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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indigenous_origin_in_Java" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_origin_in_Java"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Indigenous origin in Java</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_origin_in_Java-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_in_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_in_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Origin in India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_in_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_form" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_form"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Art form</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art_form-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art form subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art_form-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wayang_kulit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_kulit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span><i>Wayang kulit</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_kulit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayang_golek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_golek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><i>Wayang golek</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_golek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayang_klitik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_klitik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span><i>Wayang klitik</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_klitik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayang_beber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_beber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span><i>Wayang beber</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_beber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayang_wong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_wong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span><i>Wayang wong</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_wong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayang_topeng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_topeng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span><i>Wayang topeng</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_topeng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Stories</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stories-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Stories subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wayang_purwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_purwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>Wayang purwa</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_purwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayang_panji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_panji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><i>Wayang panji</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_panji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayang_Menak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_Menak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span><i>Wayang Menak</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_Menak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayang_kancil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_kancil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span><i>Wayang kancil</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_kancil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Other stories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural context</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_context-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultural context subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tatanan_(norms_and_values)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatanan_(norms_and_values)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><i>Tatanan</i> (norms and values)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tatanan_(norms_and_values)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuntunan_(guidelines)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuntunan_(guidelines)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span><i>Tuntunan</i> (guidelines)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuntunan_(guidelines)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tontonan_(entertainment)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tontonan_(entertainment)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span><i>Tontonan</i> (entertainment)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tontonan_(entertainment)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Artist</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Artist-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Artist subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Artist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dalang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dalang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Dalang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dalang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sindhen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sindhen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span><i>Sindhen</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sindhen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wiyaga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wiyaga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span><i>Wiyaga</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wiyaga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayang_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Wayang Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wayang</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC" title="وايانج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وايانج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82" title="বায়াং – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বায়াং" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vayanq" title="Vayanq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vayanq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82" title="ওয়ায়াং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়ায়াং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝ་ཡང་ཟློས་གར་ཁང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝ་ཡང་ཟློས་གར་ཁང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajango" title="Vajango – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vajango" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="وایانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وایانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ինդոնեզական թատրոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինդոնեզական թատրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="വയാങ്ങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വയാങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajang" title="Wajang – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wajang" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ваянг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ваянг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajang" title="Vajang – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Vajang" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wayang" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="ஓயாங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓயாங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indonesian puppet theatre</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wayang" title="Special:EditPage/Wayang">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Wayang%22">"Wayang"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Wayang%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Wayang%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Wayang%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Wayang%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Wayang%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:antiquewhite;">Wayang</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_sejarah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wayang_sejarah.jpg/257px-Wayang_sejarah.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wayang_sejarah.jpg/386px-Wayang_sejarah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wayang_sejarah.jpg/514px-Wayang_sejarah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="664" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Types</th><td class="infobox-data">Traditional puppet theatre</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ancestor arts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_culture" title="Javanese culture">Javanese people</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Originating culture</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Originating era</th><td class="infobox-data">Hindu - Buddhist civilisations</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #eee; font-size: 125%;">Wayang puppet theatre</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00063">00063</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity/APA" title="Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity/APA">Asia and the Pacific</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee; font-size:110%;">Inscription history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2008 (3rd session)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">List</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Representative</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="line-height:150%; padding-top:0.8em; border-top: 1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit">Wayang kulit</a></i></span> (the leather shadow puppet), <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Wayang_klitik">Wayang klitik</a></i></span> (the flat wooden puppet), <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is a part of the series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Indonesia" title="Mythology of Indonesia">Indonesian<br />mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Indonesia" title="Folklore of Indonesia">folklore</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Beeld_van_Dewi_Sri_de_rijstgodin_TMnr_60016918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Beeld_van_Dewi_Sri_de_rijstgodin_TMnr_60016918.jpg/150px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Beeld_van_Dewi_Sri_de_rijstgodin_TMnr_60016918.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Beeld_van_Dewi_Sri_de_rijstgodin_TMnr_60016918.jpg/225px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Beeld_van_Dewi_Sri_de_rijstgodin_TMnr_60016918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Beeld_van_Dewi_Sri_de_rijstgodin_TMnr_60016918.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Beeld_van_Dewi_Sri_de_rijstgodin_TMnr_60016918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Cultural mythologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">Adat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_mythology" title="Balinese mythology">Balinese mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_mythology" title="Batak mythology">Batak mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_folklore" title="Malay folklore">Malay folklore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Malay_culture" title="Ghosts in Malay culture">Ghosts in Malay culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_Moluccas" title="Folklore of the Moluccas">Molucca Folklore</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Traditional folk religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Iban_religion" title="Dayak people">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sunda Wiwitan</a></li> <li><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapta_Darma" class="extiw" title="id:Sapta Darma">Sapta Darma</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Deities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Acintya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antaboga" title="Antaboga">Antaboga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barong_(mythology)" title="Barong (mythology)">Barong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batara_Guru" title="Batara Guru">Batara Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batara_Kala" title="Batara Kala">Batara Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batara_Sambu" title="Batara Sambu">Batara Sambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Fu_Zhen_Ren" title="Chen Fu Zhen Ren">Chen Fu Zhen Ren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Danu" title="Dewi Danu">Dewi Danu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Lanjar" title="Dewi Lanjar">Dewi Lanjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Ratih" title="Dewi Ratih">Dewi Ratih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Sri" title="Dewi Sri">Dewi Sri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainuwele" title="Hainuwele">Hainuwele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudoq" title="Hudoq">Hudoq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyang" title="Hyang">Hyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyai_Roro_Kidul" title="Nyai Roro Kidul">Nyai Roro Kidul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Raksasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratu_Adil" title="Ratu Adil">Ratu Adil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang_Adi_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanghyang Adi Buddha">Sanghyang Adi Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrio_Piningit" title="Satrio Piningit">Satrio Piningit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setesuyara" title="Setesuyara">Setesuyara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Siwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Ambu" title="Sunan Ambu">Sunan Ambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warak_ngendog" title="Warak ngendog">Warak ngendog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Wisnu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Mythological and folkloric creatures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Beings</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Acintya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aji_Saka" title="Aji Saka">Aji Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">Bidadari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batara_Guru" title="Batara Guru">Batara Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batara_Kala" title="Batara Kala">Batara Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batara_Sambu" title="Batara Sambu">Batara Sambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calon_Arang" title="Calon Arang">Calon Arang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Fu_Zhen_Ren" title="Chen Fu Zhen Ren">Chen Fu Zhen Ren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damarwulan" title="Damarwulan">Damarwulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Danu" title="Dewi Danu">Dewi Danu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Lanjar" title="Dewi Lanjar">Dewi Lanjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Ratih" title="Dewi Ratih">Dewi Ratih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Sri" title="Dewi Sri">Dewi Sri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebu_gogo" title="Ebu gogo">Ebu Gogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainuwele" title="Hainuwele">Hainuwele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantu_Air" title="Hantu Air">Hantu Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantu_Bongkok" title="Hantu Bongkok">Hantu Bongkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyang" title="Hyang">Hyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudoq" title="Hudoq">Hudoq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifrit" title="Ifrit">Ifrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jailangkung" title="Jailangkung">Jailangkung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenglot" title="Jenglot">Jenglot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keong_Emas" title="Keong Emas">Keong Emas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuntilanak" title="Kuntilanak">Kuntilanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasue" title="Krasue">Kuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langsuyar" title="Langsuyar">Langsuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyak" title="Leyak">Leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malin_Kundang" title="Malin Kundang">Malin Kundang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_Tuk_Kong" title="Na Tuk Kong">Na Tuk Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyai_Roro_Kidul" title="Nyai Roro Kidul">Nyai Roro Kidul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_bunian" title="Orang bunian">Orang bunian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Pendek" title="Orang Pendek">Orang Pendek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Tokata" title="O Tokata">O Tokata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelesit" title="Pelesit">Pelesit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penanggalan" title="Penanggalan">Penanggalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petruk" title="Petruk">Petruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocong" title="Pocong">Pocong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putri_Tangguk" title="Putri Tangguk">Putri Tangguk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Raden Panji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Raksasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratu_Adil" title="Ratu Adil">Ratu Adil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang_Adi_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanghyang Adi Buddha">Sanghyang Adi Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangkuriang" title="Sangkuriang">Sangkuriang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrio_Piningit" title="Satrio Piningit">Satrio Piningit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semar" title="Semar">Semar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setesuyara" title="Setesuyara">Setesuyara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silewe_Nazarata" title="Silewe Nazarata">Silewe Nazarata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_Pitung" title="Si Pitung">Si Pitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Siwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suanggi" title="Suanggi">Suanggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Ambu" title="Sunan Ambu">Sunan Ambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundel_bolong" title="Sundel bolong">Sundel Bolong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyol" title="Toyol">Tuyul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twalen" title="Twalen">Twalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wewe_Gombel" title="Wewe Gombel">Wewe Gombel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Wisnu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Animals</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antaboga" title="Antaboga">Antaboga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_ngepet" title="Babi ngepet">Babi ngepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barong_(mythology)" title="Barong (mythology)">Barong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buraq" title="Buraq">Burak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81ga" title="Nāga">Naga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takshaka" title="Takshaka">Taksaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangda" title="Rangda">Rangda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warak_ngendog" title="Warak ngendog">Warak ngendog</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Wayang characters</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Wayang_purwa">Wayang purwa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Wayang_panji">Wayang panji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Wayang_menak">Wayang menak</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Rituals and traditions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bomoh" title="Bomoh">Bomoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukun" title="Dukun">Dukun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jailangkung" title="Jailangkung">Jailangkung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawang" title="Pawang">Pawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziarah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Mythical and sacred locations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraton_(Indonesia)" title="Kraton (Indonesia)">Kraton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tidar" title="Mount Tidar">Mt. Tidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratu_Boko" title="Ratu Boko">Ratu Boko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tua_Pek_Kong" title="Tua Pek Kong">Tua Pek Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgo" title="Turgo">Turgo</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Sacred objects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Mythical texts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arjunawiwaha" title="Arjunawiwaha">Arjunawiwaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Amir_Hamzah" title="Hikayat Amir Hamzah">Hikayat Amir Hamzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Banjar" title="Hikayat Banjar">Hikayat Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Bayan_Budiman" title="Hikayat Bayan Budiman">Hikayat Bayan Budiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Iskandar_Zulkarnain" title="Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain">Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Raja-raja_Pasai" title="Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai">Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakawin_Ramayana" title="Kakawin Ramayana">Kakawin Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakawin_Sutasoma" title="Kakawin Sutasoma">Kakawin Sutasoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Galigo" title="La Galigo">La Galigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatayuddha" title="Bharatayuddha">Bharatayuddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakawin_Bh%C4%81ratayuddha" title="Kakawin Bhāratayuddha">Kakawin Bhāratayuddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakawin_Hariwangsa" title="Kakawin Hariwangsa">Kakawin Hariwangsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarakretagama" title="Nagarakretagama">Nagarakṛtāgama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pararaton" title="Pararaton">Pararaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pustaha" title="Pustaha">Pustaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aiwar%C4%81trikalpa" title="Śiwarātrikalpa">Śiwarātrikalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smaradahana" title="Smaradahana">Smaradahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhfat_al-Nafis" title="Tuhfat al-Nafis">Tuhfat al-Nafis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawacan_Sulanjana" title="Wawacan Sulanjana">Wawacan Sulanjana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Sacred weapons</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kris" title="Kris">Kris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kujang_(weapon)" title="Kujang (weapon)">Kujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rencong" title="Rencong">Rencong</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Funerals</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tau_tau" title="Tau tau">Tau tau</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hantu_(supernatural_creature)" title="Hantu (supernatural creature)">Hantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Indonesian folk religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_sacred_places" title="Javanese sacred places">Javanese sacred places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_deities" title="List of Indonesian deities">List of Indonesian deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sacred_places_in_Java" title="List of sacred places in Java">List of sacred places in Java</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia portal</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/16px-Draig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/24px-Draig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/32px-Draig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="475" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mythology">Mythology portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indonesian_mythology_and_folklore" title="Template:Indonesian mythology and folklore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indonesian_mythology_and_folklore" title="Template talk:Indonesian mythology and folklore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesian_mythology_and_folklore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesian mythology and folklore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Performance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Wayang_Performance.jpg/220px-Wayang_Performance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Wayang_Performance.jpg/330px-Wayang_Performance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Wayang_Performance.jpg/440px-Wayang_Performance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1619" /></a><figcaption><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit">Wayang kulit</a></i></span> performance by the famous Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Dalang_(puppeteer)" title="Dalang (puppeteer)">dalang</a></i></span> (puppet master) <a href="/wiki/Manteb_Soedharsono" title="Manteb Soedharsono">Manteb Soedharsono</a>, with the story "Gathutkaca Winisuda", in <a href="/wiki/Bentara_Budaya_Jakarta" title="Bentara Budaya Jakarta">Bentara Budaya Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, on 31 July 2010</figcaption></figure> <p><b><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(in the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language#Registers" title="Javanese language"><i>ngoko</i> register</a>)</span>, <span title="Javanese-language text"><span lang="jv">ꦫꦶꦁꦒꦶꦠ꧀</span></span>, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">ringgit</i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(in the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language#Registers" title="Javanese language"><i>krama</i> register</a>)</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a traditional form of puppet theatre play originating from the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britwayang2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britwayang2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_and_Etymology_for_Wayang3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_and_Etymology_for_Wayang3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> refers to the entire dramatic show. Sometimes the leather puppet itself is referred to as <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Performances of wayang puppet theatre are accompanied by a <i><a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a></i> orchestra in <a href="/wiki/Java_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (island)">Java</a>, and by <i><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_gender_wayang" title="Gamelan gender wayang">gender wayang</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>. The dramatic stories depict mythologies, such as episodes from the <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> epics the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>, as well as local adaptations of cultural legends.<sup id="cite_ref-britwayang2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britwayang2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin2001p1842-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bonnefoy1623_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonnefoy1623-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> is played out in a ritualized midnight-to-dawn show by a <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Dalang_(puppeteer)" title="Dalang (puppeteer)">dalang</a></i></span>, an artist and spiritual leader; people watch the show from both sides of the screen.<sup id="cite_ref-britwayang2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britwayang2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin2001p1842-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> performances are still very popular among <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian people">Indonesians</a>, especially in the islands of Java and Bali. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> performances are usually held at certain rituals, certain ceremonies, certain events, and even tourist attractions. In ritual contexts, puppet shows are used for prayer rituals (held in temples in Bali),<sup id="cite_ref-Kompasiana2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kompasiana2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">ruwatan</i></span> ritual (cleansing <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Sukerto</i></span> children from bad luck),<sup id="cite_ref-CNNIndonesia2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNIndonesia2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">sedekah bumi</i></span> ritual (thanksgiving to God for the abundant crops).<sup id="cite_ref-JawaPos2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JawaPos2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the context of ceremonies, usually it is used to celebrate <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">mantenan</i></span> (Javanese wedding ceremony) and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">sunatan</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">circumcision</a> ceremony). In events, it is used to celebrate Independence Day, the anniversaries of municipalities and companies, birthdays, commemorating certain days, and many more. Even in the modern era with the development of tourism activities, <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">wayang</i></span> puppet shows are used as cultural tourism attractions.<sup id="cite_ref-balihbalihan2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balihbalihan2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> traditions include <a href="/wiki/Acting" title="Acting">acting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">singing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carving" title="Carving">carving</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolic system">symbolic</a> arts. The traditions, which have continued to develop over more than a thousand years, are also a medium for <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preaching" class="mw-redirect" title="Preaching">preaching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophical" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophical">philosophical</a> understanding, and <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kemdikbud2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kemdikbud2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> designated <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> – the flat leather shadow puppet (<span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit">wayang kulit</a></i></span>), the flat wooden puppet (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang klitik</i></span>), and the three-dimensional wooden puppet (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_golek" title="Wayang golek">wayang golek</a></i></span>) theatre, as a <a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a> on 7 November 2003. In return for the acknowledgment, UNESCO required Indonesians to preserve the tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> is the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese word</a> for '<a href="/wiki/Shadow" title="Shadow">shadow</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-History_and_Etymology_for_Wayang3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_and_Etymology_for_Wayang3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 'imagination'. The word's equivalent in <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> is <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">bayang</i></span>. In modern daily Javanese and Indonesian vocabulary, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> can refer to the puppet itself or the whole puppet theatre performance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> is used in the Javanese <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language#Registers" title="Javanese language"><i>ngoko</i> register</a> and its <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">krama</i></span> equivalent is <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">ringgit</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> is the traditional puppet theatre of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brandon1432_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandon1432-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britwayang2_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britwayang2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin2001p1842-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an ancient form of storytelling known for its elaborate puppets and complex musical styles.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest evidence of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> comes from medieval-era texts and archeological sites dating from late 1st millennium CE. There are four theories concerning where <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> originated (indigenous to Java; Java–India; India; and China), but of these, two are more favored: <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p><p>Regardless of its origins, states Brandon, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> developed and matured into a Javanese phenomenon. There is no true contemporary puppet shadow artwork in either China or India that has the sophistication, depth, and creativity expressed in <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> in Java, Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-brandon424_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandon424-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_origin_in_Java">Indigenous origin in Java</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indigenous origin in Java"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to academic <a href="/wiki/James_Rodger_Brandon" title="James Rodger Brandon">James R. Brandon</a>, the puppets of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> are native to Java. He states <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> is closely related to Javanese social <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious life">religious life</a>, and presents parallel developments from ancient Indonesian culture, such as <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Monetary_system" title="Monetary system">monetary system</a>, metric forms, <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, wet rice field agriculture, and <a href="/wiki/Government_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Government administration">government administration</a>. He asserts that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> was not derived from any other type of shadow puppetry of mainland Asia, but was an indigenous creation of the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>. Indian puppets differ from <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>, and all <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> technical terms are <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. Similarly, some of the other technical terms used in the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> found in Java and Bali are based on local languages, even when the play overlaps with Buddhist or Hindu mythologies.<sup id="cite_ref-brandon424_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandon424-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>G. A. J. Hazeu also says that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> came from Java. The puppet structure, puppeteering techniques, and storytelling voices, language, and expressions are all composed according to old traditions. The technical design, the style, and the composition of the Javanese plays grew from the <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">worship of ancestors</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>J. Kats argues that the technical terms come from Java and that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> was born without the help of India.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the 9th century, it belonged to the Javanese. It was closely related to religious practices, such as incense and night / wandering spirits. Panakawan uses a Javanese name,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What is 'Panakawan'? Is this a typo for 'Punokawan'? (March 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> different from the Indian heroes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Kruyt<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (March 2023)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> argues that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> originated from <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a>, and makes comparisons with ancient archipelago ceremonial forms which aim to contact the spirit world by presenting religious poetry praising the greatness of the soul.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Messingen_wandlamp_in_de_vorm_van_een_gekroonde_Garuda_het_heilige_rijdier_van_de_hindoe-god_Vishnu_TMnr_235-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Bléncong</i></span>, a Javanese oil lamp in the form of the mythical <a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a> bird for <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> performances, before 1924</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_in_India">Origin in India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origin in India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> arrived on the Indonesian islands in the early centuries of the 1st millennium, and along with theology, the peoples of Indonesia and Indian subcontinent exchanged culture, architecture, and traded goods.<sup id="cite_ref-brandon424_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandon424-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-miyao1422_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miyao1422-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bonnefoy1623_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonnefoy1623-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puppet arts and dramatic plays have been documented in ancient Indian texts, dated to the last centuries of the 1st millennium BCE and the early centuries of the Common Era.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, the eastern coastal region of India (<a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>), which most interacted with Indonesian islands, has had traditions of intricate, leather-based puppet arts called <i><a href="/wiki/Tholu_bommalata" title="Tholu bommalata">tholu bommalata</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tholpavakoothu" title="Tholpavakoothu">tholpavakoothu</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Rabana_Chhaya" title="Rabana Chhaya"><i>rabana chhaya</i></a>, which share many elements with <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-britwayang2_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britwayang2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some characters such as the Vidusaka in Sanskrit drama and <a href="/wiki/Semar" title="Semar">Semar</a> in <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> are very similar. Indian mythologies and characters from the Hindu epics feature in many major <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> plays, which suggests possible Indian origins, or at least an influence in the pre-Islamic period of Indonesian history.<sup id="cite_ref-brandon424_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandon424-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jivan Pani states that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> developed from two art forms from <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> in eastern India: the <a href="/wiki/Ravana_Chhaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravana Chhaya">Ravana Chhaya</a> puppet theatre and the <a href="/wiki/Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau dance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Records">Records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest known record concerning <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> is from the 10th century. In 903 CE, the Dalinan charter was issued by King <a href="/wiki/Balitung" title="Balitung">Balitung</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sanjaya_dynasty" title="Sanjaya dynasty">Sanjaya dynasty</a> of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. It describes a <i>wayang</i> performance: <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">si galigī mavayaṁ buAt thyaṁ macarita bimva ya kumāra</i></span>, which means 'Galigi held a puppet show, as service to the gods, telling the story of Bima Kumara'.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalinan_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalinan-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems certain features of traditional puppet theatre have survived from that time. Galigi may have been an itinerant performer who was requested to perform for a special royal occasion. At that event he performed a story about the hero <a href="/wiki/Bhima" title="Bhima">Bhima</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>. </p><p>Old Javanese inscription called Kuṭi, probably issued in the mid-10th century by Maharaja Sri Lokapala from East Java,<sup id="cite_ref-Griffiths_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffiths-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mention three sorts of performers: <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">atapukan</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">mask dance show</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">aringgit</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><i>wayang</i> puppet show</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), and <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">abanwal</i></span> / <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">abanol</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">joke art</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). <span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">Ringgit</i></span> is described in an 11th-century Javanese poem as a leather shadow figure. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg/600px-Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg/900px-Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg/1200px-Arjunawiwaha_canto_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3078" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Palm leaves manuscript of <a href="/wiki/Kakawin" title="Kakawin">kakawin</a> <a href="/wiki/Arjunawiwaha" title="Arjunawiwaha">Arjunawiwaha</a> is written by Mpu Kanwa in 1035 CE</figcaption></figure> <p>Mpu Kanwa, the poet of <a href="/wiki/Airlangga" title="Airlangga">Airlangga</a>'s court of the <a href="/wiki/Kahuripan" title="Kahuripan">Kahuripan</a> kingdom, writes in 1035 CE in his <i><a href="/wiki/Kakawin" title="Kakawin">kakawin</a></i> (narrative poem) <i><a href="/wiki/Arjunawiwaha" title="Arjunawiwaha">Arjunawiwaha</a></i>, "<span title="Kawi-language romanization"><i lang="kaw-Latn">santoṣâhĕlĕtan kĕlir sira sakêng sang hyang Jagatkāraṇa</i></span>", which means, "He is steadfast and just a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> screen away from the 'Mover of the World'."<sup id="cite_ref-Robson_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">kĕlir</i></span> is the Javanese word for the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> screen, the verse eloquently comparing actual life to a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> performance where the almighty <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Jagatkāraṇa</i></span> (the mover of the world) as the ultimate <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">dalang</i></span> (puppet master) is just a thin screen away from mortals. This reference to <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> as shadow plays suggested that <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> performance was already familiar in Airlangga's court and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> tradition had been established in Java, perhaps even earlier. Inscriptions from this period also mention some occupations as <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">awayang</i></span> and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">aringgit</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> is a unique form of theatre employing light and shadow. The puppets are crafted from buffalo hide and mounted on bamboo sticks. When held up behind a piece of white cloth, with an electric bulb or an oil lamp as the light source, shadows are cast on the screen. The plays are typically based on romantic tales and religious legends, especially adaptations of the classic Indian epics, the <i>Mahabharata</i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>. Some of the plays are also based on local stories like <a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Panji tales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MediaIndonesia2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MediaIndonesia2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> puppet theatre performances in Indonesia</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Yogyakarta_Midden-Java._Opvoering_van_Wajang_Kulit_spel_met_Gamelanbegeleiding_ter_gelegenheid_van_de_vijftienjarige_troonsverheffing_van_HB_VIII_in_zijn_oude_huis_op_Sompilan_12_Ngasem_TMnr_60043327.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit performance with gamelan accompaniment in the context of the appointment of the throne for Hamengkubuwono VIII's fifteen years in Yogyakarta, between 1900 and 1940"><img alt="Wayang kulit performance with gamelan accompaniment in the context of the appointment of the throne for Hamengkubuwono VIII's fifteen years in Yogyakarta, between 1900 and 1940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Yogyakarta_Midden-Java._Opvoering_van_Wajang_Kulit_spel_met_Gamelanbegeleiding_ter_gelegenheid_van_de_vijftienjarige_troonsverheffing_van_HB_VIII_in_zijn_oude_huis_op_Sompilan_12_Ngasem_TMnr_60043327.jpg/277px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="277" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Yogyakarta_Midden-Java._Opvoering_van_Wajang_Kulit_spel_met_Gamelanbegeleiding_ter_gelegenheid_van_de_vijftienjarige_troonsverheffing_van_HB_VIII_in_zijn_oude_huis_op_Sompilan_12_Ngasem_TMnr_60043327.jpg/415px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Yogyakarta_Midden-Java._Opvoering_van_Wajang_Kulit_spel_met_Gamelanbegeleiding_ter_gelegenheid_van_de_vijftienjarige_troonsverheffing_van_HB_VIII_in_zijn_oude_huis_op_Sompilan_12_Ngasem_TMnr_60043327.jpg/554px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="506" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit">Wayang kulit</a></i></span> performance with <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> accompaniment in the context of the appointment of the throne for <a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_VIII" title="Hamengkubuwono VIII">Hamengkubuwono VIII</a>'s fifteen years in <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, between 1900 and 1940</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_poppenspeler_tijdens_een_wajang_golek_voorstelling_TMnr_60031943.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A dalang (puppeteer) in a wayang golek (wooden puppet) performance, between 1880 and 1910"><img alt="A dalang (puppeteer) in a wayang golek (wooden puppet) performance, between 1880 and 1910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_poppenspeler_tijdens_een_wajang_golek_voorstelling_TMnr_60031943.jpg/270px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_poppenspeler_tijdens_een_wajang_golek_voorstelling_TMnr_60031943.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_poppenspeler_tijdens_een_wajang_golek_voorstelling_TMnr_60031943.jpg/406px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_poppenspeler_tijdens_een_wajang_golek_voorstelling_TMnr_60031943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_poppenspeler_tijdens_een_wajang_golek_voorstelling_TMnr_60031943.jpg/541px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_poppenspeler_tijdens_een_wajang_golek_voorstelling_TMnr_60031943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="518" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Dalang_(puppeteer)" title="Dalang (puppeteer)">dalang</a></i></span> (puppeteer) in a <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span> (wooden puppet) performance, between 1880 and 1910</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KITLV_3953_-_Kassian_C%C3%A9phas_-_Wayang_beber_performance_of_the_desa_Gelaran_at_the_home_of_Dr._Wahidin_Soedirohoesoedo_at_Yogyakarta_in_the_middle_Dr._GAJ_Hazeu_-_Around_1902.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang beber performance of the desa Gelaran at the home of Dr. Wahidin Soedirohoesodo at Yogyakarta; in the middle Dr. GAJ Hazeu, Dutch East Indies, in 1902"><img alt="Wayang beber performance of the desa Gelaran at the home of Dr. Wahidin Soedirohoesodo at Yogyakarta; in the middle Dr. GAJ Hazeu, Dutch East Indies, in 1902" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/KITLV_3953_-_Kassian_C%C3%A9phas_-_Wayang_beber_performance_of_the_desa_Gelaran_at_the_home_of_Dr._Wahidin_Soedirohoesoedo_at_Yogyakarta_in_the_middle_Dr._GAJ_Hazeu_-_Around_1902.tif/lossy-page1-300px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/KITLV_3953_-_Kassian_C%C3%A9phas_-_Wayang_beber_performance_of_the_desa_Gelaran_at_the_home_of_Dr._Wahidin_Soedirohoesoedo_at_Yogyakarta_in_the_middle_Dr._GAJ_Hazeu_-_Around_1902.tif/lossy-page1-450px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/KITLV_3953_-_Kassian_C%C3%A9phas_-_Wayang_beber_performance_of_the_desa_Gelaran_at_the_home_of_Dr._Wahidin_Soedirohoesoedo_at_Yogyakarta_in_the_middle_Dr._GAJ_Hazeu_-_Around_1902.tif/lossy-page1-600px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2765" data-file-height="1752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_beber" title="Wayang beber">Wayang beber</a></i></span> performance of the desa Gelaran at the home of Dr. <a href="/wiki/Wahidin_Soedirohoesodo" title="Wahidin Soedirohoesodo">Wahidin Soedirohoesodo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>; in the middle Dr. GAJ Hazeu, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, in 1902</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_form">Art form</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Art form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayang_kulit"><i>Wayang kulit</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wayang kulit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit">Wayang kulit</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ki_Sigit_Ariyanto_Dalang_Wayang_Kulit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ki_Sigit_Ariyanto_Dalang_Wayang_Kulit.jpg/300px-Ki_Sigit_Ariyanto_Dalang_Wayang_Kulit.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ki_Sigit_Ariyanto_Dalang_Wayang_Kulit.jpg/450px-Ki_Sigit_Ariyanto_Dalang_Wayang_Kulit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ki_Sigit_Ariyanto_Dalang_Wayang_Kulit.jpg/600px-Ki_Sigit_Ariyanto_Dalang_Wayang_Kulit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dalang</i></span> (puppet master) depicting a fight in a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit">wayang kulit</a></i></span> performance</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:87600_wayang_kulit_ardi_bakrie_nia_ramadhani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/87600_wayang_kulit_ardi_bakrie_nia_ramadhani.jpg/300px-87600_wayang_kulit_ardi_bakrie_nia_ramadhani.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/87600_wayang_kulit_ardi_bakrie_nia_ramadhani.jpg/450px-87600_wayang_kulit_ardi_bakrie_nia_ramadhani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/87600_wayang_kulit_ardi_bakrie_nia_ramadhani.jpg/600px-87600_wayang_kulit_ardi_bakrie_nia_ramadhani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>There are three main components of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> shows including <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dalang</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> (music and <i><a href="/wiki/Sindhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindhen">sindhen</a></i>), and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> itself</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> are without a doubt the best known of the Indonesian <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Kulit</i></span> means 'skin', and refers to the leather construction of the puppets that are carefully chiselled with fine tools, supported with carefully shaped buffalo horn handles and control rods, and painted in beautiful hues, including gold. The stories are usually drawn from the Hindu epics the <i>Ramayana</i> and the <i>Mahabharata</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a family of characters in Javanese <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> called <i><a href="/wiki/Punokawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Punokawan">punokawan</a></i>; they are sometimes referred to as "clown-servants" because they normally are associated with the story's hero, and provide humorous and philosophical interludes. <a href="/wiki/Semar" title="Semar">Semar</a> is actually the god of love, who has consented to live on earth to help humans. He has three sons: Gareng (the eldest), <a href="/wiki/Petruk" title="Petruk">Petruk</a> (the middle), and Bagong (the youngest). These characters did not originate in the Hindu epics, but were added later.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They provide something akin to a political <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a>, dealing with gossip and contemporary affairs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The puppet figures themselves vary from place to place. In <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>, the city of <a href="/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta</a> (Solo) and city of <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a> have the best-known <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> traditions, and the most commonly imitated style of puppets. Regional styles of shadow puppets can also be found in <a href="/wiki/Temanggung" class="mw-redirect" title="Temanggung">Temanggung</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banyumas" class="mw-redirect" title="Banyumas">Banyumas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cirebon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>. Bali's <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> are more compact and naturalistic figures, and Lombok has figures representing real people. Often modern-world objects as bicycles, automobiles, airplanes and ships will be added for comic effect, but for the most part the traditional puppet designs have changed little in the last 300 years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sisi_Refleksi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sisi_Refleksi.jpg/300px-Sisi_Refleksi.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sisi_Refleksi.jpg/450px-Sisi_Refleksi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sisi_Refleksi.jpg/600px-Sisi_Refleksi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>A <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> (leather shadow puppet) performance using <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">kelir</i></span> (thin fabric) as a border between the puppeteer (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dalang</i></span>) who plays the puppets and the audience</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the performance consisted of shadows cast by an <a href="/wiki/Oil_lamp" title="Oil lamp">oil lamp</a> onto a cotton screen. Today, the source of light used in <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> performance in Java is most often a halogen electric light, while Bali still uses the traditional firelight. Some modern forms of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> such as <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang sandosa</i></span> (from Bahasa Indonesia, since it uses the national language of Indonesian instead of Javanese) created in the <a href="/wiki/Institut_Seni_Indonesia_Surakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta">Art Academy at Surakarta (STSI)</a> employ theatrical <a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting_instrument" title="Stage lighting instrument">spotlights</a>, colored lights, contemporary music, and other innovations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Making a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> figure that is suitable for a performance involves hand work that takes several weeks, with the artists working together in groups. They start from master models (typically on paper) which are traced out onto skin or parchment, providing the figures with an outline and with indications of any holes that will need to be cut (such as for the mouth or eyes). The figures are then smoothed, usually with a glass bottle, and primed. The structure is inspected and eventually the details are worked through. A further smoothing follows before individual painting, which is undertaken by yet another craftsman.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Finally, the movable parts (upper arms, lower arms with hands and the associated sticks for manipulation) mounted on the body, which has a central staff by which it is held. A crew makes up to ten figures at a time, typically completing that number over the course of a week. However, there is not strong continuing demand for the top skills of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> craftspersons and the relatively few experts still skilled at the art sometimes find it difficult to earn a satisfactory income.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The painting of less expensive puppets is handled expediently with a spray technique, using templates, and with a different person handling each color. Less expensive puppets, often sold to children during performances, are sometimes made on cardboard instead of leather.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some examples of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> figures (leather shadow puppet)</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kumbakarna, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1914"><img alt="Kumbakarna, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Kumbakarna._TMnr_8-276.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kumbakarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbakarna">Kumbakarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gatot Kaca, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1914"><img alt="Gatot Kaca, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg/267px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg/533px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_8-273.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gatot_Kaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatot Kaca">Gatot Kaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wibisana, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1933"><img alt="Wibisana, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1933" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg/224px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg/337px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg/449px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_van_karbouwenhuid_voorstellende_Wibisana_TMnr_809-29a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="713" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wibisana" class="mw-redirect" title="Wibisana">Wibisana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1933</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Shinta, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1983"><img alt="Princess Shinta, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1983" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg/267px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg/533px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Princess <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Shinta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1983</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yudhishthira, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1914"><img alt="Yudhishthira, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg/450px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg/600px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_kulit_pop_voorstellende_Yudhistira_TMnr_8-264.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="524" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yudhishthira" title="Yudhishthira">Yudhishthira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Tari, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1934"><img alt="Princess Tari, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1934" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_de_hemelnymf_Dewi_Tari_TMnr_883-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Princess Tari, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1934</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayang_golek"><i>Wayang golek</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Wayang golek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wayang_golek" title="Wayang golek">Wayang golek</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_santri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wayang_santri.jpg/300px-Wayang_santri.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wayang_santri.jpg/450px-Wayang_santri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wayang_santri.jpg/600px-Wayang_santri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4784" data-file-height="3584" /></a><figcaption><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek</i></span> performance (3D wooden puppet), <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek</i></span> are three-dimensional wooden rod puppets that are operated from below by a wooden rod that runs through the body to the head, and by sticks connected to the hands. The construction of the puppets contributes to their versatility, expressiveness and aptitude for imitating human dance. <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span> is mainly associated with the <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a> culture of <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>. In Central Java, the wooden <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang</i></span> is also known as <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang menak</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦩꦺꦤꦏ꧀</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang Ménak</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which originated from <a href="/wiki/Kudus_Regency" title="Kudus Regency">Kudus</a>, Central Java.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Little is known for certain about the history of <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span>, but scholars have speculated that it most likely originated in China and arrived in Java sometime in the 17th century. Some of the oldest traditions of <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span> are from the north coast of Java in what is called the <a href="/wiki/Pasisir" title="Pasisir">Pasisir</a> region. This is home to some of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> kingdoms in Java and it is likely that the <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span> grew in popularity through telling the <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang menak</i></span> stories of <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Amir Hamza</a>, the uncle of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. These stories are still widely performed in Kabumen, Tegal, and Jepara as <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek menak</i></span>, and in <a href="/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cirebon</a>, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek cepak</i></span>. Legends about the origins of the <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span> attribute their invention to the Muslim saint <a href="/wiki/Wali_Sunan_Kudus" class="mw-redirect" title="Wali Sunan Kudus">Wali Sunan Kudus</a>, who used the medium to proselytize Muslim values.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 18th century, the tradition moved into the mountainous region of <a href="/wiki/Priangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Priangan">Priangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>, where it eventually was used to tell stories of the <i>Ramayana</i> and the <i>Mahabharata</i> in a tradition now called <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek purwa</i></span>, which can be found in <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Bogor</a> and Jakarta. The adoption of Javanese <a href="/wiki/Mataram_Sultanate" title="Mataram Sultanate">Mataram</a> <a href="/wiki/Kejawen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejawen">kejawen</a> culture by Sundanese aristocrats was probably the remnant of Mataram influence over the Priangan region during the expansive reign of <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Agung">Sultan Agung</a>. While the main characters from the <i>Ramayana</i> and <i>Mahabharata</i> are similar to <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit purwa</i></span> versions from Central Java, some <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">punakawan</i></span> (servants or jesters) were rendered in Sundanese names and characteristics, such as Cepot or Astrajingga as Bagong, and Dawala or Udel as Petruk. <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek purwa</i></span> has become the most popular form of <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span> today. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some examples of <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span> figures (3D wooden puppet)</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cepot_in_wayang_golek_form,_2015-05-14_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cepot, a Sundanese Punokawan, Indonesia"><img alt="Cepot, a Sundanese Punokawan, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cepot_in_wayang_golek_form%2C_2015-05-14_03.jpg/133px-Cepot_in_wayang_golek_form%2C_2015-05-14_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cepot_in_wayang_golek_form%2C_2015-05-14_03.jpg/200px-Cepot_in_wayang_golek_form%2C_2015-05-14_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cepot_in_wayang_golek_form%2C_2015-05-14_03.jpg/266px-Cepot_in_wayang_golek_form%2C_2015-05-14_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2181" data-file-height="3272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cepot" title="Cepot">Cepot</a>, a Sundanese <a href="/wiki/Punokawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Punokawan">Punokawan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puppet_(AM_2004.89.151-1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rahwana, Indonesia in 2004"><img alt="Rahwana, Indonesia in 2004" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.151-1%29.jpg/133px-Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.151-1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.151-1%29.jpg/200px-Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.151-1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.151-1%29.jpg/266px-Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.151-1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rahwana" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahwana">Rahwana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> in 2004</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puppet_(AM_2004.89.149-1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramawijaya, Indonesia in 2004"><img alt="Ramawijaya, Indonesia in 2004" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.149-1%29.jpg/133px-Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.149-1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.149-1%29.jpg/200px-Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.149-1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.149-1%29.jpg/266px-Puppet_%28AM_2004.89.149-1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ramawijaya, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> in 2004</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_4283-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gatot kaca, Indonesia in 2015"><img alt="Gatot kaca, Indonesia in 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_4283-3.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_4283-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_4283-3.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_4283-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_4283-3.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Gatot_Kaca_TMnr_4283-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gatot_kaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatot kaca">Gatot kaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> in 2015</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_de_reus_Kumbakarna_TMnr_4283-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kumbakarna, Indonesia before 1976"><img alt="Kumbakarna, Indonesia before 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_de_reus_Kumbakarna_TMnr_4283-8.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_de_reus_Kumbakarna_TMnr_4283-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_de_reus_Kumbakarna_TMnr_4283-8.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_de_reus_Kumbakarna_TMnr_4283-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_de_reus_Kumbakarna_TMnr_4283-8.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_de_reus_Kumbakarna_TMnr_4283-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kumbakarna, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> before 1976</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Draupadi_TMnr_4283-70.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dewi Drupadi, Indonesia before 1976"><img alt="Dewi Drupadi, Indonesia before 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Draupadi_TMnr_4283-70.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Draupadi_TMnr_4283-70.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Draupadi_TMnr_4283-70.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Draupadi_TMnr_4283-70.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Draupadi_TMnr_4283-70.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_voorstellende_Draupadi_TMnr_4283-70.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dewi Drupadi, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> before 1976</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayang_klitik"><i>Wayang klitik</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wayang klitik"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang klitik</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦏ꧀ꦭꦶꦛꦶꦏ꧀</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang klithik</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang krucil</i></span> (<span title="Javanese-language text"><span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦏꦿꦸꦕꦶꦭ꧀</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> figures occupy a middle ground between the figures of <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span> and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span>. They are constructed similarly to <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> figures, but from thin pieces of wood instead of leather, and, like <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> figures, are used as shadow puppets. A further similarity is that they are the same smaller size as <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> figures. However, wood is more subject to breakage than leather. During battle scenes, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang klitik</i></span> figures often sustain considerable damage, much to the amusement of the public, but in a country in which before 1970 there were no adequate glues available, breakage generally meant an expensive, newly made figure. On this basis the <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang klitik</i></span> figures, which are to appear in plays where they have to endure battle scenes, have leather arms. The name of these figures is onomotopaeic, from the sound <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">klithik</i></span> (<span title="Javanese-language text"><span lang="jv">ꦏ꧀ꦭꦶꦛꦶꦏ</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002384_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002384-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that these figures make when worked by the <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dalang</i></span>. </p><p><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang klitik</i></span> figures come originally from <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">eastern Java</a>, where one still finds workshops turning them out. They are less costly to produce than <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> figures. </p><p>The origin of the stories involved in these puppet plays comes from the kingdoms of eastern Java: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenggala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenggala (page does not exist)">Jenggala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kediri_(historical_kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kediri (historical kingdom)">Kediri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a>. From Jenggala and Kediri come the stories of Raden Panji and <a href="/wiki/Cindelaras" title="Cindelaras">Cindelaras</a>, which tells of the adventures of a pair of village youngsters with their <a href="/wiki/Fighting_cocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighting cocks">fighting cocks</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Damarwulan" title="Damarwulan">Damarwulan</a></i> presents the stories of a hero from Majapahit. Damarwulan is a clever chap, who with courage, aptitude, intelligence and the assistance of his young lover Anjasmara makes a surprise attack on the neighboring kingdom and brings down <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minakjinggo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minakjinggo (page does not exist)">Minakjinggo</a>, an <i>Adipati</i> (viceroy) of <a href="/wiki/Blambangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Blambangan">Blambangan</a> and mighty enemy of Majapahit's beautiful queen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kencanawungu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kencanawungu (page does not exist)">Sri Ratu Kencanawungu</a>. As a reward, Damarwulan is married to Kencanawungu and becomes king of Majapahit; he also takes Lady Anjasmara as a second wife. This story is full of love affairs and battles and is very popular with the public. The <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dalang</i></span> is liable to incorporate the latest local gossip and quarrels and work them into the play as comedy. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some examples of <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang klitik</i></span> figures (flat wooden puppet)</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_2255-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Menak Jingga, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1953"><img alt="Menak Jingga, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1953" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_2255-6.jpg/249px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_2255-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="249" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_2255-6.jpg/373px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_2255-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_2255-6.jpg/497px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_2255-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="644" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menak_Jingga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menak Jingga (page does not exist)">Menak Jingga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1953</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Platte_houten_wajangpop_mogelijk_Damar_Wulan_TMnr_809-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Damar Wulan, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1933"><img alt="Damar Wulan, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1933" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Platte_houten_wajangpop_mogelijk_Damar_Wulan_TMnr_809-30.jpg/249px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Platte_houten_wajangpop_mogelijk_Damar_Wulan_TMnr_809-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="249" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Platte_houten_wajangpop_mogelijk_Damar_Wulan_TMnr_809-30.jpg/373px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Platte_houten_wajangpop_mogelijk_Damar_Wulan_TMnr_809-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Platte_houten_wajangpop_mogelijk_Damar_Wulan_TMnr_809-30.jpg/497px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Platte_houten_wajangpop_mogelijk_Damar_Wulan_TMnr_809-30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="644" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Damar_Wulan" class="mw-redirect" title="Damar Wulan">Damar Wulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1933</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_1964-24.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Demon, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1950"><img alt="Demon, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1950" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_1964-24.jpg/206px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_1964-24.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_1964-24.jpg/308px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_1964-24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_1964-24.jpg/411px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wayang_Kelitik_pop_Menak_Jingga_voorstellende_TMnr_1964-24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="778" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1950</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZP_05_Batara_Guru_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Figure of Batara Guru"><img alt="Figure of Batara Guru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/ZP_05_Batara_Guru_02.jpg/205px-ZP_05_Batara_Guru_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/ZP_05_Batara_Guru_02.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Figure of <a href="/wiki/Batara_Guru" title="Batara Guru">Batara Guru</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_5078-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duryudhana, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1986"><img alt="Duryudhana, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1986" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_5078-1.jpg/178px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_5078-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_5078-1.jpg/267px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_5078-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_5078-1.jpg/355px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_5078-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Duryudhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Duryudhana">Duryudhana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1986</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellend_Raden_Bratasena_TMnr_195-43.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brathasena, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1986"><img alt="Brathasena, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1986" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellend_Raden_Bratasena_TMnr_195-43.jpg/259px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellend_Raden_Bratasena_TMnr_195-43.jpg" decoding="async" width="259" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellend_Raden_Bratasena_TMnr_195-43.jpg/389px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellend_Raden_Bratasena_TMnr_195-43.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellend_Raden_Bratasena_TMnr_195-43.jpg/519px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellend_Raden_Bratasena_TMnr_195-43.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="617" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brathasena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brathasena (page does not exist)">Brathasena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, before 1986</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayang_beber"><i>Wayang beber</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Wayang beber"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wayang_beber" title="Wayang beber">Wayang beber</a></div> <p><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang beber</i></span> relies on scroll-painted presentations of the stories being told.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang beber</i></span> has strong similarities to narratives in the form of <a href="/wiki/Cantastoria" title="Cantastoria">illustrated ballads</a> that were common at annual fairs in medieval and early modern <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. They have also been subject to the same fate—they have nearly vanished, although there are still some groups of artists who support <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang beber</i></span> in places such as <a href="/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta</a> (Solo) in Central Java.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese visitors to Java during the 15th century described a storyteller who unrolled scrolls and told stories that made the audience laugh or cry. A few scrolls of images remain from those times, found today in museums. There are two sets, hand-painted on hand-made bark cloth, that are still owned by families who have inherited them from many generations ago, in Pacitan and Wonogiri, both villages in Central Java. Performances, mostly in small open-sided pavilions or auditoriums, take place according to the following pattern: </p><p>The <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dalang</i></span> gives a sign, the small gamelan orchestra with drummer and a few knobbed gongs and a musician with a <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab">rebab</a></i></span> (a violin-like instrument held vertically) begins to play, and the <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dalang</i></span> unrolls the first scroll of the story. Then, speaking and singing, he narrates the episode in more detail. In this manner, in the course of the evening he unrolls several scrolls one at a time. Each scene in the scrolls represents a story or part of a story. The content of the story typically stems from the Panji romances which are semi-historical legends set in the 12th–13th century East Javanese kingdoms of Jenggala, Daha and Kediri, and also in Bali.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some examples of <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang beber</i></span> scenes</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abb32,Gedompol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Final fight in alun-alun in Kediri, East Java. Tawang Alun kills Klana. Indonesia 17th century"><img alt="Final fight in alun-alun in Kediri, East Java. Tawang Alun kills Klana. Indonesia 17th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Abb32%2CGedompol.jpg/300px-Abb32%2CGedompol.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Abb32%2CGedompol.jpg/450px-Abb32%2CGedompol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Abb32%2CGedompol.jpg/600px-Abb32%2CGedompol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Final fight in <a href="/wiki/Alun-alun" title="Alun-alun">alun-alun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kediri_Regency" title="Kediri Regency">Kediri</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tawang_Alun" title="Tawang Alun">Tawang Alun</a> kills <a href="/wiki/Klana" title="Klana">Klana</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> 17th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abb36,Gedompol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Sekar Taji, mbok Kili (left), and Ganda Ripa or Panji (right) in the palace in Kediri, 17th century"><img alt="Princess Sekar Taji, mbok Kili (left), and Ganda Ripa or Panji (right) in the palace in Kediri, 17th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Abb36%2CGedompol.jpg/300px-Abb36%2CGedompol.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Abb36%2CGedompol.jpg/450px-Abb36%2CGedompol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Abb36%2CGedompol.jpg/600px-Abb36%2CGedompol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Princess <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekar_Taji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekar Taji (page does not exist)">Sekar Taji</a>, mbok Kili (left), and Ganda Ripa or <a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Panji</a> (right) in the palace in <a href="/wiki/Kediri_Regency" title="Kediri Regency">Kediri</a>, 17th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abb43,Geleran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radèn Gunung Sari on horse says goodbye to his advisers Tratag and Gimeng before travelling to princess Kumuda Ningrat, 18th century"><img alt="Radèn Gunung Sari on horse says goodbye to his advisers Tratag and Gimeng before travelling to princess Kumuda Ningrat, 18th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Abb43%2CGeleran.jpg/300px-Abb43%2CGeleran.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Abb43%2CGeleran.jpg/450px-Abb43%2CGeleran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Abb43%2CGeleran.jpg/600px-Abb43%2CGeleran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1271" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Radèn Gunung Sari on horse says goodbye to his advisers Tratag and Gimeng before travelling to princess Kumuda Ningrat, 18th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abb17,Gedompol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Sekar Taji and Panji meet in Paluhamba market, 17th century"><img alt="Princess Sekar Taji and Panji meet in Paluhamba market, 17th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Abb17%2CGedompol.jpg/300px-Abb17%2CGedompol.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Abb17%2CGedompol.jpg/450px-Abb17%2CGedompol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Abb17%2CGedompol.jpg/600px-Abb17%2CGedompol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Princess <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekar_Taji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekar Taji (page does not exist)">Sekar Taji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Panji</a> meet in Paluhamba market, 17th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abb31,Gedompol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Sekar Taji in palace garden approached by Klana, 17th century"><img alt="Princess Sekar Taji in palace garden approached by Klana, 17th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Abb31%2CGedompol.jpg/300px-Abb31%2CGedompol.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Abb31%2CGedompol.jpg/450px-Abb31%2CGedompol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Abb31%2CGedompol.jpg/600px-Abb31%2CGedompol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1001" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Princess <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekar_Taji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekar Taji (page does not exist)">Sekar Taji</a> in palace garden approached by <a href="/wiki/Klana" title="Klana">Klana</a>, 17th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abb68;Gelaran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Competition between Panji Sepuh (left) and Jaya Puspita (right), 18th century"><img alt="Competition between Panji Sepuh (left) and Jaya Puspita (right), 18th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Abb68%3BGelaran.jpg/300px-Abb68%3BGelaran.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Abb68%3BGelaran.jpg/450px-Abb68%3BGelaran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Abb68%3BGelaran.jpg/600px-Abb68%3BGelaran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="984" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Competition between <a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Panji</a> Sepuh (left) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaya_Puspita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaya Puspita (page does not exist)">Jaya Puspita</a> (right), 18th century</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayang_wong"><i>Wayang wong</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wayang wong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wayang_wong" title="Wayang wong">Wayang wong</a></div> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang wong</i></span>, also known as <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang orang</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">human <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), is a type of Javanese theatrical performance wherein human characters imitate the movements of a puppet show. The show also integrates dance by the human characters into the dramatic performance. It typically shows episodes of the <i>Ramayana</i> or the <i>Mahabharata</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some examples of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wong</i></span> scenes</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pandava and Krishna in a wayang wong performance"><img alt="Pandava and Krishna in a wayang wong performance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg/300px-Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg/450px-Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg/600px-Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1261" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pandava" title="Pandava">Pandava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> in a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wong</i></span> performance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duryodana_dalam_pertunjukan_wayang_wong_di_Semarang,_Jawa_Tengah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="King Duryodana in a wayang wong performance in Taman Budaya Rahmat Saleh, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia"><img alt="King Duryodana in a wayang wong performance in Taman Budaya Rahmat Saleh, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Duryodana_dalam_pertunjukan_wayang_wong_di_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg/300px-Duryodana_dalam_pertunjukan_wayang_wong_di_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Duryodana_dalam_pertunjukan_wayang_wong_di_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg/450px-Duryodana_dalam_pertunjukan_wayang_wong_di_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Duryodana_dalam_pertunjukan_wayang_wong_di_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg/600px-Duryodana_dalam_pertunjukan_wayang_wong_di_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3197" data-file-height="1798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">King <a href="/wiki/Duryodana" title="Duryodana">Duryodana</a> in a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wong</i></span> performance in Taman Budaya Rahmat Saleh, <a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pementasan_Wayang_Orang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giants in a wayang wong performance"><img alt="Giants in a wayang wong performance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pementasan_Wayang_Orang.jpg/300px-Pementasan_Wayang_Orang.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pementasan_Wayang_Orang.jpg/450px-Pementasan_Wayang_Orang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pementasan_Wayang_Orang.jpg/600px-Pementasan_Wayang_Orang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Giants in a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wong</i></span> performance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punakawan_di_Taman_Budaya_Rahmat_Saleh,_Semarang,_Jawa_Tengah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Punokawan in a wayang wong performance"><img alt="Punokawan in a wayang wong performance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Punakawan_di_Taman_Budaya_Rahmat_Saleh%2C_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg/300px-Punakawan_di_Taman_Budaya_Rahmat_Saleh%2C_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Punakawan_di_Taman_Budaya_Rahmat_Saleh%2C_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg/450px-Punakawan_di_Taman_Budaya_Rahmat_Saleh%2C_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Punakawan_di_Taman_Budaya_Rahmat_Saleh%2C_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg/600px-Punakawan_di_Taman_Budaya_Rahmat_Saleh%2C_Semarang%2C_Jawa_Tengah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3197" data-file-height="1798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Punokawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Punokawan">Punokawan</a></i> in a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wong</i></span> performance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rama_dan_Sinta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rama and Shinta in a wayang wong Ramayana Ballet performance"><img alt="Rama and Shinta in a wayang wong Ramayana Ballet performance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Rama_dan_Sinta.jpg/300px-Rama_dan_Sinta.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Rama_dan_Sinta.jpg/450px-Rama_dan_Sinta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Rama_dan_Sinta.jpg/600px-Rama_dan_Sinta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1999" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Shinta</a> in a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wong</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Ramayana_Ballet" title="Ramayana Ballet">Ramayana Ballet</a> performance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Orang_Taman_Sriwedari.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Opening of wayang wong performance, usually showing traditional Javanese dance"><img alt="Opening of wayang wong performance, usually showing traditional Javanese dance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wayang_Orang_Taman_Sriwedari.jpg/267px-Wayang_Orang_Taman_Sriwedari.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wayang_Orang_Taman_Sriwedari.jpg/401px-Wayang_Orang_Taman_Sriwedari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wayang_Orang_Taman_Sriwedari.jpg/534px-Wayang_Orang_Taman_Sriwedari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Opening of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wong</i></span> performance, usually showing traditional <a href="/wiki/Javanese_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanese dance">Javanese dance</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayang_topeng"><i>Wayang topeng</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Wayang topeng"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang topeng</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦠꦺꦴꦥꦺꦁ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang topèng</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002757_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002757-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang gedhog</i></span> (<span title="Javanese-language text"><span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦒꦼꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> theatrical performances take themes from the <a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Panji cycle</a> of stories from the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Janggala" title="Janggala">Janggala</a>. The players wear masks known as <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang topeng</i></span> or <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang gedhog</i></span>. The word <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">gedhog</i></span> comes from <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">kedhok</i></span> (<span title="Javanese-language text"><span lang="jv">ꦏꦼꦝꦺꦴꦏ꧀</span></span>) which, like <i><a href="/wiki/Topeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Topeng">topeng</a></i>, means 'mask'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002347_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002347-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang gedhog</i></span> centers on a love story about Princess Candra Kirana of <a href="/wiki/Kediri_(historical_kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kediri (historical kingdom)">Kediri</a> and Raden Panji Asmarabangun, the legendary crown prince of Janggala. Candra Kirana was the incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Dewi Ratih</a> (the Hindu goddess of love) and Panji was an incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Kamadeva" title="Kamadeva">Kamajaya</a> (the Hindu god of love). Kirana's story has been given the title <i><a href="/wiki/Smaradahana" title="Smaradahana">Smaradahana</a></i> ("The fire of love"). At the end of the complicated story they finally marry and bring forth a son named Raja Putra. Originally, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wong</i></span> was performed only as an aristocratic entertainment in the palaces of <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta</a>. In the course of time, it spread to become a popular and folk form as well. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some examples of <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang topeng</i></span> scenes</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menari_Topeng_Malang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dancing wayang topeng in Malang"><img alt="Dancing wayang topeng in Malang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Menari_Topeng_Malang.jpg/300px-Menari_Topeng_Malang.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Menari_Topeng_Malang.jpg/450px-Menari_Topeng_Malang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Menari_Topeng_Malang.jpg/600px-Menari_Topeng_Malang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dancing <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang topeng</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Malang" title="Malang">Malang</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_groep_wajang_topeng_spelers_TMnr_60027221.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Studio portrait of wayang topeng actors"><img alt="Studio portrait of wayang topeng actors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_groep_wajang_topeng_spelers_TMnr_60027221.jpg/271px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_groep_wajang_topeng_spelers_TMnr_60027221.jpg" decoding="async" width="271" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_groep_wajang_topeng_spelers_TMnr_60027221.jpg/406px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_groep_wajang_topeng_spelers_TMnr_60027221.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_groep_wajang_topeng_spelers_TMnr_60027221.jpg/542px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_groep_wajang_topeng_spelers_TMnr_60027221.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Studio portrait of <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang topeng</i></span> actors</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_bij_de_regent_van_Malang_TMnr_10017908.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang topeng Malang"><img alt="Wayang topeng Malang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_bij_de_regent_van_Malang_TMnr_10017908.jpg/257px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_bij_de_regent_van_Malang_TMnr_10017908.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_bij_de_regent_van_Malang_TMnr_10017908.jpg/385px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_bij_de_regent_van_Malang_TMnr_10017908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_bij_de_regent_van_Malang_TMnr_10017908.jpg/514px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_bij_de_regent_van_Malang_TMnr_10017908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="545" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang topeng</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Malang" title="Malang">Malang</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_TMnr_60018012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang topeng in Java"><img alt="Wayang topeng in Java" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_TMnr_60018012.jpg/276px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_TMnr_60018012.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_TMnr_60018012.jpg/414px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_TMnr_60018012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_TMnr_60018012.jpg/552px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_TMnr_60018012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang topeng</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_groep_wajang_wong_spelers_in_de_buitenlucht_TMnr_60043366.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang topeng in Java"><img alt="Wayang topeng in Java" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_groep_wajang_wong_spelers_in_de_buitenlucht_TMnr_60043366.jpg/288px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_groep_wajang_wong_spelers_in_de_buitenlucht_TMnr_60043366.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_groep_wajang_wong_spelers_in_de_buitenlucht_TMnr_60043366.jpg/431px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_groep_wajang_wong_spelers_in_de_buitenlucht_TMnr_60043366.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_groep_wajang_wong_spelers_in_de_buitenlucht_TMnr_60043366.jpg/575px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_groep_wajang_wong_spelers_in_de_buitenlucht_TMnr_60043366.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang topeng</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_aan_het_hof_van_de_Sultan_van_Jogjakarta_TMnr_60046822.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang topeng in Java"><img alt="Wayang topeng in Java" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_aan_het_hof_van_de_Sultan_van_Jogjakarta_TMnr_60046822.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_aan_het_hof_van_de_Sultan_van_Jogjakarta_TMnr_60046822.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_aan_het_hof_van_de_Sultan_van_Jogjakarta_TMnr_60046822.jpg/450px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_aan_het_hof_van_de_Sultan_van_Jogjakarta_TMnr_60046822.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_aan_het_hof_van_de_Sultan_van_Jogjakarta_TMnr_60046822.jpg/600px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_wong_voorstelling_aan_het_hof_van_de_Sultan_van_Jogjakarta_TMnr_60046822.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="458" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang topeng</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stories">Stories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Stories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> characters are derived from several groups of stories and settings. The most popular and the most ancient is <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang purwa</i></span>, whose story and characters were derived from the Indian Hindu epics the <i>Ramayana</i> and <i>Mahabharata</i>, set in the ancient kingdoms of Hastinapura, Ayodhya, and Alengkapura (Lanka). Another group of characters is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Panji cycle</a>, natively developed in Java during the <a href="/wiki/Kediri_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kediri Kingdom">Kediri Kingdom</a>; these stories are set in the twin Javanese kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Janggala" title="Janggala">Janggala</a> and Panjalu (Kediri). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayang_purwa"><i>Wayang purwa</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Wayang purwa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang purwa</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦥꦸꦂꦮ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'ancient <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>')<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refer to <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> that are based on the Hindu epics the <i>Ramayana</i> and <i>Mahabharata</i>. They are usually performed as <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span>, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span>, and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wong</i></span> dance dramas.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>, popular <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> characters include the following (Notopertomo & Jatirahayu 2001):<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Satriya</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhima" title="Bhima">Bima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushasana" title="Dushasana">Dursasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakula" title="Nakula">Nakula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahadeva" title="Sahadeva">Sadewa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antareja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antareja (page does not exist)">Antareja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghatotkaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghatotkaca">Ghatotkaca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antasena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antasena (page does not exist)">Antasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abimanyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Abimanyu">Abimanyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisanggeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wisanggeni (page does not exist)">Wisanggeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Irawan">Irawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumantri" title="Sumantri">Sumantri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibishana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibishana">Wibisana</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kartavirya_Arjuna" title="Kartavirya Arjuna">Arjuna Sasrabahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama Wijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasamuka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasamuka">Dasamuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhritarashtra" title="Dhritarashtra">Destarata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandu" title="Pandu">Pandu Dewanata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subali" class="mw-redirect" title="Subali">Subali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sugriva" title="Sugriva">Sugriwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharata_(Mahabharata)" title="Bharata (Mahabharata)">Barata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Baladewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duryodhana" title="Duryodhana">Duryudana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Kresna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karna" title="Karna">Karna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yudhishthira" title="Yudhishthira">Yudhistira</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Dewa</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Sang Hyang Tunggal</a></li> <li>Sang Hyang Wenang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narada" title="Narada">Batara Narada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batara_Guru" title="Batara Guru">Batara Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewa_Ruci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewa Ruci (page does not exist)">Dewa Ruci</a></li> <li>Batara <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li>Batara <a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li>Batara <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Wisnu</a></li> <li>Sang Hyang <a href="/wiki/Nagaraja" title="Nagaraja">Nagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandi_bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandi bull">Lembu Andini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Batara Ganesha</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">Resi</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Anoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhisma" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhisma">Bhisma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drona" title="Drona">Durna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Rama Bargawa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Princess" title="Princess">Putri</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunti" title="Kunti">Kunti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draupadi" title="Draupadi">Drupadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhadra" title="Subhadra">Sumbadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikhandi" title="Shikhandi">Srikandi</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Punakawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Punakawan">Abdi</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semar" title="Semar">Semar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gareng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gareng (page does not exist)">Gareng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petruk" title="Petruk">Petruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cepot" title="Cepot">Bagong</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Raksasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Raksasa">Raksasa</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumbakarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbakarna">Kumbakarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shurpanakha" title="Shurpanakha">Sarpakanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrajit" title="Indrajit">Indrajit Megananda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukrasana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukrasana (page does not exist)">Sukrasana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalabendana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalabendana (page does not exist)">Kalabendana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cakil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cakil (page does not exist)">Cakil</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang purwa</i></span> figures from Balinese <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit Anggada, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang kulit Anggada, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Anggada_TMnr_15-954-31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Anggada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anggada">Anggada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, Indonesia, before 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit Jayadrata, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang kulit Jayadrata, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Jayadrata_TMnr_15-954-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Jayadrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayadrata">Jayadrata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, Indonesia, before 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit Kendran, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang kulit Kendran, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg/267px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg/533px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Kendran_TMnr_15-954-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kendran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kendran (page does not exist)">Kendran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, Indonesia, before 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit Sangruda, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang kulit Sangruda, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Sangruda_TMnr_15-954-40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Sangruda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangruda">Sangruda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, Indonesia, before 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit Duryadana, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang kulit Duryadana, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Duryadana_TMnr_15-954-91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Duryadana" class="mw-redirect" title="Duryadana">Duryadana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, Indonesia, before 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit Gatakaca, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900"><img alt="Wayang kulit Gatakaca, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg/267px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg/533px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_voorstellende_Gatakaca_TMnr_15-954-93.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Gatakaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatakaca">Gatakaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a> collection, Indonesia, before 1900</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayang_panji"><i>Wayang panji</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Wayang panji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Derived from the <a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Panji cycles</a>, natively developed in Java during the <a href="/wiki/Kediri_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kediri Kingdom">Kediri Kingdom</a>, the story set in the twin Javanese kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Janggala" title="Janggala">Janggala</a> and Panjalu (Kediri). Its form of expressions are usually performed as <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang gedhog</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">masked <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wong</i></span> dance dramas of Java and Bali. </p> <ul><li>Raden Panji, alias Panji Asmoro Bangun, alias Panji Kuda Wanengpati, alias Inu Kertapati</li> <li>Galuh Chandra Kirana, alias Sekartaji</li> <li>Panji Semirang, alias Kuda Narawangsa, the male disguise of Princess Kirana</li> <li>Anggraeni</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayang_Menak"><i>Wayang Menak</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Wayang Menak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menak_Amir_Hamza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Menak_Amir_Hamza.jpg/260px-Menak_Amir_Hamza.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Menak_Amir_Hamza.jpg/390px-Menak_Amir_Hamza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Menak_Amir_Hamza.jpg/520px-Menak_Amir_Hamza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2133" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Menak</i></span> Amir Hamzah manuscripts, before 1792.</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Menak</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦩꦺꦤꦏ꧀</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Ménak</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002475_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002475-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a cycle of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> puppet plays that feature the heroic exploits of Wong Agung Jayengrana, who is based on the 12th-century Muslim literary hero <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Abdul-Muttalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib">Amir Hamzah</a>. <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Menak</i></span> stories have been performed in the islands of Java and Lombok in the Indonesian archipelago for several hundred years. They are predominantly performed in Java as <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span>, or wooden rod-puppets, but also can be found on Lombok as the shadow puppet tradition, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang sasak</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek menak</i></span> tradition most likely originated along the north coast of Java under Chinese Muslim influences and spread East and South and is now most commonly found in the South Coastal region of Kabumen and Yogyakarta.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Ménak</i></span> is a Javanese honorific title that is given to people who are recognized at court for their exemplary character even though they are not nobly born. Jayengrana is just such a character who inspires allegiance and devotion through his selfless modesty and his devotion to a monotheistic faith called the "Religion of Abraham." Jayengrana and his numerous followers do battle with the pagan faiths that threaten their peaceable realm of Koparman. The chief instigator of trouble is Pati Bestak, counselor to King Nuresewan, who goads pagan kings to capture Jayengrana's wife Dewi Munninggar. The pagan Kings eventually fail to capture her and either submit to Jayengrana and renounce their pagan faith or die swiftly in combat. </p><p>The literary figure of Amir Hamzah is loosely based on the historic person of <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Abdul-Muttalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib">Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib</a> who was the paternal uncle of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. Hamzah was a fierce warrior who fought alongside Muhammad and died in the battle of Uhud in 624 CE. the literary tradition traveled from Persia to India and from then on to Southeast Asia where the court poet Yasadipura I (1729-1802) set down the epic in the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese language</a> in the <i>Serat Menak</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wooden <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang menak</i></span> is similar in shape to <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span>; it is most prevalent on the northern coast of Central Java, especially the <a href="/wiki/Kudus_Regency" title="Kudus Regency">Kudus</a> area. </p> <ul><li>Wong Agung Jayengrana/Amir Ambyah/<a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Abdul-Muttalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib">Amir Hamzah</a></li> <li>Prabu Nursewan</li> <li>Umar Maya</li> <li>Umar Madi</li> <li>Dewi Retna Muninggar</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Menak</i></span> figures from Javanese <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Amir_Hamza_alias_Menak_alias_Jayengrana_voorstellend_TMnr_6148-5-4a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang golek menak, Jayengrana, a collection from Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003"><img alt="Wayang golek menak, Jayengrana, a collection from Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Amir_Hamza_alias_Menak_alias_Jayengrana_voorstellend_TMnr_6148-5-4a.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Amir_Hamza_alias_Menak_alias_Jayengrana_voorstellend_TMnr_6148-5-4a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Amir_Hamza_alias_Menak_alias_Jayengrana_voorstellend_TMnr_6148-5-4a.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Amir_Hamza_alias_Menak_alias_Jayengrana_voorstellend_TMnr_6148-5-4a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Amir_Hamza_alias_Menak_alias_Jayengrana_voorstellend_TMnr_6148-5-4a.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Amir_Hamza_alias_Menak_alias_Jayengrana_voorstellend_TMnr_6148-5-4a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek menak</i></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jayengrana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jayengrana (page does not exist)">Jayengrana</a>, a collection from <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a>, the Netherlands, before 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Umarmaya_voorstellende_TMnr_6148-5-1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang golek menak, Umarmaya, a collection at Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003"><img alt="Wayang golek menak, Umarmaya, a collection at Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Umarmaya_voorstellende_TMnr_6148-5-1a.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Umarmaya_voorstellende_TMnr_6148-5-1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Umarmaya_voorstellende_TMnr_6148-5-1a.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Umarmaya_voorstellende_TMnr_6148-5-1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Umarmaya_voorstellende_TMnr_6148-5-1a.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_Umarmaya_voorstellende_TMnr_6148-5-1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek menak</i></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umarmaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umarmaya (page does not exist)">Umarmaya</a>, a collection at <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a>, the Netherlands, before 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang golek menak, Umarmadi, a collection at Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003"><img alt="Wayang golek menak, Umarmadi, a collection at Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-7.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-7.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-7.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek menak</i></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umarmadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umarmadi (page does not exist)">Umarmadi</a>, a collection at <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a>, the Netherlands, before 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang golek menak, Jiweng, a collection at Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003"><img alt="Wayang golek menak, Jiweng, a collection at Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-5.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-5.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-5.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek menak</i></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiweng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiweng (page does not exist)">Jiweng</a>, a collection at <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a>, the Netherlands, before 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-6a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang golek menak, Putri Murtinjung, a collection at Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003"><img alt="Wayang golek menak, Putri Murtinjung, a collection at Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-6a.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-6a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-6a.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-6a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-6a.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-6a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek menak</i></span>, Putri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murtinjung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murtinjung (page does not exist)">Murtinjung</a>, a collection at <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a>, the Netherlands, before 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-8a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang golek menak, King Maktal (Albania), a collection at Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003"><img alt="Wayang golek menak, King Maktal (Albania), a collection at Tropenmuseum, the Netherlands, before 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-8a.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-8a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-8a.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-8a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-8a.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Houten_wajangpop_TMnr_6148-5-8a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek menak</i></span>, King <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maktal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maktal (page does not exist)">Maktal</a> (Albania), a collection at <a href="/wiki/Tropenmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropenmuseum">Tropenmuseum</a>, the Netherlands, before 2003</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayang_kancil"><i>Wayang kancil</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Wayang kancil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kancil</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦏꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦭ꧀</span>) is a type of shadow puppet with the main character of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">kancil</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦏꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦭ꧀</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002332_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002332-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other animal stories taken from <i><a href="/wiki/Hitopadesha" title="Hitopadesha">Hitopadeça</a></i> and <i>Tantri Kamandaka</i>. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kancil</i></span> was created by <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Giri" title="Sunan Giri">Sunan Giri</a> at the end of the 15th century and is used as a medium for preaching Islam in <a href="/wiki/Gresik" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresik">Gresik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jakarta_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jakarta-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">kancil</i></span> is very popular with the children, has a humorous element, and can be used as a medium of education because the message conveyed through the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kancil</i></span> media is very good for children.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:EDITORIALIZING" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:EDITORIALIZING"><span title="A statement that draws an independent conclusion. (March 2022)">editorializing</span></a></i>]</sup> <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kancil</i></span> is not different from <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span>; <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kancil</i></span> is also made from buffalo skin. Even the playing is not much different, accompanied by a <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a>. The language used by the puppeteer depends on the location of the performance and the type of audience. If the audience is a child, generally the puppeteer uses Javanese Ngoko in its entirety, but sometimes Krama Madya and Krama Inggil are inserted in human scenes. The puppets are carved, painted, drawn realistically, and adapted to the puppet performance. The colors in the detail of the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kancil sunggingan</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦏꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦭꦱꦸꦁꦔꦶꦁꦔꦤ꧀</span>) are very interesting and varied. Figures depicted in the form of prey animals such as tigers, elephants, buffaloes, cows, reptiles, and fowl such as crocodiles, lizards, snakes, various types of birds, and other animals related to the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">kancil</i></span> tale. There are also human figures, including Pak Tani and Bu Tani, but there are not many human figures narrated. The total number of puppets is only about 100 pieces per set. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 1715px;"> <li class="gallerycaption"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Kancil</i></span> figures in <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dwerghert_TMnr_6189-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kancil"><img alt="Kancil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dwerghert_TMnr_6189-5.jpg/196px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dwerghert_TMnr_6189-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dwerghert_TMnr_6189-5.jpg/294px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dwerghert_TMnr_6189-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dwerghert_TMnr_6189-5.jpg/392px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dwerghert_TMnr_6189-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Kancil</i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_hond_TMnr_6189-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Srigala"><img alt="Srigala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_hond_TMnr_6189-4.jpg/207px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_hond_TMnr_6189-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_hond_TMnr_6189-4.jpg/310px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_hond_TMnr_6189-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_hond_TMnr_6189-4.jpg/414px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_hond_TMnr_6189-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Srigala</i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_tijger_TMnr_6189-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Macan"><img alt="Macan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_tijger_TMnr_6189-6.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_tijger_TMnr_6189-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_tijger_TMnr_6189-6.jpg/450px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_tijger_TMnr_6189-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_tijger_TMnr_6189-6.jpg/600px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_tijger_TMnr_6189-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Macan</i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_krokodil_TMnr_6189-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baya"><img alt="Baya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_krokodil_TMnr_6189-7.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_krokodil_TMnr_6189-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_krokodil_TMnr_6189-7.jpg/450px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_krokodil_TMnr_6189-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_krokodil_TMnr_6189-7.jpg/600px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_krokodil_TMnr_6189-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="524" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Baya</i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_slak_TMnr_6189-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Keong"><img alt="Keong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_slak_TMnr_6189-9.jpg/133px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_slak_TMnr_6189-9.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_slak_TMnr_6189-9.jpg/199px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_slak_TMnr_6189-9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_slak_TMnr_6189-9.jpg/265px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_slak_TMnr_6189-9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Keong</i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dochter_van_de_boer_TMnr_6189-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nenek Petani"><img alt="Nenek Petani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dochter_van_de_boer_TMnr_6189-3.jpg/267px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dochter_van_de_boer_TMnr_6189-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dochter_van_de_boer_TMnr_6189-3.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dochter_van_de_boer_TMnr_6189-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dochter_van_de_boer_TMnr_6189-3.jpg/533px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajang_Kantjil_pop_dochter_van_de_boer_TMnr_6189-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Nenek Petani</i></span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_stories">Other stories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other stories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Wahyu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Wayang_Wahyu.jpg/220px-Wayang_Wahyu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Wayang_Wahyu.jpg/330px-Wayang_Wahyu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Wayang_Wahyu.jpg/440px-Wayang_Wahyu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang wahyu</i></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The historically popular <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> typically is based on the Hindu epics the <i>Mahabharata</i> and the <i>Ramayana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-poplawska194_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poplawska194-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, the Christian missionary effort adopted the art form to create <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang wahyu</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦮꦃꦪꦸ</span>). The Javanese <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> Brother Timotheus L. Wignyosubroto used the show to communicate to the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> and other Indonesians the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in a manner accessible to the audience.<sup id="cite_ref-poplawska194_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poplawska194-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang sadat</i></span> (<span title="Javanese-language text"><span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦱꦢꦠ꧀</span></span>) has deployed <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> for the religious teachings of Islam, while <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang Pancasila</i></span> (<span title="Javanese-language text"><span lang="jv">ꦮꦪꦁꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦱꦶꦭ</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has used it as a medium for national politics.<sup id="cite_ref-poplawska194_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poplawska194-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have also been attempts to retell modern fiction with the art of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>, most famously <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> as done by Malaysians Tintuoy Chuo and Dalang Pak Dain.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_context">Cultural context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cultural context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its initial function, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> is a ritual intended for ancestral spirits of the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hyang" title="Hyang">hyang</a></i></span> belief. Furthermore, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> undergoes a shift in role, namely as a medium for social communication. The plays that are performed in the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>, usually hold several values, such as <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>, and teachings of <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> functions as an effective medium in conveying messages, information, and lessons. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> was used as an effective medium in spreading <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religions</a> ranging from <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Because of the flexibility of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> puppets, they still exist today and are used for various purposes. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> functions can be grouped into three, namely: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tatanan_(norms_and_values)"><span id="Tatanan_.28norms_and_values.29"></span><i>Tatanan</i> (norms and values)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Tatanan (norms and values)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> is a performance medium that can contain all aspects of human life. Human thoughts, whether related to <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social" title="Social">social</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defense_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense (military)">defense</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Security" title="Security">security</a>, can be contained in <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>. In the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> puppets contain order, namely a <a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">norm</a> or convention that contains <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">moral</a> <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>). These norms or conventions are agreed upon and used as guidelines for the mastermind artists. In the puppet show, there are rules of the game along with the procedures for puppetry and how to play the puppet, from generation to generation and tradition, over time it becomes something that is agreed upon as a guideline (convention). </p><p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> is an educational medium that focuses on moral and character education. Character education is something that is urgent and fundamental; character education can form a person who has good behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-Pelajaran_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pelajaran-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuntunan_(guidelines)"><span id="Tuntunan_.28guidelines.29"></span><i>Tuntunan</i> (guidelines)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tuntunan (guidelines)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> is a communicative medium in society. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> is used as a means of understanding a tradition, an approach to society, lighting,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and disseminating values. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> as a medium for character education lies not only in the elements of the story, the stage, the instruments, and the art of puppetry, but also the embodiment of values in each <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> character. The embodiment of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> characters can describe a person's character. From the puppet one can learn about <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leadership</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">courage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Determination" title="Determination">determination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honesty" title="Honesty">honesty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sincerity" title="Sincerity">sincerity</a>. Apart from that, the puppets can reflect the nature of <a href="/wiki/Anger" title="Anger">anger</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Greed" title="Greed">greed</a>, jealousy, envy, <a href="/wiki/Cruelty" title="Cruelty">cruelty</a>, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ambition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ambition">ambition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pelajaran_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pelajaran-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tontonan_(entertainment)"><span id="Tontonan_.28entertainment.29"></span><i>Tontonan</i> (entertainment)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tontonan (entertainment)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> puppet performances are a form of entertainment (<span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">tontonan</i></span>) for the community. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> performances in the form of theatre performances are still very popular especially in the islands of Java and Bali. Puppet shows are still the favorite of the community and are often included in <a href="/wiki/TV" class="mw-redirect" title="TV">TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> performances present a variety of arts such as drama, music, dance, literary arts, and fine arts. Dialogue between characters, narrative expressions (<span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">janturan</i></span>, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">pocapan</i></span>, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">carita</i></span>), <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">suluk</i></span>, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">kombangan</i></span>, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">dhodhogan</i></span>, and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">kepyakan</i></span> are important elements in <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> performances.<sup id="cite_ref-Pelajaran_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pelajaran-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artist">Artist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Artist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dalang">Dalang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Dalang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentas_Wayang_Kulit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Pentas_Wayang_Kulit.jpg/300px-Pentas_Wayang_Kulit.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Pentas_Wayang_Kulit.jpg/450px-Pentas_Wayang_Kulit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Pentas_Wayang_Kulit.jpg/600px-Pentas_Wayang_Kulit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Dalang</i></span> (puppet master), <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">sindhen</i></span> (traditional Javanese singer), and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wiyaga</i></span> (gamelan musicians) in a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> show in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_Wayang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Museum_Wayang.jpg/300px-Museum_Wayang.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Museum_Wayang.jpg/450px-Museum_Wayang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Museum_Wayang.jpg/600px-Museum_Wayang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The front view of the Wayang Museum seen from <a href="/wiki/Fatahillah_Square" title="Fatahillah Square">Fatahillah Square</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Taman Fatahillah</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Dalang_(puppeteer)" title="Dalang (puppeteer)">dalang</a></i></span>, sometimes referred to as <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">dhalang</i></span> or <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">kawi dalang</i></span>, is the puppeteer behind the performance.<sup id="cite_ref-britwayang2_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britwayang2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin2001p1842-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is he who sits behind the screen, sings and narrates the dialogues of different characters of the story.<sup id="cite_ref-liu175_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liu175-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a traditional orchestra in the background to provide a resonant melody and its conventional rhythm, the <i>dalang</i> modulates his voice to create suspense, thus heightening the drama. Invariably, the play climaxes with the triumph of good over evil. The <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dalang</i></span> is highly respected in Indonesian culture for his knowledge, art and as a spiritual person capable of bringing to life the spiritual stories in the religious epics.<sup id="cite_ref-britwayang2_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britwayang2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin2001p1842-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-liu175_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liu175-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The figures of the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> are also present in the paintings of that time, for example, the roof murals of the courtroom in <a href="/wiki/Klungkung" class="mw-redirect" title="Klungkung">Klungkung</a>, Bali. They are still present in traditional Balinese painting today. The figures are painted, flat (5 to at most 15 mm — about half an inch — thick) woodcarvings with movable arms. The head is solidly attached to the body. <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang klitik</i></span> can be used to perform puppet plays either during the day or at night. This type of <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> is relatively rare.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> today is both the most ancient and the most popular form of puppet theatre in the world. Hundreds of people will stay up all night long to watch the superstar performers, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dalang</i></span>, who command extravagant fees and are international celebrities. Some of the most famous <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dalang</i></span> in recent history are Ki Nartosabdho, Ki Anom Suroto, Ki <a href="/wiki/Asep_Sunandar_Sunarya" title="Asep Sunandar Sunarya">Asep Sunandar Sunarya</a>, Ki Sugino, and Ki Manteb Sudarsono.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sindhen"><i>Sindhen</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sindhen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pasindh%C3%A8n" title="Pasindhèn">Pasindhèn</a><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Pesindhén</i></span> or <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">sindhén</i></span> (from Javanese) is the term for a woman who sings to accompany a gamelan orchestra, generally as the sole singer. A good singer must have extensive communication skills and good vocal skills as well as the ability to sing many songs. The title <i>Sinden</i> comes from the word <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Pasindhian</i></span> which means 'rich in songs' or 'who sing the song'. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Pesindhen</i></span> can be interpreted as someone singing a song. In addition, <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">sinden</i></span> is also commonly referred to as <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">waranggana</i></span> which is taken from a combination of the words <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wara</i></span> and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">anggana</i></span>. The word <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wara</i></span> itself means 'someone who is female' and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">anggana</i></span> which means 'itself'; in ancient times, the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">waranggana</i></span> was the only woman in the <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> or <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">klenengan</i></span> performance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wiyaga"><i>Wiyaga</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Wiyaga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wiyaga</i></span> is a term in the musical arts which means a group of people who have special skills playing the gamelan, especially in accompanying traditional ceremonies and performing arts. <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wiyaga</i></span> is also called <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">niyaga</i></span> or <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">nayaga</i></span> which means 'gamelan musician'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wayang_Museum">Wayang Museum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Wayang Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Wayang_Museum" title="Wayang Museum">Wayang Museum</a> is located in the tourist area of the <a href="/wiki/Kota_Tua_Jakarta" title="Kota Tua Jakarta">Kota Tua Jakarta</a> (old city) in Jalan Pintu Besar Utara No.27, Jakarta 11110, Indonesia. The Wayang Museum is adjacent to the Jakarta Historical Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_Wayang_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum_Wayang-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This museum has various types of Indonesian <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> collections such as <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span>, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span>, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang klitik</i></span>, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang suket</i></span>, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang beber</i></span>, and another Indonesian <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="which one? (March 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There is also a collection of masks (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Topeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Topeng">topeng</a></i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a>, and <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> paintings. The collections are not only from Indonesia, but there are many collections of puppets from various countries such as <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and many other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Wayang Puppet Theater</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 320.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 318.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Painting_of_Bharatayudha_Battle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang glass painting depiction of Bharatayudha battle."><img alt="Wayang glass painting depiction of Bharatayudha battle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Wayang_Painting_of_Bharatayudha_Battle.jpg/478px-Wayang_Painting_of_Bharatayudha_Battle.jpg" decoding="async" width="319" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Wayang_Painting_of_Bharatayudha_Battle.jpg/717px-Wayang_Painting_of_Bharatayudha_Battle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Wayang_Painting_of_Bharatayudha_Battle.jpg/956px-Wayang_Painting_of_Bharatayudha_Battle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1441" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> glass painting depiction of Bharatayudha battle.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 313.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 311.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gong_Chimes_and_percussion,_Musical_Instrument_Museum,_Phoenix,_Arizona.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A wayang kulit set and a gamelan ensemble collection, Indonesia section at the Musical Instrument Museum, Phoenix, Arizona, United States."><img alt="A wayang kulit set and a gamelan ensemble collection, Indonesia section at the Musical Instrument Museum, Phoenix, Arizona, United States." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gong_Chimes_and_percussion%2C_Musical_Instrument_Museum%2C_Phoenix%2C_Arizona.jpg/467px-Gong_Chimes_and_percussion%2C_Musical_Instrument_Museum%2C_Phoenix%2C_Arizona.jpg" decoding="async" width="312" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gong_Chimes_and_percussion%2C_Musical_Instrument_Museum%2C_Phoenix%2C_Arizona.jpg/700px-Gong_Chimes_and_percussion%2C_Musical_Instrument_Museum%2C_Phoenix%2C_Arizona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gong_Chimes_and_percussion%2C_Musical_Instrument_Museum%2C_Phoenix%2C_Arizona.jpg/933px-Gong_Chimes_and_percussion%2C_Musical_Instrument_Museum%2C_Phoenix%2C_Arizona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3391" data-file-height="1963" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small>A <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang kulit</i></span> set and a <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> ensemble collection, Indonesia section at the <a href="/wiki/Musical_Instrument_Museum_(Phoenix)" title="Musical Instrument Museum (Phoenix)">Musical Instrument Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 322px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 320px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SANG_DALANG.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A wayang show in Java, Indonesia, presenting a wayang puppet."><img alt="A wayang show in Java, Indonesia, presenting a wayang puppet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SANG_DALANG.jpg/480px-SANG_DALANG.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SANG_DALANG.jpg/720px-SANG_DALANG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SANG_DALANG.jpg/960px-SANG_DALANG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4180" data-file-height="2351" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small>A <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> show in <a href="/wiki/Java_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Java island">Java</a>, Indonesia, presenting a <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">wayang</i></span> puppet.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang golek (3D wooden puppet), Gatot Kaca, Indonesia in 2017."><img alt="Wayang golek (3D wooden puppet), Gatot Kaca, Indonesia in 2017." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dalang.jpg/405px-Dalang.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dalang.jpg/608px-Dalang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dalang.jpg/810px-Dalang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek</i></span> (3D wooden puppet), <a href="/wiki/Gatot_Kaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatot Kaca">Gatot Kaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> in 2017.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Golek_Sunda_PRJ_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sundanese wayang golek (3D wooden puppet), Indonesia."><img alt="Sundanese wayang golek (3D wooden puppet), Indonesia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wayang_Golek_Sunda_PRJ_1.jpg/261px-Wayang_Golek_Sunda_PRJ_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wayang_Golek_Sunda_PRJ_1.jpg/392px-Wayang_Golek_Sunda_PRJ_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wayang_Golek_Sunda_PRJ_1.jpg/522px-Wayang_Golek_Sunda_PRJ_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="2052" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a> <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek</i></span> (3D wooden puppet), <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_kelitik_voorstelling_met_gamelanorkest_in_Ngandong_TMnr_60023519.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A wayang klitik (flat wooden puppet) performance with a gamelan orchestra in Ngandong, Java, in 1918."><img alt="A wayang klitik (flat wooden puppet) performance with a gamelan orchestra in Ngandong, Java, in 1918." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_kelitik_voorstelling_met_gamelanorkest_in_Ngandong_TMnr_60023519.jpg/369px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_kelitik_voorstelling_met_gamelanorkest_in_Ngandong_TMnr_60023519.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_kelitik_voorstelling_met_gamelanorkest_in_Ngandong_TMnr_60023519.jpg/554px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_kelitik_voorstelling_met_gamelanorkest_in_Ngandong_TMnr_60023519.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_wajang_kelitik_voorstelling_met_gamelanorkest_in_Ngandong_TMnr_60023519.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small>A <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang klitik</i></span> (flat wooden puppet) performance with a gamelan orchestra in <a href="/wiki/Ngandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngandong">Ngandong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, in 1918.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 231.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 229.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_gamelanorkest_begeleidt_het_schaduwpoppenspel_Wajang_koelit._TMnr_60003354.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit (shadow puppet show) accompanied by a gamelan ensemble in Java, c. 1870."><img alt="Wayang kulit (shadow puppet show) accompanied by a gamelan ensemble in Java, c. 1870." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_gamelanorkest_begeleidt_het_schaduwpoppenspel_Wajang_koelit._TMnr_60003354.jpg/344px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_gamelanorkest_begeleidt_het_schaduwpoppenspel_Wajang_koelit._TMnr_60003354.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_gamelanorkest_begeleidt_het_schaduwpoppenspel_Wajang_koelit._TMnr_60003354.jpg/516px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_gamelanorkest_begeleidt_het_schaduwpoppenspel_Wajang_koelit._TMnr_60003354.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_gamelanorkest_begeleidt_het_schaduwpoppenspel_Wajang_koelit._TMnr_60003354.jpg/687px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_gamelanorkest_begeleidt_het_schaduwpoppenspel_Wajang_koelit._TMnr_60003354.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> (shadow puppet show) accompanied by a <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> ensemble in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span>.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 426.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 424.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_(shadow_puppets)_from_central_Java,_a_scene_from_%27Irawan%27s_Wedding%27.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang (shadow puppets) from central Java, a scene from Irawan's Wedding, mid-20th century, University of Hawaii Dept. of Theater and Dance."><img alt="Wayang (shadow puppets) from central Java, a scene from Irawan's Wedding, mid-20th century, University of Hawaii Dept. of Theater and Dance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Wayang_%28shadow_puppets%29_from_central_Java%2C_a_scene_from_%27Irawan%27s_Wedding%27.jpg/637px-Wayang_%28shadow_puppets%29_from_central_Java%2C_a_scene_from_%27Irawan%27s_Wedding%27.jpg" decoding="async" width="425" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Wayang_%28shadow_puppets%29_from_central_Java%2C_a_scene_from_%27Irawan%27s_Wedding%27.jpg/955px-Wayang_%28shadow_puppets%29_from_central_Java%2C_a_scene_from_%27Irawan%27s_Wedding%27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Wayang_%28shadow_puppets%29_from_central_Java%2C_a_scene_from_%27Irawan%27s_Wedding%27.jpg/1273px-Wayang_%28shadow_puppets%29_from_central_Java%2C_a_scene_from_%27Irawan%27s_Wedding%27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4575" data-file-height="1942" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang</i></span> (shadow puppets) from central Java, a scene from <i><a href="/wiki/Iravan" title="Iravan">Irawan</a>'s Wedding</i>, mid-20th century, University of Hawaii Dept. of Theater and Dance.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 454px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 452px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Beber_Opened.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang beber depiction of a battle."><img alt="Wayang beber depiction of a battle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wayang_Beber_Opened.jpg/678px-Wayang_Beber_Opened.jpg" decoding="async" width="452" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wayang_Beber_Opened.jpg/1016px-Wayang_Beber_Opened.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wayang_Beber_Opened.jpg/1355px-Wayang_Beber_Opened.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1017" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang beber</i></span> depiction of a battle.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayangan_(259).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit and wayang golek dalang (puppeteer), Ki Entus Susmono."><img alt="Wayang kulit and wayang golek dalang (puppeteer), Ki Entus Susmono." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wayangan_%28259%29.jpg/180px-Wayangan_%28259%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wayangan_%28259%29.jpg/270px-Wayangan_%28259%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wayangan_%28259%29.jpg/360px-Wayangan_%28259%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> and <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">wayang golek dalang</i></span> (puppeteer), Ki Entus Susmono.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sisi_Lain_Seorang_Dalang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang golek performance in Yogyakarta."><img alt="Wayang golek performance in Yogyakarta." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sisi_Lain_Seorang_Dalang.jpg/360px-Sisi_Lain_Seorang_Dalang.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sisi_Lain_Seorang_Dalang.jpg/540px-Sisi_Lain_Seorang_Dalang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sisi_Lain_Seorang_Dalang.jpg/720px-Sisi_Lain_Seorang_Dalang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Wayang golek</i></span> performance in <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 249.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 247.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_show.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang kulit (leather shadow puppet) performance."><img alt="Wayang kulit (leather shadow puppet) performance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wayang_show.jpg/371px-Wayang_show.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wayang_show.jpg/556px-Wayang_show.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wayang_show.jpg/741px-Wayang_show.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3048" data-file-height="2221" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Wayang kulit</i></span> (leather shadow puppet) performance.</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Kulit;_Kayonan_(tree_of_life),_Arjuna_and_Sumbadra_from_Java.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kayon (Gunungan)."><img alt="Kayon (Gunungan)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wayang_Kulit%3B_Kayonan_%28tree_of_life%29%2C_Arjuna_and_Sumbadra_from_Java.JPG/121px-Wayang_Kulit%3B_Kayonan_%28tree_of_life%29%2C_Arjuna_and_Sumbadra_from_Java.JPG" decoding="async" width="81" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wayang_Kulit%3B_Kayonan_%28tree_of_life%29%2C_Arjuna_and_Sumbadra_from_Java.JPG/182px-Wayang_Kulit%3B_Kayonan_%28tree_of_life%29%2C_Arjuna_and_Sumbadra_from_Java.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wayang_Kulit%3B_Kayonan_%28tree_of_life%29%2C_Arjuna_and_Sumbadra_from_Java.JPG/242px-Wayang_Kulit%3B_Kayonan_%28tree_of_life%29%2C_Arjuna_and_Sumbadra_from_Java.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="2484" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small>Kayon (<a href="/wiki/Gunungan_(wayang)" title="Gunungan (wayang)">Gunungan</a>).</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Costume_dolls_of_Makassar_couple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayang makassar"><img alt="Wayang makassar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Costume_dolls_of_Makassar_couple.jpg/405px-Costume_dolls_of_Makassar_couple.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Costume_dolls_of_Makassar_couple.jpg/607px-Costume_dolls_of_Makassar_couple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Costume_dolls_of_Makassar_couple.jpg/809px-Costume_dolls_of_Makassar_couple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3853" data-file-height="2572" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Wayang makassar</i></span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_culture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/31px-P_culture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/47px-P_culture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/62px-P_culture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Theatre" title="Portal:Theatre">Theatre portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit">Wayang kulit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayang_golek" title="Wayang golek">Wayang golek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayang_beber" title="Wayang beber">Wayang beber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia" title="Culture of Indonesia">Culture of Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_culture" title="Javanese culture">Javanese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayang_Museum" title="Wayang Museum">Wayang Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002803–804_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobsonWibisono2002">Robson & Wibisono 2002</a>, pp. 803–804.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00063">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)"</a>. UNESCO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Wayang+puppet+theatre%22%2C+Inscribed+in+2008+%283.COM%29+on+the+Representative+List+of+the+Intangible+Cultural+Heritage+of+Humanity+%28originally+proclaimed+in+2003%29&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fich%2Findex.php%3Flg%3Den%26pg%3D00011%26RL%3D00063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britwayang2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britwayang2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britwayang2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britwayang2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britwayang2_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britwayang2_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britwayang2_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britwayang2_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/wayang">"Wayang: Indonesian Theatre"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wayang%3A+Indonesian+Theatre&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fwayang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_and_Etymology_for_Wayang3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_and_Etymology_for_Wayang3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_and_Etymology_for_Wayang3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/wayang">"History and Etymology for Wayang"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=History+and+Etymology+for+Wayang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fwayang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiyuan_Liu2016" class="citation book cs1">Siyuan Liu (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H1iFCwAAQBAJ"><i>Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">72–</span>81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27886-3"><bdi>978-1-317-27886-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Asian+Theatre&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E72-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-27886-3&rft.au=Siyuan+Liu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH1iFCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubin2001p1842-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin2001p1842_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDon_RubinChua_Soo_PongRavi_Chaturvedi2001" class="citation book cs1">Don Rubin; Chua Soo Pong; Ravi Chaturvedi; et al. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=maGU4ziPQJQC&pg=PA184"><i>The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">184–</span>186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26087-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26087-9"><bdi>978-0-415-26087-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Theatre%3A+Asia%2FPacific&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E184-%3C%2Fspan%3E186&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26087-9&rft.au=Don+Rubin&rft.au=Chua+Soo+Pong&rft.au=Ravi+Chaturvedi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmaGU4ziPQJQC%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bonnefoy1623-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bonnefoy1623_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bonnefoy1623_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYves_Bonnefoy1993" class="citation book cs1">Yves Bonnefoy (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r4I-FsZCzJEC&pg=PA162"><i>Asian Mythologies</i></a>. 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Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988. p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brandon1432-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brandon1432_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_R._Brandon2009" class="citation book cs1">James R. Brandon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g-tAlBV5_LkC"><i>Theatre in Southeast Asia</i></a>. 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(1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5512%2Fsea.1977.142">"P. L. Amin Sweeney and Akira Goto (ed.) An International Seminar on the Shadow Plays of Asia"</a>. <i>Southeast Asia: History and Culture</i>. <b>1977</b> (7). 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Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">181–</span>182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27886-3"><bdi>978-1-317-27886-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Asian+Theatre&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-27886-3&rft.au=Kathy+Foley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH1iFCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathy_Foley2016" class="citation book cs1">Kathy Foley (2016). 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New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170172215" title="Special:BookSources/9788170172215"><bdi>9788170172215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Indian+Theatre%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9788170172215&rft.aulast=Varadpande&rft.aufirst=Manohar+Laxman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSyxOHOCVcVkC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalinan-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalinan_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffithsSastrawan" class="citation web cs1">Griffiths, Arlo; Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dharmalekha.info/texts/INSIDENKMantyasihI">"Foundation Charter of the Dalinan Monastery"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gamelan00suma_0/page/30">30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-78011-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-78011-5"><bdi>978-0-226-78011-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(p. 15)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Sudarman, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/09/11/striving-preserve-wayang.html">Sagio: Striving to preserve wayang'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 11 September 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002384-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002384_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobsonWibisono2002">Robson & Wibisono 2002</a>, pp. 384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ganug Nugroho Adil, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/03/27/joko-sri-yono-preserving-wayang-beber.html">"Joko Sri Yono: Preserving 'wayang beber'"</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 27 March 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ganug Nugroho Adil, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/04/19/the-metamorphosis-wayang-beber.html">The metamorphosis of "Wayang Beber"'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 19 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ganug Nugroho Adil, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/06/22/sihhanto-a-wayang-master-craftsman.html">"Sinhanto: A wayang master craftsman"</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 22 June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_R._Brandon2009" class="citation book cs1">James R. Brandon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g-tAlBV5_LkC"><i>Theatre in Southeast Asia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">46–</span>54, <span class="nowrap">143–</span>144, <span class="nowrap">150–</span>152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02874-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02874-6"><bdi>978-0-674-02874-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theatre+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E54%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E144%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E150-%3C%2Fspan%3E152&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02874-6&rft.au=James+R.+Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg-tAlBV5_LkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002757-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002757_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobsonWibisono2002">Robson & Wibisono 2002</a>, pp. 757.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002347-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobsonWibisono2002347_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobsonWibisono2002">Robson & Wibisono 2002</a>, pp. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Inna_Solomonik" title="Inna Solomonik">Inna Solomonik</a>. 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"Wayang Wahyu as an Example of Christian Forms of Shadow Theatre". <i>Asian Theatre Journal</i>. <b>21</b> (2). Johns Hopkins University Press: <span class="nowrap">194–</span>202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fatj.2004.0024">10.1353/atj.2004.0024</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144932653">144932653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Theatre+Journal&rft.atitle=Wayang+Wahyu+as+an+Example+of+Christian+Forms+of+Shadow+Theatre&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E194-%3C%2Fspan%3E202&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fatj.2004.0024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144932653%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Poplawska&rft.aufirst=Marzanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharmilla_Ganesan2017" class="citation news cs1">Sharmilla Ganesan (12 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/the-star-malaysia-star2/20170912/281608125594564">"Everything old is new again"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Everything+old+is+new+again&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft.au=Sharmilla+Ganesan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fmalaysia%2Fthe-star-malaysia-star2%2F20170912%2F281608125594564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pelajaran-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pelajaran_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pelajaran_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pelajaran_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pelajaran.co.id/2018/04/pengertian-wayang-fungsi-kandungan-dan-jenis-jenis-wayang-lengkap.html">"Pengertian Wayang, Fungsi, Kandungan dan Jenis-Jenis Wayang Lengkap"</a>. pelajaran.co.id<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pengertian+Wayang%2C+Fungsi%2C+Kandungan+dan+Jenis-Jenis+Wayang+Lengkap&rft.pub=pelajaran.co.id&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pelajaran.co.id%2F2018%2F04%2Fpengertian-wayang-fungsi-kandungan-dan-jenis-jenis-wayang-lengkap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedanaFoley1993" class="citation journal cs1">Sedana, I Nyoman; Foley, Kathy (1993). "The Education of a Balinese Dalang". <i>Asian Theatre Journal</i>. <b>10</b> (1). University of Hawaii Press: <span class="nowrap">81–</span>100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1124218">10.2307/1124218</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1124218">1124218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Theatre+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Education+of+a+Balinese+Dalang&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E100&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1124218&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1124218%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sedana&rft.aufirst=I+Nyoman&rft.au=Foley%2C+Kathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liu175-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-liu175_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liu175_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiyuan_Liu2016" class="citation book cs1">Siyuan Liu (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H1iFCwAAQBAJ"><i>Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 166, 175 note 2, <span class="nowrap">76–</span>78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27886-3"><bdi>978-1-317-27886-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Asian+Theatre&rft.pages=166%2C+175+note+2%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E76-%3C%2Fspan%3E78&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-27886-3&rft.au=Siyuan+Liu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH1iFCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Museum_Wayang-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Museum_Wayang_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museumjakarta.com/museum-wayang-jakarta/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Museum Wayang Jakarta"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Museum Jakarta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Museum+Wayang+Jakarta%22&rft.pub=Museum+Jakarta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumjakarta.com%2Fmuseum-wayang-jakarta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobsonWibisono2002" class="citation book cs1">Robson, Stuart; Wibisono, Singgih (2002). <i>Javanese English Dictionary</i>. Periplus Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7946-0000-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7946-0000-X"><bdi>0-7946-0000-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Javanese+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Periplus+Editions&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7946-0000-X&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.au=Wibisono%2C+Singgih&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlton_L._Becker1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alton_L._Becker" title="Alton L. Becker">Alton L. Becker</a> (1979). "Text-Building, Epistemology, and Aesthetics in the Javanese Shadow Theatre". In Aram Yengoyan and Alton L. Becker (ed.). <i>The Imagination of Reality: Essays in Southeast Asian Coherence Systems</i>. Norwood, NJ: ABLEX.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Text-Building%2C+Epistemology%2C+and+Aesthetics+in+the+Javanese+Shadow+Theatre&rft.btitle=The+Imagination+of+Reality%3A+Essays+in+Southeast+Asian+Coherence+Systems&rft.place=Norwood%2C+NJ&rft.pub=ABLEX&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Alton+L.+Becker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWayang" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li>Brandon, James (1970). <i>On Thrones of Gold — Three Javanese Shadow Plays</i>. Harvard.</li> <li>Ghulam-Sarwar Yousof (1994). <i>Dictionary of Traditional South-East Asian Theatre</i>. Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Clara van Groenendael, Victoria (1985). <i>The Dalang Behind the Wayang</i>. Dordrecht, Foris.</li> <li>Keeler, Ward (1987). <i>Javanese Shadow Plays, Javanese Selves</i>. Princeton University Press.</li> <li>Keeler, Ward (1992). <i>Javanese Shadow Puppets</i>. OUP.</li> <li>Long, Roger (1982). <i>Javanese shadow theatre: Movement and characterization in Ngayogyakarta wayang kulit</i>. Umi Research Press.</li> <li>Mellema, R.L. (1988). <i>Wayang Puppets: Carving, Colouring, Symbolism</i>. Amsterdam, Royal Tropical Institute, Bulletin 315.</li> <li>Mudjanattistomo (1976). <i>Pedhalangan Ngayogyakarta</i>. Yogyakarta (in Javanese).</li> <li>Poplawska, Marzanna (2004). <i>Asian Theatre Journal</i>. Vol. 21, p. 194–202.</li> <li>Signell, Karl (1996). <i>Shadow Music of Java</i>. CD booklet. Rounder Records CD 5060.</li> <li>Soedarsono (1984). <i>Wayang Wong</i>. Yogyakarta, Gadjah Mada University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayang&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wayang" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wayang">Wayang</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.citenet.net/users/ctmw2400/">Historical Development of Puppetry: Scenic Shades (includes information about wayang beber, kulit, klitik and golek)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703061208/http://www.gamelannetwork.co.uk/seleh-notes-library/wayang-puppets.html">Seleh Notes article on identifying Central Javanese wayang kulit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041104025934/http://www.indonesiatourism.go.id/gallery/traddance.htm">Wayang Orang (wayang wong) traditional dance, from Indonesia Tourism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.puppet.org/museum/permanent.shtml#Wayang">Wayang Klitik: a permanent exhibit of Puppetry Arts Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbase.com/amoxtli/wayang_golek">Wayang Golek Photo Gallery, includes description, history and photographs of individual puppets by Walter O. Koenig</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shadowlight.org/slp/index.cfm?fuseaction=Resources.DisplayText&resource_id=6">Wayang Kulit: The Art form of the Balinese Shadow Play</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> by Lisa Gold</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060108112008/http://www.unesco.or.id/activities/culture/programme/259.php">Wayang Puppet Theatre</a> on the Indonesian site of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marlamallett.com/puppets.htm">The Wayang Golek Wooden Stick Puppets of Java, Indonesia</a> (commercial site)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051213222640/http://discover-indo.tierranet.com/wayang.htm">An overview of the Shadow Puppets tradition (with many pictures) in a site to Discover Indonesia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429070314/http://www.internationalfolkart.org/exhibitions/dancingshadows.html">Wayang Kulit exhibition at the Museum of International Folk Art</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100426062829/http://www.multiculturalcanada.ca/wkcsp">Wayang Kulit Collection of Shadow Puppets, Simon Fraser University Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology digitized on Multicultural Canada website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cwa-web.org/cwa">Contemporary Wayang Archive, by the National University of Singapore</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cwa-web.org/dissertation/wayang-dis/">Wayang Kontemporer, an interactive PhD dissertation on Contemporary Wayang Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indonesia_topics" title="Template:Indonesia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indonesia_topics" title="Template talk:Indonesia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indonesia_articles667" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Indonesia-related_articles" title="Index of Indonesia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia" title="History of Indonesia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history" title="Timeline of Indonesian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Indonesia" title="Prehistoric Indonesia">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia#Hindu-Buddhist_civilizations" title="History of Indonesia">Hindu-Buddhist era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese era</a> (1512–1605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Company rule in the Dutch East Indies">VOC era</a> (1603–1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_British_interregnum_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies">French and British era</a> (1806–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (1800–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation</a> (1942–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">National Revolution</a> (1945–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia" title="Liberal democracy period in Indonesia">Liberal democracy era</a> (1950–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia">Guided Democracy era</a> (1959–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transitional era</a> (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a> (1966–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Suharto_era_in_Indonesia" title="Post-Suharto era in Indonesia"><i>Reformasi</i></a> (since 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia" title="Geography of Indonesia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Borders of Indonesia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Indonesia" title="Climate of Indonesia">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Indonesia" title="Climate change in Indonesia">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Indonesia" title="Conservation in Indonesia">Conservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biosphere_reserves_of_Indonesia" title="List of biosphere reserves of Indonesia">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Indonesia" title="List of national parks of Indonesia">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Indonesia" title="Deforestation in Indonesia">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Indonesia" title="List of earthquakes in Indonesia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Indonesia" title="Environmental issues in Indonesia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Indonesia" title="Geology of Indonesia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Indonesia" title="List of lakes of Indonesia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Mountains of Indonesia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_highest_point" title="List of Indonesian provinces by highest point">Provincial highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_history_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Natural history of Indonesia">Natural history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Indonesia" title="Fauna of Indonesia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Indonesia" title="Flora of Indonesia">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Indonesia" title="Regions of Indonesia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Indonesia" title="List of rivers of Indonesia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia" title="List of volcanoes in Indonesia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Indonesia" title="Subdivisions of Indonesia">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Administrative divisions of the Dutch East Indies">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">Regencies and cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">Districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Indonesia" title="Cabinet of Indonesia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Constitution of Indonesia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indonesia" title="Elections in Indonesia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia" title="Foreign relations of Indonesia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Indonesia" title="Human rights in Indonesia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Indonesia" title="Law of Indonesia">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Indonesia" title="Censorship in Indonesia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Indonesia" title="Law enforcement in Indonesia">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Military</a> (<a href="/wiki/Babinsa" title="Babinsa">Babinsa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Indonesia" title="Capital of Indonesia">National capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">People's Consultative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police" title="Indonesian National Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Indonesia" title="List of political parties in Indonesia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="List of presidents of Indonesia">List</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wawasan_Nusantara" title="Wawasan Nusantara">Wawasan Nusantara</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Economy of Indonesia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Indonesia" title="Agriculture in Indonesia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Automotive industry in Indonesia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_Indonesia" title="Aviation in Indonesia">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Indonesia" title="List of banks in Indonesia">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Indonesia" title="Energy in Indonesia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Indonesia" title="Economic history of Indonesia">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Indonesia" title="Science and technology in Indonesia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Stock_Exchange" title="Indonesia Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Indonesia" title="Communications in Indonesia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Indonesia" title="Tourism in Indonesia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia" title="Transport in Indonesia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Indonesia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Indonesia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Society of Indonesia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Indonesia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Indonesia" title="Crime in Indonesia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Indonesia" title="Human trafficking in Indonesia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_Indonesia" title="Piracy in Indonesia">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Indonesia" title="Prostitution in Indonesia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Indonesia" title="Smoking in Indonesia">Smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia" title="Culture of Indonesia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Architecture of Indonesia">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Candi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Colonial architecture of Indonesia">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia" title="Mosque architecture in Indonesia">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumah_adat" title="Rumah adat">Rumah adat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_art" title="Indonesian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik_in_Indonesia" title="Batik in Indonesia">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia" title="Dance in Indonesia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Indonesia" title="List of festivals in Indonesia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Indonesia" title="Folklore of Indonesia">Legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_literature" title="Indonesian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_martial_arts" title="Indonesian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Indonesia" title="Mass media in Indonesia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Indonesia" title="Mythology of Indonesia">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Indonesia" title="National Hero of Indonesia">National heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_painting" title="Indonesian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_properties_of_Indonesia" title="Cultural properties of Indonesia">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Indonesia" title="Public holidays in Indonesia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Indonesia" title="Sport in Indonesia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Indonesia" title="Theatre of Indonesia">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Indonesia" title="Video games in Indonesia">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia" title="Demographics of Indonesia">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Indonesia" title="Education in Indonesia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Indonesia" title="Ethnic groups in Indonesia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Indonesia" title="Health in Indonesia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Indonesia" title="Healthcare in Indonesia">Healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Indonesia" title="Homelessness in Indonesia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Indonesia" title="Refugees in Indonesia">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Indonesia" title="Women in Indonesia">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Indonesia">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Indonesia" title="National symbols of Indonesia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Raya" title="Indonesia Raya">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_Indonesia" title="National emblem of Indonesia">Emblem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Indonesia#Historical" title="Armorial of Indonesia">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Indonesia#Provincial" title="Armorial of Indonesia">Subdivision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_faunal_emblems" title="List of Indonesian faunal emblems">Faunal emblems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia" title="Flag of Indonesia">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_flags#Provincial" title="List of Indonesian flags">Subdivision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_floral_emblems" title="List of Indonesian floral emblems">Floral emblems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibu_Pertiwi" title="Ibu Pertiwi">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indonesian_songs" title="Category:Indonesian songs">Songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Indonesia" title="Outline of Indonesia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Indonesia-related_articles" title="Index of Indonesia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indonesia" title="Category:Indonesia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Portal</a></li> 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id="20px&#124;_National_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Indonesia_in_Indonesia_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_UNESCO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/20px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/30px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/40px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Indonesia" title="National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia">National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_sejarah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wayang_sejarah.jpg/100px-Wayang_sejarah.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wayang_sejarah.jpg/151px-Wayang_sejarah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wayang_sejarah.jpg/200px-Wayang_sejarah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="664" /></a></span><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wayang</a> (2008) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semar_Kris_(alt)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Semar_Kris_%28alt%29_2.jpg/122px-Semar_Kris_%28alt%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Semar_Kris_%28alt%29_2.jpg/183px-Semar_Kris_%28alt%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Semar_Kris_%28alt%29_2.jpg/243px-Semar_Kris_%28alt%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1852" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Keris" class="mw-redirect" title="Keris">Keris</a> (2008) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Batik_pedalaman_-_sidha_drajat.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Batik_pedalaman_-_sidha_drajat.JPG/113px-Batik_pedalaman_-_sidha_drajat.JPG" decoding="async" width="113" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Batik_pedalaman_-_sidha_drajat.JPG/170px-Batik_pedalaman_-_sidha_drajat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Batik_pedalaman_-_sidha_drajat.JPG/225px-Batik_pedalaman_-_sidha_drajat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">Batik</a> (2009) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Angklung_(2315119130).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Angklung_%282315119130%29.jpg/113px-Angklung_%282315119130%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Angklung_%282315119130%29.jpg/170px-Angklung_%282315119130%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Angklung_%282315119130%29.jpg/225px-Angklung_%282315119130%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="946" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">Angklung</a> (2010) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sea_Safari_VII,_Komodo,_2016_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sea_Safari_VII%2C_Komodo%2C_2016_%2804%29.jpg/114px-Sea_Safari_VII%2C_Komodo%2C_2016_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sea_Safari_VII%2C_Komodo%2C_2016_%2804%29.jpg/171px-Sea_Safari_VII%2C_Komodo%2C_2016_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sea_Safari_VII%2C_Komodo%2C_2016_%2804%29.jpg/227px-Sea_Safari_VII%2C_Komodo%2C_2016_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4145" data-file-height="2744" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Pinisi" title="Pinisi">Pinisi</a>, art of boatbuilding in South Sulawesi (2017) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tari_Pendet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tari_Pendet.jpg/113px-Tari_Pendet.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tari_Pendet.jpg/170px-Tari_Pendet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tari_Pendet.jpg/225px-Tari_Pendet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span><br />Three Genres of Traditional Dance in <a href="/wiki/Balinese_dance" title="Balinese dance">Bali</a> (2019) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg/113px-Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg/170px-Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg/225px-Persaudaraan_Setia_Hati_Terate_-_Tendangan_terbang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a> (2019) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png/124px-Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png/187px-Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png/248px-Surat_pantun_cara_Lampung.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1211" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Pantun" title="Pantun">Pantun</a> (2020) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg/100px-Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg/151px-Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg/200px-Kraton_Jogja-Gamelan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Gamelan</a> (2021) </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_in_Need_of_Urgent_Safeguarding67" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_in_Need_of_Urgent_Safeguarding67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noken_Indonesia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Noken_Indonesia.jpg/113px-Noken_Indonesia.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Noken_Indonesia.jpg/170px-Noken_Indonesia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Noken_Indonesia.jpg/225px-Noken_Indonesia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="320" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Noken" title="Noken">Noken</a> (2011) </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saman_dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Saman_dance.jpg/112px-Saman_dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Saman_dance.jpg/168px-Saman_dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Saman_dance.jpg/223px-Saman_dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="337" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Saman_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Saman dance">Saman dance</a> (2012) </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage:_Representative_List201" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Template talk:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage:_Representative_List201" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage</a>: Representative List</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aka_people#Music" title="Aka people">Aka music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbila" class="mw-redirect" title="Timbila">Chopi timbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garifuna" title="Garifuna">Garifuna culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gbofe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gbofe (page does not exist)">Afounkaha Gbofe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%BA%B9l%E1%BA%B9d%E1%BA%B9" title="Gẹlẹdẹ">Gẹlẹdẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyau#Dances" title="Nyau">Gule Wamkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anambra_State#Culture_and_tourism" title="Anambra State">Ijele Masquerade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaba" title="Kangaba">Kamablon re-roofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankurang" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankurang">Kankurang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouroukan_Fouga" title="Kouroukan Fouga">Manden Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_(genre)" title="Sega (genre)">Mauritian Sega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Zimbabwe" title="Dance in Zimbabwe">Mbende Jerusarema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_dance_of_the_royal_drum" title="Ritual dance of the royal drum">Ritual dance of the royal drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_tambour_of_Rodrigues_Island" title="Sega tambour of Rodrigues Island">Sega tambour of Rodrigues Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosso_Bala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosso Bala">Sosso Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkcloth" title="Barkcloth">Ugandan barkcloth making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimbuza_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Vimbuza dance">Vimbuza healing dance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaaral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaaral (page does not exist)">Yaaral</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Degal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Degal (page does not exist)">Degal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafimaniry" title="Zafimaniry">Zafimaniry woodcrafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Makishi_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Zambian Makishi Festival">Zambian Makishi Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UNESCO-ICH-blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo of Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/UNESCO-ICH-blue.svg/70px-UNESCO-ICH-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/UNESCO-ICH-blue.svg/105px-UNESCO-ICH-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/UNESCO-ICH-blue.svg/140px-UNESCO-ICH-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arab States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahellil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahellil">Ahellil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghribat_Bani_Hilal" class="mw-redirect" title="Taghribat Bani Hilal">Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedu</a> culture at <a href="/wiki/Petra" title="Petra">Petra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Rum" title="Wadi Rum">Wadi Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_al-iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqam al-iraqi">Iraqi maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaa_el-Fnaa" title="Jemaa el-Fnaa">Jemaa el-Fnaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_hikaye" title="Palestinian hikaye">Palestinian hikaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashmaqam" title="Shashmaqam">Shashmaqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yemen" title="Music of Yemen">Song of Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghribat_Bani_Hilal" class="mw-redirect" title="Taghribat Bani Hilal">Taghribat Bani Hilal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan-Tan_Moussem" title="Tan-Tan Moussem">Tan-Tan Moussem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia and Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine#Acupuncture_and_moxibustion" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Acupuncture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moxibustion" title="Moxibustion">Moxibustion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ainu_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ainu dance (page does not exist)">Ainu dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akiu_no_Taue_Odori" title="Akiu no Taue Odori">Akiu no Taue Odori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqyn" title="Aqyn">Akyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">Angklung</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Arirang" title="Arirang">Arirang</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran#Khorasan" title="Music of Iran">Bakhshi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul tradition of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Beijing opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokator" title="Bokator">Bokator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boysun_District" title="Boysun District">Boysun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunraku" title="Bunraku">Bunraku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca_tr%C3%B9" title="Ca trù">Ca trù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakkirako" title="Chakkirako">Chakkirako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheoyongmu" title="Cheoyongmu">Cheoyongmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Chinese architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing#Origins_in_Asia" title="Woodblock printing">Chinese block printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_paper_cutting" title="Chinese paper cutting">Chinese paper cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_carving" title="Seal carving">Chinese seal engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_play#Chinese" title="Shadow play">Chinese shadow puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daemokjang" title="Daemokjang">Daemokjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimokutate" title="Daimokutate">Daimokutate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainichido_Bugaku" title="Dainichido Bugaku">Dainichido Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darangen_Epic" class="mw-redirect" title="Darangen Epic">Darangen Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival" title="Dragon Boat Festival">Dragon Boat Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drametse_Ngacham" title="Drametse Ngacham">Drametse Ngacham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja_in_Kolkata" title="Durga Puja in Kolkata">Durga Puja in Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_King_Gesar" title="Epic of King Gesar">Epic of King Gesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Gagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagok" title="Gagok">Gagok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganggangsullae" title="Ganggangsullae">Ganggangsullae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangneung_Danoje" title="Gangneung Danoje">Gangneung Danoje Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimjang" title="Gimjang">Gimjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%B3ng_Festival" title="Gióng Festival">Gióng Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_of_gong_culture" title="Space of gong culture">Gong culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_people#Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong people">Grand Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">Guqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_guqin" title="History of the guqin">Guqin music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haenyeo" title="Haenyeo">Haenyeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansan_Mosi" title="Hansan Mosi">Hansan Mosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayachine_Kagura" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayachine Kagura">Hayachine Kagura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitachi_Furyumono" title="Hitachi Furyumono">Hitachi Furyumono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan%27ge" title="Shan'ge">Hua'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Terraces_of_the_Philippine_Cordilleras#The_Ifugao_epic_Hudhud" title="Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras">Hudhud Chants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris" title="Kris">Indonesian kris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamdani" title="Jamdani">Jamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_Chilmeoridang_Yeongdeunggut" title="Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut">Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jultagi" title="Jultagi">Jultagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">Kabuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalbelia" title="Kalbelia">Kalbelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_carpet" title="Persian carpet">Kashan rug</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katta_Ashula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katta Ashula (page does not exist)">Katta Ashula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khon" title="Khon">Khon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_throat_singing" title="Tuvan throat singing">Khoomei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koshikijima_no_Toshidon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koshikijima no Toshidon (page does not exist)">Koshikijima no Toshidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumi_Odori" title="Kumi Odori">Kumiodori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunqu" title="Kunqu">Kunqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koodiyattam" title="Koodiyattam">Koodiyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladakh chant">Ladkah Buddhist chantings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakalaka" title="Lakalaka">Lakalaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenj_boat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenj boat (page does not exist)">Lenj boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhamo" title="Lhamo">Lhamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan_celadon" title="Longquan celadon">Longquan celadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_yong" title="Mak yong">Mak yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_Sankirtana" title="Meitei Sankirtana">Manipuri Sankirtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Shobhajatra" title="Mangal Shobhajatra">Mangal Shobhajatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazu" title="Mazu">Mazu belief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshrep" title="Meshrep">Meshrep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mibu_no_Hana_Taue" title="Mibu no Hana Taue">Mibu no Hana Taue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morin_khuur" title="Morin khuur">Morin khuur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosie_weaving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosie weaving (page does not exist)">Mosie ramie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudiyett" title="Mudiyett">Mudiyett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqam" title="Muqam">Muqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naadam" title="Naadam">Naadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namsadang" title="Namsadang">Namsadang Nori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Nanyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqq%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqqāli">Naqqāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A3_nh%E1%BA%A1c" title="Nhã nhạc">Nhã nhạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">Noh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menora_(dance)" title="Menora (dance)">Nora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz_in_Afghanistan" title="Nowruz in Afghanistan">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navruz_in_Uzbekistan" title="Navruz in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_massage" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai massage">Nuad Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oku-noto_no_Aenokoto" title="Oku-noto no Aenokoto">Oku-noto no Aenokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlevani_and_zoorkhaneh_rituals" title="Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals">Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori">Pansori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinisi" title="Pinisi">Pinisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungmul" title="Pungmul">Pungmul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quan_h%E1%BB%8D" title="Quan họ">Quan họ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radif_(music)" title="Radif (music)">Radif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramman_(festival)" title="Ramman (festival)">Ramman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_ballet_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal ballet of Cambodia">Royal ballet of Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongren County">Regong arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongmyo_jerye" title="Jongmyo jerye">Royal Ancestral Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sada_Jinja" class="mw-redirect" title="Sada Jinja">Sada Shin Noh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman_(dance)" title="Saman (dance)">Saman dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_drawing" title="Sand drawing">Sand drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sbek_Toch" class="mw-redirect" title="Sbek Toch">Sbek Toch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekishu-Banshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekishu-Banshi (page does not exist)">Sekishu-Banshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz_rug" title="Shiraz rug">Shiraz rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Spring Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssireum" title="Ssireum">Ssireum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekkyeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Taekkyeon">Taekkyeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27zieh" title="Ta'zieh">Ta'zīye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crafts_of_India" title="Crafts of India">Thathera utensil craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thingyan" title="Thingyan">Thingyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juldarigi" title="Juldarigi">Tugging rituals and games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_song" title="Long song">Urtiin Duu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Vedic chantings</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wayang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_guyue" title="Xi'an guyue">Xi'an ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuan_paper" title="Xuan paper">Xuan paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamahoko" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamahoko">Yamahoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeondeunghoe" title="Yeondeunghoe">Yeondeunghoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeongsanjae" title="Yeongsanjae">Yeongsanjae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABki-tsumugi" title="Yūki-tsumugi">Yūki-tsumugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunjin" title="Yunjin">Yunjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe and<br />North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iso-Polyphony" title="Iso-Polyphony">Albanian iso-polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashiqs_of_Azerbaijan" title="Ashiqs of Azerbaijan">Ashiqs of Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashik" title="Ashik">Ashik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubusson_tapestry" title="Aubusson tapestry">Aubusson tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_carpet" title="Azerbaijani carpet">Azerbaijani carpet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_carpet_weaving" title="Azerbaijani carpet weaving">weaving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(Azerbaijani_instrument)" title="Tar (Azerbaijani instrument)">Azerbaijani tar</a></li> <li>Baltic song and dance celebrations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C4%87arac" title="Bećarac">Bećarac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus%C3%B3j%C3%A1r%C3%A1s" title="Busójárás">Busójárás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lu%C8%99ari" title="Călușari">Călușari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_Alentejano" title="Cante Alentejano">Cante Alentejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantu_a_tenore" title="Cantu a tenore">Cantu a tenore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_Binche" title="Carnival of Binche">Carnival of Binche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castell" title="Castell">Castell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chovgan" title="Chovgan">Chovgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_the_Kalyady_Tsars" class="mw-redirect" title="Rite of the Kalyady Tsars">Christmas Tsars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Wise_Men_of_the_plain_of_Murcia" title="Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia">Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_Tribunal_of_the_plain_of_Valencia" title="Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia">Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lah%C4%B1c_copper_craft" title="Lahıc copper craft">Copper craftsmanship of Lahij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacemaking_in_Croatia" title="Lacemaking in Croatia">Croatian lacemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daina_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daina (Lithuania)">Daina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_procession_of_Echternach" title="Dancing procession of Echternach">Dancing procession of Echternach</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daredevils_of_Sassoun" title="Daredevils of Sassoun">Daredevils of Sassoun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doina" title="Doina">Doina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duduk" title="Duduk">Duduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">Fado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">Falconry</a></li> <li>Falles of the Pyrenees</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mare_de_D%C3%A9u_de_la_Salut_Festival" title="La Mare de Déu de la Salut Festival">La Mare de Déu de la Salut Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivity_of_Saint_Blaise" class="mw-redirect" title="Festivity of Saint Blaise">Festivity of Saint Blaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a></li> <li>French timber framing scribing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujara" title="Fujara">Fujara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_vocal_polyphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian vocal polyphony">Georgian vocal polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horezu_ceramics" title="Horezu ceramics">Horezu ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houtem_Jaarmarkt" class="mw-redirect" title="Houtem Jaarmarkt">Houtem Jaarmarkt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_scale" title="Istrian scale">Istrian scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jem_(Alevism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jem (Alevism)">Jem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karag%C3%B6z_and_Hacivat" title="Karagöz and Hacivat">Karagöz and Hacivat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelaghayi" title="Kelaghayi">Kelaghayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fkek" title="Keşkek">Keşkek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachkar" title="Khachkar">Khachkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kihnu_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kihnu culture">Kihnu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rkp%C4%B1nar" title="Kırkpınar">Kırkpınar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klapa" title="Klapa">Klapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cross_crafting" title="Lithuanian cross crafting">Lithuanian cross crafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri">Kvevri wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patum_de_Berga" title="Patum de Berga">La Patum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefkara_lace" title="Lefkara lace">Lefkaritika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licitar" title="Licitar">Licitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljelje" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljelje">Ljelje</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kraljice" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraljice">Kraljice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makishi_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Makishi Festival">Makishi Festival</a></li> <li>Moldovan Christmas Carols</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloya" title="Maloya">Maloya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Manas" title="Epic of Manas">Manas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meddah" title="Meddah">Meddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesir_macunu" title="Mesir macunu">Mesir Macunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Mugham</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Play_of_Elche" title="Mystery Play of Elche">Mystery Play of Elche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestinarstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestinarstvo">Nestinarstvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijemo_Kolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nijemo Kolo">Nijemo Kolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novruz_in_Azerbaijan" title="Novruz in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li>Turkish</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojkanje" title="Ojkanje">Ojkanje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olonkho" title="Olonkho">Olonkho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_dei_Pupi" title="Opera dei Pupi">Opera dei Pupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrykivka_painting" title="Petrykivka painting">Petrykivka decorative painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Procession of the Holy Blood">Procession of the Holy Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_sauna" title="Finnish sauna">Sauna culture in Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semeiskie" title="Semeiskie">Semeiskie culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seto_leelo" title="Seto leelo">Seto leelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevdalinka" title="Sevdalinka">Sevdalinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silbo_Gomero" title="Silbo Gomero">Silbo Gomero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjska_alka" title="Sinjska alka">Sinjska alka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slov%C3%A1cko_Verbu%C5%88k" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovácko Verbuňk">Slovácko Verbuňk</a></li> <li>Turkish <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sohbet_meetings" title="Traditional Sohbet meetings">Sohbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Sibyl" title="The Song of the Sibyl">The Song of the Sibyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiti">Suiti Cultural Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutartin%C4%97s" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutartinės">Sutartinės</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1nch%C3%A1z" title="Táncház">Táncház</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_violin_craftsmanship_in_Cremona" title="Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona">Violins craftsmanship of Cremona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayampi" title="Wayampi">Wajãpi culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_toys_of_Hrvatsko_Zagorje" title="Wooden toys of Hrvatsko Zagorje">Wooden toys of Hrvatsko Zagorje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za_kri%C5%BEen" title="Za križen">Za križen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvon%C4%8Dari" title="Zvončari">Zvončari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean and<br />Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barranquilla%27s_Carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Barranquilla's Carnival">Carnaval de Barranquilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Mella" title="Villa Mella">Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacks_and_Whites%27_Carnival" title="Blacks and Whites' Carnival">Carnaval de Negros y Blancos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumba_Meu_Boi#Bumba_meu_boi_in_Maranhão" title="Bumba Meu Boi">Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnaval_de_Oruro" title="Carnaval de Oruro">Carnaval de Oruro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceviche" title="Ceviche">Ceviche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADrio_de_Nazar%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Círio de Nazaré">Círio de Nazaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocolo_(dance)" title="Cocolo (dance)">Cocolo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_Rican_oxherding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Costa Rican oxherding (page does not exist)">Costa Rican oxherding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_devils_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Dancing devils of Corpus Christi">Dancing Devils of Yare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza_de_los_Voladores" title="Danza de los Voladores">Danza de los Voladores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza_de_tijeras" title="Danza de tijeras">Danza de tijeras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frevo" title="Frevo">Frevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garifuna" title="Garifuna">Garifuna culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%B3ng_Festival" title="Gióng Festival">Gióng Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakmbut" title="Harakmbut">Harakmbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaconada" title="Huaconada">Huaconada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead" title="Day of the Dead">Indigenous Day of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallawaya" title="Kallawaya">Kallawaya culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore_Town,_Jamaica" title="Moore Town, Jamaica">Moore Town's</a> <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroons" title="Jamaican Maroons">Maroon Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_hat" title="Panama hat">Panama hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachico" title="Parachico">Parachico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1a_de_Bernal" title="Peña de Bernal">Peña de Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirekua" title="Pirekua">Pirekua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popay%C3%A1n_Holy_Week_processions" class="mw-redirect" title="Popayán Holy Week processions">Popayán Holy Week processions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BCtchip%C3%BC%27%C3%BC" title="Pütchipü'ü">Pütchipü'ü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quyllurit%27i" title="Quyllurit'i">Quyllurit'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabinal_Ach%C3%AD" title="Rabinal Achí">Rabinal Achí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_Roda" class="mw-redirect" title="Samba de Roda">Samba de Roda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Basilio_de_Palenque" title="San Basilio de Palenque">San Basilio de Palenque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Pacific_Colombian_marimba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Pacific Colombian marimba (page does not exist)">South Pacific Colombian marimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango" title="Tango">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taquile_textiles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taquile textiles (page does not exist)">Taquile textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumba_francesa" title="Tumba francesa">Tumba francesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayampi" title="Wayampi">Wajãpi culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enawene_Nawe" title="Enawene Nawe">Yaokwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1paro_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Záparo culture">Záparo culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity:_Music100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_music" title="Template:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_music" title="Template talk:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UNESCO_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity:_Music100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a>: Music</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aka_people#Music" title="Aka people">Aka polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_iso-polyphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian iso-polyphony">Albanian folk iso-polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">Angklung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqyn" title="Aqyn">Aqyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Arabic maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arirang" title="Arirang">Arirang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashiqs_of_Azerbaijan" title="Ashiqs of Azerbaijan">Ashiqs of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(Azerbaijani_instrument)" title="Tar (Azerbaijani instrument)">Azerbaijani tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul#Baul_music" title="Baul">Baul music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C4%87arac" title="Bećarac">Bećarac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigwala" title="Bigwala">Bigwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyelgee" title="Biyelgee">Biyelgee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistritsa_Babi" title="Bistritsa Babi">Bistritsa Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumba_Meu_Boi#Bumba_meu_boi_in_Maranhão" title="Bumba Meu Boi">Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainichido_Bugaku" title="Dainichido Bugaku">Dainichido Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Beijing opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_Alentejano" title="Cante Alentejano">Cante Alentejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantu_a_tenore" title="Cantu a tenore">Cantu a tenore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca_tr%C3%B9" title="Ca trù">Ca trù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremona_violins" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremona violins">Cremona violins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doina" title="Doina">Doina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duduk" title="Duduk">Duduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshuva" title="Eshuva">Eshuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">Fado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frevo" title="Frevo">Frevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujara" title="Fujara">Fujara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Gagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagok" title="Gagok">Gagok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garifuna_music" title="Garifuna music">Garifuna music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)#Traditional_vocal_polyphony" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Georgian vocal polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_of_gong_culture" title="Space of gong culture">Gong culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">Guqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwo_ka" title="Gwo ka">Gwoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan%27ge" title="Shan'ge">Hua'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudhud_chants" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudhud chants">Hudhud chants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongmyo_jerye" title="Jongmyo jerye">Jongmyo Jereyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Maqam" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Maqam">Iraqi Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_scale" title="Istrian scale">Istrian scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgal_Laox" class="mw-redirect" title="Kgal Laox">Kgal Laox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtone_singing" title="Overtone singing">Khuumii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klapa" title="Klapa">Klapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koodiyattam" title="Koodiyattam">Koodiyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutar" title="Dutar">Khorasan Bakhshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumi_odori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumi odori">Kumi odori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunqu" title="Kunqu">Kunqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhamo" title="Lhamo">Lhamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_song" title="Long song">Long song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloya" title="Maloya">Maloya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshrep" title="Meshrep">Meshrep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morin_khuur" title="Morin khuur">Morin khuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Mugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqam" title="Muqam">Muqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Nanyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A3_nh%E1%BA%A1c" title="Nhã nhạc">Nhã nhạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungmul" title="Pungmul">Nongak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojkanje" title="Ojkanje">Ojkanje singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansori" title="Pansori">Pansori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirekua" title="Pirekua">Pirekua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quan_h%E1%BB%8D" title="Quan họ">Quan họ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qudud_Halabiya" title="Qudud Halabiya">Qudud Halabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radif_(music)" title="Radif (music)">Radif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebetiko" title="Rebetiko">Rebetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_roda" class="mw-redirect" title="Samba de roda">Samba de roda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setos" title="Setos">Seto Leelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashmaqam" title="Shashmaqam">Shashmaqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silbo_Gomero" title="Silbo Gomero">Silbo Gomero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slov%C3%A1cko_Verbu%C5%88k" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovácko Verbuňk">Slovácko Verbuňk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yemen" title="Music of Yemen">Song of Sana'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosso_Bala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosso Bala">Sosso Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania#Sutartinės" title="Music of Lithuania">Sutartinės</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1nch%C3%A1z" title="Táncház">Táncház</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Sibyl" title="The Song of the Sibyl">The Song of the Sibyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumba_francesa" title="Tumba francesa">Tumba francesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Vedic chant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Wayang_kulit">Wayang kulit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_guyue" title="Xi'an guyue">Xi'an guyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoan_singing" title="Xoan singing">Xoan singing</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balafon_Jamie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gum-rubber mallets on a balafon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Balafon_Jamie.jpg/80px-Balafon_Jamie.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Balafon_Jamie.jpg/120px-Balafon_Jamie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Balafon_Jamie.jpg/160px-Balafon_Jamie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="1038" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indonesian_drama_and_theatre53" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indonesian_drama_and_theatre" title="Template:Indonesian drama and theatre"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indonesian_drama_and_theatre" title="Template talk:Indonesian drama and theatre"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesian_drama_and_theatre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesian drama and theatre"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indonesian_drama_and_theatre53" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Indonesia" title="Theatre of Indonesia">Indonesian drama and theatre</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg/144px-Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg/216px-Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg/288px-Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1261" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arja_(theatre)" title="Arja (theatre)">Arja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambangan_Cakil" title="Bambangan Cakil">Bambangan Cakil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangsawan" title="Bangsawan">Bangsawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barong_dance" title="Barong dance">Barong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cakalele_dance" title="Cakalele dance">Cakalele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambuh" title="Gambuh">Gambuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandrung" title="Gandrung">Gandrung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudoq" title="Hudoq">Hudoq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janger_dance" title="Janger dance">Janger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kecak" title="Kecak">Kecak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprak" title="Ketoprak">Ketoprak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komedi_Stambul" title="Komedi Stambul">Komedi Stambul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenong" title="Lenong">Lenong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludruk" title="Ludruk">Ludruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_yong" title="Mak yong">Makyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payung_dance" title="Payung dance">Payung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana_Ballet" title="Ramayana Ballet">Ramayana Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randai" title="Randai">Randai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reog" title="Reog">Reog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang" title="Sanghyang">Sanghyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandiwara" title="Sandiwara">Sandiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toneel" title="Toneel">Toneel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeng_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Topeng dance">Topeng</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_mask_dance" title="Betawi mask dance">Topeng Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirebonese_mask_dance" title="Cirebonese mask dance">Topeng Cirebon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wayang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wayang_beber" title="Wayang beber">Wayang beber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayang_golek" title="Wayang golek">Wayang golek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit">Wayang 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