CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8e7b70a698775f69',cH: 'zbALg9HO3yuYlZ.PQam4rO6aYfF0pDNt60K6L6jVtIM-1732472710-1.2.1.1-UdCkXzME3d_QD1oeNZI4EdmnFa2AH9sRfYWeopjjL2M9JOepir..9R1PM2VWDmZm',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=T000387&__cf_chl_tk=z.TneDAiZTg4J4qZ.j4FBCLheE6HoSv3kz1umhvvNYc-1732472710-1.0.1.1-Dfa4zhrkK0d4h0GzPd7N7evfjOvOH1m4iIhpcMwWKac",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732472710',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=T000387&__cf_chl_f_tk=z.TneDAiZTg4J4qZ.j4FBCLheE6HoSv3kz1umhvvNYc-1732472710-1.0.1.1-Dfa4zhrkK0d4h0GzPd7N7evfjOvOH1m4iIhpcMwWKac",md: "m24daWc7nkJ4GvmQ11cW4skcGAWcOGzkw6XY.MX47J0-1732472710-1.2.1.1-YWG6a761aP5aRJdxsrCQDuDhjEgyXnsTin8301a1yhfMiALrT5gBFa_NaDvqgpADfwTtx4vOC4UdjEz1f_zovqaFy.E8ATdaM0JTFO6kAjeXmgL5SrybZp7oigGVocW1lNn5pGbpBRbZAaPIHooKUyli_sm1mSU3TNvArBQZjzaWSldBpBvHpyko2gGrIqK4Pkauud7NB5.Y7Ym5Am8qQpHB0ICsydCI.OdjmENCoG3Shf4lbGOdpp6sl7RAkPC5SqMyoeEKYZhEAoN3w5Qsz2snd_pGBMkW4wyjz12n_89X.VJanofwZcDnWWVaqJQpMh2vt6oELXn0uXAAxKIdZOnDn_6PeWSJ3rHt4b88nm.SgoaIcOtUZp0hWrvPoVv1leA_sM8UF9Kvz4DBJ42KstaGBKdUb2bDZaKukW2.cpkIjCWY4vPz_wyUKUDx0rZ4xk9jXu0Q768gHS6sAJhQEcuaMFdmOD3pihRJr07gpsGCG1JgjYlxmEpWC8tAjTEj_wawWZH2jfhGtV2q4Fhreklh8uBLoUdtkbyZYqiXHgYcVWygdIGJOv75kwO4B57Ll7OYF_mHf.lPZZec8YT7LnEizNiX02MBA.DDQe_qHlcR_7QObIEWe970b0zFVpauBPCp5pBzXBDPG7GsOOteFXhmZRFchSys1wYvw9Mwf3jSlI47W45mLTNU7o4VqK02WgN_9AqNtkb7PcYo.USeW6t9gmh_xeiMo4a7d9LnwOQIJ37UrquvY__HEDfeSbmMjBO3vuKtQ5QX79hmmsk5C.KNLi_KFndkO0imMc1WgMKyoe9sOyrlm1H0MvdYVob.MqjDIbyPGnvbYlJ8Oo.kGIUWQ.bPcgTBYVQAwZffRrDLVv7yi2FBGETU.K51N2AbYTt2mEor0XEgE6IFhCXKEC9oGYe_weK7oN_pwr.DqMjtEWuGGXwzxVfcXKfDdz5VnykVDBktsbFNOYzP.lF9Zv_p8reksfmRpmzovzIXh9cSRqgObo1LLqPxPADlcF9V3XEp97QRnhoOIVSkpdHou4tWVPfYIijfpI6wonvQ8eO.BpiHLPXVUFTi35SWthRmqQqD1y9bPXOaNl8NXD7e4B7cI6v6W0R6a48OlPIt9Op9FDKObRjcpjz3lp_k0s.xechB1s08nmUstdQTGiYT1dKyLwtf5ucyomJjaM9YufniV0ofi4Anhb0d_hJ43sZkUu1LHpxh5erbvEpzVtaysnFdmHK.LAhquLPZg1i0hRwi_wGFtAn3vAXhBAfnU7C4yPwG1ccNOo8kf4x_luPFjH8fy1agYPbkSbcCHNkDU2xpiZsMuSwnvEQWsd43cxhmW1m2bu8az_nx_Hlme20.Rvu_uyCcsRyRpLD97fY_pXpRyHFTKAyFbKOI8EVTg9MC79bEnYheeeiL7g4eTR5lyZJTNIOx2CaO45nocyerZ2Ab1lWq79f0SDz7xGvlQwp_.YgbRjCKtctCms21xJGK.OKfnewtyMDYdD89734bm00fvd9zqJLcOoONnlicGFgYbK4px8ezgQpgvVshoOogDA73MEWWEUu7QEC3rC8qlLjWrGUfEWyFJAx7bXJkFp93R5KC9LOZC5cDRuDKEuDkfwx0zpVfqkiAlsA9f7qzfVO6guwmYlM4UDrybahkcPaLS.JBI9L21GyQ73oFRF7G4afsH7zC0tzVb5Puuhr0TcKNL4woMyeYNPy1WV.6mPBAmEunzEzUEQSjEBWTojwp.GbVR5SJ1T5lMpiqP_quhNuwOyo2xWyh64_RUJYMpN9f1E60WtbKIdK7CtJa5gtCt.M8vy1OV2gEMgx728WFjbwtNxf7bbqcMUNSaBJdQEZJ8od_TH36SEK5onWDUDmB6siGvku8t5mpsiZZ6n185nTXxv7T9m1j7I93..ZoOHHEP2EwdryWWssAwKid3Ao1apf0K0Ij5XRd7JYxxA49UCnJxp9PE4CUPmEZhZCdBaDGfImrJErjMlQC_zg8g1e6bg",mdrd: "u1RHVnk1OF7r_8.y7sfIEcgWfot_x67OVaKdBBQQZCo-1732472710-1.2.1.1-YuQy0ebADfcf7AgJcA.TKvhXGUasrpweQVU8oz9hjLy8uU4GhI_HG3clJlzTH0Skz1C.E8v3GkcXjSPKwRhFh33fnyoi6zgbVKAgEErWQc27VGjWvB2tw1i9r7pYO1KDPTPfsPfM0Evw0k5uHmsQ5eEkOlMH5mhdRW9h0hk.N3XCUDL8IhufYiYtfjMRrDlZl7_GLyzgIxk0BwWUgYBJl5Vfey7zqKMqkBfdx27evmz8KTvaRR.VE6TIiJ_rcCQrIElXJGZyQ6uD30BtP2osRmT8BwAzxEgRPltCCRWte641ruEzUFAyZJMYw.SZVhbnDxXvs8kIRNJQM3PV7wTE1zqPtPhqMqvuu3nTHR.a_E7oCUL0hAk_5jG7Cr48Y1q.G74kipi7vTFSJw5hYWpVR2Zd3d_f7Iwep3VAdoocHm7t2utnortPbFfZyOCtd4E3vehSpJWyK4l4zAAxgI.tB1nsCUe6gE591dYz1eFN0Ht7Ax5GJoBEhnTH37MAJayyeVLTFEohDO1YoA5xSjb8OcHQA9HKuXN4WgvHu9CJJ83p49LGYsqydh6nIMDtC4NevSn8RtHlED2yAPmmzjtJ9NSvHvosiig6Q4hAbwnmxfDNoSbz7bzbxFByTGblMA1h62FQWX7.gBdzXpkIn0qM._aoNLTQr_gXTemhXEY66yMUjbqHp2wlgvcIZjzNrRy6GUN3hQ6JfpYMP6OSd7WhDA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e7b70a698775f69';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=T000387&__cf_chl_rt_tk=z.TneDAiZTg4J4qZ.j4FBCLheE6HoSv3kz1umhvvNYc-1732472710-1.0.1.1-Dfa4zhrkK0d4h0GzPd7N7evfjOvOH1m4iIhpcMwWKac" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>