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href="/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D"><span>புதுப்பயனர் உதவி</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-தமிழ்_விக்கிமீடியத்_திட்டங்கள்" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-தமிழ்_விக்கிமீடியத்_திட்டங்கள்" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> தமிழ் விக்கிமீடியத் திட்டங்கள் </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-விக்சனரி" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wiktionary.org/wiki/"><span>விக்சனரி</span></a></li><li id="n-விக்கிசெய்திகள்" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikinews.org/wiki/"><span>விக்கிசெய்திகள்</span></a></li><li id="n-விக்கிமூலம்" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikisource.org/wiki/"><span>விக்கிமூலம்</span></a></li><li id="n-விக்கிநூல்கள்" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikibooks.org/wiki/"><span>விக்கிநூல்கள்</span></a></li><li id="n-விக்கிமேற்கோள்" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikiquote.org/wiki/"><span>விக்கிமேற்கோள்</span></a></li><li id="n-பொதுவகம்" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><span>பொதுவகம்</span></a></li><li id="n-விக்கித்தரவு" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/"><span>விக்கித்தரவு</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-பிற" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-பிற" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> பிற </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="திட்டம் பற்றி தெரிந்துக் கொள்ள, நீங்கள் என்ன செய்ய முடியும், தேவையானவற்றை எங்கு தேட என்பனவற்றை அறிய"><span>விக்கிப்பீடியர் வலைவாசல்</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நடப்பு நிகழ்வுகள் பற்றிய மேலதிக தகவல்களைக் காண"><span>நடப்பு நிகழ்வுகள்</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="விக்கிப்பீடியா" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ta.svg" style="width: 7.375em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ta.svg" width="111" height="9" style="width: 6.9375em; height: 0.5625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="இந்த விக்கியில் தேடவும். [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>தேடு</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="விக்கிப்பீடியா தளத்தில் தேடு" aria-label="விக்கிப்பீடியா தளத்தில் தேடு" autocapitalize="sentences" title="இந்த விக்கியில் தேடவும். [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="சிறப்பு:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">தேடு</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="சொந்தப் பயன்பாட்டுக் கருவிகள்"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ta.wikipedia.org&uselang=ta" class=""><span>நன்கொடைகள்</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81+%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="நீங்கள் ஒரு பயனர் கணக்கைத் துவங்கி உள்புக வரவேற்கப்படுகிறீர்கள்; எனினும் இது கட்டாயம் அல்ல." class=""><span>கணக்கை ஆக்கு</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81+%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="நீங்கள் புகுபதிகை செய்ய ஊக்குவிக்கப்படுகிறீர்கள், ஆனால் இது கட்டாயமன்று. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>புகுபதிகை</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="சொந்தப் பயன்பாட்டுக் கருவிகள்" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">சொந்தப் பயன்பாட்டுக் கருவிகள்</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ta.wikipedia.org&uselang=ta"><span>நன்கொடைகள்</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81+%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="நீங்கள் ஒரு பயனர் கணக்கைத் துவங்கி உள்புக வரவேற்கப்படுகிறீர்கள்; எனினும் இது கட்டாயம் அல்ல."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>கணக்கை ஆக்கு</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81+%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="நீங்கள் புகுபதிகை செய்ய ஊக்குவிக்கப்படுகிறீர்கள், ஆனால் இது கட்டாயமன்று. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>புகுபதிகை</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81:MyContributions" title="இந்த ஐபி முகவரியால் செய்யப்பட்ட தொகுப்புக்களின் பட்டியல் [y]" accesskey="y"><span>பங்களிப்புக்கள்</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81:MyTalk" title="இந்த ஐ.பி. முகவரியிலிருந்தான தொகுப்புக்களைப் பற்றிய உரையாடல் [n]" accesskey="n"><span>இந்த ஐபி க்கான பேச்சு</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eநீக்குக\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ta\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="உள்ளடக்கம்" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">உள்ளடக்கம்</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">மறை</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">தொடக்கம்</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-மேற்கோள்கள்" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#மேற்கோள்கள்"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>மேற்கோள்கள்</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-மேற்கோள்கள்-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="உள்ளடக்கம்" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="பொருளடக்கத்தை மாற்று" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">பொருளடக்கத்தை மாற்று</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">பங்கீட்டு ஆரை</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 மொழிகள்</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_covalent" title="Radio covalent - ஆர்கோனீஸ்" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Radio covalent" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ஆர்கோனீஸ்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A" title="نصف قطر تساهمي - அரபிக்" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نصف قطر تساهمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="அரபிக்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiu_covalente" title="Radiu covalente - அஸ்துரியன்" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Radiu covalente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="அஸ்துரியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ковалентен радиус - பல்கேரியன்" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ковалентен радиус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="பல்கேரியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radi_covalent" title="Radi covalent - கேட்டலான்" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Radi covalent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="கேட்டலான்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalentn%C3%AD_polom%C4%9Br" title="Kovalentní poloměr - செக்" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kovalentní poloměr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="செக்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ковалентла радиус - சுவாஷ்" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ковалентла радиус" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="சுவாஷ்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalent_radius" title="Kovalent radius - டேனிஷ்" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kovalent radius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="டேனிஷ்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalenter_Radius" title="Kovalenter Radius - ஜெர்மன்" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kovalenter Radius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ஜெர்மன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_radius" title="Covalent radius - ஆங்கிலம்" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Covalent radius" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ஆங்கிலம்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalenta_radiuso" title="Kovalenta radiuso - எஸ்பரேன்டோ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kovalenta radiuso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="எஸ்பரேன்டோ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_covalente" title="Radio covalente - ஸ்பானிஷ்" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Radio covalente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ஸ்பானிஷ்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erradio_kobalente" title="Erradio kobalente - பாஸ்க்" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erradio kobalente" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="பாஸ்க்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B9_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="شعاع کووالانسی - பெர்ஷியன்" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شعاع کووالانسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="பெர்ஷியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalenttinen_s%C3%A4de" title="Kovalenttinen säde - ஃபின்னிஷ்" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kovalenttinen säde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ஃபின்னிஷ்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayon_de_covalence" title="Rayon de covalence - பிரெஞ்சு" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rayon de covalence" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="பிரெஞ்சு" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raio_covalente" title="Raio covalente - காலிஸியன்" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Raio covalente" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="காலிஸியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99" title="רדיוס קוולנטי - ஹீப்ரூ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רדיוס קוולנטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ஹீப்ரூ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalentni_radijus" title="Kovalentni radijus - குரோஷியன்" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kovalentni radijus" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="குரோஷியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalens_sug%C3%A1r" title="Kovalens sugár - ஹங்கேரியன்" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kovalens sugár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ஹங்கேரியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF_%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B2" title="Կովալենտ շառավիղ - ஆர்மேனியன்" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կովալենտ շառավիղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ஆர்மேனியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen - இந்தோனேஷியன்" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jari-jari kovalen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="இந்தோனேஷியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggio_covalente" title="Raggio covalente - இத்தாலியன்" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raggio covalente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="இத்தாலியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%89%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="共有結合半径 - ஜப்பானியம்" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="共有結合半径" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ஜப்பானியம்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კოვალენტური რადიუსი - ஜார்ஜியன்" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოვალენტური რადიუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ஜார்ஜியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Коваленттік радиус - கசாக்" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Коваленттік радиус" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="கசாக்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%A0_%EB%B0%98%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%84" title="공유 반지름 - கொரியன்" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공유 반지름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="கொரியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalentinis_spindulys" title="Kovalentinis spindulys - லிதுவேனியன்" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kovalentinis spindulys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="லிதுவேனியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ковалентен полупречник - மாஸிடோனியன்" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ковалентен полупречник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="மாஸிடோனியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="സഹസംയോജകബന്ധനത്തിലെ ആരം - மலையாளம்" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സഹസംയോജകബന്ധനത്തിലെ ആരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="மலையாளம்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejari_kovalen" title="Jejari kovalen - மலாய்" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jejari kovalen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="மலாய்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalente_straal" title="Covalente straal - டச்சு" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Covalente straal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="டச்சு" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalent_radius" title="Kovalent radius - நார்வேஜியன் நியூநார்ஸ்க்" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kovalent radius" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="நார்வேஜியன் நியூநார்ஸ்க்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalent_radius" title="Kovalent radius - நார்வேஜியன் பொக்மால்" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kovalent radius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="நார்வேஜியன் பொக்மால்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promie%C5%84_walencyjny" title="Promień walencyjny - போலிஷ்" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Promień walencyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="போலிஷ்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raio_covalente" title="Raio covalente - போர்ச்சுகீஸ்" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Raio covalente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="போர்ச்சுகீஸ்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raz%C4%83_covalent%C4%83" title="Rază covalentă - ரோமேனியன்" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rază covalentă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ரோமேனியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ковалентный радиус - ரஷியன்" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ковалентный радиус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ரஷியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalentni_radijus" title="Kovalentni radijus - செர்போ-குரோஷியன்" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kovalentni radijus" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="செர்போ-குரோஷியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_radius" title="Covalent radius - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Covalent radius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalentni_polmer" title="Kovalentni polmer - ஸ்லோவேனியன்" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kovalentni polmer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ஸ்லோவேனியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ковалентни радијус - செர்பியன்" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ковалентни радијус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="செர்பியன்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalent_radie" title="Kovalent radie - ஸ்வீடிஷ்" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kovalent radie" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ஸ்வீடிஷ்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="รัศมีโคเวเลนต์ - தாய்" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัศมีโคเวเลนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="தாய்" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalent_yar%C4%B1%C3%A7ap%C4%B1" title="Kovalent yarıçapı - 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">கட்டற்ற கலைக்களஞ்சியமான விக்கிப்பீடியாவில் இருந்து.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ta" dir="ltr"><p><b>பங்கீட்டு ஆரை</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆங்கிலம்">ஆங்கிலம்</a>: covalent radius), <i>r</i><sub>cov</sub>,<a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="சகப் பிணைப்பு">சகப் பிணைப்பில்</a> உள்ள <a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="அணு">அணுவின்</a> ஆரையினை அளப்பதற்காகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது . இது <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="பிகோமீட்டர் (கட்டுரை எழுதப்படவில்லை)">பிகோமீட்டர்கள்</a> (பி.மீ.) அல்லது <a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆங்ஸ்டிராம்">ஆங்ஸ்டிராம்களில்</a> (Å) அளக்கப்படுகிறது, 1 Å = 100 பி.மீ. <sup id="cite_ref-Tet_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="text-align: center; border: none;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>பிகோ மீட்டரில் பங்கீட்டு ஆரைகள்.<sup id="cite_ref-CSD_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>H </td> <td colspan="17" style="background: #ffffff;">  </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>1</td> <td colspan="17" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31(5)</td> <td colspan="17"> </td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>Li</td> <td>Be</td> <td colspan="11" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>B</td> <td>C</td> <td>N</td> <td>O</td> <td>F</td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td colspan="11" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>128(7)</td> <td>96(3)</td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td>84(3)</td> <td>sp<sup>3</sup> 76(1)<p>sp<sup>2</sup> 73(2)</p><p>sp  69(1)</p></td> <td>71(1)</td> <td>66(2)</td> <td>57(3)</td> <td>58 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>Na</td> <td>Mg</td> <td colspan="11" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>Al</td> <td>Si</td> <td>P</td> <td>S</td> <td>Cl</td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td colspan="11" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>13</td> <td>14</td> <td>15</td> <td>16</td> <td>17</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>166(9)</td> <td>141(7)</td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td>121(4)</td> <td>111(2)</td> <td>107(3)</td> <td>105(3)</td> <td>102(4)</td> <td>106(10) </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>K</td> <td>Ca</td> <td colspan="2">Sc</td> <td>Ti</td> <td>V</td> <td>Cr</td> <td>Mn</td> <td>Fe</td> <td>Co</td> <td>Ni</td> <td>Cu</td> <td>Zn</td> <td>Ga</td> <td>Ge</td> <td>As</td> <td>Se</td> <td>Br</td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>19</td> <td>20</td> <td colspan="2">21</td> <td>22</td> <td>23</td> <td>24</td> <td>25</td> <td>26</td> <td>27</td> <td>28</td> <td>29</td> <td>30</td> <td>31</td> <td>32</td> <td>33</td> <td>34</td> <td>35</td> <td>36 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>203(12)</td> <td>176(10)</td> <td colspan="2">170(7)</td> <td>160(8)</td> <td>153(8)</td> <td>139(5)</td> <td>l.s. 139(5)<p>h.s. 161(8)</p></td> <td>l.s. 132(3)<p>h.s. 152(6)</p></td> <td>l.s. 126(3)<p>h.s. 150(7)</p></td> <td>124(4)</td> <td>132(4)</td> <td>122(4)</td> <td>122(3)</td> <td>120(4)</td> <td>119(4)</td> <td>120(4)</td> <td>120(3)</td> <td>116(4) </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>Rb</td> <td>Sr</td> <td colspan="2">Y</td> <td>Zr</td> <td>Nb</td> <td>Mo</td> <td>Tc</td> <td>Ru</td> <td>Rh</td> <td>Pd</td> <td>Ag</td> <td>Cd</td> <td>In</td> <td>Sn</td> <td>Sb</td> <td>Te</td> <td>I</td> <td>Xe </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>37</td> <td>38</td> <td colspan="2">39</td> <td>40</td> <td>41</td> <td>42</td> <td>43</td> <td>44</td> <td>45</td> <td>46</td> <td>47</td> <td>48</td> <td>49</td> <td>50</td> <td>51</td> <td>52</td> <td>53</td> <td>54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>220(9)</td> <td>195(10)</td> <td colspan="2">190(7)</td> <td>175(7)</td> <td>164(6)</td> <td>154(5)</td> <td>147(7)</td> <td>146(7)</td> <td>142(7)</td> <td>139(6)</td> <td>145(5)</td> <td>144(9)</td> <td>142(5)</td> <td>139(4)</td> <td>139(5)</td> <td>138(4)</td> <td>139(3)</td> <td>140(9) </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>Cs</td> <td>Ba</td> <td style="background: #ffffff;">La</td> <td>Lu</td> <td>Hf</td> <td>Ta</td> <td>W</td> <td>Re</td> <td>Os</td> <td>Ir</td> <td>Pt</td> <td>Au</td> <td>Hg</td> <td>Tl</td> <td>Pb</td> <td>Bi</td> <td>Po</td> <td>At</td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>55</td> <td>56</td> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>71</td> <td>72</td> <td>73</td> <td>74</td> <td>75</td> <td>76</td> <td>77</td> <td>78</td> <td>79</td> <td>80</td> <td>81</td> <td>82</td> <td>83</td> <td>84</td> <td>85</td> <td>86 </td></tr> <tr> <td>244(11)</td> <td>215(11)</td> <td> </td> <td>187(8)</td> <td>175(10)</td> <td>170(8)</td> <td>162(7)</td> <td>151(7)</td> <td>144(4)</td> <td>141(6)</td> <td>136(5)</td> <td>136(6)</td> <td>132(5)</td> <td>145(7)</td> <td>146(5)</td> <td>148(4)</td> <td>140(4)</td> <td>150</td> <td>150 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>Fr</td> <td>Ra</td> <td style="background: #ffffff;">Ac </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>87</td> <td>88</td> <td style="background: #ffffff;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td>260</td> <td>221(2)</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>La</td> <td>Ce</td> <td>Pr</td> <td>Nd</td> <td>Pm</td> <td>Sm</td> <td>Eu</td> <td>Gd</td> <td>Tb</td> <td>Dy</td> <td>Ho</td> <td>Er</td> <td>Tm</td> <td>Yb </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>57</td> <td>58</td> <td>59</td> <td>60</td> <td>61</td> <td>62</td> <td>63</td> <td>64</td> <td>65</td> <td>66</td> <td>67</td> <td>68</td> <td>69</td> <td>70 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>207(8)</td> <td>204(9)</td> <td>203(7)</td> <td>201(6)</td> <td>199</td> <td>198(8)</td> <td>198(6)</td> <td>196(6)</td> <td>194(5)</td> <td>192(7)</td> <td>192(7)</td> <td>189(6)</td> <td>190(10)</td> <td>187(8) </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>Ac</td> <td>Th</td> <td>Pa</td> <td>U</td> <td>Np</td> <td>Pu</td> <td>Am</td> <td>Cm </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>89</td> <td>90</td> <td>91</td> <td>92</td> <td>93</td> <td>94</td> <td>95</td> <td>96 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>215</td> <td>206(6)</td> <td>200</td> <td>196(7)</td> <td>190(1)</td> <td>187(1)</td> <td>180(6)</td> <td>169(3) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0 auto" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>பல்வேறு பங்கீட்டு ஆரைகள். </caption> <tbody><tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>H </td> <td colspan="17" style="background: #ffffff;">  </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>1</td> <td colspan="17" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32<br />-<br />-</td> <td colspan="17"> </td> <td>46<br />-<br />- </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>Li</td> <td>Be</td> <td colspan="11" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>B</td> <td>C</td> <td>N</td> <td>O</td> <td>F</td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td colspan="11" style="background: #ffffff;">                      Radius / pm:</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>133<br />124<br />-</td> <td>102<br />90<br />85</td> <td colspan="11">                      single<br />                       double<br />                       triple</td> <td>85<br />78<br />73</td> <td>75<br />67<br />60</td> <td>71<br />60<br />54</td> <td>63<br />57<br />53</td> <td>64<br />59<br />53</td> <td>67<br />96<br />- </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>Na</td> <td>Mg</td> <td colspan="11" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>Al</td> <td>Si</td> <td>P</td> <td>S</td> <td>Cl</td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td colspan="11" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>13</td> <td>14</td> <td>15</td> <td>16</td> <td>17</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>155<br />160<br />-</td> <td>139<br />132<br />127</td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td>126<br />113<br />111</td> <td>116<br />107<br />102</td> <td>111<br />102<br />94</td> <td>103<br />94<br />95</td> <td>99<br />95<br />93</td> <td>96<br />107<br />96 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>K</td> <td>Ca</td> <td colspan="2">Sc</td> <td>Ti</td> <td>V</td> <td>Cr</td> <td>Mn</td> <td>Fe</td> <td>Co</td> <td>Ni</td> <td>Cu</td> <td>Zn</td> <td>Ga</td> <td>Ge</td> <td>As</td> <td>Se</td> <td>Br</td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>19</td> <td>20</td> <td colspan="2">21</td> <td>22</td> <td>23</td> <td>24</td> <td>25</td> <td>26</td> <td>27</td> <td>28</td> <td>29</td> <td>30</td> <td>31</td> <td>32</td> <td>33</td> <td>34</td> <td>35</td> <td>36 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>196<br />193<br />-</td> <td>171<br />147<br />133</td> <td colspan="2">148<br />116<br />114 </td> <td>136<br />117<br />108</td> <td>134<br />112<br />106</td> <td>122<br />111<br />103</td> <td>119<br />105<br />103</td> <td>116<br />109<br />102</td> <td>111<br />103<br />96</td> <td>110<br />101<br />101</td> <td>112<br />115<br />120</td> <td>118<br />120<br />- </td> <td>124<br />117<br />121</td> <td>121<br />111<br />114</td> <td>121<br />114<br />106</td> <td>116<br />107<br />107</td> <td>114<br />109<br />110</td> <td>117<br />121<br />108 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>Rb</td> <td>Sr</td> <td colspan="2">Y</td> <td>Zr</td> <td>Nb</td> <td>Mo</td> <td>Tc</td> <td>Ru</td> <td>Rh</td> <td>Pd</td> <td>Ag</td> <td>Cd</td> <td>In</td> <td>Sn</td> <td>Sb</td> <td>Te</td> <td>I</td> <td>Xe </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>37</td> <td>38</td> <td colspan="2">39</td> <td>40</td> <td>41</td> <td>42</td> <td>43</td> <td>44</td> <td>45</td> <td>46</td> <td>47</td> <td>48</td> <td>49</td> <td>50</td> <td>51</td> <td>52</td> <td>53</td> <td>54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>210<br />202<br />-</td> <td>185<br />157<br />139</td> <td colspan="2">163<br />130<br />124 </td> <td>154<br />127<br />121</td> <td>147<br />125<br />116</td> <td>138<br />121<br />113</td> <td>128<br />120<br />110</td> <td>125<br />114<br />103</td> <td>125<br />110<br />106</td> <td>120<br />117<br />112</td> <td>128<br />139<br />137</td> <td>136<br />144<br />- </td> <td>142<br />136<br />146</td> <td>140<br />130<br />132</td> <td>140<br />133<br />127</td> <td>136<br />128<br />121</td> <td>133<br />129<br />125</td> <td>131<br />135<br />122 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>Cs</td> <td>Ba</td> <td style="background: #ffffff;">La-Yb</td> <td>Lu</td> <td>Hf</td> <td>Ta</td> <td>W</td> <td>Re</td> <td>Os</td> <td>Ir</td> <td>Pt</td> <td>Au</td> <td>Hg</td> <td>Tl</td> <td>Pb</td> <td>Bi</td> <td>Po</td> <td>At</td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>55</td> <td>56</td> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>71</td> <td>72</td> <td>73</td> <td>74</td> <td>75</td> <td>76</td> <td>77</td> <td>78</td> <td>79</td> <td>80</td> <td>81</td> <td>82</td> <td>83</td> <td>84</td> <td>85</td> <td>86 </td></tr> <tr> <td>232<br />209<br />-</td> <td>196<br />161<br />149</td> <td>  </td> <td>162<br />131<br />131</td> <td>152<br />128<br />122</td> <td>146<br />126<br />119</td> <td>137<br />120<br />115</td> <td>131<br />119<br />110</td> <td>129<br />116<br />109</td> <td>122<br />115<br />107</td> <td>123<br />112<br />110</td> <td>124<br />121<br />123</td> <td>133<br />142<br />- </td> <td>144<br />142<br />150</td> <td>144<br />135<br />137</td> <td>151<br />141<br />135</td> <td>145<br />135<br />129</td> <td>147<br />138<br />138</td> <td>142<br />145<br />133 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td>Fr</td> <td>Ra</td> <td style="background: #ffffff;">Ac-No </td> <td>Lr</td> <td>Rf</td> <td>Db</td> <td>Sg</td> <td>Bh</td> <td>Hs</td> <td>Mt</td> <td>Ds</td> <td>Rg</td> <td>Cn</td> <td>Uut</td> <td>Fl</td> <td>Uup</td> <td>Lv</td> <td>Uus</td> <td>Uuo </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td>87</td> <td>88</td> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>103</td> <td>104</td> <td>105</td> <td>106</td> <td>107</td> <td>108</td> <td>109</td> <td>110</td> <td>111</td> <td>112</td> <td>113</td> <td>114</td> <td>115</td> <td>116</td> <td>117</td> <td>118 </td></tr> <tr> <td>223<br />218<br />-</td> <td>201<br />173<br />159</td> <td>  </td> <td>161<br />141<br />-</td> <td>157<br />140<br />131</td> <td>149<br />136<br />126</td> <td>143<br />128<br />121</td> <td>141<br />128<br />119</td> <td>134<br />125<br />118</td> <td>129<br />125<br />113</td> <td>128<br />116<br />112</td> <td>121<br />116<br />118</td> <td>122<br />137<br />130</td> <td>136<br />-<br />-</td> <td>143<br />-<br />-</td> <td>162<br />-<br />-</td> <td>175<br />-<br />-</td> <td>165<br />-<br />-</td> <td>157<br />-<br />- </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>La</td> <td>Ce</td> <td>Pr</td> <td>Nd</td> <td>Pm</td> <td>Sm</td> <td>Eu</td> <td>Gd</td> <td>Tb</td> <td>Dy</td> <td>Ho</td> <td>Er</td> <td>Tm</td> <td>Yb </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>57</td> <td>58</td> <td>59</td> <td>60</td> <td>61</td> <td>62</td> <td>63</td> <td>64</td> <td>65</td> <td>66</td> <td>67</td> <td>68</td> <td>69</td> <td>70 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>180<br />139<br />139</td> <td>163<br />137<br />131</td> <td>176<br />138<br />128</td> <td>174<br />137</td> <td>173<br />135</td> <td>172<br />134</td> <td>168<br />134</td> <td>169<br />135<br />132</td> <td>168<br />135</td> <td>167<br />133</td> <td>166<br />133</td> <td>165<br />133</td> <td>164<br />131</td> <td>170<br />129 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #7DF9FF;"> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>Ac</td> <td>Th</td> <td>Pa</td> <td>U</td> <td>Np</td> <td>Pu</td> <td>Am</td> <td>Cm</td> <td>Bk</td> <td>Cf</td> <td>Es</td> <td>Fm</td> <td>Md</td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr style="background: #efefef;"> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>89</td> <td>90</td> <td>91</td> <td>92</td> <td>93</td> <td>94</td> <td>95</td> <td>96</td> <td>97</td> <td>98</td> <td>99</td> <td>100</td> <td>101</td> <td>102 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ffffff;"> </td> <td>186<br />153<br />140</td> <td>175<br />143<br />136</td> <td>169<br />138<br />129</td> <td>170<br />134<br />118</td> <td>171<br />136<br />116</td> <td>172<br />135</td> <td>166<br />135</td> <td>166<br />136</td> <td>168<br />139</td> <td>168<br />140</td> <td>165<br />140</td> <td>167</td> <td>173<br />139</td> <td>176 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="மேற்கோள்கள்"><span id=".E0.AE.AE.E0.AF.87.E0.AE.B1.E0.AF.8D.E0.AE.95.E0.AF.8B.E0.AE.B3.E0.AF.8D.E0.AE.95.E0.AE.B3.E0.AF.8D"></span>மேற்கோள்கள்</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88&action=edit&section=1" title="மேற்கோள்கள் பகுதியைத் தொகு"><span>தொகு</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tet-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tet_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">P. Pyykkö, (2012). "Refitted tetrahedral covalent radii for solids". <i>Physical Review B</i> <b>85</b> (2): 024115, 7 p. <a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="எண்ணிம ஆவணச் சுட்டி">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.85.024115">10.1103/PhysRevB.85.024115</a>. Bibcode: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhRvB..85b4115P">2012PhRvB..85b4115P</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Refitted+tetrahedral+covalent+radii+for+solids&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+B&rft.aulast=P.+Pyykk%C3%B6%2C&rft.au=P.+Pyykk%C3%B6%2C&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=024115%2C+7+p&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.85.024115&rft_id=info:bibcode/2012PhRvB..85b4115P&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSD-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CSD_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Beatriz Cordero, Verónica Gómez, Ana E. Platero-Prats, Marc Revés, Jorge Echeverría, Eduard Cremades, Flavia Barragán and Santiago Alvarez (2008). "Covalent radii revisited". <i>Dalton Trans.</i> (21): 2832–2838. <a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="எண்ணிம ஆவணச் சுட்டி">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039%2Fb801115j">10.1039/b801115j</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Covalent+radii+revisited&rft.jtitle=Dalton+Trans.&rft.aulast=Beatriz+Cordero%2C+Ver%C3%B3nica+G%C3%B3mez%2C+Ana+E.+Platero-Prats%2C+Marc+Rev%C3%A9s%2C+Jorge+Echeverr%C3%ADa%2C+Eduard+Cremades%2C+Flavia+Barrag%C3%A1n+and+Santiago+Alvarez&rft.au=Beatriz+Cordero%2C+Ver%C3%B3nica+G%C3%B3mez%2C+Ana+E.+Platero-Prats%2C+Marc+Rev%C3%A9s%2C+Jorge+Echeverr%C3%ADa%2C+Eduard+Cremades%2C+Flavia+Barrag%C3%A1n+and+Santiago+Alvarez&rft.date=2008&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=2832%E2%80%932838&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb801115j&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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