People%27s_Party" title="Everybody's Hungary People's Party">Everybody's Hungary People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Self-Government_of_Germans_in_Hungary" title="National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary">National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Start_(Hungary)" title="New Start (Hungary)">New Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Homeland_Movement" title="Our Homeland Movement">Our Homeland Movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jobbik</a></li></ul> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party_(Austria-Hungary)#Hungarian_Party" title="Catholic People's Party (Austria-Hungary)">Catholic People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_National_Union_Party" title="Christian National Union Party">Christian National Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Hungary)" title="Conservative Party (Hungary)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Freedom_Party" title="Hungarian Freedom Party">Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Democratic_Forum" title="Hungarian Democratic Forum">Hungarian Democratic Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Independence_Party" title="Hungarian Independence Party">Hungarian Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Justice_and_Life_Party" title="Hungarian Justice and Life Party">Hungarian Justice and Life Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Smallholders,_Agrarian_Workers_and_Civic_Party" title="Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party">Independent Smallholders Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_(Hungary)" title="Unity Party (Hungary)">Unity Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #41704c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Institute" title="Danube Institute">Danube Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidelitas_(Hungary)" title="Fidelitas (Hungary)">Fidelitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidesz%E2%80%93KDNP" title="Fidesz–KDNP">Fidesz–KDNP</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #41704c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Press_and_Media_Foundation" title="Central European Press and Media Foundation">Central European Press and Media Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bors_(bulv%C3%A1rlap)" class="extiw" title="hu:Bors (bulvárlap)">Bors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figyel%C5%91" title="Figyelő">Figyelő</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%ADr_TV" title="Hír TV">Hír TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Nemzet" title="Magyar Nemzet">Magyar Nemzet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandiner" title="Mandiner">Mandiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemzeti_Sport" title="Nemzeti Sport">Nemzeti Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origo_(website)" title="Origo (website)">Origo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szabad_F%C3%B6ld" title="Szabad Föld">Szabad Föld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vil%C3%A1ggazdas%C3%A1g" title="Világgazdaság">Világgazdaság</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_TV" title="Echo TV">Echo TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetek_(magazine)" title="Hetek (magazine)">Hetek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heti_V%C3%A1lasz" title="Heti Válasz">Heti Válasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Demokrata" title="Magyar Demokrata">Magyar Demokrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_H%C3%ADrlap" title="Magyar Hírlap">Magyar Hírlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Conservative" title="The European Conservative">The European Conservative</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #41704c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary">Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Hungary" title="Diet of Hungary">Diet of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szeged_Idea" title="Szeged Idea">Szeged Idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_Against_the_West" title="The War Against the West">The War Against the West</a> (1928)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/16px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/24px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Hungary" title="Portal:Hungary">Hungary portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Hungary" title="Template:Conservatism in Hungary"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Hungary" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Hungary"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Hungary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Hungary"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> On 30 June 2020, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_Jakab" title="Péter Jakab">Péter Jakab</a> the president of Jobbik and <a href="/wiki/Koloman_Brenner" title="Koloman Brenner">Koloman Brenner</a> member of the strategic group of the party introduced a new declaration of principles of the party, replacing its previous hardline <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_populism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist populism">nationalist-populist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hard_Eurosceptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard Eurosceptic">hard Eurosceptic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-globalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-globalist">anti-globalist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">irredentist</a> one. The party redefined itself as a <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a>, socially sensitive people's party in the document. The document defines Jobbik as the only people's party in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and stated that "Jobbik is an independent political movement that strictly observes its own values but is willing to cooperate with other political forces to restore democracy and the rule of law in Hungary."<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Since its adoption of more moderate policies, Jobbik has been described as <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> centre-right<a href="#cite_note-auto6-31">[31]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> It also stated its support for <a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">agrarianism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Currently, the party describes itself as a modern conservative people's party.<a href="#cite_note-jobbik.com-16">[16]</a> A 28 February 2020 opinion poll by IDEA for Euronews was analyzed by leading political scientist Balázs Böcskei. He interpreted that from a former nationalist party, Jobbik has completed its transformation into a moderate people's party and its voting base has been changed, and now competes for a predominantly moderate conservative pro-EU constituency.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Since 2014, the party has not used the "radical right-wing" term to define itself, stating that it aims to represent all Hungarian people, not exclusively the right-wing of the political spectrum. According to <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Vona" title="Gábor Vona">Gábor Vona</a>, the president of Jobbik, after 2014 the party has grown out of its "<a href="/wiki/Adolescence" title="Adolescence">adolescence</a>" and reached its <a href="/wiki/Adulthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Adulthood">adulthood</a>. The party has significantly changed its views on the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, while in internal politics the party has started to emphasize opening towards the different groups of the <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">Hungarian society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hungary_Today-36">[36]</a> At the same time, Vona distanced the party from "wrong statements" that it had made in the past.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical">edit</a>]</div> Prior to 2020, Jobbik was described by media and academics as <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a>,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a>,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> and extreme <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right wing</a> political party.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Earlier, the party often defined itself as "a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party", whose "fundamental purpose" was the protection of "Hungarian values and interests".<a href="#cite_note-politics.hu-19">[19]</a> Since then, Jobbik has implemented major changes in its program and policies, due to its growing popularity and broadening supporter groups. Earlier Jobbik's ideology has been described by political scholars as <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing populist">right-wing populist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> whose strategy "relies on a combination of <a href="/wiki/Ethno-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethno-nationalism">ethno-nationalism</a> with <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">anti-elitist populist</a> rhetoric and a radical critique of existing political institutions".<a href="#cite_note-auto5-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-10">[10]</a> For its part, Jobbik rejected the common classification of the political spectrum in <a href="/wiki/Left%E2%80%93right_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Left–right politics">left and right</a>, and has been described as a <a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">catch-all party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The party sees itself as patriotic.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The party has always rejected the term 'far-right', and instead labeled itself as '<a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(Europe)" title="Radical right (Europe)">radical right-wing</a>'. It has also criticised media companies for labelling them as 'far-right' and has threatened to take action towards those who do.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Hungary">Supreme Court of Hungary</a> ruled that Jobbik cannot be labeled "far-right" in any domestic radio or television transmissions, as this would constitute an opinion because Jobbik has refused the 'far-right' label.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> It also supported <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationalism" title="Hungarian nationalism">nationalist</a> positions.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nordsieck-14">[14]</a> At its beginnings, Jobbik described itself as rejecting "<a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">global</a> <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>"<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> and the European Union,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> because they felt disappointed with the conditions of the Hungarian EU accession.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> While the party previously also opposed <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> the party's leader, Gábor Vona, stated in February 2017 that he has "never questioned <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>'s existence"<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> and that the party supports a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Israel-Palestine_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Palestine conflict">Israel-Palestine conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In July 2018, the party also voted in the European Parliament in favour of greater security coordination with Israel.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> At some level the party adhered to <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Turanism" title="Hungarian Turanism">Pan-Turanism</a>, an ideology that asserts that <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a> originate from the <a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Ural–Altaic race</a>,<a href="#cite_note-IBNTM2-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-budapesttimes.hu2-58">[58]</a> and supported <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Hungarian irredentism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Budapester2-59">[59]</a> Consequently, the party strongly supports closer ties with <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, with Vona criticizing the <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt</a> and praising Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> as a "very strong leader".<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Jobbik, according to recent remarks from the party, no longer regards ideological issues as a primary goal, but instead focuses on the elimination of social tensions and controversies as well as on the fight against the growing corruption in the public sphere and administration.<a href="#cite_note-Hungary_Today-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_conservatism">Modern conservatism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern conservatism">edit</a>]</div> In the summer of 2016 Gábor Vona, the president of Jobbik, declared a new style of politics, called "modern conservatism" with the aim of moving beyond pointless debates between the right- and the left-wing and to fostering <a href="/wiki/Cooperation" title="Cooperation">cooperation</a> among Hungarians with different political backgrounds. According to Vona, the goal of "modern conservatism" is, to build a society that can, by its <a href="/wiki/Proactivity" title="Proactivity">proactivity</a>, be a basis for a more <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> political functioning. As a historical precedent, he referred to the ideals of <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Sz%C3%A9chenyi" title="István Széchenyi">István Széchenyi</a>, who is considered one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">statesmen</a> of Hungarian history.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto7-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relation_to_the_European_Union">Relation to the European Union</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Relation to the European Union">edit</a>]</div> Upon its formation, Jobbik had a strongly critical stance towards the European Union. The party regarded the accession of Hungary as a failure, and saw the EU as an organization that did not serve the interests of Hungarians. However, even in this period, the party did not refuse the idea of a radically reformed European <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> and the continuous debates on the future of the European Union, the party has reassessed its views on the EU and started to emphasize that by adequate policies and some EU reforms, the organization could be made advantageous for European nations.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> According to Jobbik, Hungary should join the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> as soon as possible since it is a not a political but an economic question. At his press conference on 27 October 2017, the president of the party, Gábor Vona, said that if some conditions were fulfilled Jobbik could even support further deepening of the EU.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In December 2018, Jobbik presented its 2019 European Parliament election program, in which the party highlighted three topics of key importance: European cohesion, joint European solution on migration issues and centralized European action against fake news. According to the published program, Jobbik stands for Hungarian membership of the EU and advocates for a just union based on the principle of solidarity laid out by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wage_Union">Wage Union</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wage Union">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wage_union" title="Wage union">Wage Union</a></div> Jobbik sees economic convergence and a pan-European wage union as important goals.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Thus, a key element of the party's EU policy is the economic development of the eastern member states of the EU, thereby reducing the economic differences between East and West. The party believes that lack of development has led to corruption, and that both the EU and the governments of <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a> have turned a blind eye to the problem. Therefore, Jobbik played a leading role in the formation of the Wage Union <a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Initiative" title="European Citizens' Initiative">European Citizens' Initiative</a>, that started its work on 14 March 2017 with the participation of representatives from 8 Central European countries.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> At its beginnings, Jobbik rejected globalised capitalism and the influence of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_investors" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign investors">foreign investors</a> in Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In the past, Jobbik has specifically opposed aggressive <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> investment in Hungary and what it termed a selling-out of the country. On 4 May 2013, protesting against the <a href="/wiki/World_Jewish_Congress" title="World Jewish Congress">World Jewish Congress</a>'s choice to locate their 2013 congress in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, party chairman Gábor Vona said, "The Israeli conquerors, these investors, should look for another country in the world for themselves because Hungary is not for sale".<a href="#cite_note-BBC-71">[71]</a> This was in response to a highly-controversial speech by the Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>. On 10 October 2007, Peres said that "from such a small country as ours it is almost amazing, that we are buying up Manhattan, Hungary, Romania and Poland".<a href="#cite_note-YouTube-72">[72]</a> This statement created a heated debate in Hungary and Israel was obliged to explain the controversial words several times.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> According to the party's 2017 Manifesto, an innovative economic policy should be followed, whose goal is to find opportunities in the global economy. An increasingly-important point of Jobbik's economic policy is the creation of a more-competitive national economy that is able to provide higher wages. The party aims to support <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" title="Small and medium-sized enterprises">SMEs</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> and a balanced development with <a href="/wiki/Multinational_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinational companies">multinational companies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_order">Public order</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Public order">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The party argued on its formation that the <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hungary" title="Law enforcement in Hungary">national police</a> should be greatly strengthened and, along with the <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a>, supports introducing a "<a href="/wiki/Three_strikes_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Three strikes law">three strikes law</a>".<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> However, political rivals of Jobbik claim that its <a href="#Magyar_Gárda_and_conflicts_in_the_party">connections with the Magyar Gárda</a> militia (which is now banned) cast doubt on the party's commitment to peace and order in Hungarian society, and even within party ranks. Jobbik have previously promised to restore the death penalty if they come to power.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minority_rights_and_demands_for_territorial_autonomy_for_Hungarians_outside_of_Hungary">Minority rights and demands for territorial autonomy for Hungarians outside of Hungary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Minority rights and demands for territorial autonomy for Hungarians outside of Hungary">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magyarorszag_1920.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Magyarorszag_1920.png/225px-Magyarorszag_1920.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Magyarorszag_1920.png/338px-Magyarorszag_1920.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Magyarorszag_1920.png/450px-Magyarorszag_1920.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption>Hungarian losses of territory in the 1920 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a>. Ethnic Hungarians and their percentage of the population are displayed in red.</figcaption></figure> Jobbik strongly promotes the welfare of the large <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarian</a> populations living outside Hungary as <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic minorities">ethnic minorities</a>. The party demands minority rights for these groups in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western European</a> standards. Along with almost all current Hungarian political parties, Jobbik demands the reestablishment of <a href="/wiki/List_of_autonomous_areas_by_country" title="List of autonomous areas by country">"territorial autonomy"</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a> of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, and desires to make <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a> an independent Hungarian district<a href="#cite_note-Pretrianon-80">[80]</a> on the model of <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Jobbik is frequently accused of agitating for a return to pre-Treaty-of-Trianon borders.<a href="#cite_note-Zimberg_28–32-83">[83]</a> However, Jobbik has never suggested changing borders by force, and believes that the ultimate solution is territorial and cultural autonomy within a European Union framework of <a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">minority rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> One fourth of ethnic Hungarians live outside the country.<a href="#cite_note-Inder-86">[86]</a> Many suffer <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-88">[88]</a> because of their ethnicity, causing frequent diplomatic disputes between Hungary and its neighbors. Jobbik dedicates itself to supporting the cause of Hungarian minorities in adjoining countries,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> vocally defending their schools, churches and cultural values. The party's <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2009 European Parliament election in Hungary">2009 election</a> slogan "Hungary belongs to the Hungarians" (Magyarország a Magyaroké!) attracted much scrutiny. While some critics dismissed the slogan as a tautology,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> others considered it a call to bigotry and complained to the National Electoral Commission, which ruled it "unconstitutional" on the eve of the election.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> On 11 March 2014, in response to a demonstration in <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99" title="Târgu Mureș">Târgu Mureș</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> president <a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a> publicly called for a ban on Jobbik members from entering Romania.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Besides defending the rights of ethnic Hungarians living abroad, Jobbik actively supports the cultural autonomy and language rights of the autochthonous <a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Minorities in Hungary">ethnic minorities living in Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The party has a pragmatic stance on cooperation among the <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central European</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> nations and states and, despite historical differences, strongly supports their common action within the EU. Jobbik leaders have called for action in the framework of the Wage Union European Citizens' Initiative.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_development">History and development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History and development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pongr%C3%A1tz_Gergely_2004_Corvin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pongr%C3%A1tz_Gergely_2004_Corvin.jpg/169px-Pongr%C3%A1tz_Gergely_2004_Corvin.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Pongr%C3%A1tz_Gergely_2004_Corvin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a> veteran <a href="/wiki/Gergely_Pongr%C3%A1tz" title="Gergely Pongrátz">Gergely Pongrátz</a>, a Jobbik founder</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jobbik_(Hungary).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Jobbik_%28Hungary%29.svg/169px-Flag_of_Jobbik_%28Hungary%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="169" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Jobbik_%28Hungary%29.svg/254px-Flag_of_Jobbik_%28Hungary%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Jobbik_%28Hungary%29.svg/338px-Flag_of_Jobbik_%28Hungary%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Jobbik's party flag from 2003 to 2020</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Foundation">edit</a>]</div> The group was first established in 2002 as the Right-Wing Christian Youth Community (Jobboldali Ifjúsági Közösség – JOBBIK) by a group of Catholic and Protestant university students. It was founded as a political party in October 2003, by Gabor Vona, the son of a staunchly anti-Communist farming family.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>]. The new party elected <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1vid_Kov%C3%A1cs" title="Dávid Kovács">Dávid Kovács</a> as president, serving until 2006. A key figure was <a href="/wiki/Gergely_Pongr%C3%A1tz" title="Gergely Pongrátz">Gergely Pongrátz</a> who, in a speech to the founding conference, invoked the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] Around Christmas 2003, Jobbik conducted a nationwide programme of erecting crosses, to remind Hungarians of the "true meaning" of the holiday. The move was criticized by several Christian intellectual groups.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alliances">Alliances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Alliances">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MI%C3%89P_-_Jobbik_log%C3%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/MI%C3%89P_-_Jobbik_log%C3%B3.jpg/220px-MI%C3%89P_-_Jobbik_log%C3%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/MI%C3%89P_-_Jobbik_log%C3%B3.jpg/330px-MI%C3%89P_-_Jobbik_log%C3%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/MI%C3%89P_-_Jobbik_log%C3%B3.jpg/440px-MI%C3%89P_-_Jobbik_log%C3%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the electoral alliance</figcaption></figure> Even though the far-right <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Justice_and_Life_Party" title="Hungarian Justice and Life Party">Hungarian Justice and Life Party</a> (MIÉP) and Jobbik had publicly quarreled, the parties formed an electoral alliance for the <a href="/wiki/2006_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2006 Hungarian parliamentary election">2006 national elections</a>, the <a href="/wiki/MI%C3%89P%E2%80%93Jobbik_Third_Way_Alliance_of_Parties" title="MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties">MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties</a>. The alliance sought to win votes from the major conservative <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a> party.<a href="#cite_note-hvg05-101">[101]</a> However, the alliance won only 2.2% of the votes, and Jobbik largely withdrew from it. In 2009 the State Audit Office (ÁSZ) reported the alliance for grave breaches of accounting rules. Jobbik blamed MIÉP alone for the irregularities.<a href="#cite_note-allbr-102">[102]</a> Jobbik fought the 2010 and 2014 general elections without political allies. Recently, some left-wing <a href="/wiki/Intellectual" title="Intellectual">intellectuals</a> suggested a <a href="/wiki/Coalition" title="Coalition">coalition</a> between the left-liberal parties and Jobbik<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> to challenge the Fidesz government; however Jobbik rejected the idea to cooperate with parties which they call "20th century powers".<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Nevertheless, Gábor Vona said in an interview that "We will need several bridges ... to voters on the left, not to parties on the left. Jobbik offers a message, a program both to former leftist and former rightist voters."<a href="#cite_note-auto7-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magyar_Gárda_and_conflicts_in_the_party">Magyar Gárda and conflicts in the party</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Magyar Gárda and conflicts in the party">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Magyar_G%C3%A1rda" title="Magyar Gárda">Magyar Gárda</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magyar_G%C3%A1rda_K%C3%B3rus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Magyar_G%C3%A1rda_K%C3%B3rus.jpg/225px-Magyar_G%C3%A1rda_K%C3%B3rus.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Magyar_G%C3%A1rda_K%C3%B3rus.jpg/338px-Magyar_G%C3%A1rda_K%C3%B3rus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Magyar_G%C3%A1rda_K%C3%B3rus.jpg/450px-Magyar_G%C3%A1rda_K%C3%B3rus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Magyar_G%C3%A1rda" title="Magyar Gárda">Magyar Gárda</a> choir sings in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9k%C3%A9scsaba" title="Békéscsaba">Békéscsaba</a>.</figcaption></figure> During the 2000s, public order was a key topic in Hungarian political life; especially after the 2006 lynching of a Hungarian teacher by <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> people in the Eastern Hungarian village of <a href="/wiki/Olaszliszka" title="Olaszliszka">Olaszliszka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The case turned public attention to the failure of Roma integration and the inability of the <a href="/wiki/Rend%C5%91rs%C3%A9g" title="Rendőrség">Hungarian police</a> to maintain law and order in the Hungarian countryside. The idea of setting up a "national guard", similar to the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guard of the United States">National Guard of the United States</a>, became popular among the conservative political parties of Hungary. In June 2007, Gábor Vona – supported by the party – founded and registered an organisation called <a href="/wiki/Magyar_G%C3%A1rda" title="Magyar Gárda">Magyar Gárda</a> ("Hungarian Guard"). Its deed of foundation declared that it intended to become "part or core" of a national guard, to be set up in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bethlen" title="Gabriel Bethlen">Gabriel Bethlen</a> programme, and to participate actively "in strengthening national self-defence" and "maintaining public order". Additional goals included supporting and organising social and charity missions, disaster prevention and civil defence. The foundation of the Guard caused fierce political debate. On 10 March 2008, three leading figures resigned from the party: founding president <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1vid_Kov%C3%A1cs" title="Dávid Kovács">Dávid Kovács</a>, committee chairman Ervin Nagy, and former ethics committee chairman Márton Fári. They named the Hungarian Guard as the cause of their resignation, stating that "Jobbik has been merged inseparably with the Guard, taking responsibility for something that it cannot really control in the long run". On 2 July 2009 the Metropolitan Court of Appeal (Fővárosi Ítélőtábla) disbanded the Hungarian Guard Movement because the court held that its activities attacked the <a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">human rights of minorities</a> guaranteed by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hungary" title="Constitution of Hungary">Constitution of Hungary</a>. The Guard has attempted to reorganize itself as a civil service association, the Magyar Gárda Foundation, engaged in cultural and nation building activities rather than politics. Its renewed activities are opposed by the Hungarian authorities<a href="#cite_note-banning-106">[106]</a> and prosecutors claim that the founding of the new organization is in contempt of previous court rulings. After several schisms, the organization has largely ceased activity. On 28 January 2017 some radical members of the Magyar Gárda held a demonstration against Gábor Vona outside Jobbik's year-opening event. Participants denounced the new politics of Jobbik as a betrayal of the right wing.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderating_the_party">Moderating the party</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Moderating the party">edit</a>]</div> Before the 2014 <a href="/wiki/General_election" title="General election">parliamentary elections</a>, Jobbik began a new policy: the so-called néppártosodás (transition to a people's party). The party adopted a new style of <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a> while reversing many radical elements of its earlier program.<a href="#cite_note-FreedomH-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Jobbik leaders declared that it has turned from a radical right-wing party into a moderate conservative people's party. President Gábor Vona, in an interview, promised to "cut the wildlings" – the one-time radicals.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In 2016, the party pursued its strategy of de-demonization by abandoning parts of its original ideology and excluding certain extremist elements. The aim was to make its image more respectable and present a credible opposition to the conservative government of <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-FreedomH-108">[108]</a> Despite Jobbik's pledges, particularly to the Jewish community in Hungary, many left-wing intellectuals and political figures say they want to keep their distance from an organization deemed as undemocratic.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Others, on the other hand – including philosopher <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gnes_Heller" title="Ágnes Heller">Ágnes Heller</a> – consider it necessary to ally with all opposition parties, including Jobbik, to defeat <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Heller says that Jobbik has never been a neo-Nazi party, although she described them as far-right and racist.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> At the local level, however, implicit alliances were formed between left-wing parties and Jobbik in partial municipal elections to defeat the ruling-government party.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Although the party was commonly described as <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> by observers and in the international press, from the mid-2010s it became more difficult to classify Jobbik in those terms<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> because of its policy changes<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a>'s increasingly right-wing rhetoric.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Support for Jobbik is particularly strong among young people. Since 2014, the party has consciously tried to attract young people who are disappointed with other political parties. An international survey, conducted in 2016, found that 53 percent of Hungarians aged between 18 and 35 years would vote for Jobbik.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> However, Jobbik's strategy — moving away from its far-right roots and staking out a more centrist position — has resulted in the emergence of more radical dissident formations, like the new party <a href="/wiki/Force_and_Determination_(Hungary)" title="Force and Determination (Hungary)">Force and Determination</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Our_Homeland_Movement" title="Our Homeland Movement">Our Homeland Movement</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crisis_after_2018_and_cooperation_with_other_opposition_parties">Crisis after 2018 and cooperation with other opposition parties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Crisis after 2018 and cooperation with other opposition parties">edit</a>]</div> Prior to the 2018 parliamentary election, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Vona" title="Gábor Vona">Gábor Vona</a> promised that he would resign if he could not lead the party to victory. True to his word, he resigned after the results were announced.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Despite rumors that Jobbik would change its policies, the National Board of the party unanimously decided in favor of the moderate, conservative policies.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> On 12 May 2018 the party elected <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sneider" title="Tamás Sneider">Tamás Sneider</a> as the president and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si" title="Márton Gyöngyösi">Márton Gyöngyösi</a> as the executive vice-president of the party. The Hungarian press saw this as a victory for the moderate wing.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Tamás Sneider announced that he wanted to build a socially conscious party, based on the teachings of Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Sneider's rival for the leadership of the party, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Toroczkai" title="László Toroczkai">László Toroczkai</a>, received 46.2% of the votes. He threatened to split the party unless it returned to its original policies.<a href="#cite_note-auto-129">[129]</a> His platform included an end to immigration, stemming emigration of Hungarian youth to the wealthier west of the EU, a tough line on Hungary's Roma minority, and support for ethnic Hungarian minorities in neighboring states.<a href="#cite_note-auto-129">[129]</a> When his proposals were rejected, Toroczkai formed a new party with <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3ra_D%C3%BAr%C3%B3" title="Dóra Dúró">Dóra Dúró</a>: <a href="/wiki/Our_Homeland_Movement" title="Our Homeland Movement">Our Homeland Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On 7 November 2018 László Toroczkai announced that three former Jobbik politicians – <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Ap%C3%A1ti" title="István Apáti">István Apáti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erik_F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p" title="Erik Fülöp">Erik Fülöp</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Volner" title="János Volner">János Volner</a> – had joined Our Homeland Movement.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In 2019, he reorganized the <a href="/wiki/Magyar_G%C3%A1rda" title="Magyar Gárda">Magyar Gárda</a> and made it part of the <a href="/wiki/Our_Homeland_Movement" title="Our Homeland Movement">Our Homeland Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> On 12 December 2018 the Hungarian Parliament adopted an amendment to the Overtime Act (Often called "Slave Law" by the opposition) on a scandalous session. On this day, representatives of Jobbik, MSZP, LMP, DK and Dialogue in the National Assembly disrupted the legislation by hesitating, shouting, broadcasting and preventing the presidential pulpit from obstructing the vote.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Following the parliamentary meeting, mass protests began all over the country, where Jobbik is participating together with the other opposition parties.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Following the demonstrations, left-wing politicians, including the President of the Hungarian Socialist Party Bertalan Tóth, suggested that opposition parties, including Jobbik, should run on a common list at the European Parliament elections.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Jobbik participated in the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2019 European Parliament election in Hungary">2019 European Parliament election</a> as a separate list. In these elections the party lost more than half of its support. These elections likely further motivated the party to collaborate with other groupings in the opposition. In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Hungarian_local_elections" title="2019 Hungarian local elections">2019 local elections</a> the party in most parts of Hungary joined common lists with MSZP, DK, Dialogue and Momentum (in some cases, with local parties as well). Due to this, Jobbik candidates (who stood as independents) managed to win mayorships in <a href="/wiki/Eger" title="Eger">Eger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duna%C3%BAjv%C3%A1ros" title="Dunaújváros">Dunaújváros</a> or more easily retained ones it held before (e.g. <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6kszentmikl%C3%B3s" title="Törökszentmiklós">Törökszentmiklós</a>). On 25 January 2020, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_Jakab" title="Péter Jakab">Péter Jakab</a> was elected president of the party.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> He received more than 87 percent of the votes.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2022 Hungarian parliamentary election">2022 Hungarian parliamentary election</a> Jobbik participated in the opposition alliance <a href="/wiki/United_for_Hungary" title="United for Hungary">United for Hungary</a>. Viktor Orbán's Fidesz won the election, acquiring two-thirds majority in the parliament again. Some analysts claimed that the majority of Jobbik voters turned out for Fidesz or Our Homeland Movement instead of the united opposition.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Prime minister candidate of the alliance, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_M%C3%A1rki-Zay" title="Péter Márki-Zay">Péter Márki-Zay</a> shared this assessment, admitting that the united opposition may have lost up to "two thirds" of Jobbik voters.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> By the summer of the same year, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of European Parliament">MEP</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si" title="Márton Gyöngyösi">Márton Gyöngyösi</a> won the party's leadership contest. On 6 June 2023, Ágnes Kunhalmi announced that Jobbik left from the United for Hungary alliance.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jobbik_logo_with_text.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Jobbik_logo_with_text.svg/220px-Jobbik_logo_with_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Jobbik_logo_with_text.svg/330px-Jobbik_logo_with_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Jobbik_logo_with_text.svg/440px-Jobbik_logo_with_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="173" /></a><figcaption>Old logo until 2023</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jobbik.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Jobbik.svg/220px-Jobbik.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Jobbik.svg/330px-Jobbik.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Jobbik.svg/440px-Jobbik.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Old logo without text until 2023</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> Jobbik was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_European_National_Movements" title="Alliance of European National Movements">Alliance of European National Movements</a>, alongside the French <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a>, Italy's <a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Flame" title="Tricolour Flame">Tricolour Flame</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a>, the Swedish <a href="/wiki/National_Democrats_(Sweden)" title="National Democrats (Sweden)">National Democrats</a>, the Finnish <a href="/wiki/Blue_and_White_Front" title="Blue and White Front">Blue and White Front</a>, the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/National_Renovator_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Renovator Party">National Renovator Party</a>, and the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Republican_Social_Movement" title="Republican Social Movement">Republican Social Movement</a>. Its membership ended in February 2016 when Jobbik cut its affiliation with AENM.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit">[update]</a>, Jobbik had ties to the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_People%27s_Party_of_Estonia" title="Conservative People's Party of Estonia">Conservative People's Party of Estonia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-wageunion-147">[147]</a> the Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/United_Patriots" title="United Patriots">United Patriots</a>,<a href="#cite_note-wageunion-147">[147]</a> the Latvian <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Latvia)" title="National Alliance (Latvia)">National Alliance</a>,<a href="#cite_note-wageunion-147">[147]</a> the Polish <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_(Poland)" title="National Movement (Poland)">National Movement</a>,<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> the Indian <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> the Russian <a href="/wiki/Rodina_(political_party)" title="Rodina (political party)">Rodina</a>,<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> and the Turkish <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> although these connections began tapering off as the party moderated its platform and far-right factions began to split off. Jobbik has proposed joining the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a>, but was rejected in August 2018.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Jobbik joined the <a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="European Christian Political Movement">European Christian Political Movement</a> in April 2024. Márton Gyöngyösi has been an individual member of ECPM since September 2023.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Controversy">edit</a>]</div> During its period as a far-right party, Jobbik strenuously denied<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> allegations of antisemitism or racism, saying that the allegations were either politically motivated,<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> or simply false. It also dismissed the criticism of perceived antisemitism, racism, and homophobia as the "favourite topics" of its political opponents. Even so, the movement was accused of playing on those fears.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph1-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comments_by_members">Comments by members</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Comments by members">edit</a>]</div> On the eve of the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009 elections to the European parliament</a>, a comment was posted on a Hungarian political internet forum, allegedly in the name of <a href="/wiki/Krisztina_Morvai" title="Krisztina Morvai">Krisztina Morvai</a>, who then headed the party's electoral list. Addressing their remarks to Hungarian Jews, the comment poster stated that they "would be glad if the so-called proud Hungarian Jews went back to playing with their tiny circumcised dicks instead of vilifying me."<a href="#cite_note-PoHu-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-haaretz-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guard1-163">[163]</a> News of this comment, which was roundly condemned,<a href="#cite_note-redux-164">[164]</a> spread rapidly around the world<a href="#cite_note-cfca-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-macleans-166">[166]</a> and eventually even featured in an article in <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-econ1-167">[167]</a> Morvai's critics pointed to her refusal to even discuss the issue,<a href="#cite_note-wonder-168">[168]</a> let alone deny it,<a href="#cite_note-c4n-169">[169]</a> implying that this was sufficient to ascribe authorship of the remarks to her.<a href="#cite_note-jta-170">[170]</a> Her supporters, however, claimed that though she certainly had a record of being critical of the state of Israel<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> given a sympathy for the Palestinian cause she developed while working as an international human rights lawyer,<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> the idea of Morvai being an antisemite was "simply ridiculous", given that at the time of her alleged remarks she was married to a Hungarian of Jewish origin,<a href="#cite_note-regard-173">[173]</a> with whom she had three children.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In a newsletter published by a group calling itself "The trade union of Hungarian police officers prepared for action", the following was allegedly printed: "Given our current situation, anti-Semitism is not just our right, but it is the duty of every Hungarian homeland lover, and we must prepare for armed battle against the Jews." The editor of the union, Judit Szima, was a Jobbik candidate in the upcoming election for the European Union parliament. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> alleged that Szima "didn't see anything wrong with the content of the article."<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz2-175">[175]</a> Cooperation between Jobbik and the trade union led by Szima was dismantled in 2010 and since then there has been no affiliation between them.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> During spring 2012, Jobbik representative in Hungarian parliament Zsolt Baráth caused an outrage by commemorating 1882 <a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">blood libel</a> against the Jews in Parliament. The <a href="/wiki/Tiszaeszl%C3%A1r_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiszaeszlár Affair">Tiszaeszlár blood libel</a>, found later to be unrelated to Jews, was known as the first major anti-Jewish event in modern Hungary, predating <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Baráth's speech caused controversy among Jobbik MPs: some – despite finding it inappropriate and uncalled-for – stated that in a mature democracy there should not be taboo topics, while leaders of the Jobbik Parliamentary Group told the media that they had evaluated the speech and learnt the lesson that they should care more about what their MPs say. After the incident, Baráth was not re-elected and is no longer an MP of Jobbik.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> In November 2012, while evaluating the latest news on the controversial <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pillar_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Pillar of Defense">Israeli military action in the Gaza strip</a>, the party's deputy parliamentary leader, <a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si_M%C3%A1rton" class="extiw" title="hu:Gyöngyösi Márton">Márton Gyöngyösi</a>, stated in his speech in the Parliament: "I think such a conflict makes it timely to tally up people of Jewish ancestry who live here, especially in the Hungarian Parliament and the Hungarian government, who, indeed, pose a national security risk to Hungary."<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Gyöngyösi admitted immediately after his speech that he had composed his sentence wrongly, and that he meant to refer to MPs with Israeli-Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Double_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Double citizenship">double citizenship</a>, not to Jewish people. At the same time, Gyöngyösi offered an apology.<a href="#cite_note-mno.hu-180">[180]</a> As <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a> reported, the incident led to "international condemnation of Nazi-style policies and a protest outside the legislature in Budapest.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Around ten thousand Hungarians<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> in Budapest protested against Gyöngyösi's antisemitic remarks. All major Hungarian political parties took part in the protest. At the protest, <a href="/wiki/Attila_Mesterh%C3%A1zy" title="Attila Mesterházy">Attila Mesterházy</a>, the leader of the successor of the state party of the communist era, the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Socialist_Party" title="Hungarian Socialist Party">Hungarian Socialist Party</a>, described Jobbik as a "fascist possessions virus", while 5th district of Budapest mayor <a href="/wiki/Antal_Rog%C3%A1n" title="Antal Rogán">Antal Rogán</a>, representing the governing <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a> party, described Jobbik as "evil".<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Jewish organizations responded to Gyöngyösi's speech by describing it as a reintroduction of Nazism into the Hungarian parliament and by describing Jobbik as a <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> party.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In 2014, Tibor Ágoston, the deputy chairman of Jobbik's <a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hajd%C3%BA-Bihar_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Hajdú-Bihar County">Hajdú-Bihar County</a> organization, referred to the Holocaust as the "holoscam". Tamás Horovitz, the chairman of the Debrecen Jewish Congregation, and the mayor of Debrecen, <a href="/wiki/Lajos_K%C3%B3sa" title="Lajos Kósa">Lajos Kósa</a>, condemned Ágoston's remarks.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> Later, Ágoston harshly criticized Gábor Vona for not supporting Előd Novák and for cutting ties with the so-called "radicals" in the party.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_leader" title="Deputy leader">deputy leader</a> <a href="/wiki/El%C5%91d_Nov%C3%A1k" title="Előd Novák">Előd Novák</a> posted to his social media account on Facebook a picture of himself and his family next to a separate image of Rikardo Racz, the first newborn in Hungary of the year, who was born to a <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> family. In a comment on the pictures, he stated that the population of Hungarians would become a minority and suggested that the Romani population was the biggest problem facing Hungary. Novák's remarks were both condemned and supported. Novák later responded to the issue by refusing to apologize and suggesting that the family should apologize to him.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Előd Novák was forced by the party's parliamentary group to resign from his position as an MP in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> Now, he is a vocal critic of Jobbik's new policies. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Jewish_Congress_protest">World Jewish Congress protest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: World Jewish Congress protest">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jobbik-NewHungarianGuard-May2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jobbik-NewHungarianGuard-May2013.jpg/150px-Jobbik-NewHungarianGuard-May2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jobbik-NewHungarianGuard-May2013.jpg/225px-Jobbik-NewHungarianGuard-May2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jobbik-NewHungarianGuard-May2013.jpg/300px-Jobbik-NewHungarianGuard-May2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Members of the New Hungarian Guard stand at a Jobbik rally against a gathering of the <a href="/wiki/World_Jewish_Congress" title="World Jewish Congress">World Jewish Congress</a> in Budapest, 4 May 2013</figcaption></figure> On 4 May 2013, Jobbik members protested against the <a href="/wiki/World_Jewish_Congress" title="World Jewish Congress">World Jewish Congress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, claiming that the protest was against "a Jewish attempt to buy up <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>".<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Jobbik MP Enikő Hegedűs vociferously condemned both Israel and Jews at the rally as her husband, Lóránt Hegedűs Jr., stood nearby.<a href="#cite_note-churches_back_jews-192">[192]</a> An ordained minister in the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Hungary" title="Reformed Church in Hungary">Reformed Church in Hungary</a>, Lóránt Hegedűs himself had served in the National Assembly as an MP of the far-right nationalist <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Justice_and_Life_Party" title="Hungarian Justice and Life Party">Hungarian Justice and Life Party</a> from 1998 to 2002.<a href="#cite_note-extremists_religion-193">[193]</a> He invited Holocaust denier <a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a> to his Budapest church in 2007 as a "special guest",<a href="#cite_note-extremists_religion-193">[193]</a> and was also accused of antisemitism on several occasions for statements he made about Jews at Jobbik events. At a 2011 rally, he claimed that Jews orchestrated World War II and controlled the international media,<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> and a year prior alleged that the Hungarian government was secretly cooperating with <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> to facilitate an Israeli takeover of Hungary with the assistance of Hungarian Jews and mainstream churches.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> After his wife's statement regarding the World Jewish Congress, the Reformed Church launched an inquiry into the minister's conduct, with presiding bishop <a href="/wiki/Guszt%C3%A1v_B%C3%B6lcskei" title="Gusztáv Bölcskei">Gusztáv Bölcskei</a> denouncing Hegedűs's activism for Jobbik as a "permanent provocation" incompatible with scripture.<a href="#cite_note-churches_back_jews-192">[192]</a> President of Jobbik Gábor Vona later stated that he had criticized Zionism as a political idea, and pointed out that he understood the Hungarian Jewish community had to survive such traumas during the 20th century that make dialogue very hard. At the same time, he emphasized that he wanted to have harmonious relations with the Hungarian Jewish community.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_S._Lauder" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald S. Lauder">Ronald S. Lauder</a>, the leader of the World Jewish Congress, stated that some politicians who "made anti-Semitic statements in the past are still aligned with the party".<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_"Hanukkah_case"">The "Hanukkah case"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The "Hanukkah case"">edit</a>]</div> In December 2016, Gábor Vona, in addition to his Christmas greetings to the nation's churches, as a gesture sent his greetings to his Jewish compatriots on the occasion of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holidays</a>. Vona'a message raised controversy among Hungarian Jewish communities.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> Vona had already stated before that those, even party members, who had wanted to see Jobbik as a racist or antisemitic party had been wrong. However, Vona took responsibility for turning a blind eye in such situations earlier.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warnings_against_"EU_slavery"_and_ethnic_shift_in_Hungary">Warnings against "EU slavery" and ethnic shift in Hungary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Warnings against "EU slavery" and ethnic shift in Hungary">edit</a>]</div> Gábor Vona earlier said that Hungarians became slaves because the European Union had only wanted Hungary to enter the EU because of its cheap workforce.<a href="#cite_note-BPtimes-201">[201]</a> Vona also stated that "the number of Hungarians continues to fall while the gypsy population grows ever larger. This was not racism but a real social and economic problem. Anyone who doesn't understand this is not normal."<a href="#cite_note-BPtimes-201">[201]</a> In a 2016 inverview, Vona announced that he believed the EU also had some advantages.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> In a 2017 interview, Márton Gyöngyösi, deputy leader of the party's parliamentary group, pointed out that Jobbik seeks constructive reform of the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-mno.hu-180">[180]</a> In addition, Gyöngyösi also said that in order to have a more harmonized EU, maybe some national competencies, such as labor conditions and wage regulations, could be reconsidered. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_to_LGBT+_rights_as_"sexual_deviancy"">Opposition to LGBT+ rights as "sexual deviancy"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Opposition to LGBT+ rights as "sexual deviancy"">edit</a>]</div> Jobbik opposes the expansion of rights for LGBT people as contrary to their Christian-conservative model. The party maintains that the most important social unit is the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional family">traditional family</a>. In April 2012, Jobbik tried to introduce a bill into the Hungarian parliament that would change the national constitution to allegedly "protect public morals and the mental health of the young generations" by banning the popularization of "sexual deviancy". The legislation was drafted by party spokesman Ádám Mirkóczki. This was to target "homosexuality, sex changes, transvestitism, bisexuality and paedophile behaviour". The proposed amendments would criminalise anyone who "popularizes their sexual relations—deviancy—with another person of the same sex, or other disturbances of sexual behaviour, before the wider public". The penalty would be three years in prison, or five years if 'popularizing' is done in front of minors. The draft legislation ultimately failed to pass.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> In 2021 Viktor Orban's Fidesz government passed a similar Law to the 2012 Jobbik one, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_anti-LGBT_law" title="Hungarian anti-LGBT law">Hungarian anti-LGBT law</a>. Jobbik has consistently opposed the annual Budapest Gay Pride march, on the grounds that it was "anti-Hungarian and anti-Christian". In 2014 right-wing protestors affiliated with Jobbik and the 64 Counties movement shouted homophobic remarks and suggested that LGBT persons should be taken to the gas chambers.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_for_Miklós_Horthy">Support for Miklós Horthy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Support for Miklós Horthy">edit</a>]</div> Hungary continues to grapple with the <a href="/wiki/Hungary_between_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary between the World Wars">interwar period</a> and the legacy of the one-time <a href="/wiki/Regent_of_Hungary" title="Regent of Hungary">Regent of Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Miklós Horthy</a>. Jobbik, like other right and centre-right parties in Hungary, supported a balanced view, appreciating the positive elements of the consolidation after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and Trianon trauma. On 3 November 2013, Márton Gyöngyösi and other Jobbik members unveiled a bronze bust of Horthy, a nationalist admiral who served as Regent from 1920 to 1944, in front of the "Church of Homecoming" in downtown Budapest's <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Square_(Budapest)" title="Liberty Square (Budapest)">Liberty Square</a>, where Lóránt Hegedűs served as pastor.<a href="#cite_note-bishop_alarmed-204">[204]</a> The ceremony drew strong public and official condemnations over the legacy of Horthy, who <a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">led Hungary</a> into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1941 on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> (which the country had officially <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact#Hungary" title="Tripartite Pact">joined</a> the previous year). Many Hungarians thus see Horthy as a source of deep national shame and as a Nazi collaborator, complicit in the murder of half a million Hungarian Jews in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">the Holocaust in Hungary</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Others, however, revere him as a national hero, ostensibly for guiding the country to stability in its chaotic interwar period; at the ceremony, Gyöngyösi proclaimed Horthy "the greatest Hungarian statesman of the 20th century".<a href="#cite_note-reuters_horthy-205">[205]</a> Several thousand individuals — some of whom had pinned <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">yellow Stars of David</a> on their clothing – came out to protest against the statue, and were met by a smaller crowd of far-right protesters near the church who responded with antisemitic and racist slurs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Mayor Antal Rogán condemned Jobbik's move as a "political provocation" that would allow the "western European left-wing press" to unfairly characterise Hungary as being plagued by antisemitic extremists. Hegedűs, who had already hung a portrait of Horthy by his church's entrance well prior to the statue's installation,<a href="#cite_note-extremists_religion-193">[193]</a> defended Horthy's legacy to journalists after the unveiling, calling it "unjust and historically wrong" to implicate the former leader in crimes against humanity because he was suspected, not prosecuted, at the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_horthy-205">[205]</a> In light of the furore over the statue, church officials announced that they would launch another official probe into Hegedűs's political activities.<a href="#cite_note-bishop_alarmed-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turanism_affiliation">Turanism affiliation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Turanism affiliation">edit</a>]</div> Jobbik had been affiliated with Turanism in the past<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> and has been criticised as a "Turanist Trojan Horse in Europe" by the European media.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In 2013, the party's former leader <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Vona" title="Gábor Vona">Gábor Vona</a> stated that he attached great importance to Turkish PM's Hungary visit by saying "As descendants of Turks, we value this visit".<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> Another act of goodwill of Jobbik towards Turkey and Azerbaijan, two fundamental actors in hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turan</a>, is that Jobbik's submission of a motion that aimed to "condemn the <a href="/wiki/Khojaly_massacre" title="Khojaly massacre">genocide committed by the Armenian forces in Khojaly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">Armenian aggression against Azerbaijan</a>" to the Hungarian National Assembly as <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si" title="Márton Gyöngyösi">Márton Gyöngyösi</a>, who would later become leader of Jobbik, stated in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> While he was the leader of Jobbik, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Vona" title="Gábor Vona">Vona</a> was hosted in four universities in Turkey to give speeches in conferences. He emphasised the common ancestry of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a> explicitly by stating "We believe closer relations with Turkey will only benefit Europe. We do not agree with those parties that display an anti-Turkish and anti-Islamic stance. Turkey presents us with new opportunities. Turks and Hungarians share the same roots. Both are descendants of the Huns. If we stand against the Turks we will be standing against our own roots. The Turks are our brothers" as well as the importance of cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_performance">Electoral performance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Electoral performance">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_and_electoral_success">Growth and electoral success</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Growth and electoral success">edit</a>]</div> The party faced its first electoral test with the coming of the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009 European parliamentary elections</a>. The election's results shocked their opponents:<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> with the party sending three <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a> to <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">Strasbourg</a>; coming close to equal in number of votes with the governing <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Socialist_Party" title="Hungarian Socialist Party">Hungarian Socialist Party</a> (MSZP) while eliminating their liberal coalition partner <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" title="Alliance of Free Democrats">Alliance of Free Democrats</a> (SZDSZ), to become the nation's third largest party.<a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-212">[212]</a> In London on 16 May 2008, the delegation of Jobbik's Committee of Foreign Affairs met <a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Nick Griffin</a>, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a>. They discussed cooperation between the two parties, and the elections for the European Parliament. Griffin spoke at the party rally in August 2008, while former vice-president Zoltán Füzessy is presently resident in <a href="/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend">Gravesend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, England.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_European_National_Movements" title="Alliance of European National Movements">Alliance of European National Movements</a> (AENM) was formed in Budapest on 24 October 2009. The alliance's founding members were Jobbik (the Alliance was established during their sixth party congress), France's <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a>, UK's <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> Italy's <a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Flame" title="Tricolour Flame">Tricolour Flame</a>, Sweden's <a href="/wiki/National_Democrats_(Sweden)" title="National Democrats (Sweden)">National Democrats</a> and Belgium's <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (Belgium)">National Front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Since January 2014 <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kov%C3%A1cs_(politician,_1960)" title="Béla Kovács (politician, 1960)">Béla Kovács</a> has been its president.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Since then Jobbik officially quit AENM and cut all ties with the members of the alliance. On 12 April 2015, Jobbik's Lajos Rig defeated the <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a> candidate in a parliamentary by-election in <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m_County" title="Veszprém County">Veszprém County</a>. It was the second by-election lost by Fidesz after the national 2014 elections, leaving the ruling Fidesz-KDNP coalition two short of the parliamentary supermajority (kétharmad).<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> On 14 March 2017 Jobbik started close cooperation with Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/IMRO_%E2%80%93_Bulgarian_National_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement">VMRO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservative_People%27s_Party_of_Estonia" title="Conservative People's Party of Estonia">Estonian Conservative People's Party</a> and Croatian GO! as well as with trade unions, such as the Polish Solidarność 80, in the framework of the Wage Union European Citizens' Initiative.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍]<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_Hungarian_parliamentary_elections">2014 Hungarian parliamentary elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 2014 Hungarian parliamentary elections">edit</a>]</div> In November 2013, the party leader <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Vona" title="Gábor Vona">Gábor Vona</a> expressed optimism about the election saying that the party planned "no less than election victory in 2014". He argued that Jobbik candidates had been faring well in local elections and that opinion surveys had showed that Jobbik was the most popular party among voters aged under 35.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> The party has prepared its election programme dubbed "We'll say it, we'll solve it", which focuses on guaranteeing people a livelihood, safety and order. Vona said his party would initiate a referendum on protecting Hungarian land and on amending Hungary's European Union accession treaty.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> On 26 January 2014, Vona held a rally in London where he sharply criticised the election law for preventing Hungarians living abroad from voting by mail at the parliamentary election.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Election results">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Assembly"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">National Assembly</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: National Assembly">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th colspan="2">SMCs </th> <th colspan="2">MMCs </th> <th rowspan="2">Seats </th> <th rowspan="2">+/– </th> <th rowspan="2">Status </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2006 Hungarian parliamentary election">2006</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[a]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1vid_Kov%C3%A1cs" title="Dávid Kovács">Dávid Kovács</a> </td> <td>92,798 </td> <td>1.72% (#6) </td> <td>119,007 </td> <td>2.20% (#5) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 386<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000000; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2010_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Hungarian parliamentary election">2010</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Vona" title="Gábor Vona">Gábor Vona</a> </td> <td>836,774 </td> <td>16.36% (#3) </td> <td>855,436 </td> <td>16.67% (#3) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">47 / 386<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000000; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 47 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th colspan="2">Constituency </th> <th colspan="2">Party list </th> <th rowspan="2">Seats </th> <th rowspan="2">+/– </th> <th rowspan="2">Status </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Hungarian parliamentary election">2014</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Vona" title="Gábor Vona">Gábor Vona</a> </td> <td>1,000,637 </td> <td>20.39 (#3) </td> <td>1,020,476 </td> <td>20.22 (#3) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">23 / 199<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000000; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 24 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Hungarian parliamentary election">2018</a> </th> <td>1,276,840 </td> <td>23.20 (#2) </td> <td>1,092,806 </td> <td>19.06 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">26 / 199<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000000; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="2022 Hungarian parliamentary election">2022</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[b]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_Jakab" title="Péter Jakab">Péter Jakab</a> </td> <td>1,983,708 </td> <td>36.90 (#2) </td> <td>1,947,331 </td> <td>34.44 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">10 / 199<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #047B60; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 16 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> Run as part of the <a href="/wiki/MI%C3%89P%E2%80%93Jobbik_Third_Way_Alliance_of_Parties" title="MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties">MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties</a> coalition. </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> Run as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_for_Hungary" title="United for Hungary">United for Hungary</a> coalition. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: European Parliament">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>List leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th> <th>EP Group </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2009 European Parliament election in Hungary">2009</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Krisztina_Morvai" title="Krisztina Morvai">Krisztina Morvai</a> </td> <td>427,773 </td> <td>14.77 (#3) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">3 / 22<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000000; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">NI</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2014 European Parliament election in Hungary">2014</a> </th> <td>340,287 </td> <td>14.67 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">3 / 21<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000000; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2019 European Parliament election in Hungary">2019</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si" title="Márton Gyöngyösi">Márton Gyöngyösi</a> </td> <td>220,184 </td> <td>6.34 (#5) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 21<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000000; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2024 European Parliament election in Hungary">2024</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_R%C3%B3na" title="Péter Róna">Péter Róna</a> </td> <td>45,404 </td> <td>0.99 (#7) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 21<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #047B60; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td> <td>− </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>† 2009 Seat winners: <dl><dd><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Krisztina_Morvai" title="Krisztina Morvai">Krisztina Morvai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Balcz%C3%B3" title="Zoltán Balczó">Zoltán Balczó</a> – His seat EP was taken over by <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kov%C3%A1cs_(politician,_1960)" title="Béla Kovács (politician, 1960)">Béla Kovács</a>, when he became a member of the Hungarian Parliament in May 2010.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Csan%C3%A1d_Szegedi" title="Csanád Szegedi">Csanád Szegedi</a> – He left the party in July 2012.</li></ol></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd>† 2014 Seat winners: <dl><dd><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Krisztina_Morvai" title="Krisztina Morvai">Krisztina Morvai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Balcz%C3%B3" title="Zoltán Balczó">Zoltán Balczó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kov%C3%A1cs_(politician,_1960)" title="Béla Kovács (politician, 1960)">Béla Kovács</a> – He left the party in December 2017.</li></ol></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd>† 2019 Seat winner: <dl><dd><ol><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si" title="Márton Gyöngyösi">Márton Gyöngyösi</a></li></ol></dd></dl></dd></dl> Mayoral, the last elections was in 2019: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna%C3%BAjv%C3%A1ros" title="Dunaújváros">Dunaújváros</a> – Tamás Pintér (since 2019)<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eger" title="Eger">Eger</a> – Ádám Mirkóczki (since 2019)<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encs" title="Encs">Encs</a> – Gergely Mikola (since 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1szber%C3%A9ny" title="Jászberény">Jászberény</a> – Lóránt Budai (since 2019)<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisherend" title="Kisherend">Kisherend</a> – Zsolt Varga (since 2016)<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93zd" title="Ózd">Ózd</a> – Dávid Janiczak (since 2014)<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szentes" title="Szentes">Szentes</a> – Zoltán Ferenc Szabó (since 2019)<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapolca" title="Tapolca">Tapolca</a> – Zoltán Dobó (since 2014)<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_leaders">History of leaders</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: History of leaders">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Entered office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Length of Leadership </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1vid_Kov%C3%A1cs" title="Dávid Kovács">Dávid Kovács</a> </td> <td>24 October 2003 </td> <td>25 November 2006 </td> <td>3 years, 1 month and 1 day </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Gabor_vona_2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gabor_vona_2017.png/60px-Gabor_vona_2017.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gabor_vona_2017.png/90px-Gabor_vona_2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gabor_vona_2017.png/120px-Gabor_vona_2017.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="782" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Vona" title="Gábor Vona">Gábor Vona</a> </td> <td>25 November 2006 </td> <td>12 May 2018 </td> <td>11 years, 5 months and 17 days </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sneidertamas2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Sneidertamas2014.jpg/60px-Sneidertamas2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Sneidertamas2014.jpg/90px-Sneidertamas2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Sneidertamas2014.jpg/120px-Sneidertamas2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="1838" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sneider" title="Tamás Sneider">Tamás Sneider</a> </td> <td>12 May 2018 </td> <td>25 January 2020 </td> <td>1 year, 8 months and 13 days </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Jakab_P%C3%A9ter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jakab_P%C3%A9ter.jpg/60px-Jakab_P%C3%A9ter.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jakab_P%C3%A9ter.jpg/90px-Jakab_P%C3%A9ter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jakab_P%C3%A9ter.jpg/120px-Jakab_P%C3%A9ter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="227" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_Jakab" title="Péter Jakab">Péter Jakab</a> </td> <td>25 January 2020 </td> <td>8 June 2022 </td> <td>2 years, 4 months and 14 days </td></tr> <tr> <th>– </th> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anita_Potocsk%C3%A1n%C3%A9_K%C5%91r%C3%B6si" title="Anita Potocskáné Kőrösi">Anita Potocskáné Kőrösi</a> (acting) </td> <td>8 June 2022 </td> <td>2 July 2022 </td> <td>23 days </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si_Sejm_2016.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si_Sejm_2016.JPG/60px-M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si_Sejm_2016.JPG" decoding="async" width="60" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si_Sejm_2016.JPG/90px-M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si_Sejm_2016.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si_Sejm_2016.JPG/120px-M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si_Sejm_2016.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4629" data-file-height="6737" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rton_Gy%C3%B6ngy%C3%B6si" title="Márton Gyöngyösi">Márton Gyöngyösi</a> </td> <td>2 July 2022 </td> <td>29 June 2024 </td> <td>1 year, 11 months and 27 days </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Adorj%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Béla Adorján (page does not exist)">Béla Adorján</a> </td> <td>29 June 2024 </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td>4 months and 30 days </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Membership">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: lightgrey;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The number of members of Jobbik</div> </th></tr> <tr> <th width="60">Year </th> <th width="30">Membership </th></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />5200<a href="#cite_note-auto3-232">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10000<a href="#cite_note-auto3-232">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />12430<a href="#cite_note-auto3-232">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />17226<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />17927<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />13000<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKovács2013" class="citation book cs1">Kovács, András (2013). The Post-Communist Extreme Right: The Jobbik Party in Hungary. London/New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 223–234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-343-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-343-6"><bdi>978-1-78093-343-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Post-Communist+Extreme+Right%3A+The+Jobbik+Party+in+Hungary&rft.place=London%2FNew+York&rft.pages=223-234&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78093-343-6&rft.aulast=Kov%C3%A1cs&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A1s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVida2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vida, István (2011). "Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom (Jobbik)". Magyarországi politikai pártok lexikona (1846–2010) [Encyclopedia of the Political Parties in Hungary (1846–2010)] (in Hungarian). Gondolat Kiadó. pp. 362–365. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-693-276-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-693-276-3"><bdi>978-963-693-276-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jobbik+Magyarorsz%C3%A1g%C3%A9rt+Mozgalom+%28Jobbik%29&rft.btitle=Magyarorsz%C3%A1gi+politikai+p%C3%A1rtok+lexikona+%281846%E2%80%932010%29+%5BEncyclopedia+of+the+Political+Parties+in+Hungary+%281846%E2%80%932010%29%5D&rft.pages=362-365&rft.pub=Gondolat+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-963-693-276-3&rft.aulast=Vida&rft.aufirst=Istv%C3%A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Tove H. Malloy, Joseph Marko. Minority Governance in and beyond Europe: Celebrating 10 Years of the European Yearbook of Minority Issues. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2014. p. 208. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Peter Parycek. CeDEM 12 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government 3–4 May 2012 Danube-University Krems, Austria. 2012. p. 233. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> William M. Downs. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. p. 191. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Charles Asher Small. Global Antisemitism: A Crisis of Modernity. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2013. p. 226 </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nol.hu/belfold/kezd-osszeesett-az-mszp-a-part-hallgat-a-tagletszamrol-1625233">"Kezd összeesni az MSZP, a párt inkább hallgat a taglétszámról"</a>. nol.hu. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kezd+%C3%B6sszeesni+az+MSZP%2C+a+p%C3%A1rt+ink%C3%A1bb+hallgat+a+tagl%C3%A9tsz%C3%A1mr%C3%B3l&rft.pub=nol.hu&rft.date=2016-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnol.hu%2Fbelfold%2Fkezd-osszeesett-az-mszp-a-part-hallgat-a-tagletszamrol-1625233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hagalil.com/2019/06/mi-hazank/">"JOBBIKs Erben"</a>. haGalil. 10 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haGalil&rft.atitle=JOBBIKs+Erben&rft.date=2019-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hagalil.com%2F2019%2F06%2Fmi-hazank%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumann2018" class="citation news cs1">Baumann, Meret (23 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzz.ch/international/ungarns-staerkste-oppositionspartei-in-existenziellen-noeten-ld.1405641">"Jobbik ist die stärkste Oppositionspartei in Ungarn und eine potenzielle Gefahr für Orban. Jetzt steckt sie in existenziellen Nöten"</a>. Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Retrieved 14 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neue+Z%C3%BCrcher+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Jobbik+ist+die+st%C3%A4rkste+Oppositionspartei+in+Ungarn+und+eine+potenzielle+Gefahr+f%C3%BCr+Orban.+Jetzt+steckt+sie+in+existenziellen+N%C3%B6ten&rft.date=2018-07-23&rft.aulast=Baumann&rft.aufirst=Meret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzz.ch%2Finternational%2Fungarns-staerkste-oppositionspartei-in-existenziellen-noeten-ld.1405641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonhard2020" class="citation news cs1">Leonhard, Ralf (23 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taz.de/Corona-in-Ungarn/!5670497/">"Orbán will per Dekret regieren"</a>. Die Tageszeitung: Taz. Retrieved 14 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Tageszeitung%3A+Taz&rft.atitle=Orb%C3%A1n+will+per+Dekret+regieren&rft.date=2020-03-23&rft.aulast=Leonhard&rft.aufirst=Ralf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaz.de%2FCorona-in-Ungarn%2F%215670497%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/hungarian-opposition-starts-finger-pointing-over-problematic-candidates/">"Hungarian opposition starts finger-pointing over problematic candidates"</a>. Euractiv. 27 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hungarian+opposition+starts+finger-pointing+over+problematic+candidates&rft.pub=Euractiv&rft.date=2021-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Fpolitics%2Fshort_news%2Fhungarian-opposition-starts-finger-pointing-over-problematic-candidates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210615-hungary-passes-law-banning-promotion-of-homosexuality-to-minors">"Hungary passes law banning 'promotion' of homosexuality to minors"</a>. 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Radical Twenty-First Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy. Palgrave MacMillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-01349-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-01349-0"><bdi>978-0-230-01349-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Twenty-First+Century+Populism%3A+The+Spectre+of+Western+European+Democracy&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-230-01349-0&rft.aulast=Albertazzi&rft.aufirst=Daniele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-auto5-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-10">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecpm.info/news/ecpm-welcomes-three-new-member-parties.html">"ECPM welcomes three new member parties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="European Christian Political Movement">ECPM</a>. 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Praeger. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97258-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97258-5"><bdi>0-275-97258-5</bdi></a>. <q>[including the nations of the former Soviet Union] Hungarian and Russian minorities are the largest minority groups in Europe, about one-tenth of all Russians and a quarter of Magyars live outside Russia and Hungary, respectively.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy%2C+ethnic+diversity%2C+and+security+in+post-communist+Europe&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-275-97258-5&rft.aulast=Inder+Singh&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnU3bO8uiBn0C%26q%3DMagyar%2Band%2BRussian%2Bminorities%2Bare%2Bthe%2Blargest%2Bminority%2Bgroups%2Bin%2BEurope%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/253103.pdf">"Romania 2015 Human Rights Report"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 19 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wageunion.eu&rft.atitle=Our+Declaration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wageunion.eu%2Fen%2Four-declaration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_97-1">b</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/sites/default/files/Jobbik-Party-Fact-Sheet-final.pdf">The Jobbik Party in Hungary: History and Background</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210219172012/https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/sites/default/files/Jobbik-Party-Fact-Sheet-final.pdf">Archived</a> 2021-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Human Rights First, December 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303025452/http://zuglo.jobbik.hu/miert_alakult_meg_a_jobbik_magyarorszagert_mozgalom_part">Miért alakult meg a Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom-párt (Why was the Movement for a Better Hungary founded?)</a>, zuglo.jobbik.hu (Hungarian), 2008-06-01, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zuglo.jobbik.hu/miert_alakult_meg_a_jobbik_magyarorszagert_mozgalom_part">the original</a> on 2012-03-03, retrieved 2009-08-17</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mi%C3%A9rt+alakult+meg+a+Jobbik+Magyarorsz%C3%A1g%C3%A9rt+Mozgalom-p%C3%A1rt+%28Why+was+the+Movement+for+a+Better+Hungary+founded%3F%29&rft.pub=zuglo.jobbik.hu+%28Hungarian%29&rft.date=2008-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzuglo.jobbik.hu%2Fmiert_alakult_meg_a_jobbik_magyarorszagert_mozgalom_part&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPongrácz2003" class="citation cs2">Pongrácz, Gergely (2003-10-24), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110407070723/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Q7vVCfo-hY">Pongrátz Gergely megható beszéde a Jobbik alakuló gyűlésén (Gergely Pongrácz's moving speech to the Jobbik founding conference)</a>, youtube.com (Hungarian @ 6:25), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Q7vVCfo-hY">the original</a> on 2011-04-07, <q>The torch is now falling from our hands, it is you who must take it up, that spirit, those values, for which so many brothers-in-arms died in '56. It is you who must take it onward. (A fáklya kiesik a kezünkből, nektek kel átvenni, azt a szellemiséget, azokat az eszméket, amiért 56-ba olyan sok bajtársunk halt meg. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revacern.eu/exchange-programme/EP-paper%20szilagyi.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2011-07-20. <q>The other case, which drew the attention of the public, is the country‐wide cross erecting "actions" of JOBBIK Party during Christmas, which started in 2003... 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Retrieved 2024-08-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ECPM&rft.atitle=ECPM+welcomes+three+new+member+parties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecpm.info%2Fnews%2Fecpm-welcomes-three-new-member-parties.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeBor2009" class="citation cs2">LeBor, Adam (2009-06-09), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604170213/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article6457752.ece">"Jobbik: Meet the BNP's fascist friends in Hungary"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, London, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article6457752.ece">the original</a> on June 4, 2011, <q>Jobbik strongly denies that it is anti-Semitic and has condemned the Holocaust. "We are not against anyone, just for Hungary," its leaders say.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Jobbik%3A+Meet+the+BNP%27s+fascist+friends+in+Hungary&rft.date=2009-06-09&rft.aulast=LeBor&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farticle6457752.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStancil2009" class="citation cs2">Stancil, Jordan (2009-06-12), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/doc/20090629/stancil">Jobbik Rising</a>, thenation.com, <q>Jobbik denies accusations of racism or antisemitism</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jobbik+Rising&rft.pub=thenation.com&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft.aulast=Stancil&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Fdoc%2F20090629%2Fstancil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807190021/http://www.javno.com/en-world/racist-violence-flares-in-central-and-eeurope_206180">Racist Violence Flares In Central And E.Europe</a>, javno.com, 2008-11-21, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.javno.com/en-world/racist-violence-flares-in-central-and-eeurope_206180">the original</a> on 2018-08-07, retrieved 2009-08-19</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racist+Violence+Flares+In+Central+And+E.Europe&rft.pub=javno.com&rft.date=2008-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.javno.com%2Fen-world%2Fracist-violence-flares-in-central-and-eeurope_206180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2008" class="citation cs2">Moore, Matthew (2008-11-10), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3416496/Hungarian-extremist-running-far-right-website-from-UK.html">"Hungarian extremist running far-right website from UK"</a>, Telegraph, London, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3416496/Hungarian-extremist-running-far-right-website-from-UK.html">archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-12, <q>When confronted at his home by the newspaper, Mr Fuzessy insisted he was not claiming benefits in the UK and denied Jobbik was fascist. "My party is radical but it is patriotic, not nationalist," he said. "Millions in Hungary support us. Those who call us Nazis are just communists."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph&rft.atitle=Hungarian+extremist+running+far-right+website+from+UK&rft.date=2008-11-10&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F3416496%2FHungarian-extremist-running-far-right-website-from-UK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810093412/http://www.politics.hu/20090513/jobbik-confident-of-winning-ep-seat-party-leader-says/">"Jobbik confident of winning EP seat, party leader says"</a>. politics.hu (source: <a href="/wiki/Magyar_T%C3%A1virati_Iroda" title="Magyar Távirati Iroda">MTI</a>). 2009-05-13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politics.hu/20090513/jobbik-confident-of-winning-ep-seat-party-leader-says">the original</a> on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2009-08-17. <q>The party is embroiled in legal action against the liberal Free Democrats, which recently branded the party as "Neo-Nazi", a label which Jobbik vigorously denies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jobbik+confident+of+winning+EP+seat%2C+party+leader+says&rft.pub=politics.hu+%28source%3A+MTI%29&rft.date=2009-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politics.hu%2F20090513%2Fjobbik-confident-of-winning-ep-seat-party-leader-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGergely2007" class="citation cs2">Gergely, Andras (2007-03-22), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/gc04/idUSEIC24386320070322">Che's the man for Hungary's young Socialists</a>, reuters.com</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Che%27s+the+man+for+Hungary%27s+young+Socialists&rft.pub=reuters.com&rft.date=2007-03-22&rft.aulast=Gergely&rft.aufirst=Andras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fgc04%2FidUSEIC24386320070322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph1-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph1_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2009" class="citation news cs1">Freeman, Colin (2009-05-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/5372983/Feminine-face-of-Hungarys-far-Right-Jobbik-movement-seeks-MEPs-seat.html">"Feminine face of Hungary's far-Right Jobbik movement seeks MEP's seat"</a>. London: The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/5372983/Feminine-face-of-Hungarys-far-Right-Jobbik-movement-seeks-MEPs-seat.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2009-06-07. <q>Like her party, Dr Morvai denies being antisemitic, homophobic, or racist in any way, dismissing such criticisms as the "favourite topics" of an "ignorant and misled" European Union. But magazines supportive of her party's aims openly play on such fears. One publication available at the venue of a Jobbik press conference last week contained an item entitled "Who decides?" on Hungary's future. The non-Jobbik options were either a dreadlocked Jew, a pair of naked homosexuals, or a dark-skinned thug.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Feminine+face+of+Hungary%27s+far-Right+Jobbik+movement+seeks+MEP%27s+seat&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Feu%2F5372983%2FFeminine-face-of-Hungarys-far-Right-Jobbik-movement-seeks-MEPs-seat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoHu-161"><a href="#cite_ref-PoHu_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721113347/http://www.politics.hu/20090605/outrage-over-obscene-antisemitic-internet-post-by-morvai/">"Outrage over obscene anti-Semitic Internet post by Morvai"</a>. 2009-06-05. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politics.hu/20090605/outrage-over-obscene-antisemitic-internet-post-by-morvai">the original</a> on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2009-06-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outrage+over+obscene+anti-Semitic+Internet+post+by+Morvai&rft.date=2009-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politics.hu%2F20090605%2Foutrage-over-obscene-antisemitic-internet-post-by-morvai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-haaretz-162"><a href="#cite_ref-haaretz_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLahav2009" class="citation web cs1">Lahav, Yehuda (2009-06-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1090959.html">"Hungarian Jews should stick to playing with their circumcised tails"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hungarian+Jews+should+stick+to+playing+with+their+circumcised+tails&rft.pub=Haaretz&rft.date=2009-06-07&rft.aulast=Lahav&rft.aufirst=Yehuda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F1090959.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guard1-163"><a href="#cite_ref-Guard1_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraynor2009" class="citation news cs1">Traynor, Ian (2009-06-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/jun/07/rightwing-hungary-european-election">"Rightwingers set to wipe out leaders of Hungarian revolution"</a>. The Guardian. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Rightwingers+set+to+wipe+out+leaders+of+Hungarian+revolution&rft.date=2009-06-07&rft.aulast=Traynor&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2009%2Fjun%2F07%2Frightwing-hungary-european-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-redux-164"><a href="#cite_ref-redux_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland2009" class="citation cs2">Holland, Adam (2009-07-12), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adamholland.blogspot.com/2009/07/hungarian-fascists-on-rise-make-common.html">Hungarian fascists redux</a>, adamholland.blogspot.com</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungarian+fascists+redux&rft.pub=adamholland.blogspot.com&rft.date=2009-07-12&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadamholland.blogspot.com%2F2009%2F07%2Fhungarian-fascists-on-rise-make-common.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cfca-165"><a href="#cite_ref-cfca_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antisemitism.org.il/eng/events/40741/Hungary-ObsceneantisemiticinternetpostbyMorvai">Hungary – Obscene antisemitic internet post by Morvai</a>, The Coordinating Forum for Countering Antisemitism, 2009-06-07</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungary+%E2%80%93+Obscene+antisemitic+internet+post+by+Morvai&rft.pub=The+Coordinating+Forum+for+Countering+Antisemitism&rft.date=2009-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antisemitism.org.il%2Feng%2Fevents%2F40741%2FHungary-ObsceneantisemiticinternetpostbyMorvai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-macleans-166"><a href="#cite_ref-macleans_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteyn2009" class="citation cs2">Steyn, Mark (2009-06-18), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/2009/06/18/why-the-fascists-are-winning-in-europe/">Mark Steyn on why the fascists are winning in Europe</a>, macleans.ca</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mark+Steyn+on+why+the+fascists+are+winning+in+Europe&rft.pub=macleans.ca&rft.date=2009-06-18&rft.aulast=Steyn&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2F2009%2F06%2F18%2Fwhy-the-fascists-are-winning-in-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-econ1-167"><a href="#cite_ref-econ1_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13871359">"Hungary's opposition: A nasty party"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, 2009-06-18</cite><span 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Retrieved 27 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+Hungary+Media+Group&rft.atitle=Vona%2C+in+London+speech%2C+promises+jobs+at+home+to+expat+Hungarians%2C+slams+government+for+curbs+on+voting+abroad&rft.date=2014-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politics.hu%2F20140126%2Fvona-in-london-speech-promises-jobs-at-home-to-expat-hungarians-slams-government-for-curbs-on-voting-abroad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alfahir.hu/2019/11/22/kallo_gergely_pinter_tamas_idokozi_valasztas_dunaujvaros">"Dunaújváros: Kálló Gergely válthatja Pintér Tamás polgármestert az Országgyűlésben"</a>. alfahir.hu (in Hungarian). 22 November 2019. 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HEOL (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2020-05-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HEOL&rft.atitle=Mirk%C3%B3czki+%C3%81d%C3%A1m+lett+Eger+polg%C3%A1rmestere&rft.date=2019-10-13&rft.aulast=Megosztom&rft.aufirst=2019-ES+%C3%96NKORM%C3%81NYZATI+V%C3%81LASZT%C3%81SOK+2019+10+13+22%3A52&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heol.hu%2Fonkormanyzati-valasztasok-2019%2Fhelyi-valasztasi-hirek%2Fmirkoczki-adam-lett-eger-polgarmestere-1993140%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPéter2019" class="citation web cs1">Péter, Uj (2019-11-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://444.hu/2019/11/10/hatalmas-gyozelmet-aratott-a-jobbikos-ellenzeki-jelolt-a-megismetelt-jaszberenyi-polgarmester-valasztason">"Hatalmas győzelmet aratott a jobbikos ellenzéki jelölt a megismételt jászberényi polgármester-választáson"</a>. 444. 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Retrieved 2020-05-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alfahir.hu&rft.atitle=Sokan+visszat%C3%A9rtek+a+Jobbik+t%C3%A1bor%C3%A1ba&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falfahir.hu%2F2019%2F10%2F16%2F2019_es_onkormanyzati_valasztas_elemzes_statisztika_jobbik_dk_momentum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valasztas.hu/dyn/onk14/szavossz/hu/M05/T226/tjk.html">"Ózd települési választás eredményei"</a>. Nemzeti Választási Iroda.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%93zd+telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9si+v%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s+eredm%C3%A9nyei&rft.pub=Nemzeti+V%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1si+Iroda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valasztas.hu%2Fdyn%2Fonk14%2Fszavossz%2Fhu%2FM05%2FT226%2Ftjk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÁgi" class="citation web cs1">Ági, Nagy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radio88.hu/szabo-zoltan-ferenc-gyozott-szentesen-bedo-tamas-pedig-csongradon/">"Szabó Zoltán Ferenc győzött Szentesen, Bedő Tamás pedig Csongrádon"</a>. Rádió 88 Szeged. Retrieved 2020-05-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=R%C3%A1di%C3%B3+88+Szeged&rft.atitle=Szab%C3%B3+Zolt%C3%A1n+Ferenc+gy%C5%91z%C3%B6tt+Szentesen%2C+Bed%C5%91+Tam%C3%A1s+pedig+Csongr%C3%A1don&rft.aulast=%C3%81gi&rft.aufirst=Nagy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio88.hu%2Fszabo-zoltan-ferenc-gyozott-szentesen-bedo-tamas-pedig-csongradon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valasztas.hu/dyn/onk14/szavossz/hu/M19/T188/tjk.html">"Tapolca települési választás eredményei"</a>. Nemzeti Választási Iroda.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tapolca+telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9si+v%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s+eredm%C3%A9nyei&rft.pub=Nemzeti+V%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1si+Iroda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valasztas.hu%2Fdyn%2Fonk14%2Fszavossz%2Fhu%2FM19%2FT188%2Ftjk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-232">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_232-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_232-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_232-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerenc2011" class="citation web cs1">Ferenc, Hajba (May 14, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nol.hu/belfold/nem_partoljuk_a_parttagsagot_-1069921">"Nem pártoljuk a párttagságot"</a>. NOL.hu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOL.hu&rft.atitle=Nem+p%C3%A1rtoljuk+a+p%C3%A1rttags%C3%A1got&rft.date=2011-05-14&rft.aulast=Ferenc&rft.aufirst=Hajba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnol.hu%2Fbelfold%2Fnem_partoljuk_a_parttagsagot_-1069921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blikk.hu/aktualis/te-parttag-vagy-ez-ma-mar-eleg-ciki/vmfbwvp">"Te párttag vagy? Ez ma már elég ciki!"</a>. Blikk. November 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blikk&rft.atitle=Te+p%C3%A1rttag+vagy%3F+Ez+ma+m%C3%A1r+el%C3%A9g+ciki%21&rft.date=2015-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blikk.hu%2Faktualis%2Fte-parttag-vagy-ez-ma-mar-eleg-ciki%2Fvmfbwvp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttila2016" class="citation web cs1">Attila, Kálmán T. (July 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nol.hu/belfold/kezd-osszeesett-az-mszp-a-part-hallgat-a-tagletszamrol-1625233">"Kezd összeesni az MSZP, a párt inkább hallgat a taglétszámról"</a>. NOL.hu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOL.hu&rft.atitle=Kezd+%C3%B6sszeesni+az+MSZP%2C+a+p%C3%A1rt+ink%C3%A1bb+hallgat+a+tagl%C3%A9tsz%C3%A1mr%C3%B3l&rft.date=2016-07-27&rft.aulast=Attila&rft.aufirst=K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnol.hu%2Fbelfold%2Fkezd-osszeesett-az-mszp-a-part-hallgat-a-tagletszamrol-1625233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810202020/http://azonnali.hu/cikk/20190618_felrazott-az-ep-valasztas-es-belepnel-valamelyik-partba-elmondjuk-hogyan-kell">"Felrázott az EP-választás, és belépnél valamelyik pártba? Elmondjuk, hogyan kell!"</a>. Azonnali. June 18, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azonnali.hu/cikk/20190618_felrazott-az-ep-valasztas-es-belepnel-valamelyik-partba-elmondjuk-hogyan-kell">the original</a> on August 10, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azonnali&rft.atitle=Felr%C3%A1zott+az+EP-v%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s%2C+%C3%A9s+bel%C3%A9pn%C3%A9l+valamelyik+p%C3%A1rtba%3F+Elmondjuk%2C+hogyan+kell%21&rft.date=2019-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fazonnali.hu%2Fcikk%2F20190618_felrazott-az-ep-valasztas-es-belepnel-valamelyik-partba-elmondjuk-hogyan-kell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJobbik" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jobbik.hu/">Official website</a> (Hungarian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jobbik.com/">Official website</a> (English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9833313">Changing of the Garda</a> An article in The Economist about the Hungarian far right</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jobbik.hu/index.php?oldal=hir&hirkat_id=20&hir_id=2866">Deed of Foundation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107175143/https://jobbik.hu/index.php?oldal=hir&hirkat_id=20&hir_id=2866">Archived</a> 7 November 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Hungarian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hvg.hu/english/20051017nationalistright.aspx">"Third way" platform: The nationalist right gets together</a> (HVG)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Hungary&#124;link=Hungary_Political_parties_in_Hungary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hungarian_political_parties" title="Template:Hungarian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hungarian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Hungarian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Hungary&#124;link=Hungary_Political_parties_in_Hungary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hungary" title="List of political parties in Hungary">Political parties in Hungary</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">National Assembly</a> (199)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union</a> (117)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_(Hungary)" title="Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary)">Christian Democratic People's Party</a> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Coalition_(Hungary)" title="Democratic Coalition (Hungary)">Democratic Coalition</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum Movement</a> (10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Socialist_Party" title="Hungarian Socialist Party">Hungarian Socialist Party</a> (10)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jobbik</a> (10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Homeland_Movement" title="Our Homeland Movement">Our Homeland Movement</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_for_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialogue for Hungary">Dialogue for Hungary</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_Can_Be_Different" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics Can Be Different">Politics Can Be Different</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=On_the_People%27s_Side&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On the People's Side (page does not exist)">On the People's Side</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_Movement" title="Spark Movement">Spark Movement</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Self-Government_of_Germans_in_Hungary" title="National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary">German Self-Government</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Not represented*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Two_Tailed_Dog_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Two Tailed Dog Party">Hungarian Two Tailed Dog Party</a> (3.27%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solution_Movement" title="Solution Movement">Solution Movement</a> (1.04%)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_of_Normal_Life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party of Normal Life (page does not exist)">Party of Normal Life</a> (0.70%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yes_Solidarity_for_Hungary_Movement" title="Yes Solidarity for Hungary Movement">Yes Solidarity for Hungary Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Workers%27_Party" title="Hungarian Workers' Party">Hungarian Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Response" title="Civic Response">Civic Response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">Hungarian Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Start_(Hungary)" title="New Start (Hungary)">New Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Hungary" title="Social Democratic Party of Hungary">Social Democratic Party of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Hungary_2006_%E2%80%93_European_Left" title="Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 – European Left">Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 – European Left</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motherland_Party_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motherland Party (Hungary) (page does not exist)">Motherland Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ReforMers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ReforMers (page does not exist)">ReforMers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_-_Our_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prayer - Our Party (page does not exist)">Prayer - Our Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Reform_Era_Party" title="Second Reform Era Party">Second Reform Era Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everybody%27s_Hungary_People%27s_Party" title="Everybody's Hungary People's Party">Everybody's Hungary People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TISZA_%E2%80%93_Respect_and_Freedom_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party">TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party</a></li></ul> * Limit for parties to join the National Assembly in Hungary is 5 % of popular votes </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> (21)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union</a> (10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TISZA_%E2%80%93_Respect_and_Freedom_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party">TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Coalition_(Hungary)" title="Democratic Coalition (Hungary)">Democratic Coalition</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Homeland_Movement" title="Our Homeland Movement">Our Homeland Movement</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_(Hungary)" title="Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary)">Christian Democratic People's Party</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of ruling political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Politics of Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Christian_Political_Movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#3356D3;color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="Template:European Christian Political Movement"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:European_Christian_Political_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:European Christian Political Movement (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Christian Political Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Christian_Political_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="European Christian Political Movement">European Christian Political Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3356D3;color:white;width:1%">National parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Member_parties_(EU)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3356D3;color:white;width:1%">Member parties (<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Party_of_Austria" title="Christian Party of Austria">CPÖ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/VIA,_the_Way_of_the_People" title="VIA, the Way of the People">VIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_C_%E2%80%93_Christians_for_Germany" title="Alliance C – Christians for Germany">AUF & PBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Family_Party_of_Germany" title="Family Party of Germany">FAMILIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jobbik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Dignity_Alliance" title="Human Dignity Alliance">HDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Action" title="Identity and Action">IDeA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Power_(Latvia)" title="Sovereign Power (Latvia)">SV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia_First" title="Latvia First">LPV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Christian_Democracy_Party" title="Lithuanian Christian Democracy Party">LKDP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Lithuania)" title="Christian Union (Lithuania)">KS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/ABBA_(political_party)" title="ABBA (political party)">ABBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">CU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">SGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Real_Politics_Union" title="Real Politics Union">UPR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right_Wing_of_the_Republic" title="Right Wing of the Republic">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Monarchist_Party_(Portugal)" title="People's Monarchist Party (Portugal)">PPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_Slovaks_and_Czechs_of_Romania" title="Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs of Romania">UDSCR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_National_Peasants%27_Party" title="Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party">PNȚ-CD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Conservative_Party" title="Romanian National Conservative Party">PNCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Slovakia)" title="Christian Union (Slovakia)">KÚ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contigo_Mas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contigo Mas (page does not exist)">Mas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valores (page does not exist)">Valores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Values_Party_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Values Party Sweden (page does not exist)">KV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3356D3;color:white;width:1%">Associated parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland">EVP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3356D3;color:white;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peeter_V%C3%B5su" title="Peeter Võsu">Peeter Võsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_%C3%96stman" title="Peter Östman">Peter Östman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branislav_%C5%A0kripek" title="Branislav Škripek">Branislav Škripek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriu_Ghile%C5%A3chi" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeriu Ghileţchi">Valeriu Ghileţchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3356D3;color:white;width:1%">Associate organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Youth_Network" title="European Christian Political Youth Network">European Christian Political Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_Academy_for_Integrity_in_Leadership&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Political Academy for Integrity in Leadership (page does not exist)">Political Academy for Integrity in Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%27axent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C'axent (page does not exist)">C'axent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SGP-International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SGP-International (page does not exist)">SGP-International</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundation_for_International_Christian_Democratic_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundation for International Christian Democratic Development (page does not exist)">Foundation for International Christian Democratic Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#3356D3;color:white"><div><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation">European political foundation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sallux" title="Sallux">Sallux</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145669208">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2004307510">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20100323016&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987010350069605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&oldid=1257825100">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jobbik&oldid=1257825100</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jobbik" title="Category:Jobbik">Jobbik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_establishments_in_Hungary" title="Category:2003 establishments in Hungary">2003 establishments in Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_nationalism" title="Category:Hungarian nationalism">Hungarian nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nationalist_parties_in_Hungary" title="Category:Nationalist parties in Hungary">Nationalist parties in Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parties_represented_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Category:Parties 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