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British and Foreign Unitarian Association - Wikipedia

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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Unitarianism" title="History of Unitarianism">History of Unitarianism</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">British and Foreign Unitarian Association</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">BFUA; the Unitarians</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">26 May 1825 as an amalgamation of the Unitarian Book Society for literature, The Unitarian Fund for mission work, and the Unitarian Association for civil rights</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">1928 by becoming part of the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Unitarian_and_Free_Christian_Churches" title="General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches">General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Religious_organization" title="Religious organization">religious organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>United Kingdom</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>British and Foreign Unitarian Association</b> was the major <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> body in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> from 1825. The BFUA was founded as an amalgamation of three older societies: the Unitarian Book Society for literature (1791), The Unitarian Fund for mission work (1806), and the Unitarian Association for civil rights (1818 or 1819). Its offices were shared with the Sunday School Association at Essex Street, on the site of England's first Unitarian church. In 1928 the BFUA became part of the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Unitarian_and_Free_Christian_Churches" title="General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches">General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches</a>, still the <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella organisation">umbrella organisation</a> for British Unitarianism, which has its headquarters, <a href="/wiki/Essex_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Essex Hall">Essex Hall</a>, in the same place in <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">central London</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dates">Dates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Dates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British and Foreign Unitarian Association was founded on 26 May 1825, at a meeting chaired by Thomas Gibson, father of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Field_Gibson" title="Thomas Field Gibson">Thomas Field Gibson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This was the same day as the <a href="/wiki/American_Unitarian_Association" title="American Unitarian Association">American Unitarian Association</a> was formed. (The AUA is one of two bodies that merged in 1961 to form the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a>.) <i>The History of Essex Hall</i>, written in 1959 by Mortimer Rowe, the Secretary (i.e. chief executive) of the General Assembly for its first twenty years, claims this was entirely coincidental.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publishing">Publishing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Publishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the impetus of <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Lindsey" title="Theophilus Lindsey">Theophilus Lindsey</a>, the first minister of the <a href="/wiki/Essex_Street_Chapel" title="Essex Street Chapel">Essex Street Chapel</a>, and his colleague <a href="/wiki/John_Disney_(Unitarian)" title="John Disney (Unitarian)">John Disney</a>, in 1791 the "first organized denominational Unitarian society" was formed, with the cumbersome name of The Unitarian Society for promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue by the Distribution of Books.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest notable publication was <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Belsham" title="Thomas Belsham">Thomas Belsham</a>'s <i>The New Testament in an Improved Version Upon the Basis of Archbishop Newcome's New Translation</i> (1808), which was continued by the British and Foreign Unitarian Association. At the end of 1826 the Association acquired the <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Repository" title="Monthly Repository">Monthly Repository</a></i> magazine, formerly edited by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aspland" title="Robert Aspland">Robert Aspland</a>. The Association contracted the French historian <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Bonet-Maury" title="Gaston Bonet-Maury">Gaston Bonet-Maury</a> to write a history of <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">French radical Protestantism</a>. </p><p>In March 1876 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Spears_(minister)" title="Robert Spears (minister)">Robert Spears</a> resigned from the Association in objection to proposals to publish the works of <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Parker" title="Theodore Parker">Theodore Parker</a>. Spears started the <i>Christian Life</i> as a rival magazine to the London <i>Inquirer</i>, becoming the voice of conservative late <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Unitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Unitarianism">Biblical Unitarianism</a> with <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sharpe_(scholar)" title="Samuel Sharpe (scholar)">Samuel Sharpe</a>, till the two publications were merged in July 1929, and ran for a short time as <i>The Inquirer and Christian Life</i>. Another magazine, the <b>Unitarian Herald</b>, ran from 1861 to 1889. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_work">Mission work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Mission work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Unitarian Fund "for the Promotion of Unitarianism by means of Popular Preaching" was founded in 1806, largely by laypeople. It gave money to congregations that needed it<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and employed <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(Unitarian)" title="Richard Wright (Unitarian)">Richard Wright</a> as an itinerant missionary. Foreign Secretaries of the Association included Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Bowring" title="John Bowring">John Bowring</a>, till 1832, then <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tagart" title="Edward Tagart">Edward Tagart</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_rights">Civil rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Civil rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It took about 150 years from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Ejection" title="Great Ejection">Great Ejection</a> of 1662 to the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_the_Trinity_Act_1813" title="Doctrine of the Trinity Act 1813">Doctrine of the Trinity Act 1813</a>, which granted toleration for Unitarian worship; the so-called <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Toleration_1689" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Toleration 1689">Act of Toleration 1689</a> had only worked to the favour of those <a href="/wiki/English_Dissenters" title="English Dissenters">Protestant dissenters</a> who accepted the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This victory for Unitarians—largely pushed forward in Parliament by <a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(abolitionist)" title="William Smith (abolitionist)">William Smith</a>, and thus known sometimes under his name, or as the <i>Unitarian Relief Act (Trinity Act)</i> or <i>The Unitarian Toleration Bill</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>—did not grant them full <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> while the oppressive <a href="/wiki/Corporation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporation Act">Corporation Act</a> and <a href="/wiki/Test_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Act">Test Act</a> remained. The Association for the Protection of the Civil Rights of Unitarians was established in 1819.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People_associated_with_it">People associated with it</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: People associated with it"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents_and_chairmen_of_annual_meeting">Presidents and chairmen of annual meeting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Presidents and chairmen of annual meeting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1829 Thomas Gibson, father of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Field_Gibson" title="Thomas Field Gibson">Thomas Field Gibson</a> (also 1844 and 1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashton_Yates" title="John Ashton Yates">John Ashton Yates</a>, also 1856<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1850 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Field_Gibson" title="Thomas Field Gibson">Thomas Field Gibson</a></li> <li>1869–70 <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sharpe_(scholar)" title="Samuel Sharpe (scholar)">Samuel Sharpe</a></li> <li>1898-99 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herford_Brook&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herford Brook (page does not exist)">Herford Brook</a> (1830–1903)</li> <li>1918 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Durning_Holt" title="Richard Durning Holt">Richard Durning Holt</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1921 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sydney_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Sydney Jones">Charles Sydney Jones</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secretaries">Secretaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Secretaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1834 <a href="/wiki/James_Yates_(Unitarian)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Yates (Unitarian)">James Yates</a> (1789–1871)</li> <li>1835-1842 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aspland" title="Robert Aspland">Robert Aspland</a></li> <li>1842-1858 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tagart" title="Edward Tagart">Edward Tagart</a> (1804–1858)</li> <li>1859-1868 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brook_Aspland" title="Robert Brook Aspland">Robert Brook Aspland</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aspland" title="Robert Aspland">Robert Aspland</a></li> <li>1869-1876 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Spears_(minister)" title="Robert Spears (minister)">Robert Spears</a></li> <li>1892-1921 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Copeland_Bowie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Copeland Bowie (page does not exist)">William Copeland Bowie</a> (1855–1936)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bache" title="Samuel Bache">Samuel Bache</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uudb.org/articles/thomasgibson.html">"Thomas Gibson &amp; Thomas Field Gibson"</a>. <i>Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Unitarian+and+Universalist+Biography&amp;rft.atitle=Thomas+Gibson+%26+Thomas+Field+Gibson&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuudb.org%2Farticles%2Fthomasgibson.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+and+Foreign+Unitarian+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFRowe1959">Rowe 1959</a>, chpt. 3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"By a happy coincidence, in those days of slow posts, no transatlantic telegraph, telephone or wireless, our American cousins, in complete ignorance as to the details of what was afoot, though moving towards a similar goal, founded the American Unitarian Association on precisely the same day - May 26, 1825."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFRowe1959">Rowe 1959</a>, chpt. 3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFRowe1959">Rowe 1959</a>, chpt. 3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dudley Julius Medley, <i>A Student's Manual of English Constitutional History. Sixth Edition</i> (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1925), p. 653.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maclear J.F. <i>Church and state in the modern age: a documentary history</i> 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFRowe1959">Rowe 1959</a>, chpt. 3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBebbington2009" class="citation journal cs1">Bebbington, D. W. (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729161200/https://www.unitarianhistory.org.uk/Unitarian%20Members%20of%20Parliament%20in%20the%20Nineteenth%20Century.pdf">"Unitarian Members of Parliament in the Nineteenth Century&#160;— A Catalogue"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Transactions of the Unitarian Historical Society</i>. <b>24</b> (3): 54. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unitarianhistory.org.uk/Unitarian%20Members%20of%20Parliament%20in%20the%20Nineteenth%20Century.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Unitarian+Historical+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Unitarian+Members+of+Parliament+in+the+Nineteenth+Century+%E2%80%94+A+Catalogue&amp;rft.volume=24&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=54&amp;rft.date=2009-04&amp;rft.aulast=Bebbington&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+W.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unitarianhistory.org.uk%2FUnitarian%2520Members%2520of%2520Parliament%2520in%2520the%2520Nineteenth%2520Century.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+and+Foreign+Unitarian+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead2004" class="citation web cs1">Read, J. Gordon (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/47428">"Holt, Alfred (1829–1911), engineer and shipowner"</a>. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Holt%2C+Alfred+%281829%E2%80%931911%29%2C+engineer+and+shipowner&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.aulast=Read&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+Gordon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F47428&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+and+Foreign+Unitarian+Association" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowe1959" class="citation cs2">Rowe, Mortimer (1959), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120116153833/http://www.unitarian.org.uk/support/doc-EssexHall0.shtml"><i>The History of Essex Hall</i></a>, Lindsey Press, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unitarian.org.uk/support/doc-EssexHall0.shtml">the original</a> on 2012-01-16</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+of+Essex+Hall&amp;rft.pub=Lindsey+Press&amp;rft.date=1959&amp;rft.aulast=Rowe&amp;rft.aufirst=Mortimer&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unitarian.org.uk%2Fsupport%2Fdoc-EssexHall0.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+and+Foreign+Unitarian+Association" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.parliament.uk/collections/getrecord/GB61_UAM">UK Parliamentary Papers, The Unitarian Association Marriage Law Petitioning Papers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_and_Foreign_Unitarian_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Liberty and Religion</i>, by Dr. S. H. Mellon. A centenary history of the BFUA, published 1925.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_topics" title="Template:Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_topics" title="Template talk:Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Universalist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalist</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organizations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Unitarians_and_Universalists" title="International Council of Unitarians and Universalists">ICUU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;">Members:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Australia and New Zealand</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Australia_and_New_Zealand_Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Australia and New Zealand Unitarian Universalist Association">ANZUUA</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Canada</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Unitarian_Council" title="Canadian Unitarian Council">CUC</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Coming_of_Age_(Unitarian_Universalism)" title="Coming of Age (Unitarian Universalism)">COA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Unitarians_for_Social_Justice" title="Canadian Unitarians for Social Justice">CUSJ</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Unitarian_Universalist_Women%27s_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Unitarian Universalist Women&#39;s Association">CUUWA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Whole_Lives" title="Our Whole Lives">OWL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/USC_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="USC Canada">USCC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Young_Religious_Unitarian_Universalists" title="Young Religious Unitarian Universalists">YRUU</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Denmark</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarisk_Kirkesamfund" title="Unitarisk Kirkesamfund">UK</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Europe</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/European_Unitarian_Universalists" title="European Unitarian Universalists">EUU</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Germany</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Unitarier_Religionsgemeinschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Unitarier Religionsgemeinschaft">DUR</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Netherlands</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vrijzinnige_Geloofsgemeenschap_NPB" title="Vrijzinnige Geloofsgemeenschap NPB">VGNPB</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Romania</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Church_of_Transylvania" title="Unitarian Church of Transylvania">UCT</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">United Kingdom</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Unitarian_and_Free_Christian_Churches" title="General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches">GAUFCC</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Christian_Association" title="Unitarian Christian Association">UCA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_College,_Manchester" title="Unitarian College, Manchester">UCM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Earth_Spirit_Network" title="Unitarian Earth Spirit Network">UESN</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">United States</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">UUA</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_(Unitarian_Universalist_Association)" title="General Assembly (Unitarian Universalist Association)">GA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_the_Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Districts of the Unitarian Universalist Association">Districts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Press" title="Beacon Press">BP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Larger_Fellowship" title="Church of the Larger Fellowship">CLF</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_Unitarian_Universalist_Pagans" title="Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans">CUUPS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meadville_Lombard_Theological_School" title="Meadville Lombard Theological School">MLTS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skinner_House_Books" title="Skinner House Books">SHB</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Starr_King_School_for_the_Ministry" title="Starr King School for the Ministry">SKSM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Buddhist_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitarian Universalist Buddhist Fellowship">UUBF</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Christian_Fellowship" title="Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship">UUCF</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalists_for_Polyamory_Awareness" title="Unitarian Universalists for Polyamory Awareness">UUPA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Service_Committee" title="Unitarian Universalist Service Committee">UUSC</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;">Reorganizing groups:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Religious_Society_of_Spain" title="Unitarian Universalist Religious Society of Spain">SUUE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;">Associates:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Unitarian_Church" title="Norwegian Unitarian Church">NUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: transparent;">In contact:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Iceland: within the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Iceland" title="Church of Iceland">Church of Iceland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">United States</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism#UCC_USA" title="Unitarianism">UCC USA</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Worldwide</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism#Biblical_Unitarian_Movement" title="Unitarianism">BUM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_Universalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarian Universalism">TU</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Canada and United States</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/American_Unitarian_Association" title="American Unitarian Association">AUA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Religious_Youth" title="Liberal Religious Youth">LRY</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Young_People%27s_Religious_Union" title="Young People&#39;s Religious Union">YPRU</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Universalist_Church_of_America" title="Universalist Church of America">UCA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crane_Theological_School" title="Crane Theological School">CTS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Religious_Youth" title="Liberal Religious Youth">LRY</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theological_School_of_St._Lawrence_University" title="Theological School of St. Lawrence University">TSSLU</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Young_People%27s_Christian_Union" title="Young People&#39;s Christian Union">YPCU</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism#UCMI_/_UCEC" title="Unitarianism">UCMI / UCEC</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">United Kingdom</span></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BFUA</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Youth_ministry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Youth_ministry#Unitarian_Universalism" title="Youth ministry">Youth ministry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Canada and United States</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coming_of_Age_(Unitarian_Universalism)" title="Coming of Age (Unitarian Universalism)">COA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Whole_Lives" title="Our Whole Lives">OWL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Young_Religious_Unitarian_Universalists" title="Young Religious Unitarian Universalists">YRUU</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Canada and United States</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/About_Your_Sexuality" title="About Your Sexuality">AYS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Religious_Youth" title="Liberal Religious Youth">LRY</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Young_People%27s_Christian_Union" title="Young People&#39;s Christian Union">YPCU</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Young_People%27s_Religious_Union" title="Young People&#39;s Religious Union">YPRU</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Canada and United States</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coming_of_Age_(Unitarian_Universalism)" title="Coming of Age (Unitarian Universalism)">COA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meadville_Lombard_Theological_School" title="Meadville Lombard Theological School">MLTS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Whole_Lives" title="Our Whole Lives">OWL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Starr_King_School_for_the_Ministry" title="Starr King School for the Ministry">SKSM</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Canada and United States</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/About_Your_Sexuality" title="About Your Sexuality">AYS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crane_Theological_School" title="Crane Theological School">CTS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theological_School_of_St._Lawrence_University" title="Theological School of St. Lawrence University">TSSLU</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Doctrine_and_ritual" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Doctrine and ritual</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_unitarianism" title="Biblical unitarianism">Biblical unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_reconciliation" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal reconciliation">Universal reconciliation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Christians_(Britain)" title="Free Christians (Britain)">Free Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Liberal religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_humanism" title="Religious humanism">Religious humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English-language_hymnals_by_denomination#Unitarian.2C_Universalist.2C_and_Unitarian_Universalist" title="List of English-language hymnals by denomination">List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist hymnals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_chalice" title="Flaming chalice">Flaming chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_Communion" title="Flower Communion">Flower Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Communion" title="Water Communion">Water Communion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="See_also" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">See also</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_universalists" title="List of Christian universalists">List of Christian universalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unitarians,_Universalists,_and_Unitarian_Universalists" title="List of Unitarians, Universalists, and Unitarian Universalists">List of Unitarians, Universalists, and Unitarian Universalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_churches" title="List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches">List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unitarian_martyrs" title="List of Unitarian martyrs">List of Unitarian martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Unitarianism" title="History of Unitarianism">History of Unitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism_and_LGBTQ_people" title="Unitarian Universalism and LGBTQ people">Unitarian Universalism and LGBTQ people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View 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Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years&#39; War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah&#39;s Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity&#32;portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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