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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Hulpwerkwoord" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Hulpwerkwoord" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Hulpwerkwoord" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Hulpwerkwoord" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tipes_hulpwerkwoorde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipes_hulpwerkwoorde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tipes hulpwerkwoorde</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tipes_hulpwerkwoorde-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Tipes hulpwerkwoorde subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tipes_hulpwerkwoorde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hulpwerkwoord_van_tyd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hulpwerkwoord_van_tyd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hulpwerkwoord van tyd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hulpwerkwoord_van_tyd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modale_hulpwerkwoorde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modale_hulpwerkwoorde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Modale hulpwerkwoorde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modale_hulpwerkwoorde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Epistemiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epistemiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Epistemiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epistemiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deontiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deontiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Deontiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deontiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1._Bevele/versoeke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1._Bevele/versoeke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>1. Bevele/versoeke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1._Bevele/versoeke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2._Toekomsverwysing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2._Toekomsverwysing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.2</span> <span>2. Toekomsverwysing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2._Toekomsverwysing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3._Gewoonte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3._Gewoonte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.3</span> <span>3. Gewoonte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3._Gewoonte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4._Begeerte/wens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4._Begeerte/wens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.4</span> <span>4. Begeerte/wens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4._Begeerte/wens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5._Toestemming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5._Toestemming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.5</span> <span>5. Toestemming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5._Toestemming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dinamiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinamiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Dinamiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinamiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sintaktiese_gebruik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sintaktiese_gebruik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sintaktiese gebruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sintaktiese_gebruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hulpwerkwoord</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 44 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfsverb" title="Hilfsverb – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hilfsverb" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbo_auxiliar" title="Verbo auxiliar – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Verbo auxiliar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb-skoazella%C3%B1" title="Verb-skoazellañ – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Verb-skoazellañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb_auxiliar" title="Verb auxiliar – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Verb auxiliar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomocn%C3%A9_sloveso" title="Pomocné sloveso – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pomocné sloveso" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lpeudsagnsord" title="Hjælpeudsagnsord – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hjælpeudsagnsord" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfsverb" title="Hilfsverb – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hilfsverb" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%B7%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Βοηθητικό ρήμα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βοηθητικό ρήμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_verb" title="Auxiliary verb – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Auxiliary verb" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbo_auxiliar" title="Verbo auxiliar – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Verbo auxiliar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abitegus%C3%B5na" title="Abitegusõna – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abitegusõna" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aditz_laguntzaile" title="Aditz laguntzaile – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aditz laguntzaile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="فعل کمکی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فعل کمکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuverbi" title="Apuverbi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Apuverbi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbe_auxiliaire" title="Verbe auxiliaire – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Verbe auxiliaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helptiidwurd" title="Helptiidwurd – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Helptiidwurd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briathar_c%C3%BAnta" title="Briathar cúnta – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Briathar cúnta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8" title="פועל עזר – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פועל עזר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seg%C3%A9dige" title="Segédige – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Segédige" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Օժանդակ բայ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օժանդակ բայ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata_kerja_bantu" title="Kata kerja bantu – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kata kerja bantu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lpars%C3%B6gn" title="Hjálparsögn – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hjálparsögn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbo_ausiliare" title="Verbo ausiliare – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Verbo ausiliare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E_(%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="助動詞 (言語学) – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="助動詞 (言語学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%8F%99%EC%82%AC" title="조동사 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조동사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matoanteny_mpanampy" title="Matoanteny mpanampy – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Matoanteny mpanampy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Помошен глагол – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Помошен глагол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulpwerkwoord" title="Hulpwerkwoord – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hulpwerkwoord" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelpeverb" title="Hjelpeverb – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hjelpeverb" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelpeverb" title="Hjelpeverb – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjelpeverb" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czasownik_posi%C5%82kowy" title="Czasownik posiłkowy – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czasownik posiłkowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbo_auxiliar" title="Verbo auxiliar – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Verbo auxiliar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb_auxiliar" title="Verb auxiliar – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Verb auxiliar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Вспомогательный глагол – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вспомогательный глагол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbu_Ausiliari" title="Verbu Ausiliari – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Verbu Ausiliari" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_verb" title="Auxiliary verb – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Auxiliary verb" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo%C5%BEni_glagol" title="Pomožni glagol – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pomožni glagol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folja_ndihm%C3%ABse" title="Folja ndihmëse – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Folja ndihmëse" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lpverb" title="Hjälpverb – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hjälpverb" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitenzi_kikuu_kisaidizi" title="Kitenzi kikuu kisaidizi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitenzi kikuu kisaidizi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="துணைவினை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துணைவினை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_verb" title="Auxiliary verb – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Auxiliary verb" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="助動詞 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="助動詞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="助動詞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="助動詞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q465800#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p><b>Hulpwerkwoord</b>e in Afrikaans was, volgens Van Rooy (2017:265)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, oorspronklik net gewone of leksikale werkwoorde, maar deur middel van 'n proses van <a href="/wiki/Grammatikalisering" title="Grammatikalisering">grammatikalisering</a> het die oorspronklike betekenis vervaag. Dit beteken dat die hulpwerkwoord se betekenis nou bepaal word deur die grammatikale konstruksie (d.w.s. die plek in die sin) waarin die hulpwerkwoord optree en dus die funksie wat die hulpwerkwoord vervul.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die hulpwerkwoord word gedefinieer as 'n werkwoord soos <i>het</i>, <i>is</i>, <i>sal</i>, <i>sou</i>, ens. wat in verbinding met die infinitief of verlede deelwoord van 'n ander werkwoord gebruik word om tyd/wyse/aspek aan te dui.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipes_hulpwerkwoorde">Tipes hulpwerkwoorde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Tipes hulpwerkwoorde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tipes hulpwerkwoorde"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daar word hoofsaaklik tussen twee soorte hulpwerkwoorde onderskei, naamlik die <b>hulpwerkwoord van tyd</b> en <b>modale hulpwerkwoorde</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hulpwerkwoord_van_tyd">Hulpwerkwoord van tyd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Hulpwerkwoord van tyd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Hulpwerkwoord van tyd"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die hulpwerkwoord <i><b>het</b></i> word gebruik om die verlede tyd uit te druk en hierdie hulpwerkwoord kom saam met die [ge-]-vorm van die hoofwerkwoord voor<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, soos bv. Ek <b>het</b> 'n appel <b>ge</b>ëet. Dit is belangrik dat die hulpwerkwoord van tyd nie verwar word met <i>het</i> wat in sekere sinne sintakties as die <a href="/wiki/Werkwoord" title="Werkwoord">oorganklike hoofwerkwoord</a> optree nie. Vergelyk die volgende voorbeelde in die onderstaande kolom:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Ons bure <i>het</i> getrek. </td> <td>Ons bure <i>het</i> 'n kar. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ek <i>het</i> gewerk. </td> <td>Ek <i>het</i> werk. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Napoleon <i>het</i> geleef. </td> <td>Napoleon <i>het</i> 'n leër. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Die werkwoord <i>het</i> wat in die linkerkantste kolom verskyn, is die hulpwerkwoord van tyd. Die werkwoord <i>het</i> wat in die regterkantste kolom verskyn, is 'n oorganklike hoofwerkwoord.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die hulpwerkwoord van tyd word die maklikste geïdentifiseer deurdat die werkwoord wat daarop volg bestaan uit die morfeem [ge-] plus 'n hoofwerkwoord wat die verlede tyd aandui, soos bv. Hy <b>het ge</b>loop. Die hulpwerkwoord <i>word</i> (teenwoordige tyd) en <i>is</i> (verlede tyd) kombineer ook met die [ge-]-vorm om die <b><a href="/wiki/Werkwoordstyd_in_Afrikaans" title="Werkwoordstyd in Afrikaans">passief</a></b> te vorm.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modale_hulpwerkwoorde">Modale hulpwerkwoorde</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Modale hulpwerkwoorde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Modale hulpwerkwoorde"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die modale hulpwerkwoorde (soos <i>kan, mag, moet, sal, sou, wou</i>) pas die betekenis van die sin aan ten opsigte van die waarskynlikheid of wenslikheid van die gebeure daarin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die "modale" van <i>modale hulpwerkwoorde</i> dui daarop dat dié hulpwerkwoorde gebruik word in sinne waarin modaliteite, d.w.s. nie-werklikhede/nie-feitelikhede soos moontlikheid, waarskynlikheid, noodsaaklikheid en verpligting uitgedruk word.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Werklikheid/Feitelikheid </th> <th>Modaliteite </th></tr> <tr> <td>(1) Riaan lees nou die nuus. </td> <td>(2) Riaan <i>moet</i> nou die nuus lees. (verpligting) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>(3) Riaan <i>mag</i> nou die nuus lees. (toestemming) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>(4) Riaan <i>sal</i> nou die nuus lees. (toekomsverwysing) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Die sinne (2) tot (4) dui dus aan dat iets nog moet gebeur, terwyl sin (1) aandui dat die aksie reeds besig is om plaas te vind en dus 'n werklikheid/feit is. </p><p>Die modale hulpwerkwoorde <i>kan, mag, moet, sal</i> en <i>wil</i> het twee vorme: die teenwoordigetydsvorm en verledetydsvorm: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>kan </td> <td>kon </td></tr> <tr> <td>mag </td> <td>mog </td></tr> <tr> <td>moet </td> <td>moes </td></tr> <tr> <td>sal </td> <td>sou </td></tr> <tr> <td>wil </td> <td>wou </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Modale hulpwerkwoorde kan gebruik word om drie tipes betekenisse uit te druk, naamlik <b>(1) epistemies</b>, <b>(2) deonties</b> of <b>(3) dinamies</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierdie drie tipes betekenisse word hier onder in die volgende afdelings verder bespreek. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epistemiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde">Epistemiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Epistemiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Epistemiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Epistemiese betekenisse handel oor die graad van waarskynlikheid of sekerheid wat deur die modale hulpwerkwoord uitgedruk word ten opsigte van gebeure in die sin<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Volgens <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Ponelis" title="Fritz Ponelis">Fritz Ponelis</a> (1979:248)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> het die epistemiese modale hulpwerkwoorde veral te doen met die spreker se onderneming ten opsigte van die stelligheid (dus of dit beslis en seker is of nie) van 'n proposisie. Vergelyk die volgende voorbeelde (geneem en aangepas uit Ponelis, 1979:248<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) van epistemiese gebruik van die modale hulpwerkwoorde: </p> <ul><li>As hulle geen teëspoed kry nie, <b>behoort</b> hulle so teen vieruur hier te wees.</li> <li>Die vergadering <b>hoef</b> nie vanmiddag plaas te vind nie.</li> <li>Hulle <b>moet</b> seker trots wees op hul seun omdat hy so mooi presteer.</li> <li>Dit <b>kan</b> moontlik sy kantoor wees omdat ek sy stem hoor.</li></ul> <p>Epistemiese betekenisse kan dus opgesom word deur te stel dat iets so behoort te wees, dat iets nie so hoef te wees nie, of dat iets so kan/mag/moet/sal wees. Epistemiese modale hulpwerkwoorde word dikwels vergesel deur die woorde <i>moontlik/waarskynlik/seker</i>, soos gesien kan word in die voorbeelde: Dit kan <b>moontlik</b> sy kantoor wees omdat ek sy stem hoor; Hulle moet <b>seker</b> trots wees op hul seun omdat hy so mooi presteer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deontiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde">Deontiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Deontiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Deontiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deontiese betekenisse handel oor 'n verpligting wat op die spreker of 'n ander persoon, dikwels die aangesprokene, rus<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Volgens Carstens (1998:27)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> het deontiese waardes te doen met die gebeure, handeling of toestand wat deur die spreker uitgedruk word, en waaraan hy/sy hom/haar verbind, en die prototipiese deontiese waardes wat deur die vyf modale uitgedruk word, is soos volg: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><i>kan</i> </td> <td>vermoë; verlof, toestemming </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>mag</i> </td> <td>verlof, toestemming; vryheid; wens, versugting </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>moet</i> </td> <td>bevel, dwang, verpligting; wenslikheid </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>sal</i> </td> <td>voorneme; bevel, dwang, verpligting; belofte, versekering; toekomsverwysing, voorspelling; kenmerkendheid </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>wil</i> </td> <td>wens, begeerte; toekomsverwysing, voorspelling; neiging (veral by <a href="/wiki/Reduplikasie_(taalkunde)" title="Reduplikasie (taalkunde)">reduplikasie</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ponelis (1979:251-253)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dui die volgende gebruike van deontiese modale hulpwerkwoorde aan: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="1._Bevele/versoeke"><span id="1._Bevele.2Fversoeke"></span>1. Bevele/versoeke</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: 1. Bevele/versoeke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: 1. Bevele/versoeke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Moenie</b> vinnig hardloop nie.</li> <li>Jy <b>moet</b> nou jou kamer gaan skoonmaak.</li> <li>Ons vra dat jy dit asseblief <b>moet</b> doen.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="2._Toekomsverwysing">2. Toekomsverwysing</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: 2. Toekomsverwysing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: 2. Toekomsverwysing"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Die drawwers <b>sal</b> more die wedloop voltooi.</li> <li>Pas op, die kar <b>wil</b> gaan staan.</li> <li>Anette <b>sal</b> nog haar kans kry.</li></ul> <p>Volgens Ponelis (1979:252)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is modaliteit en toekomsverwysing nóú verbonde: die modale hulpwerkwoorde verwys na ongerealiseerde stande van sake (modaliteite) en hulle is dus by implikasie toekomsverwysend. Dit is van alle deontiese modale hulpwerkwoorde egter in die besonder <i>sal</i> en <i>wil</i> wat in sekere verbande (veral met nie-lewende en/of nie-eerstepersoonsonderwerpe) so na betekenis verbleek het, dat hulle suiwer toekomsverwysend gebruik word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="3._Gewoonte">3. Gewoonte</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: 3. Gewoonte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: 3. Gewoonte"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Piet <b>sal/kan</b> sommer sit en niks doen.</li> <li>Terwyl hy ry, <b>kan/sal</b> hy hom so aan alles verwonder dat hy skoon aan die verkeerde kant van die pad beland.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="4._Begeerte/wens"><span id="4._Begeerte.2Fwens"></span>4. Begeerte/wens</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: 4. Begeerte/wens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: 4. Begeerte/wens"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ag, as dit maar net <b>wil</b> ophou reën.</li> <li><b>Mag</b> jy hierdie jaar voorspoedig wees.</li> <li>Die voorsitter <b>wil</b> nou met die vergadering begin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="5._Toestemming">5. Toestemming</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: 5. Toestemming" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: 5. Toestemming"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>U <b>kan/mag</b> maar hier bly.</li> <li>Die kandidate <b>kan/mag</b> nie nou al weet wat die uitslag is nie.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dinamiese_gebruik_van_modale_hulpwerkwoorde">Dinamiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Dinamiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Dinamiese gebruik van modale hulpwerkwoorde"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dinamiese betekenisse handel oor die potensiaal of inherente vermoë van 'n persoon, of minder dikwels 'n ander entiteit in die sin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dinamiese modale hulpwerkwoorde is gerig op die onderwerp van die sin, en dui aan in watter mate die onderwerp in staat is om die handeling van die werkwoord te verrig.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierdie funksie word dikwels deur die hulpwerkwoord <i>kan</i> uitgedruk, soos gesien kan word in die volgende voorbeelde: </p> <ul><li>Ek <b>kan</b> nie net niks daaroor sê nie.</li> <li>Hy <b>kan</b> die werk verrig wat nodig is vir die taak.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sintaktiese_gebruik">Sintaktiese gebruik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Sintaktiese gebruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Sintaktiese gebruik"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van Rooy (2017:266)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> verduidelik dat hulpwerkwoorde nie op hulle eie gebruik word nie, maar afhanklike vorme is wat addisionele betekenislae tot die sin toevoeg in terme van die betekenis van die hoofwerkwoord. Die eerste hulpwerkwoord van die hoofsin word in die spilposisie geplaas, en ander hulpwerkwoorde (indien daar meerdere hulpwerkwoorde voorkom) word in die werkwoordkompleks aan die einde van die sin geplaas aan weerskante van die hoofwerkwoord – modale hulpwerkwoorde vóór die hoofwerkwoord, en ander hulpwerkwoorde ná die hoofwerkwoord.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werkwoord" title="Werkwoord">Werkwoorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werkwoordstyd_in_Afrikaans" title="Werkwoordstyd in Afrikaans">Werkwoordstyd in Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woordsoort" title="Woordsoort">Woordsoort</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">1,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3">1,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4">1,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5">1,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6">1,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-7">1,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-8">1,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-9">1,09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-10">1,10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-11">1,11</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Rooy, B. 2017. Afrikaanse sintaksis, funksioneel benader. (<i>In</i> Carstens, W.A.M. & Bosman, N. <i>reds</i>. Kontemporêre Afrikaanse Taalkunde. Pretoria: Van Schaik. pp. 251-297).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">HAT: Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal. 2015. 6de uitg. Kaapstad: Pearson Education.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Voorbeelde aangepas uit: Senekal, H.E.J., Ponelis, F.A. & De Klerk, W.J. 1972. Die Patroon van Afrikaans. Johannesburg: Afrikaanse Pers-boekhandel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-3">4,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-4">4,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-5">4,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ponelis, F.A. 1979. Afrikaanse Sintaksis. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carstens, A. 1998. Die grammatika van modale hulpwerkwoorde: hoe getrou is Afrikaanse handwoordeboeke? (<i>In</i> Gouws, R. & Feinauer, I. <i>reds</i>. Sintaksis op die voorgrond. Pretoria: JL van Schaik. pp. 23-35).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulpwerkwoord&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Bronne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carstens, A. 1998. Die grammatika van modale hulpwerkwoorde: hoe getrou is Afrikaanse handwoordeboeke? (<i>In</i> Gouws, R. & Feinauer, I. <i>reds.</i> Sintaksis op die voorgrond. Pretoria: JL van Schaik. pp. 23-35).</li> <li>HAT: Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal. 2015. 6de uitg. Kaapstad: Pearson Education.</li> <li>Ponelis, F.A. 1979. Afrikaanse Sintaksis. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik.</li> <li>Senekal, H.E.J., Ponelis, F.A. & De Klerk, W.J. 1972. Die Patroon van Afrikaans. Johannesburg: Afrikaanse Pers-boekhandel.</li> <li>Van Rooy, B. 2017. Afrikaanse sintaksis, funksioneel benader. (<i>In</i> Carstens, W.A.M. & Bosman, N. Kontemporêre Afrikaanse Taalkunde. 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