CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="arz" dir="rtl"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>الحايزين على جايزة نوبل من جامعة كولومبيا الامريكيه - ويكيبيديا</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )arzwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".\t,",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":[ "0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9","0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","يناير","فبراير","مارس","ابريل","مايو","يونيه","يوليه","اغسطس","سبتمبر","اكتوبر","نوفمبر","ديسمبر"],"wgRequestId":"ed3a8c8a-ffbf-402b-bdd4-f303a521e442","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"الحايزين_على_جايزة_نوبل_من_جامعة_كولومبيا_الامريكيه","wgTitle":"الحايزين على جايزة نوبل من جامعة كولومبيا الامريكيه","wgCurRevisionId":10660212,"wgRevisionId":10660212,"wgArticleId":2182308,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["صفحات فيها لينكات لملفات بايظه","Pages using the JsonConfig extension","صفحات بها أخطاء في البرنامج النصي","جايزة نوبل", "الاستشهاد بمصادر باللغة الإنجليزية الأمريكية (en-us)","الاستشهاد بمصادر باللغة الإنجليزية (en)","صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"arz","wgPageContentLanguage":"arz","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"الحايزين_على_جايزة_نوبل_من_جامعة_كولومبيا_الامريكيه","wgRelevantArticleId":2182308,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"arz","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"arz"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false, "wgWMEPageLength":70000,"ScribuntoErrors":{"223211cf":true},"ScribuntoErrors-223211cf": "\u003Cp\u003Eخطأ لوا في وحدة:Citation/CS1/Identifiers على السطر 558: attempt to index field 'extended_registrants_t' (a nil value).\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003Eالمصحح:\u003C/p\u003E\u003Col class=\"scribunto-trace\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9:Citation/CS1/Identifiers\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l558\"\u003Eوحدة:Citation/CS1/Identifiers:558\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: في الوظيفة \"is_extended_free\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9:Citation/CS1/Identifiers\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l624\"\u003Eوحدة:Citation/CS1/Identifiers:624\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: في الوظيفة \"?\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9:Citation/CS1/Identifiers\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1640\"\u003Eوحدة:Citation/CS1/Identifiers:1640\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: في الوظيفة \"build_id_list\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9:Citation/CS1/Identifiers\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1696\"\u003Eوحدة:Citation/CS1/Identifiers:1696\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: في الوظيفة \"identifier_lists_get\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9:Citation/CS1\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l3289\"\u003Eوحدة:Citation/CS1:3289\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: في الوظيفة \"citation0\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9:Citation/CS1\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l4501\"\u003Eوحدة:Citation/CS1:4501\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: في الوظيفة \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ol\u003E" ,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q51738882","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript": "ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.errors","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=arz&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=arz&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=arz&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg/1200px-Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="797"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg/800px-Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="532"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg/640px-Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="425"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="الحايزين على جايزة نوبل من جامعة كولومبيا الامريكيه - ويكيبيديا"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//arz.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="تعديل" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ويكيبيديا (arz)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//arz.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.arz"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ويكيبيديا Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-الحايزين_على_جايزة_نوبل_من_جامعة_كولومبيا_الامريكيه rootpage-الحايزين_على_جايزة_نوبل_من_جامعة_كولومبيا_الامريكيه skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">انتقل إلى المحتوى</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="الموقع"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="القائمة الرئيسية" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > القائمة الرئيسية </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">القائمة الرئيسية</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">أخف</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> استكشاف </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="زور الصفحه الرئيسيه [z]" accesskey="z">الصفحه الرئيسيه</a></li><li id="n-portalcategory" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA">بوابات ويكيبيديا مصرى</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ليستة التعديلات الاخرانيه فى الويكى [r]" accesskey="r">اخر التعديلات</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89" title="لوّد صفحه عشوائيه [x]" accesskey="x">صفحة عشوائيه</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="لو محتاج مساعده بص هنا">مساعده</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-contacting" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-contacting" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> تواصل </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%87">صالون المناقشه</a></li><li id="n-manualofstyle" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87">طريقة الكتابه</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB_%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%89" title="شوف معلومات على الاحداث اللى بتحصل دلوقتى">احداث دلوقتى</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ويكيبيديا" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" style="width: 7.125em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-arz.svg" width="66" height="11" style="width: 4.125em; height: 0.6875em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="دور فى ويكيبيديا [f]" accesskey="f"> تدوير </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="تدوير ويكيبيديا" aria-label="تدوير ويكيبيديا" autocapitalize="sentences" title="دور فى ويكيبيديا [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="خاص:تدوير"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">تدوير</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ادوات شخصيه"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="المظهر"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="تغيير مظهر الصفحة، حجم الخط، العرض واللون" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="المظهر" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > المظهر </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_arz.wikipedia.org&uselang=arz" class="">التبرعات</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="نشجعك على عمل حساب وتسجيل دخولك; لكنه مش ضروري" class="">افتح حساب</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="يستحسن تسجل دخولك; لكن, ده مش اجبارى [o]" accesskey="o" class="">دخول</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="المزيد من الخيارات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ادوات شخصيه" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > ادوات شخصيه </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="قائمة المستخدم" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_arz.wikipedia.org&uselang=arz">التبرعات</a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85"> ساهم</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="نشجعك على عمل حساب وتسجيل دخولك; لكنه مش ضروري"> افتح حساب</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="يستحسن تسجل دخولك; لكن, ده مش اجبارى [o]" accesskey="o"> دخول</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحات للمحررين الذين سجَّلوا خروجهم <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" aria-label="تعلَّم المزيد بخصوص التحرير">تعلَّم المزيد</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%89" title="نقاش حوالين التعديلات من عنوان الأيبى دا [n]" accesskey="n">المناقشة مع عنوان الأيبى دا</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="الموقع"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="المحتويات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">المحتويات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">أخف</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">المقدمة</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الفيزياء" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الفيزياء"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى الفيزياء </div> </a> <ul id="toc-الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الفيزياء-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الكيمياء" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الكيمياء"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى الكيمياء </div> </a> <ul id="toc-الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الكيمياء-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_علم_وظايف_الأعضاء_أو_الطب" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_علم_وظايف_الأعضاء_أو_الطب"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى علم وظايف الأعضاء أو الطب </div> </a> <ul id="toc-الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_علم_وظايف_الأعضاء_أو_الطب-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الأدب" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الأدب"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى الأدب </div> </a> <ul id="toc-الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الأدب-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_للسلام" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_للسلام"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 الحائزون على جايزة نوبل للسلام </div> </a> <ul id="toc-الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_للسلام-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="المحتويات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">الحايزين على جايزة نوبل من جامعة كولومبيا الامريكيه</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="اذهب إلى المقالة في لغةٍ أخرى. مُتاحة في لغتين" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" > 2 لغات </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="قائمة مختارة"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Columbia_University_as_alumni_or_faculty" title="ل List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Columbia University as alumni or faculty – الإنجليزية" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Columbia University as alumni or faculty" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="قائمة مختارة"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%8D%8E%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="ل 哥倫比亞大學諾貝爾獎得主列表 – الصينية" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哥倫比亞大學諾貝爾獎得主列表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q51738882#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="تعديل الروابط ما بين اللغات" class="wbc-editpage">عدل الوصلات</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="النطاقات"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اعرض صفحة المحتوى [c]" accesskey="c">صفحه</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="مناقشة صفحة الموضوع (الصفحه مالهاش وجود) [t]" accesskey="t">مناقشه</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="غيّر لهجة اللغة" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >مصرى </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="مناظر"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87">قرايه</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=edit" title="عدل الكود المصدري لهذه الصفحة [e]" accesskey="e">تعديل</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=history" title="نسخ قديمه من الصفحه دى [h]" accesskey="h">استعراض التاريخ</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="أدوات الصفحة"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="علبة العده" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >علبة العده </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">أدوات</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">أخف</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="المزيد من الخيارات" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> إجراءات </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87">قرايه</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=edit" title="عدل الكود المصدري لهذه الصفحة [e]" accesskey="e">تعديل</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=history">استعراض التاريخ</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عام </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ليستة كل الصفح اللى بتوصل هنا [j]" accesskey="j">ايه بيوصل هنا</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" rel="nofollow" title="اخر التغييرات فى صفح معمول ليها لينك من الصفحه دى [k]" accesskey="k">تعديلات ليها علاقه</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=arz" title="ارفع فايلات (upload files) [u]" accesskey="u">ارفع فايل (upload file)</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%87" title="ليستة كل الصفح المخصوصه [q]" accesskey="q">صفح مخصوصه</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&oldid=10660212" title="لينك دايم للنسخه دى من الصفحه">لينك دايم</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=info" title="المزيد من المعلومات عن هذه الصفحة">معلومات عن الصفحه</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF&page=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&id=10660212&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="معلومات عن ازاى الاستشهاد بالصفحة">استشهد بالصفحة دى</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Farz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D9%2586_%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2589_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2587">احصل على مسار مختصر</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Farz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D9%2586_%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2589_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2587">تنزيل رمز الاستجابة السريعة</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> اطبع/صدّر </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87">إعمل كتاب</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=show-download-screen">تنزيل PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&printable=yes" title="نسخه تنفع تتطبع للصفحه دى [p]" accesskey="p">نسخه للطبع</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> مشاريع تانيه </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q51738882" title="الربط بعنصر مرتبط ف مستودع البيانات [g]" accesskey="g">عنصر ويكيداتا</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="أدوات الصفحة"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="المظهر"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">المظهر</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">أخف</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعه الحره</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="arz" dir="rtl"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Alma_Mater,_Columbia_University_(6435262141).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A picture of Alma Mater in front of Low Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg/250px-Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg/375px-Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg/500px-Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption> التمثال المركزى لجامعة كولومبيا. من جوايز سنة 2023، انضم 103 من الحائزين على جايزة نوبل لجامعة كولومبيا.</figcaption></figure><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الفيزياء">الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى الفيزياء</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=edit&section=1" title="تعديل جزء : الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى الفيزياء">تعديل</a>]</div><table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>  </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th class="unsortable" scope="col">Image </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Affiliation with Columbia University </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Robert_Andrews_Millikan_1920s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Robert Andrews Millikan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Robert_Andrews_Millikan_1920s.jpg/75px-Robert_Andrews_Millikan_1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Robert_Andrews_Millikan_1920s.jpg/112px-Robert_Andrews_Millikan_1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Robert_Andrews_Millikan_1920s.jpg/149px-Robert_Andrews_Millikan_1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1407" data-file-height="1769" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Millikan, Robert"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روبرت ميليكان">Robert Millikan</a> </td> <td>1923 </td> <td>PhD<a href="#cite_note-:2922-1">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Enrico Fermi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/75px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/113px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/150px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="2927" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Fermi, Enrico"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%89" title="انريكو فيرمى">Enrico Fermi</a> </td> <td>1938 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:2672-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:II_Rabi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Isidor Isaac Rabi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/II_Rabi.jpg/70px-II_Rabi.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/II_Rabi.jpg/106px-II_Rabi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/II_Rabi.jpg/141px-II_Rabi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1488" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Rabi, Isidor"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D9%82_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89" title="ايزيدور اسحق رابى">Isidor Rabi</a> </td> <td>1944 </td> <td>PhD; Professor<a href="#cite_note-:2642-3">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Yukawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Hideki Yukawa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Yukawa.jpg/75px-Yukawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Yukawa.jpg/113px-Yukawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Yukawa.jpg/150px-Yukawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="2687" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Yukawa, Hideki"><a href="/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89" title="يوكاوا هيديكى">Hideki Yukawa</a> </td> <td>1949 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:2592-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Polykarp_Kusch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Polykarp Kusch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Polykarp_Kusch.jpg/75px-Polykarp_Kusch.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Polykarp_Kusch.jpg/112px-Polykarp_Kusch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Polykarp_Kusch.jpg/150px-Polykarp_Kusch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kusch, Polykarp"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B4" title="بولى كارب كوش">Polykarp Kusch</a> </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-Polykarp_Kusch2-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Willis_Lamb_1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Willis Lamb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Willis_Lamb_1955.jpg/75px-Willis_Lamb_1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Willis_Lamb_1955.jpg/112px-Willis_Lamb_1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Willis_Lamb_1955.jpg/150px-Willis_Lamb_1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lamb, Willis"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" title="ويليس لامب">Willis Lamb</a> </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:2482-6">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:TD_Lee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Tsung-Dao Lee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/TD_Lee.jpg/75px-TD_Lee.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/TD_Lee.jpg/112px-TD_Lee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/TD_Lee.jpg/150px-TD_Lee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lee, Tsung-Dao"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC_%D9%84%D9%89" title="تسونج لى">Tsung-Dao Lee</a> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:2452-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Segre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Emilio Segrè" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Segre.jpg/75px-Segre.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Segre.jpg/113px-Segre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Segre.jpg/150px-Segre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="2687" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Segrè, Emilio"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%89" title="اميليو سيجرى">Emilio Segrè</a> </td> <td>1959 </td> <td>Visitor (1935, 1936)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Maria Mayer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg/75px-Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg/112px-Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg/150px-Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Mayer, Maria"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ماريا جوبرت ماير">Maria Mayer</a> </td> <td>1963 </td> <td>Researcher (1942–1945); Manhattan Project (1939–1945)<a href="#cite_note-:2332-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Charles_Townes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Charles Townes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Charles_Townes.jpg/75px-Charles_Townes.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Charles_Townes.jpg/112px-Charles_Townes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Charles_Townes.jpg/149px-Charles_Townes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1500" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Townes, Charles"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="تشارلز تاونز">Charles Townes</a> </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:2292-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Schwinger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Julian Schwinger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Schwinger.jpg/75px-Schwinger.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Schwinger.jpg/112px-Schwinger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Schwinger.jpg/150px-Schwinger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Schwinger, Julian"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="جوليان شفينجر">Julian Schwinger</a> </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>BA, PhD<a href="#cite_note-:2272-12">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Hans_Bethe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Hans Bethe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hans_Bethe.jpg/75px-Hans_Bethe.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hans_Bethe.jpg/113px-Hans_Bethe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hans_Bethe.jpg/150px-Hans_Bethe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="913" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Bethe, Hans"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="هانز بيتا">Hans Bethe</a> </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>Visiting Professor (Spring 1941, 1948)<a href="#cite_note-:123-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">13 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:MurrayGellMannJI1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Murray Gell-Mann" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/MurrayGellMannJI1.jpg/75px-MurrayGellMannJI1.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/MurrayGellMannJI1.jpg/113px-MurrayGellMannJI1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/MurrayGellMannJI1.jpg/150px-MurrayGellMannJI1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2889" data-file-height="2634" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Gell-Mann, Murray"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مورى جيلمان">Murray Gell-Mann</a> </td> <td>1969 </td> <td>Visiting Associate Professor (Fall 1954)<a href="#cite_note-:2222-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">14 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Nobel_Laureate_Leon_Cooper_in_2007_(square).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Leon Cooper" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Nobel_Laureate_Leon_Cooper_in_2007_%28square%29.jpg/75px-Nobel_Laureate_Leon_Cooper_in_2007_%28square%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Nobel_Laureate_Leon_Cooper_in_2007_%28square%29.jpg/113px-Nobel_Laureate_Leon_Cooper_in_2007_%28square%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Nobel_Laureate_Leon_Cooper_in_2007_%28square%29.jpg/150px-Nobel_Laureate_Leon_Cooper_in_2007_%28square%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1660" data-file-height="1659" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Cooper, Leon"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="ليون كوبر">Leon Cooper</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>BA, MA, PhD<a href="#cite_note-:2162-16">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">15 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Aage_Bohr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Aage Bohr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Aage_Bohr.jpg/75px-Aage_Bohr.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Aage_Bohr.jpg/112px-Aage_Bohr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Aage_Bohr.jpg/149px-Aage_Bohr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="501" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Bohr, Aage"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AC%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="آجى بور">Aage Bohr</a> </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>Visiting Fellow (1949–1950)<a href="#cite_note-:2072-17">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">16 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:James_Rainwater_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of James Rainwater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/James_Rainwater_2.jpg/75px-James_Rainwater_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/James_Rainwater_2.jpg/113px-James_Rainwater_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/James_Rainwater_2.jpg/150px-James_Rainwater_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="466" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Rainwater, James"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جيمس رينوتر">James Rainwater</a> </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>MA, PhD; Professor<a href="#cite_note-:2092-18">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">17 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Samuel_ting_10-19-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Samuel Ting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Samuel_ting_10-19-10.jpg/75px-Samuel_ting_10-19-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Samuel_ting_10-19-10.jpg/112px-Samuel_ting_10-19-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Samuel_ting_10-19-10.jpg/149px-Samuel_ting_10-19-10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="862" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Ting, Samuel"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="صمويل تينج">Samuel Ting</a> </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>Assistant Professor (1965–1967) and Instructor (1964–1965)<a href="#cite_note-:2062-19">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">18 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Arno_Penzias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Arno Penzias" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Arno_Penzias.jpg/75px-Arno_Penzias.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Arno_Penzias.jpg/113px-Arno_Penzias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Arno_Penzias.jpg/150px-Arno_Penzias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="375" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Penzias, Arno"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آرنو بينزياس">Arno Penzias</a> </td> <td>1978 </td> <td>MA, PhD<a href="#cite_note-:2002-20">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">19 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Steven_weinberg_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Steven Weinberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Steven_weinberg_2010.jpg/75px-Steven_weinberg_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Steven_weinberg_2010.jpg/113px-Steven_weinberg_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Steven_weinberg_2010.jpg/150px-Steven_weinberg_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="787" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Weinberg, Steven"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="ستيفن واينبيرج">Steven Weinberg</a> </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>Instructor (1957–1959)<a href="#cite_note-:1973-21">[21]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">20 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Val_Fitch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Val Fitch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Val_Fitch.jpg/75px-Val_Fitch.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Val_Fitch.jpg/113px-Val_Fitch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Val_Fitch.jpg/150px-Val_Fitch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="979" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Fitch, Val"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="فال فيتش">Val Fitch</a> </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>PhD<a href="#cite_note-:1942-22">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">21 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Artur_Schawlow,_Stanford_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Arthur Schawlow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Artur_Schawlow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/75px-Artur_Schawlow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Artur_Schawlow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/113px-Artur_Schawlow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Artur_Schawlow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/150px-Artur_Schawlow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="250" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Schawlow, Arthur"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="آرثر شاولو">Arthur Schawlow</a> </td> <td>1981 </td> <td>Visiting Associate Professor (1960); Fellow and Research Associate (1949–1951)<a href="#cite_note-:1912-23">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">22 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Carlo Rubbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg/75px-Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg/112px-Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg/149px-Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="3448" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Rubbia, Carlo"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كارلو روبيا">Carlo Rubbia</a> </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>Research Fellow (1958–1959)<a href="#cite_note-:1852-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">23 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:HD.3F.001_(11086394836).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Leon Lederman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HD.3F.001_%2811086394836%29.jpg/75px-HD.3F.001_%2811086394836%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HD.3F.001_%2811086394836%29.jpg/112px-HD.3F.001_%2811086394836%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HD.3F.001_%2811086394836%29.jpg/150px-HD.3F.001_%2811086394836%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2723" data-file-height="3200" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lederman, Leon"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ليون ليدرمان">Leon Lederman</a> </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>MA, PhD; Professor<a href="#cite_note-:1772-25">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">24 </th> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="Schwartz, Melvin"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="ملفن شفارتز">Melvin Schwartz</a> </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>BA, PhD; Professor; Research Associate<a href="#cite_note-:1782-26">[26]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">25 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Jack-Steinberger-2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Jack Steinberger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jack-Steinberger-2008.JPG/75px-Jack-Steinberger-2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jack-Steinberger-2008.JPG/112px-Jack-Steinberger-2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jack-Steinberger-2008.JPG/150px-Jack-Steinberger-2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1221" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Steinberger, Jack"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="جاك شتاينبرجر">Jack Steinberger</a> </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:1792-27">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">26 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:HD.4G.049_(10537741015)_crop_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HD.4G.049_%2810537741015%29_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-HD.4G.049_%2810537741015%29_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HD.4G.049_%2810537741015%29_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-HD.4G.049_%2810537741015%29_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HD.4G.049_%2810537741015%29_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-HD.4G.049_%2810537741015%29_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="679" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Ramsey, Norman"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%89" title="نورمان رامسى">Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.</a> </td> <td>1989 </td> <td>BA, PhD; Associate Professor<a href="#cite_note-:1712-28">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">27 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Martin_Perl_-_tau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Martin Perl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Martin_Perl_-_tau.jpg/75px-Martin_Perl_-_tau.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Martin_Perl_-_tau.jpg/112px-Martin_Perl_-_tau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Martin_Perl_-_tau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="123" data-file-height="148" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Perl, Martin"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84" title="مارتن بيرل">Martin Perl</a> </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>PhD<a href="#cite_note-:1602-29">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">28 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Horst_St%C3%B6rmer_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Horst Störmer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Horst_St%C3%B6rmer_cropped.jpg/75px-Horst_St%C3%B6rmer_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Horst_St%C3%B6rmer_cropped.jpg/113px-Horst_St%C3%B6rmer_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Horst_St%C3%B6rmer_cropped.jpg/150px-Horst_St%C3%B6rmer_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="891" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Störmer, Horst"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1" title="هورست شتورمر">Horst Störmer</a> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:1502-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">29 </th> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="Tsui, Daniel C."><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%89" title="دانيل تسوى">Daniel C. Tsui</a> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>Adjunct Scientist </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">30 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:John_Mather_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of John C. Mather" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/John_Mather_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-John_Mather_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/John_Mather_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-John_Mather_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/John_Mather_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-John_Mather_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="1296" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Mather, John C."><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="جون ماثر (عالم فيزياء فلكيه من امريكا)">John C. Mather</a> </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>Lecturer (1975–1976)<a href="#cite_note-:1272-31">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">31 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Arthur_Ashkin_EM1B5678_(44417135450)_(adjusted).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Arthur Ashkin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Arthur_Ashkin_EM1B5678_%2844417135450%29_%28adjusted%29.jpg/75px-Arthur_Ashkin_EM1B5678_%2844417135450%29_%28adjusted%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Arthur_Ashkin_EM1B5678_%2844417135450%29_%28adjusted%29.jpg/112px-Arthur_Ashkin_EM1B5678_%2844417135450%29_%28adjusted%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Arthur_Ashkin_EM1B5678_%2844417135450%29_%28adjusted%29.jpg/150px-Arthur_Ashkin_EM1B5678_%2844417135450%29_%28adjusted%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="1447" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Ashkin, Arthur"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ارثر اشكين">Arthur Ashkin</a> </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>BA<a href="#cite_note-:1222-32">[32]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>32 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Parisi_giorgio_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Parisi_giorgio_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Parisi_giorgio_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Parisi_giorgio_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Parisi_giorgio_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Parisi_giorgio_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Parisi_giorgio_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="435" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Parisi, Giorgio"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%89" title="جورجيو باريزى">Giorgio Parisi</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Researcher (1973–1974)<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>33 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:John_Francis_Clauser_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-John_Francis_Clauser_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3054" data-file-height="4262" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Clauser, John"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="جون كلوزر">John Clauser</a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>MA, PhD<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الكيمياء">الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى الكيمياء</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=edit&section=2" title="تعديل جزء : الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى الكيمياء">تعديل</a>]</div><table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>  </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th class="unsortable" scope="col">Image </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Affiliation with Columbia University </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Langmuir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Irving Langmuir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Langmuir.jpg/75px-Langmuir.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Langmuir.jpg/112px-Langmuir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Langmuir.jpg/150px-Langmuir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Langmuir, Irving"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ارفينج لانجموير">Irving Langmuir</a> </td> <td>1932 </td> <td>BS<a href="#cite_note-:4782-35">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Urey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Harold Urey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Urey.jpg/75px-Urey.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Urey.jpg/112px-Urey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Urey.jpg/150px-Urey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Urey, Harold"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="هارولد يورى">Harold Urey</a> </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:4772-36">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:John_Howard_Northrop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of John H. Northrop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/John_Howard_Northrop.jpg/75px-John_Howard_Northrop.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/John_Howard_Northrop.jpg/112px-John_Howard_Northrop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/John_Howard_Northrop.jpg/150px-John_Howard_Northrop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Northrop, John H."><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8" title="جون نورثروب">John H. Northrop</a> </td> <td>1946 </td> <td>BS, MA, PhD<a href="#cite_note-:4602-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Willard_Libby_in_Lab_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Willard_Libby_in_Lab_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Willard_Libby_in_Lab_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Willard_Libby_in_Lab_%28cropped%29.jpg/112px-Willard_Libby_in_Lab_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Willard_Libby_in_Lab_%28cropped%29.jpg/149px-Willard_Libby_in_Lab_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="299" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Libby, Willard"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%89" title="ويلارد ليبى">Willard Libby</a> </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>Head, Chemistry Division of the Columbia University branch of the Manhattan Project (1942–1945)<a href="#cite_note-:43922-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Luis_Federico_Leloir_-_young.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Luis Federico Leloir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Luis_Federico_Leloir_-_young.jpg/75px-Luis_Federico_Leloir_-_young.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Luis_Federico_Leloir_-_young.jpg/113px-Luis_Federico_Leloir_-_young.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Luis_Federico_Leloir_-_young.jpg/150px-Luis_Federico_Leloir_-_young.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="890" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Leloir, Luis"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="لويس لولوار">Luis Leloir</a> </td> <td>1970 </td> <td>Researcher, College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia (1944–1945)<a href="#cite_note-:4202-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="Stein, William H."><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ويليام ستاين">William H. Stein</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>PhD<a href="#cite_note-:4182-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Roald_Hoffmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Roald Hoffmann" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Roald_Hoffmann.jpg/75px-Roald_Hoffmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Roald_Hoffmann.jpg/112px-Roald_Hoffmann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Roald_Hoffmann.jpg/149px-Roald_Hoffmann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="598" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Hoffmann, Roald"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رولد هوفمان">Roald Hoffmann</a> </td> <td>1981 </td> <td>BA<a href="#cite_note-:4012-44">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Herbert_Hauptman_-_UB_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Herbert Hauptman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Herbert_Hauptman_-_UB_2009.jpg/75px-Herbert_Hauptman_-_UB_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Herbert_Hauptman_-_UB_2009.jpg/113px-Herbert_Hauptman_-_UB_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Herbert_Hauptman_-_UB_2009.jpg/150px-Herbert_Hauptman_-_UB_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="1849" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Hauptman, Herbert"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هيربرت هاوبتمان">Herbert Hauptman</a> </td> <td>1985 </td> <td>MA<a href="#cite_note-:3952-45">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Sidney_Altman_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Sidney Altman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sidney_Altman_crop.jpg/75px-Sidney_Altman_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sidney_Altman_crop.jpg/112px-Sidney_Altman_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Sidney_Altman_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="161" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Altman, Sidney"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سيدنى التمان">Sidney Altman</a> </td> <td>1989 </td> <td>Graduate student in physics<a href="#cite_note-:3812-46">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">10 </th> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="Knowles, William S."><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2" title="ويليام نولز">William S. Knowles</a> </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>PhD<a href="#cite_note-:3552-47">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Robert_Grubbs_Royal_Society.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Robert Grubbs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Robert_Grubbs_Royal_Society.jpg/75px-Robert_Grubbs_Royal_Society.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Robert_Grubbs_Royal_Society.jpg/113px-Robert_Grubbs_Royal_Society.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Robert_Grubbs_Royal_Society.jpg/150px-Robert_Grubbs_Royal_Society.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="864" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Grubbs, Robert"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="روبرت جرابز">Robert Grubbs</a> </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>PhD<a href="#cite_note-:3452-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Martin_Chalfie_Royal_Society.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Martin Chalfie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Martin_Chalfie_Royal_Society.jpg/75px-Martin_Chalfie_Royal_Society.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Martin_Chalfie_Royal_Society.jpg/113px-Martin_Chalfie_Royal_Society.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Martin_Chalfie_Royal_Society.jpg/150px-Martin_Chalfie_Royal_Society.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="864" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Chalfie, Martin"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%89" title="مارتن تشالفى">Martin Chalfie</a> </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:3412-49">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">13 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Robert_Lefkowitz_2_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Robert Lefkowitz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Robert_Lefkowitz_2_2012.jpg/75px-Robert_Lefkowitz_2_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Robert_Lefkowitz_2_2012.jpg/113px-Robert_Lefkowitz_2_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Robert_Lefkowitz_2_2012.jpg/150px-Robert_Lefkowitz_2_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3228" data-file-height="3228" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lefkowitz, Robert"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%83%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="روبرت ليفكوويتز">Robert Lefkowitz</a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td>BA, MD<a href="#cite_note-:3292-50">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">14 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Martin_Karplus_Nobel_Prize_22_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Martin Karplus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Martin_Karplus_Nobel_Prize_22_2013.jpg/75px-Martin_Karplus_Nobel_Prize_22_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Martin_Karplus_Nobel_Prize_22_2013.jpg/113px-Martin_Karplus_Nobel_Prize_22_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Martin_Karplus_Nobel_Prize_22_2013.jpg/150px-Martin_Karplus_Nobel_Prize_22_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2689" data-file-height="2689" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Karplus, Martin">Martin Karplus </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:3262-51">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">15 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Joachim_Frank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Joachim Frank" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Joachim_Frank.jpg/75px-Joachim_Frank.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Joachim_Frank.jpg/113px-Joachim_Frank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Joachim_Frank.jpg/150px-Joachim_Frank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="2268" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Frank, Joachim">Joachim Frank </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:3142-52">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>16 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Louis_E_Brus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Louis_E_Brus.jpg/75px-Louis_E_Brus.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Louis_E_Brus.jpg/113px-Louis_E_Brus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Louis_E_Brus.jpg/150px-Louis_E_Brus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1658" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%89._%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لويس اى. بروس">Louis E. Brus</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>PhD; Professor<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_علم_وظايف_الأعضاء_أو_الطب"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AD.D8.A7.D8.A6.D8.B2.D9.88.D9.86_.D8.B9.D9.84.D9.89_.D8.AC.D8.A7.D9.8A.D8.B2.D8.A9_.D9.86.D9.88.D8.A8.D9.84_.D9.81.D9.89_.D8.B9.D9.84.D9.85_.D9.88.D8.B8.D8.A7.D9.8A.D9.81_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A3.D8.B9.D8.B6.D8.A7.D8.A1_.D8.A3.D9.88_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B7.D8.A8">الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى علم وظايف الأعضاء أو الطب</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=edit&section=3" title="تعديل جزء : الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى علم وظايف الأعضاء أو الطب">تعديل</a>]</div><table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>  </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th class="unsortable" scope="col">Image </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Affiliation with Columbia University </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Thomas H. Morgan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg/75px-Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg/112px-Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg/150px-Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="2923" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Morgan, Thomas H."><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توماس مورجان">Thomas H. Morgan</a> </td> <td>1933 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:7282-54">[54]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:HJ_Muller_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Hermann J. Muller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HJ_Muller_1952.jpg/75px-HJ_Muller_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HJ_Muller_1952.jpg/113px-HJ_Muller_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HJ_Muller_1952.jpg/150px-HJ_Muller_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="462" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Muller, Hermann J."><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1_(%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="هرمان مولر (دكتور من امريكا)">Hermann J. Muller</a> </td> <td>1946 </td> <td>BA, MA, PhD; Instructor in Zoology (1918–1920)<a href="#cite_note-:7072-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7082-56">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">3 </th> <td><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=arz&wpDestFile=Edward_Calvin_Kendall_nobel.jpg" class="new" title="ملف:Edward Calvin Kendall nobel.jpg">Portrait of Edward C. Kendall</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kendall, Edward C."><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ادوارد كندال">Edward C. Kendall</a> </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>BS, MS, PhD<a href="#cite_note-:6942-57">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of André Cournand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand_nobel.jpg/75px-Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand_nobel.jpg/112px-Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand_nobel.jpg/150px-Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Cournand, André"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اندريه كورنان">André Cournand</a> </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:6822-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Dickinson Richards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg/75px-Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg/112px-Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg/150px-Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Richards, Dickinson"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="ديكنسون ريتشاردس">Dickinson Richards</a> </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>MD; Professor<a href="#cite_note-:6842-59">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Joshua_Lederberg-nih.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Joshua Lederberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Joshua_Lederberg-nih.jpg/73px-Joshua_Lederberg-nih.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Joshua_Lederberg-nih.jpg/110px-Joshua_Lederberg-nih.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Joshua_Lederberg-nih.jpg/146px-Joshua_Lederberg-nih.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="515" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lederberg, Joshua"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="جوشوا ليدربرج">Joshua Lederberg</a> </td> <td>1958 </td> <td>BA; Research Assistant<a href="#cite_note-:6792-60">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Konrad_Bloch.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Konrad Bloch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Konrad_Bloch.JPG/75px-Konrad_Bloch.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Konrad_Bloch.JPG/112px-Konrad_Bloch.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Konrad_Bloch.JPG/149px-Konrad_Bloch.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1645" data-file-height="2467" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Bloch, Konrad"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AE" title="كونراد بلوخ">Konrad Bloch</a> </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>PhD; Researcher<a href="#cite_note-:6602-61">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:George_Wald_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of George Wald" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/George_Wald_1987.jpg/75px-George_Wald_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/George_Wald_1987.jpg/113px-George_Wald_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/George_Wald_1987.jpg/150px-George_Wald_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1727" data-file-height="2276" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Wald, George"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="جورج والد">George Wald</a> </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>PhD<a href="#cite_note-:6542-62">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Salvador_E._Luria_ca.1969_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Salvador Luria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Salvador_E._Luria_ca.1969_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Salvador_E._Luria_ca.1969_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Salvador_E._Luria_ca.1969_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Salvador_E._Luria_ca.1969_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Salvador_E._Luria_ca.1969_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Salvador_E._Luria_ca.1969_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1336" data-file-height="1777" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Luria, Salvador"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سلفادور لوريا">Salvador Luria</a> </td> <td>1969 </td> <td>Research Assistant in Surgical Bacteriology (1940–1942)<a href="#cite_note-:64532-63">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Konrad_Lorenz,_photo_from_the_Nobel_Foundation_archive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Konrad Lorenz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Konrad_Lorenz%2C_photo_from_the_Nobel_Foundation_archive.jpg/75px-Konrad_Lorenz%2C_photo_from_the_Nobel_Foundation_archive.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Konrad_Lorenz%2C_photo_from_the_Nobel_Foundation_archive.jpg/113px-Konrad_Lorenz%2C_photo_from_the_Nobel_Foundation_archive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Konrad_Lorenz%2C_photo_from_the_Nobel_Foundation_archive.jpg/150px-Konrad_Lorenz%2C_photo_from_the_Nobel_Foundation_archive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="696" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lorenz, Konrad"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="كونراد لورنتس">Konrad Lorenz</a> </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>Undergraduate attendee (1922, one semester of premedical studies)<a href="#cite_note-:6312-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_(NASA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Baruch Blumberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg/75px-Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg/113px-Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg/150px-Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="2682" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Blumberg, Baruch"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="باروخ بلومبرج">Baruch Blumberg</a> </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>MD; Medical Resident<a href="#cite_note-:6212-65">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek_2bw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Carleton Gajdusek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek_2bw.jpg/75px-Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek_2bw.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek_2bw.jpg/113px-Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek_2bw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek_2bw.jpg/150px-Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek_2bw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="3338" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Gajdusek, Carleton"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%83" title="كارلتون جايدوشك">Carleton Gajdusek</a> </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>Medical Resident at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center<a href="#cite_note-:6222-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">13 </th> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="Nathans, Daniel">Daniel Nathans </td> <td>1978 </td> <td>Intern (1954–1955) and Resident (1957–1959) in Medicine, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center<a href="#cite_note-:6113-69">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">14 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Baruj_Benacerraf_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Baruj Benacerraf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Baruj_Benacerraf_1969.jpg/75px-Baruj_Benacerraf_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Baruj_Benacerraf_1969.jpg/112px-Baruj_Benacerraf_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Baruj_Benacerraf_1969.jpg/150px-Baruj_Benacerraf_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="835" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Benacerraf, Baruj"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="باروخ بن الصراف">Baruj Benacerraf</a> </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>BS; Researcher<a href="#cite_note-:6042-70">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">15 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Sune Bergström" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m_3.jpg/75px-Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m_3.jpg/112px-Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m_3.jpg/150px-Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1120" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Bergström, Sune">Sune Bergström </td> <td>1982 </td> <td>Research Fellow (1940–1941)<a href="#cite_note-:5982-71">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">16 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:National_Cancer_Institute_director_Harold_E._Varmus_(3)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Harold E. Varmus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/National_Cancer_Institute_director_Harold_E._Varmus_%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-National_Cancer_Institute_director_Harold_E._Varmus_%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/National_Cancer_Institute_director_Harold_E._Varmus_%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/112px-National_Cancer_Institute_director_Harold_E._Varmus_%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/National_Cancer_Institute_director_Harold_E._Varmus_%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/149px-National_Cancer_Institute_director_Harold_E._Varmus_%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1757" data-file-height="2236" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Varmus, Harold"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3" title="هارولد فرموس">Harold Varmus</a> </td> <td>1989 </td> <td>MD<a href="#cite_note-:5822-72">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">17 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Edward_Donnall_%22Don%22_Thomas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Edward Donall Thomas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Edward_Donnall_%22Don%22_Thomas.jpg/75px-Edward_Donnall_%22Don%22_Thomas.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Edward_Donnall_%22Don%22_Thomas.jpg/113px-Edward_Donnall_%22Don%22_Thomas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Edward_Donnall_%22Don%22_Thomas.jpg/150px-Edward_Donnall_%22Don%22_Thomas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="377" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Thomas, Donnall"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ادوارد دونال توماس">Donnall Thomas</a> </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>Physician-in-chief, Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital (1955–1963)<a href="#cite_note-:5802-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">18 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Louis_Ignarro_by_Carlos_Barretta_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Louis Ignarro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Louis_Ignarro_by_Carlos_Barretta_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Louis_Ignarro_by_Carlos_Barretta_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Louis_Ignarro_by_Carlos_Barretta_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Louis_Ignarro_by_Carlos_Barretta_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Louis_Ignarro_by_Carlos_Barretta_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Louis_Ignarro_by_Carlos_Barretta_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="698" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Ignarro, Louis">Louis Ignarro </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>BA<a href="#cite_note-:5612-75">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">19 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Eric_Kandel_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Eric Kandel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Eric_Kandel_01.JPG/75px-Eric_Kandel_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Eric_Kandel_01.JPG/113px-Eric_Kandel_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Eric_Kandel_01.JPG/150px-Eric_Kandel_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2951" data-file-height="3685" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kandel, Eric"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84" title="اريك كاندل">Eric Kandel</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:5562-76">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">20 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Dr_Linda_Buck_ForMemRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Linda Buck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dr_Linda_Buck_ForMemRS.jpg/75px-Dr_Linda_Buck_ForMemRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dr_Linda_Buck_ForMemRS.jpg/113px-Dr_Linda_Buck_ForMemRS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dr_Linda_Buck_ForMemRS.jpg/150px-Dr_Linda_Buck_ForMemRS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3724" data-file-height="5586" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Buck, Linda"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83_(%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="ليندا باك (دكتوره من امريكا)">Linda Buck</a> </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>Postdoctoral Researcher (1980–1984)<a href="#cite_note-:5442-77">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">21 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Richard Axel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg/75px-Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg/113px-Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg/150px-Professor_Richard_Axel_ForMemRS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="648" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Axel, Richard"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ريتشارد اكسل">Richard Axel</a> </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>BA; Professor<a href="#cite_note-:5432-78">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">22 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:James_Edward_Rothman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/James_Edward_Rothman.jpg/75px-James_Edward_Rothman.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/James_Edward_Rothman.jpg/112px-James_Edward_Rothman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/James_Edward_Rothman.jpg/150px-James_Edward_Rothman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1052" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Rothman, James"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جيمس روثمان">James Rothman</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:5212-79">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>23 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Davidjuliuswithsnake_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Davidjuliuswithsnake_cropped.jpg/75px-Davidjuliuswithsnake_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Davidjuliuswithsnake_cropped.jpg/112px-Davidjuliuswithsnake_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Davidjuliuswithsnake_cropped.jpg/149px-Davidjuliuswithsnake_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="898" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Julius, David">David Julius </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Postdoctoral Researcher (1984–1990)<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economics">Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=edit&section=4" title="تعديل جزء : Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics">تعديل</a>]</div><table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8158737">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Nobel Memorial Prize Laureates in Economics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Image </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Affiliation with Columbia University </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Simon Kuznets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg/75px-Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg/112px-Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg/150px-Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="545" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kuznets, Simon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Kuznets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Kuznets (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Simon Kuznets</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>BS, MA, PhD<a href="#cite_note-:932-82">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Kenneth_Arrow,_Stanford_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Kenneth Arroww" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kenneth_Arrow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/75px-Kenneth_Arrow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kenneth_Arrow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/113px-Kenneth_Arrow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kenneth_Arrow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/150px-Kenneth_Arrow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="250" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Arrow, Kenneth"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Arrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Arrow (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Kenneth Arrow</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>MA, PhD<a href="#cite_note-:922-83">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Portrait_of_Milton_Friedman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Milton Friedman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Portrait_of_Milton_Friedman.jpg/75px-Portrait_of_Milton_Friedman.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Portrait_of_Milton_Friedman.jpg/113px-Portrait_of_Milton_Friedman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Portrait_of_Milton_Friedman.jpg/151px-Portrait_of_Milton_Friedman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2994" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Friedman, Milton"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milton_Friedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milton Friedman (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Milton Friedman</a> </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>PhD; Visiting Professor<a href="#cite_note-:832-84">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="Stigler, George"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Stigler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Stigler (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">George Stigler</a> </td> <td>1982 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:722-85">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Franco_Modigliani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Franco Modigliani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Franco_Modigliani.jpg/75px-Franco_Modigliani.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Franco_Modigliani.jpg/112px-Franco_Modigliani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Franco_Modigliani.jpg/149px-Franco_Modigliani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="500" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Modigliani, Franco"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco_Modigliani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco Modigliani (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Franco Modigliani</a> </td> <td>1985 </td> <td>Instructor at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bard_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bard College (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Bard College</a> (1942–1944)<a href="#cite_note-:692-86">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Robert_Solow_by_Olaf_Storbeck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Robert Solow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Robert_Solow_by_Olaf_Storbeck.jpg/75px-Robert_Solow_by_Olaf_Storbeck.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Robert_Solow_by_Olaf_Storbeck.jpg/113px-Robert_Solow_by_Olaf_Storbeck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Robert_Solow_by_Olaf_Storbeck.jpg/150px-Robert_Solow_by_Olaf_Storbeck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="336" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Solow, Robert"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Solow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Solow (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Robert Solow</a> </td> <td>1987 </td> <td>Research Fellow (1949–1950)<a href="#cite_note-:672-87">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:GaryBecker-May24-2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Gary Becker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/GaryBecker-May24-2008.jpg/75px-GaryBecker-May24-2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/GaryBecker-May24-2008.jpg/112px-GaryBecker-May24-2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/GaryBecker-May24-2008.jpg/150px-GaryBecker-May24-2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1332" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Becker, Gary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Becker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gary Becker (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Gary Becker</a> </td> <td>1992 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:602-88">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Robert_William_Fogel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Robert William Fogel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Robert_William_Fogel.jpg/75px-Robert_William_Fogel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Robert_William_Fogel.jpg/112px-Robert_William_Fogel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Robert_William_Fogel.jpg/149px-Robert_William_Fogel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1863" data-file-height="2794" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Fogel, Robert"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Fogel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Fogel (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Robert Fogel</a> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>MA<a href="#cite_note-:583-89">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">9 </th> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="Vickrey, William"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Vickrey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Vickrey (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">William Vickrey</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>MA, PhD; Professor<a href="#cite_note-:522-90">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Robert_Merton_November_2010_03(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Robert C. Merton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Robert_Merton_November_2010_03%281%29.jpg/75px-Robert_Merton_November_2010_03%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Robert_Merton_November_2010_03%281%29.jpg/112px-Robert_Merton_November_2010_03%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Robert_Merton_November_2010_03%281%29.jpg/150px-Robert_Merton_November_2010_03%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3200" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Merton, Robert C."><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_C._Merton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert C. Merton (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Robert C. Merton</a> </td> <td>1997 </td> <td>BS<a href="#cite_note-:492-91">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Robert_Mundell_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Robert Mundell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Robert_Mundell_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Robert_Mundell_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Robert_Mundell_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Robert_Mundell_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Robert_Mundell_%28cropped%29.jpg/151px-Robert_Mundell_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2278" data-file-height="2932" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Mundell, Robert"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mundell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Mundell (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Robert Mundell</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:462-92">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Laureate-heckman-james.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of James Heckman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Laureate-heckman-james.jpg/75px-Laureate-heckman-james.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Laureate-heckman-james.jpg/113px-Laureate-heckman-james.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Laureate-heckman-james.jpg/150px-Laureate-heckman-james.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="630" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Heckman, James"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Heckman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Heckman (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">James Heckman</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>Associate Professor<a href="#cite_note-:432-93">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">13 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Joseph_E._Stiglitz,_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Joseph E. Stiglitz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Joseph_E._Stiglitz%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Joseph_E._Stiglitz%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Joseph_E._Stiglitz%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/112px-Joseph_E._Stiglitz%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Joseph_E._Stiglitz%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Joseph_E._Stiglitz%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1259" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Stiglitz, Joseph"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Stiglitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Stiglitz (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Joseph Stiglitz</a> </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>Professor; Stern Visiting Professor<a href="#cite_note-:422-94">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">14 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Edmund_Phelps_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Edmund Phelps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edmund_Phelps_2017.jpg/75px-Edmund_Phelps_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edmund_Phelps_2017.jpg/113px-Edmund_Phelps_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edmund_Phelps_2017.jpg/150px-Edmund_Phelps_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="981" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Phelps, Edmund"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Phelps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Phelps (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Edmund Phelps</a> </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-:312-95">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">15 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Alvin_E._Roth_3_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Alvin E. Roth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Alvin_E._Roth_3_2012.jpg/75px-Alvin_E._Roth_3_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Alvin_E._Roth_3_2012.jpg/113px-Alvin_E._Roth_3_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Alvin_E._Roth_3_2012.jpg/150px-Alvin_E._Roth_3_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="3744" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Roth, Alvin"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvin_Roth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvin Roth (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Alvin Roth</a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td>BS<a href="#cite_note-:202-96">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>16 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:David_Card_-_Nobel_prize_interview_screenshot_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/David_Card_-_Nobel_prize_interview_screenshot_%28cropped%29.png/75px-David_Card_-_Nobel_prize_interview_screenshot_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/David_Card_-_Nobel_prize_interview_screenshot_%28cropped%29.png/113px-David_Card_-_Nobel_prize_interview_screenshot_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/David_Card_-_Nobel_prize_interview_screenshot_%28cropped%29.png/150px-David_Card_-_Nobel_prize_interview_screenshot_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1080" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Card, David"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Card&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Card (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">David Card</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Visiting Professor (1990–1991)<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>17 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Joshua_Angrist_-_2011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Joshua_Angrist_-_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Joshua_Angrist_-_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Joshua_Angrist_-_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Joshua_Angrist_-_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Joshua_Angrist_-_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Joshua_Angrist_-_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="564" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Angrist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Angrist (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Joshua Angrist</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Visiting Professor (2018)<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_فى_الأدب">الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى الأدب</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=edit&section=5" title="تعديل جزء : الحائزون على جايزة نوبل فى الأدب">تعديل</a>]</div><table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>  </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th class="unsortable" scope="col">Image </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Affiliation with Columbia University </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Gabriela Mistral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg/75px-Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg/112px-Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg/150px-Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Mistral, Gabriela"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="جابرييلا ميسترال">Gabriela Mistral</a> </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>Visiting Professor at Barnard College (1930–1931)<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Joseph Brodsky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg/75px-Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg/113px-Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg/150px-Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2445" data-file-height="3427" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Brodsky, Joseph"><a href="/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="يوسف برودسكى">Joseph Brodsky</a> </td> <td>1987 </td> <td>Adjunct Professor (1978–1985)<a href="#cite_note-:8025-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Nadine Gordimer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG/75px-Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG/112px-Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG/150px-Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="1472" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Gordimer, Nadine"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="نادين جورديمير">Nadine Gordimer</a> </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>Adjunct Professor (1971–1972, 1976–1978, 1983)<a href="#cite_note-:8025-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Derek_Walcott.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Derek Walcott" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Derek_Walcott.jpg/75px-Derek_Walcott.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Derek_Walcott.jpg/113px-Derek_Walcott.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Derek_Walcott.jpg/150px-Derek_Walcott.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="4368" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Walcott, Derek"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA" title="دريك والكوت">Derek Walcott</a> </td> <td>1992 </td> <td>Visiting Professor (1979, 1981–1983, 1984)<a href="#cite_note-:8025-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Orhan Pamuk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg/75px-Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg/113px-Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg/150px-Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1955" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Pamuk, Orhan"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%83" title="اورهان باموك">Orhan Pamuk</a> </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>Professor; Visiting Scholar<a href="#cite_note-:7862-104">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Louise_Gl%C3%BCck_circa_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Louise Glück" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck_circa_1977.jpg/75px-Louise_Gl%C3%BCck_circa_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck_circa_1977.jpg/113px-Louise_Gl%C3%BCck_circa_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck_circa_1977.jpg/150px-Louise_Gl%C3%BCck_circa_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="1803" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Glück, Louise"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83" title="لويسى جلوك">Louise Glück</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>Undergraduate attendee<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="الحائزون_على_جايزة_نوبل_للسلام">الحائزون على جايزة نوبل للسلام</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&action=edit&section=6" title="تعديل جزء : الحائزون على جايزة نوبل للسلام">تعديل</a>]</div><table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>  </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th class="unsortable" scope="col">Image </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Affiliation with Columbia University </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Theodore_Roosevelt_by_the_Pach_Bros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Theodore_Roosevelt_by_the_Pach_Bros.jpg/75px-Theodore_Roosevelt_by_the_Pach_Bros.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Theodore_Roosevelt_by_the_Pach_Bros.jpg/112px-Theodore_Roosevelt_by_the_Pach_Bros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Theodore_Roosevelt_by_the_Pach_Bros.jpg/149px-Theodore_Roosevelt_by_the_Pach_Bros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3067" data-file-height="3659" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Roosevelt, Theodore"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AA" title="ثيودور روزيڤيلت">Theodore Roosevelt</a> </td> <td>1906 </td> <td>Law student<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Portrait_of_Nicholas_Murray_Butler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Nicholas Butler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Portrait_of_Nicholas_Murray_Butler.jpg/75px-Portrait_of_Nicholas_Murray_Butler.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Portrait_of_Nicholas_Murray_Butler.jpg/112px-Portrait_of_Nicholas_Murray_Butler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Portrait_of_Nicholas_Murray_Butler.jpg/149px-Portrait_of_Nicholas_Murray_Butler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="767" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Butler, Nicholas"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1" title="نيكولاس موراى باتلر">Nicholas Butler</a> </td> <td>1931 </td> <td>BA, MA, PhD; Professor; President<a href="#cite_note-:7742-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:ELIE_WIESEL_(5112581267).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Elie Wiesel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg/75px-ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg/112px-ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg/150px-ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1603" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Wiesel, Elie"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ايلى فيزيل">Elie Wiesel</a> </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>Visiting Professor at Barnard College (1997–1999)<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Al_Gore,_Vice_President_of_the_United_States,_official_portrait_1994.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Al Gore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg/75px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg/113px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg/150px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Gore, Al"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1" title="آل جور">Al Gore</a> </td> <td>2007 </td> <td>Visiting Professor (2001)<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:President_Barack_Obama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Barack Obama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/President_Barack_Obama.jpg/75px-President_Barack_Obama.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/President_Barack_Obama.jpg/113px-President_Barack_Obama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/President_Barack_Obama.jpg/150px-President_Barack_Obama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="3356" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Obama, Barack"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="باراك اوباما">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>BA<a href="#cite_note-:3932-111">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="Liu, Xiaobo"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88_(%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86)" title="ليو شياوبو (ناقد ادبى من الصين)">Liu Xiaobo</a> </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>Visiting Scholar (1988–1989)<a href="#cite_note-:3182-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Leymah_Gbowee_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Leymah Gbowee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Leymah_Gbowee_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Leymah_Gbowee_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Leymah_Gbowee_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Leymah_Gbowee_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Leymah_Gbowee_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Leymah_Gbowee_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="2000" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Gbowee, Leymah"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%89" title="ليما جبوى">Leymah Gbowee</a> </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>Distinguished Fellow in Social Justice at Barnard College (2013–2014)<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Maria_Ressa_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Maria_Ressa_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Maria_Ressa_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Maria_Ressa_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Maria_Ressa_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Maria_Ressa_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/151px-Maria_Ressa_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1749" data-file-height="2228" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ماريا ريسا">Maria Ressa</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Professor<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2922-1"><a href="#cite_ref-:2922_1-0">↑</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10615806">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180108174941/https://history.aip.org/phn/11403004.html">"Millikan, Robert Andrews, 1868–1953"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11403004.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Millikan%2C+Robert+Andrews%2C+1868%E2%80%931953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11403004.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2672-2"><a href="#cite_ref-:2672_2-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180107120052/https://history.aip.org/phn/11508031.html">"Fermi, Enrico, 1901–1954"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11508031.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Fermi%2C+Enrico%2C+1901%E2%80%931954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11508031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2642-3"><a href="#cite_ref-:2642_3-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063610/https://history.aip.org/phn/11407006.html">"Rabi, I. I. (Isidor Isaac), 1898–1988"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11407006.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Rabi%2C+I.+I.+%28Isidor+Isaac%29%2C+1898%E2%80%931988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11407006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2592-4"><a href="#cite_ref-:2592_4-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316203921/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1949/yukawa-bio.html">"Hideki Yukawa – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1949/yukawa-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-03-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Hideki+Yukawa+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1949%2Fyukawa-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polykarp_Kusch2-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Polykarp_Kusch2_5-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105123050/https://history.aip.org/phn/11604009.html">"Kusch, Polykarp, 1911–1993"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11604009.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Kusch%2C+Polykarp%2C+1911%E2%80%931993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11604009.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2482-6"><a href="#cite_ref-:2482_6-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105011833/https://history.aip.org/phn/11604013.html">"Lamb, Willis E. (Willis Eugene), 1913–2008"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11604013.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Lamb%2C+Willis+E.+%28Willis+Eugene%29%2C+1913%E2%80%932008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11604013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2452-7"><a href="#cite_ref-:2452_7-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826035651/http://tdlee.ccast.ac.cn/eindex.html">"Tsung-Dao Lee's Home Page"</a>. tdlee.ccast.ac.cn. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tdlee.ccast.ac.cn/eindex.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-08-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tdlee.ccast.ac.cn&rft.atitle=Tsung-Dao+Lee%27s+Home+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftdlee.ccast.ac.cn%2Feindex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731042818/http://www.lbl.gov/nobelists/1959-emilio-g-segre/">"Emilio Segrè"</a>. Berkeley Lab (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). 20 يونيو 2013. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lbl.gov/nobelists/1959-emilio-g-segre/">الأصل</a> في 2017-07-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-04-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berkeley+Lab&rft.atitle=Emilio+Segr%C3%A8&rft.date=2013-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbl.gov%2Fnobelists%2F1959-emilio-g-segre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220152009/https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4876">"Emilio Segrè"</a>. www.aip.org (بالإنجليزية). 22 أبريل 2015. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4876">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-07-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aip.org&rft.atitle=Emilio+Segr%C3%A8&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fhistory-programs%2Fniels-bohr-library%2Foral-histories%2F4876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2332-10"><a href="#cite_ref-:2332_10-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105011529/https://history.aip.org/phn/11604031.html">"Mayer, Maria Goeppert, 1906–1972"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11604031.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Mayer%2C+Maria+Goeppert%2C+1906%E2%80%931972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11604031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2292-11"><a href="#cite_ref-:2292_11-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013942/https://history.aip.org/phn/11408013.html">"Townes, Charles H."</a> history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11408013.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Townes%2C+Charles+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11408013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2272-12"><a href="#cite_ref-:2272_12-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013918/https://history.aip.org/phn/11601024.html">"Schwinger, Julian, 1918–1994"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11601024.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Schwinger%2C+Julian%2C+1918%E2%80%931994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11601024.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:123-13"><a href="#cite_ref-:123_13-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023011933/https://history.aip.org/phn/11412006.html">"Bethe, Hans A. (Hans Albrecht), 1906–2005"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11412006.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-10-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Bethe%2C+Hans+A.+%28Hans+Albrecht%29%2C+1906%E2%80%932005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11412006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180301225012/https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4504-2">"Hans Bethe – Session II"</a>. www.aip.org (بالإنجليزية). 17 ديسمبر 2014. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4504-2">الأصل</a> في 2018-03-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-07-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aip.org&rft.atitle=Hans+Bethe+%E2%80%93+Session+II&rft.date=2014-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fhistory-programs%2Fniels-bohr-library%2Foral-histories%2F4504-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2222-15"><a href="#cite_ref-:2222_15-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419063455/https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-mourns-passing-murray-gell-mann">"Caltech Mourns the Passing of Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019)"</a>. www.caltech.edu. 24 مايو 2019. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-mourns-passing-murray-gell-mann">الأصل</a> في 2021-04-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.caltech.edu&rft.atitle=Caltech+Mourns+the+Passing+of+Murray+Gell-Mann+%281929%E2%80%932019%29&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caltech.edu%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fcaltech-mourns-passing-murray-gell-mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2162-16"><a href="#cite_ref-:2162_16-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072425/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1972/cooper-cv.html">"Leon N. Cooper – Curriculum Vitae"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1972/cooper-cv.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Leon+N.+Cooper+%E2%80%93+Curriculum+Vitae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1972%2Fcooper-cv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2072-17"><a href="#cite_ref-:2072_17-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072817/https://history.aip.org/phn/11707003.html">"Bohr, Aage"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11707003.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Bohr%2C+Aage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11707003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2092-18"><a href="#cite_ref-:2092_18-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072820/https://history.aip.org/phn/11608023.html">"Rainwater, James, 1917–1986"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11608023.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Rainwater%2C+James%2C+1917%E2%80%931986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11608023.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2062-19"><a href="#cite_ref-:2062_19-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072907/https://history.aip.org/phn/11603033.html">"Ting, S. C. C. (Samuel Chao-chung), 1936–"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11603033.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Ting%2C+S.+C.+C.+%28Samuel+Chao-chung%29%2C+1936%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11603033.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2002-20"><a href="#cite_ref-:2002_20-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172346/https://history.aip.org/phn/11506004.html">"Penzias, Arno A."</a> history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11506004.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Penzias%2C+Arno+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11506004.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1973-21"><a href="#cite_ref-:1973_21-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172027/https://history.aip.org/phn/11503008.html">"Weinberg, Steven, 1933–"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11503008.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Weinberg%2C+Steven%2C+1933%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11503008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1942-22"><a href="#cite_ref-:1942_22-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229112250/https://history.aip.org/phn/11509012.html">"Fitch, Val L., 1923–2015"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11509012.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Fitch%2C+Val+L.%2C+1923%E2%80%932015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11509012.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1912-23"><a href="#cite_ref-:1912_23-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229112239/https://history.aip.org/phn/11503015.html">"Schawlow, Arthur L., 1921–1999"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11503015.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Schawlow%2C+Arthur+L.%2C+1921%E2%80%931999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11503015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1852-24"><a href="#cite_ref-:1852_24-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmann" class="citation web cs1">Hoffmann، Ilire Hasani, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228232522/http://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Rubbia_Carlo">"Academy of Europe: Rubbia Carlo"</a>. www.ae-info.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Rubbia_Carlo">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ae-info.org&rft.atitle=Academy+of+Europe%3A+Rubbia+Carlo&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=Ilire+Hasani%2C+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ae-info.org%2Fae%2FMember%2FRubbia_Carlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:Cite_web" title="قالب:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (<a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF:_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9:_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تصنيف:صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:1772-25"><a href="#cite_ref-:1772_25-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220210/https://history.aip.org/phn/11605003.html">"Lederman, Leon M."</a> history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11605003.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Lederman%2C+Leon+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11605003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1782-26"><a href="#cite_ref-:1782_26-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220135/https://history.aip.org/phn/11601031.html">"Schwartz, Melvin, 1932–2006"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11601031.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Schwartz%2C+Melvin%2C+1932%E2%80%932006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11601031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1792-27"><a href="#cite_ref-:1792_27-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220112/https://history.aip.org/phn/11604036.html">"Steinberger, J."</a> history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11604036.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Steinberger%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11604036.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1712-28"><a href="#cite_ref-:1712_28-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220159/https://history.aip.org/phn/11408011.html">"Ramsey, Norman, 1915–2011"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11408011.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Ramsey%2C+Norman%2C+1915%E2%80%932011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11408011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1602-29"><a href="#cite_ref-:1602_29-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051610/https://history.aip.org/phn/11608005.html">"Perl, Martin L., 1927–2014"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11608005.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Perl%2C+Martin+L.%2C+1927%E2%80%932014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11608005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1502-30"><a href="#cite_ref-:1502_30-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051925/https://history.aip.org/phn/11507031.html">"Störmer, Horst"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11507031.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=St%C3%B6rmer%2C+Horst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11507031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1272-31"><a href="#cite_ref-:1272_31-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819150130/https://history.aip.org/phn/11606021.html">"John C. Mather"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11606021.html">الأصل</a> في 2020-08-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=John+C.+Mather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11606021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1222-32"><a href="#cite_ref-:1222_32-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003161625/https://history.aip.org/phn/11409018.html">"Ashkin, Arthur, 1922–"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11409018.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-10-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-10-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Ashkin%2C+Arthur%2C+1922%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11409018.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211012082902/https://www.uniroma1.it/en/notizia/giorgio-parisi-nobel-prize-physics">"Giorgio Parisi is Nobel Prize in Physics"</a>. Sapienza University of Rome. 5 أكتوبر 2021. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniroma1.it/en/notizia/giorgio-parisi-nobel-prize-physics">الأصل</a> في 2021-10-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-10-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sapienza+University+of+Rome&rft.atitle=Giorgio+Parisi+is+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniroma1.it%2Fen%2Fnotizia%2Fgiorgio-parisi-nobel-prize-physics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004174908/https://news.columbia.edu/news/columbia-alum-wins-nobel-prize-physics">"Columbia Alum Wins Nobel Prize in Physics"</a>. Columbia News (بالإنجليزية). مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.columbia.edu/news/columbia-alum-wins-nobel-prize-physics">الأصل</a> في 2022-10-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-10-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbia+News&rft.atitle=Columbia+Alum+Wins+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.columbia.edu%2Fnews%2Fcolumbia-alum-wins-nobel-prize-physics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4782-35"><a href="#cite_ref-:4782_35-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180730021001/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1932/langmuir-bio.html">"Irving Langmuir – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1932/langmuir-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-07-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Irving+Langmuir+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1932%2Flangmuir-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4772-36"><a href="#cite_ref-:4772_36-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201133909/https://history.aip.org/phn/11610024.html">"Urey, Harold Clayton, 1893–1981"</a>. history.aip.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11610024.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Urey%2C+Harold+Clayton%2C+1893%E2%80%931981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11610024.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4602-37"><a href="#cite_ref-:4602_37-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171211161048/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1946/northrop-bio.html">"John H. Northrop – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1946/northrop-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=John+H.+Northrop+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1946%2Fnorthrop-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:43922-38"><a href="#cite_ref-:43922_38-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180315004131/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1960/libby-bio.html">"Willard F. Libby – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1960/libby-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-03-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Willard+F.+Libby+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1960%2Flibby-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706213408/http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb1j49n6pv;NAAN=13030&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00059&toc.depth=1&toc.id=&brand=calisphere">"Willard Frank Libby, Chemistry: Berkeley and Los Angeles"</a>. University of California. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb1j49n6pv;NAAN=13030&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00059&toc.depth=1&toc.id=&brand=calisphere">الأصل</a> في 2022-07-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+California&rft.atitle=Willard+Frank+Libby%2C+Chemistry%3A+Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftexts.cdlib.org%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dhb1j49n6pv%3BNAAN%3D13030%26doc.view%3Dframes%26chunk.id%3Ddiv00059%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3D%26brand%3Dcalisphere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808184314/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20000844.html">"Willard Libby"</a>. National Academy of Sciences. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20000844.html">الأصل</a> في 2016-08-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Willard+Libby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fdeceased-members%2F20000844.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4202-41"><a href="#cite_ref-:4202_41-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126013328/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/leloir-bio.html">"Luis Leloir – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/leloir-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Luis+Leloir+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1970%2Fleloir-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017080550/http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mig/bios/leloir.html">"Biography: Luis F. Leloir"</a>. beckerexhibits.wustl.edu. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mig/bios/leloir.html">الأصل</a> في 2020-10-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=beckerexhibits.wustl.edu&rft.atitle=Biography%3A+Luis+F.+Leloir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeckerexhibits.wustl.edu%2Fmig%2Fbios%2Fleloir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4182-43"><a href="#cite_ref-:4182_43-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629131610/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1972/stein-bio.html">"William H. Stein – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1972/stein-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-06-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=William+H.+Stein+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1972%2Fstein-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4012-44"><a href="#cite_ref-:4012_44-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501000337/https://chemistry.cornell.edu/roald-hoffmann">"Roald Hoffmann"</a>. chemistry.cornell.edu. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemistry.cornell.edu/roald-hoffmann">الأصل</a> في 2021-05-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chemistry.cornell.edu&rft.atitle=Roald+Hoffmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchemistry.cornell.edu%2Froald-hoffmann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3952-45"><a href="#cite_ref-:3952_45-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122235721/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1985/hauptman-bio.html">"Herbert A. Hauptman – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1985/hauptman-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Herbert+A.+Hauptman+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1985%2Fhauptman-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3812-46"><a href="#cite_ref-:3812_46-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122001601/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1989/altman-bio.html">"Sidney Altman – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1989/altman-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Sidney+Altman+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1989%2Faltman-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3552-47"><a href="#cite_ref-:3552_47-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180119001617/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2001/knowles-bio.html">"William S. Knowles – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2001/knowles-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=William+S.+Knowles+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2001%2Fknowles-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3452-48"><a href="#cite_ref-:3452_48-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418102008/http://www.cce.caltech.edu/people/robert-h-grubbs">"Robert H. Grubbs"</a>. cce.caltech.edu. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cce.caltech.edu/people/robert-h-grubbs">الأصل</a> في 2021-04-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cce.caltech.edu&rft.atitle=Robert+H.+Grubbs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcce.caltech.edu%2Fpeople%2Frobert-h-grubbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3412-49"><a href="#cite_ref-:3412_49-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210429235319/https://www.biology.columbia.edu/people/chalfie">"Martin Chalfie"</a>. www.biology.columbia.edu. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biology.columbia.edu/people/chalfie">الأصل</a> في 2021-04-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biology.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Martin+Chalfie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biology.columbia.edu%2Fpeople%2Fchalfie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3292-50"><a href="#cite_ref-:3292_50-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180128232807/http://www.lefkolab.org/lefkowitz-bio.html">"Lefkowitz Bio"</a>. HHMI (بالإنجليزية). مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefkolab.org/lefkowitz-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HHMI&rft.atitle=Lefkowitz+Bio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefkolab.org%2Flefkowitz-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3262-51"><a href="#cite_ref-:3262_51-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170823094832/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2013/karplus-bio.html">"Martin Karplus – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2013/karplus-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-08-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Martin+Karplus+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2013%2Fkarplus-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3142-52"><a href="#cite_ref-:3142_52-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210313134632/https://www.biology.columbia.edu/people/frank">"Joachim Frank"</a>. www.biology.columbia.edu. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biology.columbia.edu/people/frank">الأصل</a> في 2021-03-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biology.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Joachim+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biology.columbia.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffrank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFBubolaMiller2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bubola، Emma؛ Miller، Katrina (4 أكتوبر 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231004101356/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/science/nobel-prize-chemistry.html">"Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld"</a>. The New York Times (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="الرقم التسلسلي القياسي الدولي (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ISSN</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/science/nobel-prize-chemistry.html">الأصل</a> في 2023-10-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-10-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+Awarded+to+3+Scientists+for+Exploring+the+Nanoworld&rft.date=2023-10-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bubola&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.au=Miller%2C+Katrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F04%2Fscience%2Fnobel-prize-chemistry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7282-54"><a href="#cite_ref-:7282_54-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180227094640/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1933/morgan-bio.html">"Thomas H. Morgan – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1933/morgan-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Thomas+H.+Morgan+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1933%2Fmorgan-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7072-55"><a href="#cite_ref-:7072_55-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303105830/http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/hermann-j-muller/">"Hermann J. Muller – Guggenheim Fellows"</a>. www.gf.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/hermann-j-muller/">الأصل</a> في 2018-03-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gf.org&rft.atitle=Hermann+J.+Muller+%E2%80%93+Guggenheim+Fellows&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gf.org%2Ffellows%2Fall-fellows%2Fhermann-j-muller%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7082-56"><a href="#cite_ref-:7082_56-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180217005220/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1946/muller-bio.html">"Hermann J. Muller – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1946/muller-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Hermann+J.+Muller+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1946%2Fmuller-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6942-57"><a href="#cite_ref-:6942_57-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080713/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1950/kendall-bio.html">"Edward C. Kendall – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1950/kendall-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Edward+C.+Kendall+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1950%2Fkendall-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6822-58"><a href="#cite_ref-:6822_58-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144449/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/cournand-bio.html">"André F. Cournand – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/cournand-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-09-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Andr%C3%A9+F.+Cournand+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1956%2Fcournand-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6842-59"><a href="#cite_ref-:6842_59-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053340/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/richards-bio.html">"Dickinson W. Richards – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/richards-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Dickinson+W.+Richards+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1956%2Frichards-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6792-60"><a href="#cite_ref-:6792_60-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053105/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1958/lederberg-bio.html">"Joshua Lederberg – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1958/lederberg-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-11-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Joshua+Lederberg+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1958%2Flederberg-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6602-61"><a href="#cite_ref-:6602_61-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032547/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1964/bloch-bio.html">"Konrad Bloch – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1964/bloch-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Konrad+Bloch+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1964%2Fbloch-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6542-62"><a href="#cite_ref-:6542_62-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109182758/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1967/wald-bio.html">"George Wald – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1967/wald-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-11-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=George+Wald+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1967%2Fwald-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:64532-63"><a href="#cite_ref-:64532_63-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180222045451/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/luria-bio.html">"Salvador E. Luria – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/luria-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Salvador+E.+Luria+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1969%2Fluria-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6312-64"><a href="#cite_ref-:6312_64-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150503071257/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/348157/Konrad-Lorenz">"Konrad Lorenz"</a>. www.britannica.com. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Konrad-Lorenz">الأصل</a> في 2015-05-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Konrad+Lorenz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FKonrad-Lorenz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6212-65"><a href="#cite_ref-:6212_65-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180217142319/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/blumberg-bio.html">"Baruch S. Blumberg – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/blumberg-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Baruch+S.+Blumberg+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1976%2Fblumberg-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6222-66"><a href="#cite_ref-:6222_66-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180217142050/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/gajdusek-bio.html">"D. Carleton Gajdusek – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/gajdusek-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=D.+Carleton+Gajdusek+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1976%2Fgajdusek-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160720194013/http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8s75fnv/">"Gajdusek (D. Carleton) Papers"</a>. oac.cdlib.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8s75fnv/">الأصل</a> في 2016-07-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oac.cdlib.org&rft.atitle=Gajdusek+%28D.+Carleton%29+Papers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foac.cdlib.org%2Ffindaid%2Fark%3A%2F13030%2Fc8s75fnv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201229150155/http://www.c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/your_columbians/dcarleton_gajdusek.html">"D. Carleton Gajdusek"</a>. c250.columbia.edu. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/your_columbians/dcarleton_gajdusek.html">الأصل</a> في 2020-12-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=c250.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=D.+Carleton+Gajdusek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fc250.columbia.edu%2Fc250_celebrates%2Fyour_columbians%2Fdcarleton_gajdusek.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6113-69"><a href="#cite_ref-:6113_69-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225102017/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/nathans-bio.html">"Daniel Nathans – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/nathans-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Daniel+Nathans+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1978%2Fnathans-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6042-70"><a href="#cite_ref-:6042_70-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721133002/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/benacerraf-bio.html">"Baruj Benacerraf – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/benacerraf-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-07-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Baruj+Benacerraf+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1980%2Fbenacerraf-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5982-71"><a href="#cite_ref-:5982_71-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180130205113/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1982/bergstrom-bio.html">"Sune K. Bergström – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1982/bergstrom-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-01-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Sune+K.+Bergstr%C3%B6m+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1982%2Fbergstrom-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5822-72"><a href="#cite_ref-:5822_72-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411091651/https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/harold-e-varmus-md">"Harold E. Varmus, M.D.)"</a>. www.nih.gov. 6 أغسطس 2015. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/harold-e-varmus-md">الأصل</a> في 2021-04-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nih.gov&rft.atitle=Harold+E.+Varmus%2C+M.D.%29&rft.date=2015-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nih.gov%2Fabout-nih%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fnih-almanac%2Fharold-e-varmus-md&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5802-73"><a href="#cite_ref-:5802_73-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035424/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1990/thomas-bio.html">"E. Donnall Thomas – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1990/thomas-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=E.+Donnall+Thomas+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1990%2Fthomas-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> خطأ لوا في وحدة:Citation/CS1/Identifiers على السطر 558: attempt to index field 'extended_registrants_t' (a nil value). </li> <li id="cite_note-:5612-75"><a href="#cite_ref-:5612_75-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816071902/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1998/ignarro-cv.html">"Louis J. Ignarro – Curriculum Vitae"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1998/ignarro-cv.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-08-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Louis+J.+Ignarro+%E2%80%93+Curriculum+Vitae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1998%2Fignarro-cv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5562-76"><a href="#cite_ref-:5562_76-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044446/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/kandel-cv.html">"Eric R. Kandel – Curriculum Vitae"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/kandel-cv.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-09-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Eric+R.+Kandel+%E2%80%93+Curriculum+Vitae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F2000%2Fkandel-cv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5442-77"><a href="#cite_ref-:5442_77-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211072849/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/buck-cv.html">"Linda B. Buck – Curriculum Vitae"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/buck-cv.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-02-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Linda+B.+Buck+%E2%80%93+Curriculum+Vitae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F2004%2Fbuck-cv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5432-78"><a href="#cite_ref-:5432_78-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820033425/http://www.axellab.columbia.edu/axel.php.html">"Richard Axel, M.D."</a> www.axellab.columbia.edu. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.axellab.columbia.edu/axel.php.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-08-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.axellab.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Richard+Axel%2C+M.D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.axellab.columbia.edu%2Faxel.php.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5212-79"><a href="#cite_ref-:5212_79-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001102922/http://medicine.yale.edu/lab/rothman/people/james_rothman.profile">"James E Rothman, PhD > Rothman Lab | Cell Biology | Yale School of Medicine"</a>. medicine.yale.edu (بالإنجليزية). مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medicine.yale.edu/lab/rothman/people/james_rothman.profile">الأصل</a> في 2016-10-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=medicine.yale.edu&rft.atitle=James+E+Rothman%2C+PhD+%3E+Rothman+Lab+%7C+Cell+Biology+%7C+Yale+School+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedicine.yale.edu%2Flab%2Frothman%2Fpeople%2Fjames_rothman.profile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211004234116/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2021/press-release/">"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021"</a>. NobelPrize.org (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2021/press-release/">الأصل</a> في 2021-10-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-10-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fmedicine%2F2021%2Fpress-release%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211004202124/https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2021/09/421486/biography-david-julius">"Biography of David Julius | UC San Francisco"</a>. www.ucsf.edu (بالإنجليزية). مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2021/09/421486/biography-david-julius">الأصل</a> في 2021-10-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-10-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ucsf.edu&rft.atitle=Biography+of+David+Julius+%7C+UC+San+Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucsf.edu%2Fnews%2F2021%2F09%2F421486%2Fbiography-david-julius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:932-82"><a href="#cite_ref-:932_82-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1971/kuznets-bio.html">"Simon Kuznets – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170903120707/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1971/kuznets-bio.html">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2017-09-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Simon+Kuznets+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2Flaureates%2F1971%2Fkuznets-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:922-83"><a href="#cite_ref-:922_83-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1972/arrow-bio.html">"Kenneth J. Arrow – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180226223506/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1972/arrow-bio.html">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2018-02-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Kenneth+J.+Arrow+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2Flaureates%2F1972%2Farrow-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:832-84"><a href="#cite_ref-:832_84-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hacer.org/pdf/bio.pdf">"CV (Milton Friedman)"</a> (PDF). www.nobelprize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705120316/http://www.hacer.org/pdf/bio.pdf">مؤرشف</a> (PDF) من الأصل في 2017-07-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=CV+%28Milton+Friedman%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hacer.org%2Fpdf%2Fbio.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:722-85"><a href="#cite_ref-:722_85-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1982/stigler-bio.html">"George J. Stigler – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212193051/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1982/stigler-bio.html">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2017-12-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=George+J.+Stigler+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2Flaureates%2F1982%2Fstigler-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:692-86"><a href="#cite_ref-:692_86-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1985/modigliani-bio.html">"Franco Modigliani – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171113113128/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1985/modigliani-bio.html">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2017-11-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Franco+Modigliani+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2Flaureates%2F1985%2Fmodigliani-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:672-87"><a href="#cite_ref-:672_87-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1987/solow-bio.html">"Robert M. Solow – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212003000/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1987/solow-bio.html">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2017-12-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Robert+M.+Solow+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2Flaureates%2F1987%2Fsolow-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:602-88"><a href="#cite_ref-:602_88-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1992/becker/biographical/">"Gary Becker – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417173340/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1992/becker/biographical/">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2021-04-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Gary+Becker+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2F1992%2Fbecker%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:583-89"><a href="#cite_ref-:583_89-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1993/fogel/biographical/">"Robert W. Fogel – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210611102104/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1993/fogel/biographical/">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2021-06-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Robert+W.+Fogel+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2F1993%2Ffogel%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:522-90"><a href="#cite_ref-:522_90-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1996/vickrey-bio.html">"William Vickrey – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212140731/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1996/vickrey-bio.html">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2017-12-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=William+Vickrey+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2Flaureates%2F1996%2Fvickrey-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:492-91"><a href="#cite_ref-:492_91-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://robertcmerton.com/curriculum-vitae/">"Curriculum Vitae – Robert C. Merton"</a>. Robert C. Merton (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212140644/http://robertcmerton.com/curriculum-vitae/">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2017-12-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Robert+C.+Merton&rft.atitle=Curriculum+Vitae+%E2%80%93+Robert+C.+Merton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frobertcmerton.com%2Fcurriculum-vitae%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:462-92"><a href="#cite_ref-:462_92-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/bob2000.html">"C.V. of Robert Mundell"</a>. www.columbia.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429024232/http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/bob2000.html">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2018-04-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=C.V.+of+Robert+Mundell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~ram15%2Fbob2000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:432-93"><a href="#cite_ref-:432_93-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/laureates/heckman">"Prof. Dr. James Joseph Heckman"</a>. www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118051410/https://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/laureates/heckman">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2021-01-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org&rft.atitle=Prof.+Dr.+James+Joseph+Heckman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org%2Flaureates%2Fheckman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:422-94"><a href="#cite_ref-:422_94-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipa.columbia.edu/faculty-research/faculty-directory/joseph-e-stiglitz">"Joseph E. Stiglitz"</a>. www.sipa.columbia.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120192058/https://www.sipa.columbia.edu/faculty-research/faculty-directory/joseph-e-stiglitz">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2021-01-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sipa.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Joseph+E.+Stiglitz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipa.columbia.edu%2Ffaculty-research%2Ffaculty-directory%2Fjoseph-e-stiglitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:312-95"><a href="#cite_ref-:312_95-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~esp2/">"Edmund S. Phelps"</a>. www.columbia.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061106195623/http://www.columbia.edu/~esp2/">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2006-11-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Edmund+S.+Phelps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~esp2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:202-96"><a href="#cite_ref-:202_96-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.columbia.edu/news/seas-alumnus-alvin-e-roth-wins-2012-nobel-prize-economics">"SEAS Alumnus Alvin E. Roth Wins 2012 Nobel Prize in Economics"</a>. news.columbia.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222090605/https://news.columbia.edu/news/seas-alumnus-alvin-e-roth-wins-2012-nobel-prize-economics">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2019-12-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=SEAS+Alumnus+Alvin+E.+Roth+Wins+2012+Nobel+Prize+in+Economics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.columbia.edu%2Fnews%2Fseas-alumnus-alvin-e-roth-wins-2012-nobel-prize-economics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFCard2018" class="citation web cs1">Card، David (يناير 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://davidcard.berkeley.edu/cv.pdf">"Curriculum Vita – David Card"</a> (PDF). berkeley.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011145031/https://davidcard.berkeley.edu/cv.pdf">مؤرشف</a> (PDF) من الأصل في 2021-10-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-10-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=berkeley.edu&rft.atitle=Curriculum+Vita+%E2%80%93+David+Card&rft.date=2018-01&rft.aulast=Card&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdavidcard.berkeley.edu%2Fcv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFAngrist2021" class="citation web cs1">Angrist، Joshua (يناير 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economics.mit.edu/faculty/angrist/cv">"CV, Joshua D. Angrist"</a>. economics.mit.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011105629/http://economics.mit.edu/faculty/angrist/cv">مؤرشف</a> من الأصل في 2021-10-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-10-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=economics.mit.edu&rft.atitle=CV%2C+Joshua+D.+Angrist&rft.date=2021-01&rft.aulast=Angrist&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomics.mit.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fangrist%2Fcv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204000033/https://barnardarchives.wordpress.com/2010/03/08/archives-donates-gabriela-mistral-collection-to-chile/">"Archives donates Gabriela Mistral collection to Chile"</a>. Barnard Archives And Special Collections (بالإنجليزية). 8 مارس 2010. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://barnardarchives.wordpress.com/2010/03/08/archives-donates-gabriela-mistral-collection-to-chile/">الأصل</a> في 2019-12-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barnard+Archives+And+Special+Collections&rft.atitle=Archives+donates+Gabriela+Mistral+collection+to+Chile&rft.date=2010-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbarnardarchives.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F03%2F08%2Farchives-donates-gabriela-mistral-collection-to-chile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724002346/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1945/mistral-bio.html">"Gabriela Mistral – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1945/mistral-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-07-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Gabriela+Mistral+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F1945%2Fmistral-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221211317/http://www.gabrielamistralfoundation.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=15">"gabrielamistralfoundation.org – About Gabriela Mistral"</a>. www.gabrielamistralfoundation.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gabrielamistralfoundation.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=15">الأصل</a> في 2020-02-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gabrielamistralfoundation.org&rft.atitle=gabrielamistralfoundation.org+%E2%80%93+About+Gabriela+Mistral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gabrielamistralfoundation.org%2Fweb%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D9%26Itemid%3D15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8025-102">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:8025_102-0">أ</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8025_102-1">ب</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8025_102-2">ت</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126082622/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/special/nowin.html">"Columbia University Press Releases – Nobel Winners"</a>. www.columbia.edu. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/special/nowin.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-11-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Columbia+University+Press+Releases+%E2%80%93+Nobel+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Fpr%2Fspecial%2Fnowin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150914160817/https://www.macfound.org/fellows/74/">"Joseph Brodsky – MacArthur Foundation"</a>. www.macfound.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macfound.org/fellows/74/">الأصل</a> في 2015-09-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.macfound.org&rft.atitle=Joseph+Brodsky+%E2%80%93+MacArthur+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macfound.org%2Ffellows%2F74%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7862-104"><a href="#cite_ref-:7862_104-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223110638/http://cgt.columbia.edu/about/people/committee-fellows/orhan-pamuk/">"Orhan Pamuk – CU Global ThoughtCU Global Thought"</a>. cgt.columbia.edu (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cgt.columbia.edu/about/people/committee-fellows/orhan-pamuk/">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cgt.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Orhan+Pamuk+%E2%80%93+CU+Global+ThoughtCU+Global+Thought&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcgt.columbia.edu%2Fabout%2Fpeople%2Fcommittee-fellows%2Forhan-pamuk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014720/https://arts.columbia.edu/news/louise-gl%C3%BCck-2020-winner-nobel-prize-literature">"Louise Glück 2020 Winner of Nobel Prize in Literature"</a>. arts.columbia.edu (بالإنجليزية). مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arts.columbia.edu/news/louise-gl%C3%BCck-2020-winner-nobel-prize-literature">الأصل</a> في 2021-04-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arts.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Louise+Gl%C3%BCck+2020+Winner+of+Nobel+Prize+in+Literature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farts.columbia.edu%2Fnews%2Flouise-gl%25C3%25BCck-2020-winner-nobel-prize-literature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015113239/https://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/theodore_roosevelt.html">"Theodore Roosevelt"</a>. c250.columbia.edu. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/theodore_roosevelt.html">الأصل</a> في 2020-10-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=c250.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Theodore+Roosevelt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fc250.columbia.edu%2Fc250_celebrates%2Fremarkable_columbians%2Ftheodore_roosevelt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7742-107"><a href="#cite_ref-:7742_107-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207192159/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/butler-bio.html">"Nicholas Murray Butler – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/butler-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2017-12-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Nicholas+Murray+Butler+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F1931%2Fbutler-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221218013708/https://barnard.edu/news/memory-elie-wiesel">"In Memory of Elie Wiesel"</a>. Barnard College (بالإنجليزية). مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://barnard.edu/news/memory-elie-wiesel">الأصل</a> في 2022-12-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-12-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barnard+College&rft.atitle=In+Memory+of+Elie+Wiesel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbarnard.edu%2Fnews%2Fmemory-elie-wiesel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFBarringer2001" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barringer، Felicity (3 مايو 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018195712/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/03/nyregion/split-decision-for-gore-among-his-columbia-students.html">"Split Decision for Gore, Among His Columbia Students (Published 2001)"</a>. The New York Times (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="الرقم التسلسلي القياسي الدولي (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ISSN</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/03/nyregion/split-decision-for-gore-among-his-columbia-students.html">الأصل</a> في 2020-10-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Split+Decision+for+Gore%2C+Among+His+Columbia+Students+%28Published+2001%29&rft.date=2001-05-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Barringer&rft.aufirst=Felicity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F05%2F03%2Fnyregion%2Fsplit-decision-for-gore-among-his-columbia-students.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200118084742/http://www.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/stories/01/24/gore.columbia/index.html">"Gore accepts visiting professor post at Columbia"</a>. www.cnn.com. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/stories/01/24/gore.columbia/index.html">الأصل</a> في 2020-01-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cnn.com&rft.atitle=Gore+accepts+visiting+professor+post+at+Columbia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2001%2FALLPOLITICS%2Fstories%2F01%2F24%2Fgore.columbia%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3932-111"><a href="#cite_ref-:3932_111-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103321/https://millercenter.org/president/obama/life-before-the-presidency">"Barack Obama: Life Before the Presidency | Miller Center"</a>. Miller Center (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). 4 أكتوبر 2016. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/president/obama/life-before-the-presidency">الأصل</a> في 2018-03-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miller+Center&rft.atitle=Barack+Obama%3A+Life+Before+the+Presidency+%7C+Miller+Center&rft.date=2016-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fobama%2Flife-before-the-presidency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3182-112"><a href="#cite_ref-:3182_112-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103945/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/xiaobo-bio.html">"Liu Xiaobo – Biographical"</a>. www.nobelprize.org. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/xiaobo-bio.html">الأصل</a> في 2018-03-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Liu+Xiaobo+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F2010%2Fxiaobo-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFQuartz2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Quartz (13 يوليو 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016211154/https://qz.com/1023459/nobel-peace-prize-winner-liu-xiaobo-imprisoned-by-china-for-writing-seven-sentences-has-died-in-custody/">"Nobel Prize winner Liu Xiaobo: A timeline of a life dedicated to the protesters of Tiananmen Square"</a>. Quartz (بالإنجليزية). مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1023459/nobel-peace-prize-winner-liu-xiaobo-imprisoned-by-china-for-writing-seven-sentences-has-died-in-custody/">الأصل</a> في 2020-10-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=Nobel+Prize+winner+Liu+Xiaobo%3A+A+timeline+of+a+life+dedicated+to+the+protesters+of+Tiananmen+Square&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft.au=Quartz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1023459%2Fnobel-peace-prize-winner-liu-xiaobo-imprisoned-by-china-for-writing-seven-sentences-has-died-in-custody%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401220633/https://barnard.edu/news/barnard-welcomes-nobel-laureate-leymah-gbowee-distinguished-fellow-social-justice">"Barnard Welcomes Nobel Laureate Leymah Gbowee as Distinguished Fellow in Social Justice"</a>. barnard.edu (بالإنجليزية). 4 أكتوبر 2013. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://barnard.edu/news/barnard-welcomes-nobel-laureate-leymah-gbowee-distinguished-fellow-social-justice">الأصل</a> في 2019-04-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-07-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=barnard.edu&rft.atitle=Barnard+Welcomes+Nobel+Laureate+Leymah+Gbowee+as+Distinguished+Fellow+in+Social+Justice&rft.date=2013-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbarnard.edu%2Fnews%2Fbarnard-welcomes-nobel-laureate-leymah-gbowee-distinguished-fellow-social-justice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016075510/https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography-liberian-nobel-peace-prize-laureate-leymah-gbowee">"30th anniversary of Nelson Mandela's return: A lecture by Nobel Peace laureate Lemayah Gbowee – Nelson Mandela Foundation"</a>. www.nelsonmandela.org (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography-liberian-nobel-peace-prize-laureate-leymah-gbowee">الأصل</a> في 2020-10-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nelsonmandela.org&rft.atitle=30th+anniversary+of+Nelson+Mandela%27s+return%3A+A+lecture+by+Nobel+Peace+laureate+Lemayah+Gbowee+%E2%80%93+Nelson+Mandela+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nelsonmandela.org%2Fcontent%2Fpage%2Fbiography-liberian-nobel-peace-prize-laureate-leymah-gbowee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162316/https://www.sipa.columbia.edu/news/nobel-laureate-maria-ressa-join-sipa-faculty">"Nobel Laureate Maria Ressa to Join SIPA Faculty"</a>. www.sipa.columbia.edu (بالإنجليزية). 28 يونيو 2023. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipa.columbia.edu/news/nobel-laureate-maria-ressa-join-sipa-faculty">الأصل</a> في 2023-07-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-07-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sipa.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Nobel+Laureate+Maria+Ressa+to+Join+SIPA+Faculty&rft.date=2023-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipa.columbia.edu%2Fnews%2Fnobel-laureate-maria-ressa-join-sipa-faculty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">اتجابت من "<a dir="ltr" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=الحايزين_على_جايزة_نوبل_من_جامعة_كولومبيا_الامريكيه&oldid=10660212">https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=الحايزين_على_جايزة_نوبل_من_جامعة_كولومبيا_الامريكيه&oldid=10660212</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="خاص:تصانيف">تصانيف</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="تصنيف:جايزة نوبل">جايزة نوبل</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_(en-us)" title="تصنيف:الاستشهاد بمصادر باللغة الإنجليزية الأمريكية (en-us)">الاستشهاد بمصادر باللغة الإنجليزية الأمريكية (en-us)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_(en)" title="تصنيف:الاستشهاد بمصادر باللغة الإنجليزية (en)">الاستشهاد بمصادر باللغة الإنجليزية (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF:_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9:_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تصنيف:صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين">صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">تصنيفات مستخبية: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B8%D9%87" title="تصنيف:صفحات فيها لينكات لملفات بايظه">صفحات فيها لينكات لملفات بايظه</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="تصنيف:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%8A" title="تصنيف:صفحات بها أخطاء في البرنامج النصي">صفحات بها أخطاء في البرنامج النصي</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> الصفحه دى اتعدلت اخر مره فى 7 نوفمبر 2024,‏ 11:29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">النصوص متوفرة تحت <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">رخصة التشارك الإبداع العزو/المشاركة بالمثل</a>; ممكن تطبيق شروط إضافية. بص على <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">شروط الاستخدام</a> للتفاصيل.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/ar">بوليسة الخصوصيه</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D9%86">عن ويكيبيديا</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%89">تنازل عن مسئوليه</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">القواعد السلوكية</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">مطورين</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/arz.wikipedia.org">احصائيات</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">بيان الكوكيز</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//arz.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">نسخة المحمول</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-f2r5r","wgBackendResponseTime":168,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.962","walltime":"1.176","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4745,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":259226,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":43,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":313562,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 954.702 1 -total"," 47.77% 456.106 94 قالب:مرجع_ويب"," 7.02% 67.040 16 قالب:Cite_web"," 2.50% 23.844 4 قالب:استشهاد_بخبر"," 1.65% 15.754 1 قالب:Cite_journal"," 1.63% 15.600 1 قالب:Sronly"," 0.71% 6.812 1 قالب:Cite_news"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.492","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4438073,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-8599b58fbd-4v7m2","timestamp":"20241120222359","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0647","url":"https:\/\/arz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q51738882","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q51738882","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2024-11-04T13:08:56Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T11:29:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/be\/Alma_Mater%2C_Columbia_University_%286435262141%29.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>