2017-314 Report - Akzo Nobel and Others v Commission

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Akzo Nobel and Others v Commission</h1> <div class="post_date"> 5. February 2018  |   <span class="state-aid case-digest sbc"><a class="sbc" href="/core-blog?filter_cat=61">Case Digests</a></span> by <span class='sbc'>Kiran Desai</span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="entry-content-thumbnail"> <picture class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" title="2017-314 Report - Akzo Nobel and Others v Commission 1"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/photo-1493015780735-f7330a5c88f2.jpg.webp 1326w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/photo-1493015780735-f7330a5c88f2-300x207.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/photo-1493015780735-f7330a5c88f2-1024x706.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/photo-1493015780735-f7330a5c88f2-768x529.jpg.webp 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1326px) 100vw, 1326px"/> <img data-no-lazy="" width="1326" height="914" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/photo-1493015780735-f7330a5c88f2.jpg" alt="2017-314 Report - Akzo Nobel and Others v Commission - photo 1493015780735 f7330a5c88f2" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/photo-1493015780735-f7330a5c88f2.jpg 1326w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/photo-1493015780735-f7330a5c88f2-300x207.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/photo-1493015780735-f7330a5c88f2-1024x706.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/photo-1493015780735-f7330a5c88f2-768x529.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1326px) 100vw, 1326px"/> </picture> </div> <table width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Court</strong></td> <td width="73%"><strong>Court of Justice</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Date of ruling</strong></td> <td width="73%">27 April 2017</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Case name (short version)</strong></td> <td width="73%"> <table width="97%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Akzo Nobel and Others v Commission</strong></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Case Citation</strong></td> <td width="73%">Case C-516/15 P</p> <p>ECLI:EU:C:2017:314</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Key words</strong></td> <td width="73%">Appeal —Agreements, decisions and concerted practices — European markets in tin stabilisers and in ESBO/esters heat stabilisers — Price fixing, market allocation and exchange of commercially sensitive information — Whether the unlawful conduct of the subsidiaries may be attributed to the parent company — Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 — Article 25(1) — Limitation period for the imposition of penalties on subsidiaries — Effects on the legal position of the parent company</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Basic context</strong></td> <td width="73%">By their appeal, Akzo Nobel NV, Akzo Nobel Chemicals GmbH and Akzo Nobel Chemicals BV ask the Court to set aside the judgment of the General Court of the European Union of 15 July 2015, <em>Akzo Nobel and Others</em> v <em>Commission</em> (T‑47/10, ‘the judgment under appeal’, EU:T:2015:506), by which the General Court upheld only in part their action for, principally, annulment of Commission Decision C(2009) 8682 final of 11 November 2009 relating to a proceeding under Article 81 EC and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement (Case COMP/38589 — Heat Stabilisers) (‘the decision at issue’), and, in the alternative, a reduction of the amount of the fines imposed on them.</p> <p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Points arising – admissibility </strong></td> <td width="73%">38 According to settled case-law, to allow a party to put forward for the first time before the Court of Justice pleas and arguments which it did not raise before the General Court would be to authorise it to bring before the Court of Justice, whose jurisdiction in appeals is limited, a case of wider ambit than that which came before the General Court. In an appeal, the Court’s jurisdiction is thus confined to examining the assessment by the General Court of the pleas and arguments aired before it (see, in particular, judgment of 22 October 2015, <em>AC-Treuhand</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑194/14 P, EU:C:2015:717, paragraph 54).</p> <p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Points arising – substance</strong></td> <td width="73%">46 In this regard, it must be noted, in the first place, that the authors of the Treaties chose to use the concept of an undertaking to designate the perpetrator of an infringement of competition law, who is liable to be punished pursuant to Article 81 or 82 EC, now Article 101 or 102 TFEU (judgment of 18 July 2013, <em>Schindler Holding and Others</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑501/11 P, EU:C:2013:522, paragraph 102).</p> <p>47 It is apparent from the case-law of the Court of Justice that EU competition law refers to the activities of undertakings and that the concept of an undertaking covers any entity engaged in an economic activity, irrespective of its legal status and the way in which it is financed (judgment of 11 December 2007, <em>ETI and Others</em>, C‑280/06, EU:C:2007:775, paragraph 38).</p> <p>48 The Court has also stated that, in the same context, the term ‘undertaking’ must be understood as designating an economic unit even if in law that economic unit consists of several persons, natural or legal (judgment of 20 January 2011, <em>General Química and Others</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑90/09 P, EU:C:2011:21, paragraph 35).</p> <p>49 When such an economic entity infringes the competition rules, it is for that entity, according to the principle of personal responsibility, to answer for that infringement (judgment of 29 March 2011, <em>ArcelorMittal Luxembourg</em> v <em>Commission</em> and <em>Commission</em> v <em>ArcelorMittal Luxembourg and Others</em>, C‑201/09 P and C‑216/09 P, EU:C:2011:190, paragraph 95).</p> <p>50 In the second place, the infringement of EU competition law must be imputed unequivocally to a legal person on whom fines may be imposed and to whom the statement of objections must be addressed (see, to that effect, judgment of 10 September 2009, <em>Akzo Nobel and Others</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑97/08 P, EU:C:2009:536, paragraph 57).</p> <p>51 Neither Article 23(2)(a) of Regulation No 1/2003 nor the case-law lays down which legal or natural person the Commission is obliged to hold responsible for the infringement or to punish by the imposition of a fine (see, to that effect, judgment of 11 July 2013, <em>Team Relocations and Others</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑444/11 P, not published, EU:C:2013:464, paragraph 159).</p> <p>52 By contrast, according to the settled case-law of the Court, the unlawful conduct of a subsidiary may be attributed to the parent company in particular where, although having a separate legal personality, that subsidiary does not determine independently its own conduct on the market, but essentially carries out the instructions given to it by the parent company, having regard especially to the economic, organisational and legal links between those two legal entities (see, to that effect, judgments of 14 July 1972,<em> Imperial Chemical Industries</em> v <em>Commission</em>, 48/69, EU:C:1972:70, paragraphs 131 to 133; of 25 October 1983, <em>AEG-Telefunken</em> v <em>Commission</em>, 107/82, EU:C:1983:293, paragraphs 49 to 53; of 11 July 2013, <em>Team Relocations and Others</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑444/11 P, not published, EU:C:2013:464, paragraph 157; and of 17 September 2015, <em>Total</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑597/13 P, EU:C:2015:613, paragraph 35).</p> <p>53 That is the case because, in such a situation, the parent company and its subsidiary form a single economic unit and therefore form a single undertaking for the purposes of EU competition law (judgment of 11 July 2013, <em>Team Relocations and Others</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑444/11 P, not published, EU:C:2013:464, paragraph 157).</p> <p>54 On that aspect, in the particular case in which a parent company holds all or almost all of the capital in a subsidiary which has committed an infringement of the EU competition rules, there is a rebuttable presumption that that parent company actually exercises a decisive influence over its subsidiary (see, to that effect, judgment of 26 November 2013, <em>Groupe Gascogne</em> v <em>Commission</em>, EU:C:2013:770, paragraph 38).</p> <p>55 Such a presumption implies, unless it is rebutted, that the actual exercise of decisive influence by the parent company over its subsidiary is established and gives grounds for the Commission to hold the former responsible for the conduct of the latter, without having to produce any further evidence (see, to that effect, judgment of 16 June 2016, <em>Evonik Degussa and AlzChem</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑155/14 P, EU:C:2016:446, paragraph 30).</p> <p>56 It must be pointed out, in the third place, that, according to the well-established case-law of the Court, the parent company to which the unlawful conduct of its subsidiary is attributed is held individually liable for an infringement of the EU competition rules which it is itself deemed to have infringed, because of the decisive influence which it exercised over the subsidiary and by which it was able to determine the subsidiary’s conduct on the market (see, to that effect, judgments of 14 July 1972, <em>Imperial Chemical Industries</em> v <em>Commission</em>, 48/69, EU:C:1972:70, paragraphs 140 and 141; of 16 November 2000, <em>Metsä-Serla and Others</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑294/98 P, EU:C:2000:632, paragraphs 28 and 34; of 26 November 2013, <em>Kendrion</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑50/12 P, EU:C:2013:771, paragraph 55; of 10 April 2014, <em>Commission and Others</em> v <em>Siemens Österreich and Others</em>, C‑231/11 P to C‑233/11 P, EU:C:2014:256, paragraph 49; and of 8 May 2014, <em>Bolloré</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑414/12 P, not published, EU:C:2014:301, paragraph 44).</p> <p>57 As has been observed in paragraph 49 of the present judgment, EU competition law is based on the principle of the personal responsibility of the economic unit which has committed the infringement. Thus, if the parent company is part of that economic unit, it is regarded as personally jointly and severally liable with the other legal persons making up that unit for the infringement committed (see, to that effect, judgment of 10 September 2009, <em>Akzo Nobel and Others</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑97/08 P, EU:C:2009:536, paragraph 77).</p> <p>58 That is why the joint and several liability as between two companies constituting an economic unit cannot be reduced, as regards the payment of the fine, to a type of security provided by the parent company in order to guarantee payment of the fine imposed on the subsidiary (see, to that effect, judgments of 26 November 2013, <em>Kendrion</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑50/12 P, EU:C:2013:771, paragraphs 55 and 56, and of 19 June 2014, <em>FLS Plast</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑243/12 P, EU:C:2014:2006, paragraph 107).</p> <p>59 In the fourth place, according to the case-law of the Court, in a situation in which the parent company’s liability results exclusively from the direct participation of its subsidiary in the infringement and the two companies have brought parallel actions having the same object, the General Court may, without ruling <em>ultra petita</em>, take account of the annulment of the finding that the subsidiary committed an infringement for a certain period and make a corresponding reduction in the amount of the fine imposed on the parent company jointly and severally with its subsidiary (see, to that effect, judgment of 22 January 2013, <em>Commission</em> v <em>Tomkins</em>, C‑286/11 P, EU:C:2013:29, paragraphs 34, 38, 39 and 49).</p> <p>60 The Court has stated in that respect, first, that, in order to hold any entity within an economic unit liable, it is necessary to prove that one entity at least has committed an infringement of the EU competition rules and that that fact be noted in a decision which has become definitive, and, secondly, that the reason for which it was found that the subsidiary had not acted unlawfully is irrelevant (see, to that effect, judgment of 22 January 2013, <em>Commission</em> v <em>Tomkins</em>, C‑286/11 P, EU:C:2013:29, paragraphs 37 and 38).</p> <p>61 It is in that context that the Court referred to the wholly derivative nature of the liability incurred by the parent company solely because of a subsidiary’s direct participation in the infringement (see, to that effect, judgment of 22 January 2013, <em>Commission</em> v <em>Tomkins</em>, C‑286/11 P, EU:C:2013:29, paragraphs 34, 38, 43 and 49). In that situation, the parent company’s liability arises from its subsidiary’s unlawful conduct, which is attributed to the parent company in view of the economic unit formed by those companies. Consequently, the parent company’s liability necessarily depends on the facts constituting the infringement committed by its subsidiary and to which its liability is inextricably linked.</p> <p>62 For the same reasons, the Court has made clear that, in a situation in which no factor individually reflects the conduct for which the parent company is held liable, the reduction of the amount of the fine imposed on the subsidiary jointly and severally with its parent company must, in principle, where the necessary procedural requirements are satisfied, be extended to the parent company (see, to that effect, judgment of 17 September 2015, <em>Total</em> v <em>Commission</em>, C‑597/13 P, EU:C:2015:613, paragraphs 10, 37, 38, 41 and 44).</p> <p>70 Admittedly, as the General Court in essence underlined in paragraphs 125 and 126 of the judgment under appeal, the fact that the Commission’s power to impose penalties is time-barred pursuant to Article 25(1)(b) of Regulation No 1/2003 means that a penalty can no longer be imposed on the companies in respect of which the limitation period has expired.</p> <p>71 By contrast, the fact that penalties can no longer be imposed on certain companies because the limitation period has expired does not preclude another company, which is considered personally responsible and jointly and severally liable with those companies for the same anticompetitive behaviour, and in respect of which the limitation period has not expired, from having proceedings instituted against it.</p> <p>72 Contrary to the appellants’ contention, the fact that Akzo Nobel’s liability in respect of the first infringement period arises exclusively from the direct participation of its subsidiaries in the cartels does not alter that conclusion.</p> <p>73 First, the anticompetitive activities in relation to the first infringement period are nevertheless regarded as having been carried out by Akzo Nobel itself, since it formed an economic unit, within the meaning of the case-law of the European Union, with Akzo Nobel Chemicals GmbH and Akzo Nobel Chemicals BV.</p> <p>74 Secondly, as the Advocate General stated, in essence, in points 58 and 59 of his Opinion, it is apparent from the case-law of the Court mentioned in paragraph 62 of the present judgment that factors specific to the parent company may justify assessing the parent company’s liability and that of its subsidiary differently, even if the liability of the former is based exclusively on the unlawful conduct of the latter.</p> <p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Intervention</strong></td> <td width="73%">–</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Interim measures</strong></td> <td width="73%">–</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Order</strong></td> <td width="73%">1. Dismisses the appeal;</p> <p>2. Orders Akzo Nobel NV, Akzo Nobel Chemicals GmbH and Akzo Nobel Chemicals BV to pay the costs.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Fine changed</strong></td> <td width="73%">No</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Case duration</strong></td> <td width="73%">31 months</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Judge-rapporteur</strong></td> <td width="73%">da Cruz Vilaça</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Advocate-general</strong></td> <td width="73%">Wahl</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="26%"><strong>Notes on academic writings</strong></td> <td width="73%">–</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> </div> <footer class="entry-meta"> <h3 class="bg-line"><span>Tags</span></h3> <div class="posttags_blog tags"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=573">Akzo Nobel</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=574">C-516/15 PEU competition law</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=329">European Court of Justice</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=575">Heat stabilisers</a> </div> <h3 class="bg-line"><span>About</span></h3> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Kiran-Desai-150x150.jpg.webp 150w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Kiran-Desai.jpg.webp 190w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> <img width="150" height="150" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20150%20150'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Picture Kiran Desai" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Kiran-Desai-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Kiran-Desai.jpg 190w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" data-lazy-src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Kiran-Desai-150x150.jpg"/><noscript><img width="150" height="150" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Kiran-Desai-150x150.jpg" alt="Picture Kiran Desai" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Kiran-Desai-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Kiran-Desai.jpg 190w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <h4>Kiran Desai</h4> <p>Digest Editor</p> <p>Partner, EU Competition Law Leader, EY Law, Brussels</p> <p><a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/speaker/kiran-desai-core-digest-editor/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">>> Kiran’s CoRe Blog Case Digests >></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="single-core-blog-comments"> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/en/coreblogpost/2017-314-report/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel Reply</a></small></h3><p class="must-log-in">You must be <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexxion.eu%2Fen%2Fcoreblogpost%2F2017-314-report%2F">logged in</a> to post a comment.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="single_rp"> <h3>Related Posts</h3> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rp-wrapper container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="date_rp">07. 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Aug 2023</div> <div class="cat_rp"> by <span class='sbc'>Parsa Tonkaboni</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"><picture class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" decoding="async" title="The ECJ Judgment in CK Telecoms – Setting the Record Straight? 3"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-1024x576.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-300x169.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-1536x864.jpg.webp 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post.jpg.webp 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/> <img width="750" height="422" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20750%20422'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="The ECJ Judgment in CK Telecoms – Setting the Record Straight? - 0122 Blog post" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post.jpg 1920w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" data-lazy-src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-1024x576.jpg"/><noscript><img width="750" height="422" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-1024x576.jpg" alt="The ECJ Judgment in CK Telecoms – Setting the Record Straight? - 0122 Blog post" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/0122-Blog-post.jpg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="title_rp"><h2>The ECJ Judgment in CK Telecoms – Setting the Record Straight?</h2></div> <div class="content_rp">Introduction On 13 July 2023, the European Court of Justice (‘ECJ’) delivered its highly anticipated ruling in CK Telecoms UK Investments v European Commission (‘CK Telecoms’). The Grand Chamber judgment is significant at the most fundamental level. It clarifies some of the core legal concepts and principles at the very heart of EU merger control. The five crucial issues the […]</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="comment_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/the-ecj-judgment-in-ck-telecoms-setting-the-record-straight/#comments">0 Comments</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="readmore_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/the-ecj-judgment-in-ck-telecoms-setting-the-record-straight/">read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rp-wrapper container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="date_rp">18. Jan 2023</div> <div class="cat_rp"><span class='state-aid feature ebg'>Features</span> by <span class='sbc'>Daniel Mandrescu</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"><picture class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" decoding="async" title="Case C-42/21P Lithuanian Railways – another clarification on the Bronner case law and the non-exhaustive character of art. 102 TFEU 4"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-1024x678.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-300x199.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-768x509.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280.jpg.webp 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/> <img width="750" height="497" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20750%20497'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="competition law, abuse of dominance, refusal to supply, Lithuanian railways, bronner, essential facility, art. 102 TFEU" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-300x199.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-768x509.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280.jpg 1280w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" data-lazy-src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-1024x678.jpg"/><noscript><img width="750" height="497" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-1024x678.jpg" alt="competition law, abuse of dominance, refusal to supply, Lithuanian railways, bronner, essential facility, art. 102 TFEU" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-300x199.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280-768x509.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/train-gf1b1a611c_1280.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="title_rp"><h2>Case C-42/21P Lithuanian Railways – another clarification on the Bronner case law and the non-exhaustive character of art. 102 TFEU</h2></div> <div class="content_rp">The recent case of Lithuanian Railways provides yet another clarification on the scope of application of the Bronner case law. The Judgement of the CJEU reconfirms exceptional character of the Bronner case law and the type of situations it is intended to apply to. By doing so the CJEU potentially helps prevent future disputes of a similar nature in the […]</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="comment_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/case-c-42-21p-lithuanian-railways-another-clarification-on-the-bronner-case-law-and-the-non-exhaustive-character-of-art-102-tfeu/#comments">0 Comments</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="readmore_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/case-c-42-21p-lithuanian-railways-another-clarification-on-the-bronner-case-law-and-the-non-exhaustive-character-of-art-102-tfeu/">read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rp-wrapper container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="date_rp">15. Nov 2022</div> <div class="cat_rp"><span class='state-aid feature ebg'>Features</span> by <span class='sbc'>Daniel Mandrescu</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"><picture class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" decoding="async" title="Case C-721/20 – DB Station & Service – Can secondary legislation limit the private enforcement of art. 102 TFEU? 5"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/rail-g3168823ed_640.jpg.webp 640w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/rail-g3168823ed_640-300x225.jpg.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px"/> <img width="640" height="480" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20640%20480'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="abuse of dominance, competition law, art. 102 TFEU, railways, regulation, DMA, excessive pricing, unfair pricing, private enforcement, stand alone claims" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/rail-g3168823ed_640.jpg 640w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/rail-g3168823ed_640-300x225.jpg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-lazy-src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/rail-g3168823ed_640.jpg"/><noscript><img width="640" height="480" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/rail-g3168823ed_640.jpg" alt="abuse of dominance, competition law, art. 102 TFEU, railways, regulation, DMA, excessive pricing, unfair pricing, private enforcement, stand alone claims" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/rail-g3168823ed_640.jpg 640w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/rail-g3168823ed_640-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px"/></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="title_rp"><h2>Case C-721/20 – DB Station & Service – Can secondary legislation limit the private enforcement of art. 102 TFEU?</h2></div> <div class="content_rp">Last month the CJEU delivered an interesting ruling on the scope of application of art. 102 TFEU when dealing with excessive or unfair prices in the railway sector. A first reading of the final conclusion of the CJEU would give the impression that the scope of application of art. 102 TFEU is being unduly restricted with this case by making […]</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="comment_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/case-c-721-20-db-station-service-can-secondary-legislation-limit-the-private-enforcement-of-art-102-tfeu/#comments">0 Comments</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="readmore_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/case-c-721-20-db-station-service-can-secondary-legislation-limit-the-private-enforcement-of-art-102-tfeu/">read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rp-wrapper container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="date_rp">05. Nov 2020</div> <div class="cat_rp"><span class='state-aid case-digest ebg'>Case Digests</span> by <span class='sbc'>Kiran Desai</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"><picture class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" decoding="async" title="2019:1134 Furukawa Electric v Commission 6"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-300x169.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1536x864.jpg.webp 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920.jpg.webp 1919w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/> <img width="750" height="422" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20750%20422'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="2019:1134 Furukawa Electric v Commission - lines 2147464 1920" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920.jpg 1919w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" data-lazy-src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg"/><noscript><img width="750" height="422" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg" alt="2019:1134 Furukawa Electric v Commission - lines 2147464 1920" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920.jpg 1919w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="title_rp"><h2>2019:1134 Furukawa Electric v Commission</h2></div> <div class="content_rp">Court Court of Justice Date of ruling 19 December 2019 Case name (short version) Furukawa Electric v Commission Case Citation C- 589/18 P ECLI:EU:C:2019:1134 Key words Appeal — Competition — Agreements, decisions and concerted practices — European market for underground and submarine power cables — Market allocation in connection with projects — Fines — 2006 Guidelines on the method of […]</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="comment_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-1134-furukawa-electric-v-commission/#comments">0 Comments</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="readmore_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-1134-furukawa-electric-v-commission/">read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rp-wrapper container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="date_rp">05. Nov 2020</div> <div class="cat_rp"><span class='state-aid case-digest ebg'>Case Digests</span> by <span class='sbc'>Kiran Desai</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"><picture class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" decoding="async" title="2019:1025 LS Cable & System v Commission 7"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-300x169.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1536x864.jpg.webp 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920.jpg.webp 1919w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/> <img width="750" height="422" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20750%20422'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="2019:1025 LS Cable & System v Commission - lines 2147464 1920" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920.jpg 1919w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" data-lazy-src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg"/><noscript><img width="750" height="422" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg" alt="2019:1025 LS Cable & System v Commission - lines 2147464 1920" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920.jpg 1919w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="title_rp"><h2>2019:1025 LS Cable & System v Commission</h2></div> <div class="content_rp">Court Court of Justice Date of ruling 28 November 2019 Case name (short version) LS Cable & System v Commission Case Citation Case C-596/18 P ECLI:EU:C:2019:1025 Key words Appeal — Competition — Agreements, decisions and concerted practices — European market for underground and submarine power cables — Market allocation in connection with projects — Fines — Burden of proof — […]</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="comment_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-1025-ls-cable-system-v-commission/#comments">0 Comments</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="readmore_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-1025-ls-cable-system-v-commission/">read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rp-wrapper container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="date_rp">05. Nov 2020</div> <div class="cat_rp"><span class='state-aid case-digest ebg'>Case Digests</span> by <span class='sbc'>Kiran Desai</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"><picture class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" decoding="async" title="2019:966 Silec Cable and General Cable v Commission 8"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-300x169.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1536x864.jpg.webp 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920.jpg.webp 1919w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/> <img width="750" height="422" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20750%20422'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="2019:966 Silec Cable and General Cable v Commission - lines 2147464 1920" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920.jpg 1919w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" data-lazy-src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg"/><noscript><img width="750" height="422" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg" alt="2019:966 Silec Cable and General Cable v Commission - lines 2147464 1920" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lines-2147464_1920.jpg 1919w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="title_rp"><h2>2019:966 Silec Cable and General Cable v Commission</h2></div> <div class="content_rp">Court Court of Justice Date of ruling 14 November 2019 Case name (short version) Silec Cable and General Cable v Commission Case Citation C-599/18 P ECLI:EU:C:2019:966 Key words Appeal — Competition — Agreements, decisions and concerted practices — European market for underground and submarine power cables — Market allocation in connection with projects — Proof of the infringement — Presumption […]</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="comment_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-966-silec-general-cable-v-ec/#comments">0 Comments</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="readmore_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-966-silec-general-cable-v-ec/">read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rp-wrapper container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="date_rp">05. Nov 2020</div> <div class="cat_rp"><span class='state-aid case-digest ebg'>Case Digests</span> by <span class='sbc'>Kiran Desai</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"><picture class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" decoding="async" title="2019:675 HSBC Holdings plc and Others v European Commission 9"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-1024x576.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-300x169.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-1536x864.jpg.webp 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920.jpg.webp 1919w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/> <img width="750" height="422" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20750%20422'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="2019:675 HSBC Holdings plc and Others v European Commission - business 962358 1920" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920.jpg 1919w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" data-lazy-src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-1024x576.jpg"/><noscript><img width="750" height="422" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-1024x576.jpg" alt="2019:675 HSBC Holdings plc and Others v European Commission - business 962358 1920" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/business-962358_1920.jpg 1919w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="title_rp"><h2>2019:675 HSBC Holdings plc and Others v European Commission</h2></div> <div class="content_rp">Court General Court Date of ruling 24 September 2019 Case name (short version) HSBC Holdings plc and Others v European Commission Case Citation T-105/17 ECLI:EU:T:2019:675 Key words Competition — Agreements, decisions and concerted practices — Euro Interest Rate Derivatives sector — Decision establishing an infringement of Article 101 TFEU and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement — Manipulation of the […]</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="comment_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-675-hsbc-holdings-others-v-ec/#comments">0 Comments</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="readmore_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-675-hsbc-holdings-others-v-ec/">read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rp-wrapper container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="date_rp">05. Nov 2020</div> <div class="cat_rp"><span class='state-aid case-digest ebg'>Case Digests</span> by <span class='sbc'>Kiran Desai</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"><picture class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" decoding="async" title="2019:633 FVE Holýšov I s. r. o. and Others v European Commission 10"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-1024x576.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-300x169.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-1536x864.jpg.webp 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920.jpg.webp 1919w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/> <img width="750" height="422" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20750%20422'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="2019:633 FVE Holýšov I s. r. o. and Others v European Commission - windrader 2991696 1920" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920.jpg 1919w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" data-lazy-src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-1024x576.jpg"/><noscript><img width="750" height="422" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-1024x576.jpg" alt="2019:633 FVE Holýšov I s. r. o. and Others v European Commission - windrader 2991696 1920" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/windrader-2991696_1920.jpg 1919w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="title_rp"><h2>2019:633 FVE Holýšov I s. r. o. and Others v European Commission</h2></div> <div class="content_rp">Court General Court Date of ruling 20 September 2019 Case name (short version) FVE Holýšov I s. r. o. and Others v European Commission Case Citation T-217/17 ECLI:EU:T:2019:633 Key words State aid — Market for electricity generated from renewable sources — Measures setting a minimum purchase price for electricity generated from renewable energy sources or granting a bonus to producers […]</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="comment_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-633-fve-holysov-others-v-ec/#comments">0 Comments</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="readmore_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-633-fve-holysov-others-v-ec/">read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rp-wrapper container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="date_rp">05. Nov 2020</div> <div class="cat_rp"><span class='state-aid case-digest ebg'>Case Digests</span> by <span class='sbc'>Kiran Desai</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"><picture class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" decoding="async" title="2019:532 Région Île-de-France v European Commission 11"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-1024x576.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-300x169.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-1536x864.jpg.webp 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920.jpg.webp 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/> <img width="750" height="422" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20750%20422'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="2019:532 Région Île-de-France v European Commission - bus 690508 1920" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920.jpg 1700w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" data-lazy-src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-1024x576.jpg"/><noscript><img width="750" height="422" src="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-1024x576.jpg" alt="2019:532 Région Île-de-France v European Commission - bus 690508 1920" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.lexxion.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bus-690508_1920.jpg 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px"/></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="title_rp"><h2>2019:532 Région Île-de-France v European Commission</h2></div> <div class="content_rp">Court General Court Date of ruling 12 July 2019 Case name (short version) Région Île-de-France v European Commission Case Citation T-292/17 ECLI:EU:T:2019:532 Key words State aid — Aid scheme implemented by France between 1994 and 2008 — Investment subsidies awarded by the Île-de-France Region — Decision declaring the aid scheme compatible with the internal market — Advantage — Selective nature […]</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="comment_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-532-region-ile-de-france-v-ec/#comments">0 Comments</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="readmore_rp"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/coreblogpost/2019-532-region-ile-de-france-v-ec/">read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div>                                                        <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <a class="backto large" href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/">back to overview</a> </div> </div> </footer> </article> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-3 lexx-sidebar" id="sidebar_inh"> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/insider/" class="blog_subscribe rrr" target="_blank"> <span class="sample_r_icon"></span> <span class="sample_r_word"> Subscribe now! </span> </a> <form class="search-form" action="/suche/" method="get"> <input 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class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-535 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">Merger Control</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=322" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-322 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">Amazon</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=345" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-345 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">google</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=405" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-405 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">market power</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=372" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-372 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">two-sided platforms</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=481" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-481 tag-link-position-19" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">market definition</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=378" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-378 tag-link-position-20" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">competition fines</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=355" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-355 tag-link-position-21" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">anti-competitive</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=331" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-331 tag-link-position-22" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">Bundeskartellamt</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=512" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-512 tag-link-position-23" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">Commission</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=485" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-485 tag-link-position-24" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">tying</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=557" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-557 tag-link-position-25" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">merger</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=552" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-552 tag-link-position-26" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">damages claim</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=525" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-525 tag-link-position-27" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">private damage claims</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=529" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-529 tag-link-position-28" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">CoRe News</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=530" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-530 tag-link-position-29" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">app stores</a> <a href="https://www.lexxion.eu/en/core-blog/?filter_tag=636" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-636 tag-link-position-30" style="font-size: 16.279569892473pt;">regulation</a> </div> </div> <div class="grey_box"> </div> <h2>Recent Posts</h2><ul><li><a 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