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White House - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1789–1800" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1789–1800"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1789–1800</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1789–1800-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architectural_competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architectural_competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Architectural competition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architectural_competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Design influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architectural_description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architectural_description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Architectural description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architectural_description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming_conventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_conventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Naming conventions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_conventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution_of_the_White_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution_of_the_White_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Evolution of the White House</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution_of_the_White_House-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution of the White House subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution_of_the_White_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_use,_1814_burning,_and_reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_use,_1814_burning,_and_reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early use, 1814 burning, and reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_use,_1814_burning,_and_reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overcrowding_and_building_the_West_Wing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overcrowding_and_building_the_West_Wing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Overcrowding and building the West Wing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overcrowding_and_building_the_West_Wing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Truman_reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Truman_reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Truman reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Truman_reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jacqueline_Kennedy_restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jacqueline_Kennedy_restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Jacqueline Kennedy restoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jacqueline_Kennedy_restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_White_House_since_the_Kennedy_restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_White_House_since_the_Kennedy_restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The White House since the Kennedy restoration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_White_House_since_the_Kennedy_restoration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The White House since the Kennedy restoration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_White_House_since_the_Kennedy_restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Layout_and_amenities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layout_and_amenities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Layout and amenities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Layout_and_amenities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_Residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_Residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Executive Residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_Residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Wing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Wing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>West Wing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Wing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Wing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Wing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>East Wing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Wing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Grounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_access_and_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_access_and_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Public access and security</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_access_and_security-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public access and security subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_access_and_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_accessibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_accessibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historical accessibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_accessibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Aviation incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closure_of_Pennsylvania_Avenue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closure_of_Pennsylvania_Avenue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Closure of Pennsylvania Avenue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closure_of_Pennsylvania_Avenue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">White House</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 128 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withuis" title="Withuis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Withuis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8B%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%83%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%B5" title="ዋይት ሃውስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዋይት ሃውስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="البيت الأبيض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البيت الأبيض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Սպիտակ Տուն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սպիտակ Տուն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Blanca" title="Casa Blanca – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Casa Blanca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janq%27u_Uta" title="Janq&#039;u Uta – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Janq&#039;u Uta" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9F_Ev" title="Ağ Ev – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağ Ev" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%BA_%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="آغ ائو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آغ ائو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedung_Putih" title="Gedung Putih – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gedung Putih" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8" title="হোয়াইট হাউস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হোয়াইট হাউস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh_Chh%C3%B9" title="Pe̍h Chhù – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pe̍h Chhù" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Белы дом – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Белы дом" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Белы дом – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Белы дом" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8" title="व्हाइट हाउस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="व्हाइट हाउस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Белият дом – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Белият дом" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fes_Haus" title="Weißes Haus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Weißes Haus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijela_ku%C4%87a" title="Bijela kuća – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bijela kuća" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti_Gwenn" title="Ti Gwenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ti Gwenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Blanca" title="Casa Blanca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Casa Blanca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83_%C3%A7%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шурă çурт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шурă çурт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balayng_Puti" title="Balayng Puti – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Balayng Puti" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADl%C3%BD_d%C5%AFm" title="Bílý dům – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bílý dům" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_T%C5%B7_Gwyn" title="Y Tŷ Gwyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Tŷ Gwyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_Hvide_Hus" title="Det Hvide Hus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det Hvide Hus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="لبيت لبيض – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لبيت لبيض" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fes_Haus" title="Weißes Haus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weißes Haus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%93%DE%B0_%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ވައިޓް ހައުސް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވައިޓް ހައުސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valge_Maja" title="Valge Maja – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valge Maja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%9F%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Λευκός Οίκος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λευκός Οίκος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Blanca" title="Casa Blanca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Casa Blanca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_Domo_(Va%C5%9Dingtono)" title="Blanka Domo (Vaŝingtono) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Blanka Domo (Vaŝingtono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etxe_Zuria" title="Etxe Zuria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etxe Zuria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE_%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کاخ سفید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاخ سفید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%B0_hv%C3%ADta_h%C3%BAsi%C3%B0" title="Tað hvíta húsið – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tað hvíta húsið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison-Blanche" title="Maison-Blanche – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maison-Blanche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wite_H%C3%BBs_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Wite Hûs (Washington, D.C.) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wite Hûs (Washington, D.C.)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Nazareth" title="White House Nazareth – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="White House Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Teach_B%C3%A1n" title="An Teach Bán – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Teach Bán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Branca" title="Casa Branca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Casa Branca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%CC%8Dk-ki%C3%BBng" title="Pa̍k-kiûng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pa̍k-kiûng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%95%85%EA%B4%80" title="백악관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백악관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="White House" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Սպիտակ տուն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպիտակ տուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8" title="व्हाइट हाउस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्हाइट हाउस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijela_ku%C4%87a" title="Bijela kuća – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bijela kuća" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_Domo" title="Blanka Domo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Blanka Domo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedung_Putih" title="Gedung Putih – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gedung Putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Blanc" title="Casa Blanc – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Casa Blanc" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%81_%D1%85%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Урс хæдзар – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Урс хæдзар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C3%ADta_h%C3%BAsi%C3%B0" title="Hvíta húsið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvíta húsið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Bianca" title="Casa Bianca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Casa Bianca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="הבית הלבן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבית הלבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedhung_Putih" title="Gedhung Putih – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gedhung Putih" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8" title="ಶ್ವೇತ ಭವನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶ್ವೇತ ಭವನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თეთრი სახლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თეთრი სახლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B_%D2%AE%D0%B9" title="Ақ Үй – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ақ Үй" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perezidansi_y%E2%80%99Amerika" title="Perezidansi y’Amerika – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Perezidansi y’Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezon_Blanch" title="Mezon Blanch – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mezon Blanch" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qesra_Sp%C3%AE" title="Qesra Spî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qesra Spî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA_%D2%AF%D0%B9_(%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8)" title="Ак үй (АКШ) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ак үй (АКШ)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domus_Alba" title="Domus Alba – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Domus Alba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltais_nams" title="Baltais nams – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baltais nams" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltieji_r%C5%ABmai" title="Baltieji rūmai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baltieji rūmai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Blanca" title="Casa Blanca – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Casa Blanca" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0_Bianca" title="Cà Bianca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cà Bianca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feh%C3%A9r_H%C3%A1z" title="Fehér Ház – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fehér Ház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8" title="ह्वाइट हाउस – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ह्वाइट हाउस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%9C%D0%B0" title="Белата куќа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Белата куќа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C" title="വൈറ്റ്‌ഹൗസ്‌ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈറ്റ്‌ഹൗസ്‌" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B8" title="व्हाइट हाऊस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हाइट हाऊस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="البيت الابيض – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البيت الابيض" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="اسپه کاخ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپه کاخ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_Putih" title="Rumah Putih – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rumah Putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83h_G%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng" title="Băh Gṳ̆ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Băh Gṳ̆ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Цагаан ордон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цагаан ордон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="အိမ်ဖြူတော် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိမ်ဖြူတော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witte_Huis_(Washington)" title="Witte Huis (Washington) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Witte Huis (Washington)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8" title="ह्वाइट हाउस – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ह्वाइट हाउस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="ホワイトハウス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホワイトハウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%B0_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="КӀайн ЦӀа (Вашингтон) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="КӀайн ЦӀа (Вашингтон)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_hvite_hus" title="Det hvite hus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det hvite hus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_kvite_huset_i_Washington,_D.C." title="Det kvite huset i Washington, D.C. – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det kvite huset i Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blianche_Ma%C3%AEson" title="Blianche Maîson – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Blianche Maîson" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostal_Blanc" title="Ostal Blanc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ostal Blanc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oq_uy" title="Oq uy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oq uy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B8" title="ਵਾਈਟ ਹਾਊਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਾਈਟ ਹਾਊਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B3" title="وائٹ ہاؤس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وائٹ ہاؤس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BC%DB%8D" title="سپينه ماڼۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سپينه ماڼۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanke-Moaison" title="Blanke-Moaison – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Blanke-Moaison" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca_bianca" title="Ca bianca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ca bianca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82y_Dom" title="Biały Dom – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biały Dom" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Branca" title="Casa Branca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Casa Branca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Alb%C4%83" title="Casa Albă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Casa Albă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Белый дом – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белый дом" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="White House" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sht%C3%ABpia_e_Bardh%C3%AB" title="Shtëpia e Bardhë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shtëpia e Bardhë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Janca" title="Casa Janca – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Casa Janca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="ධවල මන්දිරය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ධවල මන්දිරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="White House" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biely_dom" title="Biely dom – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biely dom" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_hi%C5%A1a" title="Bela hiša – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bela hiša" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="کۆشکی سپی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆشکی سپی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%9B%D0%B0" title="Бела кућа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бела кућа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijela_ku%C4%87a" title="Bijela kuća – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bijela kuća" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkoinen_talo" title="Valkoinen talo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valkoinen talo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_huset" title="Vita huset – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vita huset" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="White House" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="வெள்ளை மாளிகை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெள்ளை மாளிகை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Ак йорт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ак йорт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%82" title="శ్వేత సౌధం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శ్వేత సౌధం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="ทำเนียบขาว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทำเนียบขาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vo%27kome-m%C3%A2heo%27o" title="Vo&#039;kome-mâheo&#039;o – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vo&#039;kome-mâheo&#039;o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyaz_Saray" title="Beyaz Saray – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beyaz Saray" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak_Sara%C3%BD" title="Ak Saraý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ak Saraý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Білий дім – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Білий дім" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B3" title="وائٹ ہاؤس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وائٹ ہاؤس" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Official residence and workplace of the US president</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"1600 Pennsylvania Avenue" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/1600_Pennsylvania_Avenue_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="1600 Pennsylvania Avenue (disambiguation)">1600 Pennsylvania Avenue (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_House_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="White House (disambiguation)">White House (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">White House</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_north_and_south_sides.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/White_House_north_and_south_sides.jpg/250px-White_House_north_and_south_sides.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/White_House_north_and_south_sides.jpg/375px-White_House_north_and_south_sides.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/White_House_north_and_south_sides.jpg/500px-White_House_north_and_south_sides.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4418" data-file-height="5056" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Top: the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Residence" title="Executive Residence">Executive Residence</a>'s northern facade with a columned portico facing the North Lawn and <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square</a><br /> Bottom: the Executive Residence's southern facade with a semi-circular portico facing the <a href="/wiki/South_Lawn" title="South Lawn">South Lawn</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Ellipse" title="The Ellipse">The Ellipse</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_Washington,_D.C._central.png" class="mw-file-description" title="White House is located in Central Washington, D.C."><img alt="White House is located in Central Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Location_map_Washington%2C_D.C._central.png/240px-Location_map_Washington%2C_D.C._central.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Location_map_Washington%2C_D.C._central.png/360px-Location_map_Washington%2C_D.C._central.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Location_map_Washington%2C_D.C._central.png/480px-Location_map_Washington%2C_D.C._central.png 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="599" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.341%;left:39.764%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="White House"><img alt="White House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the White House in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Central Washington, D.C.</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_Washington_DC_Cleveland_Park_to_Southwest_Waterfront.png" class="mw-file-description" title="White House is located in Washington, D.C."><img alt="White House is located in Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Location_map_Washington_DC_Cleveland_Park_to_Southwest_Waterfront.png/240px-Location_map_Washington_DC_Cleveland_Park_to_Southwest_Waterfront.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Location_map_Washington_DC_Cleveland_Park_to_Southwest_Waterfront.png/360px-Location_map_Washington_DC_Cleveland_Park_to_Southwest_Waterfront.png 1.5x, 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style="display:none">Show map of Washington, D.C.</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="White House is located in the United States"><img alt="White House is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/240px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/360px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, 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colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palladian_architecture" title="Palladian architecture">Palladian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data">1600 <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a> <a href="/wiki/Northwest,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest, Washington, D.C.">NW</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> 20500<br />U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=White_House&amp;params=38_53_52_N_77_02_11_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°53′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°02′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.89778°N 77.03639°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">38.89778; -77.03639</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current tenants</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, President of the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Family_of_Joe_Biden" title="Family of Joe Biden">First Family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction started</th><td class="infobox-data">October&#160;13, 1792<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;232 years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1792-10-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">November&#160;1, 1800<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;224 years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1800-11-01</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-jYAHg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jYAHg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Federal Government of the United States</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor area</th><td class="infobox-data">55,000&#160;sq&#160;ft (5,100&#160;m<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Hoban" title="James Hoban">James Hoban</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe" title="Benjamin Henry Latrobe">Benjamin Henry Latrobe</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitehouse.gov">whitehouse<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #87CEEB"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated&#160;NHL</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">December 19, 1960</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_the_White_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aerial_view_of_the_White_House.jpg/260px-Aerial_view_of_the_White_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aerial_view_of_the_White_House.jpg/390px-Aerial_view_of_the_White_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aerial_view_of_the_White_House.jpg/520px-Aerial_view_of_the_White_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the White House complex, including <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a> (closed to traffic) in the foreground, the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Residence" title="Executive Residence">Executive Residence</a> and North Portico (center), the <a href="/wiki/East_Wing" title="East Wing">East Wing</a> (left), and the <a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> at its southeast corner.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>White House</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">official residence</a> and workplace of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. Located at 1600 <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a> <a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Northwest (Washington, D.C.)">NW</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, it has served as the residence of every U.S. president since <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> in 1800 when the national capital was moved from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The "White House" is also used as a <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonym</a> to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The residence was designed by <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a>-born architect <a href="/wiki/James_Hoban" title="James Hoban">James Hoban</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> style.<sup id="cite_ref-TSGjH_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSGjH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hoban modeled the building on <a href="/wiki/Leinster_House" title="Leinster House">Leinster House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, a building which today houses the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a>, the Irish legislature. Constructed between 1792 and 1800, its exterior walls are <a href="/wiki/Aquia_Creek_sandstone" title="Aquia Creek sandstone">Aquia Creek sandstone</a> painted white. When <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> moved into the house in 1801, he and architect <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe" title="Benjamin Henry Latrobe">Benjamin Henry Latrobe</a> added low <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnades</a> on each wing to conceal what then were stables and storage.<sup id="cite_ref-bwDpG_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bwDpG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1814, during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the mansion was set ablaze by <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> forces in the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">burning of Washington</a>, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> moved into the partially reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Executive_Residence" title="Executive Residence">Executive Residence</a> in October 1817. Exterior construction continued with the addition of the semicircular South Portico in 1824 and the North Portico in 1829. </p><p>Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed <a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a> in 1901. Eight years later, in 1909, President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> expanded the West Wing and created the first <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, which was eventually moved and expanded. In the Executive Residence, the third floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing <a href="/wiki/Hip_roof" title="Hip roof">hip roof</a> with long shed dormers. A newly constructed <a href="/wiki/East_Wing" title="East Wing">East Wing</a> was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. The East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the residence's load-bearing walls and wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing <a href="/wiki/Steel_frame" title="Steel frame">steel frame</a> was constructed inside the walls. On the exterior, the <a href="/wiki/Truman_Balcony" title="Truman Balcony">Truman Balcony</a> was added. Once the structural work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt. </p><p>The present-day White House complex includes the Executive Residence, the West Wing, the East Wing, the <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a>, which previously served the <a href="/wiki/United_States_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="United States State Department">State Department</a> and other departments (it now houses additional offices for the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">president's staff</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a>, a guest residence. The Executive Residence is made up of six stories: the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, and Third Floor, and a two-story <a href="/wiki/White_House_basement" title="White House basement">basement</a>. The property is a <a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_Site_(United_States)" title="National Heritage Site (United States)">National Heritage Site</a> owned by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> and is part of the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Park" title="President&#39;s Park">President's Park</a>. In 2007, it was ranked second on the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Architects" title="American Institute of Architects">American Institute of Architects</a> list of <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Favorite_Architecture" title="America&#39;s Favorite Architecture">America's Favorite Architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1AvjX_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1AvjX-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1789–1800"><span id="1789.E2.80.931800"></span>1789–1800</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington#Residences" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency of George Washington §&#160;Residences</a></div> <p>Following his April 1789 inauguration, President <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> occupied two private houses in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, which served as the executive mansion. He lived at the first, the <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">Walter Franklin House</a>, which was owned by Treasury Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood" title="Samuel Osgood">Samuel Osgood</a>, at 3<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>Cherry Street, through late February 1790.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker1897_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker1897-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mvorg_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mvorg-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The executive mansion moved to the larger quarters at <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Alexander Macomb House</a> at 39–41 <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mvorg_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mvorg-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> where Washington stayed with his wife <a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha</a> and a small staff until August 1790. In May 1790, construction began on a new official residence in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> called <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(New_York_City)" title="Government House (New York City)">Government House</a>. </p><p>Washington never lived at Government House since the national capital was moved to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> in 1790, where it remained through 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stokes_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stokes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The July 1790 <a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a> designated the capital be permanently located in the new <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Federal District</a>, and temporarily in Philadelphia for ten years while the permanent capital was built.<sup id="cite_ref-6ylva_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ylva-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Philadelphia rented the mansion of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a>, a merchant, at 190 High Street, now 524–30 <a href="/wiki/Market_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Market Street (Philadelphia)">Market Street</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President&#39;s House (Philadelphia)">President's House</a>, which Washington occupied from November 1790 to March 1797.<sup id="cite_ref-ushist_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since the house was too small to accommodate the 30 people who then made up the presidential family, staff, and servants, Washington had it enlarged.<sup id="cite_ref-ushist_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>, who succeeded Washington and served as the nation's second president, occupied the High Street mansion in Philadelphia from March 1797 to May 1800. Philadelphia began construction of a much grander <a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Ninth_Street)" title="President&#39;s House (Ninth Street)">presidential mansion</a> several blocks away in 1792. It was nearly completed by the time of Adams' 1797 inauguration. However, Adams chose not to occupy it, saying he did not have <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congressional</a> authorization to lease the building. It remained vacant until 1800 when it was sold to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Westcott1894_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westcott1894-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Saturday, November 1, 1800, Adams became the first president to occupy the White House.<sup id="cite_ref-jK8YA_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jK8YA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The President's House in Philadelphia was converted into Union Hotel and later used for stores before being demolished in 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-ushist_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architectural_competition">Architectural competition</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CharlestonCountyCourthouse(cropped)_HABS361451pv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/CharlestonCountyCourthouse%28cropped%29_HABS361451pv.jpg/260px-CharlestonCountyCourthouse%28cropped%29_HABS361451pv.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/CharlestonCountyCourthouse%28cropped%29_HABS361451pv.jpg/390px-CharlestonCountyCourthouse%28cropped%29_HABS361451pv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/CharlestonCountyCourthouse%28cropped%29_HABS361451pv.jpg/520px-CharlestonCountyCourthouse%28cropped%29_HABS361451pv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4775" data-file-height="3348" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Hoban" title="James Hoban">James Hoban</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Charleston_County_Courthouse" title="Charleston County Courthouse">Charleston County Courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a> (1790–92). <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a> is known to have admired this design.</figcaption></figure> <p>The President's House was a major feature of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Charles_L%27Enfant" title="Pierre Charles L&#39;Enfant">Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1791 <a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plan" title="L&#39;Enfant Plan">plan</a> for the newly established federal city of Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-IYuWd_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IYuWd-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After L'Enfant's dismissal in early 1792, Washington and his Secretary of State, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, who both had personal interests in architecture, agreed that the design of the President's House and the Capitol would be chosen in a <a href="/wiki/Architectural_design_competition" title="Architectural design competition">design competition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frary_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frary-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nine proposals were submitted for the new presidential residence with the award going to Irish-American architect <a href="/wiki/James_Hoban" title="James Hoban">James Hoban</a>. Hoban supervised the construction of both the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a> and the White House.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hoban was born in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and trained at the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Society_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Society of Arts">Dublin Society of Arts</a>. He emigrated to the U.S. after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, first seeking work in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and later finding success in <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, where he designed the state capitol in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HobanWHProgressDrawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/HobanWHProgressDrawing.jpg/260px-HobanWHProgressDrawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/HobanWHProgressDrawing.jpg/390px-HobanWHProgressDrawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/HobanWHProgressDrawing.jpg/520px-HobanWHProgressDrawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>A 1793 <a href="/wiki/Multiview_orthographic_projection#Elevation" title="Multiview orthographic projection">elevation</a> by James Hoban. His three-story, nine-bay original submission was altered into this two-story, 11-bay design.</figcaption></figure> <p>President Washington visited <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, in May 1791 on his Southern Tour, and saw the <a href="/wiki/Charleston_County_Courthouse" title="Charleston County Courthouse">Charleston County Courthouse</a> then under construction, which had been designed by Hoban. Washington is reputed to have met with Hoban during the visit. The following year, Washington summoned the architect to Philadelphia and met with him in June 1792.<sup id="cite_ref-eYnQA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eYnQA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 16, 1792, the president met with the commissioners of the federal city to make his judgment in the architectural competition. His review is recorded as being brief, and he quickly selected Hoban's submission.<sup id="cite_ref-nUHxy_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nUHxy-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_influences">Design influences</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> design of the White House is based primarily on architectural concepts inherited from the Roman architect <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venetian</a> architect <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Palladio" title="Andrea Palladio">Andrea Palladio</a>. The design of the upper floors also includes elements based on Dublin's <a href="/wiki/Leinster_House" title="Leinster House">Leinster House</a>, which later became the seat of the Irish parliament (<a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Ywh2c_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ywh2c-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The upper windows with alternate triangular and segmented pediments are inspired by the Irish building.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Additionally, several Georgian-era Irish country houses have been suggested as sources of inspiration for the overall floor plan, including the bow-fronted south front and the former niches in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Blue_Room_(White_House)" title="Blue Room (White House)">Blue Room</a>. </p><p>The first official White House guide, published in 1962, suggested a link between Hoban's design for the South Portico and <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Rastignac" title="Château de Rastignac">Château de Rastignac</a>, a neoclassical country house in <a href="/wiki/La_Bachellerie" title="La Bachellerie">La Bachellerie</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a> region of France. Construction on the French house was initially started before 1789, interrupted by the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> for 20 years, and then finally built between 1812 and 1817 based on Salat's pre-1789 design.<sup id="cite_ref-France?_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France?-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The conceptual link between the two houses has been criticized because Hoban did not visit France. Supporters of the connection contend that <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, during his tour of <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> in 1789, viewed Salat's architectural drawings, which were on file at <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Sp%C3%A9ciale_d%27Architecture" title="École Spéciale d&#39;Architecture">École Spéciale d'Architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On his return to the U.S., Jefferson then shared the influence with <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>, Hoban, Monroe, and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe" title="Benjamin Henry Latrobe">Benjamin Henry Latrobe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-France?_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France?-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3></div> <p>Construction of the White House began at noon on October 13, 1792, with the laying of the cornerstone.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yLpeA_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yLpeA-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The main residence and foundations of the house were built largely by both <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">enslaved</a> and free <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> laborers, and employed <a href="/wiki/Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeans">Europeans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mJ52j_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mJ52j-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Much of the other work on the house was done by immigrants, many of whom had not yet obtained citizenship, including the sandstone walls, which were erected by <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> immigrants<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, the high-relief rose, and garland decorations above the north entrance and the fish scale pattern beneath the pediments of the window hoods. </p><p>There are conflicting claims as to where the sandstone used in the construction of the White House originated. Some reports suggest sandstone from the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">Croatian island</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bra%C4%8D" title="Brač">Brač</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Pu%C4%8Di%C5%A1%C4%87a" title="Pučišća">Pučišća</a> quarry whose stone was used to build the ancient <a href="/wiki/Diocletian%27s_Palace" title="Diocletian&#39;s Palace">Diocletian's Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a>, was used in the building's original construction. However, researchers believe limestone from the island was used in the 1902 renovations and not the original construction. Others suggest the original sandstone simply came from <a href="/wiki/Aquia_Creek" title="Aquia Creek">Aquia Creek</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford County, Virginia</a>, since importation of the stone at the time would have proved too costly.<sup id="cite_ref-zQgqd_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zQgqd-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L0Ydi_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L0Ydi-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-J1ZuL_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J1ZuL-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The initial construction took place over a period of eight years at a reported cost of $232,371.83 (equivalent to $4,172,000&#32;in 2023). Although not yet completed, the White House was ready for occupancy circa November 1, 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-XEjY4_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XEjY4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pierre_L%27Enfant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre L&#39;Enfant">Pierre L'Enfant</a>'s plan for a grand palace was five times larger than the house that was eventually built.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Due in part to material and labor shortages, the finished structure contained only two main floors instead of the planned three, and a less costly brick served as a lining for the stone façades. When construction was finished, the porous sandstone walls were <a href="/wiki/Whitewash" title="Whitewash">whitewashed</a> with a mixture of lime, rice glue, casein, and lead, giving the house its familiar color and name.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architectural_description">Architectural description</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latrobe_White_House_cropa2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Latrobe_White_House_cropa2.jpg/200px-Latrobe_White_House_cropa2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Latrobe_White_House_cropa2.jpg/300px-Latrobe_White_House_cropa2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Latrobe_White_House_cropa2.jpg/400px-Latrobe_White_House_cropa2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3746" data-file-height="4756" /></a><figcaption>The principal story plan for the White House by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe" title="Benjamin Henry Latrobe">Benjamin Henry Latrobe</a>, 1807</figcaption></figure> <p>The main entrance is located on the north façade under a <a href="/wiki/Porte-coch%C3%A8re" title="Porte-cochère">porte cochere</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a> columns.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The ground floor is hidden by a raised carriage ramp and <a href="/wiki/Parapet" title="Parapet">parapet</a>. The central three bays are situated behind a <a href="/wiki/Prostyle" title="Prostyle">prostyle</a> portico that was added <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1830</span>. The windows of the four bays flanking the portico, at first-floor level, have alternating pointed and segmented <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediments</a>, while the second-floor pediments are flat. A <a href="/wiki/Lunette" title="Lunette">lunette</a> <a href="/wiki/Fanlight" title="Fanlight">fanlight</a> and a sculpted floral <a href="/wiki/Festoon" title="Festoon">festoon</a> surmount the entrance. The roofline is hidden by a balustraded <a href="/wiki/Parapet" title="Parapet">parapet</a>. </p><p>The three-level southern façade combines <a href="/wiki/Palladian" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladian">Palladian</a> and neoclassical architectural styles. The ground floor is <a href="/wiki/Rustication_(architecture)" title="Rustication (architecture)">rusticated</a> in the Palladian fashion. The south portico was completed in 1824.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the center of the southern façade is a neoclassical projected bow of three bays. The bow is flanked by five bays, the windows of which, as on the north façade, have alternating segmented and pointed pediments at first-floor level. The bow has a ground-floor <a href="/wiki/Double_staircase" class="mw-redirect" title="Double staircase">double staircase</a> leading to an <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a> <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnaded</a> <a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">loggia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Truman_Balcony" title="Truman Balcony">Truman Balcony</a>, built in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The more modern third floor is hidden by a balustraded parapet and plays no part in the composition of the façade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming_conventions">Naming conventions</h3></div> <p>The building was originally variously referred to as the <b>President's Palace</b>, <b>Presidential Mansion</b>, or <b>President's House</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-xVvhI_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xVvhI-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The earliest evidence of the public calling it the "White House" was recorded in 1811.<sup id="cite_ref-8Rmlj_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8Rmlj-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A myth emerged that during the rebuilding of the structure after the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">Burning of Washington</a>, white paint was applied to mask the burn damage it had suffered,<sup id="cite_ref-A3bMb_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A3bMb-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> giving the building its namesake hue.<sup id="cite_ref-EdqBf_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdqBf-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The name "Executive Mansion" was used in official contexts until President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> established "The White House" as its formal name in 1901 via Executive Order.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The current letterhead wording and arrangement of "The White House" with the word "Washington" centered beneath it dates to the administration of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WH_facts_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH_facts-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the structure was not completed until some years after the presidency of George Washington, there is speculation that the name of the traditional residence of the president of the United States may have been derived from <a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a>'s home, <a href="/wiki/White_House_(plantation)" title="White House (plantation)">White House Plantation</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, where the nation's first president courted the first lady in the mid-18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-D7o2v_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D7o2v-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_of_the_White_House">Evolution of the White House</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_use,_1814_burning,_and_reconstruction"><span id="Early_use.2C_1814_burning.2C_and_reconstruction"></span>Early use, 1814 burning, and reconstruction</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_President%27s_House_by_George_Munger,_1814-1815_-_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_President%27s_House_by_George_Munger%2C_1814-1815_-_Crop.jpg/260px-The_President%27s_House_by_George_Munger%2C_1814-1815_-_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_President%27s_House_by_George_Munger%2C_1814-1815_-_Crop.jpg/390px-The_President%27s_House_by_George_Munger%2C_1814-1815_-_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_President%27s_House_by_George_Munger%2C_1814-1815_-_Crop.jpg/520px-The_President%27s_House_by_George_Munger%2C_1814-1815_-_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2085" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>The White House ruins after the fire of August 24, 1814</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White-House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/White-House.jpg/260px-White-House.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/White-House.jpg/390px-White-House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/White-House.jpg/520px-White-House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe" title="Benjamin Henry Latrobe">Latrobe</a>'s West Wing Colonnade, in this 19th-century engraved view, is now the <a href="/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room">James S. Brady Press Briefing Room</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On Saturday, November 1, 1800, <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> became the first president to take residence in the building.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The next day he wrote his wife Abigail: "I pray Heaven to bestow the best of blessings on this House, and all that shall hereafter inhabit it. May none but honest and wise men ever rule under this roof."<sup id="cite_ref-whha_state_dining_room_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_state_dining_room-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> had Adams's blessing carved into the mantel in the State Dining Room.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_state_dining_room_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_state_dining_room-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adams lived in the house only briefly before <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> moved into the "pleasant country residence"<sup id="cite_ref-NRJJd_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRJJd-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in 1801. Despite his complaints that the house was too big ("big enough for two emperors, one pope, and the grand lama in the bargain"),<sup id="cite_ref-sacjA_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sacjA-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Jefferson considered how the White House might be expanded and improved. With <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe" title="Benjamin Henry Latrobe">Benjamin Henry Latrobe</a>, he helped lay out the design for the East and West Colonnades, small wings that helped conceal the domestic operations of laundry, a stable and storage.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Today, Jefferson's colonnades link the residence with the East and West Wings.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1814, during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the White House was burned by <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> forces during the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">Burning of Washington</a>, in retaliation for acts of destruction by American troops in <a href="/wiki/The_Canadas" title="The Canadas">the Canadas</a>; much of Washington was affected by these fires as well.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_east_room_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_east_room-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Only the exterior walls remained, and they had to be torn down and mostly reconstructed because of weakening from the fire and subsequent exposure to the elements, except for portions of the south wall. Of the numerous objects taken from the White House when it was sacked by the British, only three have been recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_east_room_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_east_room-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>White House employees and slaves rescued a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_portrait" title="Lansdowne portrait">Lansdowne portrait</a>, and in 1939 a Canadian man returned a jewelry box to President Franklin Roosevelt, claiming that his grandfather had taken it from Washington; in the same year, a medicine chest that had belonged to President Madison was returned by the descendants of a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> officer.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_east_room_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_east_room-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some observers allege that most of the spoils of war taken during the sack were lost when a convoy of British ships led by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Fantome_(1810)" title="HMS Fantome (1810)">HMS <i>Fantome</i></a> sank en route to <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a> off <a href="/wiki/Prospect,_Nova_Scotia" title="Prospect, Nova Scotia">Prospect</a> during a storm on the night of November 24, 1814, even though <i>Fantome</i> had no involvement in that action.<sup id="cite_ref-K9M68_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K9M68-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iDYQ3_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iDYQ3-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2ZhT4_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2ZhT4-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the fire, President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> resided in <a href="/wiki/The_Octagon_House_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Octagon House (Washington, D.C.)">the Octagon House</a> from 1814 to 1815, and then in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Buildings" title="Seven Buildings">Seven Buildings</a> from 1815 to the end of his term.<sup id="cite_ref-KQzqy_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KQzqy-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, both Hoban and Latrobe contributed to the design and oversight of the reconstruction, which lasted from 1815 until 1817. The south <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">portico</a> was constructed in 1824 during the <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> administration. The north portico was built in 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Though Latrobe proposed similar porticos before the fire in 1814, both porticos were built as designed by Hoban.<sup id="cite_ref-tbe3z_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tbe3z-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> An elliptical portico at <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Rastignac" title="Château de Rastignac">Château de Rastignac</a> in La Bachellerie, France, with nearly identical curved stairs, is speculated as the source of inspiration due to its similarity with the South Portico,<sup id="cite_ref-wh_museum_1825–1872_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_museum_1825–1872-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> although this matter is one of great debate.<sup id="cite_ref-wSPdx_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wSPdx-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italian artisans, brought to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> to help in constructing the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a>, carved the decorative stonework on both porticos. Contrary to speculation, the North Portico was not modeled on a similar portico on another Dublin building, the <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in" title="Áras an Uachtaráin">Viceregal Lodge</a> (now <i>Áras an Uachtaráin</i>, residence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">president of Ireland</a>), for its portico postdates the White House porticos' design.<sup id="cite_ref-wh_museum_1825–1872_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_museum_1825–1872-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For the North Portico, a variation on the <a href="/wiki/Ionic_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic Order">Ionic Order</a> was devised, incorporating a swag of roses between the volutes. This was done to link the new portico with the earlier carved roses above the entrance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overcrowding_and_building_the_West_Wing">Overcrowding and building the West Wing</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1860s_White_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/1860s_White_House.jpg/260px-1860s_White_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/1860s_White_House.jpg/390px-1860s_White_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/1860s_White_House.jpg/520px-1860s_White_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>The White House and <a href="/wiki/North_Lawn_(White_House)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Lawn (White House)">North Lawn</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a> administration in the 1860s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_north_entrance_hall_featuring_Tiffany_glass_screen_installed_by_Louis_Comfort_Tiffany_-_DPLA_-_0cc563164343e34cffcb62570cf9fa7a_(page_1)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/White_House_north_entrance_hall_featuring_Tiffany_glass_screen_installed_by_Louis_Comfort_Tiffany_-_DPLA_-_0cc563164343e34cffcb62570cf9fa7a_%28page_1%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/White_House_north_entrance_hall_featuring_Tiffany_glass_screen_installed_by_Louis_Comfort_Tiffany_-_DPLA_-_0cc563164343e34cffcb62570cf9fa7a_%28page_1%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/390px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/White_House_north_entrance_hall_featuring_Tiffany_glass_screen_installed_by_Louis_Comfort_Tiffany_-_DPLA_-_0cc563164343e34cffcb62570cf9fa7a_%28page_1%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/520px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5679" data-file-height="3625" /></a><figcaption>1890 White House Entrance Hall featuring Tiffany glass screen</figcaption></figure> <p>By the time of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, the White House had become overcrowded. The location of the White House, just north of a canal and swampy lands, which provided conditions ripe for <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and other unhealthy conditions, was questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-epstein_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epstein-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Brigadier General Nathaniel Michler was tasked with proposing solutions to address these concerns. He proposed abandoning the use of the White House as a residence, and he designed a new estate for the first family at <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Hill_Park" title="Meridian Hill Park">Meridian Hill</a> in Washington, D.C. Congress, however, rejected the plan.<sup id="cite_ref-epstein_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epstein-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Another option was Metropolis View, which is now the campus of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America" title="Catholic University of America">The Catholic University of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MqIIY_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MqIIY-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> took office in 1881, he ordered renovations to the White House to take place as soon as the recently widowed <a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Garfield" title="Lucretia Garfield">Lucretia Garfield</a> moved out. Arthur inspected the work almost nightly and made several suggestions. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Comfort_Tiffany" title="Louis Comfort Tiffany">Louis Comfort Tiffany</a> was asked to send selected designers to assist. Over twenty wagonloads of furniture and household items were removed from the building and sold at a <a href="/wiki/Public_auction" class="mw-redirect" title="Public auction">public auction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reeves268_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reeves268-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> All that was saved were bust portraits of <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reevesn473_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reevesn473-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A proposal was made to build a new residence south of the White House, but it failed to gain support. </p><p>In the fall of 1882, work was done on the main corridor, including tinting the walls pale olive and adding squares of <a href="/wiki/Gold_leaf" title="Gold leaf">gold leaf</a>, and decorating the ceiling in gold and silver, with colorful <a href="/wiki/Tracery" title="Tracery">traceries</a> woven to spell "USA." The Red Room was painted a dull Pomeranian red, and its ceiling was decorated with gold, silver, and copper stars and stripes of red, white, and blue. A fifty-foot jeweled <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_glass" title="Tiffany glass">Tiffany glass</a> screen, supported by imitation marble columns, replaced the glass doors that separated the main corridor from the north vestibule.<sup id="cite_ref-reeves269_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reeves269-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bFjvZ_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bFjvZ-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1891, First Lady <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Harrison" title="Caroline Harrison">Caroline Harrison</a> proposed major extensions to the White House, including a National Wing on the east for a historical art gallery, and a wing on the west for official functions.<sup id="cite_ref-epstein_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epstein-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A plan was devised by Colonel Theodore A. Bingham that reflected the Harrison proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-epstein_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epstein-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These plans were ultimately rejected. </p><p>In 1902, however, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> hired <a href="/wiki/McKim,_Mead_%26_White" title="McKim, Mead &amp; White">McKim, Mead &amp; White</a> to carry out expansions and renovations in a neoclassical style suited to the building's architecture, removing the Tiffany screen and all Victorian additions.<sup id="cite_ref-Yl4bH_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yl4bH-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-R6fqD_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R6fqD-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Follen_McKim" title="Charles Follen McKim">Charles McKim</a> himself designed and managed the project, which gave more living space to the president's large family by removing a staircase in the West Hall and moving executive office staff from the second floor of the residence into the new West Wing.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> enlisted the help of architect <a href="/wiki/Nathan_C._Wyeth" title="Nathan C. Wyeth">Nathan C. Wyeth</a> to add additional space to the West Wing, which included the addition of the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-epstein_56-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epstein-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1925, Congress enacted legislation allowing the White House to accept gifts of furniture and art for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-AbbottRice_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbbottRice-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 17">&#58;&#8202;17&#8202;</span></sup> The West Wing was damaged by fire on Christmas Eve 1929; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> and his aides moved back into it on April 14, 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-oeGVZ_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oeGVZ-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the 1930s, a second story was added, as well as a larger basement for White House staff, and President Franklin Roosevelt had the Oval Office moved to its present location: adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">Rose Garden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Truman_reconstruction">Truman reconstruction</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/White_House_Reconstruction" title="White House Reconstruction">White House Reconstruction</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Shell_of_the_White_House_during_the_Renovation-05-17-1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/The_Shell_of_the_White_House_during_the_Renovation-05-17-1950.jpg/200px-The_Shell_of_the_White_House_during_the_Renovation-05-17-1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/The_Shell_of_the_White_House_during_the_Renovation-05-17-1950.jpg/300px-The_Shell_of_the_White_House_during_the_Renovation-05-17-1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/The_Shell_of_the_White_House_during_the_Renovation-05-17-1950.jpg/400px-The_Shell_of_the_White_House_during_the_Renovation-05-17-1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2070" data-file-height="2881" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> reconstruction between 1949 and 1952 included a steel structure built within the White House's exterior shell.</figcaption></figure> <p>Decades of poor maintenance, the construction of a fourth-story attic during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Calvin_Coolidge" title="Presidency of Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge administration</a>, and the addition of a second-floor balcony over the south portico for <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a><sup id="cite_ref-wh_museum_1948–1952_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_museum_1948–1952-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> took a great toll on the brick and sandstone structure built around a timber frame.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By 1948, the house was declared to be in imminent danger of collapse, forcing President Truman to commission a reconstruction and to live across the street at <a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a> from 1949 to 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-OA7bu_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OA7bu-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The work, completed by the firm of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> contractor <a href="/wiki/John_McShain" title="John McShain">John McShain</a>, required the complete dismantling of the interior spaces, construction of a new load-bearing internal steel frame, and the reconstruction of the original rooms within the new structure.<sup id="cite_ref-wh_museum_1948–1952_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_museum_1948–1952-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The total cost of the renovations was about $5.7<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million ($67 million in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-vm2mG_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vm2mG-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some modifications to the floor plan were made, the largest being the repositioning of the grand staircase to open into the Entrance Hall, rather than the Cross Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-wh_museum_1948–1952_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_museum_1948–1952-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Central air conditioning was added, as well as two additional sub-basements providing space for workrooms, storage, and a bomb shelter.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Trumans moved back into the White House on March 27, 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-whha_overview_28-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whha_overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Truman reconstruction preserved the house's structure, much of the new interior finishes were generic and of little historic significance. Much of the original plasterwork, some dating back to the 1814–1816 rebuilding, was too damaged to reinstall, as was the original robust Beaux Arts paneling in the East Room. President Truman had the original timber frame sawed into paneling; the walls of the <a href="/wiki/Vermeil_Room" title="Vermeil Room">Vermeil Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library_(White_House)" class="mw-redirect" title="Library (White House)">Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Room" title="China Room">China Room</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Map_Room_(White_House)" title="Map Room (White House)">Map Room</a> on the ground floor of the main residence were paneled in wood from the timbers.<sup id="cite_ref-UtzOl_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UtzOl-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jacqueline_Kennedy_restoration">Jacqueline Kennedy restoration</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BoudinRedRoom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BoudinRedRoom.jpg/260px-BoudinRedRoom.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BoudinRedRoom.jpg/390px-BoudinRedRoom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BoudinRedRoom.jpg/520px-BoudinRedRoom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Red_Room_(White_House)" title="Red Room (White House)">Red Room</a> as designed by <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Boudin" title="Stéphane Boudin">Stéphane Boudin</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy administration</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline Kennedy">Jacqueline Kennedy</a>, wife of President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961–63), directed a very extensive and historic redecoration of the house. She enlisted the help of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Francis_du_Pont" title="Henry Francis du Pont">Henry Francis du Pont</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Winterthur_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Winterthur Museum">Winterthur Museum</a> to assist in collecting artifacts for the mansion, many of which had once been housed there.<sup id="cite_ref-wh_museum_kennedy_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_museum_kennedy-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other antiques, fine paintings, and improvements from the Kennedy period were donated to the White House by wealthy philanthropists, including the <a href="/wiki/Crowninshield_family" title="Crowninshield family">Crowninshield family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Engelhard" title="Jane Engelhard">Jane Engelhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jayne_Wrightsman" title="Jayne Wrightsman">Jayne Wrightsman</a>, and the Oppenheimer family. </p><p><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Boudin" title="Stéphane Boudin">Stéphane Boudin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maison_Jansen" title="Maison Jansen">House of Jansen</a>, a Paris interior-design firm that had been recognized worldwide, was employed by Jacqueline Kennedy to assist with the decoration.<sup id="cite_ref-wh_museum_kennedy_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_museum_kennedy-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Different periods of the early republic and world history were selected as a theme for each room: the Federal style for the <a href="/wiki/Green_Room_(White_House)" title="Green Room (White House)">Green Room</a>, French Empire for the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Room_(White_House)" title="Blue Room (White House)">Blue Room</a>, American Empire for the <a href="/wiki/Red_Room_(White_House)" title="Red Room (White House)">Red Room</a>, Louis XVI for the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Oval_Room" title="Yellow Oval Room">Yellow Oval Room</a>, and Victorian for the president's study, renamed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_Room" title="Treaty Room">Treaty Room</a>. Antique furniture was acquired, and decorative fabric and trim based on period documents was produced and installed.<sup id="cite_ref-wh_museum_kennedy_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_museum_kennedy-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kennedy restoration resulted in a more authentic White House of grander stature, which recalled the French taste of Madison and Monroe.<sup id="cite_ref-wh_museum_kennedy_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_museum_kennedy-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Reception_Room_(White_House)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic Reception Room (White House)">Diplomatic Reception Room</a>, Mrs. Kennedy installed an antique "Vue de l'Amérique Nord" wallpaper which <a href="/wiki/Zuber_%26_Cie" title="Zuber &amp; Cie">Zuber &amp; Cie</a> had designed in 1834. The wallpaper had hung previously on the walls of another mansion until 1961 when that house was demolished for a grocery store. Just before the demolition, the wallpaper was salvaged and sold to the White House. </p><p>The first White House guidebook was produced under the direction of curator Lorraine Waxman Pearce with direct supervision from Mrs. Kennedy.<sup id="cite_ref-OLizx_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OLizx-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sales of the guidebook helped finance the restoration. </p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/A_Tour_of_the_White_House_with_Mrs._John_F._Kennedy" title="A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy">televised tour of the house</a> on <a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine&#39;s Day">Valentine's Day</a> in 1962, Kennedy showed her restoration of the White House to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-CBSFeb12_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSFeb12-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_White_House_since_the_Kennedy_restoration">The White House since the Kennedy restoration</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Lafayette_Park_and_Washington_Mall,_Washington,_D.C._LCCN2010630447.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Aerial_view_of_Lafayette_Park_and_Washington_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2010630447.jpg/260px-Aerial_view_of_Lafayette_Park_and_Washington_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2010630447.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Aerial_view_of_Lafayette_Park_and_Washington_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2010630447.jpg/390px-Aerial_view_of_Lafayette_Park_and_Washington_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2010630447.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Aerial_view_of_Lafayette_Park_and_Washington_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2010630447.jpg/520px-Aerial_view_of_Lafayette_Park_and_Washington_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2010630447.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>The White House complex and vicinity, viewed from the north with the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> visible to the south</figcaption></figure> <p>Congress enacted legislation in September 1961 declaring the White House a museum. Furniture, <a href="/wiki/Fixture_(tool)" title="Fixture (tool)">fixtures</a>, and decorative arts could now be declared either historic or of artistic interest by the president. This prevented them from being sold (as many objects in the executive mansion had been in the past 150 years). When not in use or display at the White House, these items were to be turned over to the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> for preservation, study, storage, or exhibition. The White House retains the right to have these items returned.<sup id="cite_ref-AbbottRice_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbbottRice-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 29">&#58;&#8202;29&#8202;</span></sup> </p><p>Out of respect for the historic character of the White House, no substantive architectural changes have been made to the house since the Truman renovation.<sup id="cite_ref-YsEpb_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YsEpb-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since the Kennedy restoration, every presidential family has made some changes to the private quarters of the White House, but the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_White_House" title="Committee for the Preservation of the White House">Committee for the Preservation of the White House</a> must approve any modifications to the State Rooms. Charged with maintaining the historical integrity of the White House, the congressionally authorized committee works with each First Family — usually represented by the first lady, the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Curator" title="White House Office of the Curator">White House curator</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Usher" title="White House Chief Usher">chief usher</a> — to implement the family's proposals for altering the house.<sup id="cite_ref-nJVBo_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nJVBo-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Nixon_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixon Administration">Nixon Administration</a> (1969–1974), First Lady <a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Pat Nixon</a> refurbished the Green Room, Blue Room, and Red Room, working with <a href="/wiki/Clement_Conger" title="Clement Conger">Clement Conger</a>, the curator appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-t2zEz_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t2zEz-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mrs. Nixon's efforts brought more than 600 artifacts to the house, the largest acquisition by any administration.<sup id="cite_ref-MF74M_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MF74M-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Her husband created the <a href="/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room">modern press briefing room</a> over <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a>'s old swimming pool.<sup id="cite_ref-press_room_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-press_room-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nixon also added a single-lane bowling alley to the White House basement.<sup id="cite_ref-gMser_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gMser-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Computers and the first <a href="/wiki/Laser_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser printer">laser printer</a> were added during the <a href="/wiki/Carter_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Carter administration">Carter administration</a>, and the use of computer technology was expanded during the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan administration">Reagan administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gff8t_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gff8t-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A Carter-era innovation, a set of <a href="/wiki/Solar_water_heating" title="Solar water heating">solar water heating</a> panels that were mounted on the roof of the White House, was removed during Reagan's presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-wq6cM_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wq6cM-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burdick_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burdick-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Redecorations were made to the private family quarters and maintenance was made to public areas during the Reagan years.<sup id="cite_ref-da1980_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-da1980-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The house was accredited as a museum in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-da1980_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-da1980-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> refurbished some rooms with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> decorator Kaki Hockersmith, including the Oval Office, the East Room, Blue Room, <a href="/wiki/State_Dining_Room_of_the_White_House" title="State Dining Room of the White House">State Dining Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Bedroom" title="Lincoln Bedroom">Lincoln Bedroom</a>, and Lincoln Sitting Room.<sup id="cite_ref-wh_makeover_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_makeover-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">administration of George W. Bush</a>, First Lady <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> refurbished the Lincoln Bedroom in a style contemporary with the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln era</a>; the Green Room, <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Room_(White_House)" title="Cabinet Room (White House)">Cabinet Room</a>, and theater were also refurbished.<sup id="cite_ref-wh_makeover_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wh_makeover-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The White House became one of the first wheelchair-accessible government buildings in Washington, D.C., when modifications were made during the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, who used a wheelchair because of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt%27s_paralytic_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt&#39;s paralytic illness">his paralytic illness</a>. In the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, at the suggestion of the Visitors Office director, approved the addition of a ramp in the East Wing corridor, affording easier <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchair</a> access for the public tours and special events that enter through the secure entrance building on the east side. </p><p>In 2003, the Bush administration reinstalled solar thermal heaters.<sup id="cite_ref-Burdick_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burdick-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These units are used to heat water for landscape maintenance personnel and for the <a href="/wiki/White_House_swimming_pool" title="White House swimming pool">presidential pool</a> and spa. One hundred sixty-seven solar photovoltaic grid-tied panels were installed at the same time on the roof of the maintenance facility. The changes were not publicized as a White House spokeswoman said the changes were an internal matter, but the story was covered by industry trade journals.<sup id="cite_ref-FCAxL_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCAxL-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2013, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> had a set of <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panels</a> installed on the roof of the White House, making it the first time solar power was used for the president's living quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-ztiyM_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ztiyM-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BA0aA_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BA0aA-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Layout_and_amenities">Layout and amenities</h3></div> <p>The current group of buildings housing the presidency is known as the White House Complex. It includes the central <a href="/wiki/Executive_Residence" title="Executive Residence">Executive Residence</a> flanked by the <a href="/wiki/East_Wing" title="East Wing">East Wing</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a>. The <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Usher" title="White House Chief Usher">chief usher</a> coordinates day to day household operations. The White House includes six stories and 55,000 square feet (5,100&#160;m<sup>2</sup>) of floor space, 132 rooms and 35 <a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">bathrooms</a>, 412 doors, 147 windows, 28 fireplaces, eight staircases, three elevators, five full-time chefs, <a href="/wiki/White_House_tennis_court" title="White House tennis court">a tennis court</a>, a (single-lane) bowling alley, a movie theater (officially called the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Family_Theater" title="White House Family Theater">White House Family Theater</a><sup id="cite_ref-JDYhZ_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDYhZ-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>), a jogging track, <a href="/wiki/White_House_swimming_pool" title="White House swimming pool">a swimming pool</a>, and a putting green.<sup id="cite_ref-WH_facts_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH_facts-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It receives up to 30,000 visitors each week.<sup id="cite_ref-bumiller200901_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bumiller200901-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:548px;max-width:548px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:70px;max-width:70px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WH-OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WH-OSM.png/68px-WH-OSM.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WH-OSM.png/102px-WH-OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WH-OSM.png/136px-WH-OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1990" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Layout of entire site</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WHComplex.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/WHComplex.svg/300px-WHComplex.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/WHComplex.svg/450px-WHComplex.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/WHComplex.svg/600px-WHComplex.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="276" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">White House Complex</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:170px;max-width:170px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_West_Wing_FloorPlan1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/White_House_West_Wing_FloorPlan1.svg/168px-White_House_West_Wing_FloorPlan1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="168" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/White_House_West_Wing_FloorPlan1.svg/252px-White_House_West_Wing_FloorPlan1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/White_House_West_Wing_FloorPlan1.svg/336px-White_House_West_Wing_FloorPlan1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1474" data-file-height="873" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WHground.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/WHground.svg/150px-WHground.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/WHground.svg/225px-WHground.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/WHground.svg/300px-WHground.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ground floor</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_State_Floor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/White_House_State_Floor.svg/153px-White_House_State_Floor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/White_House_State_Floor.svg/230px-White_House_State_Floor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/White_House_State_Floor.svg/306px-White_House_State_Floor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">State floor</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_FloorPlan2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/White_House_FloorPlan2.svg/150px-White_House_FloorPlan2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/White_House_FloorPlan2.svg/225px-White_House_FloorPlan2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/White_House_FloorPlan2.svg/300px-White_House_FloorPlan2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Second floor (residence)</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_Residence">Executive Residence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Executive_Residence" title="Executive Residence">Executive Residence</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White-house-floor1-cross-Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/White-house-floor1-cross-Hall.jpg/240px-White-house-floor1-cross-Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/White-house-floor1-cross-Hall.jpg/360px-White-house-floor1-cross-Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/White-house-floor1-cross-Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cross_Hall" title="Cross Hall">Cross Hall</a>, connecting the <a href="/wiki/State_Dining_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="State Dining Room">State Dining Room</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_Room" title="East Room">East Room</a> on the State Floor</figcaption></figure> <p>The original residence is in the center. Two <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnades</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;one on the east and one on the west&#160;&#8211;&#32;designed by Jefferson, now serve to connect the East and West Wings added later. The <a href="/wiki/Executive_Residence" title="Executive Residence">Executive Residence</a> houses the president's dwelling, as well as rooms for ceremonies and official entertaining. The State Floor of the residence building includes the <a href="/wiki/East_Room" title="East Room">East Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Room_(White_House)" title="Green Room (White House)">Green Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Room_(White_House)" title="Blue Room (White House)">Blue Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Room_(White_House)" title="Red Room (White House)">Red Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Dining_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="State Dining Room">State Dining Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Family_Dining_Room" title="Family Dining Room">Family Dining Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross_Hall" title="Cross Hall">Cross Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entrance_Hall" title="Entrance Hall">Entrance Hall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Staircase_(White_House)" title="Grand Staircase (White House)">Grand Staircase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OwkS5_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OwkS5-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Ground Floor is made up of the <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Reception_Room" title="Diplomatic Reception Room">Diplomatic Reception Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Map_Room_(White_House)" title="Map Room (White House)">Map Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Room" title="China Room">China Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermeil_Room" title="Vermeil Room">Vermeil Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Library" title="White House Library">Library</a>, the main kitchen, and other offices.<sup id="cite_ref-8vyYA_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8vyYA-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second floor family residence includes the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Oval_Room" title="Yellow Oval Room">Yellow Oval Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Sitting_Hall" title="East Sitting Hall">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Sitting_Hall" title="West Sitting Hall">West Sitting Halls</a>, the White House Master Bedroom, <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Dining_Room" title="President&#39;s Dining Room">President's Dining Room</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_Room" title="Treaty Room">Treaty Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Bedroom" title="Lincoln Bedroom">Lincoln Bedroom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queens%27_Bedroom" title="Queens&#39; Bedroom">Queens' Bedroom</a>, as well as two additional bedrooms, a smaller kitchen, and a private dressing room.<sup id="cite_ref-S4zYx_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S4zYx-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The third floor consists of the White House Solarium, Game Room, Linen Room, a Diet Kitchen, and another sitting room (previously used as President George W. Bush's workout room).<sup id="cite_ref-gqDUm_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gqDUm-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Wing">West Wing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a></div> <p>The West Wing houses the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">president's office</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>) and offices of his senior staff, with room for about 50 employees. It includes the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Room_(White_House)" title="Cabinet Room (White House)">Cabinet Room</a>, where the president conducts business meetings and where the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> meets,<sup id="cite_ref-kzExn_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kzExn-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Situation_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Situation Room">White House Situation Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room">James S. Brady Press Briefing Room</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Room" title="Roosevelt Room">Roosevelt Room</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cQOP2_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cQOP2-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2007, work was completed on renovations of the press briefing room, adding <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">fiber optic</a> cables and <a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> screens for the display of charts and graphs.<sup id="cite_ref-press_room2_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-press_room2-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The makeover took 11 months and cost of $8<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million, of which news outlets paid $2<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million.<sup id="cite_ref-press_room2_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-press_room2-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In September 2010, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Big_Dig" title="White House Big Dig">a two-year project</a> began on the West Wing, creating a multistory underground structure.<sup id="cite_ref-vyYFd_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vyYFd-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some members of the president's staff are located in the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a>, which was, until 1999, called the Old Executive Office Building and was historically the State, War, and Navy building.<sup id="cite_ref-press_room2_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-press_room2-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Oval Office, Roosevelt Room, and other portions of the West Wing were partially replicated on a <a href="/wiki/Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">sound stage</a> and used as the <a href="/wiki/Setting_(narrative)" title="Setting (narrative)">setting</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Wing_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The West Wing (TV series)">The West Wing</a></i> television show.<sup id="cite_ref-wKroZ_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wKroZ-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Wing">East Wing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/East_Wing" title="East Wing">East Wing</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/East_Wing" title="East Wing">East Wing</a>, which contains additional office space, was added to the White House in 1942. Among its uses, the East Wing has intermittently housed the offices and staff of the <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">first lady</a> and the White House Social Office. <a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a>, in 1977, was the first to place her personal office in the East Wing and to formally call it the "Office of the First Lady". The East Wing was built during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in order to hide the construction of an underground bunker to be used in emergencies. The bunker has come to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Emergency_Operations_Center" title="Presidential Emergency Operations Center">Presidential Emergency Operations Center</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grounds">Grounds</h3></div> <p>The White House and grounds cover just over 18 acres (about 7.3 hectares). Before the construction of the North Portico, most public events were entered from the <a href="/wiki/South_Lawn_(White_House)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Lawn (White House)">South Lawn</a>, the grading and planting of which was ordered by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson also drafted a planting plan for the <a href="/wiki/North_Lawn_(White_House)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Lawn (White House)">North Lawn</a> that included large trees that would have mostly obscured the house from Pennsylvania Avenue. During the mid-to-late 19th century a series of ever larger <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouses</a> were built on the west side of the house, where the current West Wing is located. During this period, the North Lawn was planted with ornate carpet-style flowerbeds. </p><p>The general layout of the White House grounds today is based on the 1935 design by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted_Jr." title="Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.">Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Olmsted_Brothers" title="Olmsted Brothers">Olmsted Brothers</a> firm, commissioned by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the Kennedy administration, the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">White House Rose Garden</a> was redesigned by <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Lambert_Mellon" title="Rachel Lambert Mellon">Rachel Lambert Mellon</a>. The Rose Garden borders the West Colonnade. Bordering the East Colonnade is the <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Garden" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Garden">Jacqueline Kennedy Garden</a>, which was begun by <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline Kennedy">Jacqueline Kennedy</a> but completed after her husband's assassination. </p><p>On the weekend of June 23, <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>, a century-old <a href="/wiki/American_Elm" class="mw-redirect" title="American Elm">American Elm</a> (<i>Ulmus americana</i> L.) tree on the north side of the building came down during one of the <a href="/wiki/2006_Mid-Atlantic_United_States_flood" title="2006 Mid-Atlantic United States flood">many storms amid intense flooding</a>. Among the oldest trees on the grounds are several magnolias (<i><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_grandiflora" title="Magnolia grandiflora">Magnolia grandiflora</a></i>) planted by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>, including the Jackson Magnolia, reportedly grown from a sprout taken from the favorite tree of Jackson's recently deceased wife, the sprout planted after Jackson moved into the White House. The tree stood for over 200 years. In 2017, having become too weak to stand on its own, it was decided it should be removed and replaced with one of its offspring.<sup id="cite_ref-CcD01_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CcD01-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KpnOF_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KpnOF-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> planted the White House's first <a href="/wiki/Organic_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic garden">organic garden</a> and installed beehives on the <a href="/wiki/South_Lawn" title="South Lawn">South Lawn</a> of the White House, which will supply organic produce and honey to the First Family and for state dinners and other official gatherings.<sup id="cite_ref-U4C8Y_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U4C8Y-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2020, First Lady <a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a> redesigned the Rose Garden. <a href="/wiki/Berat_Albayrak" title="Berat Albayrak">Berat Albayrak</a>, Minister of Treasury and Finance of the Republic of Turkey, visited US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> at the White House. President Trump showed him around the rose garden.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhSouthLawn.JPEG" class="mw-file-description" title="Marine One prepares to land on the South Lawn, where State Arrival Ceremonies are held."><img alt="Marine One prepares to land on the South Lawn, where State Arrival Ceremonies are held." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/WhSouthLawn.JPEG/225px-WhSouthLawn.JPEG" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/WhSouthLawn.JPEG/338px-WhSouthLawn.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/WhSouthLawn.JPEG/450px-WhSouthLawn.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1988" data-file-height="1590" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Marine_One" title="Marine One">Marine One</a> prepares to land on the South Lawn, where <a href="/wiki/State_Arrival_Ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="State Arrival Ceremony">State Arrival Ceremonies</a> are held.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House,_Blue_Sky.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view from the south, with the south fountain"><img alt="A view from the south, with the south fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/White_House%2C_Blue_Sky.jpg/271px-White_House%2C_Blue_Sky.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/White_House%2C_Blue_Sky.jpg/406px-White_House%2C_Blue_Sky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/White_House%2C_Blue_Sky.jpg/541px-White_House%2C_Blue_Sky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view from the south, with the south fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1122-WAS-The_White_House.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A view from the north, with the north fountain"><img alt="A view from the north, with the north fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1122-WAS-The_White_House.JPG/270px-1122-WAS-The_White_House.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1122-WAS-The_White_House.JPG/405px-1122-WAS-The_White_House.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1122-WAS-The_White_House.JPG/540px-1122-WAS-The_White_House.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view from the north, with the north fountain</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_access_and_security">Public access and security</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/White_House_Visitors_Office" title="White House Visitors Office">White House Visitors Office</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_White_House_security_breaches" title="List of White House security breaches">List of White House security breaches</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_accessibility">Historical accessibility</h3></div> <p>Like the English and Irish country houses it was modeled on, the White House was, from the start, open to the public until the early part of the 20th century. President <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> held an open house for his second inaugural in 1805, and many of the people at his swearing-in ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol</a> followed him home, where he greeted them in the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Room_(White_House)" title="Blue Room (White House)">Blue Room</a>. Those open houses sometimes became rowdy: in 1829, President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> had to leave for a hotel when roughly 20,000 citizens celebrated his inauguration inside the White House. His aides ultimately had to lure the mob outside with washtubs filled with a potent cocktail of orange juice and whiskey.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The practice continued until 1885, when newly elected <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> arranged for a presidential review of the troops from a grandstand in front of the White House instead of the traditional open house. Inspired by Washington's open houses in New York and Philadelphia, John Adams began the tradition of the <a href="/wiki/White_House_New_Year%27s_Reception" title="White House New Year&#39;s Reception">White House New Year's Reception</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Jefferson permitted public tours of his house, which have continued ever since, except during wartime, and began the tradition of an annual reception on the Fourth of July. Those receptions ended in the early 1930s. President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> briefly revived the New Year's Day open house in his first term. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation_incidents">Aviation incidents</h3></div> <p>In February 1974, a stolen <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> helicopter <a href="/wiki/1974_White_House_helicopter_incident" title="1974 White House helicopter incident">landed without authorization</a> on the White House's grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-bXgDO_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bXgDO-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Twenty years later, in 1994, a stolen <a href="/wiki/Cessna_150" title="Cessna 150">light plane</a> flown by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Eugene_Corder" title="Frank Eugene Corder">Frank Eugene Corder</a> crashed on White House grounds, instantly killing him.<sup id="cite_ref-JO4kZ_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JO4kZ-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, shortly after notice of the plane impacts, the White House staff and other occupants were ordered to evacuate by the <a href="/wiki/US_Secret_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="US Secret Service">U.S. Secret Service</a> after a call was made to them from <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport">Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport</a> air traffic control staff, stating, "There is an aircraft coming at you," though an aircraft never did show up.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 12, 2005, as a result of increased security regarding air traffic in the capital, the White House was evacuated after an unauthorized aircraft approached near the grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-ZScbt_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZScbt-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After being forced to land by two <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 fighter jets</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">Black Hawk helicopter</a> at a small airport nearby, the pilot was identified to be a student pilot who accidentally breached White House grounds without knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-ZScbt_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZScbt-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 27, 2015, at 3 a.m. an intoxicated man flew a <a href="/wiki/Quadcopter" title="Quadcopter">quadcopter</a> drone from his apartment near the White House but lost control of it, prompting it to crash on the southeast side on White House grounds. The White House was temporarily locked down by the Secret Service shortly after an officer reported witnessing "[a] drone flying at a low altitude." Investigators suspected that the drone accidentally flew and breached into the property because of either wind or trees.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2023, fighter jets moved to <a href="/wiki/2023_Virginia_plane_crash" title="2023 Virginia plane crash">intercept a light aircraft that violated Washington DC airspace</a> near the White House, before it crashed in Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> All occupants in the intrusion aircraft were killed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closure_of_Pennsylvania_Avenue">Closure of Pennsylvania Avenue</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Secret_Service_Agent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/U.S._Secret_Service_Agent.jpg/170px-U.S._Secret_Service_Agent.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/U.S._Secret_Service_Agent.jpg/255px-U.S._Secret_Service_Agent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/U.S._Secret_Service_Agent.jpg/340px-U.S._Secret_Service_Agent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>A uniformed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">U.S. Secret Service</a> agent on <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On May 20, 1995, primarily as a response to the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Oklahoma City bombing</a> of April 19, 1995, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> closed off Pennsylvania Avenue to vehicular traffic in front of the White House, from the eastern edge of Lafayette Park to 17th Street. Later, the closure was extended an additional block to the east to 15th Street, and East Executive Avenue, a small street between the White House and the <a href="/wiki/Treasury_Building_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.)">Treasury Building</a>. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11, 2001</a>, this change was made permanent, in addition to closing E Street between the South Portico of the White House and <a href="/wiki/The_Ellipse" title="The Ellipse">the Ellipse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VuiCP_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VuiCP-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In response to the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon_bombing" title="Boston Marathon bombing">Boston Marathon bombing</a>, the road was closed to the public in its entirety for a period of two days. </p><p>The Pennsylvania Avenue closure has been opposed by organized civic groups in Washington, D.C. They argue that the closing impedes traffic flow unnecessarily and is inconsistent with the well-conceived historic plan for the city. As for security considerations, they note that the White House is set much farther back from the street than numerous other sensitive federal buildings are.<sup id="cite_ref-F17OZ_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F17OZ-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to its inclusion within the fenced compound that now includes the <a href="/wiki/Old_Executive_Office_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Executive Office Building">Old Executive Office Building</a> to the west and the Treasury Building to the east, this sidewalk<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="which sidewalk? (December 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> served as a queuing area for the daily public tours of the White House. These tours were suspended in the wake of the September 11 attacks. In September 2003, they resumed on a limited basis for groups making prior arrangements through their Congressional representatives or embassies in Washington for foreign nationals and submitting to background checks, but the White House remained closed to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-6Dutd_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6Dutd-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Due to budget constraints, White House tours were suspended for most of 2013 due to <a href="/wiki/United_States_budget_sequestration_in_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="United States budget sequestration in 2013">sequestration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1xVao_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1xVao-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The White House reopened to the public in November 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-msl6S_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msl6S-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection">Protection</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tourists_by_WH.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tourists_by_WH.JPG/220px-Tourists_by_WH.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tourists_by_WH.JPG/330px-Tourists_by_WH.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tourists_by_WH.JPG/440px-Tourists_by_WH.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2190" data-file-height="1691" /></a><figcaption>For security reasons, the section of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Pennsylvania Avenue</a> on the north side of the White House is closed to all vehicular traffic except that of government officials.</figcaption></figure> <p>The White House Complex is protected by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a>. </p><p>During the 2005 presidential inauguration, <a href="/wiki/NASAMS" title="NASAMS">NASAMS</a> (Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System) units were used to patrol the airspace over Washington, D.C. The same units have since been used to protect the president and all airspace around the White House, which is strictly prohibited to aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-2YCbp_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2YCbp-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-D55GA_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D55GA-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_First_Presidential_Mansion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The first presidential mansion, Samuel Osgood House in Manhattan, occupied by Washington from April 1789&#160;– February 1790"><img alt="The first presidential mansion, Samuel Osgood House in Manhattan, occupied by Washington from April 1789&#160;– February 1790" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_First_Presidential_Mansion.jpg/120px-The_First_Presidential_Mansion.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_First_Presidential_Mansion.jpg/180px-The_First_Presidential_Mansion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_First_Presidential_Mansion.jpg/240px-The_First_Presidential_Mansion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The first presidential mansion, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">Samuel Osgood House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, occupied by <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a> from April 1789&#160;&#8211;&#32;February 1790</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_Second_Presidential_Mansion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The second presidential mansion, Alexander Macomb House, in Manhattan, occupied by Washington from February–August 1790"><img alt="The second presidential mansion, Alexander Macomb House, in Manhattan, occupied by Washington from February–August 1790" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/New_York_Second_Presidential_Mansion.jpg/120px-New_York_Second_Presidential_Mansion.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/New_York_Second_Presidential_Mansion.jpg/180px-New_York_Second_Presidential_Mansion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/New_York_Second_Presidential_Mansion.jpg/240px-New_York_Second_Presidential_Mansion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="395" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The second presidential mansion, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Alexander Macomb House</a>, in Manhattan, occupied by Washington from February–August 1790</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dessin_de_Palladio_-_Projet_villa_des_comtes_Francesco_et_Lodovico_de_Trissini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andrea Palladio&#39;s illustration, Project for Francesco et Lodovico de Trissini, from the book I&#160;quattro libri dell&#39;architettura, published in 1570"><img alt="Andrea Palladio&#39;s illustration, Project for Francesco et Lodovico de Trissini, from the book I&#160;quattro libri dell&#39;architettura, published in 1570" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Dessin_de_Palladio_-_Projet_villa_des_comtes_Francesco_et_Lodovico_de_Trissini.jpg/81px-Dessin_de_Palladio_-_Projet_villa_des_comtes_Francesco_et_Lodovico_de_Trissini.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Dessin_de_Palladio_-_Projet_villa_des_comtes_Francesco_et_Lodovico_de_Trissini.jpg/121px-Dessin_de_Palladio_-_Projet_villa_des_comtes_Francesco_et_Lodovico_de_Trissini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Dessin_de_Palladio_-_Projet_villa_des_comtes_Francesco_et_Lodovico_de_Trissini.jpg/162px-Dessin_de_Palladio_-_Projet_villa_des_comtes_Francesco_et_Lodovico_de_Trissini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Palladio" title="Andrea Palladio">Andrea Palladio</a>'s illustration, <i>Project for Francesco et Lodovico de Trissini</i>, from the book <i><a href="/wiki/I_quattro_libri_dell%27architettura" title="I quattro libri dell&#39;architettura">I&#160;quattro libri dell'architettura</a></i>, published in 1570</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_North_Side_Comparison2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The North Portico of the White House compared to Leinster House"><img alt="The North Portico of the White House compared to Leinster House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/White_House_North_Side_Comparison2.jpg/83px-White_House_North_Side_Comparison2.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/White_House_North_Side_Comparison2.jpg/125px-White_House_North_Side_Comparison2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/White_House_North_Side_Comparison2.jpg/167px-White_House_North_Side_Comparison2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1278" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The North Portico of the White House compared to <a href="/wiki/Leinster_House" title="Leinster House">Leinster House</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_South_Side_Comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Château de Rastignac compared to the South Portico of the White House, c. 1846"><img alt="The Château de Rastignac compared to the South Portico of the White House, c. 1846" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/White_House_South_Side_Comparison.jpg/107px-White_House_South_Side_Comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/White_House_South_Side_Comparison.jpg/161px-White_House_South_Side_Comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/White_House_South_Side_Comparison.jpg/215px-White_House_South_Side_Comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Rastignac" title="Château de Rastignac">Château de Rastignac</a> compared to the South Portico of the White House, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1846</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The third presidential mansion, President&#39;s House in Philadelphia, occupied by Washington from November 1790&#160;– March 1797. Occupied by Adams: March 1797&#160;– May 1800"><img alt="The third presidential mansion, President&#39;s House in Philadelphia, occupied by Washington from November 1790&#160;– March 1797. Occupied by Adams: March 1797&#160;– May 1800" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg/120px-PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg/180px-PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg/240px-PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The third presidential mansion, <a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="President&#39;s House (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)">President's House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, occupied by Washington from November 1790&#160;&#8211;&#32;March 1797. Occupied by Adams: March 1797&#160;&#8211;&#32;May 1800</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Government_House,_New_York_1650665.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Government House in Manhattan, built in 1790–1791, was designed to be the permanent presidential mansion, but Congress moved the national capital to Philadelphia before its completion."><img alt="Government House in Manhattan, built in 1790–1791, was designed to be the permanent presidential mansion, but Congress moved the national capital to Philadelphia before its completion." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Government_House%2C_New_York_1650665.jpg/120px-The_Government_House%2C_New_York_1650665.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Government_House%2C_New_York_1650665.jpg/180px-The_Government_House%2C_New_York_1650665.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Government_House%2C_New_York_1650665.jpg/240px-The_Government_House%2C_New_York_1650665.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="552" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Government_House_(New_York_City)" title="Government House (New York City)">Government House</a> in Manhattan, built in 1790–1791, was designed to be the permanent presidential mansion, but <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> moved the national capital to Philadelphia before its completion.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_intended_for_the_President_Birch%27s_Views_Plate_13_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="President&#39;s House in Philadelphia (built in the 1790s), was not used by any president after the presidential mansion, known as the White House, was moved from Philadelphia to the new national capital of Washington, D.C."><img alt="President&#39;s House in Philadelphia (built in the 1790s), was not used by any president after the presidential mansion, known as the White House, was moved from Philadelphia to the new national capital of Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/House_intended_for_the_President_Birch%27s_Views_Plate_13_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-House_intended_for_the_President_Birch%27s_Views_Plate_13_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/House_intended_for_the_President_Birch%27s_Views_Plate_13_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-House_intended_for_the_President_Birch%27s_Views_Plate_13_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/House_intended_for_the_President_Birch%27s_Views_Plate_13_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-House_intended_for_the_President_Birch%27s_Views_Plate_13_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10138" data-file-height="7945" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Ninth_Street)" title="President&#39;s House (Ninth Street)">President's House</a> in Philadelphia (built in the 1790s), was not used by any president after the presidential mansion, known as the White House, was moved from Philadelphia to the new national capital of Washington, D.C.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The earliest known photograph of the White House, taken c. 1846 by John Plumbe during the administration of James K. Polk"><img alt="The earliest known photograph of the White House, taken c. 1846 by John Plumbe during the administration of James K. Polk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/White_House_1846.jpg/120px-White_House_1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/White_House_1846.jpg/180px-White_House_1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/White_House_1846.jpg/240px-White_House_1846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3591" data-file-height="2751" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The earliest known photograph of the White House, taken <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1846</span> by <a href="/wiki/John_Plumbe" title="John Plumbe">John Plumbe</a> during the administration of <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteHouseProposedAddition.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Additions proposed by architect Frederick D. Owen in 1901"><img alt="Additions proposed by architect Frederick D. Owen in 1901" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/WhiteHouseProposedAddition.jpg/120px-WhiteHouseProposedAddition.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/WhiteHouseProposedAddition.jpg/180px-WhiteHouseProposedAddition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/WhiteHouseProposedAddition.jpg/240px-WhiteHouseProposedAddition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1161" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Additions proposed by architect Frederick D. Owen in 1901</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_$20_Series_2006_Reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The building&#39;s north front has been on the reverse of the U.S. $20 bill since 1998; an illustration of the south side was used for 70 years prior to its issuance."><img alt="The building&#39;s north front has been on the reverse of the U.S. $20 bill since 1998; an illustration of the south side was used for 70 years prior to its issuance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_%2420_Series_2006_Reverse.jpg/120px-US_%2420_Series_2006_Reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_%2420_Series_2006_Reverse.jpg/180px-US_%2420_Series_2006_Reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_%2420_Series_2006_Reverse.jpg/240px-US_%2420_Series_2006_Reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7308" data-file-height="3106" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The building's north front has been on the reverse of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_twenty-dollar_bill" title="United States twenty-dollar bill">U.S. $20 bill</a> since 1998; an illustration of the south side was used for 70 years prior to its issuance.</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Architecture of Washington, D.C.">Architecture of Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_White_House" title="Art in the White House">Art in the White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Casanave" title="Pedro Casanave">Pedro Casanave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_and_Calligraphy_Office" title="Graphics and Calligraphy Office">Graphics and Calligraphy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_houses_in_the_United_States" title="List of largest houses in the United States">List of largest houses in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.">List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_buildings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of the oldest buildings in Washington, D.C.">List of the oldest buildings in Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_residences_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of residences of presidents of the United States">List of residences of presidents of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_One_Observatory_Circle" title="Number One Observatory Circle">Number One Observatory Circle</a>, residence of the vice president</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_White_House" title="Replicas of the White House">Replicas of the White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_District_of_Columbia#White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Reportedly haunted locations in the District of Columbia">Reported White House ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Acquisition_Trust" title="White House Acquisition Trust">White House Acquisition Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Calligrapher" title="White House Chief Calligrapher">White House Chief Calligrapher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Floral_Designer" title="White House Chief Floral Designer">White House Chief Floral Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Christmas_tree" title="White House Christmas tree">White House Christmas tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Agency" title="White House Communications Agency">White House Communications Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Endowment_Trust" title="White House Endowment Trust">White House Endowment Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Executive_Chef" title="White House Executive Chef">White House Executive Chef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Fellows" title="White House Fellows">White House Fellows</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_House_History" title="White House History">White House History</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Social_Secretary" title="White House Social Secretary">White House Social Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rooms_in_the_White_House" title="Category:Rooms in the White House">Category:Rooms in the White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House COVID-19 outbreak</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L'Enfant identified himself as "Peter Charles L'Enfant" during most of his life while residing in the United States. He wrote this name on his <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3850.ct000512">"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t(he) United States<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>..."</a> (Washington, D.C.) and on other legal documents. However, during the early 1900s, a French ambassador <a href="/wiki/Jean_Jules_Jusserand" title="Jean Jules Jusserand">Jean Jules Jusserand</a> popularized the use of L'Enfant's birth name, "Pierre Charles L'Enfant". (Reference: Bowling, Kenneth R (2002). <i>Peter Charles L'Enfant: vision, honor, and male friendship in the early American Republic.</i> George Washington University, Washington, D.C. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9727611-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9727611-0-9">978-0-9727611-0-9</a>). The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> states in <a href="/wiki/Title_40_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 40 of the United States Code">40&#160;U.S.C.</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/40/3309">§&#160;3309</a>: "(a) In General.&#160;&#8211;&#32;The purposes of this chapter shall be carried out in the District of Columbia as nearly as may be practicable in harmony with the plan of Peter Charles L'Enfant." The <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> identifies L'Enfant as "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/Wash/text.htm#washington">Major Peter Charles L'Enfant</a>" and as "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/washington_monument.html">Major Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant</a>" on its website.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jYAHg-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jYAHg_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-adams-moves-into-white-house">"John Adams moves into White House"</a>. <i>History.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226114626/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-adams-moves-into-white-house">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Washington+After+the+Revolution%3A+1784%E2%80%931799&amp;rft.pages=118&amp;rft.date=1897&amp;rft.aulast=Baker&amp;rft.aufirst=William+Spohn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwashingtonafter00bakegoog&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mvorg-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mvorg_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mvorg_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/presidential-residency-in-new-york/">"Presidential Residency in New York"</a>. <i>mountvernon.org</i>. The Fred W. Smith Library for the Study of George Washington at Mount Vernon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119185229/https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/presidential-residency-in-new-york/">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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W. H. Barr. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicmansion01westgoog/page/n288">270</a>–272<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Historic+Mansions+and+Buildings+of+Philadelphia%3A+With+Some+Notice+of+Their+Owners+and+Occupants&amp;rft.pages=270-272&amp;rft.pub=W.+H.+Barr&amp;rft.date=1894&amp;rft.aulast=Westcott&amp;rft.aufirst=Thompson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricmansion01westgoog&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jK8YA-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jK8YA_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/john-adams/">"John Adams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WhiteHouse.gov" class="mw-redirect" title="WhiteHouse.gov">WhiteHouse.gov</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171219130020/https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/john-adams/">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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White House Historical Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousehistory.org/02/subs/02_b09.html">the original</a> on October 2, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+State+Dining+Room&amp;rft.pub=White+House+Historical+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2F02%2Fsubs%2F02_b09.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRJJd-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NRJJd_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140405143931/http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?170179">"Jefferson Describes the White House"</a>. <i>Original Manuscripts and Primary Sources</i>. Shapell Manuscript Foundation. 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Routledge, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92320-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92320-0">978-0-415-92320-0</a>. p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whha_east_room-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whha_east_room_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whha_east_room_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whha_east_room_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007081129/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/02/subs/02_b03.html">"The East Room"</a>. White House Historical Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousehistory.org/02/subs/02_b03.html">the original</a> on October 7, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+East+Room&amp;rft.pub=White+House+Historical+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2F02%2Fsubs%2F02_b03.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLafferty2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lafferty, Renee (July 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-sacking-of-york">"The Sacking of York"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125205728/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-sacking-of-york">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Sacking+of+York&amp;rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.date=2015-07-13&amp;rft.aulast=Lafferty&amp;rft.aufirst=Renee&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fthe-sacking-of-york&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/reminders-of-1814-president-madisons-medicine-chest">"reminders of 1814: president madison's medicine chest"</a>. <i>whitehousehistory</i>. The White House Historical Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416114458/https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/reminders-of-1814-president-madisons-medicine-chest">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=whitehousehistory&amp;rft.atitle=reminders+of+1814%3A+president+madison%27s+medicine+chest&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fphotos%2Freminders-of-1814-president-madisons-medicine-chest&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snr.org.uk/the-mariners-mirror-podcast/hms-victory-and-the-battle-of-trafalgar/">"The Mariner's Mirror podcast (episode: the Battle of Trafalgar)"</a>. <i>Mariner's Mirror</i>. The Society for Nautical Research. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513221516/https://snr.org.uk/the-mariners-mirror-podcast/hms-victory-and-the-battle-of-trafalgar/">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2021</span>. <q>....we have in the archive, a letter from Franklin Roosevelt, the American president, and it's thanking a descendant of one of Victory's crews, who are returning a medicine chest to the White House....this image of, of Roosevelt sitting down and writing a wonderful, and patient thank you letter, when he knows that the Germans have just invaded Czechoslovakia.....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Mariner%27s+Mirror&amp;rft.atitle=The+Mariner%27s+Mirror+podcast+%28episode%3A+the+Battle+of+Trafalgar%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnr.org.uk%2Fthe-mariners-mirror-podcast%2Fhms-victory-and-the-battle-of-trafalgar%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-K9M68-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-K9M68_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203031420/http://www.canada.com/globaltv/national/story.html?id=1e2fb507-5704-45d5-a997-f4015c772e7c">"Treasure hunt or modern-day pirates?"</a>. canada.com. 2006. 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London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/british-warship-sunk-during-war-with-us-may-hold-lost-treasures-of-white-house-517123.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&amp;rft.atitle=A+chateau+fit+for+a+president&amp;rft.date=2006-09-15&amp;rft.aulast=Johnson&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2006%2F09%2F15%2Fopinion%2Fedjohnson.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-epstein-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-epstein_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-epstein_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-epstein_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-epstein_56-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-epstein_56-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein,_Ellen_Robinson1971–1972" class="citation journal cs1">Epstein, Ellen Robinson (1971–1972). "The East and West Wings of the White House". <i>Records of the Columbia Historical Society</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Records+of+the+Columbia+Historical+Society&amp;rft.atitle=The+East+and+West+Wings+of+the+White+House&amp;rft.date=1971%2F1972&amp;rft.au=Epstein%2C+Ellen+Robinson&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MqIIY-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MqIIY_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrudhomme2019" class="citation news cs1">Prudhomme, Claire (October 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cuatower.com/2019/10/catholic-university-could-have-been-the-white-house/">"Catholic University Could Have Been The White House"</a>. <i>The Tower</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029013901/http://cuatower.com/2019/10/catholic-university-could-have-been-the-white-house/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Tower&amp;rft.atitle=Catholic+University+Could+Have+Been+The+White+House&amp;rft.date=2019-10-17&amp;rft.aulast=Prudhomme&amp;rft.aufirst=Claire&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcuatower.com%2F2019%2F10%2Fcatholic-university-could-have-been-the-white-house%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reeves268-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reeves268_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves1975" class="citation book cs1">Reeves, Thomas C. (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gentlemanbosslif00reev"><i>Gentleman Boss</i></a></span>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gentlemanbosslif00reev/page/n295">268</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-46095-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-46095-6"><bdi>978-0-394-46095-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gentleman+Boss&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=268&amp;rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-394-46095-6&amp;rft.aulast=Reeves&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgentlemanbosslif00reev&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reevesn473-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reevesn473_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves1975" class="citation book cs1">Reeves, Thomas C. (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gentlemanbosslif00reev"><i>Gentleman Boss</i></a></span>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp.&#160;n473. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-46095-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-46095-6"><bdi>978-0-394-46095-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gentleman+Boss&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=n473&amp;rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-394-46095-6&amp;rft.aulast=Reeves&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgentlemanbosslif00reev&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reeves269-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reeves269_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves1975" class="citation book cs1">Reeves, Thomas C. (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gentlemanbosslif00reev"><i>Gentleman Boss</i></a></span>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gentlemanbosslif00reev/page/n296">269</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-46095-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-46095-6"><bdi>978-0-394-46095-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gentleman+Boss&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=269&amp;rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-394-46095-6&amp;rft.aulast=Reeves&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgentlemanbosslif00reev&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bFjvZ-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bFjvZ_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110507020213/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_exhibits/waddell_white-house-past/tiffany-glass-painting.html">"The Grand Illumination: Sunset of the Gaslight Age, 1891"</a>. The White House Historical Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_exhibits/waddell_white-house-past/tiffany-glass-painting.html">the original</a> on May 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Grand+Illumination%3A+Sunset+of+the+Gaslight+Age%2C+1891&amp;rft.pub=The+White+House+Historical+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fwhha_exhibits%2Fwaddell_white-house-past%2Ftiffany-glass-painting.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yl4bH-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yl4bH_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/floor1/entrance-hall.htm">"The Entrance Hall"</a>. <i>The White House Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723085456/http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/floor1/entrance-hall.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+White+House+Museum&amp;rft.atitle=The+Entrance+Hall&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousemuseum.org%2Ffloor1%2Fentrance-hall.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R6fqD-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R6fqD_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/special/renovation-1902.htm">"Theodore Roosevelt Renovation, 1902"</a>. The White House Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150425201037/http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/special/renovation-1902.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Theodore+Roosevelt+Renovation%2C+1902&amp;rft.pub=The+White+House+Museum&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousemuseum.org%2Fspecial%2Frenovation-1902.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AbbottRice-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AbbottRice_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AbbottRice_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbottRice1998" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, James A.; Rice, Elaine M. (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/designingcamelot0000abbo"><i>Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration</i></a></span>. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-442-02532-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-442-02532-7"><bdi>0-442-02532-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Designing+Camelot%3A+The+Kennedy+White+House+Restoration&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Van+Nostrand+Reinhold&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=0-442-02532-7&amp;rft.aulast=Abbott&amp;rft.aufirst=James+A.&amp;rft.au=Rice%2C+Elaine+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdesigningcamelot0000abbo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oeGVZ-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oeGVZ_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreesePhifer2016" class="citation web cs1">Treese, Joel D.; Phifer, Evan (February 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-christmas-eve-west-wing-fire-of-1929">"The Christmas Eve West Wing Fire of 1929"</a>. <i>The White House Historical Association</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181031052318/https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-christmas-eve-west-wing-fire-of-1929">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+White+House+Historical+Association&amp;rft.atitle=The+Christmas+Eve+West+Wing+Fire+of+1929&amp;rft.date=2016-02-09&amp;rft.aulast=Treese&amp;rft.aufirst=Joel+D.&amp;rft.au=Phifer%2C+Evan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fthe-christmas-eve-west-wing-fire-of-1929&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wh_museum_1948–1952-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wh_museum_1948–1952_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wh_museum_1948–1952_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wh_museum_1948–1952_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/special/renovation-1948.htm">"Truman Reconstruction: 1948–1952"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Truman+Reconstruction%3A+1948%E2%80%931952&amp;rft.pub=White+House+Museum&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousemuseum.org%2Fspecial%2Frenovation-1948.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OA7bu-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OA7bu_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlesin1988" class="citation news cs1">Slesin, Suzanne (June 16, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE4D61E30F935A25755C0A96E948260">"Fit for Dignitaries, Blair House Reopens Its Stately Doors"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080919032741/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE4D61E30F935A25755C0A96E948260">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Fit+for+Dignitaries%2C+Blair+House+Reopens+Its+Stately+Doors&amp;rft.date=1988-06-16&amp;rft.aulast=Slesin&amp;rft.aufirst=Suzanne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D940DE4D61E30F935A25755C0A96E948260&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vm2mG-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vm2mG_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130125081636/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M9wiAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=VM0FAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2844,2874518">"Mrs. Truman Shows Off White House To News Writers"</a>. <i>Palm Beach Post</i>. UP. March 24, 1952. p.&#160;7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M9wiAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2844,2874518">the original</a> on January 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Palm+Beach+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Mrs.+Truman+Shows+Off+White+House+To+News+Writers&amp;rft.pages=7&amp;rft.date=1952-03-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DM9wiAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2844%2C2874518&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UtzOl-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UtzOl_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/whtour/library.html">"Library Art and Furnishings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100623230717/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/whtour/library.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2007</span> &#8211; via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&amp;rft.atitle=Library+Art+and+Furnishings&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fhistory%2Fwhtour%2Flibrary.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wh_museum_kennedy-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wh_museum_kennedy_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wh_museum_kennedy_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wh_museum_kennedy_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wh_museum_kennedy_70-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/special/renovation-1961.htm">"Kennedy Renovation: 1961–1963"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Kennedy+Renovation%3A+1961%E2%80%931963&amp;rft.pub=White+House+Museum&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousemuseum.org%2Fspecial%2Frenovation-1961.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OLizx-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OLizx_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090303180252/http://jfklibrary.org/Historical%2BResources/JFK%2Bin%2BHistory/Jacqueline%2BKennedy%2Bin%2Bthe%2BWhite%2BHouse%2BPage%2B3.htm">"Jacqueline Kennedy in the White House"</a>. John F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Jacqueline+Kennedy+in+the+White+House&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.pub=John+F.+Kennedy+Presidential+Library+and+Museum&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfklibrary.org%2FHistorical%2BResources%2FJFK%2Bin%2BHistory%2FJacqueline%2BKennedy%2Bin%2Bthe%2BWhite%2BHouse%2BPage%2B3.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBSFeb12-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBSFeb12_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jackie-kennedys-devotion-to-white-house-revealed/">"Jackie Kennedy's devotion to White House revealed"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CBS+News&amp;rft.atitle=Jackie+Kennedy%27s+devotion+to+White+House+revealed&amp;rft.date=2012-02-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fjackie-kennedys-devotion-to-white-house-revealed%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YsEpb-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YsEpb_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110101180146/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_timelines/timelines_architecture-04.html">"Architecture: 1970s"</a>. White House Historical Association. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Architecture%3A+1970s&amp;rft.pub=White+House+Historical+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fwhha_timelines%2Ftimelines_architecture-04.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nJVBo-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nJVBo_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/11145.html">"Executive Order 11145 – Providing for a Curator of the White House and establishing a Committee for the Preservation of the White House"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Executive+Order+11145+%E2%80%93+Providing+for+a+Curator+of+the+White+House+and+establishing+a+Committee+for+the+Preservation+of+the+White+House&amp;rft.pub=The+U.S.+National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Ffederal-register%2Fcodification%2Fexecutive-order%2F11145.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-t2zEz-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-t2zEz_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaroli2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Boyd_Caroli" title="Betty Boyd Caroli">Caroli, Betty Boyd</a> (January 3, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pat-Nixon">"Pat Nixon: American first lady"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pat+Nixon%3A+American+first+lady&amp;rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=2008-01-03&amp;rft.aulast=Caroli&amp;rft.aufirst=Betty+Boyd&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPat-Nixon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MF74M-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MF74M_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=38">"First Lady Biography: Pat Nixon"</a>. The National First Ladies Library. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084238/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=38">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2007</span>. <q>For the White House itself, and thus for the American people, Pat Nixon also decided to accelerate the collection process of fine antiques as well as historically associative pieces, adding some 600 paintings and antiques to the White House Collection. It was the single greatest collecting during any Administration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=First+Lady+Biography%3A+Pat+Nixon&amp;rft.pub=The+National+First+Ladies+Library&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstladies.org%2Fbiographies%2Ffirstladies.aspx%3Fbiography%3D38&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-press_room-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-press_room_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/life/pressbriefingroom.html">"A Press Pool"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111021133409/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/life/pressbriefingroom.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2017</span> &#8211; via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&amp;rft.atitle=A+Press+Pool&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fhistory%2Flife%2Fpressbriefingroom.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gMser-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gMser_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/ask/20050509.html">"Ask the White House"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. May 9, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100615113011/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/ask/20050509.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span> &#8211; via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&amp;rft.atitle=Ask+the+White+House&amp;rft.date=2005-05-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fask%2F20050509.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gff8t-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gff8t_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202162156/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/05/subs/05_d20.html">"Technology: 1980s"</a>. White House Historical Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousehistory.org/05/subs/05_d20.html">the original</a> on December 2, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Technology%3A+1980s&amp;rft.pub=White+House+Historical+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2F05%2Fsubs%2F05_d20.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wq6cM-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wq6cM_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041206213019/http://www.unity.edu/news/solar1004.htm">"Maine college to auction off former White House solar panels"</a>. October 28, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unity.edu/news/solar1004.htm">the original</a> on December 6, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=White+House+Solar+Panels%3A+What+Ever+Happened+To+Carter%27s+Solar+Thermal+Water+Heater%3F&amp;rft.date=2009-01-27&amp;rft.aulast=Burdick&amp;rft.aufirst=Dave&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2009%2F01%2F27%2Fwhite-house-solar-panels_n_160575.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-da1980-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-da1980_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-da1980_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110117151953/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_timelines/timelines_decorative-arts-04.html">"Decorative Arts: 1980s"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Decorative+Arts%3A+1980s&amp;rft.pub=White+House+Historical+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fwhha_timelines%2Ftimelines_decorative-arts-04.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wh_makeover-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wh_makeover_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wh_makeover_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoncius,_Jura2008" class="citation news cs1">Koncius, Jura (November 12, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081206172237/http://www.thecalifornian.com/article/20081107/LIFESTYLE/811070315">"White House makeover"</a>. <i>The Californian</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ecomall.com&amp;rft.atitle=Solar+Energy+is+Back+at+the+White+House&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecomall.com%2Fgreenshopping%2Fsolarwhitehouse.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ztiyM-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ztiyM_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/solar-panels-installed-on-white-house-roof/">"Solar panels installed on White House roof"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=White+House+Residence+Third+Floor&amp;rft.pub=White+House+Museum&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousemuseum.org%2FFloor3.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kzExn-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kzExn_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/life/cabinetroom.html">"Debates and Decisions: Life in the Cabinet Room"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718151835/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/life/cabinetroom.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&amp;rft.atitle=White+House+Big+Dig+wraps+up%2C+but+the+project+remains+shrouded+in+mystery&amp;rft.date=2012-09-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fwhite-house-big-dig-wraps-project-remains-shrouded-mystery-article-1.1158343&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wKroZ-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wKroZ_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/special/wwtv.htm">"The West Wing of The West Wing"</a>. <i>The White House Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212235128/http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/special/wwtv.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=The+story+of+the+White+House%27s+famous+magnolia+tree&amp;rft.date=2017-12-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fthe-story-of-the-white-houses-famous-magnolia-tree%2F2017%2F12%2F27%2Fd81645a4-eb39-11e7-b698-91d4e35920a3_story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-U4C8Y-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-U4C8Y_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/blogs/washington-whispers/2009/03/28/michelle-obama-goes-organic-and-brings-in-the-bees.html">"Michelle Obama Goes Organic and Brings in the Bees"</a>. <i>Washington Whispers</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Washington+Whispers&amp;rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+Goes+Organic+and+Brings+in+the+Bees&amp;rft.date=2009-03-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fblogs%2Fwashington-whispers%2F2009%2F03%2F28%2Fmichelle-obama-goes-organic-and-brings-in-the-bees.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tr.euronews.com/2019/04/16/hazine-ve-maliye-bakani-berat-albayrak-abd-baskani-donald-trump-la-gorustu">"Hazine ve Maliye Bakanı Berat Albayrak ABD Başkanı Trump'la görüştü"</a>. <i>euronews</i> (in Turkish). 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National Coalition to Save Our Mall, Inc. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savethemall.org/other/pa_ave.html">the original</a> on April 25, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Statement+of+Committee+of+100+on+the+Federal+City+and+The+National+Coalition+to+Save+Our+Mall&amp;rft.pub=National+Coalition+to+Save+Our+Mall%2C+Inc&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.savethemall.org%2Fother%2Fpa_ave.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6Dutd-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6Dutd_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/tours/">"Visiting the White House"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090402204351/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/tours">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2007</span> &#8211; via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&amp;rft.atitle=Visiting+the+White+House&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fhistory%2Ftours%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1xVao-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1xVao_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHennessey2013" class="citation news cs1">Hennessey, Kathleen (March 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-white-house-tours-cancelled-budget-cuts-20130305,0,5471476.story">"White House tours canceled due to federal budget cuts"</a>. <i>LA Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327102720/http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-white-house-tours-cancelled-budget-cuts-20130305,0,5471476.story">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=LA+Times&amp;rft.atitle=White+House+tours+canceled+due+to+federal+budget+cuts&amp;rft.date=2013-03-05&amp;rft.aulast=Hennessey&amp;rft.aufirst=Kathleen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fla-pn-white-house-tours-cancelled-budget-cuts-20130305%2C0%2C5471476.story&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msl6S-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-msl6S_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/white-house-tours-resume-november-catch-1435140">"White House Tours To Resume In November (With A Catch)"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i>. October 22, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211202543/https://www.ibtimes.com/white-house-tours-resume-november-catch-1435140">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&amp;rft.atitle=White+House+Tours+To+Resume+In+November+%28With+A+Catch%29&amp;rft.date=2013-10-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fwhite-house-tours-resume-november-catch-1435140&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2YCbp-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2YCbp_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120801130418/http://www.grunder.no/magasinet/arkiv/okonomisk-rapport-2006/nr-02/rapport/norske-vapen-vokter-presidenten/">"Norske våpen vokter presidenten"</a>. Gründer Økonomisk Rapport. January 31, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grunder.no/magasinet/arkiv/okonomisk-rapport-2006/nr-02/rapport/norske-vapen-vokter-presidenten/">the original</a> on August 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Norske+v%C3%A5pen+vokter+presidenten&amp;rft.pub=Gr%C3%BCnder+%C3%98konomisk+Rapport&amp;rft.date=2006-01-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grunder.no%2Fmagasinet%2Farkiv%2Fokonomisk-rapport-2006%2Fnr-02%2Frapport%2Fnorske-vapen-vokter-presidenten%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D55GA-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-D55GA_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/2006/03/13/460587.html">"Norge sikret innsettelsen av Bush – Nyheter"</a>. <i>Dagbladet</i>. March 13, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161117121829/http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/2006/03/13/460587.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Dagbladet&amp;rft.atitle=Norge+sikret+innsettelsen+av+Bush+%E2%80%93+Nyheter&amp;rft.date=2006-03-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagbladet.no%2Fnyheter%2F2006%2F03%2F13%2F460587.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Abbott, James A. <i>A Frenchman in Camelot: The Decoration of the Kennedy White House by Stéphane Boudin.</i> Boscobel Restoration Inc.: 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9646659-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9646659-0-3">978-0-9646659-0-3</a>.</li> <li>Abbott, James A. <i>Jansen.</i> Acanthus Press: 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-926494-33-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-926494-33-6">978-0-926494-33-6</a>.</li> <li>Clinton, Hillary Rodham. <i>An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History.</i> Simon &amp; Schuster: 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85799-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85799-2">978-0-684-85799-2</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrary,_Ihna_Thayer1969" class="citation book cs1">Frary, Ihna Thayer (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theybuiltcapitol0000frar"><i>They Built the Capitol</i></a></span>. Ayer Publishing. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theybuiltcapitol0000frar/page/27">27</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8369-5089-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8369-5089-2"><bdi>978-0-8369-5089-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=They+Built+the+Capitol&amp;rft.pages=27&amp;rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1969&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8369-5089-2&amp;rft.au=Frary%2C+Ihna+Thayer&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheybuiltcapitol0000frar&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrary,_Ihna_Thayer1969" class="citation book cs1">Frary, Ihna Thayer (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theybuiltcapitol0000frar"><i>They Built the Capitol</i></a></span>. Ayer Publishing. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theybuiltcapitol0000frar/page/37">37</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8369-5089-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8369-5089-2"><bdi>978-0-8369-5089-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=They+Built+the+Capitol&amp;rft.pages=37&amp;rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1969&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8369-5089-2&amp;rft.au=Frary%2C+Ihna+Thayer&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheybuiltcapitol0000frar&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Garrett, Wendell. <i>Our Changing White House.</i> <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern University Press">Northeastern University Press</a>: 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-222-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-222-2">978-1-55553-222-2</a>.</li> <li>Guidas, John. <i>The White House: Resources for Research at the Library of Congress.</i> Library of Congress, 1992.</li> <li>Huchet de Quénetain, Christophe. "De quelques bronzes dorés français conservés à la Maison-Blanche à Washington D.C." in <i>La Revue</i>, Pierre Bergé &amp; associés, n°6, mars 2005 pp.&#160;54–55. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62701407">62701407</a>.</li> <li>Kenny, Peter M., Frances F. Bretter and Ulrich Leben. <i>Honoré Lannuier Cabinetmaker from Paris: The Life and Work of French</i> Ébiniste <i>in Federal New York.</i> <a href="/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="The Metropolitan Museum of Art">The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York and Harry Abrams: 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87099-836-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87099-836-2">978-0-87099-836-2</a>.</li> <li>Klara, Robert. <i>The Hidden White House: Harry Truman and the Reconstruction of America's Most Famous Residence.</i> Thomas Dunne Books: 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-2500-0027-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-2500-0027-9">978-1-2500-0027-9</a>.</li> <li>Kloss, William. <i>Art in the White House: A Nation's Pride.</i> White House Historical Association in cooperation with the National Geographic Society, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3965-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3965-3">978-0-8109-3965-3</a>.</li> <li>Leish, Kenneth. <i>The White House.</i> Newsweek Book Division: 1972. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88225-020-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88225-020-5">978-0-88225-020-5</a>.</li> <li>McKellar, Kenneth, Douglas W. Orr, Edward Martin, et al. <i>Report of the Commission on the Renovation of the Executive Mansion.</i> Commission on the Renovation of the Executive Mansion, Government Printing Office: 1952.</li> <li>Monkman, Betty C. <i>The White House: The Historic Furnishing &amp; First Families.</i> Abbeville Press: 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7892-0624-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7892-0624-4">978-0-7892-0624-4</a>.</li> <li>New York Life Insurance Company. <i>The Presidents from 1789 to 1908 and the History of the White House.</i> New York Life Insurance Company: 1908.</li> <li>Penaud, Guy <i>Dictionnaire des châteaux du Périgord.</i> Editions Sud-Ouest: 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87901-221-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87901-221-6">978-2-87901-221-6</a>.</li> <li>Phillips-Schrock, Patrick. <i>The White House: An Illustrated Architectural History</i> (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013) 196 pp.</li> <li>Seale, William. <i>The President's House.</i> White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912308-28-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912308-28-9">978-0-912308-28-9</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeale,_William1986" class="citation book cs1">Seale, William (1986). <i>The President's House, A History. Volume II</i>. White House Historical Association. p.&#160;689.1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912308-28-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912308-28-9"><bdi>978-0-912308-28-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+President%27s+House%2C+A+History.+Volume+II&amp;rft.pages=689.1&amp;rft.pub=White+House+Historical+Association&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-912308-28-9&amp;rft.au=Seale%2C+William&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Seale, William, <i>The White House: The History of an American Idea.</i> White House Historical Association: 1992, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912308-85-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912308-85-2">978-0-912308-85-2</a>.</li> <li>West, J.B. with Mary Lynn Kotz. <i>Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies.</i> Coward, McCann &amp; Geoghegan: 1973. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-698-10546-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-698-10546-1">978-0-698-10546-1</a>.</li> <li>Wolff, Perry. <i>A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy.</i> Doubleday &amp; Company: 1962. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an &#73;SBN for this book.">ISBN&#160;missing</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li> <li><i>Exhibition Catalogue, Sale 6834: The Estate of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis April 23–26, 1996.</i> Sothebys, Inc.: 1996.</li> <li><i>The White House: An Historic Guide.</i> White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912308-79-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912308-79-1">978-0-912308-79-1</a>.</li> <li><i>The White House. The First Two Hundred Years,</i> ed. by Frank Freidel/William Pencak, Boston 1994. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an &#73;SBN for this book.">ISBN&#160;missing</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:White_House" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:White House">White House</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35525#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousehistory.org/">The White House Historical Association</a>, with historical photos, online tours and exhibits, timelines, and facts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/whho/">President's Park (White House)</a> part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/">The White House Museum</a>, a detailed online tour <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/model/">Detailed 3D computer model</a> of White House and grounds</li></ul></li> <li>Video tours: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/Tourwi">"White House Holiday Tour with Laura Bush"</a>. C-SPAN. December 3, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=White+House+Holiday+Tour+with+Laura+Bush&amp;rft.pub=C-SPAN&amp;rft.date=2008-12-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-spanvideo.org%2Fprogram%2FTourwi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/HouseTo">"White House Tour"</a>. C-SPAN. July 7, 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=White+House+Tour&amp;rft.pub=C-SPAN&amp;rft.date=1998-07-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-spanvideo.org%2Fprogram%2FHouseTo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-span.org/search/?sdate=&amp;edate=&amp;searchtype=Videos&amp;sort=Most+Popular&amp;text=0&amp;all%5B%5D=white&amp;all%5B%5D=house&amp;all%5B%5D=tours&amp;tagid%5B%5D=149">"Popular video tours"</a>. C-SPAN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Popular+video+tours&amp;rft.pub=C-SPAN&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fsearch%2F%3Fsdate%3D%26edate%3D%26searchtype%3DVideos%26sort%3DMost%2BPopular%26text%3D0%26all%255B%255D%3Dwhite%26all%255B%255D%3Dhouse%26all%255B%255D%3Dtours%26tagid%255B%255D%3D149&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+House" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/238241022">White House</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/the-white-house?hl=en">Virtual tour of the White House</a> provided by <a href="/wiki/Google_Arts_%26_Culture" title="Google Arts &amp; Culture">Google Arts &amp; Culture</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President&#39;s House (Philadelphia)">President's House</a> (1790–1800)<br /><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a> (1793–1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Octagon_House" title="The Octagon House">The Octagon House</a> (1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Buildings" title="Seven Buildings">Seven Buildings</a> (1815–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a> (1948–1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Residence" title="Executive Residence">Executive<br />Residence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_basement" title="White House basement">Basement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Floral_Designer" title="White House Chief Floral Designer">Chief Floral Designer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground floor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Room" title="China Room">China Room</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_china" title="White House china">collection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Curator" title="White House Office of the Curator">Office of the Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Reception_Room" title="Diplomatic Reception Room">Diplomatic Reception Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Library" title="White House Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Map_Room_(White_House)" title="Map Room (White House)">Map Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermeil_Room" title="Vermeil Room">Vermeil Room</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State floor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Room_(White_House)" title="Blue Room (White House)">Blue Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Hall" title="Cross Hall">Cross Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Room" title="East Room">East Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrance_Hall" title="Entrance Hall">Entrance Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Dining_Room" title="Family Dining Room">Family Dining Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Staircase_(White_House)" title="Grand Staircase (White House)">Grand Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Room_(White_House)" title="Green Room (White House)">Green Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Room_(White_House)" title="Red Room (White House)">Red Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Dining_Room_of_the_White_House" title="State Dining Room of the White House">State Dining Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Usher" title="White House Chief Usher">Chief Usher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second floor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Floor_Center_Hall" title="Second Floor Center Hall">Center Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sitting_Hall" title="East Sitting Hall">East Sitting Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Bedroom" title="Lincoln Bedroom">Lincoln Bedroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sitting_Room" title="Lincoln Sitting Room">Lincoln Sitting Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Bedroom" title="President&#39;s Bedroom">President's Bedroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Dining_Room" title="President&#39;s Dining Room">President's Dining Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens%27_Bedroom" title="Queens&#39; Bedroom">Queens' Bedroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens%27_Sitting_Room" title="Queens&#39; Sitting Room">Queens' Sitting Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Room" title="Treaty Room">Treaty Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Balcony" title="Truman Balcony">Truman Balcony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sitting_Hall" title="West Sitting Hall">West Sitting Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Oval_Room" title="Yellow Oval Room">Yellow Oval Room</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roof</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_at_the_White_House" title="Flags at the White House">Flagpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_at_the_White_House" title="Solar power at the White House">Solar panels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg/80px-WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg/120px-WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg/160px-WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3261" data-file-height="2173" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WJCovaloffice.jpg/80px-WJCovaloffice.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WJCovaloffice.jpg/120px-WJCovaloffice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WJCovaloffice.jpg/160px-WJCovaloffice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="640" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exec_bldg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Exec_bldg.JPG/80px-Exec_bldg.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Exec_bldg.JPG/120px-Exec_bldg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Exec_bldg.JPG/160px-Exec_bldg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg/80px-White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg/120px-White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg/160px-White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="397" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Room_(White_House)" title="Cabinet Room (White House)">Cabinet Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oval_Office_desks" title="List of Oval Office desks">desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_call_button" title="Presidential call button">call button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_grandfather_clock" title="Oval Office grandfather clock">clock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_Study" title="Oval Office Study">Oval Office Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room">Press Briefing Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Room" title="Roosevelt Room">Roosevelt Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room" title="Situation Room">Situation Room</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Wing" title="East Wing">East Wing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="Office of the First Lady of the United States">Office of the First Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_and_Calligraphy_Office" title="Graphics and Calligraphy Office">Graphics and Calligraphy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Emergency_Operations_Center" title="Presidential Emergency Operations Center">Presidential Emergency Operations Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Family_Theater" title="White House Family Theater">White House Family Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Social_Secretary" title="White House Social Secretary">Social Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Visitors_Office" title="White House Visitors Office">Visitors Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Military_Office" title="White House Military Office">White House Military Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Grounds">Grounds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ellipse" title="The Ellipse">The Ellipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Garden" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Garden">Jacqueline Kennedy Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Andrew_Jackson_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson (Washington, D.C.)"><i>Andrew Jackson</i> statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Statue of Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben"><i>Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben</i> statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Statue of the Comte de Rochambeau"><i>Comte de Rochambeau</i> statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Tadeusz Kościuszko (Washington, D.C.)"><i>Tadeusz Kościuszko</i> statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (Washington, D.C.)"><i>Marquis de Lafayette</i> statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Yard_Urns" title="Navy Yard Urns">Navy Yard Urns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square" title="St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square">St. John's Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lawn" title="North Lawn">North Lawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Park" title="President&#39;s Park">President's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">Rose Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lawn" title="South Lawn">South Lawn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_horseshoe_pit" title="White House horseshoe pit">Horseshoe pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_putting_green" title="White House putting green">Putting green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_swimming_pool" title="White House swimming pool">Swimming pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_tennis_court" title="White House tennis court">Tennis and basketball court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_to_Treasury_Building_tunnel" title="White House to Treasury Building tunnel">White House to Treasury Building tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_vegetable_garden" title="White House vegetable garden">White House vegetable garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Executive_Office_Building" title="New Executive Office Building">New Executive Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Conference_Center" title="White House Conference Center">White House Conference Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Parker_House" title="Peter Parker House">Peter Parker House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trowbridge_House" title="Trowbridge House">Trowbridge House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Townhouse" title="Presidential Townhouse">Presidential Townhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nearby<br />streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Avenue" title="Constitution Avenue">Constitution Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Executive_Avenue" title="East Executive Avenue">East Executive Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="H Street (Washington, D.C.)">H Street NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Place" title="Jackson Place">Jackson Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Place" title="Madison Place">Madison Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Executive_Avenue" title="West Executive Avenue">West Executive Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_White_House" title="Art in the White House">Artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Christmas_tree" title="White House Christmas tree">Christmas Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Reconstruction" title="White House Reconstruction">Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_White_House" title="Replicas of the White House">Replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_White_House_security_breaches" title="List of White House security breaches">Security breaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_at_the_White_House" title="Solar power at the White House">Solar power at the White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Historical_Association" title="White House Historical Association">White House Historical Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decatur_House" title="Decatur House">Decatur House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Ninth_Street)" title="President&#39;s House (Ninth Street)">President's House, Ninth Street, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House_(New_York_City)" title="Government House (New York City)">New York City Government House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Landmarks_of_Washington,_D.C." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Washington_DC_landmarks" title="Template:Washington DC landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Washington_DC_landmarks" title="Template talk:Washington DC landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Washington_DC_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Washington DC landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_of_Washington,_D.C." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Landmarks of <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Memorial_(Saint-Gaudens)" title="Adams Memorial (Saint-Gaudens)">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_Civil_War_Memorial_Museum" title="African American Civil War Memorial Museum">African American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Veterans_Disabled_for_Life_Memorial" title="American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial">American Veterans Disabled for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont%E2%80%93Paul_Women%27s_Equality_National_Monument" title="Belmont–Paul Women&#39;s Equality National Monument">Belmont–Paul Women's Equality National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune_Memorial" title="Mary McLeod Bethune Memorial">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Scout_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Scout Memorial">Boy Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_Memorial" title="James Buchanan Memorial">James Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Carroll" title="Statue of John Carroll">John Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_War_Memorial" title="District of Columbia War Memorial">D.C. War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Memorial" title="Albert Einstein Memorial">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Memorial" title="Emancipation Memorial">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson_Memorial" title="John Ericsson Memorial">John Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_David_Farragut_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of David Farragut (Washington, D.C.)">David Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Division_Monument" title="First Division Monument">First Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaudet_Memorial" title="Gallaudet Memorial">Thomas Gallaudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield_Monument" title="James A. Garfield Monument">James A. Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlil_Gibran_Memorial_Garden_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Kahlil Gibran Memorial Garden (Washington, D.C.)">Kahlil Gibran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gompers_Memorial" title="Samuel Gompers Memorial">Samuel Gompers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant_Memorial" title="Ulysses S. Grant Memorial">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">Holocaust Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor_Genocide_Memorial,_Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Holodomor Genocide Memorial, Washington, DC">Holodomor Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Andrew_Jackson_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson (Washington, D.C.)">Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_American_Memorial_to_Patriotism_During_World_War_II" title="Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II">Japanese American Patriotism During World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Memorial_Grove_on_the_Potomac" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac">Lyndon Baines Johnson Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_Memorial" title="John Paul Jones Memorial">John Paul Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (Washington, D.C.)">Marquis de Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Law_Enforcement_Officers_Memorial" title="National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial">Law Enforcement Officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(Lincoln_Memorial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln Memorial)">statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial">Martin Luther King, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Veterans_Memorial" title="Korean War Veterans Memorial">Korean War Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_Memorial" title="George Mason Memorial">George Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_B._McClellan" title="Equestrian statue of George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Meade_Memorial" title="George Gordon Meade Memorial">George Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg_Memorial" title="Peter Muhlenberg Memorial">Peter Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" title="National Statuary Hall Collection">National Statuary Hall Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_%E2%80%93_Merchant_Marine_Memorial" title="Navy – Merchant Marine Memorial">Navy – Merchant Marine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuns_of_the_Battlefield" title="Nuns of the Battlefield">Nuns of the Battlefield</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Monument" title="Peace Monument">Peace Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing_General_of_the_Armies" title="John J. Pershing General of the Armies">John J. Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Division_Memorial" title="Second Division Memorial">Second Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Extra_Mile" title="The Extra Mile">The Extra Mile</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Soldiers_(statue)" title="Three Soldiers (statue)">Three Soldiers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Statue of the Comte de Rochambeau">Jean de Rochambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Memorial" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Island" title="Theodore Roosevelt Island">Theodore Roosevelt Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_Memorial" title="Taras Shevchenko Memorial">Taras Shevchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statues_of_the_Liberators" title="Statues of the Liberators">Statues of the Liberators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Straus_Memorial" title="Oscar Straus Memorial">Oscar Straus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft_Memorial" title="Robert A. Taft Memorial">Robert A. Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Titanic Memorial (Washington, D.C.)"><i>Titanic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Memorial" title="United States Navy Memorial">United States Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victims_of_Communism_Memorial" title="Victims of Communism Memorial">Victims of Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial">Vietnam Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Women%27s_Memorial" title="Vietnam Women&#39;s Memorial">Vietnam Women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Memorial" title="Daniel Webster Memorial">Daniel Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_World_War_I_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="National World War I Memorial (Washington, D.C.)">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_World_War_II_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="National World War II Memorial">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Pool" title="Rainbow Pool">Rainbow Pool</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception">Basilica of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Reflecting_Pool" title="Capitol Reflecting Pool">Capitol Reflecting Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Cemetery" title="Congressional Cemetery">Congressional Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAR_Constitution_Hall" title="DAR Constitution Hall">DAR Constitution Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcist_steps" title="Exorcist steps"><i>Exorcist</i> steps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Mail_Marker" title="First Air Mail Marker">First Air Mail Marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford&#39;s Theatre">Ford's Theatre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petersen_House" title="Petersen House">Petersen House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_National_Historic_Site" title="Frederick Douglass National Historic Site">Frederick Douglass National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healy_Hall" title="Healy Hall">Healy Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Center_of_Washington" title="Islamic Center of Washington">Islamic Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Pier" title="Jefferson Pier">Jefferson Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Building" title="Thomas Jefferson Building">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Building" title="John Adams Building">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Memorial_Building" title="James Madison Memorial Building">Madison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Arboretum" title="United States National Arboretum">National Arboretum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capitol_Columns" title="National Capitol Columns">National Capitol Columns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Building_Museum" title="National Building Museum">National Building Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_Cottage_at_the_Soldiers%27_Home" title="President Lincoln&#39;s Cottage at the Soldiers&#39; Home">Lincoln's Cottage at Soldiers' Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_Reflecting_Pool" title="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool">Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">National Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Octagon_House" title="The Octagon House">Octagon House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Post_Office_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)">Old Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_House_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Old Stone House (Washington, D.C.)">Old Stone House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square" title="St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square">St. John's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arts_of_War_and_The_Arts_of_Peace" title="The Arts of War and The Arts of Peace"><i>The Arts of War</i> and <i>The Arts of Peace</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_Basin" title="Tidal Basin">Tidal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Building_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.)">Treasury Building</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedman%27s_Bank_Building" title="Freedman&#39;s Bank Building">Freedman's Bank Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Place" title="Tudor Place">Tudor Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Union Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_dome" title="United States Capitol dome">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">Rotunda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">United States Supreme Court Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_complex" title="Watergate complex">Watergate complex</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_InterContinental_Washington" title="Willard InterContinental Washington">Willard Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks<br />and plazas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupont_Circle" title="Dupont Circle">Dupont Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Potomac_Park" title="East Potomac Park">East Potomac Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farragut_Square" title="Farragut Square">Farragut Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Plaza" title="Freedom Plaza">Freedom Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plaza" title="L&#39;Enfant Plaza">L'Enfant Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_Hill_Park" title="Meridian Hill Park">Meridian Hill Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Arboretum" title="United States National Arboretum">National Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_World_War_I_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)#Pershing_Park" title="National World War I Memorial (Washington, D.C.)">Pershing Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Park" title="President&#39;s Park">President's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Park" title="Rock Creek Park">Rock Creek Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ellipse" title="The Ellipse">The Ellipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Square_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Union Square (Washington, D.C.)">Union Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">United States Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Potomac_Park" title="West Potomac Park">West Potomac Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boundaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anacostia_River" title="Anacostia River">Anacostia River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Memorial_Bridge" title="Arlington Memorial Bridge">Arlington Memorial Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundary_markers_of_the_original_District_of_Columbia" title="Boundary markers of the original District of Columbia">Boundary markers of the original District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Canal">Chesapeake and Ohio Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Avenue" title="Constitution Avenue">Constitution Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Bridge_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Key Bridge (Washington, D.C.)">Francis Scott Key Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Milestone" title="Zero Milestone">Zero Milestone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nearby<br />landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Arlington_National_Cemetery)" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Arlington National Cemetery)">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Eternal_Flame" title="John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame">John F. Kennedy gravesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_House,_The_Robert_E._Lee_Memorial" title="Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial">Arlington House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_War_Memorial" title="Marine Corps War Memorial">Marine Corps War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Carillon" title="Netherlands Carillon">Netherlands Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Memorial" title="Pentagon Memorial">Pentagon Memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Memorial" title="United States Air Force Memorial">United States Air Force Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Military_Service_for_America_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Military Service for America Memorial">Women in Military Service for America Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Memorial" title="Adams Memorial">Adams Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Desert_Storm_and_Desert_Shield_Memorial" title="National Desert Storm and Desert Shield Memorial">National Desert Storm and Desert Shield Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberty_Memorial" title="National Liberty Memorial">National Liberty Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps_Commemorative" title="Peace Corps Commemorative">Peace Corps Commemorative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canceled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Building" title="George Washington Memorial Building">George Washington Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Star_Mothers_National_Monument" title="Gold Star Mothers National Monument">Gold Star Mothers National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammy_memorial" title="Mammy memorial">Mammy memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Slave_Memorial" title="National Slave Memorial">National Slave Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Memorial_Advisory_Commission" title="National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission">National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mall_and_Memorial_Parks" title="National Mall and Memorial Parks">National Mall and Memorial Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.">List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.">National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of public art in Washington, D.C.">Public art in Washington, D.C.</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Revolution_Statuary" title="American Revolution Statuary">American Revolution Statuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Monuments_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Civil War Monuments in Washington, D.C.">Civil War Monuments</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_artworks_commemorating_African_Americans_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of artworks commemorating African Americans in Washington, D.C.">Commemorating African-Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_sculpture_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Outdoor sculpture in Washington, D.C.">Outdoor sculpture</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_the_District_of_Columbia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;;background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Template:Protected areas of the District of Columbia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Template talk:Protected areas of the District of Columbia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of the District of Columbia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_the_District_of_Columbia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Protected areas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Cemetery_System" title="United States National Cemetery System">National Cemeteries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battleground_National_Cemetery" title="Battleground National Cemetery">Battleground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Soldiers%27_and_Airmen%27s_Home_National_Cemetery" title="United States Soldiers&#39; and Airmen&#39;s Home National Cemetery">Soldiers' and Airmen's Home</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historical Park">National Historical Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal_National_Historical_Park" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park">Chesapeake and Ohio Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Site_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Site (United States)">National Historic Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carter_G._Woodson_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site">Carter G. Woodson Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford&#39;s Theatre">Ford's Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_National_Historic_Site" title="Frederick Douglass National Historic Site">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune_Council_House_National_Historic_Site" title="Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site">Mary McLeod Bethune Council House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue_National_Historic_Site" title="Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site">Pennsylvania Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_memorials_of_the_United_States" title="List of national memorials of the United States">National Memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Memorial" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Veterans_Memorial" title="Korean War Veterans Memorial">Korean War Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Memorial_Grove_on_the_Potomac" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac">Lyndon Baines Johnson Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Island" title="Theodore Roosevelt Island">Theodore Roosevelt Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial">Vietnam Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Memorial" title="World War II Memorial">World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belmont%E2%80%93Paul_Women%27s_Equality_National_Monument" title="Belmont–Paul Women&#39;s Equality National Monument">Belmont–Paul Women's Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_Cottage_at_the_Soldiers%27_Home" title="President Lincoln&#39;s Cottage at the Soldiers&#39; Home">President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Parkway" title="National Parkway">National Parkways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_Parkway" title="Baltimore–Washington Parkway">Baltimore–Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton_Parkway" title="Clara Barton Parkway">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxon_Run_Parkway" title="Oxon Run Parkway">Oxon Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_and_Potomac_Parkway" title="Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway">Rock Creek and Potomac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">National Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Heritage_Trail" title="Potomac Heritage Trail">Potomac Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-Spangled_Banner_National_Historic_Trail" title="Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail">Star-Spangled Banner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Mall_and_Memorial_Parks" title="National Mall and Memorial Parks">National Mall and<br />Memorial Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_Civil_War_Memorial_Museum" title="African American Civil War Memorial Museum">African American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Potomac_Park" title="East Potomac Park">East Potomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford&#39;s Theatre">Ford's Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Memorial" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_Memorial" title="George Mason Memorial">George Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hains_Point" title="Hains Point">Hains Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson_Memorial" title="John Ericsson Memorial">John Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Veterans_Memorial" title="Korean War Veterans Memorial">Korean War Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Post_Office_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)">Old Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue_National_Historic_Site" title="Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site">Pennsylvania Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Memorial" title="United States Navy Memorial">United States Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial">Vietnam Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Potomac_Park" title="West Potomac Park">West Potomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Memorial" title="World War II Memorial">World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Park" title="President&#39;s Park">President's Park</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ellipse" title="The Ellipse">The Ellipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Parks-East" title="National Capital Parks-East">National Capital Parks-East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anacostia_Park" title="Anacostia Park">Anacostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont%E2%80%93Paul_Women%27s_Equality_National_Monument" title="Belmont–Paul Women&#39;s Equality National Monument">Belmont–Paul Women's Equality National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Parks" title="Capitol Hill Parks">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_G._Woodson_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site">Carter G. Woodson Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Defenses_of_Washington" title="Civil War Defenses of Washington">Fort Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dupont_Park" title="Fort Dupont Park">Fort Dupont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stanton_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Fort Stanton (Washington, D.C.)">Fort Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_National_Historic_Site" title="Frederick Douglass National Historic Site">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Park_and_Aquatic_Gardens" title="Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens">Kenilworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune_Council_House_National_Historic_Site" title="Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site">Mary McLeod Bethune Council House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxon_Run_Parkway" title="Oxon Run Parkway">Oxon Run Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_Parkway" title="Shepherd Parkway">Shepherd Parkway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Park" title="Rock Creek Park">Rock Creek Park</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Park" title="Rock Creek Park">Rock Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_Hill_Park" title="Barnard Hill Park">Barnard Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Park" title="Bryce Park">Bryce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Park" title="Dumbarton Oaks Park">Dumbarton Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Slocum_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Fort Slocum (Washington, D.C.)">Fort Slocum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Waterfront_Park" title="Georgetown Waterfront Park">Georgetown Waterfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glover-Archbold_Park" title="Glover-Archbold Park">Glover-Archbold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Forest_Park" title="Little Forest Park">Little Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_Hill_Park" title="Meridian Hill Park">Meridian Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_Park" title="Montrose Park">Montrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_House_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Old Stone House (Washington, D.C.)">Old Stone House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_and_Potomac_Parkway" title="Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway">Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Parks" title="National Capital Parks">National Capital Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Memorial" title="United States Navy Memorial">Navy Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_U.S._Presidential_Emergency_Facilities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_POTUS_Emergency_Posts" title="Template:US POTUS Emergency Posts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_POTUS_Emergency_Posts" title="Template talk:US POTUS Emergency Posts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_POTUS_Emergency_Posts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US POTUS Emergency Posts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_U.S._Presidential_Emergency_Facilities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Emergency_Facility" title="Presidential Emergency Facility">U.S. Presidential Emergency Facilities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Mountain_(Pennsylvania)" title="Cross Mountain (Pennsylvania)">Cannonball site 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Reno_Park" title="Fort Reno Park">Cartwheel</a></li> <li>Corkscrew</li> <li>Cowpuncher</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Point_Special_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="High Point Special Facility">Crystal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States&#32;portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_architectural_style_categories" title="National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories">Architectural style categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Historic_Landmarks_by_state" title="List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state">List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alabama" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alaska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arizona" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arkansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Colorado" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Connecticut" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Florida" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Georgia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hawaii" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Idaho" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Illinois" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iowa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kentucky" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Louisiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maine" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maryland" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Minnesota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mississippi" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Missouri" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nebraska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nevada" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Hampshire" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Jersey" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Mexico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ohio" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oklahoma" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oregon" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pennsylvania" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rhode_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tennessee" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Utah" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vermont" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_state" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington state">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_West_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wisconsin" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wyoming" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_American_Samoa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Guam" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Minor Outlying Islands">Minor Outlying Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Puerto_Rico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by associated state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Palau" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Legation,_Tangier" title="American Legation, Tangier">American Legation, Morocco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Preservation_Act" title="National Historic Preservation Act">National Historic Preservation Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Preservation_Fund" title="Historic Preservation Fund">Historic Preservation Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jails_and_prisons_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places">List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_college_buildings_listed_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places">University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/48px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/64px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1969" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places&#32;portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Official_government_residences_in_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Official_Government_residences_in_North_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Template:Official Government residences in North America and the Caribbean"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Official_Government_residences_in_North_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Template talk:Official Government residences in North America and the Caribbean"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Official_Government_residences_in_North_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Official Government residences in North America and the Caribbean"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Official_government_residences_in_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Official government residences</a> in North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Antigua and Barbuda: <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Government House, Antigua and Barbuda">Government House</a> (GG)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Bahamas: <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_The_Bahamas" title="Government House, The Bahamas">Government House</a> (GG)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Barbados:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_House,_Barbados" title="State House, Barbados">State House</a> (Pres)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilaro_Court" title="Ilaro Court">Ilaro Court</a> (PM)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a> (GG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec" title="Citadelle of Quebec">Citadelle of Quebec</a> (GG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_Sussex_Drive" title="24 Sussex Drive">24 Sussex Drive</a> (PM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_Lake" title="Harrington Lake">Harrington Lake</a> (PM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rideau_Cottage" title="Rideau Cottage">Rideau Cottage</a> (PM - temporary)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Revolution_(Cuba)" title="Museum of the Revolution (Cuba)">Presidential Palace</a> <small>(former)</small></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Dominica: <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Dominica" title="Government House, Dominica">Government House</a> (Pres)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Dominican Republic: <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_(Dominican_Republic)" title="National Palace (Dominican Republic)">National Palace</a> (Pres)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Grenada: <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Grenada" title="Government House, Grenada">Government House</a> (GG)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Haiti: <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_(Haiti)" title="National Palace (Haiti)">National Palace</a> (Pres)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Jamaica: <a href="/wiki/King%27s_House,_Jamaica" title="King&#39;s House, Jamaica">King's House</a> (GG)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vale_Royal,_Jamaica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vale Royal, Jamaica (page does not exist)">Vale Royal</a> (PM)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Los_Pinos" title="Los Pinos">Los Pinos</a> (Pres)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Palace_(Mexico)" title="National Palace (Mexico)">National Palace</a> (workplace)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Saint Kitts and Nevis: <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Government House (Saint Kitts and Nevis)">Government House</a> (GG)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Saint_Lucia" title="Government House, Saint Lucia">Government House</a> (GG)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_House,_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Government House, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Government House</a> (GG)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span>&#160;</span>Trinidad and Tobago: <a href="/wiki/President%27s_House,_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="President&#39;s House, Trinidad and Tobago">President's House</a> (Pres)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Anns_Diplomatic_Residence&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Anns Diplomatic Residence (page does not exist)">St. Anns Diplomatic Residence</a> (PM)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span>United States:</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White House</a>(Pres)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_of_the_United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Residence of the United States Ambassador to the United Nations">42nd Floor Apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Observatory_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="One Observatory Circle">One Observatory Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Emergency_Facility" title="Presidential Emergency Facility">Presidential Emergency Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Townhouse" title="Presidential Townhouse">Presidential Townhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingey_House" title="Tingey House">Tingey House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trowbridge_House" title="Trowbridge House">Trowbridge House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a> (Mon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-general" title="Governor-general">Governor-general</a> (GG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-governor">Lieutenant-governor</a> (LG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">Prime minister</a> (PM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a> (Pres)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/21px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/42px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1969" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/631324/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Weißes Haus (Washington, DC)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4331244-5">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85146483">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12074919r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12074919r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500312779">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1494968">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10676368">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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