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id="toc-1789_–_The_Revolution_Begins;_the_Estates-General_and_the_Constituent_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1789_–_The_Revolution_Begins;_the_Estates-General_and_the_Constituent_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>1789 – The Revolution Begins; the Estates-General and the Constituent Assembly</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1789_–_The_Revolution_Begins;_the_Estates-General_and_the_Constituent_Assembly-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1789 – The Revolution Begins; the Estates-General and the Constituent Assembly subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1789_–_The_Revolution_Begins;_the_Estates-General_and_the_Constituent_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-July_14,_1789_–_The_Siege_and_Surrender_of_the_Bastille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_14,_1789_–_The_Siege_and_Surrender_of_the_Bastille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>July 14, 1789 – The Siege and Surrender of the Bastille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_14,_1789_–_The_Siege_and_Surrender_of_the_Bastille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_27,_1789_–_Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_27,_1789_–_Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>August 27, 1789 – Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_27,_1789_–_Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_4,_1789_–_Women's_March_on_Versailles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_4,_1789_–_Women's_March_on_Versailles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>October 4, 1789 – Women's March on Versailles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_4,_1789_–_Women's_March_on_Versailles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1790_–_the_Rise_of_the_Political_Clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1790_–_the_Rise_of_the_Political_Clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>1790 – the Rise of the Political Clubs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1790_–_the_Rise_of_the_Political_Clubs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1790 – the Rise of the Political Clubs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1790_–_the_Rise_of_the_Political_Clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-July_14,_1790_–_Fête_de_la_Fédération" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_14,_1790_–_Fête_de_la_Fédération"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>July 14, 1790 – <i>Fête de la Fédération</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_14,_1790_–_Fête_de_la_Fédération-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1791_–_The_unsuccessful_flight_of_the_Royal_Family_from_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1791_–_The_unsuccessful_flight_of_the_Royal_Family_from_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>1791 – The unsuccessful flight of the Royal Family from Paris</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1791_–_The_unsuccessful_flight_of_the_Royal_Family_from_Paris-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1791 – The unsuccessful flight of the Royal Family from Paris subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1791_–_The_unsuccessful_flight_of_the_Royal_Family_from_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-June_20–21,_1791_–_The_Royal_Family_flees_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_20–21,_1791_–_The_Royal_Family_flees_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>June 20–21, 1791 – The Royal Family flees Paris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_20–21,_1791_–_The_Royal_Family_flees_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1792_–_War_and_the_overthrow_of_the_monarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1792_–_War_and_the_overthrow_of_the_monarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>1792 – War and the overthrow of the monarchy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1792_–_War_and_the_overthrow_of_the_monarchy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1792 – War and the overthrow of the monarchy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1792_–_War_and_the_overthrow_of_the_monarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-August_10,_1792_–_Storming_of_the_Tuileries;_Downfall_of_the_King" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_10,_1792_–_Storming_of_the_Tuileries;_Downfall_of_the_King"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>August 10, 1792 – Storming of the Tuileries; Downfall of the King</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_10,_1792_–_Storming_of_the_Tuileries;_Downfall_of_the_King-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_2–7,_1792_–_Massacres_in_Paris_prisons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_2–7,_1792_–_Massacres_in_Paris_prisons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>September 2–7, 1792 – Massacres in Paris prisons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_2–7,_1792_–_Massacres_in_Paris_prisons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_20,_1792_–_French_victory_at_Valmy;_Debut_of_the_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_20,_1792_–_French_victory_at_Valmy;_Debut_of_the_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>September 20, 1792 – French victory at Valmy; Debut of the Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_20,_1792_–_French_victory_at_Valmy;_Debut_of_the_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_10,_1792_–_January_21,_1793_–_Trial_and_Execution_of_Louis_XVI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_10,_1792_–_January_21,_1793_–_Trial_and_Execution_of_Louis_XVI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>December 10, 1792 – January 21, 1793 – Trial and Execution of Louis XVI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_10,_1792_–_January_21,_1793_–_Trial_and_Execution_of_Louis_XVI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1793_–_France_at_war_against_Europe;_The_Jacobins_seize_power;_The_Terror_begins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1793_–_France_at_war_against_Europe;_The_Jacobins_seize_power;_The_Terror_begins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>1793 – France at war against Europe; The Jacobins seize power; The Terror begins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1793_–_France_at_war_against_Europe;_The_Jacobins_seize_power;_The_Terror_begins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1793 – France at war against Europe; The Jacobins seize power; The Terror begins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1793_–_France_at_war_against_Europe;_The_Jacobins_seize_power;_The_Terror_begins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uprising_in_the_Vendée" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uprising_in_the_Vendée"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Uprising in the Vendée</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uprising_in_the_Vendée-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_6_–_May_30,_1793_-_Committee_on_Public_Safety_takes_control_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_6_–_May_30,_1793_-_Committee_on_Public_Safety_takes_control_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>April 6 – May 30, 1793 - Committee on Public Safety takes control of government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_6_–_May_30,_1793_-_Committee_on_Public_Safety_takes_control_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_31_–_June_2,_1793_–_The_Montagnard_Coup_d'État" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_31_–_June_2,_1793_–_The_Montagnard_Coup_d'État"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>May 31 – June 2, 1793 – The Montagnard Coup d'État</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_31_–_June_2,_1793_–_The_Montagnard_Coup_d'État-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_13,_1793_–_Assassination_of_Jean-Paul_Marat_by_Charlotte_Corday" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_13,_1793_–_Assassination_of_Jean-Paul_Marat_by_Charlotte_Corday"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>July 13, 1793 – Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat by Charlotte Corday</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_13,_1793_–_Assassination_of_Jean-Paul_Marat_by_Charlotte_Corday-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_17,_1793_–_The_Reign_of_Terror_begins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_17,_1793_–_The_Reign_of_Terror_begins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>September 17, 1793 – The Reign of Terror begins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_17,_1793_–_The_Reign_of_Terror_begins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_16,_1793_–_The_execution_of_Marie-Antoinette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_16,_1793_–_The_execution_of_Marie-Antoinette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>October 16, 1793 – The execution of Marie-Antoinette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_16,_1793_–_The_execution_of_Marie-Antoinette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1794_–_The_fury_of_the_Terror_or,_the_Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being,_and_the_Downfall_of_Robespierre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1794_–_The_fury_of_the_Terror_or,_the_Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being,_and_the_Downfall_of_Robespierre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>1794 – The fury of the Terror or, the Cult of the Supreme Being, and the Downfall of Robespierre</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1794_–_The_fury_of_the_Terror_or,_the_Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being,_and_the_Downfall_of_Robespierre-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1794 – The fury of the Terror or, the Cult of the Supreme Being, and the Downfall of Robespierre subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1794_–_The_fury_of_the_Terror_or,_the_Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being,_and_the_Downfall_of_Robespierre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-March_30,_1794_–_The_arrest_and_trial_of_Danton_and_Desmoulins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_30,_1794_–_The_arrest_and_trial_of_Danton_and_Desmoulins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>March 30, 1794 – The arrest and trial of Danton and Desmoulins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_30,_1794_–_The_arrest_and_trial_of_Danton_and_Desmoulins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_10,_1794_-_Louis_XVI's_Sister,_Madame_Élisabeth_is_Executed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_10,_1794_-_Louis_XVI's_Sister,_Madame_Élisabeth_is_Executed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>May 10, 1794 - Louis XVI's Sister, Madame Élisabeth is Executed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_10,_1794_-_Louis_XVI's_Sister,_Madame_Élisabeth_is_Executed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_8,_1794_–_Festival_of_the_Supreme_Being;_Acceleration_of_the_Terror" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_8,_1794_–_Festival_of_the_Supreme_Being;_Acceleration_of_the_Terror"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>June 8, 1794 – Festival of the Supreme Being; Acceleration of the Terror</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_8,_1794_–_Festival_of_the_Supreme_Being;_Acceleration_of_the_Terror-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_26–28,_1794_–_Arrest_and_execution_of_Robespierre;_End_of_the_Terror" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_26–28,_1794_–_Arrest_and_execution_of_Robespierre;_End_of_the_Terror"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>July 26–28, 1794 – Arrest and execution of Robespierre; End of the Terror</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_26–28,_1794_–_Arrest_and_execution_of_Robespierre;_End_of_the_Terror-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1795_–_The_Directory_Replaces_the_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1795_–_The_Directory_Replaces_the_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>1795 – The Directory Replaces the Convention</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1795_–_The_Directory_Replaces_the_Convention-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1795 – The Directory Replaces the Convention subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1795_–_The_Directory_Replaces_the_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-May_20–24,_1795_–_Last_Paris_uprising_by_the_Jacobins_and_sans-culottes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_20–24,_1795_–_Last_Paris_uprising_by_the_Jacobins_and_sans-culottes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>May 20–24, 1795 – Last Paris uprising by the Jacobins and <i>sans-culottes</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_20–24,_1795_–_Last_Paris_uprising_by_the_Jacobins_and_sans-culottes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_25_–_July_27,_1795_–_Renewed_uprisings_in_the_Vendée_and_a_royalist_invasion_of_Brittany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_25_–_July_27,_1795_–_Renewed_uprisings_in_the_Vendée_and_a_royalist_invasion_of_Brittany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>June 25 – July 27, 1795 – Renewed uprisings in the Vendée and a royalist invasion of Brittany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_25_–_July_27,_1795_–_Renewed_uprisings_in_the_Vendée_and_a_royalist_invasion_of_Brittany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_22_–_September_23,_1795_–_The_new_Constitution_is_approved:_the_Directory_takes_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_22_–_September_23,_1795_–_The_new_Constitution_is_approved:_the_Directory_takes_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>August 22 – September 23, 1795 – The new Constitution is approved: the Directory takes power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_22_–_September_23,_1795_–_The_new_Constitution_is_approved:_the_Directory_takes_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_5,_1795_–_"A_whiff_of_grapeshot":_General_Bonaparte_suppresses_a_royalist_rebellion_in_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_5,_1795_–_"A_whiff_of_grapeshot":_General_Bonaparte_suppresses_a_royalist_rebellion_in_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>October 5, 1795 – "A whiff of grapeshot": General Bonaparte suppresses a royalist rebellion in Paris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_5,_1795_–_"A_whiff_of_grapeshot":_General_Bonaparte_suppresses_a_royalist_rebellion_in_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1796_–_Napoleon's_campaign_in_Italy;_Defeat_of_the_royalists_in_the_Vendée;_a_failed_uprising_in_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1796_–_Napoleon's_campaign_in_Italy;_Defeat_of_the_royalists_in_the_Vendée;_a_failed_uprising_in_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>1796 – Napoleon's campaign in Italy; Defeat of the royalists in the Vendée; a failed uprising in Paris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1796_–_Napoleon's_campaign_in_Italy;_Defeat_of_the_royalists_in_the_Vendée;_a_failed_uprising_in_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1797_–_Bonaparte_chases_the_Austrians_from_Italy;_a_republican_coup_d'état_against_the_royalists_in_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1797_–_Bonaparte_chases_the_Austrians_from_Italy;_a_republican_coup_d'état_against_the_royalists_in_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>1797 – Bonaparte chases the Austrians from Italy; a republican coup d'état against the royalists in Paris</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1797_–_Bonaparte_chases_the_Austrians_from_Italy;_a_republican_coup_d'état_against_the_royalists_in_Paris-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1797 – Bonaparte chases the Austrians from Italy; a republican coup d'état against the royalists in Paris subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1797_–_Bonaparte_chases_the_Austrians_from_Italy;_a_republican_coup_d'état_against_the_royalists_in_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-September_4,_1797_–_A_republican_coup_d'état_against_the_royalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_4,_1797_–_A_republican_coup_d'état_against_the_royalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>September 4, 1797 – A republican coup d'état against the royalists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_4,_1797_–_A_republican_coup_d'état_against_the_royalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1798_–_New_republics_in_Switzerland_and_Italy;_an_election_annulled;_Bonaparte_invades_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1798_–_New_republics_in_Switzerland_and_Italy;_an_election_annulled;_Bonaparte_invades_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>1798 – New republics in Switzerland and Italy; an election annulled; Bonaparte invades Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1798_–_New_republics_in_Switzerland_and_Italy;_an_election_annulled;_Bonaparte_invades_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1799_–_France_at_War_in_Italy_and_Germany;_Bonaparte_returns_from_Egypt;_the_Consulate_seizes_power;_End_of_the_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1799_–_France_at_War_in_Italy_and_Germany;_Bonaparte_returns_from_Egypt;_the_Consulate_seizes_power;_End_of_the_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>1799 – France at War in Italy and Germany; Bonaparte returns from Egypt; the Consulate seizes power; End of the Revolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1799_–_France_at_War_in_Italy_and_Germany;_Bonaparte_returns_from_Egypt;_the_Consulate_seizes_power;_End_of_the_Revolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1799 – France at War in Italy and Germany; Bonaparte returns from Egypt; the Consulate seizes power; End of the Revolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1799_–_France_at_War_in_Italy_and_Germany;_Bonaparte_returns_from_Egypt;_the_Consulate_seizes_power;_End_of_the_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conflicts_between_the_Directory_and_the_Legislature_(June_1799)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflicts_between_the_Directory_and_the_Legislature_(June_1799)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Conflicts between the Directory and the Legislature (June 1799)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflicts_between_the_Directory_and_the_Legislature_(June_1799)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bonaparte_returns_to_France_(October_9,_1799)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bonaparte_returns_to_France_(October_9,_1799)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Bonaparte returns to France (October 9, 1799)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bonaparte_returns_to_France_(October_9,_1799)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Coup_d'État_of_November_9–10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Coup_d'État_of_November_9–10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>The Coup d'État of November 9–10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Coup_d'État_of_November_9–10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes_and_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Notes and citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_French" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.3</span> <span>In French</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the French Revolution</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="خط زمني للثورة الفرنسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خط زمني للثورة الفرنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82_1789_%D0%B3." title="Хронология на Френската революция от 1789 г. – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хронология на Френската революция от 1789 г." data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidslinje_for_den_franske_revolution" title="Tidslinje for den franske revolution – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tidslinje for den franske revolution" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeittafel_zur_Franz%C3%B6sischen_Revolution" title="Zeittafel zur Französischen Revolution – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zeittafel zur Französischen Revolution" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Χρονολόγιο της Γαλλικής Επανάστασης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χρονολόγιο της Γαλλικής Επανάστασης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Cronolog%C3%ADa_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_francesa" title="Anexo:Cronología de la Revolución francesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Cronología de la Revolución francesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronologie_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Chronologie de la Révolution française – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chronologie de la Révolution française" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" title="프랑스 혁명 연표 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 혁명 연표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronologia_della_Rivoluzione_francese" title="Cronologia della Rivoluzione francese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cronologia della Rivoluzione francese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C4%8Du_revol%C5%ABcijas_hronolo%C4%A3ija" title="Franču revolūcijas hronoloģija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Franču revolūcijas hronoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronologie_vun_der_Frans%C3%A9ischer_Revolutioun" title="Chronologie vun der Franséischer Revolutioun – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chronologie vun der Franséischer Revolutioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_francia_forradalom_kronol%C3%B3gi%C3%A1ja" title="A francia forradalom kronológiája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A francia forradalom kronológiája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الخط الزمنى للثوره الفرنسيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الخط الزمنى للثوره الفرنسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijdlijn_van_de_Franse_Revolutie" title="Tijdlijn van de Franse Revolutie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tijdlijn van de Franse Revolutie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E3%81%AE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="フランス革命の年表 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス革命の年表" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronologia_da_Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Francesa" title="Cronologia da Revolução Francesa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cronologia da Revolução Francesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Хронология Великой французской революции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хронология Великой французской революции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Хронологија Француске револуције – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хронологија Француске револуције" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hronologija_Francuske_revolucije" title="Hronologija Francuske revolucije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hronologija Francuske revolucije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_suuren_vallankumouksen_aikajana" title="Ranskan suuren vallankumouksen aikajana – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan suuren vallankumouksen aikajana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidsaxel_%C3%B6ver_franska_revolutionen" title="Tidsaxel över franska revolutionen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tidsaxel över franska revolutionen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Хронологія Французької революції – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хронологія Французької революції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">French Revolution</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Louis_XVI_Carnavalet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Louis_XVI_Carnavalet.jpg/240px-Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Louis_XVI_Carnavalet.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Louis_XVI_Carnavalet.jpg/360px-Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Louis_XVI_Carnavalet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Louis_XVI_Carnavalet.jpg/480px-Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Louis_XVI_Carnavalet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The execution of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> on the <i>Place de la Révolution</i> (now <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde">Place de la Concorde</a>) (January 21, 1793)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1789–1799</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th><td class="infobox-data attendee" style="text-align: left;">French society</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Outcome</th><td class="infobox-data description" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_abolition_of_the_monarchy" title="Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy">Abolition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">French monarchy</a></li> <li>Establishment of a secular and democratic republic that became increasingly authoritarian and militaristic</li> <li>Radical social change based on <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> principles</li> <li>Rise of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">Armed conflicts</a> with other European countries</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1788_–_The_royal_treasury_is_empty;_Prelude_to_the_Revolution"><span id="1788_.E2.80.93_The_royal_treasury_is_empty.3B_Prelude_to_the_Revolution"></span>1788 – The royal treasury is empty; Prelude to the Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 1788 – The royal treasury is empty; Prelude to the Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_Ingres-Bourdelle_-_Portrait_de_Louis_XVI_-_Joseph-Siffred_Duplessis_-_Joconde06070000102.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis XVI in 1777"><img alt="Louis XVI in 1777" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mus%C3%A9e_Ingres-Bourdelle_-_Portrait_de_Louis_XVI_-_Joseph-Siffred_Duplessis_-_Joconde06070000102.jpg/222px-Mus%C3%A9e_Ingres-Bourdelle_-_Portrait_de_Louis_XVI_-_Joseph-Siffred_Duplessis_-_Joconde06070000102.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mus%C3%A9e_Ingres-Bourdelle_-_Portrait_de_Louis_XVI_-_Joseph-Siffred_Duplessis_-_Joconde06070000102.jpg/333px-Mus%C3%A9e_Ingres-Bourdelle_-_Portrait_de_Louis_XVI_-_Joseph-Siffred_Duplessis_-_Joconde06070000102.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mus%C3%A9e_Ingres-Bourdelle_-_Portrait_de_Louis_XVI_-_Joseph-Siffred_Duplessis_-_Joconde06070000102.jpg/444px-Mus%C3%A9e_Ingres-Bourdelle_-_Portrait_de_Louis_XVI_-_Joseph-Siffred_Duplessis_-_Joconde06070000102.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4006" data-file-height="5948" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI</a> in 1777</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne_-_Versailles_MV_3001.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Étienne Charles de Brienne, minister of finance 1787-88"><img alt="Étienne Charles de Brienne, minister of finance 1787-88" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne_-_Versailles_MV_3001.png/276px-%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne_-_Versailles_MV_3001.png" decoding="async" width="184" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne_-_Versailles_MV_3001.png/413px-%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne_-_Versailles_MV_3001.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne_-_Versailles_MV_3001.png 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="619" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">Étienne Charles de Brienne</a>, minister of finance 1787-88</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Necker,_Jacques_-_Duplessis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jacques Necker, minister of finance 1788-90"><img alt="Jacques Necker, minister of finance 1788-90" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Necker%2C_Jacques_-_Duplessis.jpg/286px-Necker%2C_Jacques_-_Duplessis.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Necker%2C_Jacques_-_Duplessis.jpg/428px-Necker%2C_Jacques_-_Duplessis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Necker%2C_Jacques_-_Duplessis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Jacques Necker</a>, minister of finance 1788-90</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>June 7: <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Tiles" title="Day of the Tiles">Day of the Tiles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, first revolt against the king.</li> <li>July 21: <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Vizille" title="Assembly of Vizille">Assembly of Vizille</a>, assembly of the Estates-General of <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a>.</li> <li>August 8: The royal treasury is declared empty, and the <a href="/wiki/Parlement_of_Paris" title="Parlement of Paris">Parlement of Paris</a> refuses to reform the tax system or loan the Crown more money. To win their support for fiscal reforms, the Minister of Finance, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">Brienne</a>, sets May 5, 1789, for a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_(France)" title="Estates General (France)">Estates General</a>, an assembly of the nobility, clergy, and commoners (the Third Estate), which has not met since 1614.</li> <li>August 16: The treasury suspends payments on the debts of the government.</li> <li>August 25: Brienne resigns as Minister of Finance, and is replaced by the Swiss banker <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Jacques Necker</a>, who is popular with the Third Estate. French bankers and businessmen, who have always held Necker in high regard, agree to loan the state 75 million, on the condition that the Estates General will have full powers to reform the system. Necker was labelled an "author of the revolution" by Napoleon.<sup id="cite_ref-Melzer_Rabine_1992_p._158_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melzer_Rabine_1992_p._158-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 27: Over the opposition of the nobles, Necker announces that the representation of the Third Estate will be doubled and that nobles and clergymen will be eligible to sit with the Third Estate.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1789_–_The_Revolution_Begins;_the_Estates-General_and_the_Constituent_Assembly"><span id="1789_.E2.80.93_The_Revolution_Begins.3B_the_Estates-General_and_the_Constituent_Assembly"></span>1789 – The Revolution Begins; the Estates-General and the Constituent Assembly</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1789 – The Revolution Begins; the Estates-General and the Constituent Assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 320.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 318.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estatesgeneral.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The King opens the meeting of the Estates-General (May 5, 1789)"><img alt="The King opens the meeting of the Estates-General (May 5, 1789)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Estatesgeneral.jpg/478px-Estatesgeneral.jpg" decoding="async" width="319" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Estatesgeneral.jpg/716px-Estatesgeneral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Estatesgeneral.jpg/955px-Estatesgeneral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5132" data-file-height="3226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The King opens the meeting of the Estates-General (May 5, 1789)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 161.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Troisordres.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartoon showing the Third Estate carrying the weight of the clergy and the nobility (1789)"><img alt="Cartoon showing the Third Estate carrying the weight of the clergy and the nobility (1789)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Troisordres.jpg/242px-Troisordres.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Troisordres.jpg/363px-Troisordres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Troisordres.jpg/484px-Troisordres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="1424" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartoon showing the Third Estate carrying the weight of the clergy and the nobility (1789)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 278px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 276px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Couder_-_Le_Serment_du_Jeu_de_Paume,_20_juin_1789.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789), by Couder"><img alt="The Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789), by Couder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Couder_-_Le_Serment_du_Jeu_de_Paume%2C_20_juin_1789.jpg/414px-Couder_-_Le_Serment_du_Jeu_de_Paume%2C_20_juin_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Couder_-_Le_Serment_du_Jeu_de_Paume%2C_20_juin_1789.jpg/620px-Couder_-_Le_Serment_du_Jeu_de_Paume%2C_20_juin_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Couder_-_Le_Serment_du_Jeu_de_Paume%2C_20_juin_1789.jpg/827px-Couder_-_Le_Serment_du_Jeu_de_Paume%2C_20_juin_1789.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="743" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Tennis_Court_Oath" title="Tennis Court Oath">Tennis Court Oath</a> (June 20, 1789), by Couder</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siey%C3%A8s_d%C3%A9put%C3%A9_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Siey%C3%A8s_d%C3%A9put%C3%A9_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale.JPG/160px-Siey%C3%A8s_d%C3%A9put%C3%A9_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Siey%C3%A8s_d%C3%A9put%C3%A9_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale.JPG/240px-Siey%C3%A8s_d%C3%A9put%C3%A9_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Siey%C3%A8s_d%C3%A9put%C3%A9_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale.JPG/320px-Siey%C3%A8s_d%C3%A9put%C3%A9_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="1762" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a>, who proposed that the Third Estate become the National Assembly (June 10, 1789)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>January 1789</b> </p> <ul><li>January: The Abbé <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a> publishes a pamphlet, <i><a href="/wiki/What_is_the_Third_Estate%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="What is the Third Estate?">What is the Third Estate?</a></i> he writes; "What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it demand to be? Something." The pamphlet is widely distributed.</li> <li>January 24: King Louis XVI convokes elections for delegates to the Estates-General<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>April 1789</b> </p> <ul><li>April 27: Riots in Paris by workers of the <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_R%C3%A9veillon" title="Jean-Baptiste Réveillon">Réveillon wallpaper factory</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Faubourg_Saint-Antoine" title="Faubourg Saint-Antoine">Faubourg Saint-Antoine</a>. Twenty-five workers were killed in battles with police.</li></ul> <p><b>May 1789</b> </p> <ul><li>May 2: Presentation to the King of the Deputies of the Estates-General at Versailles. The clergy and nobles are welcomed with formal ceremonies and processions, the Third Estate is not.</li> <li>May 5: Formal opening of the Estates-General at Versailles.</li> <li>May 6: The Deputies of the Third Estate refuses to meet separately from the other Estates, occupy the main hall, and invite the clergy and nobility to join them.</li> <li>May 11: The nobility refuses to meet together with the Third Estate, but the clergy hesitates, and suspends the verification of its deputies.</li> <li>May 20: The clergy renounces its special tax privileges, and accepts the principle of fiscal equality.</li> <li>May 22: The nobility renounces its special tax privileges. However, the three estates are unable to agree on a common program.</li> <li>May 25: The Third Estate deputies from Paris, delayed by election procedures, arrive in Versailles.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Sylvain_Bailly,_Maire_de_Paris.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly%2C_Maire_de_Paris.png/160px-Jean_Sylvain_Bailly%2C_Maire_de_Paris.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly%2C_Maire_de_Paris.png/240px-Jean_Sylvain_Bailly%2C_Maire_de_Paris.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly%2C_Maire_de_Paris.png/320px-Jean_Sylvain_Bailly%2C_Maire_de_Paris.png 2x" data-file-width="2928" data-file-height="3668" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a>, leader of the Third Estate (1789)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>June 1789</b> </p> <ul><li>June 3: The scientist <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a> is chosen the leader of the Third Estate deputies.</li> <li>June 4: Upon the death of seven-year-old <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Louis Joseph Xavier François, Dauphin of France</a>, the eldest son and heir of Louis XVI, his four-year-old brother, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVII of France">Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy</a>, becomes the new Dauphin.</li> <li>June 6: The deputies of the nobility reject a compromise program proposed by finance minister <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Jacques Necker</a>.</li> <li>June 10: At the suggestion of <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Sieyès</a>, the Third Estate deputies decide to hold their own meeting, and invite the other Estates to join them.</li> <li>June 13–14: Nine deputies from the clergy decide to join the meeting of the Third Estate.</li> <li>June 17: On the proposal of Sieyès, the deputies of the Third Estate declare themselves the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(French_Revolution)" title="National Assembly (French Revolution)">National Assembly</a>. To ensure popular support, they decree that taxes need only be paid while the Assembly is in session.</li> <li>June 19: By a vote of 149 to 137, the deputies of the clergy join the assembly of the Third Estate.</li> <li>June 20: On the orders of Louis XVI, the meeting hall of the Third Estate is closed and locked. At the suggestion of Dr. <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin" title="Joseph-Ignace Guillotin">Joseph-Ignace Guillotin</a>, the deputies gather instead in the indoor tennis court, where they swear not to separate until they have given France a new Constitution (the <a href="/wiki/Tennis_Court_Oath" title="Tennis Court Oath">Tennis Court Oath</a>).</li> <li>June 21: The Royal Council rejects the financial program of Minister Necker.</li> <li>June 22: The new National Assembly meets in the <a href="/wiki/Versailles_Cathedral" title="Versailles Cathedral">church of Saint Louis</a> in Versailles. One hundred fifty deputies from the clergy attend, along with two deputies from the nobility.</li> <li>June 23: Louis XVI personally addresses the Estates-General (a <i>Séance royale</i>), where he invalidates the decisions of the National Assembly and instructs the three estates to continue to meet separately. The king departs followed by the Second- and most of the First-Estate deputies, but the Third-Estate deputies remain in the hall. When the king's master of ceremonies reminds them that Louis has invalidated their decrees, the <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Comte de Mirabeau</a>, Third-Estate deputy from Aix, boldly shouts that "we are assembled here by the will of the people" and that they would "leave only at the point of a bayonet".</li> <li>June 25: 48 nobles, headed by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a>, join the Assembly.</li> <li>June 27: Louis XVI reverses course, instructs the nobility and clergy to meet with the other estates, and recognizes the new Assembly. At the same time, he orders reliable military units, largely composed of Swiss and German mercenaries, to Paris.</li> <li>June 30: A crowd invades the prison of the Abbey of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Saint-Germain-des-Prés">Saint-Germain-des-Prés</a> and liberates soldiers who had been imprisoned for attending meetings of political clubs.</li></ul> <p><b>July 1789</b> </p> <ul><li>July 6: The National Assembly forms a committee of thirty members to write a new Constitution.</li> <li>July 8: As tensions mount, the <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Comte de Mirabeau</a>, Third-Estate deputy from Aix, demands that the <a href="/wiki/Gardes_Fran%C3%A7aises" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardes Françaises">Gardes Françaises</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maison_militaire_du_roi_de_France" title="Maison militaire du roi de France">military household of the king of France</a> be moved out of Paris, and that a new civil guard be created within the city.</li> <li>July 9: The National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the <a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Constituent Assembly</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_14,_1789_–_The_Siege_and_Surrender_of_the_Bastille"><span id="July_14.2C_1789_.E2.80.93_The_Siege_and_Surrender_of_the_Bastille"></span>July 14, 1789 – The Siege and Surrender of the Bastille</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: July 14, 1789 – The Siege and Surrender of the Bastille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 274px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 272px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Action_entre_le_r%C3%A9giment_Royal-Allemand_command%C3%A9_par_le_prince_le_Lambesc_et_un_d%C3%A9tachement_des_Gardes_fran%C3%A7aises.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German soldiers of the King's guard skirmish with the Gardes-Française in Paris (July 12, 1789)"><img alt="German soldiers of the King's guard skirmish with the Gardes-Française in Paris (July 12, 1789)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Action_entre_le_r%C3%A9giment_Royal-Allemand_command%C3%A9_par_le_prince_le_Lambesc_et_un_d%C3%A9tachement_des_Gardes_fran%C3%A7aises.jpg/408px-Action_entre_le_r%C3%A9giment_Royal-Allemand_command%C3%A9_par_le_prince_le_Lambesc_et_un_d%C3%A9tachement_des_Gardes_fran%C3%A7aises.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Action_entre_le_r%C3%A9giment_Royal-Allemand_command%C3%A9_par_le_prince_le_Lambesc_et_un_d%C3%A9tachement_des_Gardes_fran%C3%A7aises.jpg/612px-Action_entre_le_r%C3%A9giment_Royal-Allemand_command%C3%A9_par_le_prince_le_Lambesc_et_un_d%C3%A9tachement_des_Gardes_fran%C3%A7aises.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Action_entre_le_r%C3%A9giment_Royal-Allemand_command%C3%A9_par_le_prince_le_Lambesc_et_un_d%C3%A9tachement_des_Gardes_fran%C3%A7aises.jpg/816px-Action_entre_le_r%C3%A9giment_Royal-Allemand_command%C3%A9_par_le_prince_le_Lambesc_et_un_d%C3%A9tachement_des_Gardes_fran%C3%A7aises.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2051" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German soldiers of the King's guard skirmish with the <i>Gardes-Française</i> in Paris (July 12, 1789)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 253.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prise_de_la_Bastille_IMG_2250.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)"><img alt="Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Prise_de_la_Bastille_IMG_2250.jpg/380px-Prise_de_la_Bastille_IMG_2250.jpg" decoding="async" width="254" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Prise_de_la_Bastille_IMG_2250.jpg/571px-Prise_de_la_Bastille_IMG_2250.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Prise_de_la_Bastille_IMG_2250.jpg/761px-Prise_de_la_Bastille_IMG_2250.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3761" data-file-height="2967" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">Storming of the Bastille</a> (July 14, 1789)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 153.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_de_Flesselles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parade of the heads of the governor of the Bastille and the Provost of Paris merchants (July 14, 1789)"><img alt="Parade of the heads of the governor of the Bastille and the Provost of Paris merchants (July 14, 1789)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Jacques_de_Flesselles.jpg/230px-Jacques_de_Flesselles.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Jacques_de_Flesselles.jpg/345px-Jacques_de_Flesselles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Jacques_de_Flesselles.jpg/460px-Jacques_de_Flesselles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Parade of the heads of the governor of the Bastille and the Provost of Paris merchants (July 14, 1789)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>July 11: Louis XVI abruptly dismisses Necker. Parisians respond by burning the unpopular customs barriers, and invading and looting the monastery of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Mission" title="Congregation of the Mission"><i>Lazaristes</i></a>. Skirmishes between the cavalrymen of the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_de_Royal-Allemand_cavalerie" class="mw-redirect" title="Régiment de Royal-Allemand cavalerie">Régiment de Royal-Allemand</a> of the King's Guard and the angry crowd outside the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a>. The <i>Gardes Françaises</i> largely take the side of the crowd.</li> <li>July 13: The National Assembly declares itself in permanent session. At the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris"><i>Hôtel de Ville</i></a>, city leaders begin to form a governing committee and an armed militia.</li> <li>July 14: <a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">Storming of the Bastille</a>. A large armed crowd besieges the Bastille, which holds only seven prisoners but has a large supply of gunpowder, which the crowd wants. After several hours of resistance, the governor of the fortress <a href="/wiki/Bernard-Ren%C3%A9_de_Launay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard-René de Launay">de Launay</a>, finally surrenders; as he exits, he is killed by the crowd. The crowd also kills <a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Flesselles" title="Jacques de Flesselles">de Flesselles</a>, the provost of the Paris merchants.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg/140px-Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg/210px-Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg/280px-Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1206" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a> in 1791</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>July 15: The astronomer and mathematician <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a> is named mayor of Paris, and <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_marquis_de_Lafayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a> is appointed Commander of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">National Guard</a>.</li> <li>July 16: The King reinstates Necker as finance minister and withdraws royal troops from the center of the city. The new elected Paris assembly votes the destruction of the Bastille fortress. Similar committees and local militias are formed in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>, and in other large French cities.</li> <li>July 17: The King visits Paris, where he is welcomed at the <i>Hôtel de Ville</i> by Bailly and Lafayette, and wears the tricolor <a href="/wiki/Cockade" title="Cockade">cockade</a>. Sensing what is ahead, several prominent members of the nobility, including the <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Count of Artois</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé">Prince de Condé</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Duke of Enghien</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil" title="Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil">Baron de Breteuil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Victor-Fran%C3%A7ois,_2nd_duc_de_Broglie" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie">Duke of Broglie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jules,_1st_Duke_of_Polignac" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules, 1st Duke of Polignac">Duke of Polignac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yolande_de_Polastron" title="Yolande de Polastron">his wife</a> become the first of a wave of <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9" title="Émigré">émigrés</a></i> to leave France.</li> <li>July 18: <a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a> begins publication of 'La France libre', demanding a much more radical revolution and calling for a republic arguing that revolutionary violence is justified.</li> <li>July 22: An armed mob on the <a href="/wiki/Place_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel-de-Ville_%E2%80%93_Esplanade_de_la_Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville – Esplanade de la Libération"><i>Place de Grève</i></a> massacres <a href="/wiki/Louis_B%C3%A9nigne_Fran%C3%A7ois_Berthier_de_Sauvigny" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Bénigne François Berthier de Sauvigny">Berthier de Sauvigny</a>, Intendant of Paris, and his father-in-law, accused of speculating in grain.</li> <li>July 21 – August 14: the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fear" title="Great Fear">Great Fear</a>: Riots and peasant revolts in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (July 21), <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (July 23), <a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_Hainaut" title="French Hainaut">Hainaut</a> (July 25).</li> <li>July 28: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pierre_Brissot" title="Jacques Pierre Brissot">Jacques Pierre Brissot</a> begins publication of <i>Le Patriote français</i>, an influential newspaper of the revolutionary movement known as the <a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondins</a>.</li></ul> <p><b>August 1789</b> </p> <ul><li>August 4: <ul><li>The King appoints a government of reformist ministers around Necker.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Decrees" class="mw-redirect" title="August Decrees">August Decrees</a>: The Assembly votes to abolish the privileges and feudal rights of the nobility.</li></ul></li> <li>August 7: Publication of "A plot uncovered to lull the people to sleep" by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a>, denouncing the reforms of August 4 as insufficient and demanding a much more radical revolution. Marat quickly becomes the voice of the most turbulent <i><a href="/wiki/Sans_culottes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sans culottes">sans-culottes</a></i> faction of the Revolution.</li> <li>August 23: The Assembly proclaims freedom of religious opinions.</li> <li>August 24: The Assembly proclaims freedom of speech.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_27,_1789_–_Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen"><span id="August_27.2C_1789_.E2.80.93_Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen"></span>August 27, 1789 – Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: August 27, 1789 – Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 191.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 189.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen"><img alt="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/284px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/426px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/568px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="4636" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rouillard_-_Camille_Desmoulins.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Camille Desmoulins"><img alt="Camille Desmoulins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Rouillard_-_Camille_Desmoulins.jpg/286px-Rouillard_-_Camille_Desmoulins.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Rouillard_-_Camille_Desmoulins.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Paul Marat"><img alt="Jean-Paul Marat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg/298px-Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg/447px-Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg/596px-Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a></div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>August 27: The Assembly adopts the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a>, drafted largely by Lafayette.</li> <li>August 28: The Assembly debates giving the King the power to veto legislation.</li> <li>August 30: Camille Desmoulins organizes an uprising at the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a> to block the proposed veto for the King and to force the King to return to Paris. The uprising fails.</li> <li>August 31: The Constitution Committee of the Assembly proposes a two-house parliament and a royal right of veto.</li> <li>September 9: The Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> is assassinated by a mob.</li> <li>September 11: The National Assembly gives the King the power to temporarily veto laws for two legislative sessions.</li> <li>September 15: Desmoulins publishes <i>Discours de la lanterne aux Parisiens,</i> a radical pamphlet justifying political violence and exalting the Parisian mob.</li> <li>September 16: First issue of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul_Marat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Paul Marat">Jean Paul Marat</a>'s newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Ami_du_peuple" title="L'Ami du peuple">L'Ami du peuple</a></i>, proposing a radical social and political revolution.</li> <li>September 19: Election of a new municipal assembly in Paris, with three hundred members elected by districts.</li> <li>October 1: At the <i>banquet des Gardes du Corps du Roi</i> in Versailles, which Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette and the Dauphin attended at dessert time, the King's guards put on the white royal <i>cocarde</i>. The false news quickly reaches Paris that the guards had trampled on the tricolor and caused outrage.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_4,_1789_–_Women's_March_on_Versailles"><span id="October_4.2C_1789_.E2.80.93_Women.27s_March_on_Versailles"></span>October 4, 1789 – Women's March on Versailles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October 4, 1789 – Women's March on Versailles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Versailles,_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg/300px-A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg/450px-A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg/600px-A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4781" data-file-height="3351" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Women's March on Versailles</a> (October 5–6, 1789)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>October 5: Marat's newspaper demands a march on Versailles to protest the insult to the <i>cocarde tricolor</i>. Thousands of women take part in the march, joined in the evening by the Paris national guard led by Lafayette.</li> <li>October 6: After an orderly march, a crowd of women invade the Palace. The women demand that the King and his family accompany them back to Paris, and the King agrees. The National Assembly also decides to relocate to Paris.</li> <li>October 10: The Assembly names Lafayette commander of the regular army in and around Paris. The Assembly also modifies the royal title from "King of France and Navarre" to "King of the French". <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin" title="Joseph-Ignace Guillotin">Joseph-Ignace Guillotin</a>, a doctor, member of the Assembly, proposes a new and more humane form of public execution, which eventually is named after him, the <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998318_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998318-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October 12: Louis XVI secretly writes to king <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a>, complaining of mistreatment. The Count of Artois secretly writes to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II of Austria</a> requesting a military intervention in France.</li> <li>October 19: The National Assembly holds its first meeting in Paris, in the chapel of the archbishop's residence next to <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame de Paris">Notre Dame Cathedral</a>.</li> <li>October 21: The Assembly declares a state of martial law to prevent future uprisings.</li> <li>November 2: The Assembly votes to place property of the Church at the disposition of the Nation.</li> <li>November 9: The Assembly moves to the <i><a href="/wiki/Salle_du_Man%C3%A8ge" title="Salle du Manège">Salle du Manège</a></i>, the former riding school near the Tuileries Palace.</li> <li>November 28: First issue of Desmoulins' weekly <i>Histoire des Révolutions de France et de Brabant</i>, savagely attacking royalists and aristocrats.</li> <li>November: the Breton Club is reconstituted in Paris at the Saint-Honore monastery of Dominicans, who were more popularly known as Jacobins, under the name Society of Friends of the Constitution</li> <li>December 1: Revolt by the sailors of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_French_Navy" title="History of the French Navy">French Navy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>, who arrest <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hector_d%27Albert_de_Rions" title="François Hector d'Albert de Rions">Admiral d'Albert</a>.</li> <li>December 9: The Assembly decides to divide France into departments, in place of the former <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_France" title="Provinces of France">provinces of France</a>.</li> <li>December 19: Introduction of the <i><a href="/wiki/Assignat" title="Assignat">assignat</a></i>, a form of currency based not on silver, but on the value of the property of the Church confiscated by the State.</li> <li>December 24: The Assembly decrees that Protestants are eligible to hold public office; Jews are still excluded.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1790_–_the_Rise_of_the_Political_Clubs"><span id="1790_.E2.80.93_the_Rise_of_the_Political_Clubs"></span>1790 – the Rise of the Political Clubs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1790 – the Rise of the Political Clubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 167.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Paul Marat"><img alt="Jean-Paul Marat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg/248px-Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg/372px-Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg/497px-Jean-paul_marat_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 276px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 274px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravure_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale,_%C3%A9poque_du_4_f%C3%A9vrier_1790_1_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-3878.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meeting of the National Assembly (February 4, 1790)"><img alt="Meeting of the National Assembly (February 4, 1790)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gravure_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_%C3%A9poque_du_4_f%C3%A9vrier_1790_1_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-3878.jpg/411px-Gravure_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_%C3%A9poque_du_4_f%C3%A9vrier_1790_1_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-3878.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gravure_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_%C3%A9poque_du_4_f%C3%A9vrier_1790_1_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-3878.jpg/616px-Gravure_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_%C3%A9poque_du_4_f%C3%A9vrier_1790_1_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-3878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gravure_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_%C3%A9poque_du_4_f%C3%A9vrier_1790_1_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-3878.jpg/822px-Gravure_Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%2C_%C3%A9poque_du_4_f%C3%A9vrier_1790_1_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-3878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="935" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Meeting of the National Assembly (February 4, 1790)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 326px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 324px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Federation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fête de la Fédération (July 14, 1790)"><img alt="Fête de la Fédération (July 14, 1790)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Federation.jpg/486px-Federation.jpg" decoding="async" width="324" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Federation.jpg/729px-Federation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Federation.jpg/972px-Federation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5090" data-file-height="3144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Fête de la Fédération</i> (July 14, 1790)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>January 7: Riot in Versailles demanding lower bread prices.</li> <li>January 18: Marat publishes a fierce attack on finance minister Necker.</li> <li>January 22: Paris municipal police try to arrest Marat for his violent attacks on the government, but he is defended by a crowd of <i>sans-culottes</i> and escapes to London.</li> <li>February 13: The Assembly forbids the taking of religious vows and suppresses the contemplative religious orders.</li> <li>February 23: The Assembly requires <i>curés</i> (parish priests) in churches across France to read aloud the decrees of the Assembly.</li> <li>February 28: The Assembly abolishes the requirement that army officers be members of the nobility.</li> <li>March 8: The Assembly decides to continue the institution of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean" title="Slavery in the British and French Caribbean">slavery in French colonies</a>, but permits the establishment of colonial assemblies.</li> <li>March 12: The Assembly approves the sale of the property of the church by municipalities</li> <li>March 29: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a> condemns the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a> in a secret consistory.</li> <li>April 5 – June 10: A series of pro-catholic and anti-revolutionary riots in the French provinces; in <a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (April 5), <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (April 6), <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (April 18), <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (May 3), and <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (June 10) protesting measures taken against the church.</li> <li>April 17: Foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Cordeliers" title="Cordeliers">Cordeliers</a> club, which meets in the former convent of that name. It becomes one of the most vocal proponents of radical change.</li> <li>April 30: Riots in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>. Three forts are captured, and the commander of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint-Jean_(Marseille)" title="Fort Saint-Jean (Marseille)">Fort Saint-Jean</a>, the Chevalier de Beausset, is assassinated.</li> <li>May 12: Lafayette and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a> institute the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_1789" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of 1789">Society of 1789</a>.</li> <li>May 15: Law passed that allows for the redemption of manorial dues.</li> <li>May 18: Marat returns to Paris and resumes publication of <i>L'Ami du people</i>.</li> <li>May 22: The Assembly decides that it alone can decide issues of war and peace, but that the war cannot be declared without the proposition and sanction by the King.</li> <li>May 30: <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> celebrates the Revolution with a <i>Fête de la Fédération</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> holds a similar event on June 6. <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> on June 13, <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> on June 19.</li> <li>June 3: Uprising of biracial residents of the French colony of <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>.</li> <li>June 19: The Assembly abolishes the titles, orders, and other privileges of the hereditary nobility.</li> <li>June 26: Avignon, then under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>, asks to be joined to France. The Assembly, wishing to avoid a confrontation with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a>, delays a decision.</li> <li>June 26: Diplomats of England, Austria, Prussia and the United Provinces meet at <a href="/wiki/Dzier%C5%BConi%C3%B3w" title="Dzierżoniów">Reichenbach</a> to discuss possible military intervention against the French Revolution.</li> <li>July 12: The Assembly adopts the final text on the status of the French clergy. Clergymen lose their special status, and are required to take an <a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">oath of allegiance</a> to the government.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_14,_1790_–_Fête_de_la_Fédération"><span id="July_14.2C_1790_.E2.80.93_F.C3.AAte_de_la_F.C3.A9d.C3.A9ration"></span>July 14, 1790 – <i>Fête de la Fédération</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: July 14, 1790 – Fête de la Fédération"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>July 14: The <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration" title="Fête de la Fédération">Fête de la Fédération</a></i> is held on the <i>Champ de Mars</i> in Paris to celebrate the first anniversary of the Revolution. The event is attended by the king and queen, the National Assembly, the government, and a huge crowd. Lafayette takes a civic oath vowing to "be ever faithful to the nation, to the law, and to the king; to support with our utmost power the constitution decreed by the National Assembly, and accepted by the king." This oath is taken by his troops, as well as the king. The <i>Fête de la Fédération</i> is the last event to unite all the different factions in Paris during the Revolution.</li> <li>July 23: The Pope writes a secret letter to Louis XVI, promising to condemn the Assembly's abolition of the special status of the French clergy.</li> <li>July 26: Marat publishes a demand for the immediate execution of five to six hundred aristocrats to save the Revolution.</li> <li>July 28: The Assembly refuses to allow Austrian troops to cross French territory to suppress an uprising in Belgium, inspired by the French Revolution.</li> <li>July 31: The Assembly decides to take legal action against Marat and Camille Desmoulins because of their calls for revolutionary violence.</li> <li>August 16: The Assembly establishes positions of <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">justices of the peace</a> around the country to replace the traditional courts held by the local nobles.</li> <li>August 16: The Assembly calls for the re-establishment of discipline in the army.</li> <li>August 31: Battles in <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> between rebellious soldiers of the army and the national guard units of the city, who support Lafayette and the Assembly.</li> <li>September 4: Necker, the finance minister, is dismissed. The National Assembly takes charge of the public treasury.</li> <li>September 16: Mutiny of sailors of the French fleet at <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a>.</li> <li>October 6: Louis XVI writes his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a>, to express his hostility to the new status of the French clergy.</li> <li>October 12: The Assembly dissolves the local assembly of Saint-Domingue (now <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>) and again reaffirms the institution of slavery.</li> <li>October 21: The Assembly decrees that the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">tricolor</a> will replace the white flag and <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lys</a> of the French monarchy as emblem of France.</li> <li>November 4: Insurrection in the French colony of Isle de France (now <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>).</li> <li>November 25: Uprising of black slaves in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>).</li> <li>November 27: The Assembly decrees that all members of the clergy must take an oath to the Nation, the Law and the King. A large majority of French clergymen refuse to take the oath.</li> <li>December 3: Louis XVI writes to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_II_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William II of Prussia">King Frederick William II of Prussia</a> asking for a military intervention by European monarchs to restore his authority.</li> <li>December 27: Thirty-nine deputies of the Assembly, who are also clergymen, take an oath of allegiance to the government. However, a majority of clergymen serving in the Assembly refuse to take the oath.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1791_–_The_unsuccessful_flight_of_the_Royal_Family_from_Paris"><span id="1791_.E2.80.93_The_unsuccessful_flight_of_the_Royal_Family_from_Paris"></span>1791 – The unsuccessful flight of the Royal Family from Paris</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1791 – The unsuccessful flight of the Royal Family from Paris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Honor%C3%A9-Gabriel_Riqueti_-_Audouin_1791.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The comte de Mirabeau (1791)"><img alt="The comte de Mirabeau (1791)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Portrait_of_Honor%C3%A9-Gabriel_Riqueti_-_Audouin_1791.jpg/198px-Portrait_of_Honor%C3%A9-Gabriel_Riqueti_-_Audouin_1791.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Portrait_of_Honor%C3%A9-Gabriel_Riqueti_-_Audouin_1791.jpg/297px-Portrait_of_Honor%C3%A9-Gabriel_Riqueti_-_Audouin_1791.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Portrait_of_Honor%C3%A9-Gabriel_Riqueti_-_Audouin_1791.jpg/397px-Portrait_of_Honor%C3%A9-Gabriel_Riqueti_-_Audouin_1791.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3987" data-file-height="6028" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The comte de Mirabeau (1791)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 278px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 276px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrest_of_Louis_XVI_and_his_Family,_Varennes,_1791.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The King and his family are recognized and arrested at Varennes (June 21, 1791)"><img alt="The King and his family are recognized and arrested at Varennes (June 21, 1791)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Arrest_of_Louis_XVI_and_his_Family%2C_Varennes%2C_1791.jpg/414px-Arrest_of_Louis_XVI_and_his_Family%2C_Varennes%2C_1791.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Arrest_of_Louis_XVI_and_his_Family%2C_Varennes%2C_1791.jpg/621px-Arrest_of_Louis_XVI_and_his_Family%2C_Varennes%2C_1791.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Arrest_of_Louis_XVI_and_his_Family%2C_Varennes%2C_1791.jpg/828px-Arrest_of_Louis_XVI_and_his_Family%2C_Varennes%2C_1791.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The King and his family are recognized and arrested at Varennes (June 21, 1791)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>January 1: <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Mirabeau</a> elected President of the Assembly</li> <li>January 3: Priests are ordered to take an oath to the Nation within twenty-four hours. A majority of clerical members of the Assembly refuse to take the oath.</li> <li>February 19: <a href="/wiki/Mesdames_de_France" title="Mesdames de France"><i>Mesdames</i></a>, the daughters of Louis XV and aunts of Louis XVI, depart France for exile.</li> <li>February 24: Constitutional bishops, who have taken an oath to the State, replace the former Church hierarchy.</li> <li>February 28: <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Daggers" title="Day of Daggers">Day of Daggers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_marquis_de_Lafayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a> orders the arrest of 400 armed aristocrats who have gathered at the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a> to protect the royal family. They are freed on March 13.</li> <li>March 2: Abolition of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">trade guilds</a>.</li> <li>March 3: The Assembly orders that the silver objects owned by the Church be melted down and sold to fund the government.</li> <li>March 10: Pope Pius VI condemns the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">Civil Constitution of the Clergy</a></li> <li>March 25: Diplomatic relations broken between France and the Vatican.</li> <li>April 2: Death of <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Mirabeau</a>.</li> <li>April 3: The Assembly proposes transforming the new church of Sainte Geneviève, not yet consecrated, into the <i><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a></i>, a mausoleum for illustrious citizens of France.</li> <li>April 13: Encyclical of Pope Pius VI condemns the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.</li> <li>April 18: The National Guard, despite orders from Lafayette, blocks the royal family from going to the <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Château de Saint-Cloud">Château de Saint-Cloud</a></i> to celebrate Easter.</li> <li>May 4: The remains of Mirabeau are the first to be placed in the new <i>Panthéon</i>.</li> <li>May 16: On a proposal of <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a>, the Assembly votes to forbid members of the current Assembly to become candidates for the next Assembly.</li> <li>May 30: The Assembly orders the transfers of the ashes of <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> to the Panthéon.</li> <li>June 14: <a href="/wiki/Le_Chapelier_Law_1791" title="Le Chapelier Law 1791">The Chapelier Law</a> is passed by the Assembly, abolishing corporations and forbidding labor unions and strikes.</li> <li>June 15: The Assembly forbids priests to wear ecclesiastical robes outside churches.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_20–21,_1791_–_The_Royal_Family_flees_Paris"><span id="June_20.E2.80.9321.2C_1791_.E2.80.93_The_Royal_Family_flees_Paris"></span>June 20–21, 1791 – The Royal Family flees Paris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: June 20–21, 1791 – The Royal Family flees Paris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duplessi-Bertaux_-_Arrivee_de_Louis_Seize_a_Paris_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Duplessi-Bertaux_-_Arrivee_de_Louis_Seize_a_Paris_2.png/300px-Duplessi-Bertaux_-_Arrivee_de_Louis_Seize_a_Paris_2.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Duplessi-Bertaux_-_Arrivee_de_Louis_Seize_a_Paris_2.png/450px-Duplessi-Bertaux_-_Arrivee_de_Louis_Seize_a_Paris_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Duplessi-Bertaux_-_Arrivee_de_Louis_Seize_a_Paris_2.png/600px-Duplessi-Bertaux_-_Arrivee_de_Louis_Seize_a_Paris_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1026" /></a><figcaption>King Louis XVI returns to Paris after his attempted flight (June 25, 1791)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fusillade_du_Champ_de_Mars_(1791,_17_juillet).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fusillade_du_Champ_de_Mars_%281791%2C_17_juillet%29.jpg/300px-Fusillade_du_Champ_de_Mars_%281791%2C_17_juillet%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fusillade_du_Champ_de_Mars_%281791%2C_17_juillet%29.jpg/450px-Fusillade_du_Champ_de_Mars_%281791%2C_17_juillet%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fusillade_du_Champ_de_Mars_%281791%2C_17_juillet%29.jpg/600px-Fusillade_du_Champ_de_Mars_%281791%2C_17_juillet%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2653" /></a><figcaption>The National Guard fires on demonstrators in the Champ de Mars (July 17, 1791)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>June 20–21: The <a href="/wiki/Flight_to_Varennes" title="Flight to Varennes">Flight to Varennes</a>. In the night of 20–21 June, the King, the Queen and their children slip out of the Tuileries Palace and flee by carriage in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Montm%C3%A9dy" title="Montmédy">Montmédy</a>.</li> <li>June 21–22: The King is recognized at Varennes. The Assembly announces that he was taken against his will, and sends three commissioners to bring him back to Paris.</li> <li>June 25: Louis XVI returns to Paris. The Assembly suspends his functions until further notice.</li> <li>July 5: <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Leopold II</a> issues the <a href="/wiki/Padua_Circular" title="Padua Circular">Padua Circular</a> calling on the royal houses of Europe to come to the aid of Louis XVI, his brother-in-law.</li> <li>July 9: The Assembly decrees that <i>émigrés</i> must return to France within two months, or forfeit their property.</li> <li>July 11: The ashes of <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> are transferred to the <i>Panthéon</i>.</li> <li>July 15: National Assembly declares the king inviolable, and cannot be put on trial. Louis XVI suspended from his duties until the ratification of a new Constitution.</li> <li>July 16: The more moderate members of the <a href="/wiki/Jacobins" title="Jacobins">Jacobins</a> club break away to form a new club, the <a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a>.</li> <li>July 17: A demonstration sponsored by the Jacobins, Cordeliers and their allies carries a petition demanding the removal of the King to the <i>Champ de Mars</i>. The city government raises the red flag, the sign of martial law, and forbids the demonstration. The National Guard fires on the crowd, and some fifty persons are killed. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro199879_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro199879-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 18: Following the events in the <i>Champ de Mars</i>, the Assembly forbids incitement to riot, urging citizens to disobey the law, and seditious publications, aimed at the Jacobins and Cordeliers. Marat goes into hiding and Danton flees to England.</li> <li>August 14: Slave uprising begins in Saint Domingue (Haiti)</li> <li>August 27: <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Pillnitz" title="Declaration of Pillnitz">Declaration of Pillnitz</a> - A proclamation by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_II_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William II of Prussia">Frederick William II of Prussia</a> and Habsburg <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a>, affirms their wish to "put the King of France in a state to strengthen the bases of monarchic government." This vague statement is taken in France as a direct threat by the other European powers to intervene in the Revolution.</li> <li>September 13–14: Louis XVI formally accepts the new <a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791" title="French Constitution of 1791">Constitution</a>.</li> <li>September 27: The Assembly declares that all men living in France, regardless of color, are free, but preserves slavery in French colonies. French Jews are granted citizenship.</li> <li>September 29: The Assembly limits membership in the National Guard to citizens who pay a certain level of taxes, thus excluding the working class.</li> <li>September 30: Last day of the <a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Constituent Assembly</a>. Assembly grants amnesty to all those punished for illegal political activity since 1788.</li> <li>October 1: First session of the new national <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">Legislative Assembly</a>. <a href="/wiki/Claude-Emmanuel_de_Pastoret" title="Claude-Emmanuel de Pastoret">Claude Pastoret</a>, a monarchist, is elected President of the assembly.</li> <li>October 16: Riots against the revolutionary commune, or city government, in <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>. After an official of the commune is killed, anti-government prisoners kept in the basements of the <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Papes" title="Palais des Papes">Papal Palace</a> are massacred.</li> <li>November 9: <i>Émigrés</i> are again ordered to return to France before January 1, 1792, under penalty of losing their property and a sentence of death. King Louis XVI vetoes the declaration on November 11, but asks his brothers to return to France.</li> <li>November 14: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9tion_de_Villeneuve" title="Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve">Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve</a> is elected mayor of Paris, with 6,728 votes against 3,126 for Lafayette. Out of 80,000 eligible voters, 70,000 abstain.</li> <li>November 25: The Legislative Assembly creates a Committee of Surveillance to oversee the government.</li> <li>November 29: Priests are again ordered to take an oath to the government, or to be considered suspects.</li> <li>December 3: The King writes a secret letter to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_II_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William II of Prussia">Frederick William II of Prussia</a>, urging him to intervene militarily in France "to prevent the evil which is happening here before it overtakes the other states of Europe. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998339_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998339-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 3: Louis XVI's brothers, (the counts of Provence and Artois) refuse to return to France, citing "the moral and physical captivity in which the King is being held." <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998339_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998339-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 14: Lafayette receives command of one of the three new armies established to defend the French borders, the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Centre" title="Army of the Centre">Army of the Centre</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>. The other two armies are commanded by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">Rochambeau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_North_(France)" title="Army of the North (France)">Army of the North</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Luckner" title="Nicolas Luckner">Nicolas Luckner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Rhine_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army of the Rhine (France)">Army of the Rhine</a>).</li> <li>December 28: The Assembly votes to summon a mass army of volunteers to defend the borders of France.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1792_–_War_and_the_overthrow_of_the_monarchy"><span id="1792_.E2.80.93_War_and_the_overthrow_of_the_monarchy"></span>1792 – War and the overthrow of the monarchy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1792 – War and the overthrow of the monarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_le_dernier3_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The king is forced to wear a Phrygian cap and drink a toast to the Nation (June 20, 1792)"><img alt="The king is forced to wear a Phrygian cap and drink a toast to the Nation (June 20, 1792)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Louis_le_dernier3_crop.jpg/220px-Louis_le_dernier3_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Louis_le_dernier3_crop.jpg/330px-Louis_le_dernier3_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Louis_le_dernier3_crop.jpg/440px-Louis_le_dernier3_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2197" data-file-height="2997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The king is forced to wear a <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_cap" title="Phrygian cap">Phrygian cap</a> and drink a toast to the Nation (June 20, 1792)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 306px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 304px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Bertaux_-_Prise_du_palais_des_Tuileries_-_1793.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sans-Culottes take possession of the Tuileries Palace and massacre the Swiss Guards (August 10, 1792)"><img alt="Sans-Culottes take possession of the Tuileries Palace and massacre the Swiss Guards (August 10, 1792)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jacques_Bertaux_-_Prise_du_palais_des_Tuileries_-_1793.jpg/456px-Jacques_Bertaux_-_Prise_du_palais_des_Tuileries_-_1793.jpg" decoding="async" width="304" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jacques_Bertaux_-_Prise_du_palais_des_Tuileries_-_1793.jpg/684px-Jacques_Bertaux_-_Prise_du_palais_des_Tuileries_-_1793.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jacques_Bertaux_-_Prise_du_palais_des_Tuileries_-_1793.jpg/912px-Jacques_Bertaux_-_Prise_du_palais_des_Tuileries_-_1793.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="921" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Sans-Culottes</i> take possession of the Tuileries Palace and massacre the Swiss Guards (August 10, 1792)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Massacres_des_2,_3,_4,_5_et_6_septembre_1792.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Massacre of prisoners in Paris prisons (September 2–7, 1792)"><img alt="Massacre of prisoners in Paris prisons (September 2–7, 1792)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Massacres_des_2%2C_3%2C_4%2C_5_et_6_septembre_1792.jpg/360px-Massacres_des_2%2C_3%2C_4%2C_5_et_6_septembre_1792.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Massacres_des_2%2C_3%2C_4%2C_5_et_6_septembre_1792.jpg/541px-Massacres_des_2%2C_3%2C_4%2C_5_et_6_septembre_1792.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Massacres_des_2%2C_3%2C_4%2C_5_et_6_septembre_1792.jpg/721px-Massacres_des_2%2C_3%2C_4%2C_5_et_6_septembre_1792.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3249" data-file-height="2705" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/September_Massacres" title="September Massacres">Massacre of prisoners in Paris prisons</a> (September 2–7, 1792)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 330px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 328px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French victory over the Prussians at the Battle of Valmy (September 29, 1792)"><img alt="French victory over the Prussians at the Battle of Valmy (September 29, 1792)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg/492px-Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="328" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg/738px-Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg/984px-Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6926" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French victory over the Prussians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmy" title="Battle of Valmy">Battle of Valmy</a> (September 29, 1792)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>23 January: The <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">slave uprising in Haiti</a> causes severe shortages of sugar and coffee in Paris. Riots against food shortages; many food shops are looted in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.</li> <li>February 1: French citizens are required to have a passport to travel in the interior of the country.</li> <li>February 7: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> sign in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> a military convention to invade France and defend the monarchy.</li> <li>February 9: The Assembly decrees the <a href="/wiki/Biens_nationaux" title="Biens nationaux">confiscation of the property</a> of <i>émigrés</i>, for the benefit of the Nation.</li> <li>February 23: Confrontation between the army and crowds in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9thune" title="Béthune">Béthune</a> over the allocation of grain.</li> <li>March 7: The <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Duke of Brunswick</a> is named to command a joint Austrian-Prussian invasion of France.</li> <li>April 4: The Assembly grants equal rights to free people of color in Haiti.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghachem,_Malick_W_2012_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghachem,_Malick_W_2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April 5: The Assembly closes the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Sorbonne" title="College of Sorbonne">Sorbonne</a>, a center of conservative theology.</li> <li>April 20: The Assembly declares war on the <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">King of Bohemia and Hungary</a>, i.e. to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.</li> <li>April 25: <a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a> composed by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Joseph_Rouget_de_Lisle" title="Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle">Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle</a>, is sung for the first time in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>.</li> <li>April 28: The war begins. The army of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">Rochambeau</a> invades the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Netherlands" title="Austrian Netherlands">Austrian Netherlands</a>.</li> <li>April 30: The government issues three hundred million <i>assignats</i> to finance the war.</li> <li>May 5: The Assembly orders the raising of thirty-one new battalions for the army.</li> <li>May 6: The Royal-Allemand regiment (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_de_Royal-Allemand_cavalerie" class="mw-redirect" title="Régiment de Royal-Allemand cavalerie">Régiment de Royal-Allemand cavalerie</a>), composed of German mercenaries, deserts the French army and joins the Austrian-Prussian coalition.</li> <li>May 12: The <a href="/wiki/Hussar" title="Hussar">Hussar</a> regiments of Saxe and Bercheny desert the French Army and join the coalition.</li> <li>May 27: The Assembly orders the deportation of priests who have not signed the oath to the government, known as the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">Civil Constitution of the Clergy</a>.</li> <li>June 8: The Assembly orders the raising of an army of twenty thousand volunteers to be camped outside Paris.</li> <li>June 11: Louis XVI vetoes the laws on the deportation of priests and the formation of a new army outside Paris.</li> <li>June 20: A secret insurrectionary committee, supported by the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune_(French_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Commune (French Revolution)">Paris Commune</a> and led by the prosecutors <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pierre_Manuel" title="Louis Pierre Manuel">Louis Pierre Manuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a>, is formed.</li> <li>June 20: <a href="/wiki/Demonstration_of_20_June_1792" title="Demonstration of 20 June 1792">Demonstrators invade</a> the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a> and King Louis XVI condescends to wear a red <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_cap" title="Phrygian cap">liberty cap</a> and drink to the health of the Nation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 21: The Assembly bans gatherings of armed citizens within the city limits.</li> <li>June 28: Lafayette speaks to the Assembly, denouncing the actions of the Jacobins and other radical groups in the Assembly. His proposal to organize a review of the National guard in Paris is annulled by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9tion_de_Villeneuve" title="Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve">Pétion</a>, mayor of Paris.</li> <li>June 30: Lafayette leaves Paris and returns to his army. He is denounced by <a href="/wiki/Robespierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Robespierre">Robespierre</a> and his effigy is burned by a mob at the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a>.</li> <li>July 11: As the Austrian army advances slowly toward Paris, the Assembly declares that the Nation is in danger (<i><a href="/wiki/La_patrie_en_danger" title="La patrie en danger">La patrie en danger</a></i>).</li> <li>July 15: The Assembly votes to send regular army units, whose officers largely support Lafayette, far outside the city.</li> <li>July 15: Members of the <a href="/wiki/Cordeliers" title="Cordeliers">Cordeliers club</a>, led by Danton, demand the convocation of a Convention to replace the Legislative Assembly.</li> <li>July 25: The Assembly authorizes the Paris sections, local assemblies in each neighborhood, many controlled by the Jacobins and Cordeliers, to meet in permanent sessions.</li> <li>July 25: <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Manifesto_(1792)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunswick Manifesto (1792)">Brunswick Manifesto</a> - The Austrian commander warns that should the royal family be harmed, an "exemplary and eternally memorable revenge" will follow.</li> <li>July 28: The Brunswick Manifesto is widely circulated in Paris, causing fury against the King.</li> <li>July 30: Decree by the Assembly allows working-class citizens (those who pay no taxes) to join the National Guard.</li> <li>July 30: Arrival in Paris of volunteer <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédérés">fédérés</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>. They sing the new war hymn, of the Army of the Rhine, which gradually takes their name, <a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a>. Fights break out between the new volunteers and soldiers of the National Guard loyal to Lafayette.</li> <li>August 3: 47 of the 48 sections of Paris, mostly controlled by the Cordeliers and the Jacobins, send petitions to the Assembly, demanding the removal of the King. They are presented by Pétion, the mayor of Paris.</li> <li>August 4: The Paris section Number Eighty proclaims an insurrection on August 10 if the Assembly does not remove the King. At the request of the royal household, the Swiss guards at the Tuileries are reinforced, and joined by many armed nobles.</li> <li>August 9: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a>, a deputy city prosecutor, and his Cordeliers allies take over the Paris city government and establish the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune_(French_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Commune (French Revolution)">Revolutionary Paris commune</a>. They take possession of the <i>Hôtel de Ville</i>. They increase the number of Commune deputies to 288. The Assembly recognizes them as the legal government of Paris on August 10.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_10,_1792_–_Storming_of_the_Tuileries;_Downfall_of_the_King"><span id="August_10.2C_1792_.E2.80.93_Storming_of_the_Tuileries.3B_Downfall_of_the_King"></span>August 10, 1792 – Storming of the Tuileries; Downfall of the King</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: August 10, 1792 – Storming of the Tuileries; Downfall of the King"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>August 10: <a href="/wiki/10_August_(French_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="10 August (French Revolution)">Storming of the Tuileries Palace</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">National Guard</a> of the insurrectional <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune_(French_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Commune (French Revolution)">Paris Commune</a> and revolutionary <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Fédéré">fédérés</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> attack the Tuileries Palace. The King and his family take refuge in the Legislative Assembly. The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guards" title="Swiss Guards">Swiss Guards</a> defending the Palace are massacred. The Legislative Assembly provisionally suspends the authority of the King, and orders the election of a new government, the <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">Convention</a>.</li> <li>August 11: The Assembly elects a new Executive Committee to replace the government. <a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Danton</a> is named Minister of Justice. The municipalities are authorized to arrest suspected enemies of the Revolution, and royalist newspapers and publications are banned.</li> <li>August 13: Royal family imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Temple_(Paris)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple (Paris)">Temple</a>.</li> <li>August 14: Lafayette tries unsuccessfully to persuade his army to march on Paris to rescue the royal family.</li> <li>August 17: At the demand of Robespierre and the Commune of Paris, who threatens an armed uprising if the Assembly does not comply, the Assembly votes the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tribunal" title="Revolutionary Tribunal">Revolutionary Tribunal</a>, the members of which are selected by the Commune, and the summoning of a <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> to replace the Assembly.</li> <li>August 18: The Assembly abolishes the religious teaching orders and those running hospitals, the last remaining religious orders in France.</li> <li>August 19: Lafayette leaves his army and goes into exile. The Coalition army of Austrian and Prussian soldiers, and of French <i>émigrés</i>, led by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Duke of Brunswick</a> crosses the northern and eastern borders into France.</li> <li>August 21: First summary judgement by the Revolutionary Tribunal and execution by the guillotine of a royalist, Louis Collenot d'Angremont (<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Collenot_d%27Angremont" class="extiw" title="fr:Louis Collenot d'Angremont">fr</a>).</li> <li>August 22: The Paris Commune orders that persons henceforth be addressed as <i>Citoyen</i> and <i>Citoyenne</i> ("Citizen") rather than <i>Monsieur</i> or <i>Madame</i>.</li> <li>August 22: Royalist riots in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a>.</li> <li>September 2: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)" title="Battle of Verdun (1792)">Capitulation without a fight</a> of <a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a> to Brunswick's troops.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_2–7,_1792_–_Massacres_in_Paris_prisons"><span id="September_2.E2.80.937.2C_1792_.E2.80.93_Massacres_in_Paris_prisons"></span>September 2–7, 1792 – Massacres in Paris prisons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: September 2–7, 1792 – Massacres in Paris prisons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>September 2–7: Following the news of surrender of Verdun, the Commune orders <a href="/wiki/September_Massacres" title="September Massacres">massacres of prisoners in Paris prisons</a>. Between 1400 and 2000 prisoners are massacred, the great majority were common criminals, 17 percent were priests, 6 percent Swiss guards, and 5 percent political prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro19981094–1095_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro19981094–1095-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 10: The government requisitions all church objects made of gold or silver.</li> <li>September 19: Creation of the <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre Museum</a> displaying art taken from royal collections.</li> <li>September 20: Last session of Assembly votes a new law permitting civil marriage and divorce.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_20,_1792_–_French_victory_at_Valmy;_Debut_of_the_Convention"><span id="September_20.2C_1792_.E2.80.93_French_victory_at_Valmy.3B_Debut_of_the_Convention"></span>September 20, 1792 – French victory at Valmy; Debut of the Convention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: September 20, 1792 – French victory at Valmy; Debut of the Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>September 20: The French army under Generals <a href="/wiki/Dumouriez" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumouriez">Dumouriez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_de_Kellermann" title="François Christophe de Kellermann">Kellermann</a> defeat the Prussians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmy" title="Battle of Valmy">Battle of Valmy</a>. The Prussians retreat.</li> <li>September 20: The newly elected <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> holds its first session behind closed doors, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Salle_du_Man%C3%A8ge" title="Salle du Manège">Salle du Manège</a></i>, the former riding school of the Tuileries Palace, and elects its Bureau. Of the 749 deputies, 113 are <a href="/wiki/Jacobins" title="Jacobins">Jacobins</a>, who take their seats in the highest benches in the hall, the <i>Montagne</i> (Mountain), thus their nickname of <i>Montagnards</i>, the "Mountaineers".</li> <li>September 22: The Convention proclaims the abolition of royalty and the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">First French Republic</a>.</li> <li>September 29: French troops occupy <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, then part of <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>.</li> <li>October 3: French troops occupy <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, then ruled by Archbishop of Basel, and proclaim it an independent Republic.</li> <li>October 23: French troops occupy <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a>.</li> <li>October 27: The French army under Dumouriez invades the Austrian Netherlands (Belgium). They occupy <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> on November 14.</li> <li>November 19: The Convention claims the right to intervene in any country "where people desire to recover their freedom".</li> <li>November 20: Discovery in the king's apartment in the Tuileries Palace of the <i><a href="/wiki/Armoire_de_fer" title="Armoire de fer">armoire de fer</a></i>, an iron strongbox containing Louis XVI's secret correspondence with Mirabeau and with foreign monarchs.</li> <li>November 27: The Convention decrees the attachment of <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> to France.</li> <li>November 28: The French army occupies <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>.</li> <li>December 3: <a href="/wiki/Robespierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Robespierre">Robespierre</a>, leader of the Jacobins and First Deputy for Paris in the convention, demands that the King be put to death.</li> <li>December 4: Deputies sent by Brussels assembly to the National Convention express gratitude of the Belgian people and request that France officially recognise the independence of Belgium. The Convention adopts immediately the proposed decree.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 6: At the proposal of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a>, the Convention rules that each deputy must individually and publicly declare his vote on the death penalty for the King.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="December_10,_1792_–_January_21,_1793_–_Trial_and_Execution_of_Louis_XVI"><span id="December_10.2C_1792_.E2.80.93_January_21.2C_1793_.E2.80.93_Trial_and_Execution_of_Louis_XVI"></span>December 10, 1792 – January 21, 1793 – Trial and Execution of Louis XVI</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: December 10, 1792 – January 21, 1793 – Trial and Execution of Louis XVI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>December 10: Opening of the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Louis_XVI" title="Trial of Louis XVI">trial of Louis XVI</a> before the convention.</li> <li>December 11: Louis XVI is brought before the convention. He appears in person twice, December 11 and 26.</li> <li>December 26: Defense of the King presented by his lawyer, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Des%C3%A8ze" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Desèze">Raymond Desèze</a> (Raymond <i>comte de Sèze</i>).</li> <li>December 27–28: Motions in the Convention asking that people vote on judgement of the King. The motion is opposed by Robespierre, who declares "Louis must die so that the nation may live." The Convention rejects the motion for French voters to decide the King's fate.</li> <li>January 15: The Convention declares Louis XVI guilty of conspiracy against public liberty by a vote of 707 to zero.</li> <li>January 17: In a vote lasting twenty-one hours, 361 deputies vote for the death penalty, and 360 against (including 26 for a death penalty followed by a pardon). The Convention rejects a final appeal to the people.</li> <li>January 21: Louis XVI is beheaded at 10:22 on <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde"><i>Place de la Révolution</i></a>. The commander of the execution, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Joseph_Santerre" title="Antoine Joseph Santerre">Antoine Joseph Santerre</a>, orders a drum roll to drown out his final words to the crowd.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 274.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 272.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LouisXVIExecutionBig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The execution of Louis XVI (January 21, 1793)"><img alt="The execution of Louis XVI (January 21, 1793)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/LouisXVIExecutionBig.jpg/409px-LouisXVIExecutionBig.jpg" decoding="async" width="273" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/LouisXVIExecutionBig.jpg/613px-LouisXVIExecutionBig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/LouisXVIExecutionBig.jpg/817px-LouisXVIExecutionBig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5196" data-file-height="3816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The execution of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI</a> (January 21, 1793)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 312px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tribunal_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Revolutionary Tribunal at work in 1793"><img alt="The Revolutionary Tribunal at work in 1793" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tribunal_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_04.jpg/465px-Tribunal_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tribunal_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_04.jpg/698px-Tribunal_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tribunal_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_04.jpg/930px-Tribunal_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1637" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Revolutionary Tribunal at work in 1793</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1793_–_France_at_war_against_Europe;_The_Jacobins_seize_power;_The_Terror_begins"><span id="1793_.E2.80.93_France_at_war_against_Europe.3B_The_Jacobins_seize_power.3B_The_Terror_begins"></span>1793 – France at war against Europe; The Jacobins seize power; The Terror begins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1793 – France at war against Europe; The Jacobins seize power; The Terror begins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January 24: Breaking of diplomatic relations between England and France.</li> <li>February 1: The Convention declares war against England and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>.</li> <li>February 14: The Convention annexes the <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Principality of Monaco</a>.</li> <li>February 14: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Nicolas_Pache" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Nicolas Pache">Jean Nicolas Pache</a> is elected the new mayor of Paris.</li> <li>March 1: Decree of the Convention annexes Belgium to France.</li> <li>March 3: Armed royalist uprising against the Convention begins in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>.</li> <li>March 7: The Convention declares war against Spain.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uprising_in_the_Vendée"><span id="Uprising_in_the_Vend.C3.A9e"></span>Uprising in the Vendée</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Uprising in the Vendée"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>March 7: <a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a>. Armed uprising against the rule of the convention, particularly against conscription into the army, begins in the <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a> region of west-central France.</li> <li>March 10: <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tribunal" title="Revolutionary Tribunal">Revolutionary Tribunal</a> established in Paris, with <a href="/wiki/Fouquier-Tinville" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquier-Tinville">Fouquier-Tinville</a> as the public prosecutor.</li> <li>March 10: Failed uprising in Paris by the ultra-revolutionary faction known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Enrag%C3%A9s" title="Enragés">enragés</a></i>, led by the former priest <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Jacques Roux</a>.</li> <li>March 18: The Convention decrees the death penalty for those advocating radical economic programs, a decree aimed at the <i>enragés</i>.</li> <li>March 19: The Convention decrees the death penalty for any participant in the uprising in the Vendée.</li> <li>March 21: Establishment of Revolutionary Surveillance Committees (<i>Comités de surveillance révolutionnaire</i>) in all communes and their sections.</li> <li>March 27: General <a href="/wiki/Dumouriez" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumouriez">Dumouriez</a> denounces revolutionary anarchy.</li> <li>March 30: The Convention orders Dumouriez to return to Paris, and sends four commissaires and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Ruel,_marquis_de_Beurnonville" title="Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville">Pierre de Ruel</a>, the Minister of War, to arrest him.</li> <li>April 1: Dumouriez arrests the commissaires of the Convention and Minister of War and hands them over to the Austrians,</li> <li>April 3: Convention declares Dumouriez outside the law.</li> <li>April 3: Arrest of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Égalité</a>, a deputy and head of the Orléans branch of the royal family, who had voted for the execution of Louis XVI, his cousin.</li> <li>April 4: Dumouriez fails to persuade his army to march on Paris, and goes over to the Austrians on April 5.</li> <li>April 5: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul_Marat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Paul Marat">Jean Paul Marat</a> is elected head of the <a href="/wiki/Jacobin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobin">Jacobin</a> Club.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_6_–_May_30,_1793_-_Committee_on_Public_Safety_takes_control_of_government"><span id="April_6_.E2.80.93_May_30.2C_1793_-_Committee_on_Public_Safety_takes_control_of_government"></span>April 6 – May 30, 1793 - Committee on Public Safety takes control of government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: April 6 – May 30, 1793 - Committee on Public Safety takes control of government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triomphe_de_Marat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Triomphe_de_Marat.jpg/300px-Triomphe_de_Marat.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Triomphe_de_Marat.jpg/450px-Triomphe_de_Marat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Triomphe_de_Marat.jpg/600px-Triomphe_de_Marat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3053" data-file-height="2361" /></a><figcaption>The triumph of Marat after his release from arrest</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>April 6: <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Public_Safety" title="Committee of Public Safety">Committee of Public Safety</a> established by the convention to oversee the ministries and to be chief executive body of the government. Its first nine members included <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Joseph_Cambon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Joseph Cambon">Pierre Joseph Cambon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a>.</li> <li>April 6: First session of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tribunal" title="Revolutionary Tribunal">Revolutionary Tribunal</a>.</li> <li>April 12: The Convention votes to arrest Marat for using his newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Ami_du_peuple" title="L'Ami du peuple">L'Ami du peuple</a></i> to incite violence and murder, and demand to suspend the convention. Marat goes into hiding.</li> <li>April 15: The mayor of Paris, Jean Nicolas Pache, demands that the Convention expel 23 deputies belonging to the moderate <a href="/wiki/Girondin" class="mw-redirect" title="Girondin">Girondin</a> faction.</li> <li>April 24: Marat is brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal, and is acquitted of all charges. His release causes riotous celebrations by his supporters.</li> <li>May 3: The rebels of the Vendée, led by the aristocrats <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Bonchamps" title="Charles de Bonchamps">Charles de Bonchamps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_la_Rochejaquelein" title="Henri de la Rochejaquelein">Henri de La Rochejaquelein</a>, capture <a href="/wiki/Bressuire" title="Bressuire">Bressuire</a>.</li> <li>May 4: At the demand of the Paris section of Saint-Antoine, the Convention fixes a maximum price for grain.</li> <li>May 24: At the demand of the Girondins, the Convention orders the arrest of the ultra-revolutionary <i>enragés</i> leaders <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ren%C3%A9_H%C3%A9bert" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques René Hébert">Jacques René Hébert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Varlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Varlet">Jean Varlet</a>.</li> <li>May 25: The Paris Commune demands the release of Hébert and Varlet.</li> <li>May 26: At the Jacobin Club, Robespierre and Marat call for an insurrection against the convention. The Paris Commune begins preparing a seizure of power.</li> <li>May 27: Release of Hébert and Varlet.</li> <li>May 30: The leaders of <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Lyon_against_the_National_Convention" title="Revolt of Lyon against the National Convention">rebel</a> against the convention, arresting the local <i>Montagnard</i> and <i>enragés</i> leaders.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_31_–_June_2,_1793_–_The_Montagnard_Coup_d'État"><span id="May_31_.E2.80.93_June_2.2C_1793_.E2.80.93_The_Montagnard_Coup_d.27.C3.89tat"></span>May 31 – June 2, 1793 – The Montagnard Coup d'État</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: May 31 – June 2, 1793 – The Montagnard Coup d'État"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muller_-_Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune_de_la_Convention.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Muller_-_Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune_de_la_Convention.jpg/220px-Muller_-_Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune_de_la_Convention.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Muller_-_Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune_de_la_Convention.jpg/330px-Muller_-_Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune_de_la_Convention.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Muller_-_Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune_de_la_Convention.jpg/440px-Muller_-_Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune_de_la_Convention.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>Sans-culottes threaten deputy <a href="/wiki/Jean_Denis,_comte_Lanjuinais" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Denis, comte Lanjuinais">Lanjuinais</a>, on the podium during the takeover of the convention (June 2, 1793)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>May 31: <a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793" title="Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793">Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793</a>. An armed crowd of sans-culottes organized by the Commune storms the hall of the convention and demands that it disband. The deputies resist.</li> <li>June 2: The sans-culottes and soldiers of the Paris Commune, led by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot">François Hanriot</a>, occupy the hall of the convention and force it to vote for the arrest of 29 <a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondins</a> deputies, and two ministers, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Claviére</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun,_duc_de_Plaisance" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance">Lebrun</a>.</li> <li>June 6: Revolts against the Montagnard coup d'état in Marseille, Nîmes, and Toulouse.</li> <li>June 7: Bordeaux rejects the new government.</li> <li>June 10: Montagnards gain control of the Committee of Public Safety.</li> <li>June 10: Despite the Revolution, scientific research continues. Opening of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Natural History (France)">National Museum of Natural History</a>.</li> <li>June 13: Leaders of departments opposing the new government meet in <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>. About sixty departments are in revolt against Montagnard government in Paris.</li> <li>June 24: Ratification of new <a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1793" title="French Constitution of 1793">Constitution</a> by the National Convention.</li> <li>June 25: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Jacques Roux</a>, leader of the ultra-revolutionary <i>enragés</i>, presents his program to the convention.</li> <li>June 26; Robespierre denounces the <i>enragés</i> before the convention.</li> <li>June 30: Robespierre and Hébert lead a delegation of Jacobins to the Cordeliers Club to demand the exclusion from the club of Roux and the other ultra-revolutionary leaders.</li> <li>July 3: The eight-year-old <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVII of France">Louis XVII</a>, king of France in the eyes of the royalists, is taken from <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a> and given to a cobbler named <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Simon" title="Antoine Simon">Antoine Simon</a> on orders from the <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a>.</li> <li>July 4: Marat violently denounces the <i>enragés</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_13,_1793_–_Assassination_of_Jean-Paul_Marat_by_Charlotte_Corday"><span id="July_13.2C_1793_.E2.80.93_Assassination_of_Jean-Paul_Marat_by_Charlotte_Corday"></span>July 13, 1793 – Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat by Charlotte Corday</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: July 13, 1793 – Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat by Charlotte Corday"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>July 13: <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Corday" title="Charlotte Corday">Charlotte Corday</a> assassinates <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a> in his bath. At her trial, she declares, "I killed one man to save a hundred thousand."</li> <li>July 17: Charlotte Corday is tried and sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Tribunal for murdering Marat. She is guillotined after her trial.</li> <li>July 27: Robespierre elected to the Committee of Public Safety.</li> <li>July 27: The Convention institutes death penalty for those who hoard scarce goods.</li> <li>August 1: The Convention declares a scorched earth policy against all departments rebelling against its authority.</li> <li>August 1: The Convention adopts the principles of the <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a>.</li> <li>August 1: On order by decree of the convention, a mob profanes the tombs of the Kings of France at the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Basilica of Saint-Denis</a>.</li> <li>August 2: Marie-Antoinette is transferred from the Temple to the <a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a>.</li> <li>August 8: The Convention sends an army led by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_de_Kellermann" title="François Christophe de Kellermann">General Kellermann</a> to lay siege to the rebellious city of Lyon.</li> <li>August 22: Robespierre is elected the president of the convention.</li> <li>August 23: <i><a href="/wiki/Lev%C3%A9e_en_masse" title="Levée en masse">Levée en masse</a></i> voted by the convention. All able-bodied non-married men between ages 18 and 25 are required to serve in the army.</li> <li>August 25: Soldiers of the Convention capture Marseille.</li> <li>August 27: Anti-Convention leaders in Toulon invite the British fleet and army to occupy the city.</li> <li>September 4: <i>Sans-culottes</i> occupy the convention and demand the arrest of suspected opponents of the Revolution, and the creation of a new revolutionary army of 60,000 men.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_17,_1793_–_The_Reign_of_Terror_begins"><span id="September_17.2C_1793_.E2.80.93_The_Reign_of_Terror_begins"></span>September 17, 1793 – The Reign of Terror begins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: September 17, 1793 – The Reign of Terror begins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>September 17: Convention adopts a new <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Suspects" title="Law of Suspects">Law of Suspects</a>, permitting the arrest and rapid trial of anyone suspected of opposing the Revolution. Start of <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a>.</li> <li>September 18: Convention re-establishes revolutionary government in Bordeaux. Opponents are arrested and imprisoned.</li> <li>September 21: All women are required to wear a <i>cocarde tricolor</i>.</li> <li>September 29: The Convention passes the <a href="/wiki/General_maximum" class="mw-redirect" title="General maximum">General Maximum</a>, fixing the prices of many goods and services, as well as maximum salaries.</li> <li>October 3: The Convention orders that Marie-Antoinette be tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal.</li> <li>October 3: Additional moderate deputies are accused and excluded from the Assembly; a total of 136 deputies are excluded.</li> <li>October 5: To break with the past and replace traditional religious holidays, the Convention adopts the newly created <a href="/wiki/French_Republican_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="French Republican Calendar">Republican Calendar</a>: Year I is declared to have begun on September 22, 1792.</li> <li>October 9: Lyon is recaptured by the army of the convention.</li> <li>October 10: A decree by the Convention puts the new Constitution on hold. On a proposal from <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a>, the Convention declares that "The government of France is revolutionary until the peace."</li> <li>October 12: The Convention decrees that the city of Lyon will be destroyed in punishment for its <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Lyon_against_the_National_Convention" title="Revolt of Lyon against the National Convention">rebellion</a>, and renamed <i>Ville-Affranchie</i>.</li> <li>October 12: Marie-Antoinette is summoned before the Revolutionary Tribunal and charged with treason.</li> <li>October 16: The Army of the Convention defeats the Austrian Army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wattignies" title="Battle of Wattignies">Battle of Wattignies</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_16,_1793_–_The_execution_of_Marie-Antoinette"><span id="October_16.2C_1793_.E2.80.93_The_execution_of_Marie-Antoinette"></span>October 16, 1793 – The execution of Marie-Antoinette</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: October 16, 1793 – The execution of Marie-Antoinette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Antoinette_Adult11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Marie_Antoinette_Adult11.jpg/200px-Marie_Antoinette_Adult11.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Marie_Antoinette_Adult11.jpg/300px-Marie_Antoinette_Adult11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Marie_Antoinette_Adult11.jpg/400px-Marie_Antoinette_Adult11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="4554" /></a><figcaption>Marie-Antoinette in the Temple Prison (1793)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>October 16: Marie-Antoinette is convicted and guillotined on the <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde"><i>Place de la Revolution</i></a>.</li> <li>October 17: The Army of the Convention under Generals <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="Jean-Baptiste Kléber">Jean-Baptiste Kléber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9verin_Marceau-Desgraviers" class="mw-redirect" title="François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers">François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers</a> defeats the Vendéen rebels at <a href="/wiki/Cholet" title="Cholet">Cholet</a>.</li> <li>October 20: The Convention orders the repression of the ultra-revolutionary <i><a href="/wiki/Enrag%C3%A9s" title="Enragés">enragés</a></i>.</li> <li>October 28: The Convention forbids religious instruction by clerics.</li> <li>October 30: The Revolutionary Tribunal sentences the 21 <a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondins</a> deputies to death.</li> <li>October 31: The 21 Girondins deputies are guillotined.</li> <li>November 3: <a href="/wiki/Olympe_de_Gouges" title="Olympe de Gouges">Olympe de Gouges</a>, champion of rights for women, accused of Girondin sympathies, is guillotined.</li> <li>November 7: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Égalité</a> is guillotined.</li> <li>November 8: <a href="/wiki/Madame_Roland" title="Madame Roland">Madame Roland</a> is guillotined in the purge of Girondins. Before her execution, she cries: "Liberty, what crimes are committed in your name!"</li> <li>November 9: Former finance minister Brienne is arrested at Sens.</li> <li>November 10: The <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame de Paris">Cathedral of Notre Dame</a> is re-dedicated as a <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Reason" title="Temple of Reason">Temple of Reason</a> in to the civic religion of the <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Reason" title="Cult of Reason">Cult of Reason</a>.</li> <li>November 12: The astronomer and former mayor of Paris, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a>, is executed on the Champ de Mars for his role in suppressing a demonstration there on July 17, 1791.</li> <li>November 17: On Robespierre's orders, supporters of Danton are arrested.</li> <li>November 20: Danton returns to Paris, after being absent since October 11. He urges "indulgence" toward opponents and "national reconciliation".</li> <li>November 23: The Paris Commune orders the closing of all churches and places of worship in Paris.</li> <li>November 25: Convention votes to remove Mirabeau's remains from the <a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a> and replace them with those of Marat.</li> <li>December 5: The Cordelier deputy <a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a>, supporting Danton, publishes an appeal for national reconciliation.</li> <li>December 12: Defeat of the rebel Vendéen army at <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a>.</li> <li>December 19: Withdrawal of the British from Toulon, following a successful military operation conceived and led by a young artillery officer, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a>.</li> <li>December 23: The Army of General <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Westermann" title="François Joseph Westermann">François Joseph Westermann</a> destroys the last the Vendéen army at <a href="/wiki/Savenay" title="Savenay">Savenay</a>. Six thousand prisoners are executed.</li> <li>December 24: To punish the rebellious city of Toulon, the Convention renames it <i>Port-la-Montagne</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1794_–_The_fury_of_the_Terror_or,_the_Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being,_and_the_Downfall_of_Robespierre"><span id="1794_.E2.80.93_The_fury_of_the_Terror_or.2C_the_Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being.2C_and_the_Downfall_of_Robespierre"></span>1794 – The fury of the Terror or, the Cult of the Supreme Being, and the Downfall of Robespierre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 1794 – The fury of the Terror or, the Cult of the Supreme Being, and the Downfall of Robespierre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 167.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Danton_Carnavalet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georges Danton"><img alt="Georges Danton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Georges_Danton_Carnavalet.jpg/248px-Georges_Danton_Carnavalet.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Georges_Danton_Carnavalet.jpg/372px-Georges_Danton_Carnavalet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Georges_Danton_Carnavalet.jpg/497px-Georges_Danton_Carnavalet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3287" data-file-height="3971" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rouillard_-_Camille_Desmoulins.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Camille Desmoulins"><img alt="Camille Desmoulins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Rouillard_-_Camille_Desmoulins.jpg/238px-Rouillard_-_Camille_Desmoulins.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Rouillard_-_Camille_Desmoulins.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robespierre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maximilien Robespierre"><img alt="Maximilien Robespierre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Robespierre.jpg/243px-Robespierre.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Robespierre.jpg/364px-Robespierre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Robespierre.jpg/485px-Robespierre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2426" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Just-French_anon-MBA_Lyon_1955-2-IMG_0450.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis de Saint-Just"><img alt="Louis de Saint-Just" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Saint-Just-French_anon-MBA_Lyon_1955-2-IMG_0450.jpg/220px-Saint-Just-French_anon-MBA_Lyon_1955-2-IMG_0450.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Saint-Just-French_anon-MBA_Lyon_1955-2-IMG_0450.jpg/329px-Saint-Just-French_anon-MBA_Lyon_1955-2-IMG_0450.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Saint-Just-French_anon-MBA_Lyon_1955-2-IMG_0450.jpg/439px-Saint-Just-French_anon-MBA_Lyon_1955-2-IMG_0450.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3212" data-file-height="4387" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Saint-Just" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis de Saint-Just">Louis de Saint-Just</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Lazare_Carnot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lazare Carnot"><img alt="Lazare Carnot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Portrait_Lazare_Carnot.jpg/234px-Portrait_Lazare_Carnot.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Portrait_Lazare_Carnot.jpg/351px-Portrait_Lazare_Carnot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Portrait_Lazare_Carnot.jpg/468px-Portrait_Lazare_Carnot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="771" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Carnot</a></div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>January 8: At the Jacobins, Robespierre denounces <a href="/wiki/Fabre_d%27%C3%89glantine" title="Fabre d'Églantine">Fabre d'Églantine</a>, one of the instigators of the September massacres, father of the Republican calendar, and ally of Danton.</li> <li>January 13: Arrest of Fabre d'Églantine for alleged diversion of state funds.</li> <li>January 29: Death of <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_la_Rochejaquelein" title="Henri de la Rochejaquelein">Henri de la Rochejaquelein</a>, royalist and military leader of the Vendéens, fighting at <a href="/wiki/Nuaill%C3%A9" title="Nuaillé">Nuaillé</a>.</li> <li>February 4: The Convention votes to abolish slavery in French colonies.</li> <li>February 5: Robespierre lectures the convention on the necessity for the Terror: "The foundations of a popular government in a revolution are virtue and terror; terror without virtue is disastrous; and virtue without terror is powerless. The Government of the Revolution is the despotism of liberty over tyranny."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February 6: Napoleon Bonaparte is promoted to general for his role in driving the British from Toulon.</li> <li>February 6: Recall of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Carrier" title="Jean-Baptiste Carrier">Jean-Baptiste Carrier</a> from <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>. As official delegate of the convention, he was responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Drownings_at_Nantes" title="Drownings at Nantes">drownings at Nantes</a> of as many as ten thousand Vendéen prisoners, in barges deliberately sunk in the Loire River.</li> <li>February 10: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Jacques Roux</a> commits suicide in prison.</li> <li>February 22: In a speech at the Cordeliers Club, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Hébert</a> attacks both the factions of Danton and Robespierre.</li> <li>March 4: At the Cordeliers Club, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Carrier" title="Jean-Baptiste Carrier">Jean-Baptiste Carrier</a> calls for an insurrection against the convention.</li> <li>March 11: The Committees of Public Safety and General Security denounce a planned uprising by the Cordeliers.</li> <li>March 13: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a>, President of the convention, denounces a plot against liberty and the French people. Hébert and many other Cordeliers are arrested.</li> <li>March 15: Robespierre tells the Convention that "All the factions must perish from the same blow."</li> <li>March 20: Arrest of <a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">General Hoche</a>, a member of the Cordeliers. He is freed in August after the fall of Robespierre.</li> <li>March 21: Trial of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9bertists" title="Hébertists">Hébertists</a> begins. To compromise them, they are tried together with foreign bankers, aristocrats and counter-revolutionaries.</li> <li>March 24: Hébert and leaders of the Cordeliers are condemned to death and guillotined.</li> <li>March 27: The philosopher and mathematician <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a> is arrested. He is found dead in his cell two days later.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_30,_1794_–_The_arrest_and_trial_of_Danton_and_Desmoulins"><span id="March_30.2C_1794_.E2.80.93_The_arrest_and_trial_of_Danton_and_Desmoulins"></span>March 30, 1794 – The arrest and trial of Danton and Desmoulins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: March 30, 1794 – The arrest and trial of Danton and Desmoulins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>March 30: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Danton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a> and their supporters arrested.</li> <li>April 2: Trial of Danton before the Revolutionary Tribunal. He uses the occasion to ridicule and insult his opponents.</li> <li>April 4: The Convention decrees that anyone who insults the justice system is excluded from speaking, barring Danton from defending himself.</li> <li>April 5: Danton and Desmoulins are convicted and guillotined the same day.</li> <li>April 8: Robespierre makes accusations against the Convention delegate <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Joseph Fouché</a> at a meeting of the Jacobins.</li> <li>April 10: The members of the alleged Conspiracy of Luxembourg, a diverse collection of followers of Danton and Hébert and other individuals, are put on trial. Seven are acquitted and nineteen are condemned and executed, including <a href="/wiki/Lucile_Desmoulins" title="Lucile Desmoulins">Lucile Desmoulins</a>, the widow of Camille Desmoulins, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Dillon_(1750%E2%80%931794)" title="Arthur Dillon (1750–1794)">General Arthur Dillon</a>, who had fought in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaspard_Chaumette" title="Pierre Gaspard Chaumette">Pierre Gaspard Chaumette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Marguerite_Fran%C3%A7oise_H%C3%A9bert" title="Marie Marguerite Françoise Hébert">Françoise Hébert</a>, the widow of Jacques Hébert, and the defrocked <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Joseph_Gobel" title="Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel">Bishop Gobel</a>.</li> <li>April 14: At the request of Robespierre, the Convention orders the transfer of the ashes of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> to the Panthéon.</li> <li>April 15: A report to the convention by Saint-Just calls from greater centralization of the police under the control of the Committee for Public Safety.</li> <li>April 19: By the Treaty of the Hague, between Britain and Prussia, Britain agrees to fund an army of 62,000 Prussian soldiers to continue the war against France.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April 20: In a report to the convention, the deputy <a href="/wiki/Billaud-Varenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Billaud-Varenne">Billaud-Varenne</a> delivers a veiled attack against Robespierre: "All people jealous of their liberty should be on guard even against the virtues of those who occupy eminent positions."</li> <li>On 22 April: <a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Lamoignon_de_Malesherbes" title="Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes">Malesherbes</a> and the deputés <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier" title="Isaac René Guy le Chapelier">Isaac René Guy le Chapelier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Guillaume_Thouret" title="Jacques Guillaume Thouret">Jacques Guillaume Thouret</a>, four times elected president of the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituent Assembly">Constituent Assembly</a>, were taken to the scaffold.</li> <li>April 23: Robespierre creates a new Bureau of Police attached to the Committee of Public Safety, in opposition to the existing police under the Committee of General Safety.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 7: Robespierre asks the convention to decree "that the French people recognize the existence of a Supreme Being and the immortality of the soul", and to organize celebrations of the new cult.</li> <li>May 8: The chemist <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a>, along with twenty-six other former members of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ferme_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Ferme générale">Ferme générale</a></i>, is tried and guillotined</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun,_manner_of_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_manner_of_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France.jpg/220px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_manner_of_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_manner_of_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France.jpg/330px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_manner_of_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_manner_of_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France.jpg/440px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_manner_of_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Madame Élisabeth was executed at Place de la Révolution</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_10,_1794_-_Louis_XVI's_Sister,_Madame_Élisabeth_is_Executed"><span id="May_10.2C_1794_-_Louis_XVI.27s_Sister.2C_Madame_.C3.89lisabeth_is_Executed"></span>May 10, 1794 - Louis XVI's Sister, Madame Élisabeth is Executed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: May 10, 1794 - Louis XVI's Sister, Madame Élisabeth is Executed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>May 10: Arrest of Jean Nicolas Pache, the former mayor of Paris, followed by his replacement by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Fleuriot-Lescot" title="Jean-Baptiste Fleuriot-Lescot">Jean-Baptiste Fleuriot-Lescot</a>, a close ally of Robespierre.</li> <li>May 10: Execution of <a href="/wiki/Princess_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Élisabeth of France">Madame Élisabeth</a>, the sister of Louis XVI.</li> <li>21 May: the revolutionary government decided that the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Terror</a> would be centralised, with almost all the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tribunal" title="Revolutionary Tribunal">tribunals</a> in the provinces closed and all the trials held in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 2: Naval battle between British and French fleets off <a href="/wiki/Ouessant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouessant">Ouessant</a>. The French lose seven warships, but a convoy carrying grain from the United States is able to dock in <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a>.</li> <li>June 4: Robespierre is unanimously elected president of the convention.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_8,_1794_–_Festival_of_the_Supreme_Being;_Acceleration_of_the_Terror"><span id="June_8.2C_1794_.E2.80.93_Festival_of_the_Supreme_Being.3B_Acceleration_of_the_Terror"></span>June 8, 1794 – Festival of the Supreme Being; Acceleration of the Terror</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: June 8, 1794 – Festival of the Supreme Being; Acceleration of the Terror"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 308px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 306px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naudet_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27%C3%AAtre_Supr%C3%AAme_8_juin_1794.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stage of the Festival of the Supreme Being (June 8, 1794)"><img alt="Stage of the Festival of the Supreme Being (June 8, 1794)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Naudet_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27%C3%AAtre_Supr%C3%AAme_8_juin_1794.jpg/459px-Naudet_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27%C3%AAtre_Supr%C3%AAme_8_juin_1794.jpg" decoding="async" width="306" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Naudet_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27%C3%AAtre_Supr%C3%AAme_8_juin_1794.jpg/689px-Naudet_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27%C3%AAtre_Supr%C3%AAme_8_juin_1794.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Naudet_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27%C3%AAtre_Supr%C3%AAme_8_juin_1794.jpg/919px-Naudet_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27%C3%AAtre_Supr%C3%AAme_8_juin_1794.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4984" data-file-height="3256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stage of the <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_the_Supreme_Being" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival of the Supreme Being">Festival of the Supreme Being</a> (June 8, 1794)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 356px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 354px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles-Louis_Muller-Victimes_de_la_terreur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The poet André Chenier and other victims of the Terror await judgement at the Conciergerie (July 25, 1794)"><img alt="The poet André Chenier and other victims of the Terror await judgement at the Conciergerie (July 25, 1794)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Charles-Louis_Muller-Victimes_de_la_terreur.jpg/531px-Charles-Louis_Muller-Victimes_de_la_terreur.jpg" decoding="async" width="354" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Charles-Louis_Muller-Victimes_de_la_terreur.jpg/796px-Charles-Louis_Muller-Victimes_de_la_terreur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Charles-Louis_Muller-Victimes_de_la_terreur.jpg/1062px-Charles-Louis_Muller-Victimes_de_la_terreur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4325" data-file-height="2445" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The poet <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Chenier" class="mw-redirect" title="André Chenier">André Chenier</a> and other victims of the Terror await judgement at the <i><a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a></i> (July 25, 1794)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 252px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bataille_de_Fleurus_1794.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="French victory at the Battle of Fleurus (June 26, 1794)"><img alt="French victory at the Battle of Fleurus (June 26, 1794)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bataille_de_Fleurus_1794.JPG/375px-Bataille_de_Fleurus_1794.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bataille_de_Fleurus_1794.JPG/563px-Bataille_de_Fleurus_1794.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bataille_de_Fleurus_1794.JPG/750px-Bataille_de_Fleurus_1794.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1794)" title="Battle of Fleurus (1794)">Battle of Fleurus</a> (June 26, 1794)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>June 8: <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_the_Supreme_Being" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival of the Supreme Being">Festival of the Supreme Being</a>, conducted by Robespierre. Some deputies visibly show annoyance with his behavior at the Festival.</li> <li>June 10: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Prairial" title="Law of 22 Prairial">Law of 22 Prairial</a> - As the prisons are full, the Convention speeds up the trials of those accused. Witnesses are no longer required to testify. From June 11 to July 27, 1,376 prisoners are sentenced to death, with no acquittals, compared with 1251 death sentences in the previous fourteen months. The convention also gives itself the exclusive right to arrest its own members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998369_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998369-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 12: Without naming names, Robespierre announces to the Convention that he will demand the heads of "intriguers" who are plotting against the convention.</li> <li>June 24: Carnot foresightedly despatched a large part of the Parisian artillery to the front.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 26: French forces under <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan" title="Jean-Baptiste Jourdan">Jourdan</a> defeat the Austrians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1794)" title="Battle of Fleurus (1794)">Battle of Fleurus</a>.</li> <li>June 29: Dispute within the Committee of Public Safety. <a href="/wiki/Billaud-Varenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Billaud-Varenne">Billaud-Varenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lazare_Nicolas_Marguerite_Carnot" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot">Carnot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collot_d%27Herbois" class="mw-redirect" title="Collot d'Herbois">Collot d'Herbois</a> accuse Robespierre of behaving like a dictator. He leaves the committee and does not return before July 23.</li> <li>July 1: Robespierre speaks at the Jacobin Club, denouncing a conspiracy against him within the convention, the Committee of Public Safety, and the Committee of General Security.</li> <li>July 8: French forces under Generals Jourdan and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Pichegru</a> capture Brussels from Austrians.</li> <li>July 9: Robespierre speaks again at the Jacobin Club, denying he has already made lists, and refusing to name those he plans to arrest.</li> <li>July 14: At the request of Robespierre, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Joseph Fouché</a> is expelled from the Jacobin Club.</li> <li>July 23: <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais" title="Alexandre de Beauharnais">Alexandre de Beauharnais</a> is tried and executed; his widow <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a> became Napoleon's mistress, and his wife in 1796.</li> <li>July 23: Robespierre attends a meeting of reconciliation with the members of the Committees of Public Safety and General Security, and the dispute seems settled.</li> <li>July 25: The poet <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A9nier" title="André Chénier">André Chénier</a> is among those guillotined.</li> <li>July 27: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_de_Choiseul" title="Marie Thérèse de Choiseul">Marie Thérèse de Choiseul</a>, the princess of Monaco is executed. Her execution would be one of the last during the Reign of Terror.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_26–28,_1794_–_Arrest_and_execution_of_Robespierre;_End_of_the_Terror"><span id="July_26.E2.80.9328.2C_1794_.E2.80.93_Arrest_and_execution_of_Robespierre.3B_End_of_the_Terror"></span>July 26–28, 1794 – Arrest and execution of Robespierre; End of the Terror</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: July 26–28, 1794 – Arrest and execution of Robespierre; End of the Terror"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction" title="Thermidorian Reaction">Thermidorian Reaction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Fall of Maximilien Robespierre">Fall of Maximilien Robespierre</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Max_Adamo_Sturz_Robespierres.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Convention rises against Robespierre (July 27, 1794)"><img alt="The Convention rises against Robespierre (July 27, 1794)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Max_Adamo_Sturz_Robespierres.JPG/450px-Max_Adamo_Sturz_Robespierres.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Max_Adamo_Sturz_Robespierres.JPG/675px-Max_Adamo_Sturz_Robespierres.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Max_Adamo_Sturz_Robespierres.JPG/899px-Max_Adamo_Sturz_Robespierres.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3021" data-file-height="2016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Convention rises against Robespierre (July 27, 1794)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Execution_robespierre,_saint_just....jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The execution of Robespierre (July 28, 1794)"><img alt="The execution of Robespierre (July 28, 1794)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg/462px-Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg/692px-Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg/923px-Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg 2x" data-file-width="3490" data-file-height="2270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The execution of Robespierre (July 28, 1794)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>July 26: Robespierre gives a violent speech at the convention, demanding, without naming them, the arrest and punishment of "traitors" in the Committees of Public Safety and General Security. The Convention first votes to publish the speech, but Billaud-Varenne and Cambon demand names and attack Robespierre. The Convention sends Robespierre's speech to the Committees for further study, without action.</li> <li>July 27: At noon, Saint-Just began his speech in the convention, prepared to blame everything on Billaud, Collot d'Herbois and Carnot. After a few minutes, Tallien interrupted him and began the attack. When the accusations began to pile up the Convention voted the arrest of Robespierre, and of his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Robespierre" title="Augustin Robespierre">Augustin Robespierre</a>, Saint-Just, Couthon and Lebas. <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot">François Hanriot</a> warned the sections that there would be an attempt to murder Robespierre and mobilized 2,400 National Guards in front of the town hall. In the meantime the five were taken to a prison, but refused by the jailors. An administrator of the police took Robespierre the older around 8 p.m. to the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Police_Prefecture" title="Paris Police Prefecture">police administration</a> on <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Île de la Cité">Île de la Cité</a>; Robespierre insisted being received in a prison.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He hesitated for legal reasons for possibly two hours. At around 10 p.m. the mayor appointed a delegation to go and convince Robespierre to join the Commune movement. Then the Convention declared the five deputies (plus the supporting members) to be outlaws. They expected crowds of supporters to join them during the night, but most left losing time in fruitless deliberation, without supplies or instructions.</li> <li>July 28: At two in the morning, soldiers loyal to the Convention take the <i>Hôtel de Ville</i> without a fight. Robespierre is wounded in the jaw by a gunshot, either from a gendarme or self-inflicted. His brother is badly injured jumping from the window. In the morning, Robespierre and his supporters are taken to the Revolutionary Tribunal for formal identification. Since they have been declared outside the law, no trial is considered necessary. In the evening of July 28, Robespierre and his supporters, including his brother, Saint-Just, Couthon and Hanriot, 22 in all, are guillotined.</li> <li>July 29: Arrest and execution of seventy allies of Robespierre within the Paris Commune. In all, 106 Robespierrists are guillotined.</li> <li>August 5: Inmates of Paris prisons arrested under the Law of Suspects are released.</li> <li>August 9: Napoléon Bonaparte is arrested in Nice, but released on August 20.</li> <li>August 24: The Convention reorganizes the government, distributing power among sixteen different committees.</li> <li>August 29: First anti-Jacobin demonstration in Paris by disaffected young middle-class Parisians called <a href="/wiki/Muscadins" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscadins">Muscadins</a>.</li> <li>August 30: French army retakes <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-sur-l%27Escaut" title="Condé-sur-l'Escaut">Condé-sur-l'Escaut</a>. All French territory is now freed of foreign occupation.</li> <li>August 31: The Convention puts Paris under the direct control of the national government.</li> <li>September 1: The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Monuments_fran%C3%A7ais_(1795%E2%80%931816)" title="Musée des Monuments français (1795–1816)">Musée des Monuments français</a></i> is founded to protect religious architecture and art threatened with destruction.</li> <li>September 13: The <a href="/wiki/Henri_Gr%C3%A9goire" title="Henri Grégoire">Abbé Grégoire</a>, a member of the convention, coins the term "<a href="/wiki/Vandalism" title="Vandalism">vandalism</a>" to describe destruction of religious monuments across France</li> <li>September 18: The Convention stops paying officially sanctioned priests and stops maintaining church properties.</li> <li>September 21: The remains of Marat are placed in the Panthéon.</li> <li>October 1: Confrontations in the meetings of the Paris sections between supporters and opponents of the Terror.</li> <li>October 3: Arrest of the leaders of the bands of armed <i>sans-culottes</i> in Paris.</li> <li>October 6: A French army captures <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>.</li> <li>October 22: Foundation of the Central School of Public Works, the future <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique" class="mw-redirect" title="École Polytechnique">École Polytechnique</a></i></li> <li>November 9: <i>Muscadins</i> attack the Jacobin Club. The attack is repeated on November 11.</li> <li>November 12: The Convention orders the suspension of meetings of the Jacobin Club.</li> <li>November 19: Treaty of London between the United States and England calls for joint suppression of French <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">corsairs</a> and a blockade of French ports.</li> <li>December 3: The Convention forms a committee of sixteen members to complete work on the Constitution of 1793.</li> <li>December 8: Seventy-three surviving Girondin deputies are given seats again in the convention.</li> <li>December 16: Conviction and execution of the Jacobin <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Carrier" title="Jean-Baptiste Carrier">Carrier</a> for ordering the mass execution of as many as 10.000 prisoners in the Vendée</li> <li>December 24: The Convention repeals the law setting maximum prices for grain and other food products.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1795_–_The_Directory_Replaces_the_Convention"><span id="1795_.E2.80.93_The_Directory_Replaces_the_Convention"></span>1795 – The Directory Replaces the Convention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 1795 – The Directory Replaces the Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Incroyables_(1795,_Loursay).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Two Muscadins in Paris (1795)"><img alt="Two Muscadins in Paris (1795)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Les_Incroyables_%281795%2C_Loursay%29.jpg/204px-Les_Incroyables_%281795%2C_Loursay%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Les_Incroyables_%281795%2C_Loursay%29.jpg/305px-Les_Incroyables_%281795%2C_Loursay%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Les_Incroyables_%281795%2C_Loursay%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="589" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two <a href="/wiki/Muscadins" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscadins">Muscadins</a> in Paris (1795)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Barras.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul Barras in the ceremonial dress of a French Director"><img alt="Paul Barras in the ceremonial dress of a French Director" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Paul_Barras.jpg/222px-Paul_Barras.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Paul_Barras.jpg/334px-Paul_Barras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Paul_Barras.jpg/445px-Paul_Barras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="3223" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul Barras</a> in the ceremonial dress of a French Director</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>January 19: French army of Pichegru captures <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>.</li> <li>January 21: French cavalry <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder" title="Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder">capture the Dutch fleet</a>, trapped in the ice at Den Helder.</li> <li>February 2: Confrontations between <i>Muscadins</i> and <i>sans-culottes</i> in Paris streets.</li> <li>February 5: The semi-official government newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Moniteur_Universel" title="Le Moniteur Universel">Le Moniteur Universel</a></i> condemns the past incitement to violence and terror by Marat and his allies.</li> <li>February 8: Removal of the remains of Marat and three other extreme Jacobins from the <i>Panthéon</i>.</li> <li>February 14; Several former Jacobin leaders in Lyon, who conducted the Terror there, are assassinated, beginning of the so-called <a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">First White Terror</a>.</li> <li>February 17: An amnesty granted to former Vendéen rebels, restoring freedom of religion.</li> <li>February 21: On a proposal by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Antoine_de_Boissy_d%27Anglas" title="François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas">Boissy d'Anglas</a>, the Convention proclaims freedom of religion and the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a>.</li> <li>February 22: In the convention, the deputy <a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Joseph_Fran%C3%A7ois_Xavier_Rov%C3%A8re" title="Stanislas Joseph François Xavier Rovère">Rovère</a> demands the punishment of Jacobins who carried out the Terror. Former Jacobin leaders in several cities placed under arrest. Four Jacobins in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> who conducted the Terror there are assassinated.</li> <li>March 2: The Convention orders the arrest of Barère, Billaud-Varenne, Collot d'Herbois and Vadier, the Jacobins who had orchestrated the downfall of Robespierre.</li> <li>March 5: In Toulon, arrest of the Jacobins who had carried out mass executions of the population.</li> <li>March 8: Riot in Toulon by <i>sans-culottes</i>, who execute seven imprisoned <i>émigrés</i>.</li> <li>March 17: Food riots in Paris.</li> <li>March 19: Grain supplies in Paris are exhausted. The <i><a href="/wiki/Assignat" title="Assignat">assignat</a></i> falls to eight percent of its original value.</li> <li>March 21: On a proposal by <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Sieyès</a>, the Convention votes the death penalty for leaders of movements who try to overthrow the government.</li> <li>March 28: Beginning of the trial of <a href="/wiki/Fouquier-Tinville" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquier-Tinville">Fouquier-Tinville</a>, the head of the Revolutionary Tribunal, who conducted the trials during the Terror.</li> <li>April 1: <a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_12_Germinal,_Year_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurrection of 12 Germinal, Year III">Insurrection of 12 Germinal, Year III</a>. <i>Sans-culottes</i> invade Convention, but leave when the National Guard arrives. Paris is declared in a state of siege.</li> <li>April 1: The Convention orders the deportation to <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> of Barère, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Nicolas_Billaud-Varenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne">Billaud-Varenne</a>, and Collot d'Herbois, and the arrest of eight extreme-left deputies.</li> <li>April 2: The French army under Pichegru suppresses an armed uprising in the <a href="/wiki/Faubourg_Saint-Antoine" title="Faubourg Saint-Antoine">Faubourg Saint-Antoine</a>.</li> <li>April 5: Signature of a peace agreement between <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and France in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>. Prussia accepts the French annexation of the left bank of the Rhine.</li> <li>April 10: Convention orders the disarmament of Jacobins who were involved in the Terror.</li> <li>April 11: The Convention restores civic rights to all citizens declared outside the law since May 31, 1793.</li> <li>April 19: Assassination of six Jacobins involved in the Terror in <a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse" title="Bourg-en-Bresse">Bourg-en-Bresse</a>.</li> <li>April 23: The Convention names a commission of eight members to revise the Constitution.</li> <li>May 2: Agreement of last Vendéen rebels to lay down their arms in exchange for amnesty.</li> <li>May 4: Massacre of twenty-five Jacobins imprisoned in Lyon.</li> <li>May 7: The former chief prosecutor, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Quentin_Fouquier-Tinville" title="Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville">Fouquier-Tinville</a>, and the fourteen jurors of the Revolutionary Tribunal are condemned to death and guillotined.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_20–24,_1795_–_Last_Paris_uprising_by_the_Jacobins_and_sans-culottes"><span id="May_20.E2.80.9324.2C_1795_.E2.80.93_Last_Paris_uprising_by_the_Jacobins_and_sans-culottes"></span>May 20–24, 1795 – Last Paris uprising by the Jacobins and <i>sans-culottes</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: May 20–24, 1795 – Last Paris uprising by the Jacobins and sans-culottes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>May 20: <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_1_Prairial_Year_III" title="Revolt of 1 Prairial Year III">Armed uprising against the Convention</a> by Jacobins and <i>sans-culottes</i>. They invade the hall of the convention and kill deputy Féraud. The army responds quickly and clears out the hall. The Convention votes the arrest of the Deputies involved in the uprising.</li> <li>May 21: New uprising of Jacobins and <i>sans-culottes</i> in Paris; they occupy the <i>Hôtel de Ville</i>.</li> <li>May 22: Third day of uprising in Paris. The Convention orders the army to occupy the Faubourg Saint-Antoine.</li> <li>May 24: The army secures the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, and disarms and arrests the participants in the uprising.</li> <li>May 28: The last Jacobin former members of the Committees of Public Safety and General Security are arrested.</li> <li>May 31: The Convention abolishes the Revolutionary Tribunal.</li> <li>June 8: Death of the 10-year-old <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVII of France">Louis XVII</a> imprisoned in the Temple. His uncle in exile, the <i>comte de Provence</i>, inherits the title as <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVIII of France">Louis XVIII</a>, king of France.</li> <li>June 10: The Convention decriminalizes the <i>émigrés</i> who fled France after the Jacobin seizure of power on May 26, 1793.</li> <li>June 12: Deputies who supported the May 20–22 uprising are put on trial.</li> <li>June 17: Suicide of six deputies condemned to death for participation in the May 20–22 uprising.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_25_–_July_27,_1795_–_Renewed_uprisings_in_the_Vendée_and_a_royalist_invasion_of_Brittany"><span id="June_25_.E2.80.93_July_27.2C_1795_.E2.80.93_Renewed_uprisings_in_the_Vend.C3.A9e_and_a_royalist_invasion_of_Brittany"></span>June 25 – July 27, 1795 – Renewed uprisings in the Vendée and a royalist invasion of Brittany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: June 25 – July 27, 1795 – Renewed uprisings in the Vendée and a royalist invasion of Brittany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>June 23: The rebels of the Vendée, under <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Charette" title="François de Charette">Charette</a>, resume their rebellion.</li> <li>June 23: In support of the <a href="/wiki/Chouan" title="Chouan">Chouans</a>, an army of <i>émigrés</i>, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Puisaye" title="Joseph-Geneviève de Puisaye">Joseph de Puisaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_France_(1795)" title="Invasion of France (1795)">landed at Quiberon</a>.</li> <li>June 26: An army of four thousand royalist <i>émigrés</i> is landed by the British in the Bay of <a href="/wiki/Carnac" title="Carnac">Carnac</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>.</li> <li>June 30: The royalist army of <i>émigrés</i> in Brittany is defeated in front of <a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> by General Hoche.</li> <li>June 30: The Chouans are forced to abandon <a href="/wiki/Auray" title="Auray">Auray</a>. The royalist army retreats to the peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Quiberon" title="Quiberon">Quiberon</a>, where on July 7 they are besieged by Hoche.</li> <li>July 15: Two thousand more royalist <i>émigrés</i> are landed at Quiberon, where they also are trapped by Hoche.</li> <li>July 17: The French <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Western_Pyrenees" title="Army of the Western Pyrenees">Army of the Western Pyrenees</a> in Spain under <a href="/wiki/Bon_Adrien_Jeannot_de_Moncey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bon Adrien Jeannot de Moncey">Moncey</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a> and takes <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> on July 19.</li> <li>July 21: The royalist army in Quiberon surrenders. 748 émigrés are executed by firing squad.</li> <li>July 22: The <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Basel" title="Peace of Basel">Peace of Basel</a> is signed between Spain and France. France receives from Spain the western portion of the island of Saint-Dominigue (now the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>). With Spain out of the war, France is at war only with Austria and England.</li> <li>August 9: The Convention orders the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Joseph Fouché</a> and several other <i>Montagnard</i> deputies.</li> <li>August 15: The Convention adopts the <a href="/wiki/French_Franc" class="mw-redirect" title="French Franc">Franc</a> as the French monetary unit.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_22_–_September_23,_1795_–_The_new_Constitution_is_approved:_the_Directory_takes_power"><span id="August_22_.E2.80.93_September_23.2C_1795_.E2.80.93_The_new_Constitution_is_approved:_the_Directory_takes_power"></span>August 22 – September 23, 1795 – The new Constitution is approved: the Directory takes power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: August 22 – September 23, 1795 – The new Constitution is approved: the Directory takes power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>August 22: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_III" title="Constitution of the Year III">Constitution of the Year III</a> (<i>Constitution de l'An III</i>), the new Constitution, is adopted by the convention. It calls for an upper and lower house of the parliament, on the American and British models, and an executive Directory of five members. According to the terms of the Constitution, two-thirds of the deputies of the new Assembly are former deputies of the convention.</li> <li>September 23: Approved by a national referendum, the new Constitution comes into effect.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_5,_1795_–_"A_whiff_of_grapeshot":_General_Bonaparte_suppresses_a_royalist_rebellion_in_Paris"><span id="October_5.2C_1795_.E2.80.93_.22A_whiff_of_grapeshot.22:_General_Bonaparte_suppresses_a_royalist_rebellion_in_Paris"></span>October 5, 1795 – "A whiff of grapeshot": General Bonaparte suppresses a royalist rebellion in Paris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: October 5, 1795 – "A whiff of grapeshot": General Bonaparte suppresses a royalist rebellion in Paris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>October 5: <a href="/wiki/13_Vend%C3%A9miaire" title="13 Vendémiaire">An armed royalist uprising</a> threatens the convention. On the orders of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul Barras</a>, in charge of the defense of Paris, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">General Bonaparte</a> leads the army against the uprising. He uses cannons with grapeshot to break up a rebel gathering in front of the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Paris" title="Saint-Roch, Paris">church of Saint-Roch</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue Saint-Honoré">rue Saint-Honoré</a></i>.</li> <li>October 12: Beginning of elections to the new chambers of the legislature, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Hundred" title="Council of Five Hundred">Council of Five Hundred</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ancients" title="Council of Ancients">Council of Ancients</a>.</li> <li>October 12: <i>Montagnard</i> army officers dismissed under the convention are reintegrated into the army.</li> <li>October 23: The <i>assignat</i> falls to just three percent of its nominal value. Twenty billion (20,000,000,000) notes in circulation.</li> <li>October 26: Bonaparte is named commander in chief of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Interior" title="Army of the Interior">Army of the Interior</a>.</li> <li>October 31: The first <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory</a> is elected by the legislature; its members are <a href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_La_R%C3%A9velli%C3%A8re-L%C3%A9peaux" title="Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux">Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rewbell" title="Jean-François Rewbell">Jean-François Rewbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Fran%C3%A7ois_Letourneur" title="Étienne-François Letourneur">Étienne-François Letourneur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul Barras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a>, who declines to serve and is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Carnot</a>.</li> <li>December 10: The legislature votes a forced loan of six hundred million francs to be taken from the wealthiest French citizens.</li> <li>December 26: The daughter of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of France"><i>Madame Royale</i></a>, imprisoned in the Temple since August 1792, is exchanged for a group of republican prisoners held in Austria.</li> <li>December 31: Armistice on the Rhine halting combat between the French and Austrian armies.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1796_–_Napoleon's_campaign_in_Italy;_Defeat_of_the_royalists_in_the_Vendée;_a_failed_uprising_in_Paris"><span id="1796_.E2.80.93_Napoleon.27s_campaign_in_Italy.3B_Defeat_of_the_royalists_in_the_Vend.C3.A9e.3B_a_failed_uprising_in_Paris"></span>1796 – Napoleon's campaign in Italy; Defeat of the royalists in the Vendée; a failed uprising in Paris</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: 1796 – Napoleon's campaign in Italy; Defeat of the royalists in the Vendée; a failed uprising in Paris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Bonaparte_giving_orders_at_the_Battle_of_Lodi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Lodi (May 10, 1796)"><img alt="General Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Lodi (May 10, 1796)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/General_Bonaparte_giving_orders_at_the_Battle_of_Lodi.jpg/399px-General_Bonaparte_giving_orders_at_the_Battle_of_Lodi.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/General_Bonaparte_giving_orders_at_the_Battle_of_Lodi.jpg/598px-General_Bonaparte_giving_orders_at_the_Battle_of_Lodi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/General_Bonaparte_giving_orders_at_the_Battle_of_Lodi.jpg/797px-General_Bonaparte_giving_orders_at_the_Battle_of_Lodi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2358" data-file-height="1775" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lodi" title="Battle of Lodi">Battle of Lodi</a> (May 10, 1796)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 264px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 262px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capture_Charette.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The capture of François de Charette, the royalist leader in the Vendée (February 23, 1796)"><img alt="The capture of François de Charette, the royalist leader in the Vendée (February 23, 1796)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Capture_Charette.jpg/393px-Capture_Charette.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Capture_Charette.jpg/590px-Capture_Charette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Capture_Charette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="494" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The capture of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Charette" title="François de Charette">François de Charette</a>, the royalist leader in the Vendée (February 23, 1796)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 243.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attaque_camp_de_Grenelle.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Failed uprising at the Grenelle military camp by Montagnards and followers of Babeuf (9 September 1796)"><img alt="Failed uprising at the Grenelle military camp by Montagnards and followers of Babeuf (9 September 1796)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Attaque_camp_de_Grenelle.jpeg/365px-Attaque_camp_de_Grenelle.jpeg" decoding="async" width="244" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Attaque_camp_de_Grenelle.jpeg/547px-Attaque_camp_de_Grenelle.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Attaque_camp_de_Grenelle.jpeg/729px-Attaque_camp_de_Grenelle.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3223" data-file-height="2652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Failed uprising at the Grenelle military camp by Montagnards and followers of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Babeuf</a> (9 September 1796)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 266px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 264px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Bataille_du_Pont_d%27Arcole.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Bonaparte leads his soldiers across a bridge at the Battle of Arcole (November 15–17, 1796)"><img alt="General Bonaparte leads his soldiers across a bridge at the Battle of Arcole (November 15–17, 1796)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/La_Bataille_du_Pont_d%27Arcole.jpg/396px-La_Bataille_du_Pont_d%27Arcole.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/La_Bataille_du_Pont_d%27Arcole.jpg/593px-La_Bataille_du_Pont_d%27Arcole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/La_Bataille_du_Pont_d%27Arcole.jpg/791px-La_Bataille_du_Pont_d%27Arcole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General Bonaparte leads his soldiers across a bridge at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcole" title="Battle of Arcole">Battle of Arcole</a> (November 15–17, 1796)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>January 2: Creation by the Directory of the Ministry of the Police, under <a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Merlin de Douai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>January 21: Commemoration of the anniversary of Louis XVI's execution. Director Rewbell gives a speech denouncing the extremism of the left.</li> <li>January 25: The Directory is given the provisional power to name the administrators of cities.</li> <li>January 26: The royalist and rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_Stofflet" title="Jean-Nicolas Stofflet">Nicolas Stofflet</a> tries to restart the <a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a>.</li> <li>February 2: <a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone" title="Wolfe Tone">Wolfe Tone</a>, leader of the Irish revolutionaries, arrives in France, seeking military support to liberate <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>.</li> <li>February 19: The government stops issuing <i>assignats</i>, which have lost most of their value. Thirty-nine billion (39,000,000,000) are in circulation.</li> <li>February 20: The United States and Britain extend their treaty of November 19, 1794. Relations between France and the United States deteriorate.</li> <li>February 23: The Vendéen rebel and royalist leader Nicolas Stofflet is captured and executed by firing squad in <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> the following day.</li> <li>February 28: On the orders of the Directory, General Bonaparte closes the extreme leftist <a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_Club" title="Panthéon Club"><i>Club du Panthéon</i></a>, founded by a follower of Marat.</li> <li>March 2: The Directory names General Bonaparte the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Italy_(France)" title="Army of Italy (France)">Army of Italy</a>.</li> <li>March 9: Marriage of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a>, the widow of <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais" title="Alexandre de Beauharnais">Alexandre de Beauharnais</a>, a French general and political leader guillotined during the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a>.</li> <li>March 18: The Directory replaces the <i>assignat</i> with two billion four hundred million <a href="/wiki/Mandats_territoriaux" title="Mandats territoriaux">Mandats territoriaux</a>, which can be used to purchase nationalized property. Within three weeks they lose eighty percent of their value.</li> <li>March 23: François de Charette, last leader of the royalist rebellion in Vendée, is captured and executed by firing squad in <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>.</li> <li>March 30: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">François-Noël Babeuf</a>, known as "Gracchus Babeuf", the ultra-leftist leader and precursor of <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a>, forms an insurrectional committee and movement, called <i>Les Égaux</i> ("the Equals"), to overthrow the government. They hold a demonstration in Paris on April 6.</li> <li>April 10: Bonaparte begins his <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">Italian campaign</a> with victories over the Austrians at Montenotte (April 12) and the Sardinians at Millesimo (April 13).</li> <li>May 2: Babeuf's followers and the remaining <a href="/wiki/The_Mountain" title="The Mountain">Montagnards</a> form a common plan to overthrow the Directory.</li> <li>May 9: Bonaparte forces an armistice upon the <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand, Duke of Parma">Duke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma">Duchess of Parma.</a></li> <li>May 10: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lodi" title="Battle of Lodi">Battle of Lodi</a>.</li> <li>May 15: Treaty signed in Paris between the Directory and king <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_III_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia</a>. The king agrees to cede <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> to France.</li> <li>May 19: In <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Bonaparte promises "independence" for Italy.</li> <li>May 20: The Austrians renounce the armistice along the Rhine, and the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Campaign_of_1796" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine Campaign of 1796">war</a> resumes on that front.</li> <li>June 4: Bonaparte begins the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mantua_(1796%E2%80%9397)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Mantua (1796–97)">siege of Mantua</a>, the last Italian city held by Austria.</li> <li>June 5: Bonaparte signs an armistice with the <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">king of Sicily</a>.</li> <li>June 12: Bonaparte's army enters <a href="/wiki/Romagna" title="Romagna">Romagna</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>.</li> <li>June 22: End of the civil war in the west of France, with the submission of <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cadoudal" title="Georges Cadoudal">Georges Cadoudal</a> and the departure of <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Frott%C3%A9" title="Louis de Frotté">Louis de Frotté</a> for England.</li> <li>June 23: Bonaparte signs the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Bologna" title="Armistice of Bologna">Armistice of Bologna</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, which permits the French occupation of the northern Papal States.</li> <li>July 9: The Island of <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a> is occupied by the British.</li> <li>July 10: A new Austrian army under <a href="/wiki/Dagobert_Sigmund_von_Wurmser" title="Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser">Wurmser</a> arrives in Italy.</li> <li>July 16: General <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="Jean-Baptiste Kléber">Kléber</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>.</li> <li>July 18: French army under General <a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" title="Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>.</li> <li>July 20: General <a href="/wiki/Hoche" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoche">Hoche</a> is named head of an army to invade Ireland in support of the Irish independence movement.</li> <li>August 5: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians under <a href="/wiki/Dagobert_Sigmund_von_Wurmser" title="Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser">Wurmser</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castiglione" title="Battle of Castiglione">Battle of Castiglione</a>. The Austrian army retreats to the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">Tyrol</a>.</li> <li>August 19: <a href="/wiki/Second_Treaty_of_San_Ildefonso" title="Second Treaty of San Ildefonso">Treaty of alliance</a> signed between France and Spain at San Ildefonso.</li> <li>September 8: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians under Wurmser at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassano" title="Battle of Bassano">Battle of Bassano</a>.</li> <li>September 9: Failed insurrection at the Grenelle army camp Paris by followers of Gracchus Babeuf, and diehard <i>Montagnards</i>, infiltrated by agents of the police.</li> <li>October 5: Spain, now allied with France, declares war on Britain.</li> <li>October 10: The thirty-two leaders of the September 9–10 Babeuf uprising are tried by a military tribunal and sentenced to death.</li> <li>October 16: Bonaparte encourages the proclamation of a <a href="/wiki/Cispadane_Republic" title="Cispadane Republic">Cispadane Republic</a> in northern Italy, composed of <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a> and some of the Papal states.</li> <li>November 2: Austria sends two more armies to northern Italy to confront Bonaparte.</li> <li>November 15–17: Decisive victory of Bonaparte over the Austrians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcole" title="Battle of Arcole">Battle of Arcole</a>.</li> <li>December 4: Abrogation of the harshest parts of the October 25, 1795 laws punishing <i>émigrés</i> and refractory priests.</li> <li>December 15–17: Departure from <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> of a fleet carrying a French army commanded by Hoche <a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_d%27Irlande" class="mw-redirect" title="Expédition d'Irlande">to invade Ireland</a>.</li> <li>December 24–25: Storms dislocate the <a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_d%27Irlande" class="mw-redirect" title="Expédition d'Irlande">French invasion</a> fleet off the coast of Ireland and force it to return to France.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1797_–_Bonaparte_chases_the_Austrians_from_Italy;_a_republican_coup_d'état_against_the_royalists_in_Paris"><span id="1797_.E2.80.93_Bonaparte_chases_the_Austrians_from_Italy.3B_a_republican_coup_d.27.C3.A9tat_against_the_royalists_in_Paris"></span>1797 – Bonaparte chases the Austrians from Italy; a republican coup d'état against the royalists in Paris</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: 1797 – Bonaparte chases the Austrians from Italy; a republican coup d'état against the royalists in Paris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques-Louis_David_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Bonaparte by David (1797)"><img alt="General Bonaparte by David (1797)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jacques-Louis_David_011.jpg/236px-Jacques-Louis_David_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jacques-Louis_David_011.jpg/354px-Jacques-Louis_David_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jacques-Louis_David_011.jpg/472px-Jacques-Louis_David_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General Bonaparte by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Louis_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Louis David">David</a> (1797)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 237.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 235.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon_at_the_Battle_of_Rivoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bonaparte defeats Austrians at the Battle of Rivoli (January 14, 1797 )"><img alt="Bonaparte defeats Austrians at the Battle of Rivoli (January 14, 1797 )" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Napoleon_at_the_Battle_of_Rivoli.jpg/353px-Napoleon_at_the_Battle_of_Rivoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Napoleon_at_the_Battle_of_Rivoli.jpg/530px-Napoleon_at_the_Battle_of_Rivoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Napoleon_at_the_Battle_of_Rivoli.jpg/707px-Napoleon_at_the_Battle_of_Rivoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1698" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bonaparte defeats Austrians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rivoli" title="Battle of Rivoli">Battle of Rivoli</a> (January 14, 1797 )</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 248.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Augereau_Coup_d_etat_18_Fructidor_in_Tuileries.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Republican coup d'état of September 4, 1797. Arrest of General Pichegru and other royalist leaders of the legislature by the army at the Tuileries Palace."><img alt="Republican coup d'état of September 4, 1797. Arrest of General Pichegru and other royalist leaders of the legislature by the army at the Tuileries Palace." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Augereau_Coup_d_etat_18_Fructidor_in_Tuileries.jpg/373px-Augereau_Coup_d_etat_18_Fructidor_in_Tuileries.jpg" decoding="async" width="249" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Augereau_Coup_d_etat_18_Fructidor_in_Tuileries.jpg/559px-Augereau_Coup_d_etat_18_Fructidor_in_Tuileries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Augereau_Coup_d_etat_18_Fructidor_in_Tuileries.jpg/745px-Augereau_Coup_d_etat_18_Fructidor_in_Tuileries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3914" data-file-height="3153" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Republican coup d'état of September 4, 1797. Arrest of General <a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Pichegru</a> and other royalist leaders of the legislature by the army at the Tuileries Palace.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_JEAN_CHARLES_PICHEGRU.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Pichegru, leader of the royalist party"><img alt="General Pichegru, leader of the royalist party" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_JEAN_CHARLES_PICHEGRU.jpg/250px-G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_JEAN_CHARLES_PICHEGRU.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_JEAN_CHARLES_PICHEGRU.jpg/374px-G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_JEAN_CHARLES_PICHEGRU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_JEAN_CHARLES_PICHEGRU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General <a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Pichegru</a>, leader of the royalist party</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>January 7: A new Austrian army commanded by General <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Alvinczi" title="József Alvinczi">József Alvinczi</a> is sent to fight General Bonaparte in Italy.</li> <li>January 14: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rivoli" title="Battle of Rivoli">Battle of Rivoli</a>.</li> <li>February 2: Surrender of last Austrian forces in Italy, in <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mantua_(1796%E2%80%9397)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Mantua (1796–97)">Mantua</a>, to Bonaparte.</li> <li>February 9: Bonaparte occupies <a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a> to force <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a> to negotiate with him. Negotiations begin February 12.</li> <li>February 14: Defeat of the Spanish fleet, ally of the French, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1797)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797)">Battle of Cape Saint Vincent</a>.</li> <li>February 19: Pius VI cedes <a href="/wiki/Comtat_Venaissin" title="Comtat Venaissin">Comtat Venaissin</a> and the northern portion of the Italian papal states to the new <a href="/wiki/Cispadane_Republic" title="Cispadane Republic">Cispadane Republic</a>.</li> <li>February 20: Beginning of the trial of Babeuf and his leading followers at the High Court of Justice in <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%B4me" title="Vendôme">Vendôme</a>.</li> <li>March 2: The Directory authorizes French warships to capture U.S. ships, in retaliation for the British-US treaty of February 20, 1796.</li> <li>March 9: Bonaparte begins a new offensive in Italy against the army of the <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen</a>.</li> <li>March 18: French voters are required to take an oath of fidelity to the government before voting on April 18.</li> <li>April 7: After a series of victories by Bonaparte, the Austrians agree to negotiate.</li> <li>April 18: Preliminary <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Leoben" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Leoben">Treaty of Leoben</a>; Austria gives up its claim to the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Netherlands" title="Austrian Netherlands">Austrian Netherlands</a> ("Belgian Provinces"); a secret agreement divides the territories of Venice between Austria and France.</li> <li>April 18: Results of partial elections for the legislature. 205 of the 216 deputies running are defeated, and many are replaced by royalists.</li> <li>April 27: Massacre of anti-French insurgents in <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a> by French army.</li> <li>April 30: The Directory ratifies the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Leoben" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Leoben">Treaty of Leoben</a>.</li> <li>May 2: Bonaparte declares war on Venice.</li> <li>May 12: Revolutionaries overthrow the government council (<a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">Patriciate</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Venice</a>.</li> <li>May 16: Bonaparte begins negotiations with the <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge of Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Manin" title="Ludovico Manin">Ludovico Manin</a>.</li> <li>May 20: New session of the French legislature begins. The royalist Pichegru is chosen president of the Council of Five Hundred, and another royalist, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Barb%C3%A9-Marbois" title="François Barbé-Marbois">François Barbé-Marbois</a> becomes president of the Council of Ancients.</li> <li>May 20: A drawing of lots removes the moderate republican <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Fran%C3%A7ois_Letourneur" title="Étienne-François Letourneur">Étienne-François Letourneur</a>. He is replaced by the royalist diplomat <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie,_marquis_de_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy">François Barthélemy</a> on June 6.</li> <li>May 26: The political agitator <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Babeuf</a> and one supporter, <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Alexandre_Darth%C3%A9" title="Augustin Alexandre Darthé">Darthé</a>, are sentenced to death. They are executed in <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%B4me" title="Vendôme">Vendôme</a> on May 27.</li> <li>June 4: First meeting of the <i>Cercle Constitutionnel</i>, a club of prominent moderate republican deputies. Its leaders include <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Sieyès</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominique-Joseph_Garat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominique-Joseph Garat">Garat</a>.</li> <li>June 14: Bonaparte installs a new government in <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, with the aim of creating a new <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Republic" title="Ligurian Republic">Ligurian Republic</a>.</li> <li>June 24: The Director Paul Barras contacts General Hoche, seeking support for a <i>coup d'état</i> against the royalist majority in the two Councils.</li> <li>June 27: The royalist majority in the Councils repeals the law of October 25, 1795, which added punishments against refractory priests and <i>émigrés</i>.</li> <li>June 28: French troops land on <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a>, previously owned by Venice.</li> <li>June 28: General Hoche sends 15,000 soldiers from the Rhine to Brest via Paris, on the pretext of planning an invasion of Ireland.</li> <li>July 3: Talleyrand proposes a French expedition against <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.</li> <li>July 9: The French support the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic" title="Cisalpine Republic">Cisalpine Republic</a>, composed of the former <a href="/wiki/Cispadane_Republic" title="Cispadane Republic">Cispadane Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>.</li> <li>July 16: Conflict within the Directory between Barthélemy and Carnot, favorable to the monarchists, and the three pro-republican directors, Barras, La Révellière-Lépeaux, and Rewbell.</li> <li>July 17: The army of Hoche arrives within three <a href="/wiki/League_(unit)" title="League (unit)">leagues</a> (see also: <a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement_in_France_before_the_French_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution">Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution</a>) of Paris, a violation of the Constitution. The royalist Councils protest.</li> <li>July 20: Barras produces evidence that General Pichegru was in secret correspondence with <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVIII of France">Louis XVIII</a> and the monarchists. Carnot joins sides with the three republican directors.</li> <li>July 25: The Councils vote a law forbidding political clubs, including the republican <i>Cercle Constitutionnel</i>.</li> <li>July 27: Bonaparte sends General <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Augereau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Augereau">Augereau</a> to Paris as military commander of the city, to support a <i>coup d'état</i> against the royalists.</li> <li>August 16: Bonaparte writes to the Directory, proposing a military intervention in Egypt "to truly destroy England".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_4,_1797_–_A_republican_coup_d'état_against_the_royalists"><span id="September_4.2C_1797_.E2.80.93_A_republican_coup_d.27.C3.A9tat_against_the_royalists"></span>September 4, 1797 – A republican coup d'état against the royalists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: September 4, 1797 – A republican coup d'état against the royalists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>September 4: Coup d'état of <a href="/wiki/18_Fructidor#18_Fructidor" class="mw-redirect" title="18 Fructidor">18 Fructidor</a> against the royalists in the legislature. Augereau arrests Barthélemy, Pichegru, and the leading royalist deputies.</li> <li>September 5: The Directory forces the Councils to adopt new laws annulling the elections of 200 royalist deputies in 53 departments, and deporting 65 royalist leaders and journalists.</li> <li>September 8: Election of two new republican directors, <a href="/wiki/Merlin_de_Douai" class="mw-redirect" title="Merlin de Douai">Merlin de Douai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a>, to replace Carnot and Barthélemy.</li> <li>September 23: General Augereau, who carried out the September 4 coup, is named commander of the new Army of the Rhine.</li> <li>September 29: Directory instructs Bonaparte to win major concessions in negotiations with Austria, and, in the event of refusal, to march on <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.</li> <li>October 17: Signature of peace between Austria and France in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a>. Austria obtains Venice and its possessions, while France receives Belgium and the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine River">Rhine River</a> as far as <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>.</li> <li>December 21: Bonaparte meets with the Irish leader <a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone" title="Wolfe Tone">Wolfe Tone</a> to discuss a future French landing in Ireland.</li> <li>December 28: Anti-French riots in Rome, and murder of a French general, <a href="/wiki/Mathurin-L%C3%A9onard_Duphot" title="Mathurin-Léonard Duphot">Mathurin-Léonard Duphot</a>.</li> <li>December 29: Pope Pius VI apologizes to France for the Rome riots; apologies are rejected by the Directory.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1798_–_New_republics_in_Switzerland_and_Italy;_an_election_annulled;_Bonaparte_invades_Egypt"><span id="1798_.E2.80.93_New_republics_in_Switzerland_and_Italy.3B_an_election_annulled.3B_Bonaparte_invades_Egypt"></span>1798 – New republics in Switzerland and Italy; an election annulled; Bonaparte invades Egypt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: 1798 – New republics in Switzerland and Italy; an election annulled; Bonaparte invades Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 258.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entr%C3%A9e_de_l%E2%80%99Arm%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7aise_%C3%A0_Rome_-_Hippolyte_Lecomte.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The French Army under General Berthier enters Rome (February 10, 1798)"><img alt="The French Army under General Berthier enters Rome (February 10, 1798)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Entr%C3%A9e_de_l%E2%80%99Arm%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7aise_%C3%A0_Rome_-_Hippolyte_Lecomte.png/388px-Entr%C3%A9e_de_l%E2%80%99Arm%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7aise_%C3%A0_Rome_-_Hippolyte_Lecomte.png" decoding="async" width="259" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Entr%C3%A9e_de_l%E2%80%99Arm%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7aise_%C3%A0_Rome_-_Hippolyte_Lecomte.png/583px-Entr%C3%A9e_de_l%E2%80%99Arm%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7aise_%C3%A0_Rome_-_Hippolyte_Lecomte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Entr%C3%A9e_de_l%E2%80%99Arm%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7aise_%C3%A0_Rome_-_Hippolyte_Lecomte.png/777px-Entr%C3%A9e_de_l%E2%80%99Arm%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7aise_%C3%A0_Rome_-_Hippolyte_Lecomte.png 2x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="1081" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The French Army under General <a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Berthier</a> enters Rome (February 10, 1798)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 287.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 285.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baron_Antoine-Jean_Gros-Battle_Pyramids_1810.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Bonaparte at the Battle of the Pyramids (July 21, 1798)"><img alt="General Bonaparte at the Battle of the Pyramids (July 21, 1798)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Baron_Antoine-Jean_Gros-Battle_Pyramids_1810.jpg/428px-Baron_Antoine-Jean_Gros-Battle_Pyramids_1810.jpg" decoding="async" width="286" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Baron_Antoine-Jean_Gros-Battle_Pyramids_1810.jpg/642px-Baron_Antoine-Jean_Gros-Battle_Pyramids_1810.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Baron_Antoine-Jean_Gros-Battle_Pyramids_1810.jpg/855px-Baron_Antoine-Jean_Gros-Battle_Pyramids_1810.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2993" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General Bonaparte at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyramids" title="Battle of the Pyramids">Battle of the Pyramids</a> (July 21, 1798)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_the_Nile.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The French fleet is defeated by Admiral Nelson at the Battle of the Nile (August 1, 1798)"><img alt="The French fleet is defeated by Admiral Nelson at the Battle of the Nile (August 1, 1798)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Battle_of_the_Nile.jpg/427px-The_Battle_of_the_Nile.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Battle_of_the_Nile.jpg/641px-The_Battle_of_the_Nile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Battle_of_the_Nile.jpg/854px-The_Battle_of_the_Nile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1619" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The French fleet is defeated by <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Admiral Nelson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Battle of the Nile</a> (August 1, 1798)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>January 5: The French legislature passes a law authorizing a loan of eighty million francs to prepare an invasion of England.</li> <li>January 11: The Directory orders General <a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Berthier</a> and his army to march on Rome to punish the papal government for the murder of General Duphot.</li> <li>January 12: Bonaparte presents a plan for an invasion of England to the Directory.</li> <li>January 18: The legislature authorizes French ships to seize neutral ships carrying British merchandise.</li> <li>January 24: The <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> region of Switzerland, with French support, declares independence from the Swiss government in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>.</li> <li>January 26: The Directory authorizes French troops to intervene on behalf of the Swiss uprising in Vaud against the Swiss government.</li> <li>February 10: Berthier and his army enter Rome.</li> <li>February 14: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a> presents to the Directory a project for a French conquest of Egypt.</li> <li>February 15: General Berthier, in Rome, proclaims a new <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(18th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (18th century)">Roman Republic</a>, under French protection.</li> <li>February 23: Bonaparte recommends to the Directory the abandonment of the invasion of England, and an invasion of Egypt instead.</li> <li>March 5: The Directory approves Bonaparte's plan to invade Egypt.</li> <li>March 6: The French army captures <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>.</li> <li>March 9: The Parliament of German states, meeting in Rastadt, accepts the <a href="/wiki/Left_Bank_of_the_Rhine" title="Left Bank of the Rhine">annexation of the left bank of the Rhine by France</a>.</li> <li>March 22: Under the sponsorship of <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Brune" title="Guillaume Brune">General Brune</a>, an assembly in <a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a> proclaims a <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a>.</li> <li>April 4: Following the French model, the new Helvetic Republic declares itself a secular republic.</li> <li>April 9–18: Elections for one-third of the seats in the French legislature.</li> <li>April 26: The <i>Traité de Réunion</i> formally unites the Republic of Geneva (<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Gen%C3%A8ve" class="extiw" title="fr:République de Genève">fr</a>) with the French Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 7: A report to the Council of Five Hundred declares that the French elections were irregular, and recommends exclusion of candidates of the far left.</li> <li>May 11: By the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Flor%C3%A9al_Year_VI" title="Law of 22 Floréal Year VI">Law of 22 Floréal Year VI</a>, the Council of Ancients and the Council of Five Hundred invalidate the election of 106 Jacobin deputies.</li> <li>May 15: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Treilhard" title="Jean Baptiste Treilhard">Jean Baptiste Treilhard</a> is elected to the Directory in place of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a>.</li> <li>May 19: Bonaparte and his <a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_of_the_Arm%C3%A9e_d%27Orient_(1798)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle of the Armée d'Orient (1798)"><i>Armée d'Orient</i></a> set sail from Toulon for Egypt.</li> <li>May 23: Anti-British uprising begins in Ireland; the Irish rebels believe that Bonaparte is sailing to Ireland.</li> <li>June 9–11: Bonaparte invades and captures <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>.</li> <li>July 1–2: Bonaparte lands in Egypt and captures <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>.</li> <li>July 14: Irish uprising suppressed by the British army.</li> <li>July 21: Bonaparte defeats the <a href="/wiki/Mameluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mameluk">Mameluks</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyramids" title="Battle of the Pyramids">Battle of the Pyramids</a>.</li> <li>July 24: Bonaparte and his army enter Cairo.</li> <li>August 1: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Admiral Nelson</a> and the British fleet destroy the French fleet at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Battle of the Nile</a>, stranding Bonaparte in Egypt.</li> <li>August 6: A French fleet and expeditionary force sails for Ireland to aid the Irish rebels, though the rebellion is already defeated.</li> <li>August 22: French troops under <a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Amable_Humbert" title="Jean Joseph Amable Humbert">General Humbert</a> land at <a href="/wiki/Killala" title="Killala">Killala</a>, in northwest Ireland.</li> <li>August 27: General Humbert defeats a British force at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castlebar" title="Battle of Castlebar">Battle of Castlebar</a>, and declares an Irish republic.</li> <li>September 2: Suppression of a royalist revolt in the south of the <a href="/wiki/Massif_Central" title="Massif Central">Massif Central</a> in France and the arrest of its leaders.</li> <li>September 5: The <a href="/wiki/Jourdan_law" title="Jourdan law">Jourdan law</a> requires all French men between twenty and twenty-five to perform military service.</li> <li>September 9: The forces of General Humbert are surrounded by the British army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ballinamuck" title="Battle of Ballinamuck">Battle of Ballinamuck</a> and forced to surrender.</li> <li>September 16: A new French expeditionary force sails from Brest to Ireland.</li> <li>September 24: The French government <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">calls 200,000 men for military service</a>.</li> <li>October 8: François de Neufchâteau, Minister of the Interior, creates the first Higher Council on Public Education.</li> <li>October 11: French fleet and expeditionary force defeated off coast of Ireland; six of eight warships captured.</li> <li>October 12: Belgian peasants rebel against obligatory service in French army.</li> <li>October 21: Population of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> rebels against French occupation. Rebellion suppressed by Bonaparte on October 22.</li> <li>November 4: Directory orders deportation of Belgian priests, blamed for peasant uprising.</li> <li>November 5: A Russian-Turkish fleet blockades <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a> occupied by the French army.</li> <li>November 16: Austria and England agree to cooperate to force France back to its 1789 boundaries.</li> <li>November 23–24: Directory, desperate for money, imposes new real estate tax and additional taxes based on number of doors and windows.</li> <li>November 27: The army of the <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">King of Naples</a> captures Rome.</li> <li>December 4: French troops defeat Belgian rebels at <a href="/wiki/Hasselt" title="Hasselt">Hasselt</a> and massacre insurgents. End of peasant uprising in Belgium.</li> <li>December 6: French army under <a href="/wiki/Jean_%C3%89tienne_Championnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Étienne Championnet">Jean Étienne Championnet</a> defeats the army of the <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">King of Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carolina_of_Austria" title="Maria Carolina of Austria">his wife</a> at Battle of Civita Castellana.</li> <li>December 14: French army under Championnet recaptures Rome.</li> <li>December 21: French army attacks Naples and forces King of Naples to take sanctuary on the flagship of Admiral Nelson.</li> <li>December 29: <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Alliance</a> (Second Coalition) between Russia, Britain and the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily against France signed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1799_–_France_at_War_in_Italy_and_Germany;_Bonaparte_returns_from_Egypt;_the_Consulate_seizes_power;_End_of_the_Revolution"><span id="1799_.E2.80.93_France_at_War_in_Italy_and_Germany.3B_Bonaparte_returns_from_Egypt.3B_the_Consulate_seizes_power.3B_End_of_the_Revolution"></span>1799 – France at War in Italy and Germany; Bonaparte returns from Egypt; the Consulate seizes power; End of the Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: 1799 – France at War in Italy and Germany; Bonaparte returns from Egypt; the Consulate seizes power; End of the Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Bonaparte_visitant_les_pestif%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Jaffa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Bonaparte visits a plague hospital in Jaffa (March 31, 1799). Antoine-Jean Gros, Louvre Museum"><img alt="General Bonaparte visits a plague hospital in Jaffa (March 31, 1799). Antoine-Jean Gros, Louvre Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Bonaparte_visitant_les_pestif%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Jaffa.jpg/421px-Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Bonaparte_visitant_les_pestif%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Jaffa.jpg" decoding="async" width="281" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Bonaparte_visitant_les_pestif%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Jaffa.jpg/631px-Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Bonaparte_visitant_les_pestif%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Jaffa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Bonaparte_visitant_les_pestif%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Jaffa.jpg/841px-Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Bonaparte_visitant_les_pestif%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Jaffa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2763" data-file-height="1972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General Bonaparte visits a plague hospital in Jaffa (March 31, 1799). <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Jean_Gros" title="Antoine-Jean Gros">Antoine-Jean Gros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Batoni_Pope_Pius_VI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pope Pius VI was moved to France as a prisoner of the Directory (April 10, 1799)"><img alt="Pope Pius VI was moved to France as a prisoner of the Directory (April 10, 1799)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Batoni_Pope_Pius_VI.jpg/234px-Batoni_Pope_Pius_VI.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Batoni_Pope_Pius_VI.jpg/351px-Batoni_Pope_Pius_VI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Batoni_Pope_Pius_VI.jpg/469px-Batoni_Pope_Pius_VI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="942" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a> was moved to France as a prisoner of the Directory (April 10, 1799)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 129.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na_(Fontaine_et_Gros).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General André Masséna forced the Russians out of Switzerland (September 26, 1799)"><img alt="General André Masséna forced the Russians out of Switzerland (September 26, 1799)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na_%28Fontaine_et_Gros%29.jpg/194px-Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na_%28Fontaine_et_Gros%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na_%28Fontaine_et_Gros%29.jpg/291px-Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na_%28Fontaine_et_Gros%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na_%28Fontaine_et_Gros%29.jpg/387px-Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na_%28Fontaine_et_Gros%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="1978" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a> forced the Russians out of Switzerland (September 26, 1799)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>January 10: The army of <a href="/wiki/Jean_%C3%89tienne_Championnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Étienne Championnet">General Championnet</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Capua" title="Capua">Capua</a>.</li> <li>January 23: French army occupies <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></li> <li>January 26: Proclamation of a new republic in Naples, named <i>Parthénopéenne</i> by the Directory</li> <li>February 1: Victory of General <a href="/wiki/Louis_Desaix" title="Louis Desaix">Louis Desaix</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Mameluks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mameluks">Mameluks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aswan" title="Aswan">Aswan</a> completes the French conquest of upper Egypt.</li> <li>February 3: Conflict between Generals Championnet and <a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Charles_Faipoult" title="Guillaume-Charles Faipoult">Faipoult</a> over the command of French troops in Naples.</li> <li>February 6: Championnet orders the expulsion of Faipoult from Naples.</li> <li>February 20: Bonaparte marches his army from Cairo toward <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.</li> <li>February 20: Bonaparte defeats a Turkish army and occupies <a href="/wiki/Arish" title="Arish">Arish</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>.</li> <li>February 24: The Directory orders the arrest of General Championnet.</li> <li>February 24: General <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan" title="Jean-Baptiste Jourdan">Jean-Baptiste Jourdan</a> assembles the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Danube" title="Army of the Danube">Army of the Danube</a> and prepares to cross the Rhine and invade German states and Austria.</li> <li>March 1–2: French armies under Jourdan and <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden">Bernadotte</a> cross the Rhine.</li> <li>March 3: French troops in <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a> surrender, after a long siege by a Russian-Turkish fleet.</li> <li>March 7: Bonaparte captures <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>. Some of his soldiers are infected with the <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a>.</li> <li>March 11: Bonaparte visits the hospital for plague victims in Jaffa.</li> <li>March 12: The Directory declares war on Austria and on the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a>.</li> <li>March 19: Bonaparte lays siege to <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Saint-Jean-d'Acre</a> in Palestine.</li> <li>March 21: French troops enter the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.</li> <li>March 23: Army of General <a href="/wiki/Massena" class="mw-redirect" title="Massena">Massena</a> defeated by Austrians at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Feldkirch" title="Battle of Feldkirch">Battle of Feldkirch</a>.</li> <li>March 25: Defeat of Jourdan by Austrians at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach</a>.</li> <li>March 28: Bonaparte tries unsuccessfully to capture Saint-Jean-d'Acre.</li> <li>April 1: Bonaparte fails again to take Saint-Jean-d'Acre.</li> <li>April 3: Jourdan resigns as commander of the Army of the Danube. His army pulls back to the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> on April 6.</li> <li>April 9: Beginning of <a href="/wiki/1799_French_legislative_election" title="1799 French legislative election">legislative elections</a> to replace one-third of members.</li> <li>April 10: Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a>, a prisoner of the French, is transferred to France.</li> <li>April 14: The Austrian army of <a href="/wiki/Michael_von_Melas" title="Michael von Melas">Melas</a> and the Russian army of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov">Alexander Suvorov</a> join in Italy.</li> <li>April 16: Bonaparte defeats the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> army led by <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Pasha_al-Azm" title="Abdullah Pasha al-Azm">Abdullah Pasha al-Azm</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Tabor_(1799)" title="Battle of Mount Tabor (1799)">Battle of Mount Tabor</a>.</li> <li>April 18: <a href="/wiki/1799_French_legislative_election" title="1799 French legislative election">1799 French legislative election</a> results in a major loss for supporters of the government, and a victory for the extreme left.</li> <li>April 24: Bonaparte fails a third time to capture Saint-Jean-d'Acre.</li> <li>April 27: Alexander Suvorov's Russo-Austrian army defeats French forces under <a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">General Moreau</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassano_(1799)" title="Battle of Cassano (1799)">Battle of Cassano</a>.</li> <li>April 29: Suvorov enters <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>.</li> <li>May 1: Bonaparte fails for a fourth time to capture Saint-Jean-d'Acre.</li> <li>May 10: Fifth and last attempt by Bonaparte to capture Saint-Jean-d'Acre. He lifts the siege on May 17.</li> <li>May 16: As the result of the system of drawing lots, Rewbell leaves the Directory and is replaced by Sieyès, who is seen as a moderate leftist.</li> <li>May 19: An English fleet lands soldiers at <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a> in Belgium. The expedition fails, and withdraws the following day.</li> <li>May 26: Russo-Austrian army enters <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>.</li> <li>June 4–6: <a href="/wiki/Mass%C3%A9na" class="mw-redirect" title="Masséna">Masséna</a> is forced to withdraw his forces from <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zurich" title="First Battle of Zurich">Zürich</a>.</li> <li>June 14: Bonaparte returns to Cairo.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflicts_between_the_Directory_and_the_Legislature_(June_1799)"><span id="Conflicts_between_the_Directory_and_the_Legislature_.28June_1799.29"></span>Conflicts between the Directory and the Legislature (June 1799)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Conflicts between the Directory and the Legislature (June 1799)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Jourdan_IMG_2317.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="General Jourdan, leader of the Jacobins in the army"><img alt="General Jourdan, leader of the Jacobins in the army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/General_Jourdan_IMG_2317.JPG/450px-General_Jourdan_IMG_2317.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/General_Jourdan_IMG_2317.JPG/675px-General_Jourdan_IMG_2317.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/General_Jourdan_IMG_2317.JPG/900px-General_Jourdan_IMG_2317.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan" title="Jean-Baptiste Jourdan">General Jourdan</a>, leader of the Jacobins in the army</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_de_Frott%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The royalist general Louis de Frotté commanded a new rebellion against Paris in the west of France"><img alt="The royalist general Louis de Frotté commanded a new rebellion against Paris in the west of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Louis_de_Frott%C3%A9.jpg/195px-Louis_de_Frott%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Louis_de_Frott%C3%A9.jpg/292px-Louis_de_Frott%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Louis_de_Frott%C3%A9.jpg/389px-Louis_de_Frott%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The royalist general <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Frott%C3%A9" title="Louis de Frotté">Louis de Frotté</a> commanded a new rebellion against Paris in the west of France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Zurich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The French army under General Masséna wins a decisive victory over the Austrians and Russians at the Second Battle of Zürich (September 24–25, 1799)"><img alt="The French army under General Masséna wins a decisive victory over the Austrians and Russians at the Second Battle of Zürich (September 24–25, 1799)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Battle_of_Zurich.jpg/358px-Battle_of_Zurich.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Battle_of_Zurich.jpg/537px-Battle_of_Zurich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Battle_of_Zurich.jpg/716px-Battle_of_Zurich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2627" data-file-height="2203" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The French army under <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">General Masséna</a> wins a decisive victory over the Austrians and Russians at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zurich" title="Second Battle of Zurich">Second Battle of Zürich</a> (September 24–25, 1799)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiral_Sir_Sidney_Smith_(1764-1840)_-_Louis-Marie_Autissier.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The British Admiral Sir Sidney Smith sends Bonaparte a packet of French newspapers, letting him know of events in Paris. Bonaparte promptly leaves his army in Egypt and sails for France. (August 23, 1799)"><img alt="The British Admiral Sir Sidney Smith sends Bonaparte a packet of French newspapers, letting him know of events in Paris. Bonaparte promptly leaves his army in Egypt and sails for France. (August 23, 1799)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Admiral_Sir_Sidney_Smith_%281764-1840%29_-_Louis-Marie_Autissier.png/246px-Admiral_Sir_Sidney_Smith_%281764-1840%29_-_Louis-Marie_Autissier.png" decoding="async" width="164" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Admiral_Sir_Sidney_Smith_%281764-1840%29_-_Louis-Marie_Autissier.png/369px-Admiral_Sir_Sidney_Smith_%281764-1840%29_-_Louis-Marie_Autissier.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Admiral_Sir_Sidney_Smith_%281764-1840%29_-_Louis-Marie_Autissier.png/492px-Admiral_Sir_Sidney_Smith_%281764-1840%29_-_Louis-Marie_Autissier.png 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="891" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The British Admiral <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Smith_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Sidney Smith (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Sidney Smith</a> sends Bonaparte a packet of French newspapers, letting him know of events in Paris. Bonaparte promptly leaves his army in Egypt and sails for France. (August 23, 1799)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>June 16: A serious struggle begins between the newly elected left-wing members of the Council of Five Hundred and the Directory, due to the string of French military defeats. The legislature demands new measures for "public safety".</li> <li>June 17: The Council of Five Hundred and Council of the Ancients annul the election of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Treilhard" title="Jean Baptiste Treilhard">Jean Baptiste Treilhard</a> to the Directory and replace him with a leftist member, <a href="/wiki/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier" title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier">Louis-Jérôme Gohier</a>.</li> <li>June 18–19: Two royalist members of the Directory, Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai and La Révellière-Lépeaux, are forced to resign, under threat of being brought to trial by the Councils. They are replaced by two moderate leftists, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos">Roger Ducos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Auguste_Moulin" title="Jean-François-Auguste Moulin">Jean-François-Auguste Moulin</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Coup_of_30_Prairial_Year_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup of 30 Prairial Year VII">Coup of 30 Prairial Year VII</a> )</li> <li>June 19: A French army under <a href="/wiki/Jacques_MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques MacDonald">Étienne Macdonald</a> is defeated by the Russians under Suvorov at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebia_(1799)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Trebia (1799)">Battle of the Trebia</a>.</li> <li>June 19: Another reversal in Italy: the French garrison of Naples surrenders.</li> <li>June 28: The Council votes to demand a forced loan of one hundred million francs from wealthy citizens to equip new armies.</li> <li>July 5: Two commanders with neo-Jacobin sympathies are promoted by the Directory: <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Catherine_Joubert" title="Barthélemy Catherine Joubert">Joubert</a> is named new commander of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Italy_(France)" title="Army of Italy (France)">Army of Italy</a>, and Championnet is chosen to command the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Alps" title="Army of the Alps">Army of the Alps</a>.</li> <li>July 7: A neo-Jacobin club, the <i>Société des amis de la Liberté et de l'Égalité</i> ("Society of the Friends of Liberty and Equality"), is founded in Paris.</li> <li>July 12: The Council of Five Hundred votes a new law on hostages, demands lists of royalists be made in each department, and brings accusations against former members of the Directory with royalist tendencies.</li> <li>July 14: At a celebration of the anniversary of the Revolution, General Jourdan calls "bringing back the pikes", the weapons of the Jacobin street mobs during the Terror. On the same day, Siéyès gives a speech denouncing the new Jacobins.</li> <li>July 17: An <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Military of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman army</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Pasha_(Egypt)" title="Mustafa Pasha (Egypt)">Seid Mustafa Pasha</a>, transported to Egypt by Sidney Smith's British fleet, lands at <a href="/wiki/Abukir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abukir">Abukir</a>.</li> <li>July 25: Bonaparte defeats Seid Mustafa Pasha's Ottoman army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abukir_(1799)" title="Battle of Abukir (1799)">Battle of Abukir</a>.</li> <li>August 6: Royalist uprisings in Toulouse and Bordeaux. Both are quickly suppressed by the army.</li> <li>August 13: Sieyès orders the closing of the new Jacobin Club in Paris.</li> <li>August 15: Defeat of the French Army of Italy under General Joubert at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_(1799)" title="Battle of Novi (1799)">Battle of Novi</a>. Joubert is killed.</li> <li>August 18: The Council of Five Hundred decides, by a vote of 217–214, not to arrest and try the former members of the Directory accused of royalist sympathies.</li> <li>August 23: Bonaparte has had no news from France in six months. The British admiral <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Smith_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Sidney Smith (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Sidney Smith</a> sends him a packet of French newspapers, which he reads in one night. He hands over command of the army to <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="Jean-Baptiste Kléber">General Kléber</a> and leaves Egypt with a small party aboard the frigate <i>La Muiron</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 29: Pope Pius VI dies, a French prisoner, in <a href="/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme">Valence</a>.</li> <li>August 29: Championnet, prominent among the Jacobin generals, is named new commander of the Army of Italy.</li> <li>September 13: General Jourdan, leader of the Jacobins in the army, asks the Council of Five Hundred to declare a state of national emergency.</li> <li>September 14: Council of Five Hundred refuses to declare a state of national emergency.</li> <li>September 14: The Director Sieyès obtains the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden">Jean Bernadotte</a> as Minister of War, on the grounds that Bernadotte was planning a Jacobin coup d'état.</li> <li>September 15: The royalist leaders in the west of France, including the Breton Chouan leader <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cadoudal" title="Georges Cadoudal">Georges Cadoudal</a>, meet to organize a new uprising against Paris.</li> <li>September 24: The royalist military commander Louis de Frotté lands in Normandy to take charge of the new uprising.</li> <li>September 25–26: General Masséna defeats the Russian-Austrian army of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korsakov" title="Alexander Korsakov">Alexander Rimsky-Korsakov</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zurich" title="Second Battle of Zurich">Second Battle of Zurich</a>.</li> <li>September 29: The Russian army under Suvorov is forced to retreat across the Alps.</li> <li>October 6: A French-Dutch army under General <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Brune" title="Guillaume Brune">Brune</a> defeats a Russian-British force at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castricum" title="Battle of Castricum">Battle of Castricum</a>. The British and Russians withdraw their troops from the Netherlands.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bonaparte_returns_to_France_(October_9,_1799)"><span id="Bonaparte_returns_to_France_.28October_9.2C_1799.29"></span>Bonaparte returns to France (October 9, 1799)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Bonaparte returns to France (October 9, 1799)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>October 9: Bonaparte lands at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Rapha%C3%ABl,_Var" title="Saint-Raphaël, Var">Saint-Raphaël</a>.</li> <li>October 14: Sieyès invites General <a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">Moreau</a> to organize a coup d'état against the Jacobins in the Councils, but Moreau refuses.</li> <li>October 16: Bonaparte arrives in Paris for public celebrations.</li> <li>October 17: Bonaparte is received by the Directory.</li> <li>October 19: The royalist forces in the west, the Chouans, capture <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, but are forced to withdraw the next day.</li> <li>October 23: The Russian Czar <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I</a> orders the withdrawal of Russian troops from the war against the French.</li> <li>October 23: <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a>, younger brother of General Napoléon Bonaparte, is elected President of the Council of Five Hundred.</li> <li>October 23–29: Royalist forces in Brittany and the Vendée briefly capture several cities, but are quickly driven out by the French army.</li> <li>November 1: Bonaparte meets with Sieyès; the two men dislike each other but agree to a parliamentary coup d'état to replace the Directory.</li> <li>November 3: Bonaparte meets with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Fouché</a>, the Minister of Police, who agrees not to interfere with a coup d'état.</li> <li>November 6: The Councils of the Ancients and the Five Hundred offer a banquet to Bonaparte at the former <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint-Sulpice,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris">church of Saint Sulpice</a>.</li> <li>November 7: General Jourdan proposes that Bonaparte join him in a Jacobin coup d'état against the Directory. Bonaparte refuses.</li> <li>November 8: Bonaparte dines with <a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès">Cambacérès</a> and arranges the final details of the coup d'état.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Coup_d'État_of_November_9–10"><span id="The_Coup_d.27.C3.89tat_of_November_9.E2.80.9310"></span>The Coup d'État of November 9–10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: The Coup d'État of November 9–10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s,_by_Jacques_Louis_David.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès proposed the coup d'état, but was left out of the final government"><img alt="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès proposed the coup d'état, but was left out of the final government" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s%2C_by_Jacques_Louis_David.jpg/227px-Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s%2C_by_Jacques_Louis_David.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s%2C_by_Jacques_Louis_David.jpg/341px-Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s%2C_by_Jacques_Louis_David.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s%2C_by_Jacques_Louis_David.jpg/455px-Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s%2C_by_Jacques_Louis_David.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a> proposed the coup d'état, but was left out of the final government</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Barras_directeur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Director Paul Barras was persuaded not to oppose Bonaparte's coup d'état"><img alt="The Director Paul Barras was persuaded not to oppose Bonaparte's coup d'état" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Paul_Barras_directeur.jpg/227px-Paul_Barras_directeur.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Paul_Barras_directeur.jpg/340px-Paul_Barras_directeur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Paul_Barras_directeur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Director <a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul Barras</a> was persuaded not to oppose Bonaparte's coup d'état</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fabre_-_Lucien_Bonaparte.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lucien Bonaparte, 24 years old, was elected President of the Council of Five Hundred, and aided Bonaparte's coup d'état"><img alt="Lucien Bonaparte, 24 years old, was elected President of the Council of Five Hundred, and aided Bonaparte's coup d'état" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fabre_-_Lucien_Bonaparte.jpg/235px-Fabre_-_Lucien_Bonaparte.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fabre_-_Lucien_Bonaparte.jpg/352px-Fabre_-_Lucien_Bonaparte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fabre_-_Lucien_Bonaparte.jpg/469px-Fabre_-_Lucien_Bonaparte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2497" data-file-height="3192" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a>, 24 years old, was elected President of the Council of Five Hundred, and aided Bonaparte's coup d'état</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Fouché, Minister of Police, assured that the police would not interfere in Bonaparte's seizure of power"><img alt="Joseph Fouché, Minister of Police, assured that the police would not interfere in Bonaparte's seizure of power" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9.png/264px-Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Joseph Fouché</a>, Minister of Police, assured that the police would not interfere in Bonaparte's seizure of power</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bonaparte confronts the deputies of the Council of Five Hundred (November 10, 1799)"><img alt="Bonaparte confronts the deputies of the Council of Five Hundred (November 10, 1799)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg/282px-Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg/422px-Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg/563px-Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1833" data-file-height="1953" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bonaparte confronts the deputies of the Council of Five Hundred (November 10, 1799)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 161.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gros_-_First_Consul_Bonaparte_(Detail).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bonaparte as First Consul (1804), by Antoine Gros, Musée de la Légion d'honneur, Paris"><img alt="Bonaparte as First Consul (1804), by Antoine Gros, Musée de la Légion d'honneur, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gros_-_First_Consul_Bonaparte_%28Detail%29.png/242px-Gros_-_First_Consul_Bonaparte_%28Detail%29.png" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gros_-_First_Consul_Bonaparte_%28Detail%29.png/363px-Gros_-_First_Consul_Bonaparte_%28Detail%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gros_-_First_Consul_Bonaparte_%28Detail%29.png/483px-Gros_-_First_Consul_Bonaparte_%28Detail%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1241" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bonaparte as First Consul (1804), by Antoine Gros, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" title="Musée de la Légion d'honneur">Musée de la Légion d'honneur</a>, Paris</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>November 9: The <a href="/wiki/18_Brumaire" class="mw-redirect" title="18 Brumaire">coup d'état of 18 Brumaire</a> begins. French troops loyal to Bonaparte occupy key points in Paris. Lucien Bonaparte, the president of the Council of Five Hundred, warns the deputies that a "terrorist" plot against the legislature has been discovered, and asks that the meetings of the Councils, scheduled for the next day, be moved for their security to the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Château de Saint-Cloud">château of Saint-Cloud</a>, some 10 kilometers west of Paris. Bonaparte is named <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a> of the army in Paris.</li> <li>As agreed in advance, two members of the Directory who are complicit in the coup, Sieyès and Ducos, offer their resignation. A third, Barras, is talked into resigning by Talleyrand. The two Jacobin directors, Gohier and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Auguste_Moulin" title="Jean-François-Auguste Moulin">Moulin</a>, are arrested by the soldiers of General Moreau and confined at the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Luxembourg Palace</a>. Fouché proposes to arrest the leading Jacobin members of the Council of Five Hundred, but Bonaparte does not feel it is necessary, which proves to be a mistake. By the end of the day, Paris is entirely under the control of Bonaparte and officers loyal to him.</li> <li>November 10: As proposed by Bonaparte, the members of the two Councils are transported to the château of Saint-Cloud. 6,000 soldiers have been assembled by Bonaparte there, soldiers who are largely hostile to the Councils because of delays in their pay.</li> <li>Bonaparte speaks first to the Council of the Ancients, explaining the need for a change in government. The upper Council listens in silence and votes without opposition to accept Bonaparte's proposal. Bonaparte then addresses the Council of Five Hundred, meeting in the <i>orangerie</i> of the domain of Saint-Cloud. Here his reception is much different: the Jacobin members protest angrily, insult and shout down Bonaparte, threatening to declare him outside the law, which would have led to his immediate arrest. While the Council debated in great confusion inside, Lucien Bonaparte takes Bonaparte outside, and tells the waiting soldiers that the deputies had tried to assassinate Bonaparte. The soldiers, furious, invade the meeting hall and chase out the deputies at the point of bayonets. In the absence of the opposition deputies, two parliamentary commissions name Bonaparte, Sieyès and Duclos as the provisional consuls of a new government.</li> <li>November 11–22: Bonaparte and the two other Provisional Consuls form a new government, <a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Berthier</a> as minister of War, Talleyrand in charge of foreign relations, Fouché as minister of Police, and Cambacérès as minister of Justice.</li> <li>December 1: Bonaparte rejects a constitution proposed by Sieyès.</li> <li>December 24: The Councils, now firmly under the control of Bonaparte, adopt the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_VIII" title="Constitution of the Year VIII">Constitution of the Year VIII</a>. The new <a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a> is formally established, with Bonaparte as First Consul, Cambacérès as Second Consul, and <a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun,_duc_de_Plaisance" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance">Charles-François Lebrun</a> as Third Consul. Traditional histories mark this date as the end of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998410_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998410-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_of_the_War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="List of battles of the War of the First Coalition">List of battles of the War of the First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Timeline of the Napoleonic era">Timeline of the Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Musée de la Révolution française">Musée de la Révolution française</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes_and_citations">Notes and citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes and citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Melzer_Rabine_1992_p._158-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Melzer_Rabine_1992_p._158_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMelzerRabine1992" class="citation book cs1">Melzer, S.E.; Rabine, L.W. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RFxMCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT158"><i>Rebel Daughters: Women and the French Revolution</i></a>. University of California Humanities Research Institute Series. Oxford University Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-028180-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-028180-9"><bdi>978-0-19-028180-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebel+Daughters%3A+Women+and+the+French+Revolution&rft.series=University+of+California+Humanities+Research+Institute+Series&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-028180-9&rft.aulast=Melzer&rft.aufirst=S.E.&rft.au=Rabine%2C+L.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRFxMCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+French+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Tulard, Jean-François Fayard, Alfred Fierro, <i>Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution française</i>, Robert Laffont,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Tulard, Jean-François Fayard, Alfred Fierro, <i>Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution française</i>, Robert Laffont, Paris, 1998. (In French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998318-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998318_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTulardFayardFierro1998">Tulard, Fayard & Fierro 1998</a>, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro199879-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro199879_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTulardFayardFierro1998">Tulard, Fayard & Fierro 1998</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998339-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998339_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998339_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTulardFayardFierro1998">Tulard, Fayard & Fierro 1998</a>, p. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghachem,_Malick_W_2012-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ghachem,_Malick_W_2012_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghachem, Malick W. The Old Regime and the Haitian Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMignet1834" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mignet" title="François Mignet">Mignet, François</a> (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o0UvAAAAMAAJ&q=Having+the+courage+to+refuse+the+essential+object+of+the+meeting,+he+thought+he+ought+not+to+reject+a+symbol,+meaningless+for+him,+but+in+the+eyes+of+the+people,+that+of+liberty&pg=PA137">"History of the French Revolution, from 1789 to 1814"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2016</span>. <q>[H]e thought he ought not to reject a symbol, meaningless for him, but in the eyes of the people, that of liberty; he placed on his head a red cap presented to him on the top of a pike. The multitude were quite satisfied with this condescension. A moment or two afterwards, they loaded him with applause, as, almost suffocated with hunger and thirst, he drank off, without hesitation, a glass of wine presented to him[.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+French+Revolution%2C+from+1789+to+1814&rft.date=1834&rft.aulast=Mignet&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do0UvAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DHaving%2Bthe%2Bcourage%2Bto%2Brefuse%2Bthe%2Bessential%2Bobject%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bmeeting%2C%2Bhe%2Bthought%2Bhe%2Bought%2Bnot%2Bto%2Breject%2Ba%2Bsymbol%2C%2Bmeaningless%2Bfor%2Bhim%2C%2Bbut%2Bin%2Bthe%2Beyes%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bpeople%2C%2Bthat%2Bof%2Bliberty%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+French+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro19981094–1095-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro19981094–1095_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTulardFayardFierro1998">Tulard, Fayard & Fierro 1998</a>, pp. 1094–1095.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howe, <i>Foreign Policy and the French Revolution</i>, Springer, 2008, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cited in Tulard, Fayard and Fierro, <i>Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution française</i> (1998), p. 1113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koch, Christophe-Guillaume, <i>Histoire abrégée des traités de paix entre les puissances de l'Europe, depuis la Paix de Westphalie</i>, Tome I, Méline, Cans & Compagnie, Bruxelles, 1857, p. 550. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9xuhWnN_F6AC&dq=trait%C3%A9+19+avril+1794&pg=PA629">[1]</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coggle.it/diagram/WkuNXbpn_gABEF3f/t/to-what-extent-was-robespierre-the-driving-the-great-terror">"To What Extent Was Robespierre the Driving Force of the Great Terror?…"</a>. <i>coggle.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coggle.it&rft.atitle=To+What+Extent+Was+Robespierre+the+Driving+Force+of+the+Great+Terror%3F%E2%80%A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoggle.it%2Fdiagram%2FWkuNXbpn_gABEF3f%2Ft%2Fto-what-extent-was-robespierre-the-driving-the-great-terror&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+French+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9lWNCwAAQBAJ&q=Robespierre&pg=PR14-IA87">The French Revolution: From Enlightenment to Tyranny by Ian Davidson, p. xiv</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9lWNCwAAQBAJ&dq=government+decided+that+the+Terror+would+be+centralised&pg=PR14-IA87">The French Revolution: From Enlightenment to Tyranny by Ian Davidson, p. xiv</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998369-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998369_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTulardFayardFierro1998">Tulard, Fayard & Fierro 1998</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015051377052&view=1up&seq=68,">Lazare Carnot, republican patriot, by Huntley Dupre, p. 185-187</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard T. Bienvenu (1968) The Ninth of Thermidor, p. 223</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ministère de l'Intérieur: Police nationale, République française, <i>Histoire</i>, section <i>La Révolution française (1789-1799)</i><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.police-nationale.interieur.gouv.fr/Presentation-generale/Histoire">[2]</a>, (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Traité de Réunion de la République de Genève à la France</i>, 26 April 1798.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://doc.rero.ch/record/11873/files/gf_1886_R_6203.pdf">[3]</a> (In French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thiers, Adolphe, <i>Histoire de la Révolution française</i>, 1839 (Ninth edition), Volume 10, Chapter XIII, Project Gutenberg digital edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998410-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETulardFayardFierro1998410_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTulardFayardFierro1998">Tulard, Fayard & Fierro 1998</a>, p. 410.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cobban, Alfred. "The Beginning of the French Revolution" <i>History</i> 30#111 (1945), pp. 90–98</li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24402690">online</a> </p> <ul><li>Doyle, William. <i>The Oxford History of the French Revolution</i> (3rd ed. 2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Oxford-History-French-Revolution/dp/0198804938/">excerpt</a></li> <li>Mignet, François, Member of the Institute of France, <i>History of the French Revolution, from 1789 to 1814</i>, Bell & Daldy, London, 1873.</li> <li>Popkin, Jeremy. <i>A Short History of the French Revolution</i> (2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Short-History-French-Revolution/dp/0205968457/">excerpt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_French">In French</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: In French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBezbakh2004" class="citation book cs1">Bezbakh, Pierre (2004). <i>Petit Larousse de l'histoire de France</i>. Larousse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-03505369-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-03505369-2"><bdi>2-03505369-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petit+Larousse+de+l%27histoire+de+France&rft.pub=Larousse&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=2-03505369-2&rft.aulast=Bezbakh&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+French+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallo2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gallo, Max (2009). <i>Révolution française</i> (in French). XO Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84563-350-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84563-350-6"><bdi>978-2-84563-350-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9volution+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.pub=XO+Editions&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2-84563-350-6&rft.aulast=Gallo&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+French+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiers1839" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thiers, Adolphe (1839). <i>Histoire de la Révolution française</i> (in French). Project Gutenberg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+R%C3%A9volution+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.pub=Project+Gutenberg&rft.date=1839&rft.aulast=Thiers&rft.aufirst=Adolphe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+French+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTulardFayardFierro1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tulard, Jean; Fayard, Jean-François; Fierro, Alfred (1998). <i>Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution française</i> (in French). Robert Laffont. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-221-08850-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-221-08850-6"><bdi>2-221-08850-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+et+dictionnaire+de+la+R%C3%A9volution+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.pub=Robert+Laffont&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=2-221-08850-6&rft.aulast=Tulard&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Fayard%2C+Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Fierro%2C+Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+French+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France_(1791%E2%80%9392)" title="Kingdom of France (1791–92)">Constitutional monarchy</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">Republic</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Glossary of the French Revolution">Glossary</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_journals_appearing_under_the_French_Revolution" title="List of journals appearing under the French Revolution">Journals</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Musée de la Révolution française">Museum</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Significant_civil_and_political_events_by_year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Significant civil and political events by year</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1788</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Tiles" title="Day of the Tiles">Day of the Tiles</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(7 Jun 1788)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Vizille" title="Assembly of Vizille">Assembly of Vizille</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Jul 1788)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1789</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_the_Third_Estate%3F" title="What Is the Third Estate?">What Is the Third Estate?</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Jan 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon_riots" title="Réveillon riots">Réveillon riots</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 Apr 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789" title="Estates General of 1789">Convocation of the Estates General</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 May 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France#Illness" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Death of the Dauphin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 June 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(French_Revolution)" title="National Assembly (French Revolution)">National Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_Court_Oath" title="Tennis Court Oath">Tennis Court Oath</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Jun 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Constituent Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">Storming of the Bastille</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14 Jul 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fear" title="Great Fear">Great Fear</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_feudalism_in_France" title="Abolition of feudalism in France">Abolition of Feudalism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4–11 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Women's March on Versailles</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Oct 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biens_nationaux" title="Biens nationaux">Nationalization of the Church properties</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Nov 1789)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1790</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parlement#Abolition" title="Parlement">Abolition of the Parlements</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Feb–Jul 1790)</span></li> <li>Abolition of the <a href="/wiki/French_nobility#The_abolition_of_privileges_during_the_French_Revolution" title="French nobility">Nobility</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 Jun 1790)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">Civil Constitution of the Clergy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(12 Jul 1790)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration" title="Fête de la Fédération">Fête de la Fédération</a></i> <small>(14 Jul 1790)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1791</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_to_Varennes" title="Flight to Varennes">Flight to Varennes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20–21 Jun 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_massacre" title="Champ de Mars massacre">Champ de Mars massacre</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Jul 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Pillnitz" title="Declaration of Pillnitz">Declaration of Pillnitz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Aug 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791" title="French Constitution of 1791">The Constitution of 1791</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Sep 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">National Legislative Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1792</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">France declares war</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Apr 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Manifesto" title="Brunswick Manifesto">Brunswick Manifesto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jul 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune_(1789%E2%80%931795)" title="Paris Commune (1789–1795)">Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Jun 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792" title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792">10th of August</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(10 Aug 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_Massacres" title="September Massacres">September Massacres</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sep 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First republic declared</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Sep 1792)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1793</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Louis_XVI" title="Execution of Louis XVI">Execution of Louis XVI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Jan 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tribunal" title="Revolutionary Tribunal">Revolutionary Tribunal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Public_Safety" title="Committee of Public Safety">Committee of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_General_Security" title="Committee of General Security">Committee of General Security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793" title="Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793">Fall of the Girondists</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Jun 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat#Death" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Assassination of Marat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Jul 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev%C3%A9e_en_masse" title="Levée en masse">Levée en masse</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 Aug 1793)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Marat" title="The Death of Marat">The Death of Marat</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(painting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Suspects" title="Law of Suspects">Law of Suspects</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Sep 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette#Trial_and_execution_(14–16_October_1793)" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette is guillotined</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(16 Oct 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution#The_Revolution_and_the_Church" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Anti-clerical laws</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(throughout the year)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1794</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton#Life" title="Georges Danton">Danton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins#Trial_and_execution" title="Camille Desmoulins">Desmoulins guillotined</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Apr 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Prairial" title="Law of 22 Prairial">Law of 22 Prairial</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(10 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction" title="Thermidorian Reaction">Thermidorian Reaction</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Jul 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a> guillotined <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 Jul 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">White Terror</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Fall 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobins#Fall_from_power" title="Jacobins">Closing of the Jacobin Club</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 Nov 1794)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1795–6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_12_Germinal_Year_III" title="Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III">Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Apr 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_III" title="Constitution of the Year III">Constitution of the Year III</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Aug 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directoire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1795–99)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Hundred" title="Council of Five Hundred">Council of Five Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ancients" title="Council of Ancients">Council of Ancients</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_Vend%C3%A9miaire" title="13 Vendémiaire">13 Vendémiaire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">5 Oct 1795</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_of_the_Equals" title="Conspiracy of the Equals">Conspiracy of the Equals</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(May 1796)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1797</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Fructidor" title="Coup of 18 Fructidor">Coup of 18 Fructidor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 Sep 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Rastatt" title="Second Congress of Rastatt">Second Congress of Rastatt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dec 1797)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1798</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Flor%C3%A9al_Year_VI" title="Law of 22 Floréal Year VI">Law of 22 Floréal Year VI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 May 1798)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1799</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_30_Prairial_VII" title="Coup of 30 Prairial VII">Coup of 30 Prairial VII</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">Coup of 18 Brumaire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Nov 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_VIII" title="Constitution of the Year VIII">Constitution of the Year VIII</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Dec 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Revolutionary_campaigns" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Revolutionary campaigns</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1792_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1792</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)" title="Battle of Verdun (1792)">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thionville_(1792)" title="Siege of Thionville (1792)">Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmy" title="Battle of Valmy">Valmy</a></li> <li>Royalist Revolts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>Dauphiné</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_the_Goddess" title="Column of the Goddess">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1792)" title="Siege of Mainz (1792)">Siege of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jemappes" title="Battle of Jemappes">Jemappes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1792)" title="Siege of Namur (1792)">Namur</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Namur_(1792)" class="extiw" title="fr:Siège de Namur (1792)">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1793_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1793 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1793</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neerwinden_(1793)" title="Battle of Neerwinden (1793)">Battle of Neerwinden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Famars" title="Battle of Famars">Battle of Famars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 May 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Sardinia" title="French expedition to Sardinia">Expedition to Sardinia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaiserslautern" title="Battle of Kaiserslautern">Battle of Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1793)" title="Siege of Mainz (1793)">Siege of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wattignies" title="Battle of Wattignies">Battle of Wattignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hondschoote" title="Battle of Hondschoote">Battle of Hondschoote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bellegarde_(1793)" title="Siege of Bellegarde (1793)">Siege of Bellegarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peyrestortes" title="Battle of Peyrestortes">Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toulon" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Toulon">Siege of Toulon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">First Battle of Wissembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Oct 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Truillas" title="Battle of Truillas">Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">Second Battle of Wissembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26–27 Dec 1793)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1794_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1794 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1794</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villers-en-Cauchies" title="Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies">Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Apr 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Boulou" title="Second Battle of Boulou">Second Battle of Boulou</a> (Pyrenees) <span style="font-size:85%;">(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tourcoing" title="Battle of Tourcoing">Battle of Tourcoing</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tournay_(1794)" title="Battle of Tournay (1794)">Battle of Tournay</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_First_of_June" title="Glorious First of June">Glorious First of June</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1794)" title="Battle of Fleurus (1794)">Battle of Fleurus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aldenhoven_(1794)" title="Battle of Aldenhoven (1794)">Battle of Aldenhoven</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Oct 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Luxembourg_(1794-95)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Luxembourg (1794-95)">Siege of Luxembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1795_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1795 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1795</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Luxembourg_(1794-95)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Luxembourg (1794-95)">Siege of Luxembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Basel" title="Peace of Basel">Peace of Basel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1796_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1796 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1796</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_of_1796%E2%80%931797" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign of 1796–1797">Italian campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lonato" title="Battle of Lonato">Battle of Lonato</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3–4 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castiglione" title="Battle of Castiglione">Battle of Castiglione</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Theiningen" title="Battle of Theiningen">Battle of Theiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neresheim" title="Battle of Neresheim">Battle of Neresheim</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amberg" title="Battle of Amberg">Battle of Amberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Battle of Würzburg">Battle of Würzburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rovereto" title="Battle of Rovereto">Battle of Rovereto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassano" title="Battle of Bassano">First Battle of Bassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(8 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Emmendingen" title="Battle of Emmendingen">Battle of Emmendingen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(19 Oct 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schliengen" title="Battle of Schliengen">Battle of Schliengen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Oct 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bassano" title="Second Battle of Bassano">Second Battle of Bassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(6 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Calliano" title="Battle of Calliano">Battle of Calliano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(6–7 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcole" title="Battle of Arcole">Battle of Arcole</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15–17 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Ireland_(1796)" title="French expedition to Ireland (1796)">Ireland expedition</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dec 1796)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1797_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1797 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1797</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_of_1796-1797" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign of 1796-1797">Italian campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_January_1797" title="Action of 13 January 1797">Naval Engagement off Brittany</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rivoli" title="Battle of Rivoli">Battle of Rivoli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14–15 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_25_January_1797" title="Action of 25 January 1797">Battle of the Bay of Cádiz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Leoben" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Leoben">Treaty of Leoben</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Apr 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuwied_(1797)" title="Battle of Neuwied (1797)">Battle of Neuwied</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Apr 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Oct 1797)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1798_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1798 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1798</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Switzerland" title="French invasion of Switzerland">French invasion of Switzerland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 January – 17 May 1798)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">French Invasion of Egypt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798#French_landing" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_War_(1798)" title="Peasants' War (1798)">Peasants' War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1799_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1799</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1802)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1799)" title="Siege of Acre (1799)">Siege of Acre</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Battle of Ostrach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20–21 Mar 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Mar 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magnano" title="Battle of Magnano">Battle of Magnano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Apr 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassano_(1799)" title="Battle of Cassano (1799)">Battle of Cassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27–28 Apr 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zurich" title="First Battle of Zurich">First Battle of Zurich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4–7 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">Battle of Trebbia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17–20 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_(1799)" title="Battle of Novi (1799)">Battle of Novi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15 Aug 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zurich" title="Second Battle of Zurich">Second Battle of Zurich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25–26 Sep 1799)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1800_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns of 1800 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1800</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14 Jun 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Alessandria" title="Convention of Alessandria">Convention of Alessandria</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15 Jun 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hohenlinden" title="Battle of Hohenlinden">Battle of Hohenlinden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Dec 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Armed_Neutrality" title="Second League of Armed Neutrality">League of Armed Neutrality</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1800–02)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1801_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns of 1801 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1801</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Treaty of Lunéville">Treaty of Lunéville</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Feb 1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Florence" title="Treaty of Florence">Treaty of Florence</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Mar 1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_campaign" title="Algeciras campaign">Algeciras campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(8 Jul 1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1802</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Mar 1802)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1802)" title="Treaty of Paris (1802)">Treaty of Paris</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jun 1802)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Military_leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military leaders</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustache_Charles_d%27Aoust" title="Eustache Charles d'Aoust">Eustache Charles d'Aoust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Augereau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Augereau">Pierre Augereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais" title="Alexandre de Beauharnais">Alexandre de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="Jean-Baptiste Bessières">Jean-Baptiste Bessières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Brune" title="Guillaume Brune">Guillaume Brune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Carteaux" title="Jean François Carteaux">Jean François Carteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89tienne_Championnet" title="Jean-Étienne Championnet">Jean-Étienne Championnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bertin_Gaston_Chapuis_de_Tourville" title="Charles Bertin Gaston Chapuis de Tourville">Chapuis de Tourville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Philippe,_Comte_de_Custine" title="Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine">Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Louis-Nicolas Davout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Desaix" title="Louis Desaix">Louis Desaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dugommier" title="Jacques François Dugommier">Jacques François Dugommier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas-Alexandre_Dumas" title="Thomas-Alexandre Dumas">Thomas-Alexandre Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumouriez" title="Charles François Dumouriez">Charles François Dumouriez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Marie_Barth%C3%A9lemy_Ferino" title="Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino">Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Charles_de_Flers" title="Louis-Charles de Flers">Louis-Charles de Flers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grenier" title="Paul Grenier">Paul Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_de_Grouchy,_marquis_de_Grouchy" title="Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy">Emmanuel de Grouchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maurice_Hatry" title="Jacques Maurice Hatry">Jacques Maurice Hatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">Lazare Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan" title="Jean-Baptiste Jourdan">Jean-Baptiste Jourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_de_Kellermann" title="François Christophe de Kellermann">François Christophe de Kellermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="Jean-Baptiste Kléber">Jean-Baptiste Kléber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Choderlos_de_Laclos" title="Pierre Choderlos de Laclos">Pierre Choderlos de Laclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Leclerc_(general,_born_1772)" title="Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)">Charles Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lecourbe" title="Claude Lecourbe">Claude Lecourbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Lefebvre" title="François Joseph Lefebvre">François Joseph Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald" title="Étienne Macdonald">Étienne Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Marbot" title="Jean-Antoine Marbot">Jean-Antoine Marbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Marbot" title="Marcellin Marbot">Marcellin Marbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9verin_Marceau" title="François Séverin Marceau">François Séverin Marceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon-Adrien_Jeannot_de_Moncey" title="Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey">Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">Jean Victor Marie Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Tr%C3%A9vise" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise">Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Jacques_Osten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Jacques Osten (page does not exist)">Pierre-Jacques Osten</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Jacques_Osten" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre-Jacques Osten">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Oudinot" title="Nicolas Oudinot">Nicolas Oudinot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine-Dominique_de_P%C3%A9rignon" title="Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon">Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Józef Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" title="Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Louis_Joseph_Sch%C3%A9rer" title="Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer">Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Mathieu-Philibert_S%C3%A9rurier" title="Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier">Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Souham" title="Joseph Souham">Joseph Souham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Gabriel_Suchet" title="Louis-Gabriel Suchet">Louis-Gabriel Suchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Henri_Belgrand_de_Vaubois" title="Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois">Belgrand de Vaubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Victor_Perrin" title="Claude-Victor Perrin">Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Navy#18th_century" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Alexandre_L%C3%A9on_Durand_Linois" title="Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois">Charles-Alexandre Linois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Wars">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Alvinczi" title="József Alvinczi">József Alvinczi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9bastien_Charles_Joseph_de_Croix,_Count_of_Clerfayt" title="François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt">Count of Clerfayt <span style="font-size:85%;">(Walloon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg">Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Freiherr_von_Hotze" title="Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze">Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze <span style="font-size:85%;">(Swiss)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Adolf,_Count_von_Kalckreuth" title="Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth">Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kray" title="Paul Kray">Pál Kray <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hungarian)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eugene,_Prince_of_Lambesc" title="Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc">Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc <span style="font-size:85%;">(French)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Anton_Karl,_Count_Baillet_de_Latour" title="Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour">Maximilian Baillet de Latour <span style="font-size:85%;">(Walloon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mack_von_Leiberich" title="Karl Mack von Leiberich">Karl Mack von Leiberich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ritter_von_Otto" title="Rudolf Ritter von Otto">Rudolf Ritter von Otto <span style="font-size:85%;">(Saxon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Josias_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" title="Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Vitus_von_Quosdanovich" title="Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich">Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Heinrich_XV_of_Reuss-Plauen" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen">Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_M%C3%A9sz%C3%A1ros_von_Szoboszl%C3%B3" title="Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló">Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hungarian)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Philipp_Sebottendorf" title="Karl Philipp Sebottendorf">Karl Philipp Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_Sigmund_von_Wurmser" title="Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser">Dagobert von Wurmser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abercromby" title="Ralph Abercromby">Ralph Abercromby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Saumarez,_1st_Baron_de_Saumarez" title="James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez">James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Pellew,_1st_Viscount_Exmouth" title="Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth">Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany">Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic"><img alt="Dutch Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_V,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William V, Prince of Orange">William V, Prince of Orange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen">Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korsakov" title="Alexander Korsakov">Alexander Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov">Alexander Suvorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rosenberg" title="Andrei Rosenberg">Andrei Rosenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700%E2%80%931810)#Charles_IV,_decline_and_fall_(1788–1808)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1700–1810)">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Firm%C3%ADn_de_Carvajal,_Conde_de_la_Uni%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Firmín de Carvajal, Conde de la Unión">Luis Firmin de Carvajal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ricardos" title="Antonio Ricardos">Antonio Ricardos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Other_significant_figures_and_factions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other significant figures and factions</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Society_of_1789" title="Patriotic Society of 1789">Patriotic Society of 1789</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Alexandre_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric,_duc_de_la_Rochefoucauld-Liancourt" class="mw-redirect" title="François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt">François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier" title="Isaac René Guy le Chapelier">Isaac René Guy le Chapelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Nicolas de Condorcet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a><br />and <i><a href="/wiki/Club_de_Clichy" title="Club de Clichy">monarchiens</a></i></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Elliott" title="Grace Elliott">Grace Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_II_de_La_Porte" title="Arnaud II de La Porte">Arnaud de La Porte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Sifrein_Maury" title="Jean-Sifrein Maury">Jean-Sifrein Maury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie,_marquis_de_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy">François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Mathieu_Dumas" title="Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas">Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Barnave" title="Antoine Barnave">Antoine Barnave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre-Th%C3%A9odore-Victor,_comte_de_Lameth" title="Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth">Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Malo_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lameth" title="Charles Malo François Lameth">Charles Malo François Lameth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A9nier" title="André Chénier">André Chénier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rewbell" title="Jean-François Rewbell">Jean-François Rewbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Jordan_(politician)" title="Camille Jordan (politician)">Camille Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Madame de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Antoine_de_Boissy_d%27Anglas" title="François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas">Boissy d'Anglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_Royer-Collard" title="Pierre Paul Royer-Collard">Pierre Paul Royer-Collard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pierre_Brissot" title="Jacques Pierre Brissot">Jacques Pierre Brissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Roland_de_la_Plati%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière">Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Roland" title="Madame Roland">Madame Roland</a></li> <li>Father <a href="/wiki/Henri_Gr%C3%A9goire" title="Henri Grégoire">Henri Grégoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Étienne Clavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Marquis de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Corday" title="Charlotte Corday">Charlotte Corday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Jean_H%C3%A9rault_de_S%C3%A9chelles" title="Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles">Marie Jean Hérault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Treilhard" title="Jean Baptiste Treilhard">Jean Baptiste Treilhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victurnien_Vergniaud" title="Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud">Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9tion_de_Villeneuve" title="Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve">Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Debry" title="Jean Debry">Jean Debry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_de_Gouges" title="Olympe de Gouges">Olympe de Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet">Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_La_R%C3%A9velli%C3%A8re-L%C3%A9peaux" title="Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux">Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plain" title="The Plain">The Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Abbé Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès">de Cambacérès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun" title="Charles-François Lebrun">Charles-François Lebrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Cambon" title="Pierre-Joseph Cambon">Pierre-Joseph Cambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Égalité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Christophe_Merlin" title="Antoine Christophe Merlin">Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Mounier" title="Jean Joseph Mounier">Jean Joseph Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Samuel_du_Pont_de_Nemours" title="Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours">Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/The_Mountain" title="The Mountain">Montagnards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Louis Antoine de Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul Barras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Michel_le_Peletier,_marquis_de_Saint-Fargeau" title="Louis-Michel le Peletier, marquis de Saint-Fargeau">Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Couthon" title="Georges Couthon">Georges Couthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos">Roger Ducos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Collot_d%27Herbois" title="Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois">Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Henri_Voulland" title="Jean-Henri Voulland">Jean-Henri Voulland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Quentin_Fouquier-Tinville" title="Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville">Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Le_Bas" title="Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas">Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Guillaume_Alexis_Vadier" title="Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier">Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre-Andr%C3%A9_Amar" title="Jean-Pierre-André Amar">Jean-Pierre-André Amar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Antoine,_comte_Prieur-Duvernois" title="Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois">Prieur de la Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Prieur" title="Pierre Louis Prieur">Prieur de la Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Romme" title="Gilbert Romme">Gilbert Romme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bon_Saint-Andr%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Bon Saint-André">Jean Bon Saint-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Lambert_Tallien" title="Jean-Lambert Tallien">Jean-Lambert Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Prieur" title="Pierre Louis Prieur">Pierre Louis Prieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Christophe_Saliceti" title="Antoine Christophe Saliceti">Antoine Christophe Saliceti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9bertists" title="Hébertists">Hébertists</a><br />and <i><a href="/wiki/Enrag%C3%A9s" title="Enragés">Enragés</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Jacques Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Nicolas_Billaud-Varenne" title="Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne">Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaspard_Chaumette" title="Pierre Gaspard Chaumette">Pierre Gaspard Chaumette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Charles-Philippe Ronsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Momoro" title="Antoine-François Momoro">Antoine-François Momoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Nicolas_Vincent" title="François-Nicolas Vincent">François-Nicolas Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Chabot" title="François Chabot">François Chabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_No%C3%ABl_Bouchotte" title="Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte">Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Joseph_Gobel" title="Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel">Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot">François Hanriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Jacques Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas-Marie_Maillard" title="Stanislas-Marie Maillard">Stanislas-Marie Maillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Charles-Philippe Ronsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Varlet" title="Jean-François Varlet">Jean-François Varlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Th%C3%A9ophile_Victor_Leclerc" title="Jean Théophile Victor Leclerc">Theophile Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Lacombe" title="Claire Lacombe">Claire Lacombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_L%C3%A9on" title="Pauline Léon">Pauline Léon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Gracchus Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Sylvain Maréchal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henri,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Henri, Prince of Condé">Louis Henri, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé">Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fesch" title="Joseph Fesch">Joseph Fesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Donatien_Le_Ray_de_Chaumont" title="Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont">Jacques-Donatien Le Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Lamoignon_de_Malesherbes" title="Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes">Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A9sa_Tallien" title="Thérésa Tallien">Thérésa Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gui-Jean-Baptiste_Target" title="Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target">Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Th%C3%A9ot" title="Catherine Théot">Catherine Théot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Louise_of_Savoy,_Princesse_de_Lamballe" title="Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe">Madame de Lamballe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_du_Barry" title="Madame du Barry">Madame du Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil" title="Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil">Louis de Breteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chouan" title="Jean Chouan">Jean Chouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">Loménie de Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne" title="Charles Alexandre de Calonne">Charles Alexandre de Calonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Jacques Necker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Duval_d%27Epr%C3%A9mesnil" title="Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil">Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_associated_with_the_French_Revolution" title="List of people associated with the French Revolution">List of people associated with the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobins" title="Jacobins">Jacobins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cordeliers" title="Cordeliers">Cordeliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_Club" title="Panthéon Club">Panthéon Club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Friends_of_Truth" title="Society of the Friends of Truth">Social Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Influential_thinkers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Influential thinkers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Les Lumières</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacharsis_Cloots" title="Anacharsis Cloots">Anacharsis Cloots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Charles-Augustin de Coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Claude_Fran%C3%A7ois_Daunou" title="Pierre Claude François Daunou">Pierre Claude François Daunou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Abbé Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Cultural_impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cultural impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">Cockade of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">Flag of France</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscadin" title="Muscadin">Muscadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Metric system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being" title="Cult of the Supreme Being">Cult of the Supreme Being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Reason" title="Cult of Reason">Cult of Reason</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Reason" title="Temple of Reason">Temple of Reason</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Sans-culottes" title="Sans-culottes">Sans-culottes</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_cap" title="Phrygian cap">Phrygian cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_French_Revolution" title="Women in the French Revolution">Women in the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incroyables_and_merveilleuses" title="Incroyables and merveilleuses">Incroyables and merveilleuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_in_the_French_Revolution" title="Symbolism in the French Revolution">Symbolism in the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Historiography of the French Revolution">Historiography of the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Influence of the French Revolution">Influence of the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_during_the_French_Revolution_and_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="List of films set during the French Revolution and French Revolutionary Wars">Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Years_in_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_France" title="Template:Years in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_France" title="Template talk:Years in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Years_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Years in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Years_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_France" title="List of years in France">Years</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_in_France" title="Category:Years in France">Pre-1201</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1201_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1201 in France (page does not exist)">1201</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1202_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1202 in France (page does not exist)">1202</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1203_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1203 in France (page does not exist)">1203</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1204_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1204 in France (page does not exist)">1204</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1205_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1205 in France (page does not exist)">1205</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1206_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1206 in France (page does not exist)">1206</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1207_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1207 in France (page does not exist)">1207</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1208_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1208 in France (page does not exist)">1208</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1209_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1209 in France (page does not exist)">1209</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1210_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1210 in France (page does not exist)">1210</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1211_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1211 in France (page does not exist)">1211</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1212_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1212 in France (page does not exist)">1312</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1213_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1213 in France (page does not exist)">1213</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1214_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1214 in France (page does not exist)">1214</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1215_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1215 in France (page does not exist)">1215</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1216_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1216 in France (page does not exist)">1216</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1217_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1217 in France (page does not exist)">1217</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1218_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1218 in France (page does not exist)">1218</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1219 in France (page does not exist)">1219</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1220_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1220 in France (page does not exist)">1220</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1221 in France (page does not exist)">1221</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1222_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1222 in France (page does not exist)">1222</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1223_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1223 in France (page does not exist)">1223</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1224_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1224 in France (page does not exist)">1224</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1225_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1225 in France (page does not exist)">1225</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1226_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1226 in France (page does not exist)">1226</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1227_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1227 in France (page does not exist)">1227</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1228_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1228 in France (page does not exist)">1228</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1229_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1229 in France (page does not exist)">1229</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1230_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1230 in France (page does not exist)">1230</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1231_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1231 in France (page does not exist)">1231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1232_in_France" title="1232 in France">1232</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1233_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1233 in France (page does not exist)">1233</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1234_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1234 in France (page does not exist)">1234</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1235_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1235 in France (page does not exist)">1235</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1236_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1236 in France (page does not exist)">1236</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1237_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1237 in France (page does not exist)">1237</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1238 in France (page does not exist)">1238</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1239_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1239 in France (page does not exist)">1239</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1240_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1240 in France (page does not exist)">1240</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1241_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1241 in France (page does not exist)">1241</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1242_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1242 in France (page does not exist)">1242</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1243_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1243 in France (page does not exist)">1243</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1244_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1244 in France (page does not exist)">1244</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1245_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1245 in France (page does not exist)">1245</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1246_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1246 in France (page does not exist)">1246</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1247_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1247 in France (page does not exist)">1247</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1248 in France (page does not exist)">1248</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1249_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1249 in France (page does not exist)">1249</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1250_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1250 in France (page does not exist)">1250</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1251_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1251 in France (page does not exist)">1251</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1252_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1252 in France (page does not exist)">1252</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1253_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1253 in France (page does not exist)">1253</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1254_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1254 in France (page does not exist)">1254</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1255_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1255 in France (page does not exist)">1255</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1256_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1256 in France (page does not exist)">1256</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1257_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1257 in France (page does not exist)">1257</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1258_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1258 in France (page does not exist)">1258</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1259_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1259 in France (page does not exist)">1259</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1260_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1260 in France (page does not exist)">1260</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1261 in France (page does not exist)">1261</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1262 in France (page does not exist)">1262</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1263 in France (page does not exist)">1263</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1264 in France (page does not exist)">1264</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1265_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1265 in France (page does not exist)">1265</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1266_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1266 in France (page does not exist)">1266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1267_in_France" title="1267 in France">1267</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1268_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1268 in France (page does not exist)">1268</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1269_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1269 in France (page does not exist)">1269</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1270_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1270 in France (page does not exist)">1270</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1271_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1271 in France (page does not exist)">1271</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1272_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1272 in France (page does not exist)">1272</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1273_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1273 in France (page does not exist)">1273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1274_in_France" title="1274 in France">1274</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1275_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1275 in France (page does not exist)">1275</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1376_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1376 in France (page does not exist)">1276</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1377_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1377 in France (page does not exist)">1277</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1378_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1378 in France (page does not exist)">1278</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1379_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1379 in France (page does not exist)">1279</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1280_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1280 in France (page does not exist)">1280</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1281_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1281 in France (page does not exist)">1281</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1282_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1282 in France (page does not exist)">1282</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1283_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1283 in France (page does not exist)">1283</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1284_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1284 in France (page does not exist)">1284</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1285 in France (page does not exist)">1285</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1286_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1286 in France (page does not exist)">1286</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1287_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1287 in France (page does not exist)">1287</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1288_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1288 in France (page does not exist)">1288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1289_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1289 in France (page does not exist)">1289</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1290_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1290 in France (page does not exist)">1290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1291_in_France" title="1291 in France">1291</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1292_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1292 in France (page does not exist)">1292</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1293_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1293 in France (page does not exist)">1293</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1294_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1294 in France (page does not exist)">1294</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1295_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1295 in France (page does not exist)">1295</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1296_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1296 in France (page does not exist)">1296</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1297_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1297 in France (page does not exist)">1297</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1298_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1298 in France (page does not exist)">1298</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1299_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1299 in France (page does not exist)">1299</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1300_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1300 in France (page does not exist)">1300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1301_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1301 in France (page does not exist)">1301</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1302_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1302 in France (page does not exist)">1302</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1303_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1303 in France (page does not exist)">1303</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1304_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1304 in France (page does not exist)">1304</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1305_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1305 in France (page does not exist)">1305</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1306_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1306 in France (page does not exist)">1306</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1307_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1307 in France (page does not exist)">1307</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1308_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1308 in France (page does not exist)">1308</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1309_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1309 in France (page does not exist)">1309</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1310_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1310 in France (page does not exist)">1310</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1311_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1311 in France (page does not exist)">1311</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1312_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1312 in France (page does not exist)">1312</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1313_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1313 in France (page does not exist)">1313</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1314_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1314 in France (page does not exist)">1314</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1315_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1315 in France (page does not exist)">1315</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1316_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1316 in France (page does not exist)">1316</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1317_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1317 in France (page does not exist)">1317</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1318_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1318 in France (page does not exist)">1318</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1319_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1319 in France (page does not exist)">1319</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1320_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1320 in France (page does not exist)">1320</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1321_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1321 in France (page does not exist)">1321</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1322_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1322 in France (page does not exist)">1322</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1323_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1323 in France (page does not exist)">1323</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1324_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1324 in France (page does not exist)">1324</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1325_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1325 in France (page does not exist)">1325</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1326_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1326 in France (page does not exist)">1326</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1327_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1327 in France (page does not exist)">1327</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1328_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1328 in France (page does not exist)">1328</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1329_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1329 in France (page does not exist)">1329</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1330_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1330 in France (page does not exist)">1330</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1331_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1331 in France (page does not exist)">1331</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1332_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1332 in France (page does not exist)">1332</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1333_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1333 in France (page does not exist)">1333</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1334_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1334 in France (page does not exist)">1334</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1335_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1335 in France (page does not exist)">1335</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1336_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1336 in France (page does not exist)">1336</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1337_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1337 in France (page does not exist)">1337</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1338_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1338 in France (page does not exist)">1338</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1339_in_France" title="1339 in France">1339</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1340_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1340 in France (page does not exist)">1340</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1341_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1341 in France (page does not exist)">1341</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1342_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1342 in France (page does not exist)">1342</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1343_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1343 in France (page does not exist)">1343</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1344_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1344 in France (page does not exist)">1344</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1345_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1345 in France (page does not exist)">1345</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1346_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1346 in France (page does not exist)">1346</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1347_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1347 in France (page does not exist)">1347</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1348_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1348 in France (page does not exist)">1348</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1349_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1349 in France (page does not exist)">1349</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1350_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1350 in France (page does not exist)">1350</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1351_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1351 in France (page does not exist)">1351</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1352_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1352 in France (page does not exist)">1352</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1353_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1353 in France (page does not exist)">1353</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1354_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1354 in France (page does not exist)">1354</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1355_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1355 in France (page does not exist)">1355</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1356_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1356 in France (page does not exist)">1356</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1357_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1357 in France (page does not exist)">1357</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1358_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1358 in France (page does not exist)">1358</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1359_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1359 in France (page does not exist)">1359</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1360_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1360 in France (page does not exist)">1360</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1361_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1361 in France (page does not exist)">1361</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1362_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1362 in France (page does not exist)">1362</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1363_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1363 in France (page does not exist)">1363</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1364_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1364 in France (page does not exist)">1364</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1365_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1365 in France (page does not exist)">1365</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1366_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1366 in France (page does not exist)">1366</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1367_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1367 in France (page does not exist)">1367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1368_in_France" title="1368 in France">1368</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1369_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1369 in France (page does not exist)">1369</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1370_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1370 in France (page does not exist)">1370</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1371_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1371 in France (page does not exist)">1371</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1372_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1372 in France (page does not exist)">1372</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1373_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1373 in France (page does not exist)">1373</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1374_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1374 in France (page does not exist)">1374</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1375_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1375 in France (page does not exist)">1375</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1376_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1376 in France (page does not exist)">1376</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1377_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1377 in France (page does not exist)">1377</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1378_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1378 in France (page does not exist)">1378</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1379_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1379 in France (page does not exist)">1379</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1380_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1380 in France (page does not exist)">1380</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1381_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1381 in France (page does not exist)">1381</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1382_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1382 in France (page does not exist)">1382</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1383_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1383 in France (page does not exist)">1383</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1384_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1384 in France (page does not exist)">1384</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1385_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1385 in France (page does not exist)">1385</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1386_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1386 in France (page does not exist)">1386</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1387_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1387 in France (page does not exist)">1387</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1388_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1388 in France (page does not exist)">1388</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1389_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1389 in France (page does not exist)">1389</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1390_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1390 in France (page does not exist)">1390</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1391_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1391 in France (page does not exist)">1391</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1392_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1392 in France (page does not exist)">1392</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1393_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1393 in France (page does not exist)">1393</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1394_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1394 in France (page does not exist)">1394</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1395_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1395 in France (page does not exist)">1395</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1396_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1396 in France (page does not exist)">1396</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1397_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1397 in France (page does not exist)">1397</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1398_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1398 in France (page does not exist)">1398</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1399_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1399 in France (page does not exist)">1399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1400_in_France" title="1400 in France">1400</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1401_in_France" title="1401 in France">1401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1402_in_France" title="1402 in France">1402</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1403_in_France" title="1403 in France">1403</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1404_in_France" title="1404 in France">1404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1405_in_France" title="1405 in France">1405</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1406_in_France" title="1406 in France">1406</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1407_in_France" title="1407 in France">1407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1408_in_France" title="1408 in France">1408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1409_in_France" title="1409 in France">1409</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1410_in_France" title="1410 in France">1410</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1411_in_France" title="1411 in France">1411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1412_in_France" title="1412 in France">1412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1413_in_France" title="1413 in France">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1414_in_France" title="1414 in France">1414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1415_in_France" title="1415 in France">1415</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1416_in_France" title="1416 in France">1416</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1417_in_France" title="1417 in France">1417</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1418_in_France" title="1418 in France">1418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1419_in_France" title="1419 in France">1419</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1420_in_France" title="1420 in France">1420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1421_in_France" title="1421 in France">1421</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1422_in_France" title="1422 in France">1422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1423_in_France" title="1423 in France">1423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1424_in_France" title="1424 in France">1424</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1425_in_France" title="1425 in France">1425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1426_in_France" title="1426 in France">1426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1427_in_France" title="1427 in France">1427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1428_in_France" title="1428 in France">1428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1429_in_France" title="1429 in France">1429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1430_in_France" title="1430 in France">1430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1431_in_France" title="1431 in France">1431</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1432_in_France" title="1432 in France">1432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1433_in_France" title="1433 in France">1433</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1434_in_France" title="1434 in France">1434</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1435_in_France" title="1435 in France">1435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1436_in_France" title="1436 in France">1436</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1437_in_France" title="1437 in France">1437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1438_in_France" title="1438 in France">1438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1439_in_France" title="1439 in France">1439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440_in_France" title="1440 in France">1440</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1441_in_France" title="1441 in France">1441</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1442_in_France" title="1442 in France">1442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1443_in_France" title="1443 in France">1443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1444_in_France" title="1444 in France">1444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1445_in_France" title="1445 in France">1445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1446_in_France" title="1446 in France">1446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1447_in_France" title="1447 in France">1447</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1448_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1448 in France (page does not exist)">1448</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1449_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1449 in France (page does not exist)">1449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1450_in_France" title="1450 in France">1450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1451_in_France" title="1451 in France">1451</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1452_in_France" title="1452 in France">1452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1453_in_France" title="1453 in France">1453</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1454_in_France" title="1454 in France">1454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1455_in_France" title="1455 in France">1455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1456_in_France" title="1456 in France">1456</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1457_in_France" title="1457 in France">1457</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1458_in_France" title="1458 in France">1458</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1459_in_France" title="1459 in France">1459</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1460_in_France" title="1460 in France">1460</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1461_in_France" title="1461 in France">1461</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1462_in_France" title="1462 in France">1462</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1463_in_France" title="1463 in France">1463</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1464_in_France" title="1464 in France">1464</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1465_in_France" title="1465 in France">1465</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1466_in_France" title="1466 in France">1466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1467_in_France" title="1467 in France">1467</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1468_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1468 in France (page does not exist)">1468</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1469_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1469 in France (page does not exist)">1469</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1470_in_France" title="1470 in France">1470</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1471_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1471 in France (page does not exist)">1471</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1472_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1472 in France (page does not exist)">1472</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1473_in_France" title="1473 in France">1473</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1474_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1474 in France (page does not exist)">1474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1475_in_France" title="1475 in France">1475</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1476_in_France" title="1476 in France">1476</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1477_in_France" title="1477 in France">1477</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1478_in_France" title="1478 in France">1478</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1479_in_France" title="1479 in France">1479</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1480_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1480 in France (page does not exist)">1480</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1481 in France (page does not exist)">1481</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1482_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1482 in France (page does not exist)">1482</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1483_in_France" title="1483 in France">1483</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1484_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1484 in France (page does not exist)">1484</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1485_in_France" title="1485 in France">1485</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1486_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1486 in France (page does not exist)">1486</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1487_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1487 in France (page does not exist)">1487</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1488_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1488 in France (page does not exist)">1488</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1489_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1489 in France (page does not exist)">1489</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1490_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1490 in France (page does not exist)">1490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1491_in_France" title="1491 in France">1491</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1492_in_France" title="1492 in France">1492</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1493_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1493 in France (page does not exist)">1493</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1494_in_France" title="1494 in France">1494</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1495_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1495 in France (page does not exist)">1495</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1496_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1496 in France (page does not exist)">1496</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1497_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1497 in France (page does not exist)">1497</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1498_in_France" title="1498 in France">1498</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1499_in_France" title="1499 in France">1499</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1500_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1500 in France (page does not exist)">1500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1501_in_France" title="1501 in France">1501</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1502_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1502 in France (page does not exist)">1502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1503_in_France" title="1503 in France">1503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1504_in_France" title="1504 in France">1504</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1505_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1505 in France (page does not exist)">1505</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1506_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1506 in France (page does not exist)">1506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1507_in_France" title="1507 in France">1507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1508_in_France" title="1508 in France">1508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1509_in_France" title="1509 in France">1509</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1510_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1510 in France (page does not exist)">1510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1511_in_France" title="1511 in France">1511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1512_in_France" title="1512 in France">1512</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1513_in_France" title="1513 in France">1513</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1514_in_France" title="1514 in France">1514</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1515_in_France" title="1515 in France">1515</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1516_in_France" title="1516 in France">1516</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1517_in_France" title="1517 in France">1517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1518_in_France" title="1518 in France">1518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1519_in_France" title="1519 in France">1519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1520_in_France" title="1520 in France">1520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1521_in_France" title="1521 in France">1521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1522_in_France" title="1522 in France">1522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1523_in_France" title="1523 in France">1523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1524_in_France" title="1524 in France">1524</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1525_in_France" title="1525 in France">1525</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1526_in_France" title="1526 in France">1526</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1527_in_France" title="1527 in France">1527</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1528_in_France" title="1528 in France">1528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1529_in_France" title="1529 in France">1529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1530_in_France" title="1530 in France">1530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1531_in_France" title="1531 in France">1531</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1532_in_France" title="1532 in France">1532</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1533_in_France" title="1533 in France">1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1534_in_France" title="1534 in France">1534</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1535_in_France" title="1535 in France">1535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1536_in_France" title="1536 in France">1536</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1537_in_France" title="1537 in France">1537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1538_in_France" title="1538 in France">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1539_in_France" title="1539 in France">1539</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1540_in_France" title="1540 in France">1540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1541_in_France" title="1541 in France">1541</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1542_in_France" title="1542 in France">1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1543_in_France" title="1543 in France">1543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1544_in_France" title="1544 in France">1544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1545_in_France" title="1545 in France">1545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1546_in_France" title="1546 in France">1546</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1547_in_France" title="1547 in France">1547</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1548_in_France" title="1548 in France">1548</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1549_in_France" title="1549 in France">1549</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1550_in_France" title="1550 in France">1550</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1551_in_France" title="1551 in France">1551</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1552_in_France" title="1552 in France">1552</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1553_in_France" title="1553 in France">1553</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1554_in_France" title="1554 in France">1554</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1555_in_France" title="1555 in France">1555</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1556_in_France" title="1556 in France">1556</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1557_in_France" title="1557 in France">1557</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1558_in_France" title="1558 in France">1558</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1559_in_France" title="1559 in France">1559</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1560_in_France" title="1560 in France">1560</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1561_in_France" title="1561 in France">1561</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1562_in_France" title="1562 in France">1562</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1563_in_France" title="1563 in France">1563</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1564_in_France" title="1564 in France">1564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1565_in_France" title="1565 in France">1565</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1566_in_France" title="1566 in France">1566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1567_in_France" title="1567 in France">1567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1568_in_France" title="1568 in France">1568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1569_in_France" title="1569 in France">1569</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1570_in_France" title="1570 in France">1570</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1571_in_France" title="1571 in France">1571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1572_in_France" title="1572 in France">1572</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1573_in_France" title="1573 in France">1573</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1574_in_France" title="1574 in France">1574</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1575_in_France" title="1575 in France">1575</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1576_in_France" title="1576 in France">1576</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1577_in_France" title="1577 in France">1577</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1578_in_France" title="1578 in France">1578</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1579_in_France" title="1579 in France">1579</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1580_in_France" title="1580 in France">1580</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1581_in_France" title="1581 in France">1581</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1582_in_France" title="1582 in France">1582</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1583_in_France" title="1583 in France">1583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1584_in_France" title="1584 in France">1584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_in_France" title="1585 in France">1585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1586_in_France" title="1586 in France">1586</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1587_in_France" title="1587 in France">1587</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1588_in_France" title="1588 in France">1588</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1589_in_France" title="1589 in France">1589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1590_in_France" title="1590 in France">1590</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1591_in_France" title="1591 in France">1591</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1592_in_France" title="1592 in France">1592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1593_in_France" title="1593 in France">1593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1594_in_France" title="1594 in France">1594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1595_in_France" title="1595 in France">1595</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1596_in_France" title="1596 in France">1596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1597_in_France" title="1597 in France">1597</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1598_in_France" title="1598 in France">1598</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1599_in_France" title="1599 in France">1599</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1600_in_France" title="1600 in France">1600</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1601_in_France" title="1601 in France">1601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1602_in_France" title="1602 in France">1602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1603_in_France" title="1603 in France">1603</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1604_in_France" title="1604 in France">1604</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1605_in_France" title="1605 in France">1605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1606_in_France" title="1606 in France">1606</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1607_in_France" title="1607 in France">1607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1608_in_France" title="1608 in France">1608</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1609_in_France" title="1609 in France">1609</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1610_in_France" title="1610 in France">1610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1611_in_France" title="1611 in France">1611</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1612_in_France" title="1612 in France">1612</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1613_in_France" title="1613 in France">1613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1614_in_France" title="1614 in France">1614</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1615_in_France" title="1615 in France">1615</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1616_in_France" title="1616 in France">1616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1617_in_France" title="1617 in France">1617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1618_in_France" title="1618 in France">1618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1619_in_France" title="1619 in France">1619</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1620_in_France" title="1620 in France">1620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1621_in_France" title="1621 in France">1621</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1622_in_France" title="1622 in France">1622</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1623_in_France" title="1623 in France">1623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1624_in_France" title="1624 in France">1624</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1625_in_France" title="1625 in France">1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1626_in_France" title="1626 in France">1626</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1627_in_France" title="1627 in France">1627</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1628_in_France" title="1628 in France">1628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1629_in_France" title="1629 in France">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1630_in_France" title="1630 in France">1630</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1631_in_France" title="1631 in France">1631</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1632_in_France" title="1632 in France">1632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1633_in_France" title="1633 in France">1633</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1634_in_France" title="1634 in France">1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1635_in_France" title="1635 in France">1635</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1636_in_France" title="1636 in France">1636</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1637_in_France" title="1637 in France">1637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1638_in_France" title="1638 in France">1638</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1639_in_France" title="1639 in France">1639</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1640_in_France" title="1640 in France">1640</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1641_in_France" title="1641 in France">1641</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1642_in_France" title="1642 in France">1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1643_in_France" title="1643 in France">1643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1644_in_France" title="1644 in France">1644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1645_in_France" title="1645 in France">1645</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1646_in_France" title="1646 in France">1646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1647_in_France" title="1647 in France">1647</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1648_in_France" title="1648 in France">1648</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1649_in_France" title="1649 in France">1649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1650_in_France" title="1650 in France">1650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1651_in_France" title="1651 in France">1651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1652_in_France" title="1652 in France">1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1653_in_France" title="1653 in France">1653</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1654_in_France" title="1654 in France">1654</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1655_in_France" title="1655 in France">1655</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1656_in_France" title="1656 in France">1656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1657_in_France" title="1657 in France">1657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1658_in_France" title="1658 in France">1658</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1659_in_France" title="1659 in France">1659</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1660_in_France" title="1660 in France">1660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1661_in_France" title="1661 in France">1661</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1662_in_France" title="1662 in France">1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1663_in_France" title="1663 in France">1663</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1664_in_France" title="1664 in France">1664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1665_in_France" title="1665 in France">1665</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1666_in_France" title="1666 in France">1666</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1667_in_France" title="1667 in France">1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1668_in_France" title="1668 in France">1668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1669_in_France" title="1669 in France">1669</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1670_in_France" title="1670 in France">1670</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1671_in_France" title="1671 in France">1671</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1672_in_France" title="1672 in France">1672</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1673_in_France" title="1673 in France">1673</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1674_in_France" title="1674 in France">1674</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1675_in_France" title="1675 in France">1675</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1676_in_France" title="1676 in France">1676</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1677_in_France" title="1677 in France">1677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1678_in_France" title="1678 in France">1678</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1679_in_France" title="1679 in France">1679</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1680_in_France" title="1680 in France">1680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1681_in_France" title="1681 in France">1681</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1682_in_France" title="1682 in France">1682</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1683_in_France" title="1683 in France">1683</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1684_in_France" title="1684 in France">1684</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1685_in_France" title="1685 in France">1685</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1686_in_France" title="1686 in France">1686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1687_in_France" title="1687 in France">1687</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1688_in_France" title="1688 in France">1688</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1689_in_France" title="1689 in France">1689</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1690_in_France" title="1690 in France">1690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1691_in_France" title="1691 in France">1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1692_in_France" title="1692 in France">1692</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1693_in_France" title="1693 in France">1693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1694_in_France" title="1694 in France">1694</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1695_in_France" title="1695 in France">1695</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1696_in_France" title="1696 in France">1696</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1697_in_France" title="1697 in France">1697</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1698_in_France" title="1698 in France">1698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1699_in_France" title="1699 in France">1699</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1700_in_France" title="1700 in France">1700</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1701_in_France" title="1701 in France">1701</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1702_in_France" title="1702 in France">1702</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1703_in_France" title="1703 in France">1703</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1704_in_France" title="1704 in France">1704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1705_in_France" title="1705 in France">1705</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1706_in_France" title="1706 in France">1706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1707_in_France" title="1707 in France">1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1708_in_France" title="1708 in France">1708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1709_in_France" title="1709 in France">1709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1710_in_France" title="1710 in France">1710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1711_in_France" title="1711 in France">1711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1712_in_France" title="1712 in France">1712</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1713_in_France" title="1713 in France">1713</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1714_in_France" title="1714 in France">1714</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1715_in_France" title="1715 in France">1715</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1716_in_France" title="1716 in France">1716</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1717_in_France" title="1717 in France">1717</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1718_in_France" title="1718 in France">1718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1719_in_France" title="1719 in France">1719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1720_in_France" title="1720 in France">1720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1721_in_France" title="1721 in France">1721</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1722_in_France" title="1722 in France">1722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1723_in_France" title="1723 in France">1723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1724_in_France" title="1724 in France">1724</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1725_in_France" title="1725 in France">1725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1726_in_France" title="1726 in France">1726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1727_in_France" title="1727 in France">1727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1728_in_France" title="1728 in France">1728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1729_in_France" title="1729 in France">1729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1730_in_France" title="1730 in France">1730</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_France" title="1731 in France">1731</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1732_in_France" title="1732 in France">1732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1733_in_France" title="1733 in France">1733</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1734_in_France" title="1734 in France">1734</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1735_in_France" title="1735 in France">1735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1736_in_France" title="1736 in France">1736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1737_in_France" title="1737 in France">1737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1738_in_France" title="1738 in France">1738</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1739_in_France" title="1739 in France">1739</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1740_in_France" title="1740 in France">1740</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1741_in_France" title="1741 in France">1741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1742_in_France" title="1742 in France">1742</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1743_in_France" title="1743 in France">1743</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1744_in_France" title="1744 in France">1744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1745_in_France" title="1745 in France">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1746_in_France" title="1746 in France">1746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1747_in_France" title="1747 in France">1747</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1748_in_France" title="1748 in France">1748</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1749_in_France" title="1749 in France">1749</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1750_in_France" title="1750 in France">1750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1751_in_France" title="1751 in France">1751</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1752_in_France" title="1752 in France">1752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1753_in_France" title="1753 in France">1753</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1754_in_France" title="1754 in France">1754</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1755_in_France" title="1755 in France">1755</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1756_in_France" title="1756 in France">1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1757_in_France" title="1757 in France">1757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1758_in_France" title="1758 in France">1758</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1759_in_France" title="1759 in France">1759</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1760_in_France" title="1760 in France">1760</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1761_in_France" title="1761 in France">1761</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1762_in_France" title="1762 in France">1762</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1763_in_France" title="1763 in France">1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1764_in_France" title="1764 in France">1764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1765_in_France" title="1765 in France">1765</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1766_in_France" title="1766 in France">1766</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1767_in_France" title="1767 in France">1767</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1768_in_France" title="1768 in France">1768</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_France" title="1769 in France">1769</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1770_in_France" title="1770 in France">1770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1771_in_France" title="1771 in France">1771</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1772_in_France" title="1772 in France">1772</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1773_in_France" title="1773 in France">1773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1774_in_France" title="1774 in France">1774</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1775_in_France" title="1775 in France">1775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1776_in_France" title="1776 in France">1776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1777_in_France" title="1777 in France">1777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1778_in_France" title="1778 in France">1778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1779_in_France" title="1779 in France">1779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1780_in_France" title="1780 in France">1780</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1781_in_France" title="1781 in France">1781</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1782_in_France" title="1782 in France">1782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1783_in_France" title="1783 in France">1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1784_in_France" title="1784 in France">1784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1785_in_France" title="1785 in France">1785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1786_in_France" title="1786 in France">1786</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1787_in_France" title="1787 in France">1787</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788_in_France" title="1788 in France">1788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1789_in_France" title="1789 in France">1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_in_France" title="1790 in France">1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_in_France" title="1791 in France">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_in_France" title="1792 in France">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1793_in_France" title="1793 in France">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1794_in_France" title="1794 in France">1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1795_in_France" title="1795 in France">1795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_in_France" title="1796 in France">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1797_in_France" title="1797 in France">1797</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1798_in_France" title="1798 in France">1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1799_in_France" title="1799 in France">1799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_in_France" title="1800 in France">1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1801_in_France" title="1801 in France">1801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1802_in_France" title="1802 in France">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1803_in_France" title="1803 in France">1803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_in_France" title="1804 in France">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1805_in_France" title="1805 in France">1805</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1806_in_France" title="1806 in France">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1807_in_France" title="1807 in France">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_in_France" title="1808 in France">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_in_France" title="1809 in France">1809</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1810_in_France" title="1810 in France">1810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1811_in_France" title="1811 in France">1811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_France" title="1812 in France">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1813_in_France" title="1813 in France">1813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1814_in_France" title="1814 in France">1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1815_in_France" title="1815 in France">1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_in_France" title="1816 in France">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_France" title="1817 in France">1817</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1818_in_France" title="1818 in France">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1819_in_France" title="1819 in France">1819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_in_France" title="1820 in France">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1821_in_France" title="1821 in France">1821</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1822_in_France" title="1822 in France">1822</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1823_in_France" title="1823 in France">1823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_in_France" title="1824 in France">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1825_in_France" title="1825 in France">1825</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1826_in_France" title="1826 in France">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1827_in_France" title="1827 in France">1827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_in_France" title="1828 in France">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1829_in_France" title="1829 in France">1829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_in_France" title="1830 in France">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_France" title="1831 in France">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_in_France" title="1832 in France">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1833_in_France" title="1833 in France">1833</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1834_in_France" title="1834 in France">1834</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_in_France" title="1835 in France">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_in_France" title="1836 in France">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1837_in_France" title="1837 in France">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_in_France" title="1838 in France">1838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_in_France" title="1839 in France">1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_in_France" title="1840 in France">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841_in_France" title="1841 in France">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1842_in_France" title="1842 in France">1842</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1843_in_France" title="1843 in France">1843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_in_France" title="1844 in France">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1845_in_France" title="1845 in France">1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1846_in_France" title="1846 in France">1846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847_in_France" title="1847 in France">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_in_France" title="1848 in France">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_France" title="1849 in France">1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850_in_France" title="1850 in France">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1851_in_France" title="1851 in France">1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_in_France" title="1852 in France">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_France" title="1853 in France">1853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_in_France" title="1854 in France">1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855_in_France" title="1855 in France">1855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_in_France" title="1856 in France">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_in_France" title="1857 in France">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1858_in_France" title="1858 in France">1858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_France" title="1859 in France">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_in_France" title="1860 in France">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1861_in_France" title="1861 in France">1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862_in_France" title="1862 in France">1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_in_France" title="1863 in France">1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_France" title="1864 in France">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_in_France" title="1865 in France">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_in_France" title="1866 in France">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_in_France" title="1867 in France">1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_France" title="1868 in France">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_in_France" title="1869 in France">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_in_France" title="1870 in France">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_in_France" title="1871 in France">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_in_France" title="1872 in France">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_France" title="1873 in France">1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_in_France" title="1874 in France">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_in_France" title="1875 in France">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_in_France" title="1876 in France">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_in_France" title="1877 in France">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_in_France" title="1878 in France">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_in_France" title="1879 in France">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_in_France" title="1880 in France">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_in_France" title="1881 in France">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882_in_France" title="1882 in France">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_in_France" title="1883 in France">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_in_France" title="1884 in France">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_in_France" title="1885 in France">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_in_France" title="1886 in France">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_in_France" title="1887 in France">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_in_France" title="1888 in France">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1889_in_France" title="1889 in France">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_in_France" title="1890 in France">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_in_France" title="1891 in France">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_in_France" title="1892 in France">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_France" title="1893 in France">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_in_France" title="1894 in France">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_in_France" title="1895 in France">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_in_France" title="1896 in France">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_in_France" title="1897 in France">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_in_France" title="1898 in France">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_France" title="1899 in France">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_France" title="1900 in France">1900</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_in_France" title="1901 in France">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_in_France" title="1902 in France">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_in_France" title="1903 in France">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_in_France" title="1904 in France">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_in_France" title="1905 in France">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_in_France" title="1906 in France">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_in_France" title="1907 in France">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_in_France" title="1908 in France">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_in_France" title="1909 in France">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_in_France" title="1910 in France">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_in_France" title="1911 in France">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_in_France" title="1912 in France">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_France" title="1913 in France">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_France" title="1914 in France">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_in_France" title="1915 in France">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_in_France" title="1916 in France">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_in_France" title="1917 in France">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_in_France" title="1918 in France">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_in_France" title="1919 in France">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_in_France" title="1920 in France">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_in_France" title="1921 in France">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_in_France" title="1922 in France">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_in_France" title="1923 in France">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_in_France" title="1924 in France">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_in_France" title="1925 in France">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_in_France" title="1926 in France">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_in_France" title="1927 in France">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_in_France" title="1928 in France">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_in_France" title="1929 in France">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_in_France" title="1930 in France">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_France" title="1931 in France">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_in_France" title="1932 in France">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_in_France" title="1933 in France">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_in_France" title="1934 in France">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_in_France" title="1935 in France">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_in_France" title="1936 in France">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_in_France" title="1937 in France">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_France" title="1938 in France">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_in_France" title="1939 in France">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_in_France" title="1940 in France">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_in_France" title="1941 in France">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_France" title="1942 in France">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_in_France" title="1943 in France">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_France" title="1944 in France">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_in_France" title="1945 in France">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_in_France" title="1946 in France">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_in_France" title="1947 in France">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_France" title="1948 in France">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_in_France" title="1949 in France">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_in_France" title="1950 in France">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_in_France" title="1951 in France">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_in_France" title="1952 in France">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_in_France" title="1953 in France">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_in_France" title="1954 in France">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_in_France" title="1955 in France">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_in_France" title="1956 in France">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_in_France" title="1957 in France">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_in_France" title="1958 in France">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_in_France" title="1959 in France">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_in_France" title="1960 in France">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_in_France" title="1961 in France">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_in_France" title="1962 in France">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_in_France" title="1963 in France">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_in_France" title="1964 in France">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_in_France" title="1965 in France">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_in_France" title="1966 in France">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_in_France" title="1967 in France">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_in_France" title="1968 in France">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_in_France" title="1969 in France">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_France" title="1970 in France">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_France" title="1971 in France">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_France" title="1972 in France">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_France" title="1973 in France">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_France" title="1974 in France">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_France" title="1975 in France">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_France" title="1976 in France">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_in_France" title="1977 in France">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_France" title="1978 in France">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_France" title="1979 in France">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_France" title="1980 in France">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_France" title="1981 in France">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_France" title="1982 in France">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_France" title="1983 in France">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_France" title="1984 in France">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_France" title="1985 in France">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_France" title="1986 in France">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_France" title="1987 in France">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_France" title="1988 in France">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_France" title="1989 in France">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_France" title="1990 in France">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_France" title="1991 in France">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_France" title="1992 in France">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_France" title="1993 in France">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_France" title="1994 in France">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_France" title="1995 in France">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_France" title="1996 in France">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_France" title="1997 in France">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_France" title="1998 in France">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_France" title="1999 in France">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_France" title="2000 in France">2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_France" title="2001 in France">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_France" title="2002 in France">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_France" title="2003 in France">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_France" title="2004 in France">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_France" title="2005 in France">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_France" title="2006 in France">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_France" title="2007 in France">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_France" title="2008 in France">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_France" title="2009 in France">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_France" title="2010 in France">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_France" title="2011 in France">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_France" title="2012 in France">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_France" title="2013 in France">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_France" title="2014 in France">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_France" title="2015 in France">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_France" title="2016 in France">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_France" title="2017 in France">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_France" title="2018 in France">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_France" title="2019 in France">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_France" title="2020 in France">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_France" title="2021 in France">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_France" title="2022 in France">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_France" title="2023 in France">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_France" title="2024 in France">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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