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The detection of these aberrations in lymphocytes of individuals exposed to potential leukemogens may serve as useful biomarkers of increased leukemia risk. We have used a novel fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure to determine if specific aberrations in chromosomes 1, 5 and 7 occur at an elevated rate in the blood cells of workers exposed to benzene. Forty-three healthy workers exposed to a wide range of benzene concentrations (median 31 p.p.m., 8 h time-weighted average) and 44 unexposed controls from Shanghai were studied. Whole blood was cultured and metaphase spreads were harvested at 72 h. Benzene exposure was associated with increases in the rates of monosomy 5 and 7 but not monosomy 1 (P \u003c 0.001, P \u003c 0.0001 and P ⍧ 0.94, respectively) and with increases in trisomy and tetrasomy frequencies of all three chromosomes. Long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 was increased in a dosedependent fashion (P ⍧ 0.014 and P \u003c 0.0001) up to 3.5fold in the exposed workers. These results demonstrate that leukemia-specific changes in chromosomes 5 and 7 can be detected by FISH in the peripheral blood of otherwise healthy benzene-exposed workers. We suggest that aberrations in chromosomes 5 and 7 may be useful biomarkers of early biological effect for benzene exposure.","publication_date":"1998,,","publication_name":"Carcinogenesis","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"47860859"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Increased aneusomy and long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 in the lymphocytes of Chinese workers exposed to benzene","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [51785298]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card ds-work-card--no-bottom-spacing"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":47860859,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Increased aneusomy and long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 in the lymphocytes of Chinese workers exposed to benzene”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/47860859/mini_magick20190205-8702-62pn54.png?1549407122" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Increased aneusomy and long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 in the lymphocytes of Chinese workers exposed to benzene</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51785298" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PremaKolachana"><img alt="Profile image of Prema Kolachana" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Prema Kolachana</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1998, Carcinogenesis</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">7 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 27598177; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Two of the most common cytogenetic changes in therapyand chemical-related leukemia are the loss and long (q) arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7. The detection of these aberrations in lymphocytes of individuals exposed to potential leukemogens may serve as useful biomarkers of increased leukemia risk. We have used a novel fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure to determine if specific aberrations in chromosomes 1, 5 and 7 occur at an elevated rate in the blood cells of workers exposed to benzene. Forty-three healthy workers exposed to a wide range of benzene concentrations (median 31 p.p.m., 8 h time-weighted average) and 44 unexposed controls from Shanghai were studied. Whole blood was cultured and metaphase spreads were harvested at 72 h. Benzene exposure was associated with increases in the rates of monosomy 5 and 7 but not monosomy 1 (P < 0.001, P < 0.0001 and P ⍧ 0.94, respectively) and with increases in trisomy and tetrasomy frequencies of all three chromosomes. Long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 was increased in a dosedependent fashion (P ⍧ 0.014 and P < 0.0001) up to 3.5fold in the exposed workers. These results demonstrate that leukemia-specific changes in chromosomes 5 and 7 can be detected by FISH in the peripheral blood of otherwise healthy benzene-exposed workers. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/13849775/Chromosome_Translocations_in_Workers_Exposed_to_Benzene">Chromosome Translocations in Workers Exposed to Benzene</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32943985" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClionaMcHale">Cliona McHale</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">JNCI Monographs, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chromosome Translocations in Workers Exposed to Benzene","attachmentId":44881610,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13849775/Chromosome_Translocations_in_Workers_Exposed_to_Benzene","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66419086" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZhangLuoping">Luoping Zhang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Use of OctoChrome fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect specific aneuploidy among all 24 chromosomes in benzene-exposed workers","attachmentId":71346535,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55509207/Use_of_OctoChrome_fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization_to_detect_specific_aneuploidy_among_all_24_chromosomes_in_benzene_exposed_workers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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lymphocytes of workers exposed to low concentrations of benzene</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31324191" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PieroLovreglio">Piero Lovreglio</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31378749" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaffeiF">F. 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class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33146506" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarmelaSentija">Karmela Sentija</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemosphere, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cytogenetic changes in subjects occupationally exposed to benzene","attachmentId":75465370,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62819354/Cytogenetic_changes_in_subjects_occupationally_exposed_to_benzene","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62819354/Cytogenetic_changes_in_subjects_occupationally_exposed_to_benzene"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="81194117" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81194117/Lymphocyte_chromosome_breakage_in_low_benzene_exposure_among_Indonesian_workers">Lymphocyte chromosome breakage in low benzene exposure among Indonesian workers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31928115" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DewiSoemarko">Dewi Soemarko</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Medical Journal of Indonesia, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lymphocyte chromosome breakage in low benzene exposure among Indonesian workers","attachmentId":87324394,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81194117/Lymphocyte_chromosome_breakage_in_low_benzene_exposure_among_Indonesian_workers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81194117/Lymphocyte_chromosome_breakage_in_low_benzene_exposure_among_Indonesian_workers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="55509243" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55509243/Biomarkers_of_Leukemia_Risk_Benzene_as_a_Model">Biomarkers of Leukemia Risk: Benzene as a Model</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66419086" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZhangLuoping">Luoping Zhang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Environmental Health Perspectives, 1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biomarkers of Leukemia Risk: Benzene as a 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href="https://www.academia.edu/67103460/Chromosomal_loss_and_breakage_in_mouse_bone_marrow_and_spleen_cells_exposed_to_benzene_in_vivo">Chromosomal loss and breakage in mouse bone marrow and spleen cells exposed to benzene in vivo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6508966" href="https://sri.academia.edu/RupaDoppalapudi">Rupa Doppalapudi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cancer research, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chromosomal loss and breakage in mouse bone marrow and spleen cells exposed to benzene in 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ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69305377/Cytogenetic_Effects_of_Benzene_on_Human_Blood_Cells">Cytogenetic Effects of Benzene on Human Blood Cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3832202" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaiderZaidan">Haider Zaidan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cytogenetic Effects of Benzene on Human Blood Cells","attachmentId":79452034,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69305377/Cytogenetic_Effects_of_Benzene_on_Human_Blood_Cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderDecker">Alexander Decker</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"11.Chromosomal Damage Risk Assessment to Benzene Exposure","attachmentId":13096431,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1545014/11_Chromosomal_Damage_Risk_Assessment_to_Benzene_Exposure","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1545014/11_Chromosomal_Damage_Risk_Assessment_to_Benzene_Exposure"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="1291970" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1291970/Chromosomal_Damage_Risk_Assessment_to_Benzene_Exposure">Chromosomal Damage Risk Assessment to Benzene Exposure</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1020414" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderDecker">Alexander Decker</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chromosomal Damage Risk Assessment to Benzene 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href="https://www.academia.edu/123043843/Chromosome_aberration_sister_chromatid_exchange_proliferative_rate_index_and_serum_thiocyanate_concentration_in_smokers_exposed_to_low_dose_benzene">Chromosome aberration, sister‐chromatid exchange, proliferative rate index, and serum thiocyanate concentration in smokers exposed to low‐dose benzene</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="300056728" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaTompa1">Anna Tompa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chromosome aberration, sister‐chromatid exchange, proliferative rate index, and serum thiocyanate concentration in smokers exposed to low‐dose 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ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18841619/Molecular_cytogenetic_analysis_of_buccal_cells_and_lymphocytes_from_benzene_exposed_workers">Molecular cytogenetic analysis of buccal cells and lymphocytes from benzene-exposed workers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33591809" href="https://ttl.academia.edu/HannuNorppa">Hannu Norppa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Carcinogenesis, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Molecular cytogenetic analysis of buccal cells and lymphocytes from benzene-exposed 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implications for risk assessment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32943985" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClionaMcHale">Cliona McHale</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Carcinogenesis, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Current understanding of the mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia in humans: implications for risk assessment","attachmentId":44881611,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13849770/Current_understanding_of_the_mechanism_of_benzene_induced_leukemia_in_humans_implications_for_risk_assessment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="99617709" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GiovanniBattistaBartolucci">Giovanni Battista Bartolucci</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Toxicology Letters, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Low air levels of benzene: Correlation between biomarkers of exposure and genotoxic effects","attachmentId":89564091,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84597176/Low_air_levels_of_benzene_Correlation_between_biomarkers_of_exposure_and_genotoxic_effects","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/PKunle">Patrick Kunle</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assessment of Post Exposure of Benzene on Some Hematology Parameters and DNA Lesions on Adult Wistar Rats","attachmentId":75519703,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62906665/Assessment_of_Post_Exposure_of_Benzene_on_Some_Hematology_Parameters_and_DNA_Lesions_on_Adult_Wistar_Rats","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/StevenLamm1">Steven Lamm</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Environmental Health Perspectives, 1989</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Consistencies and inconsistencies underlying the quantitative assessment of leukemia risk from benzene exposure","attachmentId":108084383,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110190983/Consistencies_and_inconsistencies_underlying_the_quantitative_assessment_of_leukemia_risk_from_benzene_exposure","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://unito.academia.edu/AlfredoSantovito">Alfredo Santovito</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human & Experimental Toxicology, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from nurses occupationally exposed to chemicals","attachmentId":44159546,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14421215/Chromosomal_damage_in_peripheral_blood_lymphocytes_from_nurses_occupationally_exposed_to_chemicals","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leukemia after exposure to benzene: temporal trends and implications for standards","attachmentId":43322512,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22764226/Leukemia_after_exposure_to_benzene_temporal_trends_and_implications_for_standards","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22764226/Leukemia_after_exposure_to_benzene_temporal_trends_and_implications_for_standards"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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