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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Climate and geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_and_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viticulture_and_winemaking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viticulture_and_winemaking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Viticulture and winemaking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viticulture_and_winemaking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grapes_and_the_Wine_made_in_Collioure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grapes_and_the_Wine_made_in_Collioure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grapes and the Wine made in Collioure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grapes_and_the_Wine_made_in_Collioure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Collioure_AOC&params=42_31_36_N_3_04_53_E_region:FR-66_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-cawiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°31′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°04′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.52667°N 3.08139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.52667; 3.08139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collioure_(AOC)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Collioure (AOC)">Collioure (AOC)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French wine area</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Coulure" title="Coulure">Coulure</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collioure_AOC_within_Banyuls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Collioure_AOC_within_Banyuls.jpg/370px-Collioure_AOC_within_Banyuls.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Collioure_AOC_within_Banyuls.jpg/555px-Collioure_AOC_within_Banyuls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Collioure_AOC_within_Banyuls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>The commune of Collioure <i>(highlighted in green)</i> within the Banyuls AOC in the Roussillon wine region of France.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Collioure</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kɔljuʁ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f2\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Collioure.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Collioure.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Collioure.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Collioure.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Collioure.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Fabricio_Cardenas_(Culex)-Collioure.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Collioure.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27Origine_Contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée">Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée</a> (AOC) for <a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">French wines</a> situated around the town of <a href="/wiki/Collioure" title="Collioure">Collioure</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a> wine region of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. Red, <a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9" title="Rosé">rosé</a> and a few white wines are produced-the reds from <a href="/wiki/Grenache_noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenache noir">Grenache noir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mourv%C3%A8dre" title="Mourvèdre">Mourvèdre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carignan" title="Carignan">Carignan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinsaut" title="Cinsaut">Cinsaut</a> grapes; the white are made from a blend of <a href="/wiki/Grenache_blanc" title="Grenache blanc">Grenache blanc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grenache_gris" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenache gris">Grenache gris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders_pg_55_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders_pg_55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boundaries of the AOC are identical with the <a href="/wiki/Banyuls_AOC" title="Banyuls AOC">Banyuls AOC</a> as many of the grapes grown in Collioure are destined for use in the <a href="/wiki/Fortified_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified (wine)">fortified</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Vins_doux_naturels" class="mw-redirect" title="Vins doux naturels">Vins doux naturels</a></i> of the region. The grapes that do not get used for Banyuls are then produced as non-fortified still wines under the Collioure AOC.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_188_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collioure_AOC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collioure,_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Collioure%2C_France.jpg/250px-Collioure%2C_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Collioure%2C_France.jpg/375px-Collioure%2C_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Collioure%2C_France.jpg/500px-Collioure%2C_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>The seaside port of Collioure.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a> was likely introduced to the area soon after the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks (wine)">ancient Greeks</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Languedoc_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Languedoc (wine)">Languedoc</a> area in the 6th century BC. Under the <a href="/wiki/Romans_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans (wine)">Romans</a>, viticulture spread throughout the area with the nearby cities of <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> being major centers for the trade of <a href="/wiki/Roussillon_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Roussillon wine">Roussillon wine</a> from areas like Collioure.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_213-221_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_213-221-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a large part of its history, the region has been under <a href="/wiki/Spanish_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish (people)">Spanish</a> rule and was even a part of the <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> region until the mid-17th century. Like other Roussillon wine regions, this Spanish influence can be seen in the types of wines produced here.<sup id="cite_ref-MacNeil_pg_294-299_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacNeil_pg_294-299-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even today, wine experts such as <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Johnson_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Johnson (wine)">Hugh Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jancis_Robinson" title="Jancis Robinson">Jancis Robinson</a> describe the wines of Collioure as being more like <a href="/wiki/Spanish_wines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish wines">Spanish wines</a> in profile than <a href="/wiki/French_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="French (wine)">French</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_atlas_pg_142_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_atlas_pg_142-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The history of the Collioure region has been closely linked to the wines of Banyuls. For centuries, grapes produced in this region were used to produce the fortified wine that gained an international reputation. It wasn't until 1971 that the region gained its own identity with an AOC established for the production of non-fortified red wines.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_pg_329_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine_pg_329-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate_and_geography">Climate and geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collioure_AOC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate and geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vineyards_in_Banyuls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vineyards_in_Banyuls.jpg/220px-Vineyards_in_Banyuls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vineyards_in_Banyuls.jpg/330px-Vineyards_in_Banyuls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vineyards_in_Banyuls.jpg/440px-Vineyards_in_Banyuls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The vineyard soils in the Banyuls and Collioure zones vary from more alluvial soils near the coast to more schist-based soils in the foothills of the Pyrenees.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Collioure wine region is located along the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> coast in the Roussillon district, extending from the coast up to the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> which separates the area from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_wine_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish wine region">Spanish wine region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catalonia_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalonia (wine)">Catalonia</a> across the border.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_188_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the mountains and the sea have strong influences on the region's distinctly <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean climate (wine)">Mediterranean climate</a>. During the summer <a href="/wiki/Growing_season" title="Growing season">growing season</a>, temperatures are very warm and dry with the potential for drought. In the evening, cool winds from the mountains descend over the vineyards and this can help moderate temperatures for the vines.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_213-221_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_213-221-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vineyard_soils" class="mw-redirect" title="Vineyard soils">Vineyard soils</a> in the area range from <a href="/wiki/Alluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial">alluvial</a> soils near the sea and rivers to more <a href="/wiki/Gravel" title="Gravel">gravel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schist</a> based soils closer to the foothills of the Pyrenees. The soil types will affect the resulting style of wine with the more schist-based soils on the higher slopes of the foothills producing more intense, <a href="/wiki/Body_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Body (wine)">full bodied</a> wines while the more alluvial soils closer to the sea will produce lighter styles of wine.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_213-221_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_213-221-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viticulture_and_winemaking">Viticulture and winemaking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collioure_AOC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Viticulture and winemaking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ampolles_de_Banyuls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ampolles_de_Banyuls.jpg/220px-Ampolles_de_Banyuls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ampolles_de_Banyuls.jpg/330px-Ampolles_de_Banyuls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ampolles_de_Banyuls.jpg/440px-Ampolles_de_Banyuls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Grapes from Collioure are often used in the production of the fortified wine Banyuls.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many producers in Collioure also produce wines under the Banyuls label, which tends to have more prestige and fetch a higher price on the international wine market. The nature of the <a href="/wiki/Vintage" title="Vintage">vintage</a> will usually determine what percentage of Collioure grapes are used for Banyuls and what percentage will remain Collioure. When grapes are destined to become Collioure they are usually <a href="/wiki/Harvested_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvested (wine)">harvested</a> a couple of weeks earlier than the grapes that are destined to be fortified. This is because the warm climate of the region causes <a href="/wiki/Grape_sugars" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape sugars">grape sugars</a> to rise as <a href="/wiki/Acids_in_the_grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Acids in the grapes">acids in the grapes</a> drastically fall. While fortified wines value the high percentage of <a href="/wiki/Residual_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Residual sugar">residual sugar</a> from very ripe grapes, non-fortified wines need more of the <a href="/wiki/Balance_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance (wine)">balance</a> from the remaining acids. Often, though, winemakers will still need to add additional acids such as <a href="/wiki/Tartaric_acid" title="Tartaric acid">tartaric acid</a> in a process known as acidification. In a typical vintage about one-third of the grapes harvested in the region will be used for Collioure AOC labeled wines.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_188_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grapevines in Collioure are <a href="/wiki/Vine_training" title="Vine training">trained</a> as "bush vines" which, along with their age, contributes to the very low <a href="/wiki/Yields_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yields (wine)">yields</a> of Collioure. In fact, the yields from this area are often among the lowest in France - often lower than the AOC maximum of 2.3 tones per acre (40 hectoliters per hectare). Wines produced in Collioure also must not rise above a maximum <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol level">alcohol level</a> of 15% (min 12% for red, 11.5% for <i>rose</i> and whites<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders_pg_55_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders_pg_55-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)and residual sugar level of 5 grams per liter. This low sugar levels means that all wines from Collioure are technically <a href="/wiki/Dry_wines" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry wines">dry wines</a> but wine drinkers they may perceive "sweetness" due to the very high levels of <a href="/wiki/Ripeness_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripeness (wine)">ripeness</a> the grapes attain in the warm climate of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_188_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_213-221_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_213-221-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grapes_and_the_Wine_made_in_Collioure">Grapes and the Wine made in Collioure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collioure_AOC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Grapes and the Wine made in Collioure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenache_grapes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Grenache_grapes.jpg/220px-Grenache_grapes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Grenache_grapes.jpg/330px-Grenache_grapes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Grenache_grapes.jpg/440px-Grenache_grapes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Grenache is one of the principle grapes grown in the Collioure AOC.</figcaption></figure> <p>The primary grapes of the Collioure AOC are Grenache, Syrah and Mourvedre with Carignan and Cinsaut playing minor roles. The Mourvedre planted in Collioure is used almost exclusively for still wine production and is very rarely used in the production of Banyuls.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_188_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>rose</i> is produced mainly from the red wine grapes that have received very brief skin contact and <a href="/wiki/Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">maceration</a> time or it maybe produced from a <i><a href="/wiki/Saign%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Saignée">saignée</a></i> method where some wine is "bleed off" from the <a href="/wiki/Fermenting_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermenting (wine)">fermenting</a> vats of red wines before much of the <a href="/wiki/Color_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Color (wine)">color</a> inducing <a href="/wiki/Phenolic_compounds_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenolic compounds (wine)">phenolic compounds</a> have taken hold. This method produces a more intensely flavored and darker colored red wine while at the same time producing a high quality <i>rose</i>. The whites are usually made from Grenache blanc. The red wines of the region are characterized by their rich, full bodied flavors with <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spice</a> <a href="/wiki/Aroma_notes_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aroma notes (wine)">aroma notes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_213-221_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_213-221-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2008, there were an estimated 815 acres (330 hectares) of vineyards planted in the boundaries of the Collioure AOC.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_pg_329_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine_pg_329-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, the <i>encépagement</i> (or permitted grape components of the AOC wine) was changed which included permitting an AOC white wine for the first time. Today wines labeled Collioure AOC must contain at least a 60% blend of Grenache, Syrah and Mourvedre with no individual <a href="/wiki/Grape_variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape variety">grape variety</a> permitted to exceed 90% of the total blend. Cinsault and Carignan are allowed to up to a maximum of 30%. Prior to the 2002 AOC change, white wines produced from grapes grown in the Collioure region had to be sold as a <i><a href="/wiki/Vin_de_Pays" class="mw-redirect" title="Vin de Pays">vin de Pays</a></i>. Today the AOC white blend must contain a minimum of 70% blend of Grenache blanc and Grenache gris with <a href="/wiki/Macabeo" title="Macabeo">Macabeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malvoisie" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvoisie">Malvoisie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsanne" title="Marsanne">Marsanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roussanne" title="Roussanne">Roussanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vermentino" title="Vermentino">Vermentino</a> permitted to round out the remaining portion of the blend - though each of those grape varieties can not individually exceed 15%.<sup id="cite_ref-Sotheby_pg_237_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sotheby_pg_237-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the years, the quality of wines produced in the Collioure AOC has steadily increased. Wine experts, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andre_Domine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andre Domine (page does not exist)">Andre Domine</a> point to the 1982 <i>encépagement</i> change that permitted the use of Syrah and Mourvedre as a turning point. Modern winemaking techniques have also introduced temperature-controlled fermentation and increased the usage of <a href="/wiki/Oak_barrels" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak barrels">oak barrels</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Aging_of_wine" title="Aging of wine">aging of wine</a>. The most well made reds of Collioure are described as having polished (or "soft") tannins, a full bodied and deep dark color with spicy aroma and flavor notes. The <i>roses</i> of the region can be very aromatic and usually have a raspberry color. They are traditionally <a href="/wiki/Paired_with_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paired with (wine)">paired with</a> the local <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_pg_329_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine_pg_329-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whites can have a golden color and be very full bodied. They are usually consumed within 3 years of harvest.<sup id="cite_ref-Sotheby_pg_237_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sotheby_pg_237-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collioure_AOC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_appellations_in_Languedoc-Roussillon" title="List of appellations in Languedoc-Roussillon">List of appellations in Languedoc-Roussillon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collioure_AOC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Saunders_pg_55-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders_pg_55_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders_pg_55_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Saunders <i>Wine Label Language</i> pg 55 Firefly Books 2004 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55297-720-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-55297-720-X">1-55297-720-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_pg_188-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_188_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_188_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_188_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_188_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_188_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Robinson (ed) <i>"The Oxford Companion to Wine"</i> Third Edition pg 188 Oxford University Press 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860990-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860990-6">0-19-860990-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dummies_pg_213-221-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_213-221_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_213-221_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_213-221_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_213-221_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_213-221_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. McCarthy & M. Ewing-Mulligan <i>"French Wine for Dummies"</i> pg 213-221 Wiley Publishing 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-5354-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-5354-2">0-7645-5354-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacNeil_pg_294-299-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacNeil_pg_294-299_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. MacNeil <i>The Wine Bible</i> pg 294-299 Workman Publishing 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56305-434-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56305-434-5">1-56305-434-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson_atlas_pg_142-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_atlas_pg_142_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Johnson & J. Robinson <i>The World Atlas of Wine</i> pg 142 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84000-332-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84000-332-4">1-84000-332-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wine_pg_329-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wine_pg_329_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wine_pg_329_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wine_pg_329_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Domine (ed) <i>Wine</i> pg 329 Ullmann Publishing 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8331-4611-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8331-4611-4">978-3-8331-4611-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sotheby_pg_237-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sotheby_pg_237_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sotheby_pg_237_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Stevenson <i>"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"</i> pg 237 Dorling Kindersley 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7566-1324-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7566-1324-8">0-7566-1324-8</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Collioure_AOC&params=42_31_36_N_3_04_53_E_region:FR-66_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-cawiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°31′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°04′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.52667°N 3.08139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.52667; 3.08139</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collioure_AOC&oldid=1260178015">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collioure_AOC&oldid=1260178015</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languedoc-Roussillon_wine_AOCs" title="Category:Languedoc-Roussillon wine AOCs">Languedoc-Roussillon wine AOCs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roussillon_wine_AOCs" title="Category:Roussillon wine AOCs">Roussillon wine AOCs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Banyuls-sur-Mer" title="Category:Banyuls-sur-Mer">Banyuls-sur-Mer</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 November 2024, at 08:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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