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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Steadicam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="استدی‌کم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استدی‌کم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%94%94%EC%BA%A0" title="스테디캠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스테디캠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9D" title="סטדיקאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטדיקאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A0" title="ステディカム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ステディカム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Steadicam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Стедикам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стедикам" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motion picture camera stabilizer mounts</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253811603">.mw-parser-output .ib-brand-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox hproduct ib-brand"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Steadicam</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size ib-brand-logo" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Steadicam_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Steadicam_logo.svg/220px-Steadicam_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Steadicam_logo.svg/330px-Steadicam_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Steadicam_logo.svg/440px-Steadicam_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="74" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Steadicam_and_operator_in_front_of_crowd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Steadicam_and_operator_in_front_of_crowd.jpg/220px-Steadicam_and_operator_in_front_of_crowd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Steadicam_and_operator_in_front_of_crowd.jpg/330px-Steadicam_and_operator_in_front_of_crowd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Steadicam_and_operator_in_front_of_crowd.jpg/440px-Steadicam_and_operator_in_front_of_crowd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A <a href="/wiki/Camera_operator" title="Camera operator">camera operator</a> using the Steadicam in front of an audience.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Product type</th><td class="infobox-data type"><a href="/wiki/Camera_stabilizer" title="Camera stabilizer">Camera stabilizer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data brand"><a href="/wiki/Tiffen_(company)" title="Tiffen (company)">Tiffen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">1975<span class="noprint">; 49 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1975</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Steadicam</b> is a brand of <a href="/wiki/Camera_stabilizer" title="Camera stabilizer">camera stabilizer</a> mounts for <a href="/wiki/Movie_camera" title="Movie camera">motion picture cameras</a> invented by <a href="/wiki/Garrett_Brown" title="Garrett Brown">Garrett Brown</a> and introduced in 1975 by <a href="/wiki/Cinema_Products_Corporation" title="Cinema Products Corporation">Cinema Products Corporation</a>. The Steadicam brand was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Tiffen_(company)" title="Tiffen (company)">Tiffen</a> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designed to isolate the <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">camera</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Camera_operator" title="Camera operator">camera operator's</a> movement, keeping the camera motion separate and controllable by a skilled operator. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steadicam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the camera stabilizing system, a director had a number of choices for moving (or "<a href="/wiki/Tracking_shot" title="Tracking shot">tracking</a>") shots: </p> <ol><li>The camera could be mounted on a <a href="/wiki/Camera_dolly" title="Camera dolly">dolly</a>, a wheeled mount that rolls on specialized tracks or a smooth surface.</li> <li>The camera could be mounted on a <a href="/wiki/Crane_shot" title="Crane shot">crane</a>, a counterweighted arm that could move the camera vertically and horizontally.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Camera_operator" title="Camera operator">camera operator</a> shot <a href="/wiki/Hand-held_camera" title="Hand-held camera">hand-held</a> which would produce footage suitable mostly for reportage used in <a href="/wiki/Documentaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Documentaries">documentaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/News" title="News">news</a>, or live action; for unrehearsed or practice footage; or for the evocation of authentic immediacy—e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">cinéma vérité</a></i> style—during dramatic sequences.</li></ol> <p>While these <a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques" title="Cinematic techniques">cinematic techniques</a> are still common, smooth and steady tracking shots with lighter weight camera systems was enabled with the creation of the Steadicam in 1975 by inventor and cameraman <a href="/wiki/Garrett_Brown" title="Garrett Brown">Garrett Brown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After completing the first working <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a>, which was called the "Brown Stabilizer", Brown created a ten-minute demo reel of the new <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a> techniques enabled by the Steadicam and was shown to numerous directors, including <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_G._Avildsen" title="John G. Avildsen">John G. Avildsen</a>. The Steadicam was subsequently licensed to and manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Cinema_Products_Corporation" title="Cinema Products Corporation">Cinema Products Corporation</a>, which later diversified the brand into a consumer line of Steadicams for light weight <a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a> cameras. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="YouTube logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/YouTube_2024.svg/93px-YouTube_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/YouTube_2024.svg/140px-YouTube_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/YouTube_2024.svg/186px-YouTube_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">First use of Steadicam</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0gYPsTtvFo">Bound For Glory Steadicam Shot</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Steadicam was first used in the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>–nominated <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a> biopic <i><a href="/wiki/Bound_for_Glory_(1976_film)" title="Bound for Glory (1976 film)">Bound for Glory</a></i> (1976).<sup id="cite_ref-steadicam30anniv_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadicam30anniv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">Cinematographer</a> <a href="/wiki/Haskell_Wexler" title="Haskell Wexler">Haskell Wexler</a> had Brown begin a shot on a fully elevated platform crane which <a href="/wiki/Jib_(camera)" title="Jib (camera)">jibbed</a> down, and when it reached the ground, Brown stepped off and walked the camera through the set. </p><p>Steadicams were then used extensively for chase scenes on the streets of New York City in <i><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Man_(film)" title="Marathon Man (film)">Marathon Man</a></i> (1976), which was released two months before <i>Bound for Glory</i>. The Steadicam's third picture was Avildsen's Best Picture–winning <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a></i> in 1976, where it was an integral part of the film's Philadelphia street jogging/training sequences and the run up the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Art Museum</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Steps" title="Rocky Steps">flight of stairs</a>. In many fight scenes a Steadicam was visible ringside, as well as during some <a href="/wiki/Wide_shot" title="Wide shot">wide shots</a> of the final fight. <i>Rocky</i> was also released before <i>Bound for Glory</i>. Garrett Brown was the Steadicam operator on all three films.<sup id="cite_ref-steadicam30anniv_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadicam30anniv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shining_(film)" title="The Shining (film)">The Shining</a></i> (1980) prompted further Steadicam innovation when director <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> requested that the camera shoot from barely above the floor. This necessitated the invention of "low mode", in which the top of the camera is mounted to the bottom of an inverted post, which substantially increased the creative angles of the system which previously could not go much lower than the operator's waist height.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferrara2001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferrara2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Steadicam rig was also employed during the filming of <i><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a></i> (1983), in conjunction with two <a href="/wiki/Gyroscope" title="Gyroscope">gyroscopes</a> for extra stabilization, to film the background plates for the <a href="/wiki/Speeder_bike" title="Speeder bike">speeder bike</a> chase. Brown walked through a redwood forest, with the camera running at a speed of less than one frame per second. The result, when projected at 24 frames per second, gave the impression of flying through the air at perilous speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EmpireOfDreams_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmpireOfDreams-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Runaway_(1984_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runaway (1984 film)">Runaway</a></i> (1984), a Steadicam rig was used to simulate the point of view of a futuristic smart bullet in flight while targeting specific individuals by their heat signature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steadicam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steadicam_Operator_John_Fry_with_Master_Steadicam_%26_Arri_Alexa_camera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Steadicam_Operator_John_Fry_with_Master_Steadicam_%26_Arri_Alexa_camera.jpg/170px-Steadicam_Operator_John_Fry_with_Master_Steadicam_%26_Arri_Alexa_camera.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Steadicam_Operator_John_Fry_with_Master_Steadicam_%26_Arri_Alexa_camera.jpg/255px-Steadicam_Operator_John_Fry_with_Master_Steadicam_%26_Arri_Alexa_camera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Steadicam_Operator_John_Fry_with_Master_Steadicam_%26_Arri_Alexa_camera.jpg/340px-Steadicam_Operator_John_Fry_with_Master_Steadicam_%26_Arri_Alexa_camera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="3702" /></a><figcaption>The larger Steadicams are designed to support <a href="/wiki/35mm_movie_film" class="mw-redirect" title="35mm movie film">35mm film</a> cameras, <a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital cinema camera">digital cinema cameras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> cameras.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LondonSmog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/LondonSmog.jpg/170px-LondonSmog.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/LondonSmog.jpg/255px-LondonSmog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/LondonSmog.jpg/340px-LondonSmog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>To film this recreated Victorian London street scene, the Steadicam operator is next to the lamp post, wearing a leather Steadicam vest.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Steadicam system includes a harness, known as the Steadicam vest, which the operator wears. This vest is connected to an <a href="/wiki/Iso-elastic" title="Iso-elastic">iso-elastic</a> arm, which in turn is linked to a multi-axis, ultra-low friction <a href="/wiki/Gimbal" title="Gimbal">gimbal</a>. Attached to the gimbal is the Steadicam "sled," which supports the camera at one end and counterbalancing weights—typically a monitor and batteries—at the other. The monitor serves as a substitute for the camera's <a href="/wiki/Viewfinder" title="Viewfinder">viewfinder</a>, which becomes unusable due to the camera's range of motion relative to the operator. The design ensures that the Steadicam remains upright by maintaining the bottom slightly heavier than the top, pivoting around the gimbal. This configuration allows the operator to control the <a href="/wiki/Center_of_mass" title="Center of mass">center of gravity</a> of the rig, regardless of its weight, through precise movements of the gimbal. The operator's skill lies in maintaining the desired framing and composition by delicately adjusting the gimbal's position, whether in motion or stationary.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The combined weight of the counterbalance and camera means that the armature bears a relatively high <a href="/wiki/Inertia" title="Inertia">inertial</a> mass which is not easily moved by small body movements from the operator. The freely pivoting armature adds additional stabilization to the photographed image, and makes the weight of the camera-sled assembly acceptable by allowing the body harness to support it. </p><p>When the armature is correctly balanced, operators can remove their hands from the Steadicam entirely and the camera stays in place. During operation, the Steadicam operator usually rests a hand on the camera gimbal and applies force at that point to move the camera. To avoid shaking the camera when lens adjustments are made, a wireless remote operated by the camera assistant is used to control focus and iris. </p><p>For low-angle shots, the Steadicam sled can be inverted vertically, putting the camera on the bottom, and the monitor and batteries on the top. This is referred to as <i>low mode</i> operation. </p><p>The newest generation is the Tango. A body-supported <a href="/wiki/Camera_stabilizer" title="Camera stabilizer">camera-stabilization-system</a>, its horizontal mechanism makes it possible to move the camera freely while staying horizontal. A Steadicam operator can change from low mode to high mode without any alteration. Dimensions are not limited to ups and downs, but also in depth and over or through obstacles. </p><p>The smallest, lightest Steadicam that can be used with a support arm and vest is the Merlin. Photographers who shoot with <a href="/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">HDSLR cameras</a> that combine still and motion photography most often work with the Merlin. Since the Merlin has no facility to carry a separate monitor, cameras suitable for it must have built-in monitors. </p><p>Steadicam introduced a camera mount for smartphones, called the Smoothee, in 2012. Marketed to consumers instead of video professionals, its tubular frame supports iPhone and Android phones that are 4.53" to 6.26" long by 2.32" to 3.27" wide (115 to 159 mm long by 59 to 83 mm wide).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An adapter can be used to fit a <a href="/wiki/GoPro" title="GoPro">GoPro camera</a> to it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steadicam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Academy Award <ul><li>1978 – <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> of Merit – Awarded to Garrett Brown (the Cinema Products Corporation; engineering staff under the supervision of John Jurgens) for the invention and development of Steadicam.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="American Society of Cinematographers">American Society of Cinematographers</a> <ul><li>2001 – President's Award, awarded to Garrett Brown</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Operating_Cameramen" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Operating Cameramen">Society of Camera Operators</a> <ul><li>1992 – Technical Achievement Award, awarded to Garrett Brown (and Cinema Products Corporation) for the Steadicam camera stabilizing system.</li> <li>2008 – Technical Achievement Award, awarded to Garrett Brown and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Holway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Holway (page does not exist)">Jerry Holway</a> (inventor) and <a href="/wiki/Tiffen_(company)" title="Tiffen (company)">Tiffen</a> (developer) for the Ultra2 Steadicam camera support system.</li></ul></li> <li>Steadicam Guild Life Achievement Award <ul><li>2012 – The Steadicam Guild's Life Achievement Award, awarded to Garrett Brown (inventor and Steadicam operator) for his invention of the Steadicam and his Steadicam work on nearly 100 major motion pictures.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla_Satellite_Award" title="Nikola Tesla Satellite Award">Nikola Tesla Satellite Award</a> <ul><li>2014 – Awarded to Garrett Brown for visionary achievement in filmmaking technology<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steadicam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_film" title="1976 in film">1976 in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Akeley" title="Carl Akeley">Carl Akeley</a>, invented gyroscope-mounted "pancake" camera</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_stabilization" title="Image stabilization">Image stabilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_generic_and_genericized_trademarks" title="List of generic and genericized trademarks">List of generic and genericized trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-V_AR" title="MK-V AR">MK-V AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panaglide" title="Panaglide">Panaglide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skycam" title="Skycam">Skycam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SnorriCam" title="SnorriCam">SnorriCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spidercam" title="Spidercam">Spidercam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibulo%E2%80%93ocular_reflex" title="Vestibulo–ocular reflex">Vestibulo–ocular reflex</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steadicam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMallia2011" class="citation web cs1">Mallia, Joseph (December 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsday.com/business/tiffen-enlists-steadicam-inventor-for-trade-show-u28652">"Tiffen enlists Steadicam inventor for trade show"</a>. <i>Newsday</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsday&rft.atitle=Tiffen+enlists+Steadicam+inventor+for+trade+show&rft.date=2011-12-27&rft.aulast=Mallia&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Fbusiness%2Ftiffen-enlists-steadicam-inventor-for-trade-show-u28652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteadicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stabilizer-news.com/garrett-brown-father-of-the-steadicam/">Stabilizer News</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-steadicam30anniv-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-steadicam30anniv_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steadicam30anniv_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051225070154/http://lserv2.dtopinc.com/tiffen/staging_html/tiffen_news_Steadicam30th_Anniv.html">"Steadicam Celebrates its 30th Anniversary at NAB 2005"</a> (Press release). Tiffen. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lserv2.dtopinc.com/tiffen/staging_html/tiffen_news_Steadicam30th_Anniv.html">the original</a> on December 25, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steadicam+Celebrates+its+30th+Anniversary+at+NAB+2005&rft.pub=Tiffen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flserv2.dtopinc.com%2Ftiffen%2Fstaging_html%2Ftiffen_news_Steadicam30th_Anniv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteadicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferrara2001-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferrara2001_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrara2001" class="citation book cs1">Ferrara, Serena (2001). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/steadicamtechniq00ferr_571"><i>Steadicam: techniques and aesthetics</i></a></span>. Oxford [u.a.]: Focal. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/steadicamtechniq00ferr_571/page/n40">26</a>–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-51607-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-51607-3"><bdi>978-0-240-51607-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steadicam%3A+techniques+and+aesthetics&rft.place=Oxford+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=26-31&rft.pub=Focal&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-240-51607-3&rft.aulast=Ferrara&rft.aufirst=Serena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsteadicamtechniq00ferr_571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteadicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, Garrett. "Return of the Jedi", <i><a href="/wiki/American_Cinematographer" title="American Cinematographer">American Cinematographer</a></i>, June 1983.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EmpireOfDreams-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EmpireOfDreams_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy</i> Star Wars Trilogy Box Set DVD documentary, [2004]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerryholway.com/manuals/">"Manuals"</a>. <i>Jerry Holway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerry+Holway&rft.atitle=Manuals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerryholway.com%2Fmanuals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteadicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170309192057/https://tiffen.com/steadicamsmoothee/">"Steadicam Smoothee Universal Camera Mount"</a>. <i>Tiffen</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tiffen.com/steadicamsmoothee/">the original</a> on March 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tiffen&rft.atitle=Steadicam+Smoothee+Universal+Camera+Mount&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftiffen.com%2Fsteadicamsmoothee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteadicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilday,_Gregg2014" class="citation web cs1">Kilday, Gregg (February 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/satellite-awards-12-years-a-682716">"Satellite Awards: '12 Years a Slave' Wins Best Motion Picture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Satellite+Awards%3A+%2712+Years+a+Slave%27+Wins+Best+Motion+Picture&rft.date=2014-02-23&rft.au=Kilday%2C+Gregg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fsatellite-awards-12-years-a-682716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteadicam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steadicam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jerry Holway et Laurie Hayball, <i>The Steadicam© Operator's Handbook</i>, éditions Focal Press</li> <li>Serena Ferrara, <i>Steadicam, Techniques and Aesthetics</i>, éditions Focal Press</li> <li>Ballerini David, <i>Una rivoluzione nel modo di fare di cinema</i>, Falsopiano, 2012</li> <li>« Le Steadicam a-t-il une âme ? » [dossier], <i>Vertigo</i>, n°24, 2003, p. 46-84</li> <li>Monassa Tatiana, « Le Tyler Mount et le Steadicam : inventer la stabilisation de la caméra pour libérer le cadre cinématographique », <i>Création Collective au Cinéma</i>, n°02/2019. p. 125-148.</li> <li>Andrzej Dambski, « Le steadicam : d’un usage classique à une recherche de déséquilibre et de vitesse », mémoire de master, dir. Tony Gauthier, ENS Louis Lumière, 2015</li> <li>Théo Michel, « Le mouvement-steadicam et la performance du corps : usages, expressions, perceptions », mémoire de master, dir. Antoine Gaudin, Paris 3 Sorbonne-Nouvelle, 2021</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steadicam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steadicam" class="extiw" title="commons:Steadicam"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Steadicam</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Steadicam" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Steadicam">Steadicam</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tiffen.com/pages/history-of-steadicam">History of the Steadicam</a>, Tiffen Website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garrettbrown.com/">garrettbrown.com</a>, inventor's official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steadicam.com/">steadicam.com</a>, product's official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flysteadicam.tiffen.com/">flysteadicam.tiffen.com</a>, official Steadicam Workshop training website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steadivision.com/steadipos.html">"Steadicam Posture"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sglaa.org/">"Steadicam Guild Life Achievement Award"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFishko2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Fishko" title="Sara Fishko">Fishko, Sara</a> (December 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnyc.org/story/the-steadicam-story">"The Steadicam Story"</a>. Fishko Files. <a href="/wiki/WNYC" title="WNYC">WNYC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Steadicam+Story&rft.pub=WNYC&rft.date=2016-12-15&rft.aulast=Fishko&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnyc.org%2Fstory%2Fthe-steadicam-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteadicam" class="Z3988"></span> Produced for the thirtieth anniversary of the Steadicam.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_crew_(filmmaking)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_crew" title="Template:Film crew"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_crew" title="Template talk:Film crew"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_crew" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film crew"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_crew_(filmmaking)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film_crew" title="Film crew">Film crew</a> (<a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Above_the_line" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Above-the-line_(filmmaking)" title="Above-the-line (filmmaking)">Above the line</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">Actor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leading_actor" title="Leading actor">Leading actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporting_actor" title="Supporting actor">Supporting actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">Ensemble cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_actor" title="Character actor">Character actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_actor" title="Child actor">Child actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">Cameo actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_part" title="Bit part">Bit actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-five" title="Under-five">Under-five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_acting" title="Voice acting">Voice actor</a></li></ul></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">Film director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">Screenwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">Film producer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_producer" title="Executive producer">Executive producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_producer" title="Line producer">Line producer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Below_the_line" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Below-the-line_(filmmaking)" title="Below-the-line (filmmaking)">Below the line</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-production/Production" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">Pre-production</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unit_production_manager" title="Unit production manager">Unit production manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_coordinator" title="Production coordinator">Production coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_accountant" class="mw-redirect" title="Production accountant">Production accountant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_director" title="Assistant director">Assistant director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_assistant" title="Production assistant">Production assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_supervisor" title="Script supervisor">Script supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_coordinator" title="Script coordinator">Script coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">Casting director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Location_manager" title="Location manager">Location manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Location_scouting" title="Location scouting">Location scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard_artist" title="Storyboard artist">Storyboard artist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">Cinematographer / director of photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_operator" title="Camera operator">Camera operator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focus_puller" title="Focus puller">Focus puller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapper_loader" title="Clapper loader">Clapper loader</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steadicam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_imaging_technician" title="Digital imaging technician">Digital imaging technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_unit" title="Second unit">Second unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaffer_(occupation)" title="Gaffer (occupation)">Gaffer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_boy" title="Best boy">Best boy electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_technician" title="Lighting technician">Lighting technician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_grip" title="Key grip">Key grip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_boy" title="Best boy">Best boy grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_grip" title="Dolly grip">Dolly grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grip_(occupation)" title="Grip (occupation)">Grip</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production <br /> design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Set_(film_and_TV_scenery)" title="Set (film and TV scenery)">Sets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_director#In_film" title="Art director">Art director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_decorator" title="Set decorator">Set decorator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_dresser" title="Set dresser">Set dresser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_gang" title="Swing gang">Swing gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matte_painting" title="Matte painting">Matte painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensman" title="Greensman">Greensman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Props" class="mw-redirect" title="Props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_master" title="Property master">Property master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_master" title="Weapons master">Weapons master</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">Wardrobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe_supervisor" title="Wardrobe supervisor">Wardrobe supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special<br />effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_effects_supervisor" title="Special effects supervisor">Special effects supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects_supervisor" title="Visual effects supervisor">Visual effects supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hairdresser" title="Hairdresser">Hairdresser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make-up_artist" title="Make-up artist">Make-up artist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_audiography" title="Director of audiography">Director of audiography / sound director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_sound_mixer" title="Production sound mixer">Production sound mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_operator_(media)" title="Boom operator (media)">Boom operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_sound_technician" title="Utility sound technician">Utility sound technician</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animation_department" title="Animation department">Animation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animator" title="Animator">Animator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_model" title="Conceptual model">Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_animation" title="Skeletal animation">Rigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layout_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Layout artist">Layout artist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Talent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acting" title="Acting">Acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acting_coach" title="Acting coach">Acting coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_double" class="mw-redirect" title="Body double">Body double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_coach" title="Dialect coach">Dialect coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_director" title="Movement director">Movement director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">Choreographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra_(acting)" title="Extra (acting)">Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">Talent agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-in" title="Stand-in">Stand-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acting_instructor" title="Acting instructor">Acting instructor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimacy_coordinator" title="Intimacy coordinator">Intimacy coordinator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stunts" class="mw-redirect" title="Stunts">Stunts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_coordinator" title="Stunt coordinator">Stunt coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_double" class="mw-redirect" title="Stunt double">Stunt double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_performer" title="Stunt performer">Stunt performer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_combat" title="Stage combat">Stage combat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wrangler_(profession)#Film_industry" title="Wrangler (profession)">Animal wrangler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Picture">Picture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">Film editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_grading" title="Color grading">Colorist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Sound editor (filmmaking)">Sound editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_editor" title="Dialogue editor">Dialogue editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-recording_mixer" title="Re-recording mixer">Re-recording mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley_(filmmaking)" title="Foley (filmmaking)">Foley artist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_foley" title="Voice foley">Voice foley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">Dubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)#ADR/post-sync" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">ADR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)#Subtitles" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">Subtitles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">Score</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_supervisor" title="Music supervisor">Music supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Music editor (filmmaking)">Music editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual<br />effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VFX_creative_director" title="VFX creative director">VFX creative director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual effects editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">Compositor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">Computer-generated imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)" title="Rendering (computer graphics)">Rendering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technical_director#Film" title="Technical director">Technical director</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unit_still_photographer" title="Unit still photographer">Unit still photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craft_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Craft services">Craft services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cinematic_techniques" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cinematic_techniques" title="Template:Cinematic techniques"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cinematic_techniques" title="Template talk:Cinematic techniques"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cinematic_techniques" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cinematic techniques"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cinematic_techniques" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques" title="Cinematic techniques">Cinematic techniques</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">Lighting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_light" title="Background light">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_lighting" title="Cameo lighting">Cameo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fill_light" title="Fill light">Fill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting_instrument#Floodlights" title="Stage lighting instrument">Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-key_lighting" title="High-key lighting">High-key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_light" title="Key light">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-key_lighting" title="Low-key lighting">Low-key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mood_lighting" title="Mood lighting">Mood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_lighting" title="Rembrandt lighting">Rembrandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">Stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft light">Soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques#Diegetic_sound" title="Cinematic techniques">Diegetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_techniques#Non-diegetic_sound" title="Cinematic techniques">Non-diegetic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">Narration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">Film score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_effect" title="Sound effect">Sound effects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Shot_(filmmaking)" title="Shot (filmmaking)">Shooting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Field size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wide_shot" title="Wide shot">Wide / Long / Full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_shot" title="American shot">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_shot" title="Medium shot">Medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close-up" title="Close-up">Close-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian shot">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_shot" title="Two shot">Two shot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Camera placement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">Perspective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-shoulder_shot" title="Over-the-shoulder shot">Over-the-shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_view_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Point of view shot">Point-of-view <span style="font-size:85%;">(POV)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot/reverse_shot" title="Shot/reverse shot">Reverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_shot" title="Trunk shot">Trunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-camera_setup" title="Single-camera setup">Single</a> / <a href="/wiki/Multiple-camera_setup" title="Multiple-camera setup">multiple-camera setup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Camera_angle" title="Camera angle">Camera angle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tilt_(camera)" title="Tilt (camera)">Tilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial shot">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-angle_shot" title="High-angle shot">High-angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s-eye_view" title="Bird's-eye view">Bird's-eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_shot" title="Crane shot">Crane shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jib_(camera)" title="Jib (camera)">Jib shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-angle_shot" title="Low-angle shot">Low-angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worm%27s-eye_view" title="Worm's-eye view">Worm's-eye view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_angle" title="Dutch angle">Dutch angle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Camera movement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchained_camera_technique" title="Unchained camera technique">Unchained camera technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt_(camera)" title="Tilt (camera)">Tilting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whip_pan" title="Whip pan">Whip pan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-held_camera" title="Hand-held camera">Hand-held</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaky_camera" title="Shaky camera">Shaky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_shot" title="Tracking shot">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_dolly" title="Camera dolly">Dolly</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steadicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SnorriCam" title="SnorriCam">SnorriCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_and_talk" title="Walk and talk">Walk and talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_shot" title="Follow shot">Follow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_zoom" title="Dolly zoom">Dolly zoom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lens effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focus_(optics)" title="Focus (optics)">Focus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racking_focus" class="mw-redirect" title="Racking focus">Racking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallow_focus" title="Shallow focus">Shallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_focus" title="Deep focus">Deep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zooming_(filmmaking)" title="Zooming (filmmaking)">Zooming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Establishing_shot" title="Establishing shot">Establishing shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_shot" title="Master shot">Master shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-roll" title="B-roll">B-roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeze-frame_shot" title="Freeze-frame shot">Freeze-frame shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_take" title="Long take">Long take</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insert_(filmmaking)" title="Insert (filmmaking)">Insert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_effects" title="Template:Special effects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_effects" title="Template talk:Special effects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_effects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special effects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Special_effects" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special effects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Practical_effect" title="Practical effect">Practical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_rigging" title="Aerial rigging">Aerial rigging</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wire-flying" title="Wire-flying">wire-flying</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_bladder_effect" title="Air bladder effect">Air bladder effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animatronics" title="Animatronics">Animatronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_hit_squib" title="Bullet hit squib">Bullet hit squib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumed_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Costumed character">Costumed character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creature_suit" title="Creature suit">Creature suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead-character_costume" title="Dead-character costume">Dead-character costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitbashing" title="Kitbashing">Kitbashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_effect" title="Miniature effect">Miniature effect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanging_miniature" title="Hanging miniature">hanging</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthetic_makeup" title="Prosthetic makeup">Prosthetic makeup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppetry" title="Puppetry">Puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrotechnics" title="Pyrotechnics">Pyrotechnics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_mask" title="Rubber mask">Rubber mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matte_painting" title="Matte painting">Matte painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_glass" title="Sugar glass">Sugar glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_blood" title="Theatrical blood">Theatrical blood</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/In-camera_effect" title="In-camera effect">In-camera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipack" title="Bipack">Bipacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_time" title="Bullet time">Bullet time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_zoom" title="Dolly zoom">Dolly zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_perspective" title="Forced perspective">Forced perspective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_projection" class="mw-redirect" title="Front projection">Front projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighting effects">Lighting effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filtration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear_projection" title="Rear projection">Rear projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCfftan_process" title="Schüfftan process">Schüfftan process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutter_(photography)" title="Shutter (photography)">Shutter effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slit-scan" class="mw-redirect" title="Slit-scan">Slit-scan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilted_plane_focus" title="Tilted plane focus">Tilted plane focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-lapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-lapse">Time-lapse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast motion">Fast motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">Slow motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_ramping" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed ramping">Speed ramping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop motion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_time" title="Bullet time">Bullet time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chroma_key" title="Chroma key">Chroma key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">Compositing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_compositing" title="Digital compositing">digital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">Computer-generated imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_motion" title="Go motion">Go motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introvision" title="Introvision">Introvision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_moving" title="Match moving">Match moving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_printer" title="Optical printer">Optical printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallgantics" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallgantics">Smallgantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_screen_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Split screen (filmmaking)">Split screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop motion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steadicam&oldid=1259294964">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steadicam&oldid=1259294964</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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