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class="hd_s1"> <a href="https://sina.cn?vt=4" title="手机新浪网" class="hd_ic_lg icon_logo_m fl"></a> <h2 class="hd_tit_l"> <a class="hd_tit_a" href="https://cul.sina.cn/?vt=4" title="新浪历史">新浪历史</a> <small class="icon_enter hd_tit_ic"></small> <a class="hd_tit_a" href="https://cul.sina.cn/zx/?vt=4" title="资讯">资讯</a> </h2> <a href="https://sina.cn/Index/nav?vt=4" title="网站导航" class="hd_ic icon_navigation fr"></a> <a href="https://my.sina.cn/?vt=4" title="" id="loginBox" class="hd_ic hd_ic_m icon_user fr"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="h_user_pic"> </a> </header>  <div sax-type="sax_5" class="ghi241204" data-id="PDPS000000056105"></div> <section class="s_card z_c1">  <article class="art_box">  <h1 class="art_tit_h1">七月流火指酷暑难耐？让人望文生义的成语还有哪些</h1>  <section> <div class="weibo_info look_info"> <div class="media_focus" data-muid="" data-weibouid="1784473157"> <em class="weibo_img"> <img class="img_width" src="//n.sinaimg.cn/default/622af858/20181010/default_avatar.jpg" /></em> <figcaption class="weibo_detail no_audio"> <figure> <h2 class="weibo_user">中国新闻网</h2> <time class="weibo_time"> <span class="weibo_time_left"></span> <span class="weibo_time_day">2017.07.13</span>01:00 </time> </figure> </figcaption> </div> <a class="look_sub j_article_wbreco" data-muid="" href="javascript:void(0)"><span class="icon_add look_sub_ic"></span>关注</a> </div> </section>  <img class="sharePic hide" src="//k.sinaimg.cn/n/translate/20170713/o_2q-fyhwret3717426.jpg/w300h300z1l10t10q100986.jpg"/> <section class="art_pic_card art_content"> <p class="art_p">原标题：七月流火指酷暑难耐？让人望文生义的成语还有哪些</p> <p class="art_p">中新网北京7月13日电（记者宋宇晟）近日，“七月流火，九月授衣”这句出自《诗经》的诗文又因一些文章的错用而受到关注。在不少文章中，“七月流火”被用来形容七月天气酷热难耐。但事实上，这四个字的本意并非如此。</p> <a href="JavaScript:void(0)"> <figure class="art_img_mini j_p_gallery" data-type="simple"> <img class="art_img_mini_img j_fullppt_cover" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAADAQMAAACOOjyFAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAApJREFUCNdjAAMAAAYAAegKKqQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//k.sinaimg.cn/n/translate/20170713/o_2q-fyhwret3717426.jpg/w700d1q75cms.jpg?by=cms_fixed_width" alt="　　资料图：7月11日，成都气温突破35℃。当日，成都市气象台对10日发布的今年首个高温橙色预警信号进行了第一次确认。图为一老人在停车场为小女孩扇风拭汗。张浪摄" /> <img class="j_fullppt" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAADAQMAAACOOjyFAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAApJREFUCNdjAAMAAAYAAegKKqQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//k.sinaimg.cn/n/translate/20170713/o_2q-fyhwret3717426.jpg/w700d1q75cms.jpg?by=cms_fixed_width" alt="　　资料图：7月11日，成都气温突破35℃。当日，成都市气象台对10日发布的今年首个高温橙色预警信号进行了第一次确认。图为一老人在停车场为小女孩扇风拭汗。张浪摄" disabeld-show="true" style="display:none"> <h2 class="art_img_tit">　　资料图：7月11日，成都气温突破35℃。当日，成都市气象台对10日发布的今年首个高温橙色预警信号进行了第一次确认。图为一老人在停车场为小女孩扇风拭汗。张浪摄</h2> </figure> </a> <p class="art_p">“七月流火”出自《豳风·七月》，这首《诗经》中最长的诗共八章、三百余字。全诗被认为描写了周代早期的农业生产情况和农民的日常生活情况，其中言及耕织、打猎、采集等，逐月展开叙述。</p> <p class="art_p">前段时间，武亦姝在央视《中国诗词大会》第二季“月”字“飞花令”中，脱口而出的“七月在野，八月在宇，九月在户，十月蟋蟀，入我床下”，即是出自该诗。</p> <p class="art_p">在《七月》中，首句便是“七月流火，九月授衣”。一般认为，这里的“七月”指夏历七月，与今天农历七月的时间相当，若以我们今天所用的公历推算，则大致为八月。</p> <a href="JavaScript:void(0)"> <figure class="art_img_mini j_p_gallery" data-type="simple"> <img class="art_img_mini_img j_fullppt_cover" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAADAQMAAACOOjyFAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAApJREFUCNdjAAMAAAYAAegKKqQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//k.sinaimg.cn/n/translate/20170713/Jo5x-fyhwret3717432.jpg/w700d1q75cms.jpg?by=cms_fixed_width" alt="资料图：敦煌丝绸之路文化遗产博览城一带的璀璨星空。王斌银摄" /> <img class="j_fullppt" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAADAQMAAACOOjyFAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAApJREFUCNdjAAMAAAYAAegKKqQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//k.sinaimg.cn/n/translate/20170713/Jo5x-fyhwret3717432.jpg/w700d1q75cms.jpg?by=cms_fixed_width" alt="资料图：敦煌丝绸之路文化遗产博览城一带的璀璨星空。王斌银摄" disabeld-show="true" style="display:none"> <h2 class="art_img_tit">资料图：敦煌丝绸之路文化遗产博览城一带的璀璨星空。王斌银摄</h2> </figure> </a> <p class="art_p">事实上，中国古代的历法曾几次因朝代更迭而有所变化。例如秦统一六国后，就“以十月为岁首”。而在这以前已有夏历、周历等历法，刘邦统一天下建立汉朝后曾沿袭秦历，到汉武帝时制太初历，此后还有隋代的皇极历、唐大衍历等都影响较大。</p> <p class="art_p">这首《七月》记述周代农民的生活情况，而周历以夏历的十一月为正月，诗中涉及月份时间的表述自然会受到影响。一方面官方实行周历，另一方面民间在社会生活中，特别是农业生产中仍基本沿用夏历。</p> <p class="art_p">因此，我们可以在《七月》这一首诗中看到古人对这两种历法的不同表述，而该诗也被学者看作是对当时历法的体现。</p> <div sax-type="proxy" class="j_native_ghi241204 box" data-inserttype="0" style="margin:20px 0" data-id="201711dingdingeb"></div><p class="art_p">“七月流火，九月授衣。一之日觱发，二之日栗烈。无衣无褐，何以卒岁？”这里面的“七月”、“九月”皆与夏历相同，而“一之日”、“二之日”则是指周历的一月、二月，即夏历的十一月、十二月。清代皮锡瑞在《经学通论》就曾指出，“此诗言月者皆夏正（指夏历），言一、二、三、四之日皆周正（指周历），改其名不改其实”。</p> <a href="JavaScript:void(0)"> <figure class="art_img_mini j_p_gallery" data-type="simple"> <img class="art_img_mini_img j_fullppt_cover" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAADAQMAAACOOjyFAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAApJREFUCNdjAAMAAAYAAegKKqQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//k.sinaimg.cn/n/translate/20170713/-uu1-fyhwret3717455.jpg/w700d1q75cms.jpg?by=cms_fixed_width" alt="资料图：敦煌丝绸之路文化遗产博览城一带的璀璨星空。王斌银摄" /> <img class="j_fullppt" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAADAQMAAACOOjyFAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAApJREFUCNdjAAMAAAYAAegKKqQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//k.sinaimg.cn/n/translate/20170713/-uu1-fyhwret3717455.jpg/w700d1q75cms.jpg?by=cms_fixed_width" alt="资料图：敦煌丝绸之路文化遗产博览城一带的璀璨星空。王斌银摄" disabeld-show="true" style="display:none"> <h2 class="art_img_tit">资料图：敦煌丝绸之路文化遗产博览城一带的璀璨星空。王斌银摄</h2> </figure> </a> <p class="art_p">而诗句中“七月流火”的“流”指移动、落下；“火”则是星名，指大火星，即心宿二。每年夏历五月间黄昏时，心宿在中天，六月以后，渐渐偏西。这时暑热开始减退，故称“流火”，即是指“大火星”逐渐向西方运行、下坠的。此时正值农历七月，天气也开始渐渐转凉。因此，“七月流火”并非形容天气炎热，而是指天气渐渐转凉。</p> <p class="art_p">事实上，与天文历法有关的词语并不少见，其中不少也会像“七月流火”一样因望文生义而引起误用。</p> <p class="art_p">例如，出自《汉书·律历志上》的成语“日月合璧”指在朔（农历初一）发生日食，在望（农历十五）发生月食，即指地球进入太阳与月球之间或月球进入地球与太阳之间所发生的现象。并非“日月同辉”之意。</p> <p class="art_p">而“明日黄花”中的“明日”指重阳节后，“黄花”则指菊花，意为过时或无意义的事物，并非“明天的黄花”。</p> <p class="art_p">出自《诗经·陈风·宛丘》的成语“无冬无夏”也并非指没有冬天、夏天，本意应为“无论冬天还是夏天”，指一年四季从不间断。</p> <p class="art_p">成语“三星在天”出自《诗经·唐风·绸缪》，当然也不会只是说有三颗星星在天上。毛苌传云，“三星”即指二十八宿之参宿；“在天”则是说始见东方，男女待礼而成。“三星在天，可以嫁娶矣。”因此今天如果说“三星在天”就是指新婚。</p> <p class="art_p">出自《诗经·小雅·大东》的成语“南箕北斗”也是类似的成语。其中的“箕”是星宿名，形状象簸箕；“斗”也是星宿名，形状象酒斗。《诗经》中原句为“维南有箕，不可以簸扬；维北有斗，不可以挹酒浆”。因此“南箕北斗”今天比喻徒有虚名而无实用。（完）</p> <div id='wx_pic' style='margin:0 auto;display:none;'> <img src='//n.sinaimg.cn/default/2fb77759/20151125/320X320.png' /> </div> </section> <script type="text/javascript">window.STO=window.STO||{};window.STO.fw=new Date().getTime();</script> </article>  </section> </section> <div class='plugins_banner_withgk_docplugin' 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七月流火指酷暑难耐？ 让人望文生义的成语还有哪些_手机新浪网

七月流火指酷暑难耐？让人望文生义的成语还有哪些_手机新浪网