CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="hak" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hak-kâ-ngî - 自由編輯个維基百科</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )hakwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","Yit-ngie̍t","Ngi-ngie̍t","Sâm-ngie̍t","Si-ngie̍t","Ńg-ngie̍t","Liuk-ngie̍t","Chhit-ngie̍t","Pat-ngie̍t","Kiú-ngie̍t","Sṳ̍p-ngie̍t","Sṳ̍p-yit-ngie̍t","Sṳ̍p-ngi-ngie̍t"],"wgRequestId":"61cc8397-79c6-4d33-be92-2f481bf9a7be","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hak-kâ-ngî","wgTitle":"Hak-kâ-ngî","wgCurRevisionId":129370,"wgRevisionId":129370,"wgArticleId":196,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pâu-hàm GND sṳt-phe̍t-fù ke thiàu-muk","CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","Hàm yû put pûn kî-chhṳ̀ sin-sit khiông sṳ-thon ke ngî-ngièn lui thiàu-muk","Sin-sit khiông mò chhâm kháu chṳ̂ liau sṳ-thon ke ngî-ngièn lui thiàu-muk","Sṳ́-yung ko-sṳ̀ chhâm-sú ke ngî-ngièn lui thiàu-muk","Ngî-ngièn","Hak-kâ Vùn-fa","Hak-kâ-ngî"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"hak", "wgPageContentLanguage":"hak","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hak-kâ-ngî","wgRelevantArticleId":196,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"hak","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"hak"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q33375","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=hak&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=hak&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=hak&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Idioma_hakka.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1048"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Idioma_hakka.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="698"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="559"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hak-kâ-ngî - 自由編輯个維基百科"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//hak.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Phiên-chho" href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (hak)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//hak.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hak"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia-ke Atom thin-ye̍t" href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E8%AE%8A%E6%9B%B4&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hak-kâ-ngî rootpage-Hak-kâ-ngî skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳至內容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站台"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主選單" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主選單</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主選單</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Thô-hòng </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A8u-Ya%CC%8Dp" title="Fóng-mun Thèu-Ya̍p[z]" accesskey="z"><span>Thèu-ya̍p</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E8%AE%8A%E6%9B%B4" title="Lie̍t-chhut mióng-chhàm tú ke chui-khiûn siû-kói[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Chui-khiûn kiên-kói</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Sùi-kî chai-ngi̍p yit-chak ya̍p-mien[x]" accesskey="x"><span>Sùi-kî ya̍p-mien</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pông-sú </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sa-kh%C3%AE_ch%C3%BA-ya%CC%8Dp" title="Kôan-yî pún kie-va̍k, ngì cho-tet cho má-ke, yin-kâi oi ngióng-pân cho"><span>Sa-khî chú-ya̍p</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Th%C3%A2ng-h%C3%A2"><span>廳下</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Chhìm-cháu pông-sú"><span>Pông-sú</span></a></li><li id="n-HowToReadHakka" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E:%E6%81%81%E8%88%AC%E8%AE%80"><span>恁般讀客家話?</span></a></li><li id="n-MySandbox" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2/Sandbox"><span>自家个測試</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A8u-Ya%CC%8Dp" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="維基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-hak.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E6%90%9C%E5%B0%8B" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Sêu-chhìm Wikipedia[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Sêu-chhìm</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chhìm" aria-label="Chhìm" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Sêu-chhìm Wikipedia[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="特殊:搜尋"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Sêu-chhìm</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Sṳ̂-ngìn kûng-khí"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外觀"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改頁面的字體大小、寬度和顏色的外觀" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外觀" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外觀</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hak.wikipedia.org&uselang=hak" class=""><span>贊助𠊎兜維基媒體</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E5%B8%B3%E8%99%9F&returnto=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" title="Kien-ngi ngì siên khôi yit ke fu-thèu chai tên-ngi̍p; m̀-ko mò-yit-thin oi." class=""><span>Khôi fu-thèu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5&returnto=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" title="Kien-ngi ngì tên-ngi̍p, m̀-ko mò-yit-thin oi.[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Tên-ngi̍p</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多選項" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sṳ̂-ngìn kûng-khí" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sṳ̂-ngìn kûng-khí</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="使用者選單" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hak.wikipedia.org&uselang=hak"><span>贊助𠊎兜維基媒體</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>貢獻</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E5%B8%B3%E8%99%9F&returnto=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" title="Kien-ngi ngì siên khôi yit ke fu-thèu chai tên-ngi̍p; m̀-ko mò-yit-thin oi."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Khôi fu-thèu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5&returnto=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" title="Kien-ngi ngì tên-ngi̍p, m̀-ko mò-yit-thin oi.[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Tên-ngi̍p</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 用於已登出編輯者的頁面 <a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" aria-label="了解更多有關編輯"><span>了解更多</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1" title="Liá ke IP vi-chṳ́ yû-koân phiên-siá ke thó-lun[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Kâu-liù</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003E關閉\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"hak\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"animated\" style=\"background:white\"\u003E歡迎來到客家維基百科。 Fôn-ngiàng lòi-to Hak-kâ Vì-kî-pak-khô.\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E有麼個問題做得到廳下（中文：客棧）參詳一下仔。\u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E客家維基百科已有七千篇條目，請大家好好打拼。\u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E做得試試看𠊎兜嘅\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E:%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E\" title=\"說明:推薦用語\"\u003E客家化推薦用法\u003C/a\u003E。\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站台"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kién-kie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kién-kie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kién-kie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kién-kie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換 Kién-kie 子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kién-kie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Su̍k-sin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Su̍k-sin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Su̍k-sin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Su̍k-sin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phe̍t-ke_Hêm-fap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phe̍t-ke_Hêm-fap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Phe̍t-ke Hêm-fap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phe̍t-ke_Hêm-fap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thi̍t-sû_chok-yung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thi̍t-sû_chok-yung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Thi̍t-sû chok-yung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thi̍t-sû_chok-yung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Li̍t-sṳ́" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Li̍t-sṳ́"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Li̍t-sṳ́</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Li̍t-sṳ́-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hien-chhong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hien-chhong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hien-chhong</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hien-chhong-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換 Hien-chhong 子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hien-chhong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hói-ngoi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hói-ngoi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hói-ngoi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hói-ngoi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fông-ngièn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fông-ngièn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fông-ngièn</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fông-ngièn-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換 Fông-ngièn 子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fông-ngièn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thoi-péu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thoi-péu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Thoi-péu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thoi-péu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-fûn-phién" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#fûn-phién"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>fûn-phién</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-fûn-phién-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fûn-phu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fûn-phu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fûn-phu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fûn-phu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chu-yîm_lâu_Sû-siá_hìn-sṳt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chu-yîm_lâu_Sû-siá_hìn-sṳt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Chu-yîm lâu Sû-siá hìn-sṳt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chu-yîm_lâu_Sû-siá_hìn-sṳt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chhâm-kháu_Vùn-hien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chhâm-kháu_Vùn-hien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Chhâm-kháu Vùn-hien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chhâm-kháu_Vùn-hien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chhâm-siòng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chhâm-siòng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Chhâm-siòng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chhâm-siòng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="切換目次" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">切換目次</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hak-kâ-ngî</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 68 種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka" title="Hakka – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hakka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngayngay_a_sowal" title="Ngayngay a sowal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ngayngay a sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7" title="لغة الهاكا – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة الهاكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%97%DC%9F%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܕܗܟܐ – 阿拉米文" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܕܗܟܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7" title="هاكا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هاكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hakka" title="Idioma hakka – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma hakka" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="होक्का भाषा – 阿瓦文" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="होक्का भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="هاکا دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هاکا دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হাক্কা চীনা ভাষা – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাক্কা চীনা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakaeg" title="Hakaeg – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hakaeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(llengua)" title="Hakka (llengua) – 加泰蘭文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hakka (llengua)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1h-g%C4%83-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Káh-gă-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Káh-gă-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka" title="Hakka – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hakka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsieineeg_Haca" title="Tsieineeg Haca – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsieineeg Haca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(Sprache)" title="Hakka (Sprache) – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hakka (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hakka Chinese" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakaa_lingvo" title="Hakaa lingvo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hakaa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino_hakka" title="Chino hakka – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chino hakka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="چینی هاکا – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چینی هاکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka-kiina" title="Hakka-kiina – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hakka-kiina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(langue)" title="Hakka (langue) – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hakka (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="客家話 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="客家話" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hakka" title="Lingua hakka – 加利西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua hakka" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakkaish" title="Hakkaish – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hakkaish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="होक्का भाषा – 印地文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="होक्का भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_bhasa" title="Hakka bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hakka bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Hakka" title="Jaku Hakka – 伊班文" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Hakka" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hakka" title="Bahasa Hakka – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Hakka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hakka" title="Lingua hakka – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua hakka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="客家語 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="客家語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Hagkah" title="Basa Hagkah – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Hagkah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_tili" title="Hakka tili – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hakka tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hakka" title="Bahasa Hakka – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Hakka" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%B9%B4%EC%96%B4" title="하카어 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하카어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak%C5%B3_kalba" title="Hakų kalba – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hakų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="ഹക്ക – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hakka" title="Bahasa Hakka – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Hakka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဟတ်ကာဘာသာစကား – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟတ်ကာဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="هاکا – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هاکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हक्का भाषा – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हक्का भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(taal)" title="Hakka (taal) – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hakka (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka" title="Hakka – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hakka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Hakka (språk) – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hakka (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹੋੱਕਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੋੱਕਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hakka" title="Język hakka – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język hakka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Cin%C3%A8isa,_Hakka" title="Lenga Cinèisa, Hakka – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Cinèisa, Hakka" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ہکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_hac%C3%A1" title="Língua hacá – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua hacá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/nginaingayan" title="nginaingayan – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="nginaingayan" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Хакка (язык) – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хакка (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利文" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Cheenese" title="Hakka Cheenese – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hakka Cheenese" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_language" title="Hakka language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hakka language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Hakka (språk) – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hakka (språk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kichina_cha_Hakka" title="Kichina cha Hakka – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kichina cha Hakka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கேசிய மொழி – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கேசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ภาษาจีนฮากกา – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาจีนฮากกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_%C3%87incesi" title="Hakka Çincesi – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hakka Çincesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Khilang" title="Kari Khilang – 太魯閣文" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Khilang" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="太魯閣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Хакка теле – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хакка теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хаккаська мова – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хаккаська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Kh%C3%A1ch_Gia" title="Tiếng Khách Gia – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Khách Gia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="客家语 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="客家语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahmaxgai" title="Vahmaxgai – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vahmaxgai" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="客家话" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="客家語 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="客家語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kheh-ka-g%C3%AD" title="Kheh-ka-gí – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kheh-ka-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="客家話 – 粵語" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="客家話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粵語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33375#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Phiên-siá khiam ngî-ngièn lièn-kiet" class="wbc-editpage">Phiên-siá lièn-kiet</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Miàng-sṳ khûng-kiên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" title="Khon nui-yùng ya̍p[c]" accesskey="c"><span>頁面/Ya̍p-mien</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96:Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Liá ya̍p ke thó-lun (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>交流/Kâu-liù</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="變更語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Chhà-khon-sú"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE"><span>Thu̍k</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit" title="Phiên-siá pún-ya̍p[v]" accesskey="v"><span>Phiên-siá</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit" title="編輯此頁面的原始碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>編寫原始碼</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=history" title="Liá ya̍p chó-siên ke pán-pún[h]" accesskey="h"><span>Khon li̍t-sṳ́</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kûng-khí-siông" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kûng-khí-siông</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE"><span>Thu̍k</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit" title="Phiên-siá pún-ya̍p[v]" accesskey="v"><span>Phiên-siá</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit" title="編輯此頁面的原始碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>編寫原始碼</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=history"><span>Khon li̍t-sṳ́</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 一般 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E9%80%A3%E5%85%A5%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" title="Chhiòn-phu lièn-chiap ngi̍p pún-ya̍p ke Vì-kî ya̍p-mien lie̍t-péu[j]" accesskey="j"><span>Nâi-têu lièn to liá-têu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E5%B7%B2%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E8%AE%8A%E6%9B%B4/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" rel="nofollow" title="Ya̍p-mien lièn-chiap chhut ke só-yû ya̍p-mien ke kiên-kói[k]" accesskey="k"><span>Siông-kôan kiên-kói</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=hak" title="Sông-chhòn tóng-on[u]" accesskey="u"><span>Sông-chhòn tóng-on</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Chhiòn-phu thi̍t-sû vùn-chông ke lie̍t-péu[q]" accesskey="q"><span>Thi̍t-sû ya̍p</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&oldid=129370" title="Liá-chak ya̍p-mien pán-pún ke ku-thin lièn-kiet"><span>Ku-thin lièn-kiet</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=info" title="更多關於此頁面的資訊"><span>Ya̍p-mien chṳ̂-sín</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&id=129370&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Kôan-yî án-pân yín-yung liá-ya̍p ke chṳ̂-liau"><span>Yín-yung liá-ya̍p</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:URL%E7%B8%AE%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhak.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHak-k%25C3%25A2-ng%25C3%25AE"><span>取得短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhak.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHak-k%25C3%25A2-ng%25C3%25AE"><span>下載QR碼</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yin-chho/fi-chhut </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE"><span>Kien-li̍p sû-sit</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=show-download-screen"><span>Hâ-chai vì PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&printable=yes" title="Pún ya̍p-mien cho-tet tá-yin ke pán-pún[p]" accesskey="p"><span>Cho-tet yin-chho ke pán-pún</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Khì-thâ chiá-moi kie-va̍k </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hakka_Chinese_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33375" title="Lièn-kiet chṳ yí-kîn lièn-chiap ke chṳ̂-liau tú-chhùn-khù hong-muk[g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata hong-muk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外觀"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外觀</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Chhiùng Wikipedia lòi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hak" dir="ltr"><div class="center"><span style="font-size:small;"><abbr title="這邊 Hak-kâ-ngî 个頁面係白話字，有漢字連結客家語个頁面在這項點出。">Liá-piên "<b>Hak-kâ-ngî</b>" ke ya̍p-mien he pha̍k-fa-sṳ, yû hon-sṳ lièn-kiet"<b>客家語</b>" ke ya̍p-mien chhai <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="客家語">liá-hong tiám-chhut</a>.</abbr></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r115151">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.2em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.sisterproject{width:20em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk.bordered th{border:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="above" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;color: black; background-color: salmon;">Hak-kâ-ngî</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: salmon;"> <span style="font-size: small;">Hak-kâ-ngî</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mû-ngî koet-kâ / thi-khî</th><td> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-koet" title="Chûng-koet"><img alt="Chûng-koet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_Ng%C3%ACn-m%C3%ACn_Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Chûng-fà Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet">Chûng-koet </a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n" title="Thòi-vân"><img alt="Thòi-vân" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n" title="Thòi-vân">Thòi-vân</a><br /> </p> <b>Yî-hâ koet-kâ lâu thi-khî ke <a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn" class="mw-redirect" title="Hak-kâ-ngìn">Hak-kâ-ngìn</a> sa khiùn</b>：<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng" title="Hiông-kóng"><img alt="Hiông-kóng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng" title="Hiông-kóng">Hiông-kóng</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-k%C3%A2-po" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîn-kâ-po">Sîn-kâ-po</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2-l%C3%B2i-s%C3%AE-%C3%A2" title="Mâ-lòi-sî-â">Mâ-lòi-sî-â</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yin-n%C3%AC" title="Yin-nì">Yin-nì</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ye%CC%8Dt-n%C3%A0m" title="Ye̍t-nàm">Ye̍t-nàm</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thai-koet" title="Thai-koet">Thai-koet</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yin-thu" title="Yin-thu">Yin-thu</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> tén-tén <a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2" title="Hak-kâ">Hak-kâ</a> sa-khiùn chhi-kî thi-khî só sṳ́-yung.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><b>Khî-vet </b></th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_thi-kh%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ thi-khî (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ thi-khî </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mû-ngî Sṳ́-yung ngìn-sú</th><td> 44,000,000 <sup id="cite_ref-Hak-kâ_fông-ngièn_ke_fûn-khî_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hak-kâ_fông-ngièn_ke_fûn-khî-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（2007<sup id="cite_ref-Hak-kâ_fông-ngièn_ke_fûn-khî_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hak-kâ_fông-ngièn_ke_fûn-khî-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n_h%C3%AC-su%CC%8Dk_f%C3%BBn-lui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngî-ngièn hì-su̍k fûn-lui (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ngî-hì</a></th><td> <div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hon-chh%C3%B4ng_Ng%C3%AE-h%C3%AC" title="Hon-chhông Ngî-hì">Hon-chhông Ngî-hì</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hon-ng%C3%AE-chhu%CC%8Dk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hon-ngî-chhu̍k (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hon-ngî-chhu̍k</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A0m_Ng%C3%AE-k%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kàm Ngî-kî (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kàm Ngî-kî </a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>Hak-kâ-ngî</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B9n-s%E1%B9%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vùn-sṳ (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Vùn-sṳ</a></th><td> <a href="/wiki/Hon-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Hon-sṳ">Hon-sṳ</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-fa-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Pha̍k-fa-sṳ">Hak-ngî Pha̍k-fa-sṳ </a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n_Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE_Pi%C3%A2ng-y%C3%AEm_F%C3%B4ng-on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî Piâng-yîm Fông-on (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî Piâng-yîm Fông-on</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B2i_v%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thòi vân (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thòi vân</a>) <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_fa_pi%C3%A2ng-y%C3%AEm_f%C3%B4ng-on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ fa piâng-yîm fông-on (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ fa piâng-yîm fông-on</a> (Chûng-koet Yhai-liu̍k) <br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagfa_Pinyim" class="extiw" title="en:Hagfa Pinyim">Hak-ngî piâng-yîm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng" title="Hiông-kóng">Hiông-kóng</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color: black; background-color: salmon;">Kôn-fông thi-vi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B4n-f%C3%B4ng_ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n_lie%CC%8Dt-p%C3%A9u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kôn-fông ngî-ngièn lie̍t-péu (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">kôn-fông ngî-ngièn </a></th><td> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_M%C3%ACn-koet" title="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet"><img alt="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_M%C3%ACn-koet" title="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet">Chûng-fà Mìn-koet</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sṳ̀n-ngin séu-sú ngî-ngièn</th><td> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_M%C3%ACn-koet" title="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet"><img alt="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_M%C3%ACn-koet" title="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet">Chûng-fà Mìn-koet</a> fap-thin thai-chung kâu-thûng kûng-khí-pô po-yung ngî-ngièn chṳ̂-yit <sup id="cite_ref-fading_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fading-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Kón-lî kî-kèu</th><td> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_M%C3%ACn-koet" title="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet"><img alt="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_M%C3%ACn-koet" title="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet">Chûng-fà Mìn-koet</a> <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_M%C3%ACn-koet_Hak-k%C3%A2_V%C3%AE-y%C3%A8n-fi" title="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet Hak-kâ Vî-yèn-fi">Hak-kâ Vî-yèn-fi</a><br /> (kiùn-han <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n_thi-kh%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thòi-vân thi-khî (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thòi-vân thi-khî</a>, fî khiòng-chṳ-sin kî-kèu) <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng" title="Hiông-kóng"><img alt="Hiông-kóng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng" title="Hiông-kóng">Hiông-kóng</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng_p%C3%BAn-th%C3%BA_ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n_p%C3%B3-yuk_hia%CC%8Dp-fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiông-kóng pún-thú ngî-ngièn pó-yuk hia̍p-fi (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Pún-thú Ngî-ngièn Pó-yuk Hia̍p-fi</a> (mìn-kiên kî-kèu, sat yû mióng-chhàm ki-liu̍k <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng_Hak-k%C3%A2-fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiông-kóng Hak-kâ-fa (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hiông-kóng Hak-kâ-fa </a> lâu <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%AC-th%C3%A8u-fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vì-thèu-fa (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hiông-kóng Vì-thèu-fa</a> chṳ̂ fat-yîm )</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color: black; background-color: salmon;">Ngî-ngièn thoi-ma</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-3 (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">ISO 639-3</a></th><td> <code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/hak" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:hak">hak</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88:Idioma_hakka.png" class="mw-file-description" title="模板:Px"><img alt="模板:Px" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Idioma_hakka.png" decoding="async" width="362" height="316" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="316" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Hak-kâ-ngî ke thûng-hàng fam-vì, kì ya-he <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-koet_Thai-liu%CC%8Dk" title="Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k">Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k</a> vì-yit yit-chak mu̍t-yû sat-sén ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hon-ng%C3%AE-chhu%CC%8Dk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hon-ngî-chhu̍k (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hon-ngî-chhu̍k </a> ngî-ngièn chhu̍k-khiùn</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b> Hak-kâ-ngî</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hon-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Hon-sṳ">Hon-sṳ</a>: 客家語, me ôn-to <b>Hak-kâ-fa</b>, kán-chhṳ̂n Hak-Ngî) he <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hon-ng%C3%AE-chhu%CC%8Dk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hon-ngî-chhu̍k (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hon-ngî-chhu̍k</a> hâ-poi ke <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n" title="Ngî-ngièn">ngî-ngièn</a> chû-yit, yû chhêu-ko si-chhiên van-ngìn sṳ́-yung. Hak-ngì yû kí chûng, fûn m̀-thùng thi̍t set. Yung Hak-ngì-chá kîn-chhoî <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-koet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chûng-koet">Chûng-koet</a> nàm fông kí sén: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng" title="Kóng-tûng">Kóng-tûng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuk-kien" title="Fuk-kien">Fuk-kien</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B4ng-s%C3%AE" title="Kông-sî">Kông-sî</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-s%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kóng-sî">Kóng-sî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Si-chh%C3%B4n" class="mw-redirect" title="Si-chhôn">Si-chhôn</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B9-n%C3%A0m" title="Fù-nàm">Fù-nàm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kui-ch%C3%BB" title="Kui-chû">Kui-chû</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%AD-n%C3%A1m" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoí-nám">Hoí-nám</a> taú lâu <a href="/wiki/Tho%C3%AC-v%C3%A2n" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoì-vân">Thoì-vân</a>. Chhoî fà-thi chû ngoi, yû tông-tô koet-kâ tû yû hiaú-kóng Hak-ngì kai yung-chá hi kî-mìn. <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AEn-koet" title="Yîn-koet">Yîn-koet</a> fò khì thâ <a href="/wiki/E%C3%BB-ch%C3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eû-chû">Eû-chû</a> koet-ga, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AE-koet" title="Mî-koet">Mî-koet</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%AE-ch%C3%BB" title="Fî-chû">Fî-chû</a>, Nàm <a href="/wiki/Thai-ph%C3%ACn-y%C3%B2ng" title="Thai-phìn-yòng">Thai-phìn-yòng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yin-thu" title="Yin-thu">Yin-thu</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%AE-l%E1%B9%B3%CC%8Dt-p%C3%AEn" class="mw-redirect" title="Fî-lṳ̍t-pîn">Fî-lṳ̍t-pîn</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2-lo%C3%AC-s%C3%AE-%C3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mâ-loì-sî-â">Mâ-loì-sî-â</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%80u-chiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Àu-chiu">Àu-chiu</a> tén thi fông tû yû. Ho̍k-su̍t-sông, Hak-ngî yî <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2i-yen-fa" title="Mòi-yen-fa">Mòi-yen-fa</a> cho thoi-péu; chhai Thoì-vân tú, <a href="/wiki/Si-yen_khi%C3%B4ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Si-yen khiông">Si-yen khiông</a> he Hak-kâ-ngî ke kha khiòng-sṳ fông-ngièn. <br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kién-kie"><span id="Ki.C3.A9n-kie"></span>Kién-kie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Kién-kie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Kién-kie"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Su̍k-sin"><span id="Su.CC.8Dk-sin"></span>Su̍k-sin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Su̍k-sin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Su̍k-sin"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hak-kâ-ngî he <a href="/wiki/Hon-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Hon-chhu̍k">Hon-chhu̍k</a> <a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn" class="mw-redirect" title="Hak-kâ-ngìn">Hak-kâ-ngìn</a> ke mû-ngî, fûn-phu khî-vet tông kóng-fàm, pâu-koat yí <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-koet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chûng-koet">Chûng-koet</a> Thai-liu̍k tûng-nàm yèn-hói, nàm-phu, sî-phu (li-yì <a href="/wiki/Si-chh%C3%B4n" class="mw-redirect" title="Si-chhôn">Si-chhôn</a>) ke sén-fun, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3i-n%C3%A0m" title="Hói-nàm">Hói-nàm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng" title="Hiông-kóng">Hiông-kóng</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-kie" title="Sîn-kie">Sîn-kie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n" title="Thòi-vân">Thòi-vân</a>, hói-ngoi Hak-kâ-ngìn yì-mìn thi-khî (yì <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4-l%C3%AE-khi%C3%B9-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Mô-lî-khiù-sṳ̂">Mô-lî-khiù-sṳ̂</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yin-thu" title="Yin-thu">Yin-thu</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2-l%C3%B2i-s%C3%AE-%C3%A2" title="Mâ-lòi-sî-â">Mâ-lòi-sî-â</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2-p%C3%A2-ch%C3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sâ-pâ-chû">Sâ-pâ-chû</a> tén-tén) . Pí-káu si̍p-chûng ke chûng-sîm vùn-fa-khî he <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng-s%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Kóng-tûng-sén">Kóng-tûng-sén</a> tûng-pet phu (chit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-t%C3%BBng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-tûng (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-tûng</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-pet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-pet (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-pet</a>), <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B4ng-s%C3%AE" title="Kông-sî">Kông-sî</a> ke nàm-phu (<a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A0m-n%C3%A0m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kàm-nàm (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Kàm-nàm</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fuk-kien" title="Fuk-kien">Fuk-kien</a> ke sî-phu (chit <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%AAn-s%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mên-sî (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Mên-sî</a>), liá-têu thi-khî thúng chhṳ̂n-cho Mên-Ye̍t-Kàm sâm-kok thi-tai, ya ôn-to Mên-Ye̍t-Kàm piê-khî. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phe̍t-ke_Hêm-fap"><span id="Phe.CC.8Dt-ke_H.C3.AAm-fap"></span>Phe̍t-ke Hêm-fap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Phe̍t-ke Hêm-fap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Phe̍t-ke Hêm-fap"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yîn-vi “Hak-kâ” liá-chak hêm-fap pin-mò liù-hàng yî yit-têu thi-kî, ku-só Hak-kâ-ngî yû mò-séu phe̍t-ke hêm-fap. Lie̍t-péu yì-hâ poi: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><div style="width:105px">Hêm-fap</div></th> <th><div style="width:105px">Fûn-phu thi-khî</div></th> <th><div style="width:105px">Hêm-fap yù-lòi</div></th> <th>Fu-chu </th></tr> <tr> <td>Hak-kâ-fa</td> <td>Kóng-tûng tûng-phu, pet-phu; Fuk-kien sî-phu, Kông-sî sî-nàm phu tén</td> <td>siên-yû “Hak-kâ-ngìn” hêm-fap, heu yû “Hak-kâ-ngî” hêm-fap</td> <td>Chṳn-sṳt chhòng-ha̍p yin chhṳ̂n-vi Hak-kâ-ngî, Hak-ngî </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A2i-fa" title="Ngâi-fa">Ngâi-fa</a></td> <td>Ye̍t-sî, Kui-nàm tén thi-khî</td> <td>Yîn-vi thi-yit ngìn-chhṳ̂n vi Ngài (𠊎) yì tet-miàng <sup id="cite_ref-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-m%C3%ACn-fa" title="Sîn-mìn-fa">Sîn-mìn-fa</a></td> <td>Kóng-sî</td> <td>Siông-tui yî <a href="/wiki/Chong-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Chong-chhu̍k">Chong-chhu̍k</a> lâu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-chhu%CC%8Dk-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-chhu̍k-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-chhu̍k-ngìn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn" class="mw-redirect" title="Hak-kâ-ngìn">Hak-kâ-ngìn</a> he sîn yì-mìn, só-yî tông-thi-ngìn ôn-to Hak-kâ-ngî cho Sîn-mìn-fa</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mak-ke-fa" title="Mak-ke-fa">Mak-ke-fa</a></td> <td>Kóng-sî</td> <td>Yin Hak-kâ-ngî thi̍t-set chhṳ̀ “Mak-ke” yì-yèn tet-miàng <sup id="cite_ref-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A0i-y%C3%A9n-fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fài-yén-fa (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Fài-yén-fa</a></td> <td>Kóng-sî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B9ng-k%C3%BA-yen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thùng-kú-yen (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thùng-kú-yen</a> tén-thi, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B9-n%C3%A0m" title="Fù-nàm">Fù-nàm</a> <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%B9-y%C3%B2ng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Liù-yòng-sṳ">Liù-yòng-sṳ</a> tén phu-fun thi-khî</td> <td>Yin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%AEn-ch%C3%AAu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhîn-chêu (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Chhîn-chêu</a> Hak-sit-ngìn ngi̍p-sit fài-yén tû yì tet-miàng <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Yit-pân chṳ́-ke he Hak-ngî Thùng-kú phién. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-siang-fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-siang-fa (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-siang-fa</a></td> <td>Fù-nàm</td> <td>Ngièn-yî khì-thâ mìn-hì tui Hak-kâ-ngî ke hêm-fap</td> <td>Liù-yòng tông-thi Hak-kâ-ngìn ya chhṳ-chhṳ̂n Hak-siang-ngìn </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-t%C3%BBng-fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-tûng-fa (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-tûng-fa</a></td> <td>Thoì-vân</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tho%C3%AC-v%C3%A2n_Ngit-k%C3%AD_S%E1%B9%B3%CC%80-kh%C3%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoì-vân Ngit-kí Sṳ̀-khì">Thoì-vân Ngit-kí Sṳ̀-khì</a>, Sit-kon <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng-s%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Kóng-tûng-sén">Kóng-tûng-sén</a> ke Thoì-vân thú-mìn pûn ki-chai cho “Ye̍t-sit” fe̍t-chá “Ye̍t-tûng-ngìn”, só-yung ngî-ngièn fûn ôn-to “Ye̍t-tûng-ngî ”，“Ye̍t-tûng” yì “Kóng-tûng”</td> <td>Hien-thoi Thoì-vân yí-kîn séu-yung liá-chúng hêm-fap </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thi̍t-sû_chok-yung"><span id="Thi.CC.8Dt-s.C3.BB_chok-yung"></span>Thi̍t-sû chok-yung</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Thi̍t-sû chok-yung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Thi̍t-sû chok-yung"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Li̍t-sṳ́"><span id="Li.CC.8Dt-s.E1.B9.B3.CC.81"></span>Li̍t-sṳ́</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Li̍t-sṳ́" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Li̍t-sṳ́"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hien-chhong">Hien-chhong</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Hien-chhong" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Hien-chhong"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hói-ngoi"><span id="H.C3.B3i-ngoi"></span>Hói-ngoi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Hói-ngoi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Hói-ngoi"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fông-ngièn"><span id="F.C3.B4ng-ngi.C3.A8n"></span>Fông-ngièn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Fông-ngièn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Fông-ngièn"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thoi-péu"><span id="Thoi-p.C3.A9u"></span>Thoi-péu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Thoi-péu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Thoi-péu"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ngî-ngièn ho̍k-kâ yit-pân tsiông Kóng-tûng <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2i-yen-fa" title="Mòi-yen-fa">Mòi-yen-fa</a> khon-tso Hak-kâ-ngî ke tién-hìn thoi-péu<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tshai Thòi-vân，tshiu yî <a href="/wiki/Si-yen-fa" title="Si-yen-fa">Si-yen-fa</a> vì tién-hìn thoi-péu （kì lâu Mòi-yen-fa yû tông-tô siông-thùng），thai-tsong yun-sû tú ke Hak-kâ-ngî kóng-po sṳ́-yung ke thai-tô he kî. m-ko pin-mò sùn-tshai yit-tsak kông-yin ke pêu-tsún khéu-yîm. Sûi-yèn Mòi-yen-fa he Hak-kâ-ngî thoi-péu，m-ko，mìn-kiên tui “Mòi-yen-fa tsok-vì Hak-kâ-ngî pêu-tsún-yîm”khiet-fap ngin-thùng，tô-su sṳ́-yong fî Mòi-yen-fa ke Hak-kâ-ngìn yit-pân m-voi kóng Mòi-yen-fa，sim-tsṳ lâu kóng Mòi-yen-fa ke ngìn kâu-liù sṳ̀ hàn-yû yit-têu kêu-thûng tsông-ngoi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="fûn-phién"><span id="f.C3.BBn-phi.C3.A9n"></span>fûn-phién</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: fûn-phién" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯章節的原始碼： fûn-phién"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hak-kâ-ngî tshai 《tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù-tshak》 tú fûn-va̍k tso pat-phién：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-th%C3%B2i-phi%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-thòi-phién (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-thòi-phién</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-ts%C3%BBng-phi%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-tsûng-phién (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-tsûng-phién</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fi-ts%C3%BB-phi%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fi-tsû-phién (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Fi-tsû-phién</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-pet-phi%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-pet-phién (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-pet-phién</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%AEn-ts%C3%BB-phi%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thîn-tsû-phién (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thîn-tsû-phién</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A8n-li%C3%B9ng-phi%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nèn-liùng-phién (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Nèn-liùng-phién</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%AE-kui-phi%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yî-kui-phién (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Yî-kui-phién</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B9ng-k%C3%BA-phi%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thùng-kú-phién (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thùng-kú-phién</a>。Tshù-hôi song-poi só-kóng ke pat-phién，hàn-yû yit-têu mò fûn-phién ke Hak-kâ-ngî fông-ngièn，hó-tshiong Ye̍t-sî，Kui-tûng-nàm，si-tshôn tén thi-khî ke Hak-kâ-ngî<sup id="cite_ref-Tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fûn-phu"><span id="F.C3.BBn-phu"></span>Fûn-phu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Fûn-phu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Fûn-phu"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chu-yîm_lâu_Sû-siá_hìn-sṳt"><span id="Chu-y.C3.AEm_l.C3.A2u_S.C3.BB-si.C3.A1_h.C3.ACn-s.E1.B9.B3t"></span>Chu-yîm lâu Sû-siá hìn-sṳt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Chu-yîm lâu Sû-siá hìn-sṳt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Chu-yîm lâu Sû-siá hìn-sṳt"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hak-kâ-ngî chhòn-thúng sṳ́-yung <a href="/wiki/Hon-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Hon-sṳ">Hon-sṳ</a>, fûn-phu vù-fap-thu kháu-chhat châng-sṳ ke péu-tha̍t vông-vông yung thùng-yîm sṳ thoi-thi;</li> <li>Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k Kóng-tûng-sén yû thôi-chhut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-fa_Pi%C3%A2ng-y%C3%AEm_F%C3%B4ng-on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ-fa Piâng-yîm Fông-on (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ-fa Piâng-yîm Fông-on</a>, m̀-ko tân-chhiang yung chhai <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2i-yen-fa" title="Mòi-yen-fa">Mòi-yen-fa</a>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AEn-koet_Ch%C3%B3ng-l%C3%B3-fi_Chh%C3%A2i-fi" title="Yîn-koet Chóng-ló-fi Chhâi-fi">Yîn-koet Chóng-ló-fi Chhâi-fi</a> chhai Hak-kâ-ngî thi-khî, tông-chhièn yî Ńg-kîn-fu (五經富, kîm-ha su̍k-yî Kóng-tûng-sén <a href="/wiki/Ket-s%C3%AE-yen" title="Ket-sî-yen">Ket-sî-yen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Thai-ph%C3%BB-yen" title="Thai-phû-yen">Thai-phû-yen</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4ng-h%C3%B4ng-yen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sông-hông-yen">Sông-hông-yen</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2n-th%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Sân-thèu">Sân-thèu</a> lâu Thòi-vân vi-chú sṳ́-yung <a href="/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-fa-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Pha̍k-fa-sṳ">Pha̍k-fa-sṳ</a>;</li> <li>Thòi-vân thi-khî yung-yî vi Hak-kâ-ngî chu-yîm ke he <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n_Hak-ng%C3%AE_Th%C3%BBng-yung_pi%C3%A2ng-y%C3%AEm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thòi-vân Hak-ngî Thûng-yung piâng-yîm (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thòi-vân Hak-ngî Thûng-yung piâng-yîm</a> (toi11 van11 hag2 ngi24 tung24 iung55 pin24 im24), heu-lòi yu kói-chin vi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n_Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE_pi%C3%A2ng-y%C3%AEm_f%C3%B4ng-on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî piâng-yîm fông-on (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî piâng-yîm fông-on</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chhâm-kháu_Vùn-hien"><span id="Chh.C3.A2m-kh.C3.A1u_V.C3.B9n-hien"></span>Chhâm-kháu Vùn-hien</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Chhâm-kháu Vùn-hien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=13" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Chhâm-kháu Vùn-hien"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hak-kâ_fông-ngièn_ke_fûn-khî-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hak-kâ_fông-ngièn_ke_fûn-khî_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hak-kâ_fông-ngièn_ke_fûn-khî_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chhia Liù-vùn, Vòng Siet-chṳ̂n (2007-08-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229213323/http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/FYZA200703015.htm"><i>Hak-kâ fông-ngièn ke fûn-khî</i></a> (in Chinese). Pet-kîn: 《Fông-ngièn》. pp. 238–249. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/FYZA200703015.htm">the original</a> on 2014-12-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. <span class="nowrap">2014-12-29</span> chhà-khon</span>. <q>Kîn-kí 《Chûng-fà Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet Hàng-chṳn Khî-va̍k Kién-chhak 》(2004), sṳ́-yung Hak-kâ-ngî ke ngìn-khiéu <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B4ng-s%C3%AE" title="Kông-sî">Kông-sî</a> thai-yok 80-0van, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng" title="Kóng-tûng">Kóng-tûng</a> thai-yok 2300-van, <a href="/wiki/Fuk-kien" title="Fuk-kien">Fuk-kien</a> thai-yok 300-van , <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B9-n%C3%A0m" title="Fù-nàm">Fù-nàm</a> thai-yok 300 van, kâ sông <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-s%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kóng-sî">Kóng-sî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Si-chh%C3%B4n" class="mw-redirect" title="Si-chhôn">Si-chhôn</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3i-n%C3%A0m" title="Hói-nàm">Hói-nàm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n" title="Thòi-vân">Thòi-vân</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng" title="Hiông-kóng">Hiông-kóng</a> khi̍p hói-ngoi <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A0-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fà-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Fà-ngìn</a>, fà yí ke Hak-kâ-ngî <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%ACn-khi%C3%A9u" title="Ngìn-khiéu">ngìn-khiéu</a>, chúng kie 4,400 van chó-yu</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhak.wikipedia.org%3AHak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&rft.au=Chhia+Li%C3%B9-v%C3%B9n%2C+V%C3%B2ng+Siet-ch%E1%B9%B3%CC%82n&rft.btitle=Hak-k%C3%A2+f%C3%B4ng-ngi%C3%A8n+ke+f%C3%BBn-kh%C3%AE&rft.date=2007-08-24&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=238-249&rft.place=Pet-k%C3%AEn&rft.pub=%E3%8AF%C3%B4ng-ngi%C3%A8n%E3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmall.cnki.net%2Fmagazine%2FArticle%2FFYZA200703015.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2297609">「客家基本法」三讀客語列國家語言</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fading-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fading_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="https://hak.wikisource.org/wiki/Thai-chung_yun-s%C3%BB_k%C3%BBng-kh%C3%AD_p%C3%B4-y%C3%AEm_ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n_ph%C3%ACn-t%C3%A9n_p%C3%B3-chong_fap" class="extiw" title="s:Thai-chung yun-sû kûng-khí pô-yîm ngî-ngièn phìn-tén pó-chong fap">Thai-chung yun-sû kûng-khí pô-yîm ngî-ngièn phìn-tén pó-chong fap</a>》：“Thai-chung yun-sû kûng-khí chhù Koet-ngî ngoi, nang yin yî <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AAn-n%C3%A0m-ng%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Mên-nàm-ngî">Mên-nàm-ngî </a>, Hak-kâ-ngî pô-yîm . ” Mìn-koet 89-ngièn ( 2000-ngièn ) 3-ngie̍t 31-ngit li̍p-fap </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Chiet-chṳ 2005-ngièn 9-ngie̍t, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A0ng-ch%E1%B9%B3n-yen_Hak-k%C3%A2_Ve-y%C3%A8n-fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hàng-chṳn-yen Hak-kâ Ve-yèn-fi (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hàng-chṳn-yen Hak-kâ Ve-yèn-fi </a> tui ńg-chúng Thòi-vân Hak-kâ ngî ke sòng-yung sṳ chhṳ̀ chok liáu thu̍k-yîm, yung-sṳ kûi-fam, liá-chúng kûi-fam sṳ̂-hàng yî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE_ngi%C3%A8n_n%C3%A8n-li%CC%8Dt_ngin-ch%E1%B9%B3n_kh%C3%A1u-s%E1%B9%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ-ngî ngièn nèn-li̍t ngin-chṳn kháu-sṳ (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ-ngî ngièn nèn-li̍t ngin-chṳn kháu-sṳ </a> chûng, than put tui ngit-sòng sṳ́-yung chin-hàng khiòng-chṳ . <br /> Chhù Hak-ve-fi ngoi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng_chh%C3%B9ng-chang_ch%C3%BAng-fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiông-kóng chhùng-chang chúng-fi (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hiông-kóng chhùng-chang chúng-fi </a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng-s%C3%A9n_kau-yuk-th%C3%A2ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kóng-tûng-sén kau-yuk-thâng (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Kóng-tûng-sén kau-yuk-thâng </a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n_ng%C3%AE-v%C3%B9n_ho%CC%8Dk-fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thòi-vân ngî-vùn ho̍k-fi (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thòi-vân ngî-vùn ho̍k-fi </a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_M%C3%ACn-koet_Kau-yuk-phu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet Kau-yuk-phu (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Chûng-fà Mìn-koet Kau-yuk-phu </a> tén kî-kèu yi̍t chin-hàng liáu yit-têu kûi-fam , than tû mò tha̍t-to chang-yîm chang-sṳ ke kô-thu .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html">"Top 100 Languages by Population"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhak.wikipedia.org%3AHak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&rft.btitle=Top+100+Languages+by+Population&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davidpbrown.co.uk%2Fhelp%2Ftop-100-languages-by-population.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Men Van-chhûn. Shám-sî sông-lo̍k “Kóng-tûng-fa” ngî-yîm ngiên-kiu [J]. Yèn-ôn Thai-ho̍k Ho̍k-po (Sa-fi Khô-ho̍k pán), 2008, 30(05), 100-103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lai Vùn-fûng. Nèn-chiu Fài-yén-ngìn Yen-ngièn Hi-kháu [J]. Nî-chhûn Ho̍k-yen Ho̍k-po, 2005. (03).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tshia-yún-tshông. Kú-hon-ngî ke “fa̍t-fa-sa̍k”——Hak-kâ-fa（Kiâm-lun Hak-kâ-fông-ngièn yî Mòi-yen-fa vì thoi-péu ke yèn-yù）[J]. Kâ-yin-thai-ho̍k ho̍k-po（sâ-fi-khô-ho̍k）,1997,(5),102-107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Lí-yùng，Yùng-tsin-fî，Tsông-tsin-hîn tén. Tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù-si̍p. Hiông-kóng：Lóng-vùn tshut-pán (Yén-tûng) yû-han kûng-sṳ̂,1987</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chhâm-siòng"><span id="Chh.C3.A2m-si.C3.B2ng"></span>Chhâm-siòng</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Phiên-siá chông-chiet: Chhâm-siòng" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>phiên-siá</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&section=14" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Chhâm-siòng"><span>kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://taigu.fhl.net/Iahap/old.html">http://taigu.fhl.net/Iahap/old.html</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r125488">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r125586">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hak-kâ" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F5DEB3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r125488"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r125539">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-khon"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:Hak-k%C3%A2" title="模板:Hak-kâ"><abbr title="chhà-khon liá-ke mù-pán. 查看邇隻模板" style=";background: #F5DEB3;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">H</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-lun"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96:Hak-k%C3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模板討論:Hak-kâ (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)"><abbr title="koân-yî liá-ke mù-pán ke thó-lun. 關於邇隻模板嘅討論" style=";background: #F5DEB3;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">L</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-phiên"><a class="external text" href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:Hak-k%C3%A2&action=edit"><abbr title="Ngì cho-tet phiên-siá lié-ke mù-pán, chhiáng chhai fat-péu siû-kói chṳ̂-chhièn siên chán-sṳ chhâ-phe̍t.汝做得編寫邇隻模板，請在發表修改之前先展示差別" style=";background: #F5DEB3;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">P</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hak-kâ" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2" title="Hak-kâ">Hak-kâ</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_li%CC%8Dt-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ li̍t-sṳ́ (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ li̍t-sṳ́</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border: 1px solid #FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A8n-fa-yen" title="Nèn-fa-yen">Nèn-fa</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%CC%8Dk-piak-chh%C3%BBn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sa̍k-piak-chhûn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Sa̍k-piak</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%BA_Hak_H%C3%A0i-t%C3%A9u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thú Hak Hài-téu (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thú Hak Hài-téu</a> - <a href="/wiki/Thai-ph%C3%ACn-thi%C3%AAn-koet" title="Thai-phìn-thiên-koet">Thai-phìn-thiên-koet</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_k%C3%AE-y%C3%AEn_chhu%CC%8Dk-ph%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ kî-yîn chhu̍k-phú (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ kî-yîn chhu̍k-phú</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_v%C3%B9n-fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ vùn-fa (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ vùn-fa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border: 1px solid #FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hak-kâ-ngî</a> - <a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2_s%C3%A2n-k%C3%B4" title="Hak-kâ sân-kô">Hak-kâ sân-kô</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B2_Hi%C3%B4ng-l%C3%ACm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lò Hiông-lìm (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Lò Hiông-lìm</a> - <a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2_pat-y%C3%AEm" title="Hak-kâ pat-yîm">Hak-kâ pat-yîm</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_y%C3%AEm-ngo%CC%8Dk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ yîm-ngo̍k (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ yîm-ngo̍k</a> - <a href="/wiki/Hon-khia%CC%8Dk" title="Hon-khia̍k">Hon-khia̍k</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_li%C3%B9-h%C3%A0ng_y%C3%AEm-lo%CC%8Dk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ liù-hàng yîm-lo̍k (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ liù-hàng yîm-lo̍k</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_l%C3%A0m-s%C3%A2m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ làm-sâm (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ làm-sâm</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thi%C3%AAn-chh%C3%B4n-ngit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiên-chhôn-ngit (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thiên-chhôn-ngit</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuk-f%C3%BA-ph%C3%A0i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liuk-fú-phài (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Liuk-fú-phài</a> - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thu_Th%C3%B2i_P%C3%AE-k%C3%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thu Thòi Pî-kô (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thu Thòi Pî-kô</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2_chhoi" title="Hak-kâ chhoi">Hak-kâ chhoi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border: 1px solid #FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ngi%C3%B2ng-theu-f%C3%BA" title="Ngiòng-theu-fú">Ngiòng-theu-fú</a> - <a href="/wiki/Khieu-ngiuk" title="Khieu-ngiuk">Khieu-ngiuk</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yam-mien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yam-mien (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Yam-mien</a> lâu <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A2m-khi%CC%8Dp-thi-th%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sâm-khi̍p-thi-thông (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Sâm-khi̍p-thi-thông</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%A0m-kiuk-ki%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yàm-kiuk-kiê (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Yàm-kiuk-kiê</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngi%C3%B2ng-chi%C3%BA-ki%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngiòng-chiú-kiê (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ngiòng-chiú-kiê</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_Se%C3%BA-chh%C3%A1u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ Seú-chháu (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ Seú-chháu</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-mien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ-mien (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ-mien</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_ngi%C3%B2ng-chi%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ ngiòng-chiú (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ ngiòng-chiú</a> - <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B9i-chh%C3%A0" title="Lùi-chhà">Lùi-chhà</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ngie-p%C3%A1n" title="Ngie-pán">Ngie-pán</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fat-p%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fat-pán (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Fat-pán</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi-kau-p%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mi-kau-pán (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Mi-kau-pán</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B2-phe%CC%8Dt-p%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lò-phe̍t-pán (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Lò-phe̍t-pán</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%A0-p%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhà-pán (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Chhà-pán</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poi-ki-p%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poi-ki-pán (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Poi-ki-pán</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%B9n-phi%C3%A9n-k%C3%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yùn-phién-kô (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Yùn-phién-kô</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%AD-chh%C3%AE-muk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mí-chhî-muk (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Mí-chhî-muk</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A1n-thi%C3%A0u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pán-thiàu (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Pán-thiàu</a> - <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9n-s%C3%AE_pat-thai-k%C3%B4n" title="Mén-sî pat-thai-kôn">Mén-sî pat-thai-kôn</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AC-li%C3%B9ng-vuk" title="Vì-liùng-vuk">Vì-liùng-vuk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border: 1px solid #FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A2-ngo%CC%8Dk-l%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fâ-ngo̍k-lèu (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Fâ-ngo̍k-lèu</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%B9ng-f%C3%A2i-l%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yùng-fâi-lèu (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Yùng-fâi-lèu</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%AC-f%C3%A0-v%C3%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thì-fà-vì (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thì-fà-vì</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%C3%A0n-%C3%B4n-v%C3%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phàn-ôn-vì (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Phàn-ôn-vì</a> - Thú-lèu-khiùn (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thi%C3%A8n-l%C3%B4-h%C3%A2ng_Th%C3%BA-l%C3%A8u-khi%C3%B9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thièn-lô-hâng Thú-lèu-khiùn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thièn-lô-hâng</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B4-pet_Th%C3%BA-l%C3%A8u-khi%C3%B9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kô-pet Thú-lèu-khiùn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Kô-pet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B9ng-h%C3%A2ng_Th%C3%BA-l%C3%A8u-khi%C3%B9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fùng-hâng Thú-lèu-khiùn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Fùng-hâng</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B2-h%C3%A2ng_Th%C3%BA-l%C3%A8u-khi%C3%B9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hò-hâng Thú-lèu-khiùn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hò-hâng</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2_thi-kh%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ thi-khî (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Chú-yeu fûn-pu thi-khî</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border: 1px solid #FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Kóng-tûng (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2i-ch%C3%BB-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Mòi-chû-sṳ">Mòi-chû</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2-ngi%C3%A8n-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Hò-ngièn-sṳ">Hò-ngièn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fi-ch%C3%BB-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Fi-chû-sṳ">Fi-chû</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8u-ko%C3%A2n-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Sèu-koân-sṳ">Sèu-koân</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liu%CC%8Dk-h%C3%B2-yen" title="Liu̍k-hò-yen">Liu̍k-hò</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chh%E1%B9%B3%CC%82m-chun-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Chhṳ̂m-chun-sṳ">Chhṳ̂m-chun</a>) - Fuk-kien (<a href="/wiki/Li%C3%B9ng-ng%C3%A2m-s%E1%B9%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Liùng-ngâm-sṳ">Liùng-ngâm</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2m-m%C3%ACn-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Sâm-mìn-sṳ">Sâm-mìn</a>) - Kông-sî (<a href="/wiki/Kam-ch%C3%BB-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Kam-chû-sṳ">Kam-chû</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B9ng-k%C3%BA-yen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thùng-kú-yen (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thùng-kú</a>) - Fù-nàm (<a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BB-yen" title="Yû-yen">Yû-yen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kui-t%C3%BBng-yen" title="Kui-tûng-yen">Kui-tûng</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C3%AC-s%C3%A0ng-yen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngì-sàng-yen (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ngì-sàng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A0m-l%C3%AEn-yen" title="Yàm-lîn-yen">Yàm-lîn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chh%C3%A0-l%C3%AEn-yen" title="Chhà-lîn-yen">Chhà-lîn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%ACn-k%C3%B4ng-yen" title="Phìn-kông-yen">Phìn-kông</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li%C3%B9-y%C3%B2ng-yen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liù-yòng-yen (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Liù-yòng</a>) - Kóng-sî (<a href="/wiki/Fo-ch%C3%BB-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Fo-chû-sṳ">Fo-chû</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kui-k%C3%B3ng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Kui-kóng-sṳ">Kui-kóng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pet-h%C3%B3i-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Pet-hói-sṳ">Pet-hói</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%AEm-ch%C3%BB-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Khîm-chû-sṳ">Khîm-chû</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngiu%CC%8Dk-l%C3%ACm-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Ngiu̍k-lìm-sṳ">Ngiu̍k-lìm</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B2ng-s%C3%A0ng-k%C3%B3ng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Fòng-sàng-kóng-sṳ">Fòng-sàng</a>) - <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n_Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn" title="Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngìn">Thòi-vân</a> (<a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B2-y%C3%A8n-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Thò-yèn-sṳ">Thò-yèn</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-chuk-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Sîn-chuk-sṳ">Sîn-chuk-sṳ</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-chuk-yen" title="Sîn-chuk-yen">Sîn-chuk-yen</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8u-li%CC%8Dt-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Mèu-li̍t-sṳ">Mèu-li̍t</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liuk-t%C3%B4i" class="mw-redirect" title="Liuk-tôi">Liuk-tôi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%ACn-t%C3%BBng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Phìn-tûng-sṳ">Phìn-tûng</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B4-hi%C3%B9ng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Kô-hiùng-sṳ">Kô-hiùng</a>), <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B2i-ch%C3%BBng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Thòi-chûng-sṳ">Thòi-chûng</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A0m-th%C3%A8u-yen" title="Nàm-thèu-yen">Nàm-thèu</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A2-li%C3%A8n-yen" title="Fâ-lièn-yen">Fâ-lièn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B2i-t%C3%BBng-yen" title="Thòi-tûng-yen">Thòi-tûng</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBn-poi-hi%C3%B4ng" title="Lûn-poi-hiông">Lûn-poi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho%CC%8Dk-l%C3%B3-hak" title="Ho̍k-ló-hak">Ho̍k-ló-hak</a>) - <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B3i-n%C3%A0m_Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hói-nàm Hak-kâ-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hói-nàm</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Si-chh%C3%B4n_Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Si-chhôn Hak-kâ-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Si-chhôn</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9ng-khin_Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhùng-khin Hak-kâ-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Chhùng-khin</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam-s%C3%AE_Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam-sî Hak-kâ-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Sam-sî</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chet-k%C3%B4ng_Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chet-kông Hak-kâ-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Chet-kông</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%AEn-kie_Ngi%C3%A8n-k%C3%AE-m%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sîn-kie Ngièn-kî-mìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hiông-kóng</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C3%A0i-chhu%CC%8Dk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngài-chhu̍k (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-nàm</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A2-l%C3%B2i-s%C3%AE-%C3%A2_F%C3%A0-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mâ-lòi-sî-â Fà-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Mâ-lòi-sî-â</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yin-n%C3%AC_F%C3%A0-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yin-nì Fà-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Yin-nì</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%AEn-k%C3%A2-po_F%C3%A0-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sîn-kâ-po Fà-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Sîn-kâ-po</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r125488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r125586"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Khièn-vî_khúng-chṳ" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Khièn-vî_khúng-chṳ" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E:Khi%C3%A8n-v%C3%AE_kh%C3%BAng-ch%E1%B9%B3" title="說明:Khièn-vî khúng-chṳ">Khièn-vî khúng-chṳ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrated_Authority_File&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrated Authority File (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4249616-0">4249616-0</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Diet_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Diet Library (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001117797">001117797</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lòi chhṳ "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hak-kâ-ngî&oldid=129370">https://hak.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hak-kâ-ngî&oldid=129370</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="特殊:分類">Fûn-lui</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分類:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh) (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:H%C3%A0m_y%C3%BB_put_p%C3%BBn_k%C3%AE-chh%E1%B9%B3%CC%80_sin-sit_khi%C3%B4ng_s%E1%B9%B3-thon_ke_ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n_lui_thi%C3%A0u-muk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分類:Hàm yû put pûn kî-chhṳ̀ sin-sit khiông sṳ-thon ke ngî-ngièn lui thiàu-muk (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hàm yû put pûn kî-chhṳ̀ sin-sit khiông sṳ-thon ke ngî-ngièn lui thiàu-muk</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:Sin-sit_khi%C3%B4ng_m%C3%B2_chh%C3%A2m_kh%C3%A1u_ch%E1%B9%B3%CC%82_liau_s%E1%B9%B3-thon_ke_ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n_lui_thi%C3%A0u-muk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分類:Sin-sit khiông mò chhâm kháu chṳ̂ liau sṳ-thon ke ngî-ngièn lui thiàu-muk (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Sin-sit khiông mò chhâm kháu chṳ̂ liau sṳ-thon ke ngî-ngièn lui thiàu-muk</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:S%E1%B9%B3%CC%81-yung_ko-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%80_chh%C3%A2m-s%C3%BA_ke_ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n_lui_thi%C3%A0u-muk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分類:Sṳ́-yung ko-sṳ̀ chhâm-sú ke ngî-ngièn lui thiàu-muk (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Sṳ́-yung ko-sṳ̀ chhâm-sú ke ngî-ngièn lui thiàu-muk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:Ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n" title="分類:Ngî-ngièn">Ngî-ngièn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:Hak-k%C3%A2_V%C3%B9n-fa" title="分類:Hak-kâ Vùn-fa">Hak-kâ Vùn-fa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" title="分類:Hak-kâ-ngî">Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ám-hí ke fûn-lui: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:P%C3%A2u-h%C3%A0m_GND_s%E1%B9%B3t-phe%CC%8Dt-f%C3%B9_ke_thi%C3%A0u-muk" title="分類:Pâu-hàm GND sṳt-phe̍t-fù ke thiàu-muk">Pâu-hàm GND sṳt-phe̍t-fù ke thiàu-muk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Liá-chak ya̍p-mien chui-khiûn siû-thin yî 2024年9月28日 (Lî-pai-liuk) 03:40.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Só-yû vùn-sṳ tû-he thûng-yung <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; khì-thâ khí-thí ke thiàu-vùn chhiáng ngì khon <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Yún-sṳ̂ chṳn-chhet</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%B4an-y%C3%AE">Yû-kôan Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Yit-p%C3%A2n_mi%C3%AAn-chit_s%C3%A2ng-m%C3%ACn">Miên-chit sâng-mìn</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行為準則</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Khôi-fat ngìn-yèn</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/hak.wikipedia.org">統計</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie sâng-mìn</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//hak.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Sú-kî pán kiám-sṳ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-2lfms","wgBackendResponseTime":241,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.376","walltime":"0.819","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3113,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":52475,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7635,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":21632,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 469.058 1 -total"," 59.17% 277.545 1 模板:Infobox_Language"," 51.48% 241.486 1 模板:Infobox"," 17.31% 81.178 1 模板:Hak-kâ"," 16.14% 75.717 1 模板:Navbox"," 10.04% 47.088 9 模板:Flag"," 9.85% 46.201 1 模板:Authority_control"," 6.59% 30.911 1 模板:Cite_book"," 6.55% 30.713 4 模板:Flagicon"," 5.94% 27.880 1 模板:SIN"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.122","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2324890,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7649cfcddd-hm45t","timestamp":"20241127120224","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hak-k\u00e2-ng\u00ee","url":"https:\/\/hak.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q33375","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q33375","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7dad\u57fa\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c08\u6848\u8ca2\u737b\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-05-28T06:30:33Z","dateModified":"2024-09-28T03:40:51Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/19\/Idioma_hakka.png"}</script> </body> </html>