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aria-controls="toc-Modernity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modernity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modernity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_Whaling_Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Whaling_Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>International Whaling Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Whaling_Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whaling_catches_by_location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whaling_catches_by_location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Whaling catches by location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whaling_catches_by_location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ongoing_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ongoing_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ongoing debate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ongoing_debate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ongoing debate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ongoing_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sustainability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustainability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sustainability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sustainability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_risks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_risks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Health risks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_risks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_on_global_carbon_cycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_on_global_carbon_cycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Effects on global carbon cycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_on_global_carbon_cycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>By country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-By_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle By country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Faroe_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faroe_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Faroe Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faroe_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greenland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greenland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Greenland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greenland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iceland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iceland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Iceland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iceland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Whaling</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hw%C3%A6lhunto%C3%BE" title="Hwælhuntoþ – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hwælhuntoþ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صيد الحيتان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صيد الحيتان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caza_de_ballenes" title="Caza de ballenes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caza de ballenes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balina_ovu" title="Balina ovu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Balina ovu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="তিমি শিকার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিমি শিকার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Кит аулау кәсебе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кит аулау кәсебе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Лов на китове – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лов на китове" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov_na_kitove" title="Lov na kitove – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lov na kitove" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%A7a_de_balenes" title="Caça de balenes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caça de balenes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81_%C4%95%C3%A7" title="Кит тытас ĕç – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кит тытас ĕç" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov_velryb" title="Lov velryb – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lov velryb" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvalfangst" title="Hvalfangst – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hvalfangst" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walfang" title="Walfang – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Walfang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaalap%C3%BC%C3%BCk" title="Vaalapüük – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vaalapüük" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caza_de_ballenas" title="Caza de ballenas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caza de ballenas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balenkaptado" title="Balenkaptado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balenkaptado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balea_arrantza" title="Balea arrantza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Balea arrantza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شکار نهنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شکار نهنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasse_%C3%A0_la_baleine" title="Chasse à la baleine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chasse à la baleine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seilg_m%C3%ADolta_m%C3%B3ra" title="Seilg míolta móra – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seilg míolta móra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caza_de_baleas" title="Caza de baleas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caza de baleas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EA%B2%BD" title="포경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կետորսություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կետորսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="व्हेल आखेट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्हेल आखेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitolov" title="Kitolov – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kitolov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perburuan_paus" title="Perburuan paus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perburuan paus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%A1viqsiu%C4%A1niq" title="Aġviqsiuġniq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Aġviqsiuġniq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvalvei%C3%B0ar" title="Hvalveiðar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvalveiðar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caccia_alla_balena" title="Caccia alla balena – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caccia alla balena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ציד לווייתנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציד לווייתנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98" title="ვეშაპსარეწი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვეშაპსარეწი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaenatio" title="Balaenatio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Balaenatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C4%BCu_med%C4%ABbas" title="Vaļu medības – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vaļu medības" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangini%C5%B3_med%C5%BEiokl%C4%97" title="Banginių medžioklė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Banginių medžioklė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1lnavad%C3%A1szat" title="Bálnavadászat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bálnavadászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Китолов – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Китолов" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F" title="തിമിംഗല വേട്ട – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തിമിംഗല വേട്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemburuan_paus" title="Pemburuan paus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemburuan paus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvisvaart" title="Walvisvaart – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Walvisvaart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%A8" title="捕鯨 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="捕鯨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvalfangst" title="Hvalfangst – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hvalfangst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvalfangst" title="Kvalfangst – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvalfangst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AB_%DA%9A%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="نهنګ ښکار – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نهنګ ښکار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielorybnictwo" title="Wielorybnictwo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielorybnictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balea%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Baleação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baleação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Китобойный промысел – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китобойный промысел" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Whaling" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitolov" title="Kitolov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kitolov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Китолов – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Китолов" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitolov" title="Kitolov – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kitolov" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valaanpyynti" title="Valaanpyynti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valaanpyynti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valf%C3%A5ngst" title="Valfångst – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valfångst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88" title="திமிங்கில வேட்டை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திமிங்கில வேட்டை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balina_avc%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Balina avcılığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balina avcılığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Китобійний промисел – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китобійний промисел" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83n_b%E1%BA%AFt_c%C3%A1_voi" title="Săn bắt cá voi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Săn bắt cá voi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%A8" title="捕鯨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="捕鯨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%A8" title="捕鯨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捕鯨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42767#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hunting of whales</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Whaling_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Whaling (disambiguation)">Whaling (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hunting Whales" redirects here. For the album by The Checks, see <a href="/wiki/Hunting_Whales_(album)" title="Hunting Whales (album)">Hunting Whales (album)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:To_the_left,_the_black-hulled_whaling_ships._To_the_right,_the_red-hulled_whale-watching_ship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/To_the_left%2C_the_black-hulled_whaling_ships._To_the_right%2C_the_red-hulled_whale-watching_ship.jpg/220px-To_the_left%2C_the_black-hulled_whaling_ships._To_the_right%2C_the_red-hulled_whale-watching_ship.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/To_the_left%2C_the_black-hulled_whaling_ships._To_the_right%2C_the_red-hulled_whale-watching_ship.jpg/330px-To_the_left%2C_the_black-hulled_whaling_ships._To_the_right%2C_the_red-hulled_whale-watching_ship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/To_the_left%2C_the_black-hulled_whaling_ships._To_the_right%2C_the_red-hulled_whale-watching_ship.jpg/440px-To_the_left%2C_the_black-hulled_whaling_ships._To_the_right%2C_the_red-hulled_whale-watching_ship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1064" /></a><figcaption>To the left, the black-hulled whaling ships. To the right, the red-hulled whale-watching ship. <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, 2011.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Number_of_whales_killed,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Number_of_whales_killed%2C_OWID.svg/220px-Number_of_whales_killed%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Number_of_whales_killed%2C_OWID.svg/330px-Number_of_whales_killed%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Number_of_whales_killed%2C_OWID.svg/440px-Number_of_whales_killed%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Number of whales killed since 1900</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Whaling</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> of <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a> for their usable products such as <a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">meat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blubber" title="Blubber">blubber</a>, which can be turned into <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">a type of oil</a> that was important in the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>. Whaling was practiced as an organized industry as early as 875 AD. By the 16th century, it had become the principal industry in the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque</a> coastal regions of Spain and France. The whaling industry spread throughout the world and became very profitable in terms of trade and resources. Some regions of the world's oceans, along the animals' migration routes, had a particularly dense whale population and became targets for large concentrations of whaling ships, and the industry continued to grow well into the 20th century. The depletion of some whale species to near extinction led to the banning of whaling in many countries by 1969 and to an international cessation of whaling as an industry in the late 1980s. </p><p>Archaeological evidence suggests the earliest known forms of whaling date to at least 3000 BC, practiced by the <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> and other peoples in the North Atlantic and North Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coastal communities around the world have long histories of <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">subsistence</a> use of <a href="/wiki/Cetacean" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacean">cetaceans</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunting" title="Dolphin drive hunting">dolphin drive hunting</a> and by harvesting <a href="/wiki/Drift_whale" title="Drift whale">drift whales</a>. Widespread commercial whaling emerged with organized fleets of <a href="/wiki/Whaling_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Whaling ship">whaling ships</a> in the 17th century; competitive national whaling industries in the 18th and 19th centuries; and the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Factory_ship" title="Factory ship">factory ships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Explosive_harpoon" title="Explosive harpoon">explosive harpoons</a> along with the concept of whale harvesting in the first half of the 20th century. By the late 1930s, more than 50,000 whales were killed annually.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a> (IWC) decided that there should be a pause on commercial whaling on all whale species from 1986 onwards because of the extreme depletion of most of the whale stocks.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contemporary whaling for whale meat is subject to intense debate. Iceland, Japan, Norway, First Nations people in Canada, Native Americans in the USA, and the Danish dependencies of the Faroe Islands and Greenland continue to hunt in the 21st century. The IWC ban on commercial whaling has been very successful, with only Iceland, Japan and Norway still engaging in and supporting commercial hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also support having the IWC moratorium lifted on certain whale stocks for hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anti-whaling" title="Anti-whaling">Anti-whaling</a> countries and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental activist">environmental activists</a> oppose lifting the ban. Under the terms of the IWC moratorium, <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">aboriginal whaling</a> is allowed to continue on a <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsistence fishing">subsistence basis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the past few decades, <a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">whale watching</a> has become a significant industry in many parts of the world; in some countries it has replaced whaling, but in a few others the two business models exist in an uneasy tension. The live capture of cetaceans for display in aquaria (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Captive_orcas" title="Captive orcas">captive killer whales</a>) continues. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_whaling" title="History of whaling">History of whaling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">Aboriginal whaling</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:18th_century_arctic_whaling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/18th_century_arctic_whaling.jpg/220px-18th_century_arctic_whaling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/18th_century_arctic_whaling.jpg/330px-18th_century_arctic_whaling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/18th_century_arctic_whaling.jpg/440px-18th_century_arctic_whaling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Eighteenth-century engraving showing <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Whaling in the Netherlands">Dutch whalers</a> hunting <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">bowhead whales</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Speeck_-_Danish_Whaling_Station_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Abraham_Speeck_-_Danish_Whaling_Station_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Abraham_Speeck_-_Danish_Whaling_Station_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Abraham_Speeck_-_Danish_Whaling_Station_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Abraham_Speeck_-_Danish_Whaling_Station_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Abraham_Speeck_-_Danish_Whaling_Station_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Abraham_Speeck_-_Danish_Whaling_Station_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5202" data-file-height="3012" /></a><figcaption>Whaling on <a href="/wiki/Danes_Island" title="Danes Island">Danes Island</a>, by Abraham Speeck, 1634. <a href="/wiki/Skokloster_Castle" title="Skokloster Castle">Skokloster Castle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_Whaling_Scene_Bonaventura_Peeters.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dutch_Whaling_Scene_Bonaventura_Peeters.JPG/220px-Dutch_Whaling_Scene_Bonaventura_Peeters.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dutch_Whaling_Scene_Bonaventura_Peeters.JPG/330px-Dutch_Whaling_Scene_Bonaventura_Peeters.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dutch_Whaling_Scene_Bonaventura_Peeters.JPG/440px-Dutch_Whaling_Scene_Bonaventura_Peeters.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>One of the oldest known whaling paintings, by <a href="/wiki/Bonaventura_Peeters_the_Elder" title="Bonaventura Peeters the Elder">Bonaventura Peeters</a>, depicting <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Whaling in the Netherlands">Dutch whalers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Spitzbergen" class="mw-redirect" title="Spitzbergen">Spitzbergen</a> c. 1645</figcaption></figure> <p>Whaling began in prehistoric times in coastal waters. The earliest depictions of whaling are the Neolithic <a href="/wiki/Bangudae_Petroglyphs" title="Bangudae Petroglyphs">Bangudae Petroglyphs</a> in Korea, which may date back to 6000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These images are the earliest evidence for whaling.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunting and gathering</a> is generally considered to have had little ecological impact, early whaling in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> may have altered freshwater ecology.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early whaling affected the development of widely disparate cultures on different continents.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Basque_people#Basque_sailors" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Basque people">Basques</a> were the first to catch whales commercially and dominated the trade for five centuries, spreading to the far corners of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a> and even reaching the <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic">South Atlantic</a>. The development of modern whaling techniques was spurred in the 19th century by the increase in demand for <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">whale oil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometimes known as "train oil", and in the 20th century by a demand for <a href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">margarine</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">whale meat</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Whalers_Stripping_Their_Prey_at_Neah_Bay_-_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Indian_Whalers_Stripping_Their_Prey_at_Neah_Bay_-_1910.jpg/220px-Indian_Whalers_Stripping_Their_Prey_at_Neah_Bay_-_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Indian_Whalers_Stripping_Their_Prey_at_Neah_Bay_-_1910.jpg/330px-Indian_Whalers_Stripping_Their_Prey_at_Neah_Bay_-_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Indian_Whalers_Stripping_Their_Prey_at_Neah_Bay_-_1910.jpg/440px-Indian_Whalers_Stripping_Their_Prey_at_Neah_Bay_-_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="2172" /></a><figcaption>Native Americans Stripping Their Prey at <a href="/wiki/Neah_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Neah Bay">Neah Bay</a> – 1910</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modernity">Modernity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modernity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bremerhaven_26_(RaBoe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bremerhaven_26_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/220px-Bremerhaven_26_%28RaBoe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bremerhaven_26_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/330px-Bremerhaven_26_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bremerhaven_26_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/440px-Bremerhaven_26_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Rau IX</i>, a whaling ship built in 1939 for the German <a href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">margarine</a> company Walter Rau AG, now part of the collection of the <a href="/wiki/German_Maritime_Museum" title="German Maritime Museum">German Maritime Museum</a>. Whale oil was an important ingredient of margarine and the company operated its own whaling ships<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whales_caught_recently.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whales_caught_recently.png/220px-Whales_caught_recently.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whales_caught_recently.png/330px-Whales_caught_recently.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whales_caught_recently.png/440px-Whales_caught_recently.png 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption>Whales caught 2010–2014, by country</figcaption></figure> <p>The primary species hunted are <a href="/wiki/Minke_whale" title="Minke whale">minke whales</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-iwc-catch_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwc-catch-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale#Beluga_catches_by_location" title="Beluga whale">belugas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narwhals" class="mw-redirect" title="Narwhals">narwhals</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-narwhals_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narwhals-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">pilot whales</a>, which are some of the smallest species of whales. There are also smaller numbers killed of <a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">gray whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">sei whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">bowhead whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Bryde's whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whales</a>. </p><p>Recent scientific surveys estimate a population of 103,000 minkes in the northeast Atlantic. With respect to the populations of Antarctic minke whales, as of January 2010, the IWC states that it is "unable to provide reliable estimates at the present time" and that a "major review is underway by the Scientific Committee."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whale oil is used little today,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and modern whaling is primarily done for food: for pets, fur farms, sled dogs and humans, and for making carvings of tusks, teeth and vertebrae.<sup id="cite_ref-hoover_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoover-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both meat and blubber (<a href="/wiki/Muktuk" title="Muktuk">muktuk</a>) are eaten from narwhals, belugas and bowheads. From commercially hunted minkes, meat is eaten by humans or animals, and blubber is rendered down mostly to cheap industrial products such as animal feed or, in Iceland, as a fuel supplement for whaling ships. </p><p>International cooperation on whaling regulation began in 1931 and culminated in the signing of the <a href="/wiki/International_Convention_for_the_Regulation_of_Whaling" title="International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling">International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling</a> (ICRW) in 1946. Its aim is to: </p> <dl><dd><blockquote><p>provide for the proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Whaling_Commission">International Whaling Commission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: International Whaling Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a> (IWC) was set up under the ICRW to decide hunting quotas and other relevant matters based on the findings of its Scientific Committee. Non-member countries are not bound by its regulations and conduct their own management programs. It regulates hunting of 13 species of <a href="/wiki/Cetacea#Taxonomy" title="Cetacea">great whales</a> and has not reached consensus on whether it may regulate smaller species.<sup id="cite_ref-iwcjuris_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwcjuris-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IWC voted on July 23, 1982, to establish a <a href="/wiki/Moratorium_(law)" title="Moratorium (law)">moratorium</a> on commercial whaling of great whales beginning in the 1985–86 season. Since 1992, the IWC's Scientific Committee has requested that it be allowed to give quota proposals for some whale stocks, but this has so far been refused by the Plenary Committee. </p><p>At the 2010 meeting in Morocco, representatives of the 88 member states discussed whether to lift the 24-year ban on commercial whaling. Japan, Norway and Iceland urged the organisation to lift the ban. A coalition of anti-whaling nations offered a compromise plan that would allow these countries to continue whaling but with smaller catches and under close supervision. Their plan would also completely ban whaling in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 200 scientists and experts have opposed the compromise proposal for lifting the ban and have also opposed allowing whaling in the Southern Ocean, which was declared a <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean_Whale_Sanctuary" title="Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary">whale sanctuary</a> in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opponents of the compromise plan want to see an end to all commercial whaling but are willing to allow subsistence-level catches by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whaling_catches_by_location">Whaling catches by location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Whaling catches by location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These totals include great whales: counts from IWC<sup id="cite_ref-total_catch_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-total_catch-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and WDC<sup id="cite_ref-wdc_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and IWC Summary Catch Database version 6.1, July 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IWC database is supplemented by <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Faroe_Islands#Catch_statistics" title="Whaling in the Faroe Islands">Faroese</a> catches of pilot whales,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenland's and Canada's catches of narwhals (data 1954–2014),<sup id="cite_ref-narwhals_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narwhals-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> belugas from multiple sources shown in the <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">Beluga whale</a> article, Indonesia's catches of sperm whales,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and bycatch in Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 75%; text-align: center; width: auto;"> <caption>Whales caught, by country and species, 2010–2014 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Practice</th> <th>Total</th> <th>Minke</th> <th>Belugas</th> <th>Narwhals</th> <th>Pilot Whales</th> <th>Gray</th> <th>Sei</th> <th>Fin</th> <th>Bowhead</th> <th>Bryde's</th> <th>Sperm</th> <th>Humpback</th> <th>Orca </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total</th> <th></th> <th>21,008</th> <th>5,663</th> <th>4,831</th> <th>4,548</th> <th>3,699</th> <th>642</th> <th>486</th> <th>460</th> <th>323</th> <th>189</th> <th>108</th> <th>57</th> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Canada</td> <td>Aboriginal</td> <td>4,510</td> <td></td> <td>1,626</td> <td>2,870</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>15</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Greenland</td> <td>Aboriginal</td> <td>3,953</td> <td>875</td> <td>1,316</td> <td>1,679</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>37</td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>42</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Faroe Islands</td> <td>Aboriginal</td> <td>3,698</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3,698</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norway</td> <td>Commercial</td> <td>2,795</td> <td>2,795</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Japan</td> <td>Commercial</td> <td>2,080</td> <td>1,396</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>486</td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td>187</td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>USA</td> <td>Aboriginal</td> <td>1,887</td> <td></td> <td>1,586</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>301</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Aboriginal</td> <td>948</td> <td></td> <td>303</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>642</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iceland</td> <td>Commercial</td> <td>648</td> <td>229</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>419</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Korea</td> <td>Commercial</td> <td>376</td> <td>368</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indonesia</td> <td>Aboriginal</td> <td>100</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>100</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>St. Vincent + Grenadines</td> <td>Aboriginal</td> <td>13</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>13</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Most of the whale species in the table are not considered endangered by the IUCN ("least concern" or "data deficient"). Only the <a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">sei whale</a> is classified as "endangered", and the <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whale</a> is classified as "vulnerable" by the IUCN. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ongoing_debate">Ongoing debate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ongoing debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Whale_conservation" title="Whale conservation">Whale conservation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-whaling" title="Anti-whaling">Anti-whaling</a></div> <p>Key elements of the debate over whaling include sustainability, ownership, national sovereignty, <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_intelligence" title="Cetacean intelligence">cetacean intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">suffering</a> during hunting, health risks, the value of 'lethal sampling' to establish catch quotas, the value of controlling whales' impact on fish stocks and the rapidly approaching extinction of a few whale species. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustainability">Sustainability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sustainability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_bycatch" title="Cetacean bycatch">Cetacean bycatch</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg/220px-Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg/330px-Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg/440px-Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dominoes" title="Dominoes">Dominoes</a> made from whale bones</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baleines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Baleines.png/220px-Baleines.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Baleines.png/330px-Baleines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Baleines.png/440px-Baleines.png 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Whales caught, by year, including corrected USSR totals; source has data by species; totals are shown on a logarithmic scale</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a> says that 90% of all <a href="/wiki/Northern_right_whale" title="Northern right whale">northern right whales</a> killed by human activities are from ship collisions, calling for restrictions on the movement of shipping in certain areas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Noise pollution threatens the existence of cetaceans. Large ships and boats make a tremendous amount of noise that falls into the same frequency range of many whales.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">Bycatch</a> also kills more animals than hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scientists believe pollution to be a factor.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCsci_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCsci-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, since the IWC moratorium, there have been several instances of illegal whale hunting by IWC nations. In 1994, the IWC reported evidence from <a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing">genetic testing</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of whale meat and blubber for sale on the open market in Japan in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the legally permitted minke whale, the analyses showed that 10–25% of tissues sampled came from non-minke <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whale" title="Baleen whale">baleen whales</a>. Further research in 1995 and 1996 showed a significant drop of non-minke baleen whales sampled to 2.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a separate paper, Baker stated that "many of these animals certainly represent a bycatch (incidental entrapment in fishing gear)" and stated that DNA monitoring of whale meat is required to adequately track whale products.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was revealed in 1994 that the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> had been systematically undercounting its catch. For example, from 1948 to 1973, the Soviet Union caught 48,477 humpback whales rather than the 2,710 it officially reported to the IWC.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the basis of this new information, the IWC stated that it would have to rewrite its catch figures for the last 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ray Gambell, then-Secretary of the IWC, the organization had raised its suspicions with the former Soviet Union, but it did not take further action because it could not interfere with national sovereignty.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_risks">Health risks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Health risks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Whale_meat#Toxicity" title="Whale meat">Whale meat § Toxicity</a></div> <p>Whales are long-lived predators, so their tissues build up concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Methylmercury" title="Methylmercury">methylmercury</a> from their prey. Mercury concentrations reach levels that are hazardous to humans who consume too much too often, since mercury also bioaccumulates in humans. High levels have been found in the Caribbean<sup id="cite_ref-mcc_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcc-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (where people are advised not to exceed one serving every three weeks),<sup id="cite_ref-fielding_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fielding-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Faroe Islands,<sup id="cite_ref-weihe_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weihe-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-simm_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simm-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects_on_global_carbon_cycles">Effects on global carbon cycles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Effects on global carbon cycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scientists have analyzed the ability of the oceans to <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">sequester atmospheric carbon</a> before industrial whaling and in modern times, hundreds of years after the most active whaling periods. Focusing on the amount of carbon stored in baleen whales, scientists determined that large marine mammals hold over 9 million less tons of carbon in the ocean than during the pre whaling era (9.1 x 10^6 tons).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whales play an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_cycle" title="Carbon cycle">carbon cycle</a> in life and death. Living whales cycle carbon and nitrogen throughout the <a href="/wiki/Water_column" title="Water column">water column</a> via <a href="/wiki/Whale_feces" title="Whale feces">whale feces</a> where it can contribute to <a href="/wiki/Primary_production" title="Primary production">primary productivity</a> at the surface. In death, their carcasses can become part of a <a href="/wiki/Whale_fall" title="Whale fall">whale fall</a> and sink to the bottom, bringing their carbon with them to help form a temporary ecosystem at the ocean floor. Despite rebounding whale numbers after the international ban on whaling, climate change and rising carbon levels continue to hinder the amount of carbon sequestered by whales.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Whaling in the Netherlands">Whaling in the Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Scotland" title="Whaling in Scotland">Whaling in Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Argentina" title="Whaling in Argentina">Whaling in Argentina</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Australia" title="Whaling in Australia">Whaling in Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Sea_Whale_Fishery,_lithographic_print_painted_by_Garnerey,_engraved_by_E._Duncan,_published_1835.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/South_Sea_Whale_Fishery%2C_lithographic_print_painted_by_Garnerey%2C_engraved_by_E._Duncan%2C_published_1835.jpg/220px-South_Sea_Whale_Fishery%2C_lithographic_print_painted_by_Garnerey%2C_engraved_by_E._Duncan%2C_published_1835.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/South_Sea_Whale_Fishery%2C_lithographic_print_painted_by_Garnerey%2C_engraved_by_E._Duncan%2C_published_1835.jpg/330px-South_Sea_Whale_Fishery%2C_lithographic_print_painted_by_Garnerey%2C_engraved_by_E._Duncan%2C_published_1835.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/South_Sea_Whale_Fishery%2C_lithographic_print_painted_by_Garnerey%2C_engraved_by_E._Duncan%2C_published_1835.jpg/440px-South_Sea_Whale_Fishery%2C_lithographic_print_painted_by_Garnerey%2C_engraved_by_E._Duncan%2C_published_1835.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1357" /></a><figcaption>Catching and rendering whales, South Sea Whale Fishery, aquatint print, 1835</figcaption></figure> <p>Whaling was a major maritime industry in Australia from 1791 until its final cessation in 1978. At least 45 whaling stations operated in <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> during the 19th century, and bay whaling was conducted out of other mainland centres. Modern whaling using harpoon guns and iron hulled catchers was conducted in the 20th century from shore-based stations in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, also in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>. Overfishing saw the closure of some whaling stations before a government ban on the industry was introduced in 1978 after a major campaign by conservationists.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Canada" title="Whaling in Canada">Whaling in Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beluga_Hunt_Salluit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beluga_Hunt_Salluit.jpg/220px-Beluga_Hunt_Salluit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beluga_Hunt_Salluit.jpg/330px-Beluga_Hunt_Salluit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beluga_Hunt_Salluit.jpg/440px-Beluga_Hunt_Salluit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3598" data-file-height="2385" /></a><figcaption>Young butchered <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga</a> on the beach of the <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> village of <a href="/wiki/Salluit" title="Salluit">Salluit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, July 2001</figcaption></figure> <p>Canadians kill about 600 narwhals per year.<sup id="cite_ref-narwhals_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narwhals-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They kill 100 belugas per year in the <a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Sea" title="Beaufort Sea">Beaufort Sea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sar2017_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sar2017-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sar-draft_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sar-draft-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 300 in northern Quebec (<a href="/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik">Nunavik</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-nunatsiak_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nunatsiak-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an unknown number in <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale#Beluga_catches_by_location" title="Beluga whale">total annual kill</a> in Beaufort and Quebec areas varies between 300 and 400 belugas per year. Numbers are not available for Nunavut since 2003, when the <a href="/wiki/Arviat" title="Arviat">Arviat</a> area, with about half Nunavut's hunters, killed 200–300 belugas, though the authors say hunters resist giving complete numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-suluk_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suluk-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harvested meat is sold through shops and supermarkets in northern communities where whale meat is a component of the traditional diet.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hunters in <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a> rarely eat beluga meat. They give a little to dogs and leave the rest for wild animals.<sup id="cite_ref-hoover_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoover-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other areas may dry the meat for later consumption by humans. An average of one or two vertebrae and one or two teeth per beluga or narwhal are carved and sold.<sup id="cite_ref-hoover_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoover-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One estimate of the annual gross value received from Beluga hunts in Hudson Bay in 2013 was <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$600,000</span> for 190 belugas, or <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$3,000</span> per beluga, and<span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$530,000</span> for 81 narwhals, or <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$6,500</span> per narwhal. However the net income, after subtracting costs in time and equipment, was a loss of <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$60</span> per person for belugas and <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$7</span> per person for narwhals. Hunts receive subsidies, but they continue as a tradition rather than for the money, and the economic analysis noted that whale watching may be an alternate revenue source. Of the gross income, <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$550,000</span> was for beluga skin and meat, to replace beef, pork and chickens which would otherwise be bought, <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$50,000</span> was received for carved vertebrae and teeth. <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$370,000</span> was for narwhal skin and meat, <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$150,000</span> was received for tusks, and carved vertebrae and teeth of males, and <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$10,000</span> was received for carved vertebrae and teeth of female narwhals.<sup id="cite_ref-hoover_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoover-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Whale_and_Dolphin_Conservation" title="Whale and Dolphin Conservation">Whale and Dolphin Conservation</a> says:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2018)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> "Canada has pursued a policy of marine mammal management which appears to be more to do with political expediency rather than conservation." </p><p>Canada left the IWC in 1982, and the only IWC-regulated species currently harvested by the Canadian Inuit is the bowhead whale.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2004, the limit on bowhead whale hunting allows for the hunt of one whale every two years from the Hudson Bay-Foxe Basin population, and one whale every 13 years from the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait population.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Faroe_Islands">Faroe Islands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Faroe Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Whaling in the Faroe Islands">Whaling in the Faroe Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Killed_pilot_wales_in_hvalba,_faroe_islands_crop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Killed_pilot_wales_in_hvalba%2C_faroe_islands_crop.JPG/220px-Killed_pilot_wales_in_hvalba%2C_faroe_islands_crop.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Killed_pilot_wales_in_hvalba%2C_faroe_islands_crop.JPG/330px-Killed_pilot_wales_in_hvalba%2C_faroe_islands_crop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Killed_pilot_wales_in_hvalba%2C_faroe_islands_crop.JPG/440px-Killed_pilot_wales_in_hvalba%2C_faroe_islands_crop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>Killed <a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">pilot whales</a> on the beach in <a href="/wiki/Hvalba" title="Hvalba">Hvalba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The traditional whale hunt, known as <i>grindadráp</i>, is regulated by Faroese authorities but not by the IWC, which does not claim jurisdiction over small cetaceans. Around 800 <a href="/wiki/Long-finned_pilot_whale" title="Long-finned pilot whale">long-finned pilot whales</a> (<i>Globicephala melaena</i>) are caught each year, mainly during the summer. Other species are not hunted, though occasionally <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_white-sided_dolphin" title="Atlantic white-sided dolphin">Atlantic white-sided dolphin</a> can be found among the pilot whales. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greenland">Greenland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Greenland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whales_Nordic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Whales_Nordic.png/220px-Whales_Nordic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Whales_Nordic.png/330px-Whales_Nordic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Whales_Nordic.png/440px-Whales_Nordic.png 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Whales caught per year</figcaption></figure> <p>The Inuit mastered the art of whaling around the 11 century AD in the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a>. The technique consisted of spearing a whale with a spear connected to an inflated seal bladder. The bladder would float and exhaust the whale when diving, and when it surfaced the Inuit hunters would spear it again, further exhausting the animal until they were able to kill it. <a href="/wiki/Vikings_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikings in Greenland">Vikings in Greenland</a> also ate whale meat, but archaeologists believe they never hunted them on the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Greenlandic Inuit whalers catch around 175 large whales per year, mostly minke whales,<sup id="cite_ref-iwctotal_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwctotal-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as 360 narwhals,<sup id="cite_ref-narwhals_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narwhals-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 200 belugas,<sup id="cite_ref-Heide-Jorgensen_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heide-Jorgensen-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-beluga_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beluga-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 190 pilot whales and 2,300 porpoises.<sup id="cite_ref-statgl_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statgl-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of Greenland sets limits for narwhals and belugas. There are no limits on pilot whales and porpoises.<sup id="cite_ref-admin_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admin-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IWC treats the west and east coasts of Greenland as two separate population areas and sets separate quotas for each coast. The far more densely populated west coast accounts for over 90% of the catch. The average per year from 2012 to 2016 was around 150 minke and 17 fin whales and humpback whales taken from west coast waters and around 10 minke from east coast waters. In April 2009 Greenland landed its first bowhead whale in nearly 40 years. It landed three bowheads each year in 2009 and 2010, one each in 2011 and 2015. </p><p>In 2021 the <a href="/wiki/Sermersooq" title="Sermersooq">Sermersooq</a> municipal council banned whaling in <a href="/wiki/Nuup_Kangerlua" title="Nuup Kangerlua">Nuup Kangerlua</a>, one of the largest fjords in inhabited areas of Greenland. The council did not want hunting to kill the humpback whales seen by the local tourism industry. Before local humpback hunting resumed in 2010 there had been nine humpbacks in the fjord during summer. When hunting resumed some were killed and others left.<sup id="cite_ref-hakai-p_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hakai-p-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-high_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-high-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sermersooq has not banned whaling elsewhere in the municipality, which is the world's largest municipality, at 200,000 square miles on both coasts. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally one of the most successful whaling nations, German whaling vessels started from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and other smaller cities on the <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a> River, hunting for whales around Greenland and <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a>. While 1770 is recorded to have been the most successful year of German whaling, German whaling went into steep decline with the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> and never really recovered. After the Napoleonic Wars, Germany tried but could never re-establish a successful whaling industry. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>German whaling ships in the mid to late 19th century would generally not be staffed with experienced sailors but rather with members of more wealthy farming communities, going for short trips to <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> during the end of spring and beginning of summer, when their labor was not required on the fields. This kind of whaling was ineffective. Many journeys would not lead to any whales caught, instead seal- and polar bear skins were brought back to shore. Communities often paid more for equipping the vessels in the first place than making money with the goods brought back to shore. Today, local historians believe that German whaling in the late 19th century was more a rite of passage for the sons of wealthy farmers from northern German islands than an action undertaken for true commercial reason. German whaling was abandoned in 1872. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the newly established <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> attempted to re-establish large scale German whaling. This was undertaken with ships either going from Germany to Iceland or from the newly established <a href="/wiki/List_of_former_German_colonies" title="List of former German colonies">German colonies</a> to African waters. These attempts never were commercially successful and quickly given up. Only in the 1930s could Germany—with mainly Norwegian personnel—re-establish a large and successful whaling industry. More than 15,000 whales were caught between 1930 and 1939. With the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, German whaling was abandoned completely. In the early 1950s, Germany maintained one whaling vessel for testing purpose as it considered re-establishing a German whaling fleet, but abandoned these plans in 1956. The last remaining German whalers worked for Dutch vessels in the 1950s and 1960s. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iceland">Iceland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Iceland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Iceland" title="Whaling in Iceland">Whaling in Iceland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iceland,_Hvalfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur_(14),_abandoned_whaling_ships_and_factory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Iceland%2C_Hvalfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur_%2814%29%2C_abandoned_whaling_ships_and_factory.jpg/220px-Iceland%2C_Hvalfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur_%2814%29%2C_abandoned_whaling_ships_and_factory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Iceland%2C_Hvalfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur_%2814%29%2C_abandoned_whaling_ships_and_factory.jpg/330px-Iceland%2C_Hvalfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur_%2814%29%2C_abandoned_whaling_ships_and_factory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Iceland%2C_Hvalfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur_%2814%29%2C_abandoned_whaling_ships_and_factory.jpg/440px-Iceland%2C_Hvalfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur_%2814%29%2C_abandoned_whaling_ships_and_factory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Hvalur hf.'s whaling station at Hvalfjörður (2023), with 2 abandoned whaling vessels. It owns 2 similar operational ships.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mink_Whale_Meat_Iceland.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mink_Whale_Meat_Iceland.JPG/220px-Mink_Whale_Meat_Iceland.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mink_Whale_Meat_Iceland.JPG/330px-Mink_Whale_Meat_Iceland.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mink_Whale_Meat_Iceland.JPG/440px-Mink_Whale_Meat_Iceland.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Minke whale meat kebabs, sold in Reykjavík, Iceland, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Iceland is one of a handful of countries which still host a (privately owned) whaling fleet. One company (<a href="/wiki/Hvalur_hf." title="Hvalur hf.">Hvalur hf.</a>) concentrates on hunting fin whales, largely for export to Japan, while the only other one hunts minke whales for domestic consumption, as the meat is <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Iceland" title="Tourism in Iceland">popular with tourists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iceland has its own <a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">whale watching</a> sector, which exists in uneasy tension with the whaling industry.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iceland did not object to the 1986 IWC moratorium. Between 1986 and 1989 around 60 animals per year were taken under a scientific permit. However, under strong pressure from anti-whaling countries, who viewed scientific whaling as a circumvention of the moratorium,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Iceland ceased whaling in 1989. Following the IWC's 1991 refusal to accept its Scientific Committee's recommendation to allow sustainable commercial whaling, Iceland left the IWC in 1992. </p><p>Iceland rejoined the IWC in 2002 with a reservation to the moratorium. Iceland presented a feasibility study to the 2003 IWC meeting for catches in 2003 and 2004. The primary aim of the study was to deepen the understanding of fish–whale interactions. Amid disagreement within the IWC Scientific Committee about the value of the research and its relevance to IWC objectives,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> no decision on the proposal was reached. However, under the terms of the convention the Icelandic government issued permits for a scientific catch. In 2003 Iceland resumed scientific whaling which continued in 2004 and 2005. </p><p>Iceland resumed commercial whaling in 2006. Its annual quota was 30 minke whales (out of an estimated 174,000 animals in the central and north-eastern North Atlantic<sup id="cite_ref-IWCEstimate_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWCEstimate-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and nine fin whales (out of an estimated 30,000 animals in the central and north-eastern North Atlantic<sup id="cite_ref-IWCEstimate_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWCEstimate-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). For the 2012 commercial whaling season, starting in April and lasting six months, the quota was set to 216 minke whales,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which 52 were caught.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iceland did not hunt any whales in 2019, and it is reported that demand for whale meat decreased in that year.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Walvisvaarders_bij_Lamakera_Solor_ten_oosten_van_Flores_TMnr_10010872.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Walvisvaarders_bij_Lamakera_Solor_ten_oosten_van_Flores_TMnr_10010872.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Walvisvaarders_bij_Lamakera_Solor_ten_oosten_van_Flores_TMnr_10010872.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Walvisvaarders_bij_Lamakera_Solor_ten_oosten_van_Flores_TMnr_10010872.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Walvisvaarders_bij_Lamakera_Solor_ten_oosten_van_Flores_TMnr_10010872.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Walvisvaarders_bij_Lamakera_Solor_ten_oosten_van_Flores_TMnr_10010872.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Walvisvaarders_bij_Lamakera_Solor_ten_oosten_van_Flores_TMnr_10010872.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Lamakera whale hunters in a traditional boat called <a href="/wiki/Paledang" title="Paledang">paledang</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Lamalera, on the south coast of the island of <a href="/wiki/Lembata" title="Lembata">Lembata</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lamakera" title="Lamakera">Lamakera</a> on neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Solor" title="Solor">Solor</a>, are the two remaining Indonesian whaling communities. The hunters obey religious taboos that ensure that they use every part of the animal. About half of the catch is kept in the village; the rest is bartered in local markets. </p><p>In 1973, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO) sent a whaling ship and a Norwegian whaler to modernize their hunt. This effort lasted three years and was not successful. According to the FAO report, the Lamalerans "have evolved a method of whaling which suits their natural resources, cultural tenets and style."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lamalerans say they returned the ship because they immediately caught five sperm whales, too many to butcher and eat without refrigeration.<sup id="cite_ref-smh_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smh-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since these communities only hunt whales for noncommercial purposes, it is categorized as 'aboriginal subsistence hunters' by the IWC.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bewoners_van_kampong_Lamakera_bekijken_een_gevangen_walvis_Noordoost-Solor_TMnr_10006615.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bewoners_van_kampong_Lamakera_bekijken_een_gevangen_walvis_Noordoost-Solor_TMnr_10006615.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bewoners_van_kampong_Lamakera_bekijken_een_gevangen_walvis_Noordoost-Solor_TMnr_10006615.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bewoners_van_kampong_Lamakera_bekijken_een_gevangen_walvis_Noordoost-Solor_TMnr_10006615.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bewoners_van_kampong_Lamakera_bekijken_een_gevangen_walvis_Noordoost-Solor_TMnr_10006615.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bewoners_van_kampong_Lamakera_bekijken_een_gevangen_walvis_Noordoost-Solor_TMnr_10006615.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bewoners_van_kampong_Lamakera_bekijken_een_gevangen_walvis_Noordoost-Solor_TMnr_10006615.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>The catch of lamakerans</figcaption></figure> <p>The Lamalerans hunt for several species of whales but catching sperm whales are preferable, while other whales, such as baleen whales, are considered taboo to hunt.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They caught five sperm whales in 1973; they averaged about 40 per year from the 1960s through the mid 1990s, 13 total from 2002 to 2006, 39 in 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-smh_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smh-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an average of 20 per year 2008 through 2014, and caught 3 in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-spice_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spice-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditional Lamaleran whaling used wooden fishing boats built by a group of local craftsmen clan called <i>ata molã,</i> and the fishermen will mourn the "death" of their ships for two months.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These days, the Lamalerans use a motor engine to power their boats; however, their tradition dictates that once a whale has been caught, fishermen will have to row their boats and the whale back to the shore. The traditional practices made whaling a dangerous hunt. In one case, a boat was pulled approximately 120 km away towards <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Nantucket_sleighride" title="Nantucket sleighride">Nantucket sleighride</a>), while in another case, the hunted whale capsized the boat and forced the fishermen to swim for 12 hours back to the shore.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Japan" title="Whaling in Japan">Whaling in Japan</a></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Whaling_in_Taiji.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese narrative screen showing a whale hunt off Wakayama"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Traditional_Whaling_in_Taiji.jpg/1000px-Traditional_Whaling_in_Taiji.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Traditional_Whaling_in_Taiji.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Whaling_in_Taiji.jpg" title="File:Traditional Whaling in Taiji.jpg"> </a></div>Japanese narrative screen showing a whale hunt off <a href="/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecture" title="Wakayama Prefecture">Wakayama</a></div></div></div> <p>When the commercial whaling moratorium was introduced by the IWC in 1982, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> lodged an official objection. However, in response to US threats to cut Japan's fishing quota in US territorial waters under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Packwood</a>-Magnuson Amendment, Japan withdrew its objection in 1987. According to the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, the US went back on this promise, effectively destroying the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Japan could not resume commercial whaling, it began whaling on a purported scientific-research basis. <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Marine_Conservation_Society" title="Australian Marine Conservation Society">Australian Marine Conservation Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_Shepherd_Conservation_Society" title="Sea Shepherd Conservation Society">Sea Shepherd Conservation Society</a> and other groups dispute the Japanese claim of research "as a disguise for commercial whaling, which is banned."<sup id="cite_ref-timesonline.co.uk_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesonline.co.uk-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg.com_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg.com-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sea_Shepherd_Conservation_Society" title="Sea Shepherd Conservation Society">Sea Shepherd Conservation Society</a> has attempted to disrupt Japanese whaling in the Antarctic since 2003 but eventually ceased this activity in 2017 due to little achievement in creating change.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other NGOs such as the Australian Marine Conservation Society and <a href="/wiki/Humane_Society_International" title="Humane Society International">Humane Society International</a> continued to campaign against Japan's scientific whaling program and block votes at IWC to bring back commercial whaling. </p><p>The stated purpose of the research program is to establish the size and dynamics of whale populations.<sup id="cite_ref-Q&A_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q&A-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese government wishes to resume whaling in a sustainable manner under the oversight of the IWC, both for whale products (meat, etc.) and to help preserve fishing resources by culling whales. Anti-whaling organizations claim that the research program is a front for commercial whaling, that the sample size is needlessly large and that equivalent information can be obtained by non-lethal means, for example by studying samples of whale tissue (such as skin) or feces.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese government sponsored <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cetacean_Research" title="Institute of Cetacean Research">Institute of Cetacean Research</a> (ICR), which conducts the research, disagrees, stating that the information obtainable from tissue and/or feces samples is insufficient and that the sample size is necessary in order to be representative.<sup id="cite_ref-Q&A_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q&A-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg/220px-Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg/330px-Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg/440px-Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>An adult and sub-adult <a href="/wiki/Minke_whale" title="Minke whale">minke whale</a> are dragged aboard the <i><a href="/wiki/Nisshin_Maru" title="Nisshin Maru">Nisshin Maru</a></i>, a Japanese whaling vessel.</figcaption></figure><p> Japan's scientific whaling program is controversial in <a href="/wiki/Anti-whaling" title="Anti-whaling">anti-whaling</a> countries.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Countries opposed to whaling have passed non-binding resolutions in the IWC urging Japan to stop the program. Japan claims that whale stocks for some species are sufficiently large to sustain commercial hunting and blame filibustering by the anti-whaling side for the continuation of scientific whaling. Deputy whaling commissioner, Joji Morishita, told <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>:</p><blockquote><p>The reason for the moratorium [on commercial whaling] was scientific uncertainty about the number of whales. ... It was a moratorium for the sake of collecting data and that is why we started scientific whaling. We were asked to collect more data.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>This collusive relationship between the whaling industry and the Japanese government is sometimes criticized by pro-whaling activists who support local, small-scale coastal whaling such as the <a href="/wiki/Taiji_dolphin_drive_hunt" title="Taiji dolphin drive hunt">Taiji dolphin drive hunt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Dolphin_Drive_Hunt_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Dolphin_Drive_Hunt-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2018, Japan chaired the 67th IWC meeting in Brazil and attempted to pass a motion to lift the moratorium on commercial whaling. Japan did not receive enough votes and the IWC rejected the motion.<sup id="cite_ref-marineconservation.org.au_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marineconservation.org.au-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, on 26 December 2018, Japan announced that it would withdraw its membership from the IWC, because in its opinion, the IWC had failed its duty to promote <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_hunting" title="Sustainable hunting">sustainable hunting</a> as the culture within the IWC moved towards an anti-whaling, pro-conservation agenda. Japanese officials also announced they will resume commercial hunting within its territorial waters and its 200-mile <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zones</a> starting in July 2019, but it will cease whaling activities in the Antarctic Ocean, the northwest Pacific Ocean, and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Whale_Sanctuary" title="Australian Whale Sanctuary">Australian Whale Sanctuary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_Dec_2018_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_Dec_2018-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Dec_2018_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Dec_2018-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marineconservation.org.au_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marineconservation.org.au-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the Australian Marine Conservation Society and <a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Animal_Welfare" title="International Fund for Animal Welfare">International Fund for Animal Welfare</a> commissioned legal opinion, which concluded that Japan's commercial whaling program within its territorial waters breaks international convention and law and that Japan makes itself vulnerable to potential international legal action.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Norway" title="Whaling in Norway">Whaling in Norway</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NorwegianWhaleCatches.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/NorwegianWhaleCatches.png/220px-NorwegianWhaleCatches.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/NorwegianWhaleCatches.png/330px-NorwegianWhaleCatches.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/NorwegianWhaleCatches.png/440px-NorwegianWhaleCatches.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="309" /></a><figcaption>Norwegian catches (1946–2005) in red and quotas (1994–2006) in blue of minke whale, from Norwegian official statistics</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> registered an objection to the International Whaling Commission moratorium and is thus not bound by it. Commercial whaling ceased for a five-year period to allow a small scientific catch for gauging the stock's sustainability; whaling subsequently resumed in 1993. Minke whales are the only legally hunted species. Catches have fluctuated between 487 animals in 2000 to 592 in 2007. For the year 2011 the quota is set at 1,286 <a href="/wiki/Minke_whale" title="Minke whale">minke whales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The catch is made solely from the Northeast Atlantic minke whale population, which is estimated at 102,000.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Philippines" title="Whaling in the Philippines">Whaling in the Philippines</a></div> <p>Whaling in the Philippines has been illegal since 1997 since the Fisheries Administrative Order 185 of 1991 was amended. The order initially only made illegal the catching, selling, or transporting of dolphins but the 1997 amendment widened the scope of the ban to include all <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">cetaceans</a> including whales.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The calls for ban on whaling and dolphin hunting in the Philippines were raised by both domestic and international groups after local whaling and dolphin hunting traditions of residents of <a href="/wiki/Pamilacan" title="Pamilacan">Pamilacan</a> in Bohol were featured in newspapers in the 1990s. As compromise for residents of Pamilacan who were dependent on whaling and dolphin hunting, whale and dolphin watching is being promoted in the island as a source of tourism income.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the ban, it is believed that the whaling industry in the Philippines did not cease to exist but went underground.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russia" title="Whaling in the Soviet Union and Russia">Whaling in the Soviet Union and Russia</a></div> <p>USSR had a significant whaling hunt of orcas and dolphins along with Iceland and Japan. The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s harvest of over 534,000 whales between the 1930s and the 1980s has been called "one of the most senseless environmental crimes of the 20th century" by Charles Homans of the <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Standard" title="Pacific Standard">Pacific Standard</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, a study published by Bigg M.A. following photographic recognition of orcas found a significant difference in the suspected ages of whale populations and their actual ages. Following this evidence, the Soviet Union and then Russia continued a scientific whale hunt, though the verisimilitude of the intentions of the hunt over the last 40 years are questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Soviet Union's intensive illegal whaling program from 1948 to 1973 was controlled and managed by the central government. In Soviet society, whaling was perceived to be a glamorous and well-paid job. Whalers were esteemed as well-traveled adventurers, and their return to land was often celebrated elaborately such as with fanfare and parades. In regard to economics, the Soviet Union transformed from a "rural economy into an industrial giant" by disregarding the sustainability of a resource to fill high production targets.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government had controlled all industries, including fisheries, and whaling was not constrained by the need for sustainability through profits. Managers' and workers' production was incentivized with salary bonuses of 25%-60% and various other benefits, awards, and privileges. Many industries, whaling included, became a "manic numbers game".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently, the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_people" title="Chukchi people">Chukchi people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka Autonomous Okrug</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a> are permitted under IWC regulation to take up to 140 <a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">gray whales</a> from the North-East Pacific population each year. About 40<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (April 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga whales</a> are caught in the Sea of Okhotsk each year.<sup id="cite_ref-bettridge_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bettridge-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no recent data on catches in the Arctic Ocean or Bering Sea, where about 60 belugas per year were caught in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-burns_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burns-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whalemeat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Whalemeat.jpg/220px-Whalemeat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Whalemeat.jpg/330px-Whalemeat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Whalemeat.jpg/440px-Whalemeat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Boy in <a href="/wiki/Bequia" title="Bequia">Bequia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Grenadines" title="Grenadines">Grenadines</a> carrying meat of a <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whale</a> (2007)</figcaption></figure> <p>Natives of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Bequia" title="Bequia">Bequia</a> have a quota from the International Whaling Commission of up to four <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whales</a> per year.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their quota allows up to four humpback whales per year using only traditional hunting methods of hand-thrown harpoons in small, open sailboats. The limit is rarely met, with no catch some years.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamaguchi2013_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamaguchi2013-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its classification as aboriginal, and therefore permissible, is highly contested. In the 2012 meeting of the IWC, delegates from several anti-whaling countries, and environmental groups, spoke out against it, calling it "artisanal whaling out of control".<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The meat is sold commercially and 82% of Bequia residents consume it at least occasionally, though it is subject to high levels of methyl mercury.<sup id="cite_ref-fielding_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fielding-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Residents of the town of <a href="/wiki/Barrouallie" title="Barrouallie">Barrouallie</a> hunt and sell meat from short-finned pilot whales and several dolphin species, including killer whales and false killer whales. 92% of people from the town, and high fractions from nearby towns, eat this meat at least occasionally. Sellers call this meat "black fish" without regard to species. Its levels of <a href="/wiki/Methyl_mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl mercury">methyl mercury</a> mean that consumption needs to be less than a serving every three weeks. However the mercury danger is not well known in the country. As of 2020 the government is considering banning the hunt of killer whales.<sup id="cite_ref-fielding_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fielding-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commercial whaling was banned in 1986 in South Korea in keeping with the IWC issued global moratorium on whale hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early July 2012, during IWC discussions in Panama, South Korea said it would undertake scientific whaling as allowed despite the global moratorium on whaling. Due to a loud global outcry, South Korea abandoned this plan and has not resumed any form of whaling program.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is still a loophole in South Korean laws that allows fishermen to keep any bycatch including whales. All whales caught accidentally must be reported and is then inspected for harpoon injuries. The meat from these whales can then be sold, which can be very lucrative for fishermen who can earn up to 200 million won ($150,000 US) per minke whale. This loophole has led to high numbers of whale, dolphin and other cetacean deaths. In 2023, the number was 866 recorded deaths, which is a sizable reduction from a high of 2,014 cases in 2019 and 1,066 in 2022, but is still worryingly high.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fishermen who abuse this loophole have been arrested and prosecuted, but activists have spoken out against this loophole, and demanded more protections for whales and better accounting for those caught and killed.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to their concern, and the higher than the global average numbers of bycatch cetacean deaths,15 members of the Korean Parliament put forward a bill in 2023 to ban the consumption of whale meat and to have a more rigorous inspection of all whale carcasses by Coast Guards. Activists also want to have a database created that would help authorities spot more easily those who are using the loophole to illegally hunt whales.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bill raises hopes for better protections for whales but it will have to face a culture with deep historical, geographical and cultural ties to whale meat, and opposition from the commercial fishing industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_104-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Whaling in the United Kingdom">Whaling in the United Kingdom</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whaling_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whaling-dangers_of_the_whale_fishery.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Whaling-dangers_of_the_whale_fishery.jpeg/220px-Whaling-dangers_of_the_whale_fishery.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Whaling-dangers_of_the_whale_fishery.jpeg/330px-Whaling-dangers_of_the_whale_fishery.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Whaling-dangers_of_the_whale_fishery.jpeg/440px-Whaling-dangers_of_the_whale_fishery.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1172" data-file-height="1041" /></a><figcaption><i>Dangers of the Whale Fishery</i>, 1820. One <a href="/wiki/Whaleboat" title="Whaleboat">whaleboat</a> is up-ended, and another has a taut line, showing that the whale it harpooned may take the sailors on a <a href="/wiki/Nantucket_sleighride" title="Nantucket sleighride">Nantucket sleighride</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Commercial whaling in Great Britain began late in the 16th century and continued after the 1801 formation of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and intermittently until the middle of the 20th century. </p><p>The trade was broadly divided into two branches. The northern fishery involved hunting the <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">bowhead whale</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and adjacent islands. The southern fishery was activity anywhere else, including in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian</a> Oceans and off the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale" title="Southern right whale">southern right whale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whale</a> were the main target species in South Sea whaling. The industry went on to become a profitable national enterprise and a source of skilled <a href="/wiki/Mariner" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariner">mariners</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> in times of war. </p> <a href="/wiki/Whaler#Modern_Era" title="Whaler">Modern whaling</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Factory_ship" title="Factory ship">factory ships</a> and catchers fitted with <a href="/wiki/Harpoon_cannon" title="Harpoon cannon">bow-mounted cannons</a> that fired <a href="/wiki/Explosive_harpoon" title="Explosive harpoon">explosive harpoons</a>, continued into the 20th century and was mainly focused on the Antarctic and nearby islands where <a href="/wiki/Whaling_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Whaling station">shore stations</a> had been established. The collapse of whale stocks in the 1960s, due to <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a>, saw the UK abandon the industry after three and a half centuries of involvement.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_United_States" title="Whaling in the United States">Whaling in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopson_Whaling_Crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hopson_Whaling_Crew.jpg/220px-Hopson_Whaling_Crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hopson_Whaling_Crew.jpg/330px-Hopson_Whaling_Crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hopson_Whaling_Crew.jpg/440px-Hopson_Whaling_Crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>A traditional whaling crew in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whales_party_for_oil_wells.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Whales_party_for_oil_wells.JPG/220px-Whales_party_for_oil_wells.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Whales_party_for_oil_wells.JPG/330px-Whales_party_for_oil_wells.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Whales_party_for_oil_wells.JPG/440px-Whales_party_for_oil_wells.JPG 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="724" /></a><figcaption>Whales party upon <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_oil_rush" title="Pennsylvania oil rush">newly discovered oil in Pennsylvania</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)"><i>Vanity Fair</i></a> magazine on April 20, 1861</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, beluga whaling is widely carried out, catching about 300 belugas per year,<sup id="cite_ref-sar2017_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sar2017-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> monitored by the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee. The <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale#Beluga_catches_by_location" title="Beluga whale">annual catch</a> ranges between 250 and 600 per year. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_hunting_of_the_bowhead_whale" title="Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale">Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale</a> is carried out by nine different indigenous Alaskan communities, and is managed by the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission which reports to the <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. The hunt takes around 50 <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">bowhead whales</a> a year from a population of about 10,500 in Alaskan waters. Conservationists fear this hunt is not sustainable, though the IWC Scientific Committee, the same group that provided the above population estimate, projects a population growth of 3.2% per year. Bowhead whales weigh approximately 5–10 times as much as <a href="/wiki/Minke_whale" title="Minke whale">minke whales</a>. The hunt also took an average of one or two gray whales each year until 1996. The quota was reduced to zero in that year due to sustainability concerns. A future review may result in the gray whale hunt being resumed.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Makah_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Makah people">Makah</a> tribe in <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a> also reinstated whaling in 1999, despite protests from animal rights groups. They are currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> seeking to resume whaling of the <a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">gray whale</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a right recognized in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neah_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Neah Bay">Treaty of Neah Bay</a>, within limits (Article 4 of the Treaty). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; text-align:center; margin:0 1em 0 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Season </th> <th>Catch<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>2003 </th> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2004 </th> <td>43 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2005 </th> <td>68 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2006 </th> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2007 </th> <td>63 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">All catches in 2003–2007 were <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">bowhead whales</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">Harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flensing" title="Flensing">Flensing</a>, processing of caught whales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperm_whaling" title="Sperm whaling">Sperm whaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunting" title="Dolphin drive hunting">Dolphin drive hunting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/641450/whaling/225363/The-history-of-whaling">"whaling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica Online Encyclopedia</a></i>. 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=South+Korea+drops+plans+to+resume+whaling&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=McCurry&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fdec%2F06%2Fsouth-korea-drops-plan-whaling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhaling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_104-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3232345/south-korea-urged-ban-sale-whale-meat-disguised-lotto-sea-bycatch">"South Korea is failing whales, activists say as they call for bycatch ban"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 2023-08-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Nwr.noaa.gov. Retrieved on 2011-10-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwcoffice.org/meetings/chair2007.htm">2007 Chair's report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626020441/http://www.iwcoffice.org/meetings/chair2007.htm">Archived</a> June 26, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Iwcoffice.org. Retrieved on 2011-10-11.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakobina_Arch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakobina Arch (page does not exist)">Jakobina Arch</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bringing_Whales_Ashore" title="Bringing Whales Ashore">Bringing Whales Ashore</a>: Oceans and the Environment of Early Modern Japan.</i> Weyerhaeuser Environmental Books. (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Graham_Burnett" title="D. Graham Burnett">D. Graham Burnett</a>, <i>The Sounding of the Whale</i> (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2013)</li> <li>Mark Cioc, <i>The Game of Conservation: International Treaties to Protect the World's Migratory Species</i> (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2009), Chapter 3 "The Antarctic Whale Massacre", pp. 104–147</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurkpatrick_Dorsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurkpatrick Dorsey (page does not exist)">Kurkpatrick Dorsey</a>, "National Sovereignty, the International Whaling Commission, and the Save the Whales Movement," in <i>Nation-States and the Global Environment. New Approaches to International Environmental History</i>, Erika Marie Bsumek, David Kinkela and Mark Atwood Lawrence, eds., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 43–61</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurkpatrick_Dorsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurkpatrick Dorsey (page does not exist)">Kurkpatrick Dorsey</a>, <i>Whales and Nations: Environmental Diplomacy on the High Seas</i> (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2014)</li> <li>Charlotte Epstein, <i>The Power of Words in International Relations: Birth of an Anti-Whaling Discourse</i> (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005)</li> <li>Anna-Katharina Wöbse, <i>Weltnaturschutz: Umweltdiplomatie in Völkerbund und Vereinten Nationen, 1920–1950</i> (Frankfurt: Campus, 2011), Chapter 6 Der Reichtum der Meere, pp. 171–245</li> <li>Frank Zelko, <i>Make It a Green Peace!: The Rise of Countercultural Environmentalism</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), Chapters 7–9, pp. 161–231</li> <li>Lyubomir Ivanov and Nusha Ivanova. Whaling period. In: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364087925_The_World_of_Antarctica"><i>The World of Antarctica</i>.</a> Generis Publishing, 2022. pp. 91–94. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-88676-403-1" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-88676-403-1">979-8-88676-403-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaling&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Whaling" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Whaling">Whaling</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=19513a5d13964a48aa9d00973c8a9674#/">Digital version of The Grand Panorama of a Whaling Voyage 'Round the World</a> – The history and narratives of Purrington and Russell's Grand Panorama.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/whaling/">Into the Deep: America, Whaling & the World</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170213072214/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/whaling/player/">Archived</a> 2017-02-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – An <a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a> Documentary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uOQDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+mechanics+1930+aircraft&pg=PA787">"Old Whaling Days"</a>, <i>Popular Mechanics</i>, November 1930</li> <li>"The Cruise of the Cachalot" by Frank T. Bullen is a book published in 1899 which gives a good background to whaling of the times.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/3_1.html">On the Water: Fishing for a Living</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217165952/http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/3_1.html">Archived</a> 2020-12-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> – Online museum exhibition on maritime history from the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marineconservation.org.au/whaling/">Whaling</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200213033803/https://www.marineconservation.org.au/whaling/">Archived</a> 2020-02-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Australian Marine Conservation Society Whaling</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/whaling-logs/">Whaling depicted in ship logbooks' art</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Whaling103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Whaling" title="Template:Whaling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Whaling" title="Template talk:Whaling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Whaling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Whaling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Whaling103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whaling</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_whaling" title="History of whaling">History of whaling</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Argentina" title="Whaling in Argentina">Argentina</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Australia" title="Whaling in Australia">Australia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Western_Australia" title="Whaling in Western Australia">Western Australia</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Basque_whaling" title="History of Basque whaling">Basque Country</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imbituba#Whaling" title="Imbituba">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Canada" title="Whaling in Canada">Canada</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_on_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast" title="Whaling on the Pacific Northwest Coast">Pacific Northwest</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Chile" title="Whaling in Chile">Chile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Whaling in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Whaling in Germany">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Whaling in Greenland">Greenland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Iceland" title="Whaling in Iceland">Iceland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Japan" title="Whaling in Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Madagascar" title="Whaling in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Whaling in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_New_Zealand" title="Whaling in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Norway" title="Whaling in Norway">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Philippines" title="Whaling in the Philippines">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Whaling in Russia">Russia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Scotland" title="Whaling in Scotland">Scotland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Seychelles" title="Whaling in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_South_Africa" title="Whaling in South Africa">South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Whaling in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_United_States" title="Whaling in the United States">United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Harpoons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Explosive_harpoon" title="Explosive harpoon">Explosive harpoon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jarmann_harpoon_rifle" title="Jarmann harpoon rifle">Jarmann harpoon rifle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/One-flue_harpoon" title="One-flue harpoon">One-flue harpoon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Toggling_harpoon" title="Toggling harpoon">Toggling harpoon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-flue_harpoon" title="Two-flue harpoon">Two-flue harpoon</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hunting type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">Aboriginal whaling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunting" title="Dolphin drive hunting">Dolphin drive hunting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drift_whale" title="Drift whale">Drift whale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sperm_whaling" title="Sperm whaling">Sperm whaling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_hunting_of_the_bowhead_whale" title="Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale">Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">Whaling ship</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whaleboat" title="Whaleboat">Whaleboat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grindakn%C3%ADvur" title="Grindaknívur">Grindaknívur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harpoon_cannon" title="Harpoon cannon">Harpoon cannon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Head_spade" title="Head spade">Head spade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paledang" title="Paledang">Paledang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Try_pot" title="Try pot">Try pot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trywork" title="Trywork">Trywork</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ambergris" title="Ambergris">Ambergris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ambrein" title="Ambrein">Ambrein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baleen" title="Baleen">Baleen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blubber" title="Blubber">Blubber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cetyl_alcohol" title="Cetyl alcohol">Cetyl alcohol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muktuk" title="Muktuk">Muktuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scrimshaw" title="Scrimshaw">Scrimshaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spermaceti" title="Spermaceti">Spermaceti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sperm_oil" title="Sperm oil">Sperm oil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tabua" title="Tabua">Tabua</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whale_feces" title="Whale feces">Whale feces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">meat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">oil</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Whale_Unit" title="Blue Whale Unit">Blue Whale Unit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_for_the_Regulation_of_Whaling" title="International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling">International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cetacean_Research" title="Institute of Cetacean Research">Institute of Cetacean Research</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whale_conservation" title="Whale conservation">Whale conservation</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sanctuaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Whale_Sanctuary" title="Australian Whale Sanctuary">Australian Whale Sanctuary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Whale_Sanctuary" title="Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary">Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Whale_Sanctuary" title="South Pacific Whale Sanctuary">South Pacific Whale Sanctuary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean_Whale_Sanctuary" title="Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary">Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_Cetacea_species374" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cetacea" title="Template:Cetacea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cetacea" title="Template talk:Cetacea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cetacea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cetacea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_Cetacea_species374" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Infraclass <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a></li> <li>Suborder <a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parvorder_Mysticeti_(Baleen_whales)374" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parvorder <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whale" title="Baleen whale">Mysticeti <small>(Baleen whales)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balaenidae" title="Balaenidae">Balaenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">Balaena</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">Bowhead whale (<i>B. mysticetus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Right_whale" title="Right whale">Eubalaena</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Right whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale" title="Southern right whale">Southern right whale (<i>E. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whale (<i>E. glacialis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_right_whale" title="North Pacific right whale">North Pacific right whale (<i>E. japonica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">Balaenopteridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Rorquals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Balaenoptera" title="Balaenoptera">Balaenoptera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_minke_whale" title="Common minke whale">Common minke whale (<i>B. acutorostrata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_minke_whale" title="Antarctic minke whale">Antarctic minke whale (<i>B. bonaerensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">Sei whale (<i>B. borealis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Bryde's whale (<i>B. brydei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Pygmy Bryde's whale (<i>B. edeni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">Blue whale (<i>B. musculus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omura%27s_whale" title="Omura's whale">Omura's whale (<i>B. omurai</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">Fin whale (<i>B. physalus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice%27s_whale" title="Rice's whale">Rice's whale (<i>B. ricei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">Eschrichtius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">Gray whale (<i>E. robustus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Megaptera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Humpback whale (<i>M. novaeangliae</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cetotheriidae" title="Cetotheriidae">Cetotheriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Caperea33" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_right_whale" title="Pygmy right whale">Caperea</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_right_whale" title="Pygmy right whale">Pygmy right whale (<i>C. marginata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parvorder_Odontoceti_(Toothed_whales)374" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parvorder <a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">Odontoceti <small>(Toothed whales)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_dolphin" title="Oceanic dolphin">Delphinidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Oceanic dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cephalorhynchus" title="Cephalorhynchus">Cephalorhynchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commerson%27s_dolphin" title="Commerson's dolphin">Commerson's dolphin (<i>C. commersonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_dolphin" title="Chilean dolphin">Chilean dolphin (<i>C. eutropia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaviside%27s_dolphin" title="Heaviside's dolphin">Heaviside's dolphin (<i>C. heavisidii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_dolphin" title="Hector's dolphin">Hector's dolphin (<i>C. hectori</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">Delphinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">Common dolphin (<i>D. delphis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_killer_whale" title="Pygmy killer whale">Feresa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_killer_whale" title="Pygmy killer whale">Pygmy killer whale (<i>F. attenuata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">Globicephala</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Pilot whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-finned_pilot_whale" title="Short-finned pilot whale">Short-finned pilot whale (<i>G. macrorhynchus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-finned_pilot_whale" title="Long-finned pilot whale">Long-finned pilot whale (<i>G. melas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Grampus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Risso's dolphin (<i>G. griseus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_dolphin" title="Fraser's dolphin">Lagenodelphis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_dolphin" title="Fraser's dolphin">Fraser's dolphin (<i>L. hosei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Lagenorhynchus" title="Lagenorhynchus">Lagenorhynchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-beaked_dolphin" title="White-beaked dolphin">White-beaked dolphin (<i>L. albirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_white-sided_dolphin" title="Atlantic white-sided dolphin">Atlantic white-sided dolphin (<i>L. acutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peale%27s_dolphin" title="Peale's dolphin">Peale's dolphin (<i>L. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourglass_dolphin" title="Hourglass dolphin">Hourglass dolphin (<i>L. cruciger</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_white-sided_dolphin" title="Pacific white-sided dolphin">Pacific white-sided dolphin (<i>L. obliquidens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusky_dolphin" title="Dusky dolphin">Dusky dolphin (<i>L. obscurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Right_whale_dolphin" title="Right whale dolphin">Lissodelphis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Right whale dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_right_whale_dolphin" title="Northern right whale dolphin">Northern right whale dolphin (<i>L. borealis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale_dolphin" title="Southern right whale dolphin">Southern right whale dolphin (<i>L. peronii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Orcaella" title="Orcaella">Orcaella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irrawaddy_dolphin" title="Irrawaddy dolphin">Irrawaddy dolphin (<i>O. brevirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_snubfin_dolphin" title="Australian snubfin dolphin">Australian snubfin dolphin (<i>O. heinsohni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Orcinus" title="Orcinus">Orcinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">Orca or killer whale (<i>O. orca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Melon-headed_whale" title="Melon-headed whale">Peponocephala</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melon-headed_whale" title="Melon-headed whale">Melon-headed whale (<i>P. electra</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">Pseudorca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">False killer whale (<i>P. crassidens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sotalia_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotalia (genus)">Sotalia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tucuxi" title="Tucuxi">Tucuxi (<i>S. fluviatilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_dolphin" title="Guiana dolphin">Guiana dolphin (<i>S. guianensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Humpback_dolphin" title="Humpback dolphin">Sousa</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Humpback dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_humpback_dolphin" title="Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin">Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (<i>S. chinensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_humpback_dolphin" title="Indian Ocean humpback dolphin">Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (<i>S. plumbea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_humpback_dolphin" title="Australian humpback dolphin">Australian humpback dolphin (<i>S. sahulensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_humpback_dolphin" title="Atlantic humpback dolphin">Atlantic humpback dolphin (<i>S. teuszii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Stenella" title="Stenella">Stenella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantropical_spotted_dolphin" title="Pantropical spotted dolphin">Pantropical spotted dolphin (<i>S. attenuata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_dolphin" title="Clymene dolphin">Clymene dolphin (<i>S. clymene</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_dolphin" title="Striped dolphin">Striped dolphin (<i>S. coeruleoalba</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_spotted_dolphin" title="Atlantic spotted dolphin">Atlantic spotted dolphin (<i>S. frontalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinner_dolphin" title="Spinner dolphin">Spinner dolphin (<i>S. longirostris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin" title="Rough-toothed dolphin">Steno</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin" title="Rough-toothed dolphin">Rough-toothed dolphin (<i>S. bredanensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">Tursiops</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Bottlenose dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin">Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (<i>T. aduncus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrunan_dolphin" title="Burrunan dolphin">Burrunan dolphin (<i>T. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamanend%27s_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin">Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (<i>T. erebennus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Common bottlenose dolphin">Common bottlenose dolphin (<i>T. truncatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">Delphinapterus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">Beluga whale (<i>D. leucas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">Monodon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">Narwhal (<i>M. monoceros</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">Phocoenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Porpoises)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Finless_porpoise" title="Finless porpoise">Neophocoena</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Finless porpoises)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_finless_porpoise" title="Indo-Pacific finless porpoise">Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (<i>N. phocaenoides</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_finless_porpoise" title="Yangtze finless porpoise">Yangtze finless porpoise (<i>N. asiaeorientalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_finless_porpoise" title="East Asian finless porpoise">East Asian finless porpoise (<i>N. sunameri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Phocoena" title="Phocoena">Phocoena</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_porpoise" title="Spectacled porpoise">Spectacled porpoise (<i>P. dioptrica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_porpoise" title="Harbour porpoise">Harbour porpoise (<i>P. phocoena</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaquita" title="Vaquita">Vaquita (<i>P. sinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmeister%27s_porpoise" title="Burmeister's porpoise">Burmeister's porpoise (<i>P. spinipinnis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dall%27s_porpoise" title="Dall's porpoise">Phocoenoides</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dall%27s_porpoise" title="Dall's porpoise">Dall's porpoise (<i>P. dalli</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physeteroidea" title="Physeteroidea">Physeteridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Physeter16" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Physeter" title="Physeter">Physeter</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">Sperm whale (<i>P. macrocephalus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kogiidae" title="Kogiidae">Kogiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kogia13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Kogia" title="Kogia">Kogia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_sperm_whale" title="Pygmy sperm whale">Pygmy sperm whale (<i>K. breviceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_sperm_whale" title="Dwarf sperm whale">Dwarf sperm whale (<i>K. simus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iniidae" title="Iniidae">Iniidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Inia12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Inia" title="Inia">Inia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araguaian_river_dolphin" title="Araguaian river dolphin">Araguaian river dolphin (<i>I. araguaiaensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_river_dolphin" title="Bolivian river dolphin">Bolivian river dolphin (<i>I. boliviensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin" title="Amazon river dolphin">Amazon river dolphin (<i>I. geoffrensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lipotidae" title="Lipotidae">Lipotidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lipotes21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Baiji" title="Baiji">Lipotes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiji" title="Baiji">Baiji (<i>L. vexillifer</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platanistidae" title="Platanistidae">Platanistidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Platanista44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_river_dolphin" title="South Asian river dolphin">Platanista</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_river_dolphin" title="Ganges river dolphin">Ganges river dolphin (<i>P. gangetica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_river_dolphin" title="Indus river dolphin">Indus river dolphin (<i>P. minor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">Pontoporiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pontoporia35" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">Pontoporia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">La Plata dolphin (<i>P. blainvillei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beaked_whale" title="Beaked whale">Ziphiidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Beaked whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Berardius" title="Berardius">Berardius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnoux%27s_beaked_whale" title="Arnoux's beaked whale">Arnoux's beaked whale (<i>B. arnuxii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baird%27s_beaked_whale" title="Baird's beaked whale">Baird's beaked whale (<i>B. bairdii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato%27s_beaked_whale" title="Sato's beaked whale">Sato's beaked whale (<i>B. minimus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_whale" title="Bottlenose whale">Hyperoodon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Bottlenose whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_bottlenose_whale" title="Northern bottlenose whale">Northern bottlenose whale (<i>H. ampullatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bottlenose_whale" title="Southern bottlenose whale">Southern bottlenose whale (<i>H. planifrons</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tropical_bottlenose_whale" title="Tropical bottlenose whale">Indopacetus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_bottlenose_whale" title="Tropical bottlenose whale">Tropical bottlenose whale (<i>I. pacificus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoplodont_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoplodont whale">Mesoplodon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Mesoplodont whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sowerby%27s_beaked_whale" title="Sowerby's beaked whale">Sowerby's beaked whale (<i>M. bidens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrews%27_beaked_whale" title="Andrews' beaked whale">Andrews' beaked whale (<i>M. bowdoini</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbs%27_beaked_whale" title="Hubbs' beaked whale">Hubbs' beaked whale (<i>M. carlhubbsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blainville%27s_beaked_whale" title="Blainville's beaked whale">Blainville's beaked whale (<i>M. densirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramari%27s_beaked_whale" title="Ramari's beaked whale">Ramari's beaked whale (<i>M. eueu</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gervais%27s_beaked_whale" title="Gervais's beaked whale">Gervais's beaked whale (<i>M. europaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo-toothed_beaked_whale" title="Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale">Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (<i>M. ginkgodens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_beaked_whale" title="Gray's beaked whale">Gray's beaked whale (<i>M. grayi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_beaked_whale" title="Hector's beaked whale">Hector's beaked whale (<i>M. hectori</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deraniyagala%27s_beaked_whale" title="Deraniyagala's beaked whale">Deraniyagala's beaked whale (<i>M. hotaula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strap-toothed_whale" title="Strap-toothed whale">Strap-toothed whale (<i>M. layardii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True%27s_beaked_whale" title="True's beaked whale">True's beaked whale (<i>M. mirus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin%27s_beaked_whale" title="Perrin's beaked whale">Perrin's beaked whale (<i>M. perrini</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_beaked_whale" title="Pygmy beaked whale">Pygmy beaked whale (<i>M. peruvianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stejneger%27s_beaked_whale" title="Stejneger's beaked whale">Stejneger's beaked whale (<i>M. stejnegeri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spade-toothed_whale" title="Spade-toothed whale">Spade-toothed whale (<i>M. traversii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_beaked_whale" title="Shepherd's beaked whale">Tasmacetus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_beaked_whale" title="Shepherd's beaked whale">Shepherd's beaked whale (<i>T. shepherdi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_beaked_whale" title="Cuvier's beaked whale">Ziphius </a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_beaked_whale" title="Cuvier's beaked whale">Cuvier's beaked whale (<i>Z. cavirostris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fishery_science_topics26" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fishery_science_topics" title="Template:Fishery science topics"><abbr title="View this 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and <a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">wild fisheries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries<br />science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_dynamics_of_fisheries" title="Population dynamics of fisheries">Population dynamics of fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifting_baseline" title="Shifting baseline">Shifting baseline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_stocks" title="Fish stocks">Fish stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_mortality" title="Fish mortality">Fish mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condition_index_in_fish" title="Condition index in fish">Condition index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_assessment" title="Stock assessment">Stock assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_measurement" title="Fish measurement">Fish measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_weight_in_fish" title="Standard weight in fish">Standard weight in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_counter" title="Fish counter">Fish counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_storage_tag" title="Data storage tag">Data storage tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_per_unit_effort" title="Catch per unit effort">Catch per unit effort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otolith_microchemical_analysis" title="Otolith microchemical analysis">Otolith microchemical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)" title="Biomass (ecology)">Biomass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_acoustics" title="Fisheries acoustics">Fisheries acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_tag" title="Acoustic tag">Acoustic tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coded_wire_tag" title="Coded wire tag">Coded wire tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIS_and_aquatic_science" title="GIS and aquatic science">GIS and aquatic science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_satellite_archival_tag" title="Pop-up satellite archival tag">Pop-up satellite archival tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EcoSCOPE" title="EcoSCOPE">EcoSCOPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_class_structure" title="Age class structure">Age class structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">Trophic level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophic_cascade" title="Trophic cascade">Trophic cascades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrographic_containment" title="Hydrographic containment">Hydrographic containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match/mismatch" title="Match/mismatch">Match/mismatch hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_fisheries" title="Climate change and fisheries">Climate change and fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_biology" title="Marine biology">Marine biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ecosystem" title="Aquatic ecosystem">Aquatic ecosystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioeconomics_(fisheries)" title="Bioeconomics (fisheries)">Bioeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EconMult" title="EconMult">EconMult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopath" title="Ecopath">Ecopath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_of_Marine_Life" title="Census of Marine Life">Census of Marine Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSTM/Jason-2" title="OSTM/Jason-2">OSTM/Jason-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fisheries_databases" title="Category:Fisheries databases">Fisheries databases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fisheries_and_aquaculture_research_institutes" title="Category:Fisheries and aquaculture research institutes">Institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science#Notable_contributors" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries scientists</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg/140px-Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg/210px-Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg/280px-Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild<br />fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_fisheries" title="Ocean fisheries">Ocean fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_fish" title="Diversity of fish">Diversity of fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_fish" title="Coastal fish">Coastal fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef_fish" title="Coral reef fish">Coral reef fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">Pelagic fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_life_history" title="Eel life history">Eel fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelp#Kelp_in_history_and_culture" title="Kelp">Kelp fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_fishery" title="Shrimp fishery">Shrimp fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_ladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Eel ladder">Eel ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ladder" title="Fish ladder">Fish ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_screen" title="Fish screen">Fish screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_migration" title="Fish migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_run" title="Salmon run">Salmon run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine_run" title="Sardine run">Sardine run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" title="Shoaling and schooling">Shoaling and schooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_habitat" title="Marine habitat">Marine habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_snow" title="Marine snow">Marine snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_column" title="Water column">Water column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upwelling" title="Upwelling">Upwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Current" title="Humboldt Current">Humboldt current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algal_bloom" title="Algal bloom">Algal blooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_zone_(ecology)" title="Dead zone (ecology)">Dead zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_kill" title="Fish kill">Fish kill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fisheries_law,_management,_sustainability_and_conservation26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_law" title="Fisheries law">Fisheries law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">sustainability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">conservation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_law" title="Fisheries law">Fisheries law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Exclusive economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Fish_Stocks_Agreement" title="United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement">United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_Convention" title="Fisheries Convention">Fisheries Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnuson%E2%80%93Stevens_Fishery_Conservation_and_Management_Act" title="Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act">Magnuson–Stevens Act</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg/140px-Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg/210px-Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg/280px-Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="1106" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_monitoring_control_and_surveillance" title="Fisheries monitoring control and surveillance">Monitoring control and surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vessel_monitoring_system" title="Vessel monitoring system">Vessel monitoring system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishery_Resources_Monitoring_System" title="Fishery Resources Monitoring System">Fishery Resources Monitoring System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_reporting" title="Catch reporting">Catch reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_observer" title="Fisheries observer">Fisheries observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_share" title="Catch share">Catch share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_fishing_quota" title="Individual fishing quota">Individual fishing quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_landing_size" title="Minimum landing size">Minimum landing size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_fishing" title="Pulse fishing">Pulse fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slot_limit" title="Slot limit">Slot limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">EU Common Fisheries Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Fishery_MLS" title="European Fishery MLS">EU MLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Fisheries_Control_Agency" title="European Fisheries Control Agency">European Fisheries Control Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">National Marine Fisheries Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_fishery_body" title="Regional fishery body">Regional fishery body</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_fishery_management_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional fishery management organisation">Regional fishery management organisation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Sustainability</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximum_sustainable_yield" title="Maximum sustainable yield">Maximum sustainable yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">List of commercially important fish species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_seafood" title="Sustainable seafood">Sustainable seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fishing" title="Environmental impact of fishing">Environmental impact of fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_down_the_food_web" title="Fishing down the food web">Fishing down the food web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destructive_fishing_practices" title="Destructive fishing practices">Destructive fishing practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Marine_Animal_Populations" title="Future of Marine Animal Populations">Future of Marine Animal Populations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunken_Billions" title="The Sunken Billions">The Sunken Billions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)" title="The End of the Line (book)">The End of the Line</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">Bycatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discards" title="Discards">Discards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incidental_catch" title="Incidental catch">Incidental catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetacean_bycatch" title="Cetacean bycatch">Cetacean bycatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_excluder_device" title="Turtle excluder device">Turtle excluder device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp-Turtle_Case" title="Shrimp-Turtle Case"><i>Shrimp-Turtle</i> case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_protected_area" title="Marine protected area">Marine protected area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserve" title="Marine reserve">Marine reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">Marine conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation_activism" title="Marine conservation activism">Marine conservation activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_conservation" title="Salmon conservation">Salmon conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_nurse_shark_conservation" title="Grey nurse shark conservation">Grey nurse shark conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_sanctuary" title="Shark sanctuary">Shark sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Environmental_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Environmental Agency">European Environmental Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FishAct" title="FishAct">FishAct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Stewardship_Council" title="Marine Stewardship Council">Marine Stewardship Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_Stewardship_Council" title="Aquaculture Stewardship Council">Aquaculture Stewardship Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend_of_the_Sea" title="Friend of the Sea">Friend of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaChoice" title="SeaChoice">SeaChoice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_Watch" title="Seafood Watch">Seafood Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Conservancy" title="Ocean Conservancy">Ocean Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Outcomes" title="Ocean Outcomes">Ocean Outcomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceana_(non-profit_group)" title="Oceana (non-profit group)">Oceana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Our_Seas_Foundation" title="Save Our Seas Foundation">Save Our Seas Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Around_Us_(organization)" title="Sea Around Us (organization)">Sea Around Us</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldFish" title="WorldFish">WorldFish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defying_Ocean%27s_End" title="Defying Ocean's End">Defying Ocean's End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotspot_Ecosystem_Research_and_Man%27s_Impact_On_European_Seas" title="Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas">HERMIONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROFISH" title="PROFISH">PROFISH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Seafood_Sustainability_Foundation" title="International Seafood Sustainability Foundation">International Seafood Sustainability Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Shepherd_Conservation_Society" title="Sea Shepherd Conservation Society">Sea Shepherd Conservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Related issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CalCOFI" title="CalCOFI">CalCOFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_slaughter" title="Fish slaughter">Fish slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_pollution" title="Marine pollution">Marine pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_in_fish" title="Mercury in fish">Mercury in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_culling" title="Shark culling">Shark culling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_finning" title="Shark finning">Shark finning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_threatened_sharks" title="List of threatened sharks">Threatened sharks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_threatened_rays" title="List of threatened rays">Threatened rays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fishing" title="Outline of fishing">Outline of fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fishing_articles" title="Index of fishing articles">Index of fishing articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fishery_terms" title="Glossary of fishery terms">Glossary of fishery terms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fisheries_and_fishing_topic_areas542" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Template:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Template talk:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fisheries_and_fishing_topic_areas542" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> topic areas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_fish" title="Diversity of fish">Diversity of fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites" title="Fish diseases and parasites">Fish diseases and parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_fishing_quota" title="Individual fishing quota">Individual fishing quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild fisheries</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/140px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/210px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/280px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1736" data-file-height="1172" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">Artisanal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisherman" title="Fisherman">Fisherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">History of fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvested_aquatic_animals_by_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="List of harvested aquatic animals by weight">List of harvested aquatic animals by weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_marketing" title="Fish marketing">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_products" title="Fish products">Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">Angling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-game_fishing" title="Big-game fishing">Big-game fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_and_release" title="Catch and release">Catch and release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tournament" title="Fishing tournament">Fishing tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_fishing" title="Fly fishing">Fly fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_techniques" title="Fishing techniques">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destructive_fishing_practices" title="Destructive fishing practices">Destructive fishing practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_trap" title="Fish trap">Fish trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishfinder" title="Fishfinder">Fishfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_net" title="Fishing net">Fishing net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathering seafood by hand">Gathering seafood by hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handline_fishing" title="Handline fishing">Handline fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">Trawling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">Trolling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tackle" title="Fishing tackle">Tackle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_fly" title="Artificial fly">Artificial flies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bite_indicator" title="Bite indicator">Bite indicators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_lure" title="Fishing lure">Lures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod" title="Fishing rod">Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_sinker" title="Fishing sinker">Sinker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_pond" title="Fish pond">Fish ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_bank_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean bank (topography)">Fishing banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_village" title="Fishing village">Fishing villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_habitat" title="Marine habitat">Marine habitats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_crime" title="Fisheries crime">Crime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea_Anti-Poaching_Operations" title="Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations">Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_poaching" title="Coral poaching">Coral poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_eel_poaching_and_smuggling" title="Freshwater eel poaching and smuggling">Freshwater eel poaching and smuggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing_in_the_Arctic" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in the Arctic">Arctic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fishery_terms" title="Glossary of fishery terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fishing_articles" title="Index of fishing articles">Index</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fishing" title="Outline of fishing">Outline</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing" title="Category:Fishing">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mammals_in_culture55" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mammals_in_culture" title="Template:Mammals in culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mammals_in_culture" title="Template talk:Mammals in culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mammals_in_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mammals in culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mammals_in_culture55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_mammals" title="Human uses of mammals">Mammals in culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Draft animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_sport" title="Animals in sport">Animals in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory animal">Laboratory animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pack_animal" title="Pack animal">Pack animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">Pet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_animal" title="Service animal">Service animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-assisted_therapy" title="Animal-assisted therapy">Animal-assisted therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Working animal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lupa_Capitolina,_Rome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg/100px-Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg/150px-Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg/200px-Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7489" data-file-height="4876" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_bats" title="Human uses of bats">Bats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_bears" title="Cultural depictions of bears">Bears</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear-baiting" title="Bear-baiting">Bear-baiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_bear" title="Teddy bear">Teddy bear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_(mythology)" title="Coyote (mythology)">Coyotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_dogs" title="Cultural depictions of dogs">Dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_in_mythology" title="Deer in mythology">Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_elephants" title="Cultural depictions of elephants">Elephants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxes_in_popular_culture,_films_and_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Foxes in popular culture, films and literature">Foxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_references_to_donkeys" title="Cultural references to donkeys">Donkeys</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onolatry" title="Onolatry">Onolatry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_art" title="Horses in art">Horses in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_worship" title="Horse worship">Horse worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_sacrifice" title="Horse sacrifice">Horse sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashvamedha" title="Ashvamedha">Ashvamedha</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguars_in_Mesoamerican_cultures" title="Jaguars in Mesoamerican cultures">Jaguars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maya_jaguar_gods" title="Maya jaguar gods">Maya jaguar gods</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_emblems_and_popular_culture" title="Kangaroo emblems and popular culture">Kangaroos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_koalas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural depictions of koalas">Koalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_lions" title="Cultural depictions of lions">Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigs_in_culture" title="Pigs in culture">Pigs</a></li> <li>Simians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorillas_in_popular_culture" title="Gorillas in popular culture">Gorillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_in_Chinese_culture" title="Monkeys in Chinese culture">Monkeys in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutans_in_popular_culture" title="Orangutans in popular culture">Orangutans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_spotted_hyenas" title="Cultural depictions of spotted hyenas">Spotted hyenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_tigers" title="Cultural depictions of tigers">Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_weasels" title="Cultural depictions of weasels">Weasels</a></li> <li>Whales <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">Whale watching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_worship" title="Whale worship">Whale worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcas_in_popular_culture" title="Orcas in popular culture">Orcas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_in_folklore,_religion_and_mythology" title="Wolves in folklore, religion and mythology">Wolves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">Werewolf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Animal_welfare332" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Animal_welfare" title="Template:Animal welfare"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Animal_welfare" title="Template talk:Animal welfare"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Animal_welfare" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animal welfare"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Animal_welfare332" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandoned_pets" title="Abandoned pets">Abandoned pets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_sport" title="Blood sport">Blood sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chick_culling" title="Chick culling">Chick culling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormorant_culling" title="Cormorant culling">Cormorant culling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock_dehorning" title="Livestock dehorning">Livestock dehorning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating_live_animals" title="Eating live animals">Eating live animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating_live_seafood" title="Eating live seafood">Eating live seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Intensive animal farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_pig_farming" title="Intensive pig farming">Intensive pig farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overview_of_discretionary_invasive_procedures_on_animals" title="Overview of discretionary invasive procedures on animals">Overview of discretionary invasive procedures on animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_mill" title="Puppy mill">Puppy mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivisection" title="Vivisection">Vivisection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_of_farmed_insects" title="Welfare of farmed insects">Welfare of farmed insects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_animal_suffering" title="Wild animal suffering">Wild animal suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_farming" title="Wildlife farming">Wildlife farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedback_(pork_industry)" title="Feedback (pork industry)">Feedback (pork industry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_depopulation" title="Foam depopulation">Foam depopulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_shutdown" title="Ventilation shutdown">Ventilation shutdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barn_fire" title="Barn fire">Barn fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock_transportation" title="Livestock transportation">Livestock transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abnormal_behaviours_in_animals" title="List of abnormal behaviours in animals">Abnormal behaviours in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_psychopathology" title="Animal psychopathology">Animal psychopathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_shelter" title="Animal shelter">Animal shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare_science" title="Animal welfare science">Animal welfare science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrozoology" title="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_enrichment" title="Behavioral enrichment">Behavioral enrichment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservation" title="Compassionate conservation">Compassionate conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_welfare" title="Conservation welfare">Conservation welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_uncertain_sentience" title="Ethics of uncertain sentience">Ethics of uncertain sentience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_omnivorism" title="Ethical omnivorism">Ethical omnivorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_freedoms" title="Five freedoms">Five freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_law_enforcement" title="Humane law enforcement">Humane law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_value_in_animal_ethics" title="Intrinsic value in animal ethics">Intrinsic value in animal ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Rescue group">Rescue group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSPCA_Assured" title="RSPCA Assured">RSPCA Assured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rs_(animal_research)" title="Three Rs (animal research)">Three Rs principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_biology" title="Welfare biology">Welfare biology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pain in<br />nonhuman animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_animals" title="Pain in animals">Pain in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_amphibians" title="Pain in amphibians">Pain in amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_cephalopods" title="Pain in cephalopods">Pain in cephalopods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_crustaceans" title="Pain in crustaceans">Pain in crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_fish" title="Pain in fish">Pain in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_invertebrates" title="Pain in invertebrates">Pain in invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimace_scale" title="Grimace scale">Grimace scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" title="American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">ASPCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Defence_and_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society">Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Defenders_International" title="Animal Defenders International">Animal Defenders International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Party" title="Animal Welfare Party">Animal Welfare Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals%27_Friend_Society" title="Animals' Friend Society">Animals' Friend Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Humane" title="American Humane">American Humane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Aid_Unlimited" title="Animal Aid Unlimited">Animal Aid Unlimited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Board_of_India" title="Animal Welfare Board of India">Animal Welfare Board of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Institute" title="Animal Welfare Institute">Animal Welfare Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Investigations_Project" title="Animal Welfare Investigations Project">Animal Welfare Investigations Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badger_Trust" title="Badger Trust">Badger Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_of_Mercy" class="mw-redirect" title="Band of Mercy">Band of Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Dogs_%26_Cats_Home" title="Battersea Dogs & Cats Home">Battersea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best_Friends_Animal_Society" title="Best Friends Animal Society">Best Friends Animal Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_(animal_charity)" title="Blue Cross (animal charity)">Blue Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_of_India" title="Blue Cross of India">Blue Cross of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Care_for_the_Wild_International" title="Care for the Wild International">Care for the Wild International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_Protection" title="Cats Protection">Cats Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion_in_World_Farming" title="Compassion in World Farming">Compassion in World Farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Animal_Welfare_Foundation" title="Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation">CAWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_Trust" title="Cinnamon Trust">Cinnamon Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogs_Trust" title="Dogs Trust">Dogs Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Society_for_the_Protection_of_Animals" title="Dutch Society for the Protection of Animals">DSPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSPCA" title="DSPCA">DSPCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup_for_Animals" title="Eurogroup for Animals">Eurogroup for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Animal_Welfare_Committee" title="Farm Animal Welfare Committee">Farm Animal Welfare Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Paws" title="Four Paws">Four Paws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_for_the_Replacement_of_Animals_in_Medical_Experiments" title="Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments">FRAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_Care" title="Hedgehog Care">Hedgehog Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Canada" title="Humane Canada">Humane Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Farm_Animal_Care" title="Humane Farm Animal Care">Humane Farm Animal Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Society_of_the_United_States" title="Humane Society of the United States">HSUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Society_International" title="Humane Society International">Humane Society International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Slaughter_Association" title="Humane Slaughter Association">Humane Slaughter Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Animal_Rescue" title="International Animal Rescue">International Animal Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Animal_Welfare" title="International Fund for Animal Welfare">IFAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Applied_Ethology" title="International Society for Applied Ethology">International Society for Applied Ethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Society_for_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" title="Irish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">ISPCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_welfare_organizations" title="List of animal welfare organizations">List of animal welfare organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Against_Cruel_Sports" title="League Against Cruel Sports">League Against Cruel Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Connection" title="Marine Connection">Marine Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Society_for_the_Abolition_of_Cruel_Sports" title="National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports">National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_for_Animals" title="Network for Animals">Network for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Dowding_Fund_for_Humane_Research" title="Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research">Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSPCA-Angell" title="MSPCA-Angell">MSPCA-Angell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Animal_Welfare_Trust" title="National Animal Welfare Trust">National Animal Welfare Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="National Anti-Vivisection Society">National Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_Animals%27_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council for Animals' Welfare">National Council for Animals' Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneKind" title="OneKind">OneKind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Animal_Welfare" title="Party for Animal Welfare">Party for Animal Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_Animals" title="People for Animals">People for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Dispensary_for_Sick_Animals" title="People's Dispensary for Sick Animals">People's Dispensary for Sick Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" title="Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">RNZSPCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSPCA" title="RSPCA">RSPCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSPCA_Australia" title="RSPCA Australia">RSPCA Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Me_(animal_welfare)" title="Save Me (animal welfare)">Save Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Society_for_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" title="Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">SSPCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiggywinkles" title="Tiggywinkles">Tiggywinkles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Humane_Society" title="Toronto Humane Society">Toronto Humane Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universities_Federation_for_Animal_Welfare" title="Universities Federation for Animal Welfare">UFAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Aid_Foundation" title="Wildlife Aid Foundation">Wildlife Aid Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Protection" title="World Animal Protection">World Animal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Horse_Welfare" title="World Horse Welfare">World Horse Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Humane_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="American Humane Magazine">American Humane Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Protection_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Protection (magazine)">Animal Protection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_(journal)" title="Animal Welfare (journal)">Animal Welfare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AWI_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="AWI Quarterly">AWI Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cruel_Sports_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruel Sports (magazine)">Cruel Sports</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_Advocate_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Advocate (magazine)">Human Advocate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Applied_Animal_Welfare_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science">Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Dumb_Animals" title="Our Dumb Animals">Our Dumb Animals</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Friend" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Friend">The Animals' Friend</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Guardian">The Animals' Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cat_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cat (magazine)">The Cat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Zoophilist_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Zoophilist (magazine)">The Zoophilist</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists<br />and workers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Appleby" title="Michael C. Appleby">Michael C. Appleby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Bathurst" title="Cynthia Bathurst">Cynthia Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_E._Bershadker" title="Matthew E. Bershadker">Matthew E. Bershadker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_Blanke" title="Christa Blanke">Christa Blanke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moira_Brown" title="Moira Brown">Moira Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Cameron" title="Jan Cameron">Jan Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_MacArthur_Clark" title="Judy MacArthur Clark">Judy MacArthur Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendra_Coulter" title="Kendra Coulter">Kendra Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ronald_Davies" title="Peter Ronald Davies">Peter Ronald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petra_Deimer" title="Petra Deimer">Petra Deimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanna_Devine" title="Alanna Devine">Alanna Devine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Ganzert" title="Robin Ganzert">Robin Ganzert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Hammond" title="Celia Hammond">Celia Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Hanlon" title="Alison Hanlon">Alison Hanlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hare" title="Brian Hare">Brian Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrin_Glock" title="Kathrin Glock">Kathrin Glock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Patterson-Kane" title="Emily Patterson-Kane">Emily Patterson-Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lymbery" title="Philip Lymbery">Philip Lymbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_Mander" title="Damien Mander">Damien Mander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Nicol" title="Christine Nicol">Christine Nicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Pacelle" title="Wayne Pacelle">Wayne Pacelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Pincott" title="Sharon Pincott">Sharon Pincott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilka_Reinhardt" title="Ilka Reinhardt">Ilka Reinhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Robinson" title="Jill Robinson">Jill Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Sagara" title="Naomi Sagara">Naomi Sagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepehr_Salimi" title="Sepehr Salimi">Sepehr Salimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Sansolini" title="Adolfo Sansolini">Adolfo Sansolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Shukla_(animal_welfare_activist)" title="Rakesh Shukla (animal welfare activist)">Rakesh Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Stockin" title="Karen Stockin">Karen Stockin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Strand" title="Patti Strand">Patti Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Varma" title="Sally Varma">Sally Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_M._Widowski" title="Tina M. Widowski">Tina M. Widowski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ansell" title="Gertrude Ansell">Gertrude Ansell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Appleton" title="Emily Appleton">Emily Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Baillie-Weaver" title="Gertrude Baillie-Weaver">Gertrude Baillie-Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Baillie-Weaver" title="H. Baillie-Weaver">H. Baillie-Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Bemelmans" title="Madeleine Bemelmans">Madeleine Bemelmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bergh" title="Henry Bergh">Henry Bergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Brancker" title="Mary Brancker">Mary Brancker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Braithwaite" title="Victoria Braithwaite">Victoria Braithwaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bryan" title="Benjamin Bryan">Benjamin Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_A._Caras" title="Roger A. Caras">Roger A. Caras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Cole" title="Ada Cole">Ada Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cronin_(zookeeper)" title="Jim Cronin (zookeeper)">Jim Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Davies_(activist)" title="Brian Davies (activist)">Brian Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Lysley_Derriman" title="Gerard Lysley Derriman">Gerard Lysley Derriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Dickin" title="Maria Dickin">Maria Dickin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Doggett" title="Marjorie Doggett">Marjorie Doggett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Dowding,_Baroness_Dowding" title="Muriel Dowding, Baroness Dowding">Muriel Dowding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Drakoules" title="Alice Drakoules">Alice Drakoules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_J._Eddy" title="Sarah J. Eddy">Sarah J. Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Estcourt-Oswald" title="Agnes Estcourt-Oswald">Agnes Estcourt-Oswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Fairholme" title="Edward G. Fairholme">Edward G. Fairholme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aida_McAnn_Flemming" title="Aida McAnn Flemming">Aida McAnn Flemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Furman" title="Lucy Furman">Lucy Furman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Goldstone" title="Basil Goldstone">Basil Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Goddard" title="Julia Goddard">Julia Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gower" title="Robert Gower">Robert Gower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colesworthey_Grant" title="Colesworthey Grant">Colesworthey Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Greenwood" title="George Greenwood">George Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gurney" title="Peter Gurney">Peter Gurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Victoria_Hall" title="Catherine Victoria Hall">Catherine Victoria Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hemingway" title="Edward Hemingway">Edward Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Hirschfeld" title="Rachel Hirschfeld">Rachel Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjoerd_Hofstra" title="Sjoerd Hofstra">Sjoerd Hofstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Hollands" title="Clive Hollands">Clive Hollands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Houghton,_Baron_Houghton_of_Sowerby" title="Douglas Houghton, Baron Houghton of Sowerby">Douglas Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Hoyt" title="John A. Hoyt">John A. Hoyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_Johns" title="Rowland Johns">Rowland Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velma_Bronn_Johnston" title="Velma Bronn Johnston">Velma Bronn Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Knapp" title="Albert Knapp">Albert Knapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Lander" title="Titus Lander">Titus Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Lane" title="Carla Lane">Carla Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etta_Lemon" title="Etta Lemon">Etta Lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Lidiard" title="Victoria Lidiard">Victoria Lidiard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Alpin_MacGregor" title="Alasdair Alpin MacGregor">Alasdair Alpin MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Maple" title="Terry Maple">Terry Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergus_MacCunn" title="Fergus MacCunn">Fergus MacCunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Messer" title="Frederick Messer">Frederick Messer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Martin_(Irish_politician)" title="Richard Martin (Irish politician)">Richard Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_McGreal" title="Shirley McGreal">Shirley McGreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgina_Cowper-Temple,_Lady_Mount_Temple" title="Georgina Cowper-Temple, Lady Mount Temple">Lady Mount Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Nevins" title="Harriet Nevins">Harriet Nevins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Ortt" title="Felix Ortt">Felix Ortt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Louisa_Pirkis" title="Catherine Louisa Pirkis">Catherine Louisa Pirkis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Phillips" title="Eliza Phillips">Eliza Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maude_Gillette_Phillips" title="Maude Gillette Phillips">Maude Gillette Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Jackson_Pratt" title="Samuel Jackson Pratt">Samuel Jackson Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Risdon" title="Wilfred Risdon">Wilfred Risdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Roberts_(activist)" title="Peter Roberts (activist)">Peter Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ruhl" title="Jules Ruhl">Jules Ruhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Salter" title="Jan Salter">Jan Salter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Smithies" title="Catherine Smithies">Catherine Smithies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bywater_Smithies" title="Thomas Bywater Smithies">Thomas Bywater Smithies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Snow" title="Herbert Snow">Herbert Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellin_Prince_Speyer" title="Ellin Prince Speyer">Ellin Prince Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Stevens_(animal_welfare_activist)" title="Christine Stevens (animal welfare activist)">Christine Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_S._S._Steuart" title="Douglas S. S. Steuart">Douglas S. S. Steuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Svendsen" title="Elisabeth Svendsen">Elisabeth Svendsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Tealby" title="Mary Tealby">Mary Tealby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Trine" title="Ralph Waldo Trine">Ralph Waldo Trine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Trist" title="Sidney Trist">Sidney Trist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Venton" title="Ethel Venton">Ethel Venton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Dudley_Ward" title="M. Dudley Ward">M. Dudley Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessey_Wade" title="Jessey Wade">Jessey Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wathes" title="Christopher Wathes">Christopher Wathes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Weber_(activist)" title="Franz Weber (activist)">Franz Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Earle_White" title="Caroline Earle White">Caroline Earle White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Williamson" title="Emily Williamson">Emily Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Fergie_Woods" title="H. Fergie Woods">H. Fergie Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Morgan_Wright" title="Alice Morgan Wright">Alice Morgan Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Wyler" title="Gretchen Wyler">Gretchen Wyler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars<br />and writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Arluke" title="Arnold Arluke">Arnold Arluke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Balcombe" title="Jonathan Balcombe">Jonathan Balcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Balls" title="Michael Balls">Michael Balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Barstow" title="Geoffrey Barstow">Geoffrey Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bekoff" title="Marc Bekoff">Marc Bekoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Broom" title="Donald Broom">Donald Broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Dawkins" title="Marian Dawkins">Marian Dawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Fogle" title="Bruce Fogle">Bruce Fogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Haddon" title="Celia Haddon">Celia Haddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Hurst" title="Jane Hurst">Jane Hurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Hoyt" title="Erich Hoyt">Erich Hoyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_J._King" title="Barbara J. King">Barbara J. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Lawrence" title="Alistair Lawrence">Alistair Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Macdonald_(biologist)" title="David Macdonald (biologist)">David Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Marchant" title="Jeremy Marchant">Jeremy Marchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_McMahan_(philosopher)" title="Jeff McMahan (philosopher)">Jeff McMahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mills_(biologist)" title="Daniel Mills (biologist)">Daniel Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sy_Montgomery" title="Sy Montgomery">Sy Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Morell" title="Virginia Morell">Virginia Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caitlin_O%27Connell-Rodwell" title="Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell">Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Palmer" title="Clare Palmer">Clare Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_J._Pearson" title="Susan J. Pearson">Susan J. Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Peterson" title="Dale Peterson">Dale Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Pierce" title="Jessica Pierce">Jessica Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Reiss" title="Diana Reiss">Diana Reiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Safina" title="Carl Safina">Carl Safina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Scully" title="Matthew Scully">Matthew Scully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Shapiro_(author)" title="Paul Shapiro (author)">Paul Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Skiff" title="Jennifer Skiff">Jennifer Skiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wohlleben" title="Peter Wohlleben">Peter Wohlleben</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thorndike_Angell" title="George Thorndike Angell">George T. Angell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bateson" title="Patrick Bateson">Patrick Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Beddow_Bayly" title="Maurice Beddow Bayly">Beddow Bayly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(activist)" title="Ernest Bell (activist)">Ernest Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Berdoe" title="Edward Berdoe">Edward Berdoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Broome" title="Arthur Broome">Arthur Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Burden" title="Jean Burden">Jean Burden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Carson_(writer)" title="Gerald Carson (writer)">Gerald Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Coleridge" title="Stephen Coleridge">Stephen Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Adam_Dann" title="Christian Adam Dann">Christian Adam Dann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Morewood_Dowsett" title="J. Morewood Dowsett">J. Morewood Dowsett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Eyton" title="Audrey Eyton">Audrey Eyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fleming_(veterinary_surgeon)" title="George Fleming (veterinary surgeon)">George Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fletcher_(surgeon)" title="Ralph Fletcher (surgeon)">Ralph Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Harrison" title="Ruth Harrison">Ruth Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._W._Hume" title="C. W. Hume">C. W. Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Douglas_Hume" title="E. Douglas Hume">E. Douglas Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Macaulay_(editor)" title="James Macaulay (editor)">James Macaulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basheer_Ahmad_Masri" title="Basheer Ahmad Masri">Basheer Ahmad Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Orpen_Morris" title="Francis Orpen Morris">Francis Orpen Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nicholson_(printer)" title="George Nicholson (printer)">George Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_O%27Sullivan" title="Siobhan O'Sullivan">Siobhan O'Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Reinhardt" title="Charles Reinhardt">Charles Reinhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_H._Rowley" title="Francis H. Rowley">Francis H. Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._M._S._Russell" title="W. M. S. Russell">W. M. S. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Sherwin" title="Chris Sherwin">Chris Sherwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Spedding" title="Colin Spedding">Colin Spedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Stillman" title="William O. Stillman">William O. Stillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Styles" title="John Styles">John Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Taylor" title="Bell Taylor">Bell Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Weber" title="Ernst von Weber">Ernst von Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._G._M._Wood-Gush" title="D. G. M. Wood-Gush">D. G. M. Wood-Gush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_de_Waal" title="Frans de Waal">Frans de Waal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Wellmer" title="Meta Wellmer">Meta Wellmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Wirth" title="Hugh Wirth">Hugh Wirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Youatt" title="William Youatt">William Youatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(animal_welfare_writer)" title="Thomas Young (animal welfare writer)">Thomas Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_advocacy_parties" title="Category:Animal advocacy parties">Animal advocacy parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_killing" title="Category:Animal killing">Animal killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_rights" title="Category:Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_welfare_and_rights_legislation" title="Category:Animal welfare and rights legislation">Animal welfare and rights legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_sacrifice" title="Category:Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_sanctuaries" title="Category:Animal sanctuaries">Animal sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_testing" title="Category:Animal testing">Animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_welfare_and_rights_by_country" title="Category:Animal welfare and rights by country">Animal welfare and rights by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cruelty_to_animals" title="Category:Cruelty to animals">Cruelty to animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dishes_involving_the_consumption_of_live_animals" title="Category:Dishes involving the consumption of live animals">Dishes involving the consumption of live animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fur_trade" title="Category:Fur trade">Fur trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_animal_welfare_and_rights" title="Category:People associated with animal welfare and rights">People associated with animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Whaling" title="Category:Whaling">Whaling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br />considerations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhabihah" title="Dhabihah">Dhabihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhatka" title="Jhatka">Jhatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutha_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutha meat">Kutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">Shechita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tza%27ar_ba%27alei_chayim" title="Tza'ar ba'alei chayim">Tza'ar ba'alei chayim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rituals and<br />festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_of_animals" title="Blessing of animals">Blessing of animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bous_al_carrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bous al carrer">Bous al carrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cock_throwing" title="Cock throwing">Cock throwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_de_Reines" title="Combat de Reines">Combat de Reines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadhimai_festival" title="Gadhimai festival">Gadhimai festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_throwing" title="Goat throwing">Goat throwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_pulling" title="Goose pulling">Goose pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Primate_Day" title="International Primate Day">International Primate Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapparot" title="Kapparot">Kapparot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Meat_Festival" title="Dog Meat Festival">Dog Meat Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Buffet_Festival" title="Monkey Buffet Festival">Monkey Buffet Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Horse" title="October Horse">October Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkar_Camel_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushkar Camel Fair">Pushkar Camel Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_das_Bestas_of_Sabucedo" title="Rapa das Bestas of Sabucedo">Rapa das Bestas of Sabucedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_of_the_bulls" title="Running of the bulls">Running of the bulls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surin_Elephant_Round-up" title="Surin Elephant Round-up">Surin Elephant Round-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_embolado" title="Toro embolado">Toro embolado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Day" title="World Animal Day">World Animal Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations" title="Animal testing regulations">Animal testing regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_(Scientific_Procedures)_Act_1986" title="Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986">Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Act_1999" title="Animal Welfare Act 1999">Animal Welfare Act 1999</a> (NZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Act_2006" title="Animal Welfare Act 2006">Animal Welfare Act 2006</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Act_of_1966" title="Animal Welfare Act of 1966">Animal Welfare Act of 1966</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_(Sentience)_Act_2022" title="Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022">Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_Animals_Act_1876" title="Cruelty to Animals Act 1876">Cruelty to Animals Act 1876</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Directive_2010/63/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU Directive 2010/63/EU">EU Directive 2010/63/EU</a> (EU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Council_Directive_1999/74/EC" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC">EU Directive 1999/74/EC</a> (EU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Protection_Act_of_1970" title="Horse Protection Act of 1970">Horse Protection Act of 1970</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_Act_2004" title="Hunting Act 2004">Hunting Act 2004</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_animal_welfare_conventions" title="List of international animal welfare conventions">List of international animal welfare conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Animal_Welfare_Society#RA_8485_.E2.80.93_The_Animal_Welfare_Act_of_the_Philippines" title="Philippine Animal Welfare Society">Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998</a> (Philippines)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_advocates" title="List of animal rights advocates">List of animal rights advocates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_sanctuaries" title="List of animal sanctuaries">List of animal sanctuaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_welfare" title="Category:Animal welfare">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hunting_topics139" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hunting_topics" title="Template:Hunting topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hunting_topics" title="Template talk:Hunting topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hunting_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hunting topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hunting_topics139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting,_fishing_and_animals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">Hunter-gatherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_hunting" title="Medieval hunting">Medieval hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_hunt_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty">Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_hunting_technologies" title="North American hunting technologies">North American hunting technologies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-fowling" title="Bat-fowling">Bat-fowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagling" title="Beagling">Beagling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowhunting" title="Bowhunting">Bowhunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big%E2%80%93game_hunting" class="mw-redirect" title="Big–game hunting">Big–game hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coursing" title="Coursing">Coursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_stalker" title="Game stalker">Game stalkering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigging" title="Gigging">Gigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_hunting" title="Green hunting">Green hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">Falconry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_with_eagles" title="Hunting with eagles">Eagles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_sports" title="Field sports">Field sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fowling" title="Fowling">Fowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handgun_hunting" title="Handgun hunting">Handgun hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_hunting" title="Internet hunting">Internet hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layout_hunting" title="Layout hunting">Layout hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monter%C3%ADa_(hunt)" title="Montería (hunt)">Montería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttonbirding" title="Muttonbirding">Muttonbirding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistence_hunting" title="Persistence hunting">Persistence hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pest_control" title="Pest control">Pest control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plume_hunting" title="Plume hunting">Plume hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlighting" title="Spotlighting">Spotlighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_hunting" title="Trophy hunting">Trophy hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">Trapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_hunting" title="Trail hunting">Trail hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treeing" title="Treeing">Treeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upland_hunting" title="Upland hunting">Upland hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmint_hunting" title="Varmint hunting">Varmint hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venatio" title="Venatio">Venatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfowl_hunting" title="Waterfowl hunting">Waterfowl hunting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_call" title="Game call">Game call</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duck_call" title="Duck call">Duck call</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghillie_suit" title="Ghillie suit">Ghillie suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_bag" title="Hunting bag">Hunting bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_weapon" title="Hunting weapon">Hunting weapon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_gun" title="Air gun">Air gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assegai" title="Assegai">Assegai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_spear" title="Bear spear">Bear spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar_spear" title="Boar spear">Boar spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowgun" title="Blowgun">Blowgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">Pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_gun" title="Punt gun">Punt gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">Spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_sword" title="Hunting sword">Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">Throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silencer_(firearms)" title="Silencer (firearms)">Silencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_brake" title="Shooting brake">Shooting brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sticks_(weapon_mount)" title="Shooting sticks (weapon mount)">Shooting sticks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_hunting" title="Alligator hunting">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_five_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Big five game">Big five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bison_hunting" title="Bison hunting">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar_hunting" title="Boar hunting">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coon_hunting" title="Coon hunting">Raccoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_hunting" title="Deer hunting">Deer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deer_stalking" title="Deer stalking">Stalking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_hunting" title="Human hunting">Human</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headhunting" title="Headhunting">Headhunting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackal_coursing" title="Jackal coursing">Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mink_hunting" title="Mink hunting">Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_game" title="Plains game">Plains game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbiting" title="Rabbiting">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_shooting" title="Rook shooting">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_hunting" title="Tiger hunting">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_hunting" title="Turkey hunting">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtling_(hunting)" title="Turtling (hunting)">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_hunting" title="Lion hunting">Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_hunting" title="Quail hunting">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting" title="Wolf hunting">Wolf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting_with_dogs" title="Wolf hunting with dogs">With dogs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal</a></li> <li>Squirrel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squirrel_poaching" title="Squirrel poaching">Poaching</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunting" title="Dolphin drive hunting">Dolphin drive hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_hunting_of_the_bowhead_whale" title="Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale">Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_pound" title="Buffalo pound">Buffalo pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_(land)" title="Chase (land)">Chase (land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_park_(England)" title="Deer park (England)">Deer park (England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_forest" title="Deer forest">Deer forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_kite" title="Desert kite">Desert kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_larder" title="Game larder">Game larder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_reserve" title="Game reserve">Game reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_farm" title="Game farm">Game farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_ranch" title="Guest ranch">Guest ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_blind" title="Hunting blind">Hunting blind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_hide" title="Bird hide">Bird hide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salter_(trap)" title="Salter (trap)">Salter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_lodge" title="Sporting lodge">Sporting lodge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdschloss" title="Jagdschloss">Jagdschloss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_trap" title="Wolf trap">Wolf trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Australia" title="Hunting in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dugong_hunting_in_Australia" title="Dugong hunting in Australia">Dugong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_industry" title="Kangaroo industry">Kangaroo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Azerbaijan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_tiger_hunts_in_Azerbaijan" title="Historical tiger hunts in Azerbaijan">Tiger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Cambodia" title="Hunting in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li>Chad <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_hunting_in_Chad" title="Elephant hunting in Chad">Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greenland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reindeer_hunting_in_Greenland" title="Reindeer hunting in Greenland">Reindeer</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_poaching_in_India" title="Tiger poaching in India">Tiger poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_poaching_in_Assam" title="Rhino poaching in Assam">Rhino poaching in Assam</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_hunting_in_Kenya" title="Elephant hunting in Kenya">Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_New_Zealand" title="Hunting in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter-based_hunting_in_Fiordland" title="Helicopter-based hunting in Fiordland">Helicopter-based hunting in Fiordland</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_Hunting_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Trophy Hunting in Pakistan">Trophy Hunting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Russia" title="Hunting in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Romania" title="Hunting in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Spain" title="Hunting in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_hunting_reserves_in_Switzerland" title="List of federal hunting reserves in Switzerland">Federal hunting reserves</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tonga <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_snaring" title="Pigeon snaring">Pigeon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_the_United_States" title="Hunting in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_fishing_in_Alaska" title="Hunting and fishing in Alaska">Alaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Driven_grouse_shooting" title="Driven grouse shooting">Driven grouse shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation and conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_(fishing_and_hunting)" title="Bag (fishing and hunting)">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag_limits" title="Bag limits">Bag limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_officer" title="Conservation officer">Conservation officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_management" title="Deer management">Deer management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Act_1831" title="Game Act 1831">Game Act 1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_law" title="Game law">Game law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_preservation" title="Game preservation">Game preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_license" title="Hunting license">Hunting license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_Act_2004" title="Hunting Act 2004">Hunting Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_season" title="Hunting season">Hunting season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_hunting" title="Sustainable hunting">Sustainable hunting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambi_effect" title="Bambi effect">Bambi effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blooding_(hunting)" title="Blooding (hunting)">Blooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_hunt" title="Canned hunt">Canned hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_hawking" title="Car hawking">Car hawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_ague" title="Duck ague">Duck ague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry_training_and_technique" title="Falconry training and technique">Falconry training and technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_chase" title="Fair chase">Fair chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_dressing_(hunting)" title="Field dressing (hunting)">Field dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamekeepers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom">Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillie" title="Gillie">Gillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_dog" title="Hunting dog">Hunting dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_dog" title="Gun dog">Gun dog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_magic" title="Hunting magic">Hunting magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hunting_deities" title="List of hunting deities">List of hunting deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_big-game_hunters" title="List of big-game hunters">List of big-game hunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_hunting" title="Opposition to hunting">Opposition to hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parahawking" title="Parahawking">Parahawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_hunter" title="Professional hunter">Professional hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Cecil_the_lion" title="Killing of Cecil the lion">Killing of Cecil the lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raptor_persecution" title="Raptor persecution">Raptor persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_orange" title="Safety orange">Safety orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_(hunting)" title="Take (hunting)">Take</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_(hunting)" title="Tracking (hunting)">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_hunter" title="White hunter">White hunter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boone_and_Crockett_Club" title="Boone and Crockett Club">Boone and Crockett Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryside_Alliance" title="Countryside Alliance">Countryside Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducks_Unlimited" title="Ducks Unlimited">Ducks Unlimited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Associations_for_Hunting_and_Conservation_of_the_EU" title="Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU">Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Hunters%27_Association" title="Finnish Hunters' Association">Finnish Hunters' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Saboteurs_Association" title="Hunt Saboteurs Association">Hunt Saboteurs Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Society_of_the_United_States" title="Humane Society of the United States">Humane Society of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Against_Cruel_Sports" title="League Against Cruel Sports">League Against Cruel Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Falconers_Association" title="North American Falconers Association">North American Falconers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club_International" title="Safari Club International">Safari Club International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowfishing" title="Bowfishing">Bowfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounty_hunter" title="Bounty hunter">Bounty hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_sport" title="Blood sport">Blood sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_hunting" title="Drag hunting">Drag hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_trial" title="Field trial">Field trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">Fur trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_hunting" title="Ghost hunting">Ghost hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_strategy" title="Hunting strategy">Hunting strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_hunting" title="Honey hunting">Honey hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect_collecting" title="Insect collecting">Insect collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Mushroom hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchid_hunting" title="Orchid hunting">Orchid hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overview_of_gun_laws_by_nation" title="Overview of gun laws by nation">Overview of gun laws by nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_farming" title="Wildlife farming">Wildlife farming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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