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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Solar luminosity: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonligsterkte" title="Sonligsterkte – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sonligsterkte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إضاءة شمسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إضاءة شمسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="সৌর জ্যোতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সৌর জ্যোতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Сонечная сьвяцільнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сонечная сьвяцільнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Слънчева светимост – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слънчева светимост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lluminositat_solar" title="Lluminositat solar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lluminositat solar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%C3%A7%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95" title="Хĕвел çутатаслăхĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хĕвел çутатаслăхĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slune%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_z%C3%A1%C5%99ivost" title="Sluneční zářivost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sluneční zářivost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solluminositet" title="Solluminositet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Solluminositet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnenleuchtkraft" title="Sonnenleuchtkraft – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sonnenleuchtkraft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosidad_solar" title="Luminosidad solar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luminosidad solar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suna_lumeco" title="Suna lumeco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suna lumeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eguzki-argitasun" title="Eguzki-argitasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eguzki-argitasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="تابندگی خورشید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تابندگی خورشید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosit%C3%A9_solaire" title="Luminosité solaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Luminosité solaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91_%EA%B4%91%EB%8F%84" title="태양 광도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태양 광도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արևի պայծառություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևի պայծառություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="सौर ज्योति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सौर ज्योति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminositas_Matahari" title="Luminositas Matahari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Luminositas Matahari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosit%C3%A0_solare" title="Luminosità solare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luminosità solare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94" title="მზის სიკაშკაშე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მზის სიკაშკაშე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mng%27aro_wa_Jua" title="Mng'aro wa Jua – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mng'aro wa Jua" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul%C4%97s_%C5%A1viesis" title="Saulės šviesis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Saulės šviesis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Сончева сјајност – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сончева сјајност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सौर तेजस्विता – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सौर तेजस्विता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekilauan_suria" title="Kekilauan suria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kekilauan suria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="နေရောင်ခြည်တောက်ပမှု – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နေရောင်ခြည်တောက်ပမှု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="太陽光度 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="太陽光度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solluminositet" title="Solluminositet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Solluminositet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasno%C5%9B%C4%87_S%C5%82o%C5%84ca" title="Jasność Słońca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jasność Słońca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosidade_solar" title="Luminosidade solar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luminosidade solar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminozitate_solar%C4%83" title="Luminozitate solară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Luminozitate solară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Солнечная светимость – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солнечная светимость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminusitati_sulari" title="Luminusitati sulari – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Luminusitati sulari" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_luminosity" title="Solar luminosity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solar luminosity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svietivos%C5%A5_Slnka" title="Svietivosť Slnka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Svietivosť Slnka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son%C4%8Dev_izsev" title="Sončev izsev – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sončev izsev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auringon_luminositeetti" title="Auringon luminositeetti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Auringon luminositeetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solluminositet" title="Solluminositet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Solluminositet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="กำลังส่องสว่างดวงอาทิตย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กำลังส่องสว่างดวงอาทิตย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCne%C5%9Fsel_ayd%C4%B1nlatma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC" title="Güneşsel aydınlatma gücü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güneşsel aydınlatma gücü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Сонячна світність – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сонячна світність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_s%C3%A1ng_c%E1%BB%A7a_M%E1%BA%B7t_Tr%E1%BB%9Di" title="Độ sáng của Mặt Trời – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độ sáng của Mặt Trời" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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<span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:80.180.16.240&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:80.180.16.240 (page does not exist)">talk</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Determination">→<bdi dir="ltr">Determination</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_luminosity&diff=prev&oldid=935901824" title="Solar luminosity" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_luminosity&oldid=935901924" title="Solar luminosity">Revision as of 13:21, 15 January 2020</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_luminosity&action=edit&oldid=935901924" title="Solar luminosity">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2020-01-15T13:21:38Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_luminosity&action=edit&undoafter=935901824&undo=935901924" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/80.180.16.240" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/80.180.16.240" data-mw-revid="935901924"><bdi>80.180.16.240</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:80.180.16.240&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:80.180.16.240 (page does not exist)">talk</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Determination">→<bdi dir="ltr">Determination</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_luminosity&diff=next&oldid=935901924" title="Solar luminosity" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Determination ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Determination ==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Solar [[radiant power]] is related to [[solar irradiance]] (the so-called ''solar constant''). Solar irradiance is responsible for the [[orbital forcing]] that causes the [[Milankovitch cycles|Earth secular cycles]], which determine Earthly glacial cycles. The mean irradiance at the top of the Earth's atmosphere is sometimes known as the solar irradiance, ''I''<sub>☉</sub>. Irradiance is defined as power per unit area, so the solar luminosity (total power emitted by the Sun) is the irradiance received at the Earth (solar irradiance) multiplied by the area of the sphere whose radius is<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> the [[Astronomical Unit]], i.e.</del> the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun:</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Solar [[radiant power]] is related to [[solar irradiance]] (the so-called ''solar constant''). Solar irradiance is responsible for the [[orbital forcing]] that causes the [[Milankovitch cycles|Earth secular cycles]], which determine Earthly glacial cycles. The mean irradiance at the top of the Earth's atmosphere is sometimes known as the solar irradiance, ''I''<sub>☉</sub>. Irradiance is defined as power per unit area, so the solar luminosity (total power emitted by the Sun) is the irradiance received at the Earth (solar irradiance) multiplied by the area of the sphere whose radius is the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>:<math>L_\odot = 4\pi<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> k</del> \, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A</del>^2\, I_\odot</math></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>:<math>L_\odot = 4\pi \, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">R</ins>^2\,<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> k</ins> I_\odot</math></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>where ''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A</del>'' is the [[Astronomical <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">unit|unit distance</del>]] (the value of the [[astronomical unit]] in [[metre]]s) and ''k'' is a constant (whose value is very close to one) that reflects the fact that the mean distance from the Earth to the Sun is not exactly one [[astronomical unit]].</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>where ''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">R</ins>'' is the [[Astronomical <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Unit</ins>]] (the value of the [[astronomical unit]] in [[metre]]s) and ''k'' is a constant (whose value is very close to one) that reflects the fact that the mean distance from the Earth to the Sun is not exactly<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> equal to</ins> one [[astronomical unit]].</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==See also==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==See also==</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 13:21, 15 January 2020</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Solar_cycle" title="Solar cycle">Solar cycle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solar_constant" title="Solar constant">Solar constant</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_evolution_(English).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg/330px-Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg/495px-Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg/660px-Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of the solar power, <a href="/wiki/Solar_radius" title="Solar radius">radius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature">effective temperature</a> compared to the present-day Sun. After Ribas (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-ribas2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ribas2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><b>standard solar power</b></i>, also called <i>standard solar luminosity</i>, <var>L</var><sub>☉</sub> is the average output of the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> emitted in the form of <a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">photons</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, it is often used as a practical <a href="/wiki/Unit_of_measure" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit of measure">unit of measure</a> of <a href="/wiki/Radiant_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant power">radiant power</a> to measure the <a href="/wiki/Luminosity" title="Luminosity">luminosity</a> of <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxy" title="Galaxy">galaxies</a> and other celestial objects. Therefore, the solar luminosity constant has been established by the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> to have the conventional value<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in <a href="/wiki/SI_units" class="mw-redirect" title="SI units">SI units</a>) of: </p> <dl><dd><var>L</var><sub>☉</sub>=<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7026382800000000000♠"></span>3.828<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>26</sup> <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a></span></dd></dl> <p>This does not include the <a href="/wiki/Solar_neutrino" title="Solar neutrino">solar neutrino</a> power, which is considered to be 2.3% of this value: one should add 0.023 <var>L</var><sub>☉</sub> to the former value when considering neutrinos.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sun is a weakly <a href="/wiki/Variable_star" title="Variable star">variable star</a>, and its actual luminosity therefore <a href="/wiki/Solar_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar variation">fluctuates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major fluctuation is the eleven-year <a href="/wiki/Solar_cycle" title="Solar cycle">solar cycle</a> (sunspot cycle) that causes a periodic variation of about ±0.1%. Other variations over the last 200–300 years are thought to be much smaller than this.<sup id="cite_ref-Noed_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noed-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is obviously related to the <b><a href="/wiki/Solar_constant" title="Solar constant">solar constant</a></b>, which is the average power per unit surface emitted by the sun. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Determination">Determination</h2></div> <p>Solar <a href="/wiki/Radiant_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant power">radiant power</a> is related to <a href="/wiki/Solar_irradiance" title="Solar irradiance">solar irradiance</a> (the so-called <i>solar constant</i>). Solar irradiance is responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Orbital_forcing" title="Orbital forcing">orbital forcing</a> that causes the <a href="/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles" title="Milankovitch cycles">Earth secular cycles</a>, which determine Earthly glacial cycles. The mean irradiance at the top of the Earth's atmosphere is sometimes known as the solar irradiance, <i>I</i><sub>☉</sub>. Irradiance is defined as power per unit area, so the solar luminosity (total power emitted by the Sun) is the irradiance received at the Earth (solar irradiance) multiplied by the area of the sphere whose radius is the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L_{\odot }=4\pi \,R^{2}\,kI_{\odot }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⊙</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>k</mi> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⊙</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L_{\odot }=4\pi \,R^{2}\,kI_{\odot }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/328e4c8c63b0538387f5c9a0e606e6043f82cf43" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:16.024ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L_{\odot }=4\pi \,R^{2}\,kI_{\odot }}"></span></dd></dl> <p>where <i>R</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical Unit">Astronomical Unit</a> (the value of the <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical unit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metres</a>) and <i>k</i> is a constant (whose value is very close to one) that reflects the fact that the mean distance from the Earth to the Sun is not exactly equal to one <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical unit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical Unit">Astronomical Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_constant" title="Solar constant">Solar constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_cycle" title="Solar cycle">Solar cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_constant" title="Solar constant">Solar irradiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass">Solar mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_radius" title="Solar radius">Solar radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">Nuclear fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant power">Radiant power</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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(2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/2012/2012_Vieira_vi06000k.pdf">"How the inclination of Earth's orbit affects incoming solar irradiance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. <b>39</b> (16): L16104 (8 pp.). <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012GeoRL..3916104V">2012GeoRL..3916104V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2012GL052950">10.1029/2012GL052950</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01179873">insu-01179873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=How+the+inclination+of+Earth%27s+orbit+affects+incoming+solar+irradiance&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=L16104+%288+pp.%29&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2012GL052950&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012GeoRL..3916104V&rft.aulast=Vieira&rft.aufirst=L.+E.+A.&rft.au=Norton%2C+A.&rft.au=Dudok+De+Wit%2C+T.&rft.au=Kretzschmar%2C+M.&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+G.+A.&rft.au=Cheung%2C+M.+C.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.giss.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2F2012%2F2012_Vieira_vi06000k.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+luminosity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noed-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Noed_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoerdlinger2008" class="citation journal cs1">Noerdlinger, Peter D. 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"Solar Mass Loss, the Astronomical Unit, and the Scale of the Solar System". <i>Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy</i>. <b>801</b>: 3807. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.3807">0801.3807</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008arXiv0801.3807N">2008arXiv0801.3807N</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Celestial+Mechanics+and+Dynamical+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Solar+Mass+Loss%2C+the+Astronomical+Unit%2C+and+the+Scale+of+the+Solar+System&rft.volume=801&rft.pages=3807&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0801.3807&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008arXiv0801.3807N&rft.aulast=Noerdlinger&rft.aufirst=Peter+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+luminosity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSackmann,_I.-J.Boothroyd,_A._I.2003" class="citation cs2">Sackmann, I.-J.; Boothroyd, A. I. (2003), "Our Sun. V. A Bright Young Sun Consistent with Helioseismology and Warm Temperatures on Ancient Earth and Mars", <i><a href="/wiki/Astrophysical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysical Journal">Astrophys. J.</a></i>, <b>583</b> (2): 1024–39, <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0210128">astro-ph/0210128</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJ...583.1024S">2003ApJ...583.1024S</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F345408">10.1086/345408</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrophys.+J.&rft.atitle=Our+Sun.+V.+A+Bright+Young+Sun+Consistent+with+Helioseismology+and+Warm+Temperatures+on+Ancient+Earth+and+Mars&rft.volume=583&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1024-39&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0210128&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F345408&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ApJ...583.1024S&rft.au=Sackmann%2C+I.-J.&rft.au=Boothroyd%2C+A.+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+luminosity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoukal,_P.Fröhlich,_C.Spruit,_H.Wigley,_T._M._L.2006" class="citation cs2">Foukal, P.; Fröhlich, C.; Spruit, H.; Wigley, T. M. L. (2006), "Variations in solar luminosity and their effect on the Earth's climate", <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>, <b>443</b> (7108): 161–66, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.443..161F">2006Natur.443..161F</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05072">10.1038/nature05072</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16971941">16971941</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Variations+in+solar+luminosity+and+their+effect+on+the+Earth%27s+climate&rft.volume=443&rft.issue=7108&rft.pages=161-66&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16971941&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05072&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Natur.443..161F&rft.au=Foukal%2C+P.&rft.au=Fr%C3%B6hlich%2C+C.&rft.au=Spruit%2C+H.&rft.au=Wigley%2C+T.+M.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+luminosity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelletier,_Jon_D.1996" class="citation cs2">Pelletier, Jon D. (1996), "Variations in Solar Luminosity from Timescales of Minutes to Months", <i><a href="/wiki/Astrophysical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysical Journal">Astrophys. J.</a></i>, <b>463</b> (1): L41–L45, <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9510026">astro-ph/9510026</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996ApJ...463L..41P">1996ApJ...463L..41P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F310049">10.1086/310049</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrophys.+J.&rft.atitle=Variations+in+Solar+Luminosity+from+Timescales+of+Minutes+to+Months&rft.volume=463&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=L41-L45&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F9510026&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F310049&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996ApJ...463L..41P&rft.au=Pelletier%2C+Jon+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+luminosity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoykova,_D._A.Shopov,_Y._Y.Ford,_D.Georgiev,_L._N.1999" class="citation cs2">Stoykova, D. A.; Shopov, Y. Y.; Ford, D.; Georgiev, L. N.; et al. (1999), "Powerful Millennial-Scale Solar Luminosity Cycles and Their Influence Over Past Climates and Geomagnetic Field", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/chapconf/stoykova_abs.html"><i>Proceedings of the AGU Chapman Conference: Mechanisms of Millennial Scale Global Climate Change</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Powerful+Millennial-Scale+Solar+Luminosity+Cycles+and+Their+Influence+Over+Past+Climates+and+Geomagnetic+Field&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+AGU+Chapman+Conference%3A+Mechanisms+of+Millennial+Scale+Global+Climate+Change&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Stoykova%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Shopov%2C+Y.+Y.&rft.au=Ford%2C+D.&rft.au=Georgiev%2C+L.+N.&rft.au=Tsankov%2C+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncdc.noaa.gov%2Fpaleo%2Fchapconf%2Fstoykova_abs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+luminosity" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511173325/http://lasp.colorado.edu/lisird/">LISIRD: LASP Interactive Solar Irradiance Datacenter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/stellarprops/stellarlum.html">Stellar Luminosity Calculator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20091116175134/http://www.universetoday.com/guide-to-space/the-sun/solar-luminosity/">Solar Luminosity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031113174453/http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~masudako/edu/text/quatbook/variat/node4.html">Variation of Solar Luminosity</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_luminosity&oldid=935901924">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_luminosity&oldid=935901924</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sun" title="Category:Sun">Sun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stellar_astronomy" title="Category:Stellar astronomy">Stellar astronomy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_of_power" title="Category:Units of power">Units of power</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_of_measurement_in_astronomy" title="Category:Units of measurement in astronomy">Units of measurement in astronomy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_chapter_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: chapter ignored">CS1 errors: chapter ignored</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 January 2020, at 13:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. 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