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Syrien: Luftangriffe treffen Zivilisten | Human Rights Watch
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</ul></div></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="clear-block"> <div class="node clear-block node-page ntype-news"> <div class="header"> <h6 class="node-title"> <a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/de/news/2013/04/10/syrien-luftangriffe-treffen-zivilisten" title="Syrien: Luftangriffe treffen Zivilisten">Syrien: Luftangriffe treffen Zivilisten</a> </h6> </div> <h6 class="node-subtitle">59 völkerrechtswidrige Angriffe im Norden Syriens dokumentiert</h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">10. April 2013</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fde%2Fnews%2F2013%2F04%2F10%2Fsyrien-luftangriffe-treffen-zivilisten&count=horizontal&via=&text=Syrien%3A%20Luftangriffe%20treffen%20Zivilisten&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fde%2Fnews%2F2013%2F04%2F10%2Fsyrien-luftangriffe-treffen-zivilisten" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810/http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fde%2Fnews%2F2013%2F04%2F10%2Fsyrien-luftangriffe-treffen-zivilisten&layout=button_count&show_faces=false&action=like&colorscheme=light&width=90&height=21&font=&locale=" title="I Like it" class="service-links-facebook-like" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Facebook Like</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-printmail last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/de/printmail/news/2013/04/10/syrien-luftangriffe-treffen-zivilisten" title="Send to a friend" class="service-links-printmail" rel="nofollow"><img src="/web/20130501031810im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/themes/hrw/images/icons/mail.png" width="21" height="22"/> Email</a></li> </ul></div><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-images"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-nodereference-related-images view-id-nodereference_related_images view-display-id-block_2 view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2012_Syria_airstrikes.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p><p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Bulldozer räumen Trümmer vor dem Dar-al-Shifa-Krankenhaus in Aleppo im Norden Syriens; 22. November 2012. Die syrische Regierung behauptet, das Krankenhaus habe als "Versteck für Terroristen" gedient und ließ es ohne Vorwarnung angreifen. Das Krankenhaus und seine unmittelbare Umgebung wurden mindestens acht Mal getroffen.</p></p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2012_Syria_airstrikes.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><div><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2012_Syria_airstrikes.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile]" class="image-enlarge">Enlarge</a></div> <p><p> </p> <p>Bulldozer räumen Trümmer vor dem Dar-al-Shifa-Krankenhaus in Aleppo im Norden Syriens; 22. November 2012. Die syrische Regierung behauptet, das Krankenhaus habe als "Versteck für Terroristen" gedient und ließ es ohne Vorwarnung angreifen. Das Krankenhaus und seine unmittelbare Umgebung wurden mindestens acht Mal getroffen.</p> </p></div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2012 Getty Images</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-news-related-report"> <div class="field-label">Our Report: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-press-release-report view-id-press_release_report view-display-id-reference_field_1 view-block-about-this-report view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-reportsynopsis-cover-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/de/node/114622" class="imagecache imagecache-scale-crop-75w-100h imagecache-linked imagecache-scale-crop-75w-100h_linked"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-crop-75w-100h/media/images/report-covers/syria0413_reportcover400.jpg" class="imagecache imagecache-scale-crop-75w-100h"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/04/10/death-skies">Death from the Skies</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-reportsynopsis-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Deliberate and Indiscriminate Air Strikes on Civilians</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">10. April 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-report-synopsis-pdf-fid"> <label class="views-label-field-report-synopsis-pdf-fid"> Get the report: </label> <div class="field-content"><div class="filefield-file"><img class="filefield-icon field-icon-application-pdf" alt="application/pdf Symbol" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/filefield/icons/application-pdf.png"/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/syria0413webwcover_1.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=676931" title="syria0413webwcover.pdf">Download the full report</a></div></div> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/de/node/114622">Go to report home »</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> „In einem Dorf nach dem anderen trafen wir auf Zivilisten, die voller Angst vor der Luftwaffe ihres eigenen Landes sind. Diese völkerrechtswidrigen Luftangriffe haben viele Zivilisten getötet und verletzt und eine Spur von Zerstörung, Angst und Vertreibung hinterlassen.“ </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> Ole Solvang, Experte für Krisenregionen </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>(Aleppo) - Die syrische Luftwaffe hat wiederholt willkürlich, in einigen Fällen auch gezielt, Luftangriffe gegen Zivilisten durchgeführt. Diese Angriffe stellen schwere Verstöße gegen das humanitäre Völkerrecht (Kriegsrecht) dar. Personen, die solche Verletzungen mit krimineller Absicht begehen, machen sich eines Kriegsverbrechens schuldig.</p> <p>Der 80-seitige Bericht „<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/04/11/death-skies-0">Death from the Skies: Deliberate and Indiscriminate Air Strikes on Civilians</a>“ basiert auf Recherchen an 50 Orten in den oppositionell kontrollierten Teilen der Provinzen Aleppo, Idlib und Latakia, die von Luftangriffen der Regierung getroffen wurden. Zudem wurden Interviews mit mehr als 140 Augenzeugen und Opfern durchgeführt. Die von Human Rights Watch dokumentierten Luftangriffe haben in ganz <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/middle-eastn-africa/syria">Syrien</a> seit Juli 2012 mehr als 4300 Zivilisten getötet.<br/> <br/> „In einem Dorf nach dem anderen trafen wir auf Zivilisten, die voller Angst vor der Luftwaffe ihres eigenen Landes sind“, so Ole Solvang, Experte für Krisenregionen bei Human Rights Watch, der die Ziele der Luftangriffe besuchte und viele der Opfer und Augenzeugen befragte. „Diese völkerrechtswidrigen Luftangriffe haben viele Zivilisten getötet und verletzt und eine Spur von Zerstörung, Angst und Vertreibung hinterlassen.“</p> <p>Medienberichte, Youtube-Videos und Informationen von Oppositionellen belegen, dass die syrische Regierung seit Juli 2012 täglich Luftangriffe in ganz Syrien durchführt.<br/> <iframe allowfullscreen="1" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810if_/http://www.youtube.com/embed/I56s9Cn_w3E?autohide=1&cc_load_poliy=1;wmode=transparent&" width="638"></iframe><br/> Die durch Vor-Ort-Recherchen und Zeugenbefragungen gesammelten Informationen von Human Rights Watch deuten darauf hin, dass die Regierungstruppen in acht Fällen gezielte Angriffe auf insgesamt vier Bäckereien durchgeführt haben, in denen Zivilisten Schlange standen, um Brot zu kaufen. Weitere Bäckereien wurden mit Artillerie beschossen. Die wiederholten Luftangriffe auf zwei Krankenhäuser in den von Human Rights Watch besuchten Regionen legen nahe, dass die Regierung auch diese Einrichtungen vorsätzlich attackierte. Während der Recherchen von Human Rights Watch wurden die beiden Krankenhäuser insgesamt sieben Mal angegriffen.<br/> <br/> Neben den Angriffen auf die Bäckereien und Krankenhäuser kam Human Rights Watch in 44 weiteren Fällen zu dem Schluss, dass die Luftangriffe nach humanitärem Völkerrecht unzulässig waren. Die syrischen Streitkräfte nutzten Instrumente und Methoden der Kriegsführung, die unter den gegebenen Umständen nicht zwischen Zivilisten und Kombattanten unterscheiden konnten und daher wahllos im Sinne des Völkerrechts waren, etwa ungelenkte, aus hoch fliegenden Hubschraubern abgeworfene Bomben.</p> <p>Bei den Angriffen, die Human Rights Watch dokumentierte, waren die Schäden an Einsatzzentralen der Opposition und anderen mutmaßlich militärischen Einrichtungen trotz zahlreicher ziviler Opfer gering. Nach Kenntnis von Human Rights Watch gab es unter den Rebellenkämpfern keine Todesopfer.</p> <p>So warf ein Kampfflugzeug am 7. November 2012 gegen ein Uhr mittags über der Stadt Akhtarin im Norden Aleppos zwei Bomben ab, die drei Häuser zerstörten und sieben Zivilisten töteten, darunter fünf Kinder. Bei dem Angriff wurden außerdem fünf Kleinkinder im Alter von weniger als fünf Jahren verletzt. Human Rights Watch konnte nur ein mögliches militärisches Ziel in der Nachbarschaft ausmachen, ein etwa 50 Meter entferntes Gebäude, das zur Zeit des Angriffs von Oppositionskämpfern genutzt wurde. Dieses Gebäude wurde jedoch bei einem nachfolgenden Angriff nur leicht beschädigt.</p> <p>Ein Nachbar, der nach dem Angriff zur Unglücksstelle eilte, berichtete gegenüber Human Rights Watch:</p> <blockquote> <p style="margin-left:28.35pt;">„Es war tragisch. Die Häuser hatten sich in einen Haufen Schutt verwandelt. Wir begannen, Leute herauszuziehen, nur mit den Händen und mit Schaufeln. Ein Schrank und eine Wand waren auf die Kinder gefallen. Sie waren noch am Leben, als wir sie fanden, aber sie starben, bevor wir sie zum Haus ihres Onkels bringen konnten. Es gibt hier kein Krankenhaus oder irgendeine medizinische Versorgung.“</p> </blockquote> <p>Zusätzlich zu den Angriffen auf Bäckereien und Krankenhäuser hatten einige von Human Rights Watch dokumentierte Angriffe möglicherweise vorsätzlich Zivilisten zum Ziel, insbesondere in jenen Fällen, in denen kein zulässiges militärisches Ziel in der Umgebung auszumachen war. Um zu dies abschließend zu klären, seien jedoch weitere Informationen notwendig, so Human Rights Watch.<br/> <br/> Zu den unzulässigen Angriffsmethoden der Regierung gehörte auch der Einsatz von Streumunition, die von den meisten Staaten aufgrund ihrer wahllosen Wirkung verboten wurde. Human Rights Watch hat seit Oktober 2012 den Einsatz von mehr als 150 Streubomben durch die syrische Regierung an 119 Orten <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/03/16/syria-mounting-casualties-cluster-munitions">dokumentier</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/03/16/syria-mounting-casualties-cluster-munitions">t</a>. Human Rights Watch dokumentierte zudem, dass die Regierung Brandbomben einsetzte, welche zumindest <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/12/syria-incendiary-weapons-used-populated-areas">in bewohnten Gebieten verboten sein sollten</a>.<br/> <br/> Die Verpflichtung, zivile Schäden so gering wie möglich zu halten, gilt für alle Konfliktparteien. Die Freie Syrische Armee (FSA) und andere bewaffnete syrische Oppositionsgruppen haben bisher nicht alle Möglichkeiten ausgeschöpft, die Stationierung von Truppen oder die Verortung von Einrichtungen wie Kommandozentralen innerhalb oder nahe dicht besiedelter Gebiete zu vermeiden. Ungeachtet dessen ist die angreifende Konfliktpartei niemals von der Verpflichtung befreit, die Risiken eines Angriffs für Zivilisten sorgfältig abzuwägen, auch wenn eine andere Konfliktpartei militärische Einrichtungen innerhalb oder in der Nähe von Wohngebieten unterhält.<br/> <br/> Human Rights Watch konnte ausschließlich betroffene Orte in den Rebellengebieten im Norden Syriens besuchen, da die Regierung den Zugang zum Rest des Landes verweigerte. Obwohl weitere Untersuchungen notwendig sind, deuten Interviews mit Augenzeugen und Opfern von Luftangriffen in anderen Teilen des Landes darauf hin, dass es dort zu illegalen Angriffen nach ähnlichem Muster gekommen ist.<br/> <br/> Als Reaktion auf den Bericht forderte Human Rights Watch verstärkte internationale Anstrengungen für ein Ende der gezielten, wahllosen oder unverhältnismäßigen Luftschläge und aller anderen Angriffe auf Zivilisten, einschließlich des Einsatzes von Streumunition, ballistischen Raketen, Brandbomben und großflächig wirkenden Waffen in besiedelten Gebieten. Die von Human Rights Watch gesammelten Informationen sollten zudem dazu genutzt werden, die Verantwortlichen für diese Verbrechen zur Rechenschaft zu ziehen.</p> <p>Angesichts der stichhaltigen Beweise dafür, dass die syrische Regierung Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit begeht, appelliert Human Rights Watch an Regierungen und Unternehmen, den Verkauf und die Lieferung von Waffen, Munition und Material nach Syrien unverzüglich und solange zu unterbinden, bis die syrische Regierung diese Verbrechen beendet. Die internationale Gemeinschaft soll insbesondere den Irak dazu anhalten, den Transit von Waffen aus Russland oder dem Iran nach Syrien zu verhindern. Zu diesem Zweck soll die irakische Regierung auch unabhängige und unparteiische Beobachter ins Land lassen, die Konvois und Flugzeuge inspizieren, welche den Irak auf dem Land- oder Luftweg in Richtung Syrien durchqueren.<br/> <br/> „Der Sicherheitsrat hat es versäumt, sinnvolle Schritte zum Schutz der Zivilbevölkerung in Syrien zu veranlassen, was zum großen Teil am russischen und chinesischen Doppel-Veto liegt“, so Solvang. „Doch das sollte andere Regierungen nicht davon abhalten, ihr eigenes Engagement zu verstärken und die syrische Regierung zu einem Ende dieser Menschenrechtsverletzungen zu drängen.“</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_ar first"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2013/04/10-1" title="سوريا – الغارات الجوية تضرب المدنيين" class="translation-link">العربية</a></li> <li class="node_translation_zh-hans"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2013/04/11-0" title="叙利亚:平民常因空袭遇害" class="translation-link">中文</a></li> <li class="node_translation_en"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/04/10/syria-aerial-attacks-strike-civilians" title="Syria: Aerial Attacks Strike Civilians" class="translation-link">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_fr"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/04/10/syrie-les-frappes-aeriennes-font-frequemment-des-victimes-civiles" title="Syrie: Les frappes aériennes font fréquemment des victimes civiles" class="translation-link">Français</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ja"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2013/04/11-0" title="シリア:一般市民への空襲" class="translation-link">日本語</a></li> <li class="node_translation_pt-br"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/node/114778" title="Síria: Civis São Vítimas Frequentes de Ataques Aéreos" class="translation-link">Portuguese, Brazil</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ru"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/ru/news/2013/04/10/siriya-zhertvami-avianaletov-stanovyatsya-mirnye-zhiteli" title="Сирия: жертвaми авианалетов становятся мирные жители" class="translation-link">Русский</a></li> <li class="node_translation_es"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2013/04/10/siria-numerosos-civiles-entre-las-victimas-de-ataques-aereos" title="Siria: Numerosos civiles entre las víctimas de ataques aéreos" class="translation-link">Español</a></li> <li class="node_translation_tr last"><a href="/web/20130501031810/http://www.hrw.org/node/114766" title="Suriye: Siviller Hava Saldırılarının Olağan Kurbanı" class="translation-link">Turkish</a></li> </ul></div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul class="links"><li class="service-links-facebook first"><a 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