马余强院士团队揭示脉动细胞组织中的隐藏拓扑缺陷和反常密度涨落-南京大学

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-cn"> <head> <base target="_blank">  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="address=no"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=0"> <title>马余强院士团队揭示脉动细胞组织中的隐藏拓扑缺陷和反常密度涨落-南京大学</title><meta name="pageType" content="3"> <meta name="pageTitle" content="马余强院士团队揭示脉动细胞组织中的隐藏拓扑缺陷和反常密度涨落"> <META Name="keywords" Content="南京大学,科技动态,拓扑,脉动,隐藏,细胞,中的,组织,缺陷,揭示,团队,反常,密度,院士,涨落,马余强" /> <META Name="description" Content="近期，南京大学物理学院、固体微结构物理全国重点实验室、人工微结构科学与技术协同创新中心、复杂系统理论物理中心马余强院士团队在细胞组织活性物质方面取得重要进展。该研究发现细胞的随机脉动可以使细胞组织液化形成超均匀流体态，而细胞间的脉动同步则会抑制这一效应，导致相反的细胞组织固化。这种反向的“液-固”转变被发现和脉动相位空间的隐藏拓扑缺陷有关，并且以强烈的密度涨落和动力学异质性为特征，暗示存在一种新型的Berezinskii–..." /> <meta name="description" content="" /> <meta name="author" content="Miso" /> <meta 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language="javascript" src="../../_dwr/interface/NewsvoteDWR.js"></script><script language="javascript" src="../../_dwr/engine.js"></script><script language="javascript" src="/system/resource/js/news/newscontent.js"></script><LINK href="/system/resource/js/photoswipe/3.0.5.1/photoswipe.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"><script language="javascript" src="/system/resource/js/photoswipe/3.0.5.1/pw.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" Content-type="text/css" href="/system/resource/style/component/news/content/format4.css"><script language="javascript" src="/system/resource/js/ajax.js"></script><form name="_newscontent_fromname"> <h2>马余强院士团队揭示脉动细胞组织中的隐藏拓扑缺陷和反常密度涨落</h2> <div class="cont-tit"> <div class="cont-titl"> <span class="ardate"><img src="../../images/date.png" alt=""> 发布时间：2025-03-10</span> <span class="arhots"><img src="../../images/click.png" alt="">点击次数：<script>_showDynClicks("wbnews", 1889051832, 404561)</script></span> <span class="arauthor">作者：物理学院</span> <span class="arsource">来源：科学技术研究院</span> </div> </div>  <div class="article"> <div id="vsb_content_4"><div class="v_news_content"> <p class="vsbcontent_start">近期，南京大学物理学院、固体微结构物理全国重点实验室、人工微结构科学与技术协同创新中心、复杂系统理论物理中心马余强院士团队在细胞组织活性物质方面取得重要进展。该研究发现细胞的随机脉动可以使细胞组织液化形成超均匀流体态，而细胞间的脉动同步则会抑制这一效应，导致相反的细胞组织固化。这种反向的“液-固”转变被发现和脉动相位空间的隐藏拓扑缺陷有关，并且以强烈的密度涨落和动力学异质性为特征，暗示存在一种新型的Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless（BKT）相变。该工作还提出了一套涨落流体力学场理论，阐明了脉动细胞组织反常密度涨落现象背后的统计物理原理。该研究揭示了隐藏拓扑缺陷在脉动细胞组织结构和动力学中的关键作用，成功解释了最近在犬肾（MDCK）细胞单层中发现的实验现象。</p><p>上皮组织中细胞的集体运动与胚胎发育、伤口愈合等生命功能息息相关。这些过程往往伴随着细胞组织的液化。一般认为细胞爬行引发的细胞迁移是细胞组织液化的主要驱动力。然而，细胞除了平动（迁移）活性外同时具有非平动活性，比如细胞体积或形状的周期性改变，即细胞脉动。实验证据表明，细胞脉动广泛存在于上皮组织的形态发生和模式形成等过程中，并且脉动过程中还会出现同步现象，比如果蝇胚胎背侧闭合过程中顶端细胞和犬肾（MDCK）细胞单层的脉动。因此对脉动细胞组织结构和动力学的探索有助于揭示胚胎发育和组织形成过程中的力学机制。另一方面，细胞组织中还存在两种截然相反的密度涨落现象，例如鸟类视锥细胞的超均匀态与MDCK细胞单层中的巨涨落态。理解细胞脉动对这些奇特空间分布模式形成的影响具有重要的生物学意义。</p><p><strong>细胞随机脉动诱导细胞组织液化</strong></p><p>在该工作中，作者构建了一个脉动细胞组织的极简模型（图1A）。在该模型中，细胞组织被描述成多边形（Voronoi）密铺结构。细胞的可变形程度由形状因子<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Ρ</span><sub style="font-family: "times new roman"; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15.5556px; text-align: center; text-indent: 31.1112px;">0</span></sub><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 31.1112px;">描述。细胞的运动则由细胞面积和周长对应的弹性能决定。每个细胞的面积在一个周期</span><em><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Τ<sub><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 15.5556px; text-align: center; text-indent: 31.1112px; text-wrap: wrap;">0</span></sub></span></em><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">内作幅度为</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">α</span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">的振荡，而振荡形式（随机或同步）由脉动相位动力学控制。在该模型中，虽然单个细胞没有迁移能力，但细胞脉动导致的细胞间挤压和邻居交换可以引发细胞组织液化（图1B-C），表现为细胞均方位移</span><em><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">ΜSD</span></em><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">和扩散系数<em><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; font-family: "times new roman";">D</span></em><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; font-family: "times new roman";"><sub>c</sub></span></span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">的转变（图1D-E）。</span></p><p class="vsbcontent_img"><img width="360" height="400" src="/__local/7/A6/8F/E07922F6F7AF299D6BB93E6BCC2_CE49C0C2_2B7CA.png" vsbhref="vurl" vurl="/_vsl/7A68FE07922F6F7AF299D6BB93E6BCC2/CE49C0C2/2B7CA" vheight="400" vwidth="360" orisrc="/__local/7/A6/8F/E07922F6F7AF299D6BB93E6BCC2_CE49C0C2_2B7CA.png" class="img_vsb_content"></p><p>图 1：（A）脉动细胞组织模型。（B）（C）固态和液态的模拟快照，蓝色箭头表示细胞经历一个脉动周期的位移。（D）均方位移<em style="text-indent: 37.3333px; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="line-height: 33.6px; font-family: "times new roman";">ΜSD</span></em><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">与脉动幅度<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.6667px; text-indent: 37.3333px; text-wrap: wrap;">α</span>的关系（脉动幅度从下到上增加）。（E）扩散系数<em style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="line-height: 33.6px; text-indent: 0px; font-family: "times new roman";">D</span></em><span style="line-height: 33.6px; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 18.6667px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: "times new roman";"><sub>c</sub></span>随形状因子<span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; font-family: "times new roman";">p<sub><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 15.5556px; text-align: center; text-indent: 31.1112px; text-wrap: wrap;">0</span></sub></span></span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">和脉动幅度<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.6667px; text-indent: 37.3333px; text-wrap: wrap;">α</span></span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">变化的相图。</span></p><p><strong>细胞的同步脉动及其相位空间中的隐藏拓扑缺陷</strong></p><p>在真实细胞组织中，细胞往往不是独立随机脉动的。随着细胞间脉动耦合强度</p><p class="vsbcontent_img"><img width="6" height="21" src="/__local/2/D7/AD/304E6C8B2B7F11ECF14D4C22FAD_C9AE1A16_11A.png" vsbhref="vurl" vurl="/_vsl/2D7AD304E6C8B2B7F11ECF14D4C22FAD/C9AE1A16/11A" vheight="21" vwidth="6" orisrc="/__local/2/D7/AD/304E6C8B2B7F11ECF14D4C22FAD_C9AE1A16_11A.png" class="img_vsb_content">的增加，细胞组织从随机脉动状态转变为同步脉动状态。细胞脉动的同步使得脉动过程中细胞间相互作用力更加平衡，从而抑制细胞组织流动，导致了细胞组织的反向固化。有趣的是，这种同步脉动诱导的固化是由细胞脉动相位空间的隐藏拓扑缺陷主导的，暗示存在一种新型的Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless（BKT）相变（图2A）。隐藏拓扑缺陷会在原本均匀的细胞组织中诱发周期性切换的收缩液态和扩张固态区域，导致在同步转变点处出现很强的结构和动力学异质性（图2B-F）。</p><p class="vsbcontent_img"><img width="554" height="310" src="/__local/3/7C/5C/7A7355C2FD3EC645B148401A63F_349CF389_2448A.png" vsbhref="vurl" vurl="/_vsl/37C5C7A7355C2FD3EC645B148401A63F/349CF389/2448A" vheight="310" vwidth="554" orisrc="/__local/D/25/37/B2EF3B46C97B3958F816E45842E_117E35FB_7DBA2.png" class="img_vsb_content"></p><p style="text-align: center;">图 2：（A）同步转变点处的脉动相位场，颜色代表相位。空心圆和实心圆分别代表+1<span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">和-1</span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">拓扑缺陷。（B）同步转变点处的细胞面积分布，颜色代表面积大小。（C）同步转变点处的速度场。（D-F）一对拓扑缺陷附近的脉动相位场（D），细胞面积分布（E）和速度场（F）。</span></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>脉动细胞组织的超均匀态与巨涨落态</strong></p><p>为了进一步揭示细胞脉动对细胞组织结构的影响，该研究使用静态结构因子<em><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">S(q)</span></em><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">描述脉动细胞组织的密度涨落。结果表明，细胞的随机脉动可以抑制大尺度的密度涨落，导致细胞组织形成具有<em style="text-indent: 37.3333px; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="line-height: 33.6px; font-family: "times new roman";">q<sup>2</sup></span></em></span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">标度的超均匀流体态（图3A，B）。当细胞脉动开始同步时，细胞组织在大尺度上仍然保持着<em style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 37.3333px;"><span style="line-height: 33.6px; font-family: "times new roman";">q<sup>2</sup></span></em></span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">标度的超均匀结构，但在中间尺度上却会出现特征尺寸的团簇（图3C）。中间尺度峰的高度，即密度不均匀性的大小，在同步转变点处达到最大。这种细胞密度不均匀性随着脉动周期增加而增加，最终发展成具有<em style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; text-indent: 37.3333px;"><span style="line-height: 33.6px; font-family: "times new roman";">q<sup>-</sup><sup>2</sup></span></em></span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">标度的巨涨落态（图3D）。上述超均匀与巨涨落现象可以用一个统一的涨落流体力学理论进行描述（图3的虚线）。</span></p><p class="vsbcontent_img"><img width="470" height="334" src="/__local/A/58/8D/648BA8F994A92481BFB1E006665_BB79A129_BA9E.png" vsbhref="vurl" vurl="/_vsl/A588D648BA8F994A92481BFB1E006665/BB79A129/BA9E" vheight="334" vwidth="470" orisrc="/__local/4/AE/7C/4829902B2852B11F0F82B9AEE39_78682CE9_24F6C.png" class="img_vsb_content"></p><p style="text-align: center;">图 3：（A）（B）随机脉动情况下，静态结构因子与脉动周期<em style="text-indent: 37.3333px; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="line-height: 33.6px; font-family: "times new roman";">Τ<sub><span style="line-height: 28.0001px; text-indent: 31.1112px; font-size: 15.5556px; text-align: center;">0</span></sub></span></em><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">（A）和脉动幅度<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.6667px; text-indent: 37.3333px; text-wrap: wrap;">α</span>（B）的关系。（C）静态结构因子与脉动耦合强度<span style="font-family:times new roman">J</span></span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">的关系。（D）同步脉动情况下，静态结构因子与脉动周期</span><em style="font-size: 14pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 37.3333px;"><span style="line-height: 33.6px; font-family: "times new roman";">Τ<sub><span style="line-height: 28.0001px; text-indent: 31.1112px; font-size: 15.5556px;">0</span></sub></span></em><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">的关系。</span></p><p><strong>实验联系与展望</strong></p><p>最近在MDCK细胞单层中报道了细胞同步脉动导致的巨涨落结构和相应的拓扑缺陷，成为该工作中理论预测的强有力证据。该理论研究将隐藏拓扑缺陷与脉动细胞组织的结构和动力学联系起来，进一步加深了对实验现象的理解。另外，该研究揭示了细胞脉动与反常密度涨落的联系，有助于指导合成生物学和脉动机器人集群实现随机脉动下的超均匀流体。</p><p><strong>论文的发表和致谢</strong></p><p>相关工作以“Fluidization and anomalous density fluctuations in 2D Voronoi cell tissues with pulsating activity”为题于美国时间2025年3月5日发表在国际著名期刊《美国科学院院刊》上 [<strong>PNAS</strong>, 122(10), e2421518122 (2025)]。南京大学物理学院的博士生李诸钦为论文第一作者，雷群利副教授和马余强院士为论文共同通讯作者。该研究得到了国家自然科学基金理论物理专款-复杂系统理论物理中心、固体微结构物理全国重点实验室、人工微结构科学与技术协同创新中心、江苏省物理科学研究中心、南京大学高性能计算中心等的支持。</p><p class="vsbcontent_end"><a></a><strong>文章链接:</strong> <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2421518122"><strong>https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2421518122</strong></a><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p> </div></div><div id="div_vote_id"></div> </div>  <div class="zwlogo flex" style="justify-content: center;align-items: center;position: relative;height: 1.2rem;"> <img src="../../images/njucon_logo.png" style=" position: absolute;left: 0;">  <div class="zzcc">【转载本网文章请注明出处】</div> </div> </form> <script> $(".article p a").prev().css("display","inline"); </script> <style> @media(max-width: 767px){ .zwlogo img { max-width: 78px;} .zzcc{ font-size: 13px;} } </style> </div> <div class="cont-r"> <div class="sticky"> <div class="cont-r2"><script language="javascript" 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马余强院士团队揭示脉动细胞组织中的隐藏拓扑缺陷和反常密度涨落-南京大学