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career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Campaign_against_homosexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_against_homosexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Campaign against homosexuality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_against_homosexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career,_1949–2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career,_1949–2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Political career, 1949–2010 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career,_1949–2010-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political career, 1949–2010 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career,_1949–2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Early activism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_the_civil_rights_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_the_civil_rights_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Opposition to the civil rights movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_the_civil_rights_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_success_and_founding_of_the_DUP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_success_and_founding_of_the_DUP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Electoral success and founding of the DUP </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_success_and_founding_of_the_DUP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_the_nationalist_SDLP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_the_nationalist_SDLP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Relationship with the nationalist SDLP </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_the_nationalist_SDLP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_against_the_Sunningdale_Agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_against_the_Sunningdale_Agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Campaign against the Sunningdale Agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_against_the_Sunningdale_Agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unionist_Action_Council_strike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unionist_Action_Council_strike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Unionist Action Council strike </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unionist_Action_Council_strike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_to_European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_to_European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Election to European Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_to_European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Third Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_against_the_Anglo-Irish_Agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_against_the_Anglo-Irish_Agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Campaign against the Anglo-Irish Agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_against_the_Anglo-Irish_Agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drumcree_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drumcree_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Drumcree dispute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drumcree_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_against_the_Good_Friday_Agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_against_the_Good_Friday_Agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Campaign against the Good Friday Agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_against_the_Good_Friday_Agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s:_compromise_and_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s:_compromise_and_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 2000s: compromise and power </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s:_compromise_and_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_and_death_(2010–14)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_and_death_(2010–14)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Final years and death (2010–14) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_and_death_(2010–14)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ian Paisley</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" > 40 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%8A" title="إيان بيزلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيان بيزلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8A%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%AD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Ίαν Πέισλι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ίαν Πέισλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ایان پیزلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایان پیزلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8_%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%A6%90%EB%A6%AC" title="이언 페이즐리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이언 페이즐리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9C%D7%99" title="איאן פייזלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איאן פייזלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Paisley" title="Ioannes Paisley – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Paisley" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%89" title="ايان پايسلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايان پايسلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="イアン・ペイズリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イアン・ペイズリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%98%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пейсли, Иан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пейсли, Иан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Ијан Пејсли – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ијан Пејсли" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ian Paisley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Іан Пейслі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the former First Minister of Northern Ireland. For his son, a former MP, see <a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley_Jr" title="Ian Paisley Jr">Ian Paisley Jr</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Reverend" title="The Reverend">The Reverend</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord Bannside</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:DrIanPaisley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DrIanPaisley.jpg/220px-DrIanPaisley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DrIanPaisley.jpg/330px-DrIanPaisley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DrIanPaisley.jpg/440px-DrIanPaisley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="758" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Paisley in 2008</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister of Northern Ireland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 8 May 2007 – 5 June 2008<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Peter Hain</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_ch">[a]</a> (as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland)</li><li><a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a> (2002)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Democratic_Unionist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Democratic Unionist Party">Leader of the Democratic Unionist Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 30 September 1971 – 31 May 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Beattie_(politician)" title="William Beattie (politician)">William Beattie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Party established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Parliamentary offices </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Lords_Temporal" title="Lords Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">Life peerage</a> 5 July 2010 – 12 September 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (Northern Ireland)">Member of the Legislative Assembly</a> for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(Assembly_constituency)" title="North Antrim (Assembly constituency)">North Antrim</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 25 June 1998 – 25 March 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Constituency established</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_McIlveen" title="David McIlveen">David McIlveen</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 20 October 1982 – 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Assembly re-established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Assembly dissolved</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 28 June 1973 – 1974</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Assembly created</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Assembly abolished</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Antrim (UK Parliament constituency)">North Antrim</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 18 June 1970 – 12 April 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clark_(Northern_Irish_politician)" title="Henry Clark (Northern Irish politician)">Henry Clark</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley_Jr" title="Ian Paisley Jr">Ian Paisley Jr</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 7 June 1979 – 10 June 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Constituency established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Allister" title="Jim Allister">Jim Allister</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Forum" title="Northern Ireland Forum">Northern Ireland Forum</a> for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(Assembly_constituency)" title="North Antrim (Assembly constituency)">North Antrim</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 30 May 1996 – 25 April 1998</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Forum established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Forum dissolved</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Constitutional_Convention" title="Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention">Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention</a> for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(Assembly_constituency)" title="North Antrim (Assembly constituency)">North Antrim</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 May 1975 – 1976</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Convention founded</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Convention dissolved</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ireland Parliament">Northern Ireland Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Bannside_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bannside (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)">Bannside</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 16 April 1970 – 18 July 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Terence_O%27Neill" title="Terence O'Neill">Terence O'Neill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Constituency abolished </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ian Richard Kyle Paisley</div> (1926-04-06)6 April 1926 <a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a>, Northern Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">12 September 2014(2014-09-12) (aged 88) <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, Northern Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Ballygowan" title="Ballygowan">Ballygowan</a>, County Down</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">DUP</a> (1971–2014)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Unionist_Party" title="Protestant Unionist Party">PUP</a> (1966–1971)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Paisley,_Baroness_Paisley_of_St_George%27s" title="Eileen Paisley, Baroness Paisley of St George's">Eileen Cassells</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1956)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5, including <a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Paisley" title="Rhonda Paisley">Rhonda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley_Jr" title="Ian Paisley Jr">Ian Jr</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barry_School_of_Evangelism" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry School of Evangelism">Barry School of Evangelism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">Evangelist</a></li><li>politician</li><li>political activist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ianpaisley.org">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">a. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_ch">^</a> During the periods of suspension of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Northern Ireland Executive</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland" title="Secretary of State for Northern Ireland">Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland</a> assumed the responsibilities of the First Minister and deputy First Minister. The final Northern Ireland Secretary to act as First Minister was Peter Hain.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Ian Richard Kyle Paisley, Baron Bannside, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> (6 April 1926 – 12 September 2014) was a <a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">loyalist</a> politician and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Ireland" title="Protestantism in Ireland">Protestant</a> religious leader from <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> who served as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (DUP) from 1971 to 2008 and <a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister">First Minister of Northern Ireland</a> from 2007 to 2008. Paisley became a <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">evangelical</a> minister in 1946 and remained one for the rest of his life. In 1951 he co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_fundamentalism" title="Reformed fundamentalism">Reformed fundamentalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ulster" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster">Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster</a> and was its leader until 2008. Paisley became known for his fiery sermons and regularly preached <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholicism</a>, anti-<a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">ecumenism</a> and against <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>. He gained a large group of followers who were referred to as Paisleyites. Paisley became involved in <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Ulster unionist</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ulster_Loyalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster Loyalism">loyalist</a> politics in the late 1950s. In the mid-late 1960s, he led and instigated loyalist opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_civil-rights_movement_(1960s)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ireland civil-rights movement (1960s)">Catholic civil rights movement</a> in Northern Ireland. This <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles#Late_1960s" title="The Troubles">contributed to</a> the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a> in the late 1960s, a conflict that would engulf Northern Ireland for the next 30 years. In 1970 he became <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Antrim (UK Parliament constituency)">North Antrim</a> and the following year he founded the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (DUP), which he would lead for almost 40 years. In 1979 he became a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a>. Throughout the Troubles, Paisley was seen as a firebrand and the face of hardline unionism. He opposed all attempts to resolve the conflict through power-sharing between unionists and <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalists</a>/<a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republicans</a>, and all attempts to involve the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> in Northern Irish affairs. His efforts helped bring down the <a href="/wiki/Sunningdale_Agreement" title="Sunningdale Agreement">Sunningdale Agreement</a> of 1974. He also opposed the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement" title="Anglo-Irish Agreement">Anglo-Irish Agreement</a> of 1985, with less success. His attempts to <a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Third Force (Northern Ireland)">create a paramilitary movement</a> culminated in <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Resistance" title="Ulster Resistance">Ulster Resistance</a>. Paisley and his party also opposed the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a> and <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a> of 1998. In 2005, Paisley's DUP became the largest unionist party in Northern Ireland, displacing the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (UUP), which had dominated unionist politics since 1905 and had been an instrumental party in the Good Friday Agreement. In 2007, following the <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Agreement" title="St Andrews Agreement">St Andrews Agreement</a>, the DUP finally agreed to share power with republican party <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>. Paisley and Sinn Féin's <a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a> became <a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister and deputy First Minister</a>, respectively, in May 2007. He stepped down as First Minister and DUP leader in mid-2008,<a href="#cite_note-BBC-quit-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> and left politics in 2011. Paisley was made a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> in 2010 as Baron Bannside.<a href="#cite_note-Gazette-3">[3]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> Ian Richard Kyle Paisley was born in <a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a>, County Armagh,<a href="#cite_note-McCrystal-4">[4]</a> and brought up in the town of <a href="/wiki/Ballymena" title="Ballymena">Ballymena</a>, County Antrim, where his father James Kyle Paisley was an <a href="/wiki/Independent_Baptist" title="Independent Baptist">Independent Baptist</a> pastor who had previously served in the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteers" title="Ulster Volunteers">Ulster Volunteers</a> under <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> His mother was <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Paisley married <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Paisley" class="mw-redirect" title="Eileen Paisley">Eileen Cassells</a> on 13 October 1956.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> They had five children, daughters Sharon, <a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Paisley" title="Rhonda Paisley">Rhonda</a> and Cherith and twin sons, Kyle and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley_Jr" title="Ian Paisley Jr">Ian</a>. Three of their children followed their father into politics or religion: Kyle is a <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ulster" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster">Free Presbyterian</a> minister; Ian was a DUP <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a>; and Rhonda, a retired DUP councillor.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He had a brother, Harold, who is also an evangelical fundamentalist.<a href="#cite_note-McCrystal-4">[4]</a> Paisley saw himself primarily as an <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulsterman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> However, despite his hostility towards <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, he also saw himself as an <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irishman</a> and said that "you cannot be an Ulsterman without being an Irishman".<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_career">Religious career</h2></div> When he was a teenager, Paisley decided to follow his father and become a Christian minister.<a href="#cite_note-newsletter-11">[11]</a> He delivered his first sermon aged 16 in a mission hall in County Tyrone.<a href="#cite_note-Obituary:_Ian_Paisley-12">[12]</a> In the late 1940s he undertook theological training at the <a href="/wiki/Barry,_Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Barry, Vale of Glamorgan">Barry</a> School of Evangelism (now called the <a href="/wiki/Wales_Evangelical_School_of_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales Evangelical School of Theology">Wales Evangelical School of Theology</a>), and later, for a year, at the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ireland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland">Reformed Presbyterian</a> Theological Hall in <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsletter-11">[11]</a> By June 1950 Paisley was preaching at an 'Old Time Gospel Campaign' on waste ground off Moore Street in the lower Ravehill Road area of Belfast.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> A year later a congregation of the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Ireland" title="Presbyterian Church in Ireland">Presbyterian Church in Ireland</a> (PCI) was forbidden by church authorities to hold a meeting in their own church hall at which Paisley was to be the speaker. In response, the leaders of that congregation left the PCI and began a new denomination, the <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ulster" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster">Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster</a>, with Paisley, who was just 25 years old at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Obituary:_Ian_Paisley-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FPC_About-14">[14]</a> Paisley soon became the leader (or <a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly" title="Moderator of the General Assembly">moderator</a>) of the Free Presbyterian Church<a href="#cite_note-Ian_Paisley_p.5-15">[15]</a> and was re-elected every year, for the next 57 years.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martyrs_Memorial_Free_Presbyterian_Church,_Belfast_2018-07-27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Martyrs_Memorial_Free_Presbyterian_Church%2C_Belfast_2018-07-27.jpg/220px-Martyrs_Memorial_Free_Presbyterian_Church%2C_Belfast_2018-07-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Martyrs_Memorial_Free_Presbyterian_Church%2C_Belfast_2018-07-27.jpg/330px-Martyrs_Memorial_Free_Presbyterian_Church%2C_Belfast_2018-07-27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Martyrs_Memorial_Free_Presbyterian_Church%2C_Belfast_2018-07-27.jpg/440px-Martyrs_Memorial_Free_Presbyterian_Church%2C_Belfast_2018-07-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6968" data-file-height="3919" /></a><figcaption>Martyrs Memorial Free Presbyterian Church where he preached</figcaption></figure> The Free Presbyterian Church is a <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">fundamentalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> church, requiring strict separation from "any church which has departed from the fundamental doctrines of the Word of God."<a href="#cite_note-FPC_About-14">[14]</a> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 1991">1991 census</a>, the church had about 12,000 members, less than 1 per cent of the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Demographics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland population</a>. Paisley promoted a highly conservative form of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Biblical literalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholicism</a>, which he described as "Bible Protestantism". The website of Paisley's public relations arm, the European Institute of Protestant Studies, describes the institute's purpose as to "expound the Bible, expose the Papacy, and to promote, defend and maintain Bible Protestantism in Europe and further afield."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Paisley's website describes a number of doctrinal areas in which he believes that the "Roman church" (which he termed 'Popery') has deviated from the Bible and thus from true Christianity. Over the years, Paisley would write numerous books and pamphlets on his religious and political views, including a commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Paisley set up his own newspaper in February 1966, the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Telegraph" title="Protestant Telegraph">Protestant Telegraph</a>, as a mechanism for further spreading his message.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In the 1960s, Paisley developed a relationship with the fundamentalist <a href="/wiki/Bob_Jones_University" title="Bob Jones University">Bob Jones University</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville, South Carolina</a>. In 1966, he received an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary doctorate of divinity</a> from the institution and subsequently served on its board of trustees. This relationship would later lead to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_North_America" title="Free Presbyterian Church of North America">Free Presbyterian Church of North America</a> in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> His honorary doctorate, along with his political obstinacy, led to Paisley's nickname of "Dr. No".<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Mother</a> met <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> in 1958, Paisley condemned them for "committing spiritual fornication and adultery with the <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a>".<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> When Pope John died in June 1963, Paisley announced to a crowd of followers that "this Romish man of sin is now in <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>!". He organised protests against the lowering of flags on public buildings to mark the Pope's death.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In 1988, having given advance warning of his intentions, Paisley interrupted a speech being delivered by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. Paisley shouted "I denounce you as the <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a>!" and held up a poster reading "Pope John Paul II ANTICHRIST". Other MEPs jeered Paisley, threw papers at him and snatched his poster, but he produced another and continued shouting. He was admonished by Parliamentary President <a href="/wiki/Henry_Plumb,_Baron_Plumb" title="Henry Plumb, Baron Plumb">Lord Plumb</a>, who formally excluded him. He was then forcibly removed from the chamber.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Paisley claims he was injured by other MEPs—including <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Habsburg" title="Otto von Habsburg">Otto von Habsburg</a>—who struck him and threw objects at him.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-freepres.org-30">[30]</a> Paisley believed the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> is a part of a conspiracy to create a Roman Catholic superstate controlled by <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">the Vatican</a>. He claimed in an article that the seat no. 666 in the European Parliament is reserved for the Antichrist.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Paisley continued to denounce the Catholic Church and the Pope after the incident. In a television interview for The Unquiet Man, a 2001 documentary on Paisley's life, he expressed his pride at being "the only person to have the courage to denounce the Pope".<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> However, after the death of Pope John Paul in 2005, Paisley expressed sympathy for Catholics, saying "We can understand how Roman Catholics feel at the death of the Pope and we would want in no way to interfere with their expression of sorrow and grief at this time."<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Paisley and his followers also protested against what they saw as instances of <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> in popular culture, including the stage productions <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar" title="Jesus Christ Superstar">Jesus Christ Superstar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Springer:_The_Opera" title="Jerry Springer: The Opera">Jerry Springer: The Opera</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> as well as being strongly <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion">anti-abortion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_against_homosexuality">Campaign against homosexuality</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Save_Ulster_from_Sodomy" title="Save Ulster from Sodomy">Save Ulster from Sodomy</a></div> Paisley preached against homosexuality,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> supported laws criminalising it and picketed various gay rights events. He denounced it as "a crime against God and man and its practice is a terrible step to the total demoralisation of any country".<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Save Ulster from Sodomy was a campaign launched by Paisley in 1977, in opposition to the Northern Ireland Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform, established in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Paisley's campaign sought to prevent the extension to Northern Ireland of the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967" title="Sexual Offences Act 1967">Sexual Offences Act 1967</a>, which had decriminalised homosexual acts between males over 21 years of age in England and Wales. Paisley's campaign failed when legislation was passed in 1982 as a result of the previous year's ruling by the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> in the case of <a href="/wiki/Dudgeon_v_United_Kingdom" title="Dudgeon v United Kingdom">Dudgeon v United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career,_1949–2010">Political career, 1949–2010</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_activism">Early activism</h3></div> In 1949, Paisley formed a Northern Irish branch of the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Protestants" title="National Union of Protestants">National Union of Protestants</a>, the group being led in the UK by his uncle, W. St Clair Taylor.<a href="#cite_note-jordan-41">[41]</a> Paisley's first political involvement came at the <a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950 general election</a> when he campaigned on behalf of the successful <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (UUP) candidate in <a href="/wiki/Belfast_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Belfast West (UK Parliament constituency)">Belfast West</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> minister <a href="/wiki/James_Godfrey_MacManaway" class="mw-redirect" title="James Godfrey MacManaway">James Godfrey MacManaway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Independent Unionist MP <a href="/wiki/Norman_Porter" title="Norman Porter">Norman Porter</a> came to lead the National Union of Protestants, while Paisley became treasurer, but Paisley left after Porter refused to join the Free Presbyterian Church.<a href="#cite_note-Ian_Paisley_p.5-15">[15]</a> Paisley first hit headlines in 1956 when Maura Lyons, a 15-year-old Belfast Catholic doubting her faith, sought his help and was smuggled illegally to Scotland by members of his Free Presbyterian Church. Paisley publicly played a tape of her religious conversion but refused to help with the search for her, saying he would rather go to prison than return her to her Catholic family.<a href="#cite_note-McCrystal-4">[4]</a> Lyons eventually returned both to her family and Catholicism.<a href="#cite_note-McCrystal-4">[4]</a> In 1956, Paisley was one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Protestant_Action" title="Ulster Protestant Action">Ulster Protestant Action</a> (UPA). Its initial purpose was to organise the defence of Protestant areas against anticipated <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922-1969)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Republican Army (1922-1969)">Irish Republican Army</a> (IRA) activity. It carried out vigilante patrols, made street barricades, and drew up lists of IRA suspects in both Belfast and rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-political-44">[44]</a> The UPA was to later become the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Unionist_Party" title="Protestant Unionist Party">Protestant Unionist Party</a> in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> UPA factory and workplace branches were formed, including one by Paisley in Belfast's <a href="/wiki/Ravenhill_(Belfast)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravenhill (Belfast)">Ravenhill</a> area under his direct control. The concern of the UPA increasingly came to focus on the defence of 'Bible Protestantism' and Protestant interests where jobs and housing were concerned.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The UPA also campaigned against the allocation of public housing to Catholics.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> As Paisley came to dominate UPA, he received his first convictions for public order offences. In June 1959, Paisley addressed a UPA rally in the mainly-Protestant <a href="/wiki/Shankill_Road" title="Shankill Road">Shankill</a> district of Belfast. During the speech, he shouted out the addresses of some Catholic-owned homes and businesses in the area. These homes and businesses were then attacked by the crowd; windows were smashed, shops were looted and "<a href="/wiki/Taig" title="Taig">Taigs</a> out" painted on the doors.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coogan,_p.56-49">[49]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964 UK general election</a> campaign, an <a href="/wiki/Irish_republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish republican">Irish republican</a> candidate displayed an <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ireland" title="Flag of Ireland">Irish tricolour</a> from the window of his office in a republican area of Belfast. Paisley threatened that if the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> (RUC) did not remove the tricolour he would lead a march to the office and take it down himself. The <a href="/wiki/Flags_and_Emblems_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags and Emblems Act">Flags and Emblems Act</a> banned the public display of any symbol, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Flag</a>, that could cause a breach of the peace.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In response, armed officers arrived at the building, smashed their way inside and seized the flag. This led to severe rioting between republicans and the RUC. Thirty people, including at least 18 officers, had to be hospitalised.<a href="#cite_note-tricolour-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_to_the_civil_rights_movement">Opposition to the civil rights movement</h3></div> In 1964, a peaceful <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_civil-rights_movement_(1960s)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ireland civil-rights movement (1960s)">civil rights campaign</a> began in Northern Ireland. The civil rights movement sought to end discrimination against Catholics and those of Catholic background by the Protestant and unionist <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Government of Northern Ireland">government of Northern Ireland</a>. Paisley instigated and led loyalist opposition to the civil rights movement over the next few years. He also led opposition against <a href="/wiki/Terence_O%27Neill,_Baron_O%27Neill_of_the_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Terence O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of the Maine">Terence O'Neill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Prime Minister of Northern Ireland">Prime Minister of Northern Ireland</a>. Although O'Neill was also unionist, Paisley and his followers saw him as being too 'soft' on the civil rights movement and opposed his policies of reform and reconciliation.<a href="#cite_note-tricolour-51">[51]</a> In April 1966, Paisley and his associate <a href="/wiki/Noel_Doherty_(loyalist)" title="Noel Doherty (loyalist)">Noel Doherty</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Constitution_Defence_Committee" title="Ulster Constitution Defence Committee">Ulster Constitution Defence Committee</a> (UCDC) and its paramilitary wing, the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Protestant_Volunteers" title="Ulster Protestant Volunteers">Ulster Protestant Volunteers</a> (UPV).<a href="#cite_note-Coogan,_p.57-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boulton-53">[53]</a> At the time, Irish republicans were marking the 50th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a>. Although the IRA was inactive, loyalists such as Paisley warned that it was about to be revived and launch another campaign against Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-cain1800-54">[54]</a> At the same time, a loyalist paramilitary group calling itself the "<a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteer_Force" title="Ulster Volunteer Force">Ulster Volunteer Force</a>" (UVF) emerged in the <a href="/wiki/Shankill_Road" title="Shankill Road">Shankill</a> area of Belfast, led by <a href="/wiki/Gusty_Spence" title="Gusty Spence">Gusty Spence</a>. Many of its members were also members of the UCDC and UPV,<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> including UCDC secretary and UPV leader Noel Doherty.<a href="#cite_note-Coogan,_p.57-52">[52]</a> Paisley publicly thanked the UVF for taking part in a march on 7 April.<a href="#cite_note-Coogan,_p.59-56">[56]</a> Paisley forced the Stormont government to mobilise B-Specials for the entire month of April with the hope of outlawing public commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/1916_Easter_Rising" class="mw-redirect" title="1916 Easter Rising">1916 Easter Rising</a>. Paisley failed in this objective but did succeed in pressuring the government to ban trains from the Republic transporting people to Northern Ireland for the ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In May and June, the UVF <a href="/wiki/Petrol_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol bomb">petrol bombed</a> a number of Catholic homes, schools and businesses. It also shot dead two Catholic civilians as they walked home.<a href="#cite_note-cain1800-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> These are sometimes seen as the first deaths of <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a>. Following the killings, the UVF was outlawed and Paisley denied any knowledge of its activities.<a href="#cite_note-Coogan,_p.59-56">[56]</a> One of those convicted for the killings said after his arrest "I am terribly sorry I ever heard of that man Paisley or decided to follow him".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Paisley would later establish two other paramilitary groups: <a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Third Force (Northern Ireland)">Third Force</a> in 1981<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Resistance" title="Ulster Resistance">Ulster Resistance</a> in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-time-third-force-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-cain-u-64">[64]</a> On 6 June 1966, Paisley led a march to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church against what he claimed to be its "Romeward trend". The authorities allowed the marchers to go through the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Ormeau_Road" title="Ormeau Road">Cromac Square</a> neighbourhood carrying placards with anti-Catholic slogans.<a href="#cite_note-tricolour-51">[51]</a> Catholic youths attacked the march and clashed with the RUC. Many were injured and cars and businesses were wrecked.<a href="#cite_note-tricolour-51">[51]</a> Following the riots, Paisley was charged with unlawful assembly and sentenced to three months in prison.<a href="#cite_note-tricolour-51">[51]</a> The Belfast Telegraph declared that Paisley's organisations "represent a defiance of lawful authority no less serious in essence than that of the IRA".<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> On 22 July 1966, Paisleyites clashed with the RUC outside <a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Crumlin_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Prison Crumlin Road">Crumlin Road Prison</a>, where Paisley was being held. The next day, Protestant mobs several thousand strong "rampaged through the city, smashing windows and trying to damage businesses owned by Catholics". In response, the authorities banned all meetings and marches in Belfast for three months.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> On 30 November 1968, hours before a civil rights march in <a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a>, Paisley and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Bunting" title="Ronald Bunting">Ronald Bunting</a> arrived in the town in a convoy of cars. Men armed with nail-studded cudgels emerged from the cars and took over the town centre to prevent the march.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The RUC halted the civil rights march, sparking outrage from activists. On 25 March 1969, Paisley and Bunting were jailed for organising the illegal counter-demonstration.<a href="#cite_note-cain69-68">[68]</a> On 6 May, they were released during a general amnesty for people convicted of political offences.<a href="#cite_note-cain69-68">[68]</a> In March–April 1969, the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Protestant_Volunteers" title="Ulster Protestant Volunteers">Ulster Protestant Volunteers</a> (UPV) bombed water and electricity installations in Northern Ireland, leaving much of Belfast without power and water.<a href="#cite_note-cain69-68">[68]</a> Paisley and the UPV blamed the bombings on the dormant IRA and elements of the civil rights movement. Paisley's Protestant Telegraph called them "the first act of sabotage perpetrated by the IRA since the murderous campaign of 1956", warning that it was "an ominous indication of what lies ahead for Ulster".<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Many people believed these claims of IRA responsibility. The loyalists also hoped that the bombings would weaken confidence in Prime Minister Terence O'Neill.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Unionist support for O'Neill waned, and on 28 April he resigned as Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-cain69-68">[68]</a> Paisley's approach led him, in turn, to oppose O'Neill's successors as Prime Minister, Major <a href="/wiki/James_Chichester-Clark" title="James Chichester-Clark">James Chichester-Clark</a> (later Lord Moyola) and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Faulkner" title="Brian Faulkner">Brian Faulkner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The civil rights campaign, and attacks on it by loyalists and police, culminated in the <a href="/wiki/1969_Northern_Ireland_riots" title="1969 Northern Ireland riots">August 1969 riots</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1969_Northern_Ireland_riots" title="1969 Northern Ireland riots">1969 Northern Ireland riots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divis_Tower" title="Divis Tower">Divis Street</a> were the worst in Belfast since the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-Coogan,_p.56-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Catholic Irish nationalists clashed with the police and with loyalists, who invaded Catholic neighbourhoods and burned scores of homes and businesses. This led to the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Banner" title="Operation Banner">deployment of British troops</a> and is seen by many as the beginning of the Troubles. Journalists Patrick Bishop and Eamonn Mallie said of the rioting in Belfast: "Both communities were in the grip of a mounting paranoia about the other's intentions. Catholics were convinced that they were about to become victims of a Protestant <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogrom</a>; Protestants that they were on the eve of an IRA insurrection".<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> After the riots, Paisley is reported to have said:<blockquote>Catholic homes caught fire because they were loaded with petrol bombs; Catholic churches were attacked and burned because they were arsenals and priests handed out sub-machine guns to parishioners.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_success_and_founding_of_the_DUP">Electoral success and founding of the DUP</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ian_Paisley_1970.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ian_Paisley_1970.png/200px-Ian_Paisley_1970.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ian_Paisley_1970.png/300px-Ian_Paisley_1970.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ian_Paisley_1970.png/400px-Ian_Paisley_1970.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption>Paisley in 1970</figcaption></figure> On 16 April 1970, in <a href="/wiki/1970_Bannside_by-election" title="1970 Bannside by-election">a by-election</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Parliament of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland Parliament</a>, Paisley, standing on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Unionist_Party" title="Protestant Unionist Party">Protestant Unionist Party</a>, won the <a href="/wiki/Bannside_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bannside (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)">Bannside</a> seat formerly held by Prime Minister Terence O'Neill. Another PUP candidate, <a href="/wiki/William_Beattie_(politician)" title="William Beattie (politician)">William Beattie</a>, won the <a href="/wiki/South_Antrim_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Antrim (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)">South Antrim</a> seat. In the <a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970 UK general election</a>, Paisley won the <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Antrim (UK Parliament constituency)">North Antrim</a> seat. These elections were "further evidence of the break-up of the unionist block and the unease among a large section of Protestants about the reform measures introduced under <a href="/wiki/James_Chichester-Clark" title="James Chichester-Clark">Chichester-Clark</a>".<a href="#cite_note-cain70-76">[76]</a> On 30 September 1971, Paisley and <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Boal" title="Desmond Boal">Desmond Boal</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (DUP).<a href="#cite_note-cain71-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_the_nationalist_SDLP">Relationship with the nationalist SDLP</h3></div> From the 1960s, one of his main rivals was civil rights leader and co-founder of the nationalist <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (SDLP), <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> British Government papers, released in 2002, show that in 1971 Paisley attempted to reach a compromise with the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (SDLP).<a href="#cite_note-Deal-79">[79]</a> The attempt was made via then British Cabinet Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Burke_Trend" title="Burke Trend">Sir Burke Trend</a>. The papers show that Paisley had indicated he could "reach an accommodation with leaders of the Catholic minority, which would provide the basis of a new government in Stormont." It appears that the move was rejected once it became clear to the SDLP that it would have created a very one-sided alliance. Speaking about the deal in 2002 Paisley said: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The SDLP did not want to go along the road that we would have wanted them to go. I wouldn't say there were talks, there was an exchange of views between us, but it never got anywhere. We were prepared to try and seek a way whereby we could govern Northern Ireland and that people of both faiths could be happy with the way it was being governed, but it all rested on the key point – the person with power would be the person that the people gave the power.<a href="#cite_note-Deal-79">[79]</a></blockquote> Promoting the DUP's manifesto at a launch event ahead of the <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983 United Kingdom general election</a> Paisley made clear that the core message of the party's campaign would be to "expose and oppose Provisional Sinn Fein and its fellow travellers, the SDLP." Responding to reporters, Paisley said: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">[The SDLP] are going down the same united Ireland road as Sinn Fein, so they are fellow travellers. We will be taking on the Sinn Fein frontmen for the IRA and are determined to smash them at the polls.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></blockquote> Speaking at the launch of the DUP's policy proposals for devolved government for the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly_(1982)" title="Northern Ireland Assembly (1982)">briefly revived Northern Ireland Assembly</a> in September 1984, Paisley echoed the document's position on power-sharing with the SDLP: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I am totally opposed to power-sharing because it is unworkable and destroys the very principle of my Unionism, which is that we are part of the UK and cannot in any way bring into government those who want to destroy Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></blockquote> In one interview during the referendum campaign following the signing of the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a>, he declared that he was 'opposed to power-sharing with nationalists because nationalists are only power-sharing to destroy Northern Ireland' clearly meaning the SDLP as well as Sinn Féin.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_against_the_Sunningdale_Agreement">Campaign against the Sunningdale Agreement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Workers%27_Council_strike" title="Ulster Workers' Council strike">Ulster Workers' Council strike</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Troubled_Images_Exhibition,_Belfast,_August_2010_(03).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Troubled_Images_Exhibition%2C_Belfast%2C_August_2010_%2803%29.JPG/200px-Troubled_Images_Exhibition%2C_Belfast%2C_August_2010_%2803%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Troubled_Images_Exhibition%2C_Belfast%2C_August_2010_%2803%29.JPG/300px-Troubled_Images_Exhibition%2C_Belfast%2C_August_2010_%2803%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Troubled_Images_Exhibition%2C_Belfast%2C_August_2010_%2803%29.JPG/400px-Troubled_Images_Exhibition%2C_Belfast%2C_August_2010_%2803%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2575" data-file-height="3226" /></a><figcaption>A United Ulster Unionist poster, warning that the Sunningdale Agreement would lead to "<a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> Rule" (i.e. a <a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">united Ireland</a>)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Sunningdale_Agreement" title="Sunningdale Agreement">Sunningdale Agreement</a> of December 1973 set up a new <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive_(1974)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ireland Executive (1974)">government for Northern Ireland</a> in which unionists and nationalists would share power. It also proposed the creation of a Council of Ireland, which would facilitate co-ordination and co-operation between the governments of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Paisley and other hardline unionists opposed the Agreement. Specifically, they opposed sharing political power with nationalists and saw the Council of Ireland as a step towards a <a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">united Ireland</a>. Paisley, along with anti-Agreement <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Harry_West" title="Harry West">Harry West</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Unionist_Progressive_Party" title="Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party">Ulster Vanguard</a> leader <a href="/wiki/William_Craig_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="William Craig (Northern Ireland politician)">William Craig</a>, formed the <a href="/wiki/United_Ulster_Unionist_Council" title="United Ulster Unionist Council">United Ulster Unionist Council</a> (UUUC) to oppose the Agreement. Its slogan was Dublin is just a Sunningdale away.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Loyalists formed the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Workers%27_Council" title="Ulster Workers' Council">Ulster Workers' Council</a> (UWC) to mobilise loyalist workers against the Agreement, while the loyalist paramilitary groups (<a href="/wiki/Ulster_Defence_Association" title="Ulster Defence Association">UDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteer_Force" title="Ulster Volunteer Force">UVF</a> etc.) formed the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Army_Council" title="Ulster Army Council">Ulster Army Council</a> (UAC) to co-ordinate their response. Addressing an anti-Agreement rally in January 1974, Paisley declared:<blockquote>Mr <a href="/wiki/Brian_Faulkner" title="Brian Faulkner">Faulkner</a> says it's 'hands across the border' to Dublin. I say if they don't behave themselves in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">the South</a>, it will be shots across the border!<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></blockquote> On 15 May 1974, the UWC called a general strike aimed at bringing down the Agreement and the new government. A co-ordinating committee was set up to help organise the strike. It included Paisley and the other UUUC leaders, the leaders of the UWC, and the heads of the loyalist paramilitary groups. Its chairman was <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Barr" title="Glenn Barr">Glenn Barr</a>, a high-ranking member of Ulster Vanguard and the UDA. In its first meeting, Barr arrived late and found Paisley sitting at the head of the table. Barr told him "you might be chairman of the Democratic Unionist Party but I'm chairman of the co-ordinating committee, so move over". Paisley moved from the head of the table but carried the chair away with him and the two argued over the chair itself, with Paisley eventually allowed to keep it as he claimed to need a chair with arms due to back pain.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The strike lasted fourteen days and brought Northern Ireland to a standstill. Loyalist paramilitaries helped to enforce the strike by blocking roads and intimidating workers.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> On 17 May, the third day of the strike, loyalists <a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Monaghan_bombings" title="Dublin and Monaghan bombings">detonated four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan</a>, in the Republic of Ireland. The bombs killed 33 civilians and injured 300, making it the deadliest attack of the Troubles, and the deadliest terrorist attack in the Republic's history.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In an interview nine months before his death, Paisley said he was "shocked" by the bombings, but claimed that the Republic's government provoked the attack.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The strike led to the downfall of the Agreement on 28 May. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unionist_Action_Council_strike">Unionist Action Council strike</h3></div> In 1977 the <a href="/wiki/United_Unionist_Action_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="United Unionist Action Council">United Unionist Action Council</a> (UUAC) was formed out of the UUUC. The council was chaired by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Burns_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Joseph Burns (Northern Ireland politician)">Joseph Burns</a> and included Paisley, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Baird" title="Ernest Baird">Ernest Baird</a> (leader of the <a href="/wiki/United_Ulster_Unionist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="United Ulster Unionist Movement">United Ulster Unionist Movement</a>), members of the Ulster Workers' Council, and leaders of loyalist paramilitaries including the UDA, <a href="/wiki/Orange_Volunteers_(1972)" title="Orange Volunteers (1972)">Orange Volunteers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Down_Orange_Welfare" title="Down Orange Welfare">Down Orange Welfare</a>. The UUAC also established its own loyalist vigilante group called the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Service_Corps" title="Ulster Service Corps">Ulster Service Corps</a> (USC).<a href="#cite_note-cain-u-64">[64]</a> On 3 May 1977, the UUAC organised a general strike. It was seen by the public as "Paisley's strike", due to his prominent role in it.<a href="#cite_note-1977strikesummary-91">[91]</a> The main aims of the strike were to restore devolved government to Northern Ireland under a system of simple majority (i.e. unionist) rule and to force the British Government to introduce tougher security measures against the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-1977strikesummary-91">[91]</a> As in 1974, loyalist paramilitaries tried to enforce the strike by blocking roads, intimidating workers and attacking businesses that refused to co-operate.<a href="#cite_note-1977strikechronology-92">[92]</a> However, unlike in 1974, many workers refused to join the strike and the security forces were better prepared.<a href="#cite_note-1977strikechronology-92">[92]</a> The Ulster Service Corps set up roadblocks and carried out patrols in rural areas. Some members carried guns, although these were generally legally-held firearms.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> During a speech in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>, Paisley claimed to have taken part in some of these patrols and encouraged his supporters to join the group.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> On 10 May, Protestant bus driver Harry Bradshaw was shot dead by loyalists for working during the strike, and UDR soldier John Geddis was killed when loyalists bombed a petrol station that had stayed open.<a href="#cite_note-1977strikechronology-92">[92]</a> That same day, Paisley, Baird and other members of the UUAC were arrested at a roadblock outside Ballymena. Paisley was charged with obstruction of the highway and then released.<a href="#cite_note-1977strikechronology-92">[92]</a> On 13 May, the strike was called off. The strike was widely seen as a failure, but Paisley—who had said he would quit politics if it failed—declared it a success and continued his career.<a href="#cite_note-1977strikesummary-91">[91]</a> The RUC later reported that three people had been killed by loyalists during the strike, 41 RUC officers had been injured, there had been thousands of reports of intimidation, and 115 people had been charged with offences.<a href="#cite_note-1977strikechronology-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election_to_European_Parliament">Election to European Parliament</h3></div> Paisley opposed the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (EEC) but stood for election to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> to give a platform to his views and those of his supporters. In June 1979, in the <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">first election</a> to the European Parliament, Paisley won one of the three Northern Ireland seats. He topped the poll, with 29.8% of the first preference votes.<a href="#cite_note-cain79-95">[95]</a> On 17 July, Paisley interrupted the opening proceedings of the European Parliament to protest that the <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> outside the building was flying upside down.<a href="#cite_note-cain79-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Louise_Weiss" title="Louise Weiss">Louise Weiss</a>, who presided over the Parliament, dealt with the interruption swiftly and later said of it that she was used to dealing with "recalcitrant youngsters".<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> On 18 July, Paisley tried to interrupt <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a>—then <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> (Irish prime minister) and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President of the European Council</a>—as he was making a speech in the Parliament. Paisley was shouted down by other MEPs.<a href="#cite_note-cain79-95">[95]</a> Paisley easily retained his seat in every European election until he stood down in 2004, receiving the highest popular vote of any British MEP (although as Northern Ireland uses a different electoral system from Great Britain for European elections, the figures are not strictly comparable).<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Force">Third Force</h3></div> During 1981, Paisley attempted to create a Protestant loyalist volunteer <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a>—called the (Ulster) <a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Third Force (Northern Ireland)">Third Force</a>—which would work alongside the police and army to fight the IRA. At the time, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> was holding talks with Taoiseach <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">Irish republican hunger strike</a> was underway. On the night of 6 February 1981, Paisley summoned journalists to a hillside in County Antrim, where he had gathered 500 men. The men were photographed in military formation, waving what purported to be <a href="/wiki/Firearms_license" title="Firearms license">firearms certificates</a> in the air. Paisley declared: "This is a small token of the men who are placed to devastate any attempt by Margaret Thatcher and Charles Haughey to destroy the Union".<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> He added: "I will take full responsibility for anything these men do. We will stop at nothing."<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Paisley helped organise further night-time rallies on 1 April, where large groups of men brandished more pieces of paper. They were held on hillsides near <a href="/wiki/Gortin" title="Gortin">Gortin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a>. At Gortin, the police were attacked and two police vehicles overturned.<a href="#cite_note-cain81-100">[100]</a> On 16 November, Paisley addressed a large Third Force rally in <a href="/wiki/Enniskillen" title="Enniskillen">Enniskillen</a>, where hundreds of men marched in a show of strength.<a href="#cite_note-cain81-100">[100]</a> Paisley organised a loyalist 'Day of Action' on 23 November, to pressure the British government to take a harder line against the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-cain81-100">[100]</a> Rallies were held in Protestant areas of Northern Ireland and a number of businesses shut. The DUP and UUP held separate rallies at <a href="/wiki/Belfast_City_Hall" title="Belfast City Hall">Belfast City Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cain81-100">[100]</a> That night, Paisley addressed a Third Force rally in <a href="/wiki/Newtownards" title="Newtownards">Newtownards</a>, where thousands of masked and uniformed men marched before him. He declared:<blockquote>My men are ready to be recruited under the crown to destroy the vermin of the IRA. But if they refuse to recruit them, then we will have no other decision to make but to destroy the IRA ourselves!<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></blockquote> On 3 December, Paisley claimed that the Third Force had 15,000–20,000 members. <a href="/wiki/James_Prior,_Baron_Prior" class="mw-redirect" title="James Prior, Baron Prior">James Prior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland" title="Secretary of State for Northern Ireland">Secretary of State for Northern Ireland</a>, replied that private armies would not be tolerated.<a href="#cite_note-cain81-100">[100]</a> In December 1981, the <a href="/wiki/State_Department_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department of the United States">State Department of the United States</a> revoked Paisley's visa, citing his "divisive rhetoric" and forcing him to cancel plans for a two-week speaking and fundraising tour in the US. He insisted the cancellation was part of a "conspiracy between the Thatcher Government and the U.S.A. Government to sell out Ulster".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-divisive-rhetoric-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_against_the_Anglo-Irish_Agreement">Campaign against the Anglo-Irish Agreement</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement" title="Anglo-Irish Agreement">Anglo-Irish Agreement</a> was signed by the British and Irish governments on 15 November 1985, following months of talks between the two governments. The Agreement confirmed that there would be no change in the status of Northern Ireland without <a href="/wiki/Principle_of_consent" title="Principle of consent">the consent of a majority of its citizens</a>, and set out conditions for the creation of a power-sharing government for Northern Ireland. It also gave the Irish government an advisory role on political, legal and security matters in Northern Ireland. Led by Paisley and UUP leader James Molyneaux, unionists mounted a major protest campaign against the Agreement, dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Ulster_Says_No" title="Ulster Says No">Ulster Says No</a>". Both unionist parties resigned their seats in the British House of Commons, suspended district council meetings, and supported a campaign of mass <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a>. There were strikes and mass protest rallies. On 23 November 1985, more than 100,000 people attended a rally at Belfast City Hall.<a href="#cite_note-aia-103">[103]</a> The rally was addressed by Paisley and Molyneaux. In his address, Paisley famously stated: <blockquote><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Provisional IRA in the Republic of Ireland">Where do the terrorists operate from? From the Irish Republic! Where do the terrorists return to for sanctuary? To the Irish Republic!</a> And yet Mrs Thatcher tells us that that Republic must have some say in our Province. We say Never! Never! Never! Never!<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></blockquote> On 23 June 1986, Paisley and 21 other unionist politicians occupied the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Buildings_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Parliament Buildings (Northern Ireland)">Stormont Parliament Building</a> in protest at the Agreement, while 200 supporters protested outside and clashed with police.<a href="#cite_note-aia-103">[103]</a> Paisley and the others were forcibly removed by police the next day.<a href="#cite_note-aia-103">[103]</a> He shouted at police officers: "Don't come crying to me if your homes are attacked. You will reap what you sow!"<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> During the campaign against the Agreement, loyalist militants attacked the homes of over 500 police officers, forcing 150 families to move.<a href="#cite_note-aia-103">[103]</a> That evening, he addressed an <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Clubs" title="Ulster Clubs">Ulster Clubs</a> rally in <a href="/wiki/Larne" title="Larne">Larne</a> and warned:<blockquote>If the British government force us down the road to a <a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">united Ireland</a> we will fight to the death! [...] This could come to hand-to-hand fighting in every street in Northern Ireland. We are on the verge of civil war [...] We are asking people to be ready for the worst and I will lead them.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></blockquote> On 10 July, Paisley and deputy DUP leader Peter Robinson led 4,000 loyalists in an early morning protest in which they 'took over' and 'occupied' the town of <a href="/wiki/Hillsborough,_County_Down" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillsborough, County Down">Hillsborough</a> in protest against the Agreement. <a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Castle" title="Hillsborough Castle">Hillsborough Castle</a> is where the Agreement had been signed.<a href="#cite_note-aia-103">[103]</a> One month later, Robinson led a loyalist <a href="/wiki/Clontibret_invasion" title="Clontibret invasion">invasion of the village of Clontibret</a> in the Republic of Ireland. Robinson was arrested and charged for his part in the incident. Paisley and many loyalist supporters travelled south to support him during his court appearance in <a href="/wiki/Dundalk" title="Dundalk">Dundalk</a>. Their singing of loyalist songs outside the courthouse led to rioting, causing Paisley and Robinson to lodge a formal complaint with the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Office">Foreign Office</a> about what they said was inadequate protection. On 10 November 1986, a large private rally was held in the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Hall" title="Ulster Hall">Ulster Hall</a>. At the rally, Paisley and DUP members Peter Robinson and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Foster" title="Ivan Foster">Ivan Foster</a> announced the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Resistance" title="Ulster Resistance">Ulster Resistance</a> Movement (URM). This was a loyalist paramilitary organisation whose purpose was to "take direct action as and when required" to bring down the Agreement and defeat republicanism.<a href="#cite_note-cain-u-64">[64]</a> Paisley, who stood on the platform in a <a href="/wiki/Red_beret" title="Red beret">red beret</a>, said "there are many like myself who'd like to see the Agreement brought down by democratic means, but wouldn't we all be fools if we weren't prepared".<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Other recruitment rallies were held in towns across Northern Ireland and the movement was organised into nine 'battalions'.<a href="#cite_note-cain-u-64">[64]</a> The following year, the URM helped smuggle a large shipment of weapons into Northern Ireland, which were shared out between the URM, UVF and UDA. Most, but not all, of the weaponry, was seized by police in 1988. In 1989, URM members attempted to trade <a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Shorts</a>' missile blueprints for weapons from the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> South African regime. Following these revelations, the DUP said that it had cut its links with the URM in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> On 9 December 1986, Paisley was once again ejected from the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> for continually interrupting a speech by Margaret Thatcher.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drumcree_dispute">Drumcree dispute</h3></div> Paisley was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Drumcree_conflict" title="Drumcree conflict">Drumcree dispute</a> during the late 1980s and 1990s. He supported the right of the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a>, a Protestant unionist fraternal organisation, to march through the Catholic part of <a href="/wiki/Portadown" title="Portadown">Portadown</a>. The Catholic residents sought to ban the yearly march from their area, seeing it as <a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">sectarian</a>, triumphalist and <a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">supremacist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Paisley was a former member of the Orange Order<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> and belonged to a similar Protestant brotherhood: the <a href="/wiki/Apprentice_Boys_of_Derry" title="Apprentice Boys of Derry">Apprentice Boys</a>. He also addressed the yearly gathering of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Orange_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Orange Order">Independent Orange Order</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> On 30 March 1986, a loyalist march was banned from the Catholic district. At midnight, 3,000 loyalists gathered in the town centre. Led by Paisley, they forced their way past police and marched through the Catholic district. Residents claimed that some of the marchers were carrying guns<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mulholland-116">[116]</a> and that police did little to stop the loyalists attacking their homes.<a href="#cite_note-Mulholland-116">[116]</a> This led to severe rioting between residents and the police.<a href="#cite_note-Mulholland-116">[116]</a> In July 1995, residents succeeded in stopping the Orange march from entering their area. Thousands of Orangemen and loyalists engaged in a standoff with the police and army at <a href="/wiki/Drumcree_Church" title="Drumcree Church">Drumcree Church</a>. Paisley addressed a rally at Drumcree, telling a crowd of thousands:<blockquote>We will die if necessary rather than surrender! If we don't win this battle all is lost. It is a matter of life and death; it is a matter of Ulster or the Irish Republic; it is a matter of freedom or slavery!<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></blockquote> Afterwards, Paisley gathered a throng of Orangemen and tried to push through the police lines, but was arrested.<a href="#cite_note-drumcree95-118">[118]</a> Loyalists threw missiles at the police and tried to break through the blockade; police responded with <a href="/wiki/Plastic_bullet" title="Plastic bullet">plastic bullets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-drumcree95-118">[118]</a> In support of the Orangeman, loyalists blocked roads across Northern Ireland, and there were attacks on Catholics and the police.<a href="#cite_note-drumcree95-118">[118]</a> The march was eventually allowed to continue through the Catholic area. As the march ended, Paisley and <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a> held hands in the air in what appeared to be a gesture of triumph, causing considerable ill-feeling among the Catholic residents.<a href="#cite_note-drumcree95-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_against_the_Good_Friday_Agreement">Campaign against the Good Friday Agreement</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Bill_Clinton_participates_in_a_meeting_with_Protestant_Religious_leader_Ian_Paisley_at_Queens_University_in_Belfast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/President_Bill_Clinton_participates_in_a_meeting_with_Protestant_Religious_leader_Ian_Paisley_at_Queens_University_in_Belfast.jpg/220px-President_Bill_Clinton_participates_in_a_meeting_with_Protestant_Religious_leader_Ian_Paisley_at_Queens_University_in_Belfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/President_Bill_Clinton_participates_in_a_meeting_with_Protestant_Religious_leader_Ian_Paisley_at_Queens_University_in_Belfast.jpg/330px-President_Bill_Clinton_participates_in_a_meeting_with_Protestant_Religious_leader_Ian_Paisley_at_Queens_University_in_Belfast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/President_Bill_Clinton_participates_in_a_meeting_with_Protestant_Religious_leader_Ian_Paisley_at_Queens_University_in_Belfast.jpg/440px-President_Bill_Clinton_participates_in_a_meeting_with_Protestant_Religious_leader_Ian_Paisley_at_Queens_University_in_Belfast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1578" /></a><figcaption>Paisley with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> in 1995</figcaption></figure> Paisley's DUP was initially involved in the negotiations under former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a> that eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a> in 1998, but the party withdrew in protest when Sinn Féin was allowed to participate after the Provisional IRA's 1994 ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Instead, Paisley travelled to Cameroon with the documentary filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ronson" title="Jon Ronson">Jon Ronson</a>, filming an episode of the television series Witness called "Dr Paisley, I Presume".<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Paisley and his party opposed the Agreement in the referendum that followed its signing, which saw it approved by over 70% of the voters in Northern Ireland and by over 90% of voters in the Republic of Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Although Paisley often stressed his loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Crown</a>, he accused <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth</a> of being <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>'s "parrot" when she voiced approval of the Agreement.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The DUP fought the resulting election to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a>, to which Paisley was elected while keeping his seats in the Westminster and European parliaments. The DUP took two seats in the multi-party power-sharing executive (Paisley, like the leaders of the nationalist <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (SDLP) and Sinn Féin chose not to become a minister) but those DUP members serving as ministers (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Dodds" title="Nigel Dodds">Nigel Dodds</a>) refused to attend meetings of the Executive Committee (cabinet) in protest at Sinn Féin's participation.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Paisley assumed the chairmanship of the Agriculture Committee of the Northern Ireland Assembly created by the Belfast Agreement. The Minister for Agriculture, the SDLP's <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%ADd_Rodgers" title="Bríd Rodgers">Bríd Rodgers</a>, remarked that she and Paisley had a "workmanlike" relationship.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s:_compromise_and_power">2000s: compromise and power</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W._Bush_and_Martin_McGuinness.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/W._Bush_and_Martin_McGuinness.jpg/220px-W._Bush_and_Martin_McGuinness.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/W._Bush_and_Martin_McGuinness.jpg/330px-W._Bush_and_Martin_McGuinness.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/W._Bush_and_Martin_McGuinness.jpg/440px-W._Bush_and_Martin_McGuinness.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>Paisley, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a> in December 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scottish_and_Northern_Ireland_Ministers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Scottish_and_Northern_Ireland_Ministers.jpg/220px-Scottish_and_Northern_Ireland_Ministers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Scottish_and_Northern_Ireland_Ministers.jpg/330px-Scottish_and_Northern_Ireland_Ministers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Scottish_and_Northern_Ireland_Ministers.jpg/440px-Scottish_and_Northern_Ireland_Ministers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3479" data-file-height="2319" /></a><figcaption>McGuinness, Paisley and Scottish First Minister <a href="/wiki/Alex_Salmond" title="Alex Salmond">Alex Salmond</a> in 2008</figcaption></figure> At the age of 78, Paisley retired from his European Parliament seat at the <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004 elections</a> and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Allister" title="Jim Allister">Jim Allister</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In September 2004, he agreed to meet Taoiseach <a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a>, in his political capacity as leader of the DUP.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> At an early meeting with Ahern at the Irish embassy in London, he requested breakfast and asked for boiled eggs; when Ahern asked him why he had wanted boiled eggs, he quipped "it would be hard for you to poison them".<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Following rumours and a marked change in his appearance, it was confirmed in July 2004 that Paisley had been undergoing tests for an undisclosed illness, and in 2005 <a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Paisley Jr.">Ian Paisley Jr.</a> confirmed that his father had been gravely ill. Paisley himself later said that he had "walked in death's shadow."<a href="#cite_note-bbc_profile_2007-128">[128]</a> Paisley again retained his <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Antrim (UK Parliament constituency)">North Antrim</a> seat in the <a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005 UK general election</a>. In 2005, he was made a <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Counsellor</a>, an appointment traditionally bestowed upon leaders of political parties in the British Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In the October 2006 <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Agreement" title="St Andrews Agreement">St Andrews Agreement</a>, Paisley and the DUP agreed to new elections, and support for a new executive including Sinn Féin subject to Sinn Féin acceptance of the <a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">Police Service of Northern Ireland</a>, the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> This reversed half a century of opposition to Sinn Féin, such as his comments four months previously on <a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">12 July</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portrush" title="Portrush">Portrush</a>, following Orange Order parades, when he said, "[Sinn Fein] are not fit to be in partnership with decent people. They are not fit to be in the government of Northern Ireland and it will be over our dead bodies if they ever get there."<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Sinn Féin subsequently endorsed the PSNI, and in the <a href="/wiki/2007_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election">subsequent election</a> Paisley and the DUP received an increased share of the vote and increased their assembly seats from 30 to 36.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> On Monday 26 March 2007, the date of the British Government deadline for devolution or dissolution, Paisley led a DUP delegation to a meeting with a Sinn Féin delegation led by <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a>, which agreed on a DUP proposal that the executive would be established on 8 May.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> On 8 May 2007 power was devolved, the Assembly met, and Paisley and Sinn Féin's <a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a> were elected <a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland</a>. Speaking at Stormont to an invited international audience he said, "Today at long last we are starting upon the road—I emphasise starting—which I believe will take us to lasting peace in our province."<a href="#cite_note-BBC2-134">[134]</a> Paisley and McGuinness subsequently established a good working relationship and were dubbed the "Chuckle Brothers" by the Northern Irish media.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In September 2007, he confirmed that he would contest North Antrim at the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a> as well as serving the full four years as First Minister, stating "I might as well make hay while the sun shines."<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In 2007, Paisley was named as "Opposition Parliamentarian of the Year" in <a href="/wiki/The_House_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The House Magazine">The House Magazine</a> Parliamentary Awards<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> and by <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a> as "Marathon Man of the Year."<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Following his January 2008 retirement as leader of the Free Presbyterian Church and pressure from party insiders, on 4 March 2008, Paisley announced that he would stand down as DUP leader and First Minister of Northern Ireland in May 2008.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-quit-1">[1]</a> On 17 April, Peter Robinson was elected unopposed as leader of the DUP<a href="#cite_note-BBC-Robinson-leader-139">[139]</a> and succeeded Paisley as First Minister at a special sitting of the assembly on 5 June 2008.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> On 2 March 2010, it was announced that Paisley would step down as a Member of Parliament at that year's general election.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> His son Ian Paisley Jr. was elected to succeed him in the seat at the general election on 6 May 2010.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On 18 June 2010, Paisley was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> as Baron Bannside, of North Antrim in the County of Antrim, and he was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> on 5 July 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Gazette-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bannside_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bannside (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)">Bannside</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituencies" title="Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies">Northern Ireland Parliament constituency</a> Paisley had won in 1970; he opted not to take the title of "Lord Paisley" as his wife was already in the House as <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Paisley,_Baroness_Paisley_of_St_George%27s" title="Eileen Paisley, Baroness Paisley of St George's">Baroness Paisley</a> and he said that it would have implied she was "sitting not in her own right but as my wife".<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_years_and_death_(2010–14)">Final years and death (2010–14)</h2></div> In November 2011, Paisley announced to his congregation, which he had led for over 60 years, that he would retire as minister.<a href="#cite_note-guardian_retire-145">[145]</a> He delivered his final sermon to a packed attendance at the Martyrs' Memorial Hall on 18 December 2011,<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> and finally retired from his religious ministry at the age of 85, on 27 January 2012.<a href="#cite_note-guardian_retire-145">[145]</a> In February 2012, Paisley was admitted to hospital with heart problems. Jim Flanagan, editor of the Ballymena Guardian, who spoke to close family friends, said that Paisley had been able to communicate "to some degree" with family members.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-147">[147]</a> A year before, he had had a <a href="/wiki/Pacemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacemaker">pacemaker</a> fitted due to <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac arrhythmia">cardiac arrhythmia</a>, during his time in the House of Lords.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> In late December 2013, Paisley was once again taken to hospital for "necessary tests". Ian Paisley Jr. emphasised that they were routine.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Paisley died in Belfast on 12 September 2014, aged 88.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> His body was buried at <a href="/wiki/Ballygowan" title="Ballygowan">Ballygowan</a>, in <a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">County Down</a> on 15 September following a private funeral,<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> and a public memorial for 830 invited guests<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> was held in the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Hall" title="Ulster Hall">Ulster Hall</a> on 19 October 2014.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> A <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> obituary reported that late in life Paisley had moderated and softened his stances against Roman Catholics but that "the legacies of fighting and religious hatreds remained."<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paisley_grave_Ballygowan_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Paisley_grave_Ballygowan_2.jpg/220px-Paisley_grave_Ballygowan_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Paisley_grave_Ballygowan_2.jpg/330px-Paisley_grave_Ballygowan_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Paisley_grave_Ballygowan_2.jpg/440px-Paisley_grave_Ballygowan_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3128" data-file-height="2006" /></a><figcaption>Paisley grave at Free Presbyterian Church, Ballygowan, Co. Down</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li>The Protestant Reformation: The Preaching of Ian R. K. Paisley: Four Biographical Sermons: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a> (Audio CD)</li> <li>The Soul of the Question and the Question of the Soul</li> <li>Christian Foundations</li> <li>Protestants Remember!</li> <li>Union with Rome: The Courtship and Proposed Marriage of Protestantism by Romanism and the Objections Thereto (Ravenhill pulpit) (Ravenhill pulpit)</li> <li>Ravenhill Pulpit: The Preaching of Ian R.K. Paisley</li> <li>Souvenir booklet: The 50th Anniversary of the Larne Gun-Running (Ravenhill pulpit) (Ravenhill pulpit)</li> <li>The Five Protestant Bishops whom Rome Burned: <a href="/wiki/John_Hooper_(bishop)" title="John Hooper (bishop)">John Hooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ferrar" title="Robert Ferrar">Robert Ferrar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Latimer" title="Hugh Latimer">Hugh Latimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ridley_(martyr)" title="Nicholas Ridley (martyr)">Nicholas Ridley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a></li> <li>Jesus Christ: Not Able to Sin</li> <li>No Pope Here</li> <li>God's Ultimatum to the Nation</li> <li>Getting Your Priorities Right (Martyr's memorial pulpit) (Martyr's memorial pulpit)</li> <li>The Authority of the Scriptures vs. the Confusion of Translations: Dr. Ian Paisley Thunders Out For the King James Version and its texts! (B.F.T)</li> <li>Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans (Ian R.K. Paisley Library)</li> <li>Classic Sermons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield" title="George Whitefield">George Whitefield</a></li> <li>Messages from the Prison Cell</li> <li>Sermons With Startling Titles</li> <li>Betrayal of our National Heritage</li> <li>U.D.I.</li> <li>The Unaged Birth and the Unembellished Gospel</li> <li>Some Kidd But Definitely No Goat!: The Story of the Witty, the Learned, the Eccentric and the Controversial Dr. Kidd of Aberdeen</li> <li>For Such a Time as This</li> <li>The Ulster Problem, Spring 1972: A Discussion of the True Situation in Northern Ireland</li> <li>The Living Bible: The Livid Libel of the Scriptures of Truth: an Exposure of the So-called Bible for Everyone</li> <li>The Jesuits: Their Start, Sign, System, Secrecy, Strategy</li> <li>The Archbishop in the Arms of the Pope of Rome!: Protestant Ministers in the Hands of the Police of Rome!</li> <li>Three great reformers</li> <li>The Massacre of St. Bartholomew: A Record of Papal Terror and Protestant Triumph in France in the Sixteenth Century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham_(evangelist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy Graham (evangelist)">Billy Graham</a> and the Church of Rome</li> <li>False Views by Modern Man: An Exposure of "Good News for Modern Man — The New Testament — Today's English Version"</li> <li>Grow Old Along With Me</li> <li>Paisley: The Man and his Message</li> <li>The Ecumenical Nightmare: Church Unity in 1980!</li> <li>Text a Day Keeps the Evil Away</li> <li>Into the Millennium: 20th century Messages for 21st century Living</li> <li>The Rent Veils at Calvary</li> <li>The Fundamentalist and his State: Address delivered on 15 June 1976 to the World Congress of Fundamentalists meeting at Usher Hall, Edinburgh</li> <li>America's Debt to Ulster</li> <li>The Crown of Thorns</li> <li>An Enemy has Done This: Terror and Treachery in Northern Ireland</li> <li>Expository Sermons</li> <li>The Garments of Christ</li> <li>My Plea for the Old Sword</li> <li>Christian Foundations</li> <li>Sermons for Special Occasions</li> <li>Paisley's Pocket Preacher: Thumbnail gospel sermons</li> <li>The Livid Libel of the Scriptures of Truth: An Exposure of the So-called Bible in Everyday Language for Everyone (B.F.T)</li> <li>The Revised English Bible; The Antichrist Bible (an exposure)</li> <li>Be Sure</li> <li>Ulster: The Facts</li> <li>The Crown Rights of Jesus Christ: An address delivered by request before the General Synod of the Bible Presbyterian Church of America</li> <li>An Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans,: Prepared in the Prison Cell</li> <li>The Common Bible (Revised Standard Version): The Bible of the Antichrist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wills_Newton" title="Benjamin Wills Newton">Benjamin Wills Newton</a> Maligned But Magnificent: A Centenary Tribute, 1999</li> <li>The 59 Revival: An Authentic History of the Great Ulster Awakening of 1859</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BBC-quit-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-quit_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-quit_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7277886.stm">"Paisley to quit as first minister"</a>. BBC News. 4 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305082240/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7277886.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Paisley+to+quit+as+first+minister&rft.date=2008-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F7277886.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7438306.stm">"Robinson is new NI first minister"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Robinson+is+new+NI+first+minister&rft.date=2008-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F7438306.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gazette-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gazette_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gazette_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette59467" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/59467/page/11801">"State – Crown Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 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Burns Night is on the way"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616030210/https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/opinion/ian-paisley-great-scot-burns-night-is-on-the-way-1-3443027">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2018. 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Retrieved 26 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ian+Paisley+dies%3B+Northern+Ireland+leader+known+for+anti-Catholic+rhetoric&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=T.+Rees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Fian-paisley-dies-northern-ireland-leader-known-for-anti-catholic-rhetoric%2F2014%2F09%2F12%2Fd02a04ee-5d72-11e1-a729-976314dc4592_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Kyle, Keith. Keith Kyle, Reporting the World. IB Tauris, 2009. p.206 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219064400/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/n.ireland/profiles/people/paisley.html">"Ian Paisley"</a>. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/n.ireland/profiles/people/paisley.html">the original</a> on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Ian+Paisley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FSPECIALS%2F2000%2Fn.ireland%2Fprofiles%2Fpeople%2Fpaisley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald1988" class="citation news cs1">MacDonald, Susan (2 October 1988). "Paisley ejected for insulting Pope". The Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Paisley+ejected+for+insulting+Pope&rft.date=1988-10-02&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2004" class="citation news cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (16 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/Northern_Ireland/Story/0,2763,1305503,00.html">"The Return of Dr. No"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210922232359/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2004/sep/16/northernireland.northernireland">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Return+of+Dr.+No&rft.date=2004-09-16&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2FNorthern_Ireland%2FStory%2F0%2C2763%2C1305503%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7DC1630F935A25753C1A96E948260">"HEADLINERS; Papal Audience"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209090616/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7DC1630F935A25753C1A96E948260">Archived</a> 9 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times, 16 October 1988. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> David McKittrick, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/ulster/article1826297.ece">"An amazing conversion? The Big Man makes a long journey"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907134154/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/ulster/article1826297.ece">Archived</a> 7 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Independent, 10 October 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevenport2004" class="citation news cs1">Devenport, Mark (19 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/3411419.stm">"Paisley's exit from Europe"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105045454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/3411419.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Paisley%27s+exit+from+Europe&rft.date=2004-01-19&rft.aulast=Devenport&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F3411419.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnview.com/on_line_resources/billy_grahams_tragic_romeward_run.htm">"Billy Graham's Tragic Romeward Run"</a>. Cnview.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100524011312/http://cnview.com/on_line_resources/billy_grahams_tragic_romeward_run.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Billy+Graham%27s+Tragic+Romeward+Run&rft.pub=Cnview.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnview.com%2Fon_line_resources%2Fbilly_grahams_tragic_romeward_run.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-freepres.org-30"><a href="#cite_ref-freepres.org_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930182819/http://www.freepres.org/paisley.asp?paisley">"Free Presbyterian Church – Dr. Ian Paisley"</a>. Freepres.org. 16 October 1988. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freepres.org/paisley.asp?paisley">the original</a> on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Free+Presbyterian+Church+%E2%80%93+Dr.+Ian+Paisley&rft.pub=Freepres.org&rft.date=1988-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freepres.org%2Fpaisley.asp%3Fpaisley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaisley1999" class="citation web cs1">Paisley, Ian R.K (22 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080506112540/http://www.ianpaisley.org/article.asp?ArtKey=666">"The Vacant Seat Number 666 in the European Parliament"</a>. ianpaisley.org. EIPS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianpaisley.org/article.asp?ArtKey=666">the original</a> on 6 May 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ianpaisley.org&rft.atitle=The+Vacant+Seat+Number+666+in+the+European+Parliament&rft.date=1999-07-22&rft.aulast=Paisley&rft.aufirst=Ian+R.K&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianpaisley.org%2Farticle.asp%3FArtKey%3D666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/09/12/ian-paisley-pope-antichrist_n_5809840.html">"Watch The Moment Ian Paisley Called Pope John Paul II 'The Antichrist'"</a>. HuffPost. 12 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913233001/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/09/12/ian-paisley-pope-antichrist_n_5809840.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Watch+The+Moment+Ian+Paisley+Called+Pope+John+Paul+II+%27The+Antichrist%27&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2F2014%2F09%2F12%2Fian-paisley-pope-antichrist_n_5809840.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4405717.stm">"NI leaders pay tribute to Pope"</a>. BBC News. 3 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107005713/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4405717.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=NI+leaders+pay+tribute+to+Pope&rft.date=2005-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F4405717.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorash,_Chris2002" class="citation book cs1">Morash, Chris (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tBoSJFAnKbMC&pg=PA244">A History of Irish Theatre 1601–2000</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521646826" title="Special:BookSources/9780521646826"><bdi>9780521646826</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904094905/https://books.google.com/books?id=tBoSJFAnKbMC&pg=PA244">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Irish+Theatre+1601%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780521646826&rft.au=Morash%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtBoSJFAnKbMC%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurdy2014" class="citation news cs1">Purdy, Martina (30 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-25961996">"Banned Bible play: Censorship, or a question of standards? – BBC News"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502175229/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-25961996">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Banned+Bible+play%3A+Censorship%2C+or+a+question+of+standards%3F+%E2%80%93+BBC+News&rft.date=2014-01-30&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=Martina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland-25961996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/jun/10/uk.northernireland">"Clash over new Ulster abortion law change"</a>. The Guardian. 9 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914223028/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/jun/10/uk.northernireland">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Clash+over+new+Ulster+abortion+law+change&rft.date=2007-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2007%2Fjun%2F10%2Fuk.northernireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-mar-24-la-ed-paisley24-2010mar24-story.html">Ian Paisley and politics of peace</a>, Los Angeles Times, 24 March 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Hunt, Stephen. Contemporary Christianity and LGBT Sexualities. Ashgate Publishing, 2012. p.132 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/1977/1020/Pg007.html#Ar00702:2070E82811412471B426D1D119A13A21D19418C1921BC1AF2B51B42DD1D11E12E12012F627056B29258024413D3191962EA1B532C1D129F0EA3491442771B42AC1D11893A61B33BB">"Paisley campaigns to 'save Ulster from Sodomy'"</a>. The Irish Times. 20 October 1977. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010013618/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/1977/1020/Pg007.html#Ar00702:2070E82811412471B426D1D119A13A21D19418C1921BC1AF2B51B42DD1D11E12E12012F627056B29258024413D3191962EA1B532C1D129F0EA3491442771B42AC1D11893A61B33BB">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Paisley+campaigns+to+%27save+Ulster+from+Sodomy%27&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1977-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Farchive%2F1977%2F1020%2FPg007.html%23Ar00702%3A2070E82811412471B426D1D119A13A21D19418C1921BC1AF2B51B42DD1D11E12E12012F627056B29258024413D3191962EA1B532C1D129F0EA3491442771B42AC1D11893A61B33BB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Stonewall timeline of Gay & Lesbian history available here <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.stonewallcymru.org.uk/information_bank/history__lesbian__gay/89.asp?TextSize=large&">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313223408/http://www.stonewallcymru.org.uk/information_bank/history__lesbian__gay/89.asp?TextSize=large&">Archived</a> 13 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-jordan-41"><a href="#cite_ref-jordan_41-0">^</a> Richard Lawrence Jordan, The Second Coming of Paisley: Militant Fundamentalism and Ulster Politics, p.222 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Smyth" title="Clifford Smyth">Clifford Smyth</a>, Ian Paisley: Voice of Protestant Ulster, p.4 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brett" title="Charles Brett">CEB Brett</a>, Long Shadows Cast Before, Edinburgh, 1978, pp. 130–131 </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia-political-44"><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia-political_44-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qps14mSlghcC&dq=%22Ian+Paisley%22+%22Ulster+Protestant+Action%22&pg=PA255">Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102175818/https://books.google.com/books?id=qps14mSlghcC&pg=PA255&lpg=PA255&dq=%22Ian+Paisley%22+%22Ulster+Protestant+Action%22&source=bl&ots=2i9IP_GyUb&sig=2-bdewO6ZBzX7QvyhI0OQy8YsgE&hl=en&ei=ZQ4xS7mdBoGRjAekhunRAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CBMQ6AEwBTge">Archived</a> 2 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, p.255 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c5TPHakJ98cC&dq=protestant+unionist+party+1966&pg=PA144">Making the Irish American</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904094905/https://books.google.com/books?id=c5TPHakJ98cC&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dq=protestant+unionist+party+1966&source=bl&ots=XpMWEmLXh9&sig=TnEqKpIstgJUHB74Pjp5XK8eV4E&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Wl82T4vqFoGm8gO8_9mqAg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=protestant%20unionist%20party%201966&f=false">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Joseph Lee and Marion R. Casey, p144, NYU Press, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> See Ian S. Wood, 'The IRA's Border Campaign' p. 123 in Anderson, Malcolm and Eberhard Bort, ed. 'Irish Border: History, Politics, Culture'. Liverpool University Press. 1999 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Coogan, Tim Pat. The Troubles: Ireland's Ordeal and the Search for Peace. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. p.56 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Moloney, Ed. Paisley. Poolbeg, 1986. pp.89–90 </li> <li id="cite_note-Coogan,_p.56-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coogan,_p.56_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coogan,_p.56_49-1">b</a> Coogan, p.56 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100419202543/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/SI/si1987/Uksi_19870463_en_6.htm">"Statutory Instrument 1987 No. 463 (N.I. 7)"</a>. Opsi.gov.uk. 20 September 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/SI/si1987/Uksi_19870463_en_6.htm">the original</a> on 19 April 2010. 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Island Publications, 1997. p.10 </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-divisive-rhetoric-102"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-divisive-rhetoric_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlavinFreudenheim1981" class="citation news cs1">Slavin, Barbara; Freudenheim, Milt (27 December 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50810F9395C0C748EDDAB0994D9484D81">"THE WORLD IN SUMMARY; U.S. PULLS THE RUG ON PAISLEY"</a> (abstract; fee required). <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 2. Retrieved 13 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+WORLD+IN+SUMMARY%3B+U.S.+PULLS+THE+RUG+ON+PAISLEY&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1981-12-27&rft.aulast=Slavin&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=Freudenheim%2C+Milt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF50810F9395C0C748EDDAB0994D9484D81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aia-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aia_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aia_103-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aia_103-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aia_103-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aia_103-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/aia/chron.htm">Anglo-Irish Agreement – Chronology of Events</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206111841/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/aia/chron.htm">Archived</a> 6 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Conflict_Archive_on_the_Internet" title="Conflict Archive on the Internet">Conflict Archive on the Internet</a> (CAIN). 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Ian Paisley says "Never!"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240521221114/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YuM7b10iMg&t=47">Archived</a> 21 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, YouTube, 14 April 2022 </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/24/newsid_2519000/2519077.stm">"1986: Ian Paisley's battle cry condemned"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140915050955/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/24/newsid_2519000/2519077.stm">Archived</a> 15 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. BBC: On This Day. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Cochrane, Feargal. 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Belfast Telegraph. 10 June 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106534">"Speech to European Parliament | Margaret Thatcher Foundation"</a>. Margaretthatcher.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111105172523/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106534">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+European+Parliament+%26%23124%3B+Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.pub=Margaretthatcher.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fspeeches%2Fdisplaydocument.asp%3Fdocid%3D106534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/342901.stm">"Drumcree tension eases"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908032704/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/342901.stm">Archived</a> 8 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. BBC News. 13 May 1999. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120905134042/http://www.independent.ie/national-news/big-changes-in-character-of-drumcree-dispute-437818.html">"Big changes in character of Drumcree dispute"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a>. July 1998. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolff,_StefanNeuheiser,_Jorg2003" class="citation book cs1">Wolff, Stefan; Neuheiser, Jorg (2003). Peace at Last?: The Impact of the Good Friday Agreement on Northern Ireland (Studies in Ethnopolitics). Berghahn Books. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57181-518-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57181-518-7"><bdi>978-1-57181-518-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peace+at+Last%3F%3A+The+Impact+of+the+Good+Friday+Agreement+on+Northern+Ireland+%28Studies+in+Ethnopolitics%29&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57181-518-7&rft.au=Wolff%2C+Stefan&rft.au=Neuheiser%2C+Jorg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhelan,_Frank2014" class="citation web cs1">Whelan, Frank (12 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/10-things-to-know-about-ian-paisley-30582350.html">"10 Things to Know about Ian Paisley"</a>. 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Irish Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210922232404/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/paisley-steps-down-from-pulpit-after-60-years-of-preaching-26803518.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Paisley+steps+down+from+pulpit+after+60+years+of+preaching&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.aulast=McNeilly&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fnational-news%2Fpaisley-steps-down-from-pulpit-after-60-years-of-preaching-2967310.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-147"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-16911310">"Ian Paisley able to communicate 'to some degree'"</a>. BBC News. 7 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112150347/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-16911310">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ian+Paisley+able+to+communicate+%27to+some+degree%27&rft.date=2012-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland-16911310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland/16911310">"Ian Paisley admitted to Ulster hospital"</a>. BBC News. 6 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904094905/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland/16911310">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ian+Paisley+admitted+to+Ulster+hospital&rft.date=2012-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland%2F16911310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-25541275">"Ian Paisley in hospital for tests"</a>. BBC News. 29 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906112540/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-25541275">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ian+Paisley+in+hospital+for+tests&rft.date=2013-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland-25541275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro2014" class="citation news cs1">Shapiro, T. Rees (12 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/ian-paisley-dies-northern-ireland-leader-known-for-anti-catholic-rhetoric/2014/09/12/d02a04ee-5d72-11e1-a729-976314dc4592_story.html">"Ian Paisley dies; Northern Ireland leader known for anti-Catholic rhetoric"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912213109/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/ian-paisley-dies-northern-ireland-leader-known-for-anti-catholic-rhetoric/2014/09/12/d02a04ee-5d72-11e1-a729-976314dc4592_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ian+Paisley+dies%3B+Northern+Ireland+leader+known+for+anti-Catholic+rhetoric&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=T.+Rees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Fian-paisley-dies-northern-ireland-leader-known-for-anti-catholic-rhetoric%2F2014%2F09%2F12%2Fd02a04ee-5d72-11e1-a729-976314dc4592_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/paisley-s-critics-are-pygmies-in-his-shadow-son-says-1.1930620">"Paisley's critics are 'pygmies in his shadow', son says"</a>. The Irish Times. 16 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140917111359/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/paisley-s-critics-are-pygmies-in-his-shadow-son-says-1.1930620">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Paisley%27s+critics+are+%27pygmies+in+his+shadow%27%2C+son+says&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fpaisley-s-critics-are-pygmies-in-his-shadow-son-says-1.1930620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/hundreds-attend-memorial-service-for-ian-paisley-30675980.html">"Hundreds attend memorial service for Ian Paisley"</a>. independent. 19 October 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=independent&rft.atitle=Hundreds+attend+memorial+service+for+Ian+Paisley&rft.date=2014-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Firish-news%2Fpolitics%2Fhundreds-attend-memorial-service-for-ian-paisley-30675980.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-29682589">"Ian Paisley: Former NI leader 'cast influential shadow'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 19 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028212457/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-29682589">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ian+Paisley%3A+Former+NI+leader+%27cast+influential+shadow%27&rft.date=2014-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland-29682589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/13/world/europe/ian-paisley-northern-ireland-leader-dies.html">"Ian Paisley, Ulster Hard-Liner Who Made Peace, Dies at 88"</a>. The New York Times. 12 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912154033/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/13/world/europe/ian-paisley-northern-ireland-leader-dies.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ian+Paisley%2C+Ulster+Hard-Liner+Who+Made+Peace%2C+Dies+at+88&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F09%2F13%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fian-paisley-northern-ireland-leader-dies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Paisley" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Steve Bruce, God save Ulster! The religion and politics of <a href="/wiki/Paisleyism" class="mw-redirect" title="Paisleyism">Paisleyism</a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1986.</li> <li>S. Bruce, Paisley: Religion and Politics in Northern Ireland Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007.</li> <li>Dennis Cooke, Persecuting Zeal: a portrait of Ian Paisley, Brandon Books, 1996.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dillon" title="Martin Dillon">Martin Dillon</a>, God and the Gun, Orion Books, London.</li> <li>Martha Abele MacIver, "Ian Paisley and the Reformed Tradition", Political Studies, September 1987.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Moloney" title="Ed Moloney">Ed Moloney</a> & <a href="/wiki/Andy_Pollak" title="Andy Pollak">Andy Pollak</a>, Paisley, Poolbeg Press, 1986.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Paisley" title="Rhonda Paisley">Rhonda Paisley</a>, Ian Paisley: My Father, Marshall Pickering, 1988.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Smyth" title="Clifford Smyth">Clifford Smyth</a>, Ian Paisley: Voice of Protestant Ulster. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic, 1987.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ian_Paisley" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ian Paisley">Ian Paisley</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ian_Paisley" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Ian Paisley">Ian Paisley</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0656945/">Ian Paisley</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp52885">Portraits of Ian Paisley</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296597#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irlfunds.org/aif/new_york/news_50.asp">The American Ireland Fund hosts Paisley and McGuinness at the New York Stock Exchange</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509195315/http://www.irlfunds.org/aif/new_york/news_50.asp">Archived</a> 9 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sundaysequence/">BBC Extended interview with Ian Paisley</a> (April 2006; interviewed by <a href="/wiki/William_Crawley" title="William Crawley">William Crawley</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bannsidelibrary.com">Bannside Library</a> – Ian Paisley's private library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mydup.com">DUP website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianpaisley.org/">Ian Paisley's European Institute of Protestant Studies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freepres.org">Free Presbyterian Church website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6437165.stm">BBC</a> Biography of Ian Paisley</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/ianpaisley">The Guardian</a> Special Report</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717003620/http://www.thehist.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=118&Itemid=587">Recordings</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717003657/http://www.thehist.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=639&Itemid=588">Photos</a> of the visit by Ian Paisley to the <a href="/wiki/College_Historical_Society" title="College Historical Society">College Historical Society</a> in October 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stormontpapers.ahds.ac.uk/stormontpapers/search.html?searchTerm=%22Paisley+Rev.+Dr.+I.+R.+K.%22">Speeches made by and references to Ian Paisley in the Stormont Parliament, 1970–72</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234314/http://stormontpapers.ahds.ac.uk/stormontpapers/search.html?searchTerm=%22Paisley+Rev.+Dr.+I.+R.+K.%22">Archived</a> 2 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/8b8cc377#p009mfvn">Desert Island Discs appearance (7 August 1988)</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New political party </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> 1971–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Parliament of Northern Ireland">Parliament of Northern Ireland</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Terence_O%27Neill" title="Terence O'Neill">Terence O'Neill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Bannside_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bannside (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)">Bannside</a> 1970–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Parliament abolished </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Maitland_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Maitland Clark">Henry Maitland Clark</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Antrim (UK Parliament constituency)">North Antrim</a> <a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a>–<a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Paisley Jr.">Ian Paisley Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly_(1973)" title="Northern Ireland Assembly (1973)">Northern Ireland Assembly (1973)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New assembly </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly_(1973)" title="Northern Ireland Assembly (1973)">Assembly Member</a> for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(Assembly_constituency)" title="North Antrim (Assembly constituency)">North Antrim</a> 1973–1974 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Assembly abolished </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Constitutional_Convention" title="Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention">Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New convention </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(Assembly_constituency)" title="North Antrim (Assembly constituency)">North Antrim</a> 1975–1976 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Convention dissolved </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New constituency </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a> 1979–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Allister" title="Jim Allister">Jim Allister</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly_(1982)" title="Northern Ireland Assembly (1982)">Northern Ireland Assembly (1982)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New assembly </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Parliamentary_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Parliamentary Assembly">MPA</a> for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(Assembly_constituency)" title="North Antrim (Assembly constituency)">North Antrim</a> 1982–1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Assembly abolished </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Forum" title="Northern Ireland Forum">Northern Ireland Forum</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New forum </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(Assembly_constituency)" title="North Antrim (Assembly constituency)">North Antrim</a> 1996–1998 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Forum dissolved </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New assembly </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (Northern Ireland)">Member of the Legislative Assembly</a> for <a href="/wiki/North_Antrim_(Assembly_constituency)" title="North Antrim (Assembly constituency)">Antrim North</a> 1998–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_McIlveen" title="David McIlveen">David McIlveen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Vacant<div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a> (1998–2002) </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister of Northern Ireland</a> 2007–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Piara_Khabra" title="Piara Khabra">Piara Khabra</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Records_of_members_of_parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom#List_of_oldest_sitting_MPs_since_1945" title="Records of members of parliament of the United Kingdom">Oldest sitting Member of Parliament</a> 2007–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tapsell_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Tapsell (UK politician)">Sir Peter Tapsell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;">Religious titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sydney Lince</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ulster" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster">Moderator of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster</a> 1951–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Johnstone">Ron Johnstone</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ian_Paisley" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Ian_Paisley" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ian Paisley</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Unionist_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D46A4C;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Template:Democratic Unionist Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Template talk:Democratic Unionist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Unionist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Unionist_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ian Paisley</a> (1971–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a> (2008–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlene_Foster" title="Arlene Foster">Arlene Foster</a> (2015–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Poots" title="Edwin Poots">Edwin Poots</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Donaldson" title="Jeffrey Donaldson">Jeffrey Donaldson</a> (2021–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Robinson" title="Gavin Robinson">Gavin Robinson</a> (interim, 2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;">Deputy leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Beattie_(politician)" title="William Beattie (politician)">William Beattie</a> (1971–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a> (1980–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Dodds" title="Nigel Dodds">Nigel Dodds</a> (2008–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Bradley" title="Paula Bradley">Paula Bradley</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;">Chairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Boal" title="Desmond Boal">Desmond Boal</a> (1971–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beattie_(politician)" title="William Beattie (politician)">William Beattie</a> (1973–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McClure_(Unionist_politician)" title="James McClure (Unionist politician)">James McClure</a> (1980–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Morrow" title="Maurice Morrow">Maurice Morrow</a> (2000–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;">General secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a> (1975–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beattie_(politician)" title="William Beattie (politician)">William Beattie</a> (1980–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kane_(politician)" title="Alan Kane (politician)">Alan Kane</a> (1983–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Dodds" title="Nigel Dodds">Nigel Dodds</a> (1993–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_McIlveen" title="Michelle McIlveen">Michelle McIlveen</a> (2008–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2021_Democratic_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="May 2021 Democratic Unionist Party leadership election">May 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2021_Democratic_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="June 2021 Democratic Unionist Party leadership election">June 2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;">Elected representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bradley" title="Maurice Bradley">Maurice Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Brett_(politician)" title="Phillip Brett (politician)">Phillip Brett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brooks_(Northern_Irish_politician)" title="David Brooks (Northern Irish politician)">David Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Brownlee" title="Cheryl Brownlee">Cheryl Brownlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Buchanan" title="Keith Buchanan">Keith Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Buchanan_(Unionist_politician)" title="Thomas Buchanan (Unionist politician)">Thomas Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Buckley" title="Jonathan Buckley">Jonathan Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Bunting" title="Joanne Bunting">Joanne Bunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pam_Cameron" title="Pam Cameron">Pam Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Clarke" title="Trevor Clarke">Trevor Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Dodds" title="Diane Dodds">Diane Dodds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dunne_(politician)" title="Stephen Dunne (politician)">Stephen Dunne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Erskine" title="Deborah Erskine">Deborah Erskine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Forsythe" title="Diane Forsythe">Diane Forsythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Frew" title="Paul Frew">Paul Frew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Givan" title="Paul Givan">Paul Givan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harvey_(politician)" title="Harry Harvey (politician)">Harry Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Irwin_(Unionist_politician)" title="William Irwin (Unionist politician)">William Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kingston" title="Brian Kingston">Brian Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Little-Pengelly" title="Emma Little-Pengelly">Emma Little-Pengelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lyons" title="Gordon Lyons">Gordon Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_McIlveen" title="Michelle McIlveen">Michelle McIlveen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Middleton" title="Gary Middleton">Gary Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Poots" title="Edwin Poots">Edwin Poots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Robinson_(Northern_Irish_politician)" title="Alan Robinson (Northern Irish politician)">Alan Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">Westminster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Unionist_Party_MPs" title="List of Democratic Unionist Party MPs">(MPs 1971–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Unionist_Party_MPs_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of Democratic Unionist Party MPs (2005–2010)">MPs (2005–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Campbell_(politician)" title="Gregory Campbell (politician)">Gregory Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Lockhart" title="Carla Lockhart">Carla Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Robinson" title="Gavin Robinson">Gavin Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Shannon" title="Jim Shannon">Jim Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Wilson_(politician)" title="Sammy Wilson (politician)">Sammy Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;">Ennobled representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Browne,_Baron_Browne_of_Belmont" title="Wallace Browne, Baron Browne of Belmont">The Lord Browne of Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Hay,_Baron_Hay_of_Ballyore" title="Willie Hay, Baron Hay of Ballyore">The Lord Hay of Ballyore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Morrow" title="Maurice Morrow">The Lord Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCrea,_Baron_McCrea_of_Magherafelt_and_Cookstown" title="William McCrea, Baron McCrea of Magherafelt and Cookstown">The Lord McCrea of Magherafelt and Cookstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Dodds" title="Nigel Dodds">The Lord Dodds of Duncairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir,_Baron_Weir_of_Ballyholme" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Weir, Baron Weir of Ballyholme">The Lord Weir of Ballyholme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D46A4C;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Category:Democratic Unionist Party">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party_election_results" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Unionist Party election results">Election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93DUP_agreement" title="Conservative–DUP agreement">Conservative–DUP agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Protestant_Action" title="Ulster Protestant Action">Ulster Protestant Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Unionist_Party" title="Protestant Unionist Party">Protestant Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_government_of_Northern_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_Ireland_heads_of_government" title="Template:Northern Ireland heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northern_Ireland_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Northern Ireland heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northern_Ireland_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northern Ireland heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_government_of_Northern_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Prime Minister of Northern Ireland">Prime Ministers</a> (1921–1972)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Craig,_1st_Viscount_Craigavon" title="James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon">James Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Andrews" title="J. M. Andrews">John Miller Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Brooke,_1st_Viscount_Brookeborough" title="Basil Brooke, 1st Viscount Brookeborough">Basil Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_O%27Neill" title="Terence O'Neill">Terence O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chichester-Clark" title="James Chichester-Clark">James Chichester-Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Faulkner" title="Brian Faulkner">Brian Faulkner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive_(1974)#Chief_Executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ireland Executive (1974)">Chief Executive and deputy-Chief Executive</a> (1974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Faulkner" title="Brian Faulkner">Brian Faulkner</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gerry_Fitt" title="Gerry Fitt">Gerry Fitt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Ministers and deputy First Ministers</a> (1998–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a> / <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Mallon" title="Seamus Mallon">Seamus Mallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mark_Durkan" title="Mark Durkan">Mark Durkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_rule_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Direct rule (Northern Ireland)">Direct Rule</a> (2002–2007)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ian Paisley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlene_Foster" title="Arlene Foster">Arlene Foster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></li> <li>Offices Vacant (2017–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlene_Foster" title="Arlene Foster">Arlene Foster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michelle_O%27Neill" title="Michelle O'Neill">Michelle O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Givan" title="Paul Givan">Paul Givan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michelle_O%27Neill" title="Michelle O'Neill">Michelle O'Neill</a></li> <li>Offices Vacant (2022-2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_O%27Neill" title="Michelle O'Neill">Michelle O'Neill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emma_Little-Pengelly" title="Emma Little-Pengelly">Emma Little-Pengelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_general_election,_2005A" title="Template:United Kingdom general election, 2005A"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_general_election,_2005A" title="Template talk:United Kingdom general election, 2005A"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_general_election,_2005A" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom general election, 2005A"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005 United Kingdom general election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Results of the 2005 United Kingdom general election">Constituency results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_constituencies_in_the_2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Marginal constituencies in the 2005 United Kingdom general election">Marginal constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2005 United Kingdom general election">MPs elected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2005 United Kingdom general election">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parties_contesting_the_2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of parties contesting the 2005 United Kingdom general election">Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-election_day_events_of_the_2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Pre-election day events of the 2005 United Kingdom general election">Pre-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election">Results breakdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ddddff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incumbent <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>)</li> <li>Appointed prime minister: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> and their leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Michael Howard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Charles Kennedy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ian Paisley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Salmond" title="Alex Salmond">Alex Salmond</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ieuan_Wyn_Jones" title="Ieuan Wyn Jones">Ieuan Wyn Jones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Durkan" title="Mark Durkan">Mark Durkan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(British_politician)" title="Richard Taylor (British politician)">Richard Taylor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_Community_and_Health_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Community and Health Concern">Health Concern</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">George Galloway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Respect_Party" title="Respect Party">Respect</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Results by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in England">England</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_England_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in England (2005–2010)">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Northern_Ireland" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Northern_Ireland_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Northern Ireland (2005–2010)">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Scotland" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in Scotland">Scotland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Scotland_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Scotland (2005–2010)">list</a>) <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Edinburgh" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in Wales">Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Wales_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Wales (2005–2010)">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPs by party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Conservative_MPs_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom Conservative MPs (2005–2010)">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Unionist_Party_MPs_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of Democratic Unionist Party MPs (2005–2010)">Democratic Unionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Labour_MPs_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom Labour MPs (2005–2010)">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Labour_and_Labour_Co-operative_MPs_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom Labour and Labour Co-operative MPs (2005–2010)">Labour and Labour Co-operative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Labour_Co-operative_MPs_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom Labour Co-operative MPs (2005–2010)">Labour Co-operative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Liberal_Democrat_MPs_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom Liberal Democrat MPs (2005–2010)">Liberal Democrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_National_Party_MPs_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of Scottish National Party MPs (2005–2010)">Scottish Nationalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Keys" title="Reg Keys">Reg Keys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Law" title="Peter Law">Peter Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote-OK" title="Vote-OK">Vote-OK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2005 United Kingdom local elections">2005 United Kingdom local elections</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NIShape.gif/21px-NIShape.gif" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NIShape.gif/32px-NIShape.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NIShape.gif/42px-NIShape.gif 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="405" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Northern_Ireland" title="Portal:Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296597#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296597#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296597#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000078634864">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/79426950">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/17569/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp64FT4rX6vFjGwMBTCQq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119479362">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50051819">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12062254n">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12062254n">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35406216">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072783273">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/mkz295d50g5vp24">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810688235605606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277672505171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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