The ISS has been leaking air for 5 years, and engineers still don’t know why

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selected>Standard</option> <option value="large">Large</option> </select> <label class="font-impact hidden w-20 text-base font-semibold uppercase text-gray-100 md:block" for="text-settings-width">Width <span class="text-gray-400">*</span> </label> <select name="text-settings-width" class="text-settings-width col-span-2 hidden bg-gray-600 text-sm text-gray-300 md:block"> <option value="standard" selected>Standard</option> <option value="wide">Wide</option> </select> <label class="font-impact w-20 text-base font-semibold uppercase text-gray-100" for="text-settings-links">Links</label> <select name="text-settings-links" class="text-settings-links col-span-2 bg-gray-600 text-sm text-gray-300"> <option value="standard" selected>Standard</option> <option value="orange">Orange</option> </select> <div class="font-impact col-span-3 hidden text-sm font-semibold uppercase text-gray-400 md:block"> <span class="mb-0 italic">* Subscribers only</span><br>   <a href="/store/product/subscriptions/" class="text-green-400">Learn more</a> </div> <button class="font-impact text-settings-position col-span-3 mx-auto my-3 block rounded-sm border-2 border-green-400 px-3 py-1 text-base font-semibold uppercase text-gray-100" value="story"> Pin to story </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div x-data="{ open: false, toggle() { if (this.open) { return this.close() } // If we're inside main header, add a data attribute to the header if (this.$el.closest('#site-header')) { this.$el.closest('#site-header').dataset.dropdownOpen = 'true'; } this.open = true }, close() { if (!this.open) { return; } // If we're inside main header, add a data attribute to the header if (this.$el.closest('#site-header')) { this.$el.closest('#site-header').dataset.dropdownOpen = 'false'; } this.open = false } }" @keydown.escape.prevent.stop="close($refs.button)" @focusin.window="! $refs.panel.contains($event.target) && close()" x-id="['dropdown-button']">  <button type="button" 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<article class="double-column h-entry post-2062233 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-science category-space tag-human-spaceflight tag-international-space-station tag-nasa tag-roscosmos tag-russia" data-id="2062233"> <header> <div class="dusk:bg-gray-700 my-4 bg-gray-100 pt-2 dark:bg-gray-700 md:mt-10 md:pt-5 lg:pb-2 lg:pt-7"> <div class="mx-auto grid-cols-2 gap-8 md:px-5 lg:grid lg:max-w-5xl lg:px-8 xl:px-0"> <div class=""> <div class="mb-1 px-[15px] sm:px-5 md:px-0"> <div class="upper-deck font-impact text-green-450 dusk:text-green-400 inline-flex flex-row flex-nowrap items-center gap-2 text-left text-sm font-semibold uppercase leading-tight dark:text-green-400"> <span class="upper-deck__icon"> <svg class="h-5 w-5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><clipPath id="section-space_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="section-space_svg__b"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#section-space_svg__a)"><g fill="currentColor" clip-path="url(#section-space_svg__b)"><path d="M32.9 13.1c-2.5-4.7-7.5-7.8-13.2-7.8-8.3 0-15 6.7-15 15s3.1 10.6 7.7 13.1c3.1-2.5 6.9-5.8 11-10 3.9-3.9 7-7.4 9.4-10.3M14.4 34.3c1.6.6 3.4 1 5.2 1 8.3 0 15-6.7 15-15s-.3-3.5-.9-5.2c-2.5 3-5.5 6.4-8.9 9.7-3.6 3.6-7.2 6.9-10.4 9.5"/><path d="M28.5 5.8c.6.4 1.2.8 1.7 1.2 3.5-2.7 6.1-4.2 7.6-4.8-.5 1.4-2.1 4.1-4.8 7.6-2.6 3.4-6.2 7.5-10.9 12.3s-9.6 8.9-13 11.5c-3.2 2.4-5.5 3.7-6.9 4.2.5-1.3 1.9-3.7 4.2-6.9-.4-.5-.8-1.1-1.2-1.7-4 5.4-6 9.4-4.9 10.5s5.1-.9 10.5-4.9c3.8-2.9 8.2-6.8 12.7-11.3s7.9-8.4 10.7-12c4.4-5.7 6.7-10 5.5-11.2s-5.5 1.1-11.2 5.5"/></g></g></svg> </span> <span class="upper-deck__text"> Closing doors </span> </div> </div> <h1 class="dusk:text-gray-100 mb-3 px-[15px] font-serif text-3xl font-semibold leading-none text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-100 sm:px-5 md:px-0 md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl"> The ISS has been leaking air for 5 years, and engineers still don’t know why </h1> <p class="text-gray-550 dark:text-gray-250 dusk:text-gray-250 mt-4 px-[15px] text-lg leading-tight sm:px-5 md:px-0"> "This is a an engineering problem, and good engineers should be able to agree on it." </p> <div class="mt-2 px-[15px] sm:px-5 md:px-0"> <div class="font-impact text-xs font-semibold uppercase text-gray-300"><a class="text-orange-400 hover:text-orange-500" href="https://arstechnica.com/author/stephenclark/"> Stephen Clark </a> – <span class="whitespace-nowrap"> <time class="mr-[2px] inline-block cursor-default" title="2024-11-18T17:19:03-05:00" datetime="2024-11-18T17:19:03-05:00" x-data="{ compact: false, open: false, date: new Date('2024-11-18T17:19:03-05:00'), updatedTimestamp: false, format: function() { let dateFormat = { year: 'numeric', month: 'short', day: 'numeric' }; let timeFormat = { hour: 'numeric', minute: 'numeric' }; let formatted = this.date.toLocaleDateString(undefined, dateFormat) + ' ' + this.date.toLocaleTimeString(undefined, timeFormat); if (this.compact) { if (this.date.toDateString() === new Date().toDateString()) { formatted = this.date.toLocaleTimeString(undefined, timeFormat); if (this.updatedTimestamp) { formatted = 'at ' + formatted; } } else { formatted = this.date.toLocaleDateString(undefined, { year: 'numeric', month: 'numeric', day: 'numeric' }); } } if (this.updatedTimestamp) { formatted = 'Updated ' + formatted; } return formatted; } }" x-text="format()"> Nov 18, 2024 5:19 pm </time> <span class="text-gray-550">|</span> <a class="view-comments text-gray-300 hover:text-gray-500" href="https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/11/nasa-roscosmos-disagree-on-risk-of-catastrophic-failure-from-iss-air-leak/#comments" title="151 comments"> <svg class="-mt-1 ml-1 mr-[2px] inline-block h-4 w-4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 80 80"><defs><clipPath id="bubble-zero_svg__a"><path fill="none" stroke-width="0" d="M0 0h80v80H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath 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https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-980x653.jpg 980w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-1440x960.jpg 1440w" data-cropped="true" href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k.jpg" target="_blank"> <img width="640" height="427" src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-640x427.jpg" class="absolute inset-0 w-full h-full object-cover hidden" alt="" loading="eager" decoding="async" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-640x427.jpg 640w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-980x653.jpg 980w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /> <img width="1152" height="648" src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-1152x648.jpg" class="intro-image absolute min-w-full min-h-full h-auto object-cover" alt="" loading="eager" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-1152x648.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-384x216.jpg 384w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/51711929238_21004924c2_k-1536x864.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1152px) 100vw, 1152px" /> </a> <div class="pswp-caption-content" id="caption-2062588"> <div class="caption font-impact dusk:text-gray-300 mb-4 mt-2 inline-flex flex-row items-stretch gap-1 text-base leading-tight text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-300"> <div class="caption-icon bg-[left_top_5px] w-[10px] shrink-0"></div> <div class="caption-content"> The Zvezda service module, seen here near the top of this image, is one the oldest parts of the International Space Station. <span class="caption-credit mt-2 text-xs"> Credit: <a class="caption-credit-link text-gray-400 no-underline hover:text-gray-500" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasa2explore/51712535185/in/album-72157719745553737/" target="_blank"> NASA </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div 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NASA's International Space Station Advisory Committee last week. The air leaks are located in the transfer tunnel of the space station's Russian Zvezda service module, one of the oldest elements of the complex.</p> <p>US and Russian officials "don't have a common understanding of what the likely root cause is, or the severity of the consequences of these leaks," said Bob Cabana, a retired NASA astronaut who took the helm of the advisory committee earlier this year. Cabana replaced former Apollo astronaut Tom Stafford, who chaired the committee before he died in March.</p> <p>The transfer tunnel, known by the Russian acronym PrK, connects the Zvezda module with a docking port where Soyuz crew and Progress resupply spacecraft attach to the station.</p> <p>Air has been leaking from the transfer tunnel since September 2019. On several occasions, Russian cosmonauts have repaired the cracks and temporarily reduced the leak rate. In February, the leak rate jumped up again to 2.4 pounds per day, then increased to 3.7 pounds per day in April.</p> <p>This prompted managers to <a href="https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/09/nasa-confirms-space-station-cracking-a-highest-risk-and-consequence-problem/">elevate the transfer tunnel leak to the highest level of risk</a> in the space station program's risk management system. This 5×5 "risk matrix" classifies the likelihood and consequence of risks. Ars reported in June that the leaks are now classified as a "5" both in terms of high likelihood and high consequence.</p> <div class="ars-interlude-container in-content-interlude mx-auto max-w-xl"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dusk:bg-gray-100 hidden min-w-[300px] justify-self-end dark:bg-gray-50 lg:block"> <div class="ad-wrapper is-sticky is-rail"> <div class="ad-wrapper-inner"> <div class="ad ad--rail"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ad-wrapper with-label is-fullwidth"> <div class="ad-wrapper-inner"> <div class="ad ad--mid-content"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="my-2.5 mx-auto px-[15px] sm:px-5 lg:grid lg:max-w-5xl lg:grid-cols-3 lg:gap-6 lg:px-8 xl:px-0"> <div class="relative lg:col-span-2"> <div class="post-content post-content-double"> <p>NASA reported in September that the latest round of repairs cut the leak rate by a third, but it did not eliminate the problem.</p> <h2>An engineering problem</h2> <p>"The Russian position is that the most probable cause of the PrK cracks is high cyclic fatigue caused by micro-vibrations," Cabana said on November 13. "NASA believes the PrK cracks are likely multi-causal, including pressure and mechanical stress, residual stress, material properties, and environmental exposures."</p> <p>The ISS is aging. Zvezda and the PrK launched in July 2000 and will mark a quarter-century in orbit next year. NASA wants to keep the space station operating until at least 2030, while Roscosmos, Russia's space agency, has committed only through 2028.</p> <p>Roscosmos has shared sample metals, welds, and investigation reports with NASA to assist in the study of the cracks and leaks. In a report published in September, NASA's inspector general said NASA's ISS Vehicle Office at Johnson Space Center in Houston said the leaks are "not an immediate risk to the structural integrity of the station."</p> <p>This is because managers have implemented mitigations to protect the entire station in the event of a structural failure of the PrK.</p> <p>Crew members aboard the space station are keeping the hatch leading to the PrK closed when they don't need to access the Progress cargo freighter docked at the other end of the transfer tunnel. Russian cosmonauts must open the hatch to unpack supplies from the Progress or load trash into the ship for disposal.</p> <p>But NASA and Roscosmos disagree on when the leak rate would become untenable. When that happens, the space station crew will have to permanently close the hatch to seal off the PrK and prevent a major failure from affecting the rest of the complex.</p> </div> </div> <div class="dusk:bg-gray-100 hidden min-w-[300px] justify-self-end dark:bg-gray-50 lg:block"> <div class="ad-wrapper is-sticky is-rail"> <div class="ad-wrapper-inner"> <div class="ad ad--rail"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ad-wrapper with-label is-fullwidth"> <div class="ad-wrapper-inner"> <div class="ad ad--mid-content"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mt-2.5 mx-auto px-[15px] sm:px-5 lg:grid lg:max-w-5xl lg:grid-cols-3 lg:gap-6 lg:px-8 xl:px-0"> <div class="relative lg:col-span-2"> <div class="post-content post-content-double"> <p>"The station is not young," said Michael Barratt, a NASA astronaut who returned from the space station last month. "It's been up there for quite a while, and you expect some wear and tear, and we're seeing that."</p> <p>"The Russians believe that continued operations are safe, but they can't prove to our satisfaction that they are," said Cabana, who was the senior civil servant at NASA until his retirement in 2023. "And the US believes that it's not safe, but we can't prove that to the Russian satisfaction that that's the case.</p> <p>"So while the Russian team continues to search for and seal the leaks, it does not believe catastrophic disintegration of the PrK is realistic," Cabana said. "And NASA has expressed concerns about the structural integrity of the PrK and the possibility of a catastrophic failure."</p> <p>Closing the PrK hatch permanently would eliminate the use of one of the space station's four Russian docking ports.</p> <p>NASA has chartered a team of independent experts to assess the cracks and leaks and help determine the root cause, Cabana said. "This is an engineering problem, and good engineers should be able to agree on it."</p> <p>As a precaution, Barratt said space station crews are also closing the hatch separating the US and Russian sections of the space station when cosmonauts are working in the PrK.</p> <p>"The way it's affected us, mostly, is as they go in and open that to unload a cargo vehicle that's docked to it, they've also taken time to inspect and try to repair when they can," Barratt said. "We've taken a very conservative approach to closing the hatch between the US side and the Russian side for those time periods.</p> <p>"It's not a comfortable thing, but it is the best agreement between all the smart people on both sides, and it's something that we as a crew live with and adapt."</p> </div> <div class="-mx-2.5 sm:mx-0"> </div> <div class="author-mini-bio"> <div class="flex flex-col items-start gap-5 border-t-4 py-5 dark:border-gray-700 sm:flex-row"> <div class="flex items-center gap-3"> <a class="relative block aspect-square h-24 w-24 shrink-0 overflow-hidden rounded-full border-4 border-green-400" href="https://arstechnica.com/author/stephenclark/"><img class="absolute left-0 top-0 min-h-full min-w-full object-cover" src="/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/clarkstephenheadshot-md.jpg" alt="Photo of Stephen Clark"></a> <div class="font-impact mb-0 text-left text-base font-semibold uppercase sm:hidden"> <a href="https://arstechnica.com/author/stephenclark/">Stephen Clark</a> <span class="block font-sans text-sm font-normal italic sm:inline-block">Space Reporter</span> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="font-impact mb-0 hidden text-left text-base font-semibold uppercase sm:block"> <a href="https://arstechnica.com/author/stephenclark/">Stephen Clark</a> <span class="block font-sans text-sm font-normal italic sm:ml-2 sm:inline-block">Space Reporter</span> </div> <div class="text-left text-base leading-5 text-gray-400" itemprop="description"> Stephen Clark is a space reporter at Ars Technica, covering private space companies and the world’s space agencies. Stephen writes about the nexus of technology, science, policy, and business on and off the planet. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="story-tools flex items-center justify-between border-b-4 border-t-4 text-sm dark:border-gray-700 sm:text-lg"> <a class="view-comments font-impact my-5 flex items-center gap-2 whitespace-nowrap font-semibold uppercase" href="https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/11/nasa-roscosmos-disagree-on-risk-of-catastrophic-failure-from-iss-air-leak/#comments" title="151 comments"> <svg class="text-gray-300 hover:text-gray-500 h-6 w-6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 80 80"><defs><clipPath id="bubble-zero_svg__a"><path fill="none" stroke-width="0" d="M0 0h80v80H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="bubble-zero_svg__b"><path fill="none" stroke-width="0" d="M0 0h80v80H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#bubble-zero_svg__a)"><g fill="currentColor" clip-path="url(#bubble-zero_svg__b)"><path d="M80 40c0 22.09-17.91 40-40 40S0 62.09 0 40 17.91 0 40 0s40 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The ISS has been leaking air for 5 years, and engineers still don’t know why - Ars Technica