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<meta name="description" content="Search results for: nail"> <meta name="keywords" content="nail"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="nail"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 35</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: nail</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> A Simple Technique for Centralisation of Distal Femoral Nail to Avoid Anterior Femoral Impingement and Perforation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Panwalkar">P. Panwalkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Veravalli"> K. Veravalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tofighi"> M. Tofighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mofidi"> A. Mofidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Anterior femoral perforation or distal anterior nail position is a known complication of femoral nailing specifically in pertrochantric fractures fixed with cephalomedullary nail. This has been attributed to wrong entry point for the femoral nail, nail with large radius of curvature or malreduced fracture. Left alone anterior perforation of femur or abutment of nail on anterior femur will result in pain and risk stress riser at distal femur and periprosthetic fracture. There have been multiple techniques described to avert or correct this problem ranging from using different nail, entry point change, poller screw to deflect the nail position, use of shorter nail or use of curved guidewire or change of nail to ensure a nail with large radius of curvature Methods: We present this technique which we have used in order to centralise the femoral nail either when the nail has been put anteriorly or when the guide wire has been inserted too anteriorly prior to the insertion of the nail. This technique requires the use of femoral reduction spool from the nailing set. This technique was used by eight trainees of different level of experience under supervision. Results: This technique was easily reproducible without any learning curve without a need for opening of fracture site or change in the entry point with three different femoral nailing sets in twenty-five cases. The process took less than 10 minutes even when revising a malpositioned femoral nail. Conclusion: Our technique of using femoral reduction spool is easily reproducible and repeatable technique for avoidance of non-centralised femoral nail insertion and distal anterior perforation of femoral nail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femoral%20fracture" title="femoral fracture">femoral fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nailing" title=" nailing"> nailing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malposition" title=" malposition"> malposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery"> surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146872/a-simple-technique-for-centralisation-of-distal-femoral-nail-to-avoid-anterior-femoral-impingement-and-perforation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Electromagnetic Simulation of Underground Cable Perforation by Nail </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Nour%20El%20Islam%20Ayad">Ahmed Nour El Islam Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahar%20Rouibah"> Tahar Rouibah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%20Krika"> Wafa Krika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houari%20Boudjella"> Houari Boudjella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larab%20Moulay"> Larab Moulay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Benhamida"> Farid Benhamida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selma%20Benmoussa"> Selma Benmoussa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to evaluate the electromagnetic field of an underground cable of very high voltage perforated by nail. The aim of this work shows a numerical simulation of the electromagnetic field of 400 kV line after perforation through a ferrous nail in four positions for the pinch pin at different distances. From results for a longitudinal section, we observe and evaluate the distribution and the variation of the electromagnetic field in the cable and the earth. When the nail approaches the underground power cable, the distribution of the magnetic field changes and takes several forms, the magnetic field increase and become very important when the nail breaks the metal screen and will produce a significant leak of the electric field, characterized by a large electric arc and or electric discharge to earth and then a fault in the electrical network. These electromagnetic analysis results help to detect defects in underground cables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground" title="underground">underground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic" title=" electromagnetic"> electromagnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nail" title=" nail"> nail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect" title=" defect"> defect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114023/electromagnetic-simulation-of-underground-cable-perforation-by-nail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Impact of Butt Joints on Flexural Properties of Nail Laminated Timber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mehdi%20Bagheri">Mohammad Mehdi Bagheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tianying%20Ma"> Tianying Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Gong"> Meng Gong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nail laminated timber (NLT) is widely used for constructing timber bridge decks in North America. Butt joints usually exist due to the length limits of lumber, leading to concerns about the decrease of structural performance of NLT. This study aimed at investigating the provisions incorporated in Canadian highway bridge design code on the use of but joints in wooden bridge decks. Three and five layers NLT specimens with various configurations were tested under 3-point bending test. It was found that the standard equation is capable of predicting the bending stiffness reduction due to butt joints and 1-m band limit in which, one but joint in every three adjacent lamination is allowed, sounds reasonable. The strength reduction also followed a pattern similar to stiffness reduction. Also reinforcement of the butt joint through nails and steel side plates was attempted. It was found that nail reinforcement recovers the stiffness slightly. In contrast, reinforcing the butt joint through steel side plate improved the flexural performance significantly when compared to the nail reinforcement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nail%20laminated%20timber" title="nail laminated timber">nail laminated timber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butt%20joint" title=" butt joint"> butt joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20stiffness" title=" bending stiffness"> bending stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement" title=" reinforcement "> reinforcement </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124932/impact-of-butt-joints-on-flexural-properties-of-nail-laminated-timber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Percutaneous Femoral Shortening Over a Nail Using Onsite Smashing Osteotomy Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rami%20Jahmani">Rami Jahmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Closed femoral-shortening osteotomy over an intramedullary nail for the treatment of leg length discrepancy (LLD) is a demanding surgical technique, classically requiring specialized instrumentation (intramedullary saw and chisel). The paper describes a modified surgical technique of performing femoral shortening percutaneously, using a percutaneous multiple drill-hole osteotomy technique to smash the bone, and then, the bone is fixed using intramedullary locked nail. Paper presents the result of performing nine cases of shortening as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%94Femoral%20shortening" title="—Femoral shortening">—Femoral shortening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leg%20length%20discrepancy" title=" Leg length discrepancy"> Leg length discrepancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minimal%20invasive" title=" Minimal invasive"> Minimal invasive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Percutaneous%20osteotomy." title=" Percutaneous osteotomy."> Percutaneous osteotomy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169030/percutaneous-femoral-shortening-over-a-nail-using-onsite-smashing-osteotomy-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Investigating the Nail Walls Performance in Jointed Rock Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Naeimifar">Ibrahim Naeimifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Naeemifar"> Omid Naeemifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evaluation of the excavation-induced ground movements is an important design aspect of support systems in urban areas. Geological and geotechnical conditions of an excavation area have significant effects on excavation-induced ground movements and the related damage. This paper is aimed at studying the performance of excavation walls supported by nails in jointed rock medium. The performance of nailed walls is investigated based on evaluating the excavation-induced ground movements. For this purpose, a set of calibrated 2D finite element models is developed by taking into account the nail-rock-structure interactions, the anisotropic properties of jointed rock, and the staged construction process. The results of this paper highlight effects of different parameters such as joint inclinations, the anisotropy of rocks and nail inclinations on deformation parameters of excavation wall supported by nails. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title="finite element">finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jointed%20rock" title=" jointed rock"> jointed rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nailing" title=" nailing"> nailing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33136/investigating-the-nail-walls-performance-in-jointed-rock-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Insufficiency Fracture of Femoral Head in Patients Treated With Intramedullary Nailing for Proximal Femur Fracture </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jai%20Hyung%20Park">Jai Hyung Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20Kim"> Eugene Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Hun%20Park"> Jin Hun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Joon%20Oh"> Min Joon Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head (SIF) is a rare complication; however, it has been recognized to cause femoral head collapse. Subchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF) is caused by normal or physiological stress without any trauma. It has been reported in osteoporotic patients after the fixation of the proximal femur with an Intramedullary nail. Case presentation: We reported 5 cases with SIF of the femoral head after proximal femur fracture fixation with Intra-medullary nail. All patients had osteoporosis as an underlying disease. Good reduction was achieved in all 5 patients. SIF was found from about 3 months to 4 years after the initial operation, and all the fractures were solidly united at the final diagnosis. We investigated retrospectively the feature of those cases and several factors that affected the occurrence of SIF. Discussion: There are a few discussions regarding the SIF of the femoral head. These discussions may include the predisposing risk factors, how to diagnose the SIF in osteoporotic patients, and the peri-operative factors to prevent SIF. Conclusion: Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head is a considerable complication after the internal fixation of the proximal femur. There are several factors that can be modified. If they could be controlled in the peri-operative period, SIF could be prevented or handled in advance. Other options related to arthroplasty can be considered in old osteoporotic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insufficiency%20fracture%20of%20femoral%20head" title="insufficiency fracture of femoral head">insufficiency fracture of femoral head</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intra-medullary%20nail" title=" intra-medullary nail"> intra-medullary nail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title=" osteoporosis"> osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximal%20femur%20fracture" title=" proximal femur fracture"> proximal femur fracture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117685/insufficiency-fracture-of-femoral-head-in-patients-treated-with-intramedullary-nailing-for-proximal-femur-fracture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Design and Optimization of Soil Nailing Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fereshteh%20Akbari">Fereshteh Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farrokh%20Jalali%20Mosalam"> Farrokh Jalali Mosalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hedayatifar"> Ali Hedayatifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirreza%20Aminjavaheri"> Amirreza Aminjavaheri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The soil nailing is an effective method to stabilize slopes and retaining structures. Consequently, the lateral and vertical displacement of retaining walls are important criteria to evaluate the safety risks of adjacent structures. This paper is devoted to the optimization problems of retaining walls based on ABAQOUS Software. The various parameters such as nail length, orientation, arrangement, horizontal spacing, and bond skin friction, on lateral and vertical displacement of retaining walls are investigated. In order to ensure accuracy, the mobilized shear stress acting around the perimeter of the nail-soil interface is also modeled in ABAQOUS software. The observed trend of results is compared to the previous researches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retaining%20walls" title="retaining walls">retaining walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20nailing" title=" soil nailing"> soil nailing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABAQOUS%20software" title=" ABAQOUS software"> ABAQOUS software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20displacement" title=" lateral displacement"> lateral displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20displacement" title=" vertical displacement"> vertical displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154028/design-and-optimization-of-soil-nailing-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Investigation of Effective Parameters on Pullout Capacity in Soil Nailing with Special Attention to International Design Codes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed">R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mortezaee"> M. Mortezaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An important and influential factor in design and determining the safety factor in Soil Nailing is the ultimate pullout capacity, or, in other words, bond strength. This important parameter depends on several factors such as material and soil texture, method of implementation, excavation diameter, friction angle between the nail and the soil, grouting pressure, the nail depth (overburden pressure), the angle of drilling and the degree of saturation in soil. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), a customary regulation in the design of nailing, is considered only the effect of the soil type (or rock) and the method of implementation in determining the bond strength, which results in non-economic design. The other regulations are each of a kind, some of the parameters affecting bond resistance are not taken into account. Therefore, in the present paper, at first the relationships and tables presented by several valid regulations are presented for estimating the ultimate pullout capacity, and then the effect of several important factors affecting on ultimate Pullout capacity are studied. Finally, it was determined, the effect of overburden pressure (in method of injection with pressure), soil dilatation and roughness of the drilling surface on pullout strength is incremental, and effect of degree of soil saturation on pullout strength to a certain degree of saturation is increasing and then decreasing. therefore it is better to get help from nail pullout-strength test results and numerical modeling to evaluate the effect of parameters such as overburden pressure, dilatation, and degree of soil saturation, and so on to reach an optimal and economical design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20nailing" title="soil nailing">soil nailing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pullout%20capacity" title=" pullout capacity"> pullout capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federal%20highway%20administration%20%28FHWA%29" title=" federal highway administration (FHWA)"> federal highway administration (FHWA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grout" title=" grout"> grout</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96329/investigation-of-effective-parameters-on-pullout-capacity-in-soil-nailing-with-special-attention-to-international-design-codes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> The Bioaccumulation of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Chromium (Cr) in Relation to Personal and Social Habits in Electronic Repair Technicians in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria: A Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Lawal">M. A. Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Uzairu"> A. Uzairu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Sallau"> M. S. Sallau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presence and bioaccumulation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in blood, urine, nail, and hair samples of electronic repair technicians in Kaduna-Nigeria were assessed using Fast Sequential Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 10 electronic repair technicians from within Kaduna Metropolis volunteered for the pilot study. The mean blood concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr in the subjects were 29.33 ± 4.80, 7.78 ± 10.57, and 24.78 ± 21.77 µg/dL, respectively. The mean urine concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were 24.18 ± 2.98, 6.81 ± 10.05, and 14.78 ± 14.20 µg/dL, respectively. Mean nail metal values of 37.13 ± 4.08, 1.00 ± 1.21, and 18.49 ± 12.71 µg/g were obtained for Pb, Cd, and Cr, respectively while mean hair metal values of 39.41 ± 5.63, 1.09 ± 1.14, and 19.13 ± 11.61 µg/g for Pb, Cd, and Cr, respectively. Positive Pearson correlation coefficients were observed between Pb/Cd, Pb/Cr, and Cd/Cr in all samples and they indicate the metals are likely from the same pollution source. The mean concentrations of the metals in all samples were higher than the WHO, ILO, and ACGIH standards, implying the repairers are likely occupationally exposed and are subject to serious health concerns. Social habits like smoking were found to significantly affect the concentrations of these metals. The level of education, use of safety devices, period of exposure, the nature of electronics and the age of the repairers were also found to remarkably affect the concentrations of the metals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioaccumulation" title="bioaccumulation">bioaccumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20repair%20technicians" title=" electronic repair technicians"> electronic repair technicians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20hazard" title=" occupational hazard"> occupational hazard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33931/the-bioaccumulation-of-lead-pb-cadmium-cd-and-chromium-cr-in-relation-to-personal-and-social-habits-in-electronic-repair-technicians-in-kaduna-metropolis-nigeria-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Evaluation of Some Trace Elements in Biological Samples of Egyptian Viral Hepatitis Patients under Nutrition Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Elnimr">Tarek Elnimr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reda%20Morsy"> Reda Morsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assem%20El%20Fert"> Assem El Fert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziza%20Ismail"> Aziza Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. The condition can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis or liver cancer. Disease caused by the hepatitis virus, the virus can cause hepatitis infection, ranging in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. A growing body of evidence indicates that many trace elements play important roles in a number of carcinogenic processes that proceed with various mechanisms. To examine the status of trace elements during the development of hepatic carcinoma, we determined the iron, copper, zinc and selenium levels in some biological samples of patients at different stages of viral hepatic disease. We observed significant changes in the iron, copper, zinc and selenium levels in the biological samples of patients hepatocellular carcinoma, relative to those of healthy controls. The mean hair, nail, RBC, serum and whole blood copper levels in patients with hepatitis virus were significantly higher than that of the control group. In contrast the mean iron, zinc, and selenium levels in patients having hepatitis virus were significantly lower than those of the control group. On the basis of this study, we identified the impact of natural supplements to improve the treatment of viral liver damage, using the level of some trace elements such as, iron, copper, zinc and selenium, which might serve as biomarkers for increases survival and reduces disease progression. Most of the elements revealed diverse and random distribution in the samples of the donor groups. The correlation study pointed out significant disparities in the mutual relationships among the trace elements in the patients and controls. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the element data manifested diverse apportionment of the selected elements in the scalp hair, nail and blood components of the patients compared with the healthy counterparts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis" title="hepatitis">hepatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hair" title=" hair"> hair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nail" title=" nail"> nail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20components" title=" blood components"> blood components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20element" title=" trace element"> trace element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition%20therapy" title=" nutrition therapy"> nutrition therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20analysis" title=" multivariate analysis"> multivariate analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICP-MS" title=" ICP-MS"> ICP-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23582/evaluation-of-some-trace-elements-in-biological-samples-of-egyptian-viral-hepatitis-patients-under-nutrition-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Fuzzy Nail Cream Formula Treatment with Basic Iranian Traditional Medicine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Najafizade">Elahe Najafizade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Mohammad%20Alkhateeb"> Ahmad Mohammad Alkhateeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ali%20Hossein%20Zahraei"> Seyed Ali Hossein Zahraei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Dianat"> Iman Dianat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Hangnails are short, torn, down parts of the skin surrounding the nails. At times they are very painful. The usual treatment advised is cutting the excess skin with clippers or scissors. To provide instant relief to the patients, we describe a simpler and more effective way to use surgical glue to paste them back into their original position. Method: The cream should not be on the heat; it is on the bain-marie. To achieve the desired emulsifier, 1 gram of borax was mixed in 10 grams of distilled water in a bain-marie until it melted, then stirred oserin, beeswax, and oil in the bain-marie until it melted. After that, 32 grams of distilled water was added little by little. We add and stir and gradually add the borax dissolved in 10 grams of distilled water. The bowl of cream was placed in a bowl of cold water and stirred until the cream was smooth. After that, we add gasoline, alcohol, or methylparaben preservatives. It should be noted that this amount of ingredients is enough for a 350-gram can (when we prepare the cream, we also add the extract). Result: The patient was a 40-year-old female with a hangnail problem that had been used several different creams and Vaseline, but the treatment was not useful, but after this cream was applied for treatment; the hangnail started to cure within one week, and complete treatment achieved after two weeks. Conclusion: Traditional methods with modification without using chemical substances somehow work better and safer, so research programs on them will be useful for less risky treatment procedures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nail" title="nail">nail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cream" title=" cream"> cream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formula" title=" formula"> formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20medicine" title=" traditional medicine"> traditional medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160894/fuzzy-nail-cream-formula-treatment-with-basic-iranian-traditional-medicine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> The Risk of Deaths from Viral Hepatitis among the Female Workers in the Beauty Service Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byeongju%20Choi">Byeongju Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanggil%20Lee"> Sanggil Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Eun%20Lee"> Kyung-Eun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: In the republic of Korea, the number of workers in the beauty industry has been increasing. Because the prevalence of hepatitis B carriers in Korea is higher than in other countries, the risk of blood-borne infection including viral hepatitis B and C, among the workers by using the sharp and contaminated instruments during procedure can be expected among beauty salon workers. However, the health care policies for the workers to prevent the blood-borne infection are not established due to the lack of evidences. Moreover, the workers in hair and nail salon were mostly employed at small businesses, where national mandatory systems or policies for workers’ health management are not applied. In this study, the risk of the viral hepatitis B and C from the job experiencing the hair and nail procedures in the mortality was assessed. Method: We conducted a retrospective review of the job histories and causes of death in the female deaths from 2006-2016. 132,744 of female deaths who had one more job experiences during their lifetime were included in this study. Job histories were assessed using the employment insurance database in Korea Employment Information Service (KEIS) and the causes of death were in death statistics produced by Statistics Korea. Case group (n= 666) who died from viral hepatitis was classified the death having record involved in ‘B15-B19’ as a cause of deaths based on Korean Standard Classification of Diseases(KCD) with the deaths from other causes, control group (n=132,078). The group of the workers in the beauty service industry were defined as the employees who had ever worked in the industry coded as ‘9611’ based on Korea Standard Industry Classification (KSIC) and others were others. Other than job histories, birth year, marital status, education level were investigated from the death statistics. Multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess the risk of deaths from viral hepatitis in the case and control group. Result: The number of the deaths having ever job experiences at the hair and nail salon was 255. After adjusting confounders of age, marital status and education, the odds ratio(OR) for deaths from viral hepatitis was quite high in the group having experiences with working in the beauty service industry with 3.14(95% confidence interval(CI) 1.00-9.87). Other associated factors with increasing the risk of deaths from viral hepatitis were low education level(OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.04-1.73), married women (OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.02-1.97). Conclusion: The risk of deaths from viral hepatitis were high in the workers in the beauty service industry but not statistically significant, which might attributed from the small number of workers in beauty service industry. It was likely that the number of workers in beauty service industry could be underestimated due to their temporary job position. Further studies evaluating the status and the incidence of viral infection among the workers with consideration of the vertical transmission would be required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beauty%20service" title="beauty service">beauty service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20hepatitis" title=" viral hepatitis"> viral hepatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood-borne%20infection" title=" blood-borne infection"> blood-borne infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20infection" title=" viral infection"> viral infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126285/the-risk-of-deaths-from-viral-hepatitis-among-the-female-workers-in-the-beauty-service-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Anatomical, Light and Scanning Electron Microscopical Study of Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Integument </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20El-Gendy">Samir El-Gendy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20Zaghloul"> Doaa Zaghloul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study dealt with the gross and microscopic anatomy of the integument of male ostrich in addition to the histological features of different areas of skin by light and SEM. The ostrich skin is characterized by prominent feather follicles and bristles. The number of feather follicles was determined per cm2 in different regions. The integument of ostrich had many modifications which appeared as callosities and scales, nail and toe pads. They were sternal, pubic and Achilles tendon callosities. The vacuolated epidermal cells were seen mainly in the skin of legs and to a lesser extent in the skin of back and Achilles areas. Higher lipogenic potential was expressed by epidermis from glabrous areas of ostrich skin. The dermal papillae were found in the skin of feathered area of neck and back and this was not a common finding in bird's skin which may give resistance against shearing forces in these regions of ostrich skin. The thickness of the keratin layer of ostrich varied, being thick and characteristically loose in the skin at legs, very thin and wavy at neck, while at Achilles skin area, scale and toe pad were thick and more compact, with the thickest very dense and wavy keratin layer at the nail. The dermis consisted of superficial layer of dense irregular connective tissue characterized by presence of many vacuoles of different sizes just under the basal lamina of the epithelium of epidermis and deep layer of dense regular connective tissue. This result suggested presence of fat droplets in this layer which may be to overcome the lack of good barrier of cutaneous water loss in epidermis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ostrich" title="ostrich">ostrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20microscopy" title=" light microscopy"> light microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscopy" title=" scanning electron microscopy"> scanning electron microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integument" title=" integument"> integument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20modifications" title=" skin modifications"> skin modifications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59310/anatomical-light-and-scanning-electron-microscopical-study-of-ostrich-struthio-camelus-integument" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> A Hygrothermal Analysis and Structural Performance of Wood-Frame Wall Systems with Low-Permeance Exterior Insulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marko%20Spasojevic">Marko Spasojevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Hei%20Chui"> Ying Hei Chui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuxiang%20Chen"> Yuxiang Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing the level of exterior insulation in residential buildings is a popular way for improving the thermal characteristic of building enclosure and reducing heat loss. However, the layout and properties of materials composing the wall have a great effect on moisture accumulation within the wall cavity, long-term durability of a wall as well as the structural performance. A one-dimensional hygrothermal modeling has been performed to investigate moisture condensation risks and the drying capacity of standard 2×4 and 2×6 light wood-frame wall assemblies including exterior low-permeance extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation. The analysis considered two different wall configurations whereby the rigid insulation board was placed either between Oriented Strand Board (OSB) sheathing and the stud or outboard to the structural sheathing. The thickness of the insulation varied between 0 mm and 50 mm and the analysis has been conducted for eight different locations in Canada, covering climate zone 4 through zone 8. Results show that the wall configuration with low-permeance insulation inserted between the stud and OSB sheathing accumulates more moisture within the stud cavity, compared to the assembly with the same insulation placed exterior to the sheathing. On the other hand, OSB moisture contents of the latter configuration were markedly higher. Consequently, the analysis of hygrothermal performance investigated and compared moisture accumulation in both the OSB and stud cavity. To investigate the structural performance of the wall and the effect of soft insulation layer inserted between the sheathing and framing, forty nail connection specimens were tested. Results have shown that both the connection strength and stiffness experience a significant reduction as the insulation thickness increases. These results will be compared with results from a full-scale shear wall tests in order to investigate if the capacity of shear walls with insulated sheathing would experience a similar reduction in structural capacities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygrothermal%20analysis" title="hygrothermal analysis">hygrothermal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulated%20sheathing" title=" insulated sheathing"> insulated sheathing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20performance" title=" moisture performance"> moisture performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nail%20joints" title=" nail joints"> nail joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20shear%20wall" title=" wood shear wall"> wood shear wall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105975/a-hygrothermal-analysis-and-structural-performance-of-wood-frame-wall-systems-with-low-permeance-exterior-insulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Osseointegration Outcomes Following Amputee Lengthening</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Hoellwarth">Jason Hoellwarth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atiya%20Oomatia"> Atiya Oomatia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuj%20Chavan"> Anuj Chavan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Tetsworth"> Kevin Tetsworth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munjed%20Al%20Muderis"> Munjed Al Muderis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Percutaneous EndoProsthetic Osseointegration for Limbs (PEPOL) facilitates improved quality of life (QOL) and objective mobility for most amputees discontent with their traditional socket prosthesis (TSP) experience. Some amputees desiring PEPOL have residual bone much shorter than the currently marketed press-fit implant lengths of 14-16 cm, potentially a risk for failure to integrate. We report on the techniques used, complications experienced, the management of those complications, and the overall mobility outcomes of seven patients who had femur distraction osteogenesis (DO) with a Freedom nail followed by PEPOL. Method: Retrospective evaluation of a prospectively maintained database identified nine patients (5 females) who had transfemoral DO in preparation for PEPOL with two years of follow-up after PEPOL. Six patients had traumatic causes of amputation, one had perinatal complications, one was performed to manage necrotizing fasciitis and one was performed as a result of osteosarcoma. Result: The average age at which DO commenced was 39.4±15.9 years, and seven patients had their amputation more than ten years prior (average 25.5±18.8 years). The residual femurs, on average, started at 102.2±39.7 mm and were lengthened 58.1±20.7 mm, 98±45% of the goal (99±161% of the original bone length). Five patients (56%) had a complication requiring additional surgery: four events of inadequate regeneration were managed with continued lengthening to the desired goal followed by autograft placement harvested from contralateral femur reaming; one patient had the cerclage wires break, which required operative replacement. All patients had osseointegration performed at 355±123 days after the initial lengthening nail surgery. One patient had K-level >2 before DO, at a mean of 3.4±0.6 (2.6-4.4) years following osseointegration. Six patients had K-level >2. The 6-Minute Walk Test remained unchanged (267±56 vs. 308 ± 117 meters). Patient self-rating of prosthesis function, problems, and amputee situation did not significantly change from before DO to after osseointegration. Six patients required additional surgery following osseointegration: six to remove fixation plates placed to maintain distraction osteogenesis length at osseointegration; two required irritation and debridement for infection. Conclusion: Extremely short residual femurs, which make TSP use troublesome, can be lengthened with externally controlled telescoping nails and successfully achieve osseointegration. However, it is imperative to counsel patients that additional surgery to address inadequate regeneration or to remove painful hardware used to maintain fixation may be necessary. This may improve the amputee’s expectations before beginning a potentially arduous process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osseointegration" title="osseointegration">osseointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limb%20lengthening" title=" limb lengthening"> limb lengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amputation" title=" amputation"> amputation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168461/osseointegration-outcomes-following-amputee-lengthening" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Study of Stability of a Slope by the Soil Nailed Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhak%20Soudani">Abdelhak Soudani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using the limit equilibrium method in geotechnical field is very important for large projects. This work contributes to the understanding and analysis of the building unstable slopes by the technique of soil nailed with the used of software called GEO-SLOPE calculation based on limit equilibrium method. To achieve our objective, we began a review of the literature on landslides, and techniques of slope stability. Then, we presented a real case slope likely to slip through the realization of the EastWest Highway (M5 stretch between Khemis Miliana and Hoceinia). We also process the application of reinforcement technique nailed soil. The analysis is followed by a parametric study, which shows the impact of parameters given or chosen on various outcomes. Another method of reinforcement (use of micro-piles) has been suggested for improving the stability of the slope <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title="slope stability">slope stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip" title=" slip"> slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20nail" title=" soil nail"> soil nail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GEO-SLOPE" title=" GEO-SLOPE"> GEO-SLOPE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24455/study-of-stability-of-a-slope-by-the-soil-nailed-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> The Effects of Signal Level of the Microwave Generator on the Brillouin Gain Spectrum in BOTDA and BOTDR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Yucel">Murat Yucel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Yucel"> Murat Yucel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nail%20Ferhat%20Ozturk"> Nail Ferhat Ozturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halim%20Haldun%20Goktas"> Halim Haldun Goktas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cemal%20Gemci"> Cemal Gemci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20Vehbi%20Celebi"> Fatih Vehbi Celebi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) is experimentally analyzed in the Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) and Brillouin optical time domain analyzer (BOTDA). For this purpose, the signal level of the microwave generator is varied and the effects of BGS are investigated. In the setups, 20 km conventional single mode fiber is used to both setups and laser wavelengths are selected around 1550 nm. To achieve best results, it can be used between 5 dBm to 15 dBm signal level of microwave generator for BOTDA and BOTDR setups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20signal%20level" title="microwave signal level">microwave signal level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brillouin%20gain%20spectrum" title=" Brillouin gain spectrum"> Brillouin gain spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BOTDA" title=" BOTDA"> BOTDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BOTDR" title=" BOTDR"> BOTDR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35057/the-effects-of-signal-level-of-the-microwave-generator-on-the-brillouin-gain-spectrum-in-botda-and-botdr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">688</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> A Study on the Small Biped Soft Robot with Two Insect-Like Nails</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mami%20Nishida">Mami Nishida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presented a study on the development and control of a small biped soft robot using shape memory alloys (SMAs). Author proposed a flexible flat plate (FFP) actuators consisting of a thin　polyethylene plate and SMAs. This actuator has a nail like an insect. This robot moves from the front to back and from left to right using two nails. The walking robot has two degrees of freedom and is controlled by switching the ON-OFF current signals to the SMA based FFPs. The resulting small biped soft robot weighs a mere 4.7 g (with a height of 67 mm). The small robot realizes biped walking by transferring the elastic potential energy (generated by deflections of the SMA based FFPs) to kinematic energy. Experimental results demonstrated the viability and utility of the small biped soft robot with the proposed SMA-based FFPs and the control strategy to achieve walking behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biped%20soft%20robot%20with%20nails" title="biped soft robot with nails">biped soft robot with nails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20flat%20plate%20%28FFP%29%20actuators" title=" flexible flat plate (FFP) actuators"> flexible flat plate (FFP) actuators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ON-OFF%20control%20strategy" title=" ON-OFF control strategy"> ON-OFF control strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20memory%20alloys%20%28SMA%29" title=" shape memory alloys (SMA)"> shape memory alloys (SMA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12242/a-study-on-the-small-biped-soft-robot-with-two-insect-like-nails" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Research on the Strategy of Old City Reconstruction under Market Orientation: Taking Mutoulong Community in Shenzhen as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziwei%20Huang">Ziwei Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to promote Inventory development in Shenzhen, the market-oriented real estate development mode has occupied a dominant position in the urban renewal activities of Shenzhen. This research is based on the theory of role relationship and urban regime, taking the Mutoulong community as the research object. Carries on the case depth analysis found that: Under the situation of absence and dislocation of the government's role, land property rights disputes and lack of communication platforms is the main reason for the problems of nail households and market failures, and the long-term delay in the progress of old city reconstruction. Through the analysis of the cause of the transformation problem and the upper planning and interest coordination mechanism, the optimization strategy of the old city transformation is finally proposed as follows: the establishment of interest coordination platform, the risk assessment of the government's intervention in the preliminary construction of the land, the adaptive construction of laws and regulations, and the re-examination of the interest relationship between the government and the market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shenzhen%20city" title="Shenzhen city">Shenzhen city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mutoulong%20community" title=" Mutoulong community"> Mutoulong community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20regeneration" title=" urban regeneration"> urban regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20regime%20theory" title=" urban regime theory"> urban regime theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=role%20relationship%20theory" title=" role relationship theory"> role relationship theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146412/research-on-the-strategy-of-old-city-reconstruction-under-market-orientation-taking-mutoulong-community-in-shenzhen-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Hybrid Fixation in Management of Proximal Diaphyseal Forearm Bone Fractures in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Aly">Tarek Aly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Maintenance of the length, providing rotational stability, and preserving functional range of forearm motion is the mainstay of both bone forearm fractures treatment. Conservative treatment in older children may lead to malunion with poor remodeling capacity. Recent studies emphasized that the rate of complications with IM nailing was obviously increased in old children. Open reduction and internal fixation have been criticized for the amount of soft tissue dissection and periosteal stripping needed for fixation and excessive scar formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of hybrid fixation in the treatment of closed proximal radius and ulna fractures in adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age. Patients and Methods: 30 cases of diaphyseal both bone forearm fractures treated with hybrid fixation (Nail radius – Plate ulna) and were available for a follow-up period of fewer than 24 months. Results: Clinically, 72% of cases had an excellent function, 22% had a good function, 4% had a fair function, and 2% had a poor function. Radiologically, signs of the union had appeared in the radius 2weeks earlier than in the ulna in 55% of cases. Conclusion: A hybrid fixation technique in adolescent proximal both-bones forearm fractures could be a viable option in managing these injuries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyprid%20fixation" title="hyprid fixation">hyprid fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=both%20bones" title=" both bones"> both bones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forearm" title=" forearm"> forearm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractures" title=" fractures"> fractures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149793/hybrid-fixation-in-management-of-proximal-diaphyseal-forearm-bone-fractures-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Detection of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Cutaneous Psoriatic Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20A.%20R.%20Soudan">Rania A. R. Soudan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Easter%20Joury"> Easter Joury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Psoriasis is a common chronic dermatologic disease. It may affect the mucous membranes. The presence of oral mucosal lesions has been a subject of controversy. The aim: To determine possible association between oral mucosal lesions and psoriasis, and to correlate the same with different types of psoriasis and severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: The oral mucosa was clinically examined in 100 randomly selected Syrian psoriatic patients presented to the Dermatological Diseases Hospital in Damascus University, Syria (February 2009 - December 2010), and in 100 matched controls. PASI index was used to evaluate the disease severity. Chi-square and Student t-test were used to compare differences between groups. Results: Oral mucosal lesions were observed in 72% of the psoriasis cases, while 46% of the control group’s subjects had oral lesions. Fissured tongue, geographic tongue, and red lesions were detected in 36%, 25%, and 7% of the examined psoriatics, respectively. These lesions were significantly more frequent in the psoriatics than in the controls. A correlation was found between furred tongue and the age of the psoriasis patients. However, an association was observed for fissured tongue, furred tongue with the severity of the disease, and for fissured tongue, white lesions, cheilitis with nail involvement. However, no correlation with the psoriasis types was recorded. Conclusion: Some oral mucosal lesions were associated with psoriasis, so these lesions may be considered as oral manifestations of this disease, and should be taken into account in new studies as possible predictors or markers of this dermatitis. Further studies are recommended to confirm these oral manifestations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psoriasis" title="psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tongue" title=" tongue"> tongue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosa" title=" mucosa"> mucosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lesions" title=" lesions"> lesions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6154/detection-of-oral-mucosal-lesions-in-cutaneous-psoriatic-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> The Actoprotective Efficiency of Pyrimidine Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nail%20Nazarov">Nail Nazarov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Zobov"> Vladimir Zobov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Vyshtakalyuk"> Alexandra Vyshtakalyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vyacheslav%20Semenov"> Vyacheslav Semenov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Galyametdinova"> Irina Galyametdinova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Reznik"> Vladimir Reznik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There have been studied effects of xymedon and six new pyrimidine derivatives, that are close and distant analogs of xymedon, on rats' working capacity in the test 'swimming to failure'. It has been shown that a single administration of the studied compounds did not have a statistically significant effect in the test. In the conditions of multiple intraperitoneal administration of the studied pyrimidine derivatives, the compound L-ascorbate, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4.6-dimethyl-1.2-dihydropyrimidine-2-one had the lowest toxicity and the most pronounced actoprotective effect. Introduction in the dose of 20 mg/kg caused a statistically significant increase 440 % in the duration of swimming of rats on the 14th day of the experiment compared with the control group. Multiple administration of the compound in the conditions of physical load did not affect leucopoiesis but stimulates erythropoiesis resulting in an increase in the number of erythrocytes and a hemoglobin level. The substance introduction under mixed exhausting loads prevented such changes of blood biochemical parameters as reduction of glucose, increased of urea and lactic acid levels, what indicates improvement in the animals' tolerability of loads and an anti-catabolic effect of the compound. Absence of hepato and cardiotoxic effects of the substance has been shown. This work was performed with the financial support of Russian Science Foundation (grant № 14-50-00014). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actoprotectors" title="actoprotectors">actoprotectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20working%20capacity" title=" physical working capacity"> physical working capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrimidine%20derivatives" title=" pyrimidine derivatives"> pyrimidine derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xymedon" title=" xymedon"> xymedon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70085/the-actoprotective-efficiency-of-pyrimidine-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among Diabetic Patients About Diabetic Foot Disease in Khartoum State Primary Health Care Centers, November 2022</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrar%20Noorain">Abrar Noorain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeinab%20Amara"> Zeinab Amara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaf%20Abdelaziz"> Sulaf Abdelaziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Diabetic foot disease imposes a financial burden on diabetic patients and healthcare services. In Sudan, diabetic foot ulcer prevalence reached 18.1%. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices and the correlation between the level of foot care knowledge and self-care practices among diabetic patients in Sudan. Methodology: In a cross-sectional study involving 262 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes attending diabetic clinics in three primary care centers in Khartoum, Sudan, during September to November 2022, information regarding participants sociodemographic status, foot care knowledge, attitudes, and practices was gathered using a validated, structured questionnaire in a face-to-face interview method. These data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 22. Results: The patients’ mean age was 54.9 years, with a female predominance (56%). Of the participants, 37% had diabetes mellitus for over ten years. On the topic of foot care, 35.5% of patients showed good knowledge, and 76% were aware of the risk of reduced foot sensation. In relation to nail care, only 19% knew how to cut nails correctly. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about diabetic foot care are substandard. There is a positive correlation between foot care knowledge and self-care practices. Hence, educating diabetic patients with foot care knowledge through an awareness program and the characteristics of diabetic shoes may improve self-care practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DM" title="DM">DM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFD" title=" DFD"> DFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFU" title=" DFU"> DFU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PHC" title=" PHC"> PHC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPSS" title=" SPSS"> SPSS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173620/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-among-diabetic-patients-about-diabetic-foot-disease-in-khartoum-state-primary-health-care-centers-november-2022" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Surgical Prep-Related Burns in Laterally Positioned Hip Procedures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Kenny">B. Kenny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%20Dixon"> M. Dixon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Boshell"> A. Boshell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of alcoholic surgical prep was recently introduced into the Royal Newcastle Center for elective procedures. In the past 3 months there have been a significant number of burns believed to be related to ‘pooling’ of this surgical prep in patients undergoing procedures where they are placed in the lateral position with hip bolsters. The aim of the audit was to determine the reason for the burns, analyze what pre-existing factors may contribute to the development of the burns and what can be changed to prevent further burns occurring. All patients undergoing a procedure performed on the hip who were placed in the lateral position with sacral and anterior, superior iliac spine (ASIS) support with ‘bolsters’ were included in the audit. Patients who developed a ‘burn’ were recorded, details of the surgery, demographics, surgical prep used and length of surgery were obtained as well as photographs taken to document the burn. Measures were then taken to prevent further burns and the efficacy was documented. Overall 14 patients developed burns over the ipsilateral ASIS. Of these, 13 were Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and 1 was a removal of femoral nail. All patients had Chlorhexidine 0.5% in Alcohol 70% Tinted Red surgical preparation or Betadine Alcoholic Skin Prep (70% etoh). Patients were set up in the standard lateral decubitus position with sacral and bilateral ASIS bolsters with a valband covering. 86% of patients were found to have pre-existing hypersensitivities to various substances. There is very little literature besides a few case reports on surgical prep-related burns. The case reports that do exist are related to the use of tourniquet-related burns and there is no mention in the literature examining ‘bolster’ related burns. The burns are hypothesized to be caused by pooling of the alcoholic solution which is amplified by the use of Valband. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arthroplasty" title="arthroplasty">arthroplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20burns" title=" chemical burns"> chemical burns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wounds" title=" wounds"> wounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20980/surgical-prep-related-burns-in-laterally-positioned-hip-procedures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Comparison of Microleakage of Composite Restorations Using Fifth and Seventh Generation of Bonding Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karina%20Nabilla">Karina Nabilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dedi%20Sumantri"> Dedi Sumantri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20T.%20Rizal"> Nurul T. Rizal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20H.%20Yavitha"> Siti H. Yavitha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Composite resin is the most frequently used material for restoring teeth, but still failure cases are seen which leading to microleakage. Microleakage might be attributed to various factors, one of them is bonding agent. Various generations of bonding agents have been introduced to overcome the microleakage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of composite restorations using the fifth and seventh bonding agent. Methods: Class I cavities (3X2X2 mm) were prepared on the occlusal surfaces of 32 human upper premolars. Teeth were classified into two groups according to the type of bonding agent used (n =16). Group I: Fifth Generation of Bonding Agent-Adper Single Bond2. Group II: Seventh Generation of Bonding Agent-Single Bond Universal. All cavities were restored with Filtek Z250 XT composite resin, stored in sterile aquades water at 370C for 24 h. The root apices were sealed with sticky wax, and all the surfaces, except for 2 mm from the margins, were coated with nail varnish. The teeth were immersed in a 1% methylene blue dye solution for 24 h, and then rinsed in running water, blot-dried and sectioned longitudinally through the center of restorations from the buccal to palatal surface. The sections were blindly assessed for microleakage of dye penetration by using a stereomicroscope. Dye penetration along margin was measured in µm then calculated into the percentage and classified into scoring system 1 to 3. Data were collected and statistically analyzed by Chi-Square test. Result: There was no significant difference (p > 0,05) between two groups. Conclusion: Fifth generation of bonding agent revealed less leakage compared to the seventh generation even statistically there was no significant difference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20restoration" title="composite restoration">composite restoration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fifth%20generation%20of%20bonding%20agent" title=" fifth generation of bonding agent"> fifth generation of bonding agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microleakage" title=" microleakage"> microleakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seventh%20generation%20of%20bonding%20agent" title=" seventh generation of bonding agent"> seventh generation of bonding agent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73965/comparison-of-microleakage-of-composite-restorations-using-fifth-and-seventh-generation-of-bonding-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Evaluation of Firearm Injury Syndromic Surveillance in Utah</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Bennion">E. Bennion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Acharya"> A. Acharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Barnes"> S. Barnes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ferrell"> D. Ferrell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Luckett-Cole"> S. Luckett-Cole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Mower"> G. Mower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Nelson"> J. Nelson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Nguyen"> Y. Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the validity of a firearm injury query in the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics syndromic surveillance system. Syndromic surveillance data are used at the Utah Department of Health for early detection of and rapid response to unusually high rates of violence and injury, among other health outcomes. The query of interest was defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and used chief complaint and discharge diagnosis codes to capture initial emergency department encounters for firearm injury of all intents. Design: Two epidemiologists manually reviewed electronic health records of emergency department visits captured by the query from April-May 2020, compared results, and sent conflicting determinations to two arbiters. Results: Of the 85 unique records captured, 67 were deemed probable, 19 were ruled out, and two were undetermined, resulting in a positive predictive value of 75.3%. Common reasons for false positives included non-initial encounters and misleading keywords. Conclusion: Improving the validity of syndromic surveillance data would better inform outbreak response decisions made by state and local health departments. The firearm injury definition could be refined to exclude non-initial encounters by negating words such as “last month,” “last week,” and “aftercare”; and to exclude non-firearm injury by negating words such as “pellet gun,” “air gun,” “nail gun,” “bullet bike,” and “exit wound” when a firearm is not mentioned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title="evaluation">evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20information%20system" title=" health information system"> health information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firearm%20injury" title=" firearm injury"> firearm injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syndromic%20surveillance" title=" syndromic surveillance"> syndromic surveillance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143199/evaluation-of-firearm-injury-syndromic-surveillance-in-utah" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Enhanced Anti-Dermatophytic Effect of Nanoparticles Stimulated by Laser and Cold Plasma Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salama%20A.%20Ouf">Salama A. Ouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amera%20A.%20El-Adly"> Amera A. El-Adly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaleam%20H.%20Mohamed"> Abdelaleam H. Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dermatophytosis is the infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, nail and the stratum corneum of the skin by dermatophytic fungi. Infection is generally cutaneous and restricted to the non-living cornified layers because of the inability of the fungi to penetrate the deeper tissues or organs of immunocompetent hosts. In Saudi Arabia, Onychomycosis is the most frequent infection (40.3%), followed by tinea capitis (21.9%), tinea pedis (16%), tinea cruris (15.1%), and tinea corporis (6.7%). Several azole compounds have been tried to control dermatophytic infection, however, the azole-containing medicines may interfere with the activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes, sex and thyroid hormones, and testosterone biosynthesis. In this research, antibody-conjugated nanoparticles stimulated by cold plasma and laser were evaluated in vitro against some dermatophytes isolated from the common types of tinea. Different types of nanomaterials were tested but silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were proved to be most effective against the dermatophytes under test. The use of cold plasma coupled with antibody-conjugated nano-particles has severe impact on dermatophytes where the inhibition of growth, spore germination keratinase activity was more than 88% in the case of Trichophyton rubrum, T. violaceum, Microsprum canis and M. gypseum. Complete inhibition of growth for all dermatophytes was brought about by the interaction of conjugated nanoparticles, with cold plasma and laser treatment. The in vivo test with inoculated guinea pigs achieved promising results where the recovery from the infection reached 95% in the case of M. canis –inoculated pigs treated with AgNPs pretreated with cold plasma and laser. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20plasma" title="cold plasma">cold plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatophytes" title=" dermatophytes"> dermatophytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title=" laser"> laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles "> silver nanoparticles </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28519/enhanced-anti-dermatophytic-effect-of-nanoparticles-stimulated-by-laser-and-cold-plasma-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Hepatoprotective Assessment of L-Ascorbate 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4,6-Dimethyl-1, 2-Dihydropyrimidine-2-On Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nail%20Nazarov">Nail Nazarov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Vyshtakalyuk"> Alexandra Vyshtakalyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vyacheslav%20Semenov"> Vyacheslav Semenov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Galyametdinova"> Irina Galyametdinova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Zobov"> Vladimir Zobov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Reznik"> Vladimir Reznik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among hepatic pyrimidine used as a means of stimulating protein synthesis and recovery of liver cells in her damaged toxic and infectious etiology. When an experimental toxic hepatitis hepatoprotective activity detected some pyrimidine derivatives. There are literature data on oksimetiluratcila hepatoprotective effect. For analogs of pyrimidine nucleobases - drugs Methyluracilum pentoxy and hepatoprotective effect of weakly expressed. According to the American scientists broad spectrum of biological activity, including hepatoprotective properties, have a 2,4-dioxo-5-arilidenimino uracils. Influenced Xymedon medicinal preparation (1- (beta-hydroxyethyl) -4,6-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oksopirimidin) developed as a means of stimulating the regeneration of tissue revealed increased activity of microsomal oxidases human liver. In studies on the model of toxic liver damage in rats have shown hepatoprotective effect xymedon and stimulating its impact on the recovery of the liver tissue. Hepatoprotective properties of the new compound in the series of pyrimidine derivatives L-ascorbate 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,6-dimethyl-1,2-dihydropirimidine-2-one synthesized on the basis Xymedon preparation were firstly investigated on rats under the carbon tetrachloride action. It was shown the differences of biochemical parameters from the reference value and severity of structural-morphological liver violations decreased in comparison with control group under the influence of the compound injected before exposure carbon tetrachloride. Hepatoprotective properties of the investigated compound were more pronounced in comparison with Xymedon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatoprotectors" title="hepatoprotectors">hepatoprotectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrimidine%20derivatives" title=" pyrimidine derivatives"> pyrimidine derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20liver%20damage" title=" toxic liver damage"> toxic liver damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xymedon" title=" xymedon"> xymedon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66545/hepatoprotective-assessment-of-l-ascorbate-1-2-hydroxyethyl-46-dimethyl-1-2-dihydropyrimidine-2-on-exposure-to-carbon-tetrachloride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Total Life Cycle Cost and Life Cycle Assessment of Mass Timber Buildings in the US</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongmei%20Gu">Hongmei Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaobo%20Liang"> Shaobo Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Bergman"> Richard Bergman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With current worldwide trend in designs to have net-zero emission buildings to mitigate climate change, widespread use of mass timber products, such as Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), or Nail Laminated Timber (NLT) or Dowel Laminated Timber (DLT) in buildings have been proposed as one approach in reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Consequentially, mass timber building designs are being adopted more and more by architectures in North America, especially for mid- to high-rise buildings where concrete and steel buildings are currently prevalent, but traditional light-frame wood buildings are not. Wood buildings and their associated wood products have tended to have lower environmental impacts than competing energy-intensive materials. It is common practice to conduct life cycle assessments (LCAs) and life cycle cost analyses on buildings with traditional structural materials like concrete and steel in the building design process. Mass timber buildings with lower environmental impacts, especially GHG emissions, can contribute to the Net Zero-emission goal for the world-building sector. However, the economic impacts from CLT mass timber buildings still vary from the life-cycle cost perspective and environmental trade-offs associated with GHG emissions. This paper quantified the Total Life Cycle Cost and cradle-to-grave GHG emissions of a pre-designed CLT mass timber building and compared it to a functionally-equivalent concrete building. The Total life cycle Eco-cost-efficiency is defined in this study and calculated to discuss the trade-offs for the net-zero emission buildings in a holistic view for both environmental and economic impacts. Mass timber used in buildings for the United States is targeted to the materials from the nation’s sustainable managed forest in order to benefit both national and global environments and economies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG" title="GHG">GHG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impact" title=" economic impact"> economic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-cost-efficiency" title=" eco-cost-efficiency"> eco-cost-efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20life-cycle%20costs" title=" total life-cycle costs"> total life-cycle costs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110406/total-life-cycle-cost-and-life-cycle-assessment-of-mass-timber-buildings-in-the-us" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> A Five–Year Review Study of Epidemiology of Ocular and Adnexal Injuries Requiring Surgical Intervention in a Middle Eastern Area: Al Ain, UAE</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahra%20AlMahmoud">Tahra AlMahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameeha%20Mohamed%20Al%20Hadhrami"> Sameeha Mohamed Al Hadhrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20%20Elhanan"> Mohamed Elhanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Naser%20Alshamsi"> Hanan Naser Alshamsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fikri%20Abu-Zidan"> Fikri Abu-Zidan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: To the best of the author(s)’ knowledge there are no epidemiological studies for traumatic eye injuries in UAE, neither data on groups at risk or mechanisms for ocular trauma. Purpose: To report the epidemiology of eye injuries that required hospital admission and surgery at a referral center at the eastern part of Abu Dhabi. Method: Retrospective charts review of all patients who had suffered an eye injury that required surgical intervention between 2012 and 2017 at Al Ain Hospital. Demographic data, place of occurrence, the cause of injury, visual acuity (VA) before and after treatment, number of admission days and follow up were extracted. Data were tabulated and presented as number (%), mean (SD), or median (range) as appropriate. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for VA outcome. Results: One hundred forty-one patients were identified, 96 eyes with open-globe and 48 other types of injuries. The mean age of the patients was 26±15.5 years, and 89% were male. Majority of injuries occurred at the workplace (50.4%) followed by home (31.2%). Trauma with a sharp object (24.1%), blunt object (16.3%), nail (11.3%), and hammer on metal (7.8%) were the most common etiologies of injury. Corneas injuries (48.2%) was the most frequent cause for visual acuity limitation followed by lens/cataract (23.4%). Among the traumatized eyes, 30 eyes (21.3%) retained intraocular foreign body, Mean admission days was 3.16± 2.81days (1-16) and a number of follow up visit was 3.17± 4.11times (0-26). Conclusion: Ocular trauma requiring surgical intervention is an area of concern in particular for occupations involving work with metals. This work may give insight into the value and necessity of implementing preventive measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title="epidemiology">epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20Eastern%20area" title=" Middle Eastern area"> Middle Eastern area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20injury" title=" occupational injury"> occupational injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocular%20traumas" title=" ocular traumas"> ocular traumas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95087/a-five-year-review-study-of-epidemiology-of-ocular-and-adnexal-injuries-requiring-surgical-intervention-in-a-middle-eastern-area-al-ain-uae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nail&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nail&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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