CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Institute for the Works of Religion - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"36cc3ad1-b2aa-4fd5-9de8-8be90d45c795","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion","wgTitle":"Institute for the Works of Religion","wgCurRevisionId":1253630928,"wgRevisionId":1253630928,"wgArticleId":367891,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles with Italian-language sources (it)","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2024","Articles containing Italian-language text","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2024", "Articles containing Latin-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015","Articles needing additional references from October 2021","All articles needing additional references","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from October 2024","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Coordinates not on Wikidata","Banks of Vatican City","Financial scandals","Finance fraud in the Catholic Church"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion","wgRelevantArticleId":367891,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":41.90378,"lon":12.45669},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q266456","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg/1200px-Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg/800px-Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg/640px-Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Institute for the Works of Religion - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion rootpage-Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_and_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_and_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origin and mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Corporate governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Financial information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historical allegations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_events_and_reorganisation_(2010–2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_events_and_reorganisation_(2010–2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Judicial events and reorganisation (2010–2018)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_events_and_reorganisation_(2010–2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Process_of_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process_of_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Process of reform</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Process_of_reform-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Process of reform subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Process_of_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Institutional_milestones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutional_milestones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Institutional milestones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutional_milestones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reform_steps_2010/2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_steps_2010/2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Reform steps 2010/2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_steps_2010/2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reform_steps_2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_steps_2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Reform steps 2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_steps_2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reform_steps_2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_steps_2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Reform steps 2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_steps_2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reform_steps_2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_steps_2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Reform steps 2014</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_steps_2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>2023</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Institute for the Works of Religion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المؤسسة لأجل الأعمال الدينية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المؤسسة لأجل الأعمال الدينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Інстытут рэлігійных спраў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інстытут рэлігійных спраў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ватиканска банка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ватиканска банка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_per_a_les_Obres_de_Religi%C3%B3" title="Institut per a les Obres de Religió – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Institut per a les Obres de Religió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_pro_n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEensk%C3%A1_d%C3%ADla" title="Institut pro náboženská díla – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Institut pro náboženská díla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_per_le_Opere_di_Religione" title="Istituto per le Opere di Religione – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Istituto per le Opere di Religione" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_para_las_Obras_de_Religi%C3%B3n" title="Instituto para las Obras de Religión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Instituto para las Obras de Religión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_por_Verkoj_de_Religio" title="Instituto por Verkoj de Religio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Instituto por Verkoj de Religio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="بنیاد آثار مذهبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنیاد آثار مذهبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_pour_les_%C5%93uvres_de_religion" title="Institut pour les œuvres de religion – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Institut pour les œuvres de religion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%ED%8B%B0%EC%B9%B8_%EC%9D%80%ED%96%89" title="바티칸 은행 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바티칸 은행" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_bagi_Karya-karya_Rohani" title="Institut bagi Karya-karya Rohani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Institut bagi Karya-karya Rohani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_per_le_Opere_di_Religione" title="Istituto per le Opere di Religione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istituto per le Opere di Religione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%AA" title="המכון לעבודות דת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המכון לעבודות דת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutum_pro_Operibus_Religionis" title="Institutum pro Operibus Religionis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Institutum pro Operibus Religionis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religini%C5%B3_reikal%C5%B3_institutas" title="Religinių reikalų institutas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Religinių reikalų institutas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall%C3%A1si_M%C5%B1vek_Int%C3%A9zete" title="Vallási Művek Intézete – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vallási Művek Intézete" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituut_voor_Religieuze_Werken" title="Instituut voor Religieuze Werken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Instituut voor Religieuze Werken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="宗教事業協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宗教事業協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituttet_for_religi%C3%B8se_verk" title="Instituttet for religiøse verk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Instituttet for religiøse verk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instytut_Dzie%C5%82_Religijnych" title="Instytut Dzieł Religijnych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Instytut Dzieł Religijnych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_para_as_Obras_de_Religi%C3%A3o" title="Instituto para as Obras de Religião – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Instituto para as Obras de Religião" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Институт религиозных дел – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Институт религиозных дел" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ватиканска банка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ватиканска банка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanbanken" title="Vatikanbanken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vatikanbanken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Інститут релігійних справ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інститут релігійних справ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="宗教事務銀行 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宗教事務銀行" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q266456#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&oldid=1253630928" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&id=1253630928&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInstitute_for_the_Works_of_Religion"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInstitute_for_the_Works_of_Religion"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Istituto_per_le_Opere_di_Religione" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q266456" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&params=41.90378_N_12.45669_E_type:landmark_region:VA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°54′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°27′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.90378°N 12.45669°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.90378; 12.45669</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Financial institution in Vatican City</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Institute for the Works of Religion</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuovo_logo_ior.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Nuovo_logo_ior.png/220px-Nuovo_logo_ior.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Nuovo_logo_ior.png/330px-Nuovo_logo_ior.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Nuovo_logo_ior.png/440px-Nuovo_logo_ior.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="726" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatican_Bank_(26936018243).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg/220px-Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg/330px-Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg/440px-Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Torrione di <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V" title="Pope Nicholas V">Niccolò V</a></i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a>, seat of the IOR<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Istituto per le Opere di Religione</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Juridical canonical foundation<sup id="cite_ref-chirograph2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chirograph2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">Financial services</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">27 June 1942 (absorption of the Administration of the Works of Religion)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Franssu" title="Jean-Baptiste de Franssu">Jean-Baptiste de Franssu</a> (President)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gian_Franco_Mamm%C3%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gian Franco Mammì (page does not exist)">Gian Franco Mammì</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="General Director">General Director</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">€30.59 million (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-annualreport2023_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annualreport2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM</a></th><td class="infobox-data">€2.95 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-annualreport2023_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annualreport2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">€5.38 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-annualreport2023_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annualreport2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">€667 million (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-annualreport2023_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annualreport2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">107 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-annualreport2023_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annualreport2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rating</th><td class="infobox-data">Tier1 Ratio 59.78%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ior.va/">www.ior.va</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City"><img alt="Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Vatican_City" title="Category:Vatican City">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><big><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Vatican City">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rome" title="Duchy of Rome">Duchy of Rome</a> (554–751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Pepin" title="Donation of Pepin">Donation of Pepin</a> (750s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> (754–1870) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annates" title="Annates">Annates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Borders" title="Congregation for Borders">Congregation for Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Statute_for_the_Secular_Government_of_the_States_of_the_Church" title="Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church">Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a> (1870)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_in_the_Vatican" title="Prisoner in the Vatican">Prisoner in the Vatican</a>" (1870–1929) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Question">Roman Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Guarantees" title="Law of Guarantees">Law of Guarantees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> (1929–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorate of Vatican City State">Governorate of Vatican City State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Vatican_employee_sex_scandal" title="2010 Vatican employee sex scandal">2010 Vatican employee sex scandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church_since_1962" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Catholic Church since 1962">History of the Catholic Church since 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Papacy">History of the Papacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Historical_Institutes" title="Roman Historical Institutes">Roman Historical Institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_during_the_Savoyard_Era_1870%E2%80%931929" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican during the Savoyard Era 1870–1929">Savoyard Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatileaks_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatileaks scandal">Vatileaks scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Historical_Museum" title="Vatican Historical Museum">Vatican Historical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City during World War II</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City" title="Law of Vatican City">Law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Law_of_Vatican_City_State" title="Fundamental Law of Vatican City State">Fundamental Law of Vatican City State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Vatican_City" title="Capital punishment in Vatican City">Capital punishment in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vatican_City" title="Crime in Vatican City">Crime in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_Holy_See" title="Legal status of the Holy See">Legal status of the Holy See</a> <ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Alperin_v._Vatican_Bank" title="Alperin v. Vatican Bank">Alperin v. Vatican Bank</a></i>)</li> <li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Doe_v._Holy_See" title="Doe v. Holy See">Doe v. Holy See</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_of_the_Holy_See" title="Temporal power of the Holy See">Temporal power of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunal_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribunal of Vatican City State">Tribunal of Vatican City State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 Code of Canon Law</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pastor_Bonus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastor Bonus">Apostolic Constitution <i>Pastor Bonus</i></a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Vatican_City" title="LGBTQ rights in Vatican City">LGBTQ rights in Vatican City</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Politics and government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archive" title="Vatican Apostolic Archive">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vatican_Lay_Workers" title="Association of Vatican Lay Workers">Association of Vatican Lay Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">President</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bertello" title="Giuseppe Bertello">Giuseppe Bertello</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Commission">Pontifical Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat for Communications">Secretariat for Communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i> (Vatican City newspaper)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_della_Domenica" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Osservatore della Domenica">L'Osservatore della Domenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Vatican_City" title="List of newspapers in Vatican City">List of newspapers in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio_lawsuit" title="Vatican Radio lawsuit">Vatican Radio lawsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Information_Service" title="Vatican Information Service">Vatican Information Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.va" title=".va">.va (Vatican City internet sites)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Publishing_House" title="Vatican Publishing House">Vatican Publishing House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a></div></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabric_of_Saint_Peter" title="Fabric of Saint Peter">Fabric of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign relations of the Holy See</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_apocrisiarius" title="Papal apocrisiarius">Papal apocrisiarius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorate of Vatican City State">Governorate of Vatican City State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vatican_City" title="Governor of Vatican City">Governor of Vatican City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" title="Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church"><i>Camerlengo</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Chamberlain)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_College_of_Cardinals" title="Dean of the College of Cardinals">Dean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_the_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for the Vatican City State">Vical General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Vatican_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Cassation (Vatican City)">Court of Cassation</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Mamberti" title="Dominique Mamberti">Dominique Mamberti</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_(Vatican_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeals (Vatican City)">Court of Appeals</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President: Pio Vito Pinto</div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunale_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribunale of Vatican City">Tribunale</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President: G. di Sanguinetto</div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_in_Vatican_City" title="Military in Vatican City">Military in Vatican City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Firefighters_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State">Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">Papacy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popemobile" title="Popemobile">Popemobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universi_Dominici_Gregis" class="mw-redirect" title="Universi Dominici Gregis">Universi Dominici Gregis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Papal conclave</a> (Papal elections) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Universi_Dominici_gregis" title="Universi Dominici gregis">Universi Dominici gregis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Recent conclaves <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1978_papal_conclave" title="October 1978 papal conclave">1978 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Oct)</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2005_papal_conclave" title="2005 papal conclave">2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_papal_conclave" title="2013 papal conclave">2013</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_household" title="Papal household">Papal household</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Gentleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Gentleman">Papal Gentleman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Pontifical_Household" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture of the Pontifical Household">Prefecture of the Pontifical Household</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States_(Roman_Curia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)">Section for Relations with States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_foreign_policy_of_the_Holy_See" title="Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See">Multilateral foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_Holy_See" title="Legal status of the Holy See">Status in international law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States_(Roman_Curia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)">Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)</a> <dl><dd>Secretary for Relations with States: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gallagher_(bishop)" title="Paul Gallagher (bishop)">Paul Gallagher</a></dd> <dd>Undersecretaries for Relations with States: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Camilleri_(prelate)" title="Antoine Camilleri (prelate)">Antoine Camilleri</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See">List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_the_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See">Nuncios</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_and_Holy_See_passports" title="Vatican City and Holy See passports">Vatican City and Holy See passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Vatican_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Vatican citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Vatican_City" title="Visa policy of Vatican City">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_and_the_United_Nations" title="Holy See and the United Nations">The Holy See and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Holy See–Italy relations">Holy See–Italy relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Holy See–United States relations">Holy See–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Holy See–Israel relations">Holy See–Israel relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy See–Palestine relations">Holy See–Palestine relations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vatican_City" title="Economy of Vatican City">Economy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Institute for the Works of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Vatican_City" title="Telephone numbers in Vatican City">Telephone numbers in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vatican_City" title="Tourism in Vatican City">Tourism in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vatican_City" title="Transport in Vatican City">Transport in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Vatican City">Rail transport in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy_(Holy_See)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat for the Economy (Holy See)">Secretariat for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Information_Authority_(Vatican_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Information Authority (Vatican City)">Financial Information Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Patrimony_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See">Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_for_the_Economic_Affairs_of_the_Holy_See" title="Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See">Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_euro_coins" title="Vatican euro coins">Vatican euro coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_lira" title="Vatican lira">Vatican lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties of the Holy See</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Symbols</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vatican_City" title="Flag of Vatican City">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_Papacy" title="List of flags of the Papacy">List of Papal flags</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Anthem" title="Pontifical Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City">Coat of arms of Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/00120" class="mw-redirect" title="00120">00120</a> (Vatican <a href="/wiki/Postal_code" title="Postal code">postcode</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">Papal tiara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">Papal coronation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican City culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Music of Vatican City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_Choir" title="Sistine Chapel Choir">Sistine Chapel Choir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vatican_City" title="Languages of Vatican City">Languages of Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vatican_City" title="Women in Vatican City">Women in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Christmas_Tree" title="Vatican Christmas Tree">Vatican Christmas Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Vatican_City" title="Sport in Vatican City">Sport in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Concert_to_Commemorate_the_Shoah" title="Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah">Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City">Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vatican_City" title="Public holidays in Vatican City">Public holidays in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Pontifical Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences">Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Vatican" title="The Story of the Vatican">The Story of the Vatican</a></i>, 1941 documentary</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Buildings/geography</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_nunciature" title="Apostolic nunciature">Apostolic nunciature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgia_Apartments" title="Borgia Apartments">Borgia Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramante_Staircase" title="Bramante Staircase">Bramante Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Domus Sanctae Marthae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountains_of_St._Peter%27s_Square" title="Fountains of St. Peter's Square">Fountains of St. Peter's Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Vatican_City" title="Gardens of Vatican City">Gardens of Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vatican_City" title="Geography of Vatican City">Geography of Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Tower" title="Gregorian Tower">Gregorian Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mater_Ecclesiae_(monastery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mater Ecclesiae (monastery)">Mater Ecclesiae (monastery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Royal_Stuarts" title="Monument to the Royal Stuarts">Monument to the Royal Stuarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Holy_Office" title="Palace of the Holy Office">Palace of the Holy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzi_Pontifici" class="mw-redirect" title="Palazzi Pontifici">Palazzi Pontifici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Apartments" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Apartments">Papal Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Square">Saint Peter's Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_tomb" title="Saint Peter's tomb">Saint Peter's tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateran Basilica">Lateran Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_City" title="Leonine City">Leonine City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccoline_Chapel" title="Niccoline Chapel">Niccoline Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal tombs">Papal tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tombs_in_Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica">Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Audience_Hall" title="Paul VI Audience Hall">Paul VI Audience Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Julii" title="Tomb of the Julii">Tomb of the Julii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Tower_(Vatican_City)" title="Saint John's Tower (Vatican City)">Torre San Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala_Regia_(Vatican)" title="Scala Regia (Vatican)">Scala Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Climate_Forest" title="Vatican Climate Forest">Vatican Climate Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_Heliport" title="Vatican City Heliport">Vatican Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Hill" title="Vatican Hill">Vatican Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Necropolis" title="Vatican Necropolis">Vatican Necropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Concert_to_Commemorate_the_Shoah" title="Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah">Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City">Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vatican_City" title="Public holidays in Vatican City">Public holidays in Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Secret_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Secret Archives">Vatican Secret Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Baldachin" title="St. Peter's Baldachin">St. Peter's Baldachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sala_Regia_(Vatican)" title="Sala Regia (Vatican)">Sala Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pellegrino_in_Vaticano" title="San Pellegrino in Vaticano">San Pellegrino in Vaticano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anna_dei_Palafrenieri" title="Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri">Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Piet%C3%A0_in_Camposanto_dei_Teutonici" title="Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici">Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Advanced_Technology_Telescope" title="Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope">Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Observatory" title="Vatican Observatory">Vatican Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Pharmacy" title="Vatican Pharmacy">Vatican Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Palatina" title="Bibliotheca Palatina">Bibliotheca Palatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Giulia" title="Cappella Giulia">Cappella Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Paolina" title="Cappella Paolina">Cappella Paolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casina_Pio_IV" title="Casina Pio IV">Casina Pio IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoris_Mater_Chapel" title="Redemptoris Mater Chapel">Redemptoris Mater Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_Martin_and_Sebastian_of_the_Swiss" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Martin and Sebastian of the Swiss">Saints Martin and Sebastian of the Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_degli_Abissini" title="Santo Stefano degli Abissini">Santo Stefano degli Abissini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_degli_Ungheresi" title="Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi">Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Cemetery" title="Teutonic Cemetery">Teutonic Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortile_del_Belvedere" title="Cortile del Belvedere">Cortile del Belvedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passetto_di_Borgo" title="Passetto di Borgo">Passetto di Borgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pellegrino" title="Porta San Pellegrino">Porta San Pellegrino</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Gallery_of_Maps" title="Vatican Gallery of Maps">Vatican Gallery of Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling">Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_Modern_Religious_Art,_Vatican_Museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection of Modern Religious Art, Vatican Museums">Collection of Modern Religious Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Rooms" title="Raphael Rooms">Raphael Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoris_Mater_Chapel" title="Redemptoris Mater Chapel">Redemptoris Mater Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes" title="Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes">Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Sistine Chapel ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)"><i>The Last Judgment</i> by Michelangelo</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Vatican City-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vatican_City_sidebar" title="Template:Vatican City sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vatican_City_sidebar" title="Template talk:Vatican City sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vatican_City_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vatican City sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Institute for the Works of Religion</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Istituto per le Opere di Religione</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Institutum pro Operibus Religionis</i>; abbreviated <b>IOR</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly known as the <b>Vatican Bank</b>, is a financial institution<sup id="cite_ref-chirograph2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chirograph2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that is situated inside <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> and run by a Board of Superintendence, which reports to a Commission of Cardinals and the Pope. It is not a private bank, as there are no owners or shareholders; it has been established in the form of a juridical canonical foundation, pursuant to its statutes.<sup id="cite_ref-chirograph2019_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chirograph2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 9 July 2014, its president is <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Franssu" title="Jean-Baptiste de Franssu">Jean-Baptiste de Franssu</a>. The IOR is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Supervisory_and_Financial_Information_Authority_(Vatican_City)" title="Supervisory and Financial Information Authority (Vatican City)">Vatican's financial supervisory body ASIF</a> (<i>Autorità di Supervisione e Informazione Finanziaria</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Institute was founded in June 1942 by papal decree of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>. In June 2012, the IOR gave a first presentation of its operations. In July 2013, the Institute launched its own website.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 October 2013, it also published its first-ever annual report.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 June 2013, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> created a special investigative <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Commission">Pontifical Commission</a> (CRIOR) to study IOR reform.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 April 2014, Pope Francis approved respective recommendations on the IOR's future which were jointly developed by the CRIOR and COSEA commissions and the IOR's management. "The IOR will continue to serve with prudence and provide specialized financial services to the Catholic Church worldwide", as the Vatican release stated.<sup id="cite_ref-communique_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-communique-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 April 2014, Pope Francis approved a proposal on the Institute's future, "reaffirming the importance of the IOR’s mission for the good of the Catholic Church, the Holy See and the Vatican City State".<sup id="cite_ref-communique_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-communique-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_mission">Origin and mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin and mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo_XIII,_1887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Leo_XIII%2C_1887.jpg/220px-Leo_XIII%2C_1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Leo_XIII%2C_1887.jpg/330px-Leo_XIII%2C_1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Leo_XIII%2C_1887.jpg/440px-Leo_XIII%2C_1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5891" data-file-height="8000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Istituto per le Opere di Religione (IOR) was founded on 27 June 1942 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>. It absorbed the <i>Amministrazione per le Opere di Religione</i> (Administration of the Works of Religion), which had originated in the Commission for Works of Charity (<i>Commissione ad pias causas</i>) established by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> on 11 February 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-Chirografo_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chirografo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Annuario_Pontificio'_2012_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annuario_Pontificio'_2012-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IOR is not a department of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>, the central administrative structure of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor is it a <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The purpose of the IOR is "to provide for the safekeeping and administration of movable and immovable property transferred or entrusted to it by physical or <a href="/wiki/Juridical_person" title="Juridical person">juridical persons</a> and intended for works of religion or charity".<sup id="cite_ref-Chirografo_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chirografo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Annuario_Pontificio'_2012_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annuario_Pontificio'_2012-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, the Vatican officially confirmed the IOR's mission as provider of "specialized financial services to the Catholic Church worldwide." Furthermore, it was affirmed by the Vatican that the "valuable services that can be offered by the Institute assist the Holy Father in his mission as universal pastor and also aid those institutions and individuals who collaborate with him in his ministry".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_governance">Corporate governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Corporate governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to its Statutes, in effect since 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-Chirografo_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chirografo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the IOR is composed of four bodies: </p><p>A <b>Commission of Cardinals</b> with five members, appointed for renewable five-year terms, who elect their president.<sup id="cite_ref-VIS_2014_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VIS_2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As announced on 21 September 2020 the Commission's members, appointed for two years <i>ad experimentum</i>, are:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Sch%C3%B6nborn" title="Christoph Schönborn">Christoph Schönborn</a>, Archbishop of Vienna – President</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Antonio_Tagle" title="Luis Antonio Tagle">Luis Antonio Tagle</a>, Pro-Prefect for the Section of Evangelization of <a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Evangelization" title="Dicastery for Evangelization">Dicastery for Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Krajewski" title="Konrad Krajewski">Konrad Krajewski</a>, Papal <a href="/wiki/Almoner_of_His_Holiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoner of His Holiness">Almoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Petrocchi" title="Giuseppe Petrocchi">Giuseppe Petrocchi</a>, Archbishop of L'Aquila</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Paul_Tscherrig" title="Emil Paul Tscherrig">Emil Paul Tscherrig</a>, former nuncio to <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Italy" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_San_Marino" title="Apostolic Nunciature to San Marino">San Marino</a> 2024.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a>'s office of Secretary of State was omitted from the new Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>Prelate of the IOR</b>, Mgr. Battista Ricca, appointed by the Supervisory Commission of Cardinals with the Pope's approval, acts as secretary of the Commission and attends meetings of the Board of Superintendence. </p><p>A <b>Board of Superintendence</b>, defining the strategy and ensuring oversight of operations.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VIS_2014_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VIS_2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Franssu" title="Jean-Baptiste de Franssu">Jean-Baptiste de Franssu</a>, President</li> <li>Lord <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hintze" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Hintze">Michael Hintze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Javier_Mar%C3%ADn_Romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Javier Marín Romano (page does not exist)">Javier Marín Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Freiherr_von_Boeselager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Freiherr von Boeselager (page does not exist)">Georg Freiherr von Boeselager</a></li> <li>Bernard <a href="/wiki/Brenninkmeijer_family" title="Brenninkmeijer family">Brenninkmeijer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Pauly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Pauly (page does not exist)">François Pauly</a></li></ul> <p>A <b>Directorate</b>, in charge of operational activities and accountable to the Board of Superintendence. </p> <ul><li>Gian Franco Mammì – General Director</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_information">Financial information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Financial information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Table with a comparison of IOR's financial performance over the last years. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total Equity</a> <p>(million €) </p> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net profit</a> <p>(million €) </p> </th> <th>Intermediation margin <p>(million €) </p> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Operating_expense" title="Operating expense">Operating expenses</a> <p>(million €) </p> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tier_1_capital" title="Tier 1 capital">TIER 1 Ratio</a> </th> <th>Clients </th> <th>Coverage of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic ethics principles</a> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM products</a>) </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>667.561 </td> <td>30.598 </td> <td>49.655 </td> <td>22.908 </td> <td>59.78% </td> <td>12361 </td> <td>100% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>578.497 </td> <td>29.583 </td> <td>33.264 </td> <td>20.865 </td> <td>46.14% </td> <td>12759 </td> <td>100% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>649.315 </td> <td>18.091 </td> <td>34.395 </td> <td>19.237 </td> <td>38.54% </td> <td>14519 </td> <td>100% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>673.234 </td> <td>36.375 </td> <td>45.483 </td> <td>19.340 </td> <td>39.74% </td> <td>14991 </td> <td>100% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>668.292 </td> <td>38.012 </td> <td>56.068 </td> <td>17.665 </td> <td>82.40% </td> <td>14996 </td> <td>100% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>654.567 </td> <td>17.518 </td> <td>14.694 </td> <td>16.007 </td> <td>86.36% </td> <td>14953 </td> <td>n.a. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>659.119 </td> <td>31.934 </td> <td>49.938 </td> <td>18.727 </td> <td>68.26% </td> <td>14945 </td> <td>n.a. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>672.600 </td> <td>36.001 </td> <td>42.595 </td> <td>19.086 </td> <td>64.53% </td> <td>14960 </td> <td>n.a. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>670.278 </td> <td>16.127 </td> <td>42.843 </td> <td>23.428 </td> <td>60.65% </td> <td>14801 </td> <td>n.a. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion" title="Special:EditPage/Institute for the Works of Religion">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion%22">"Institute for the Works of Religion"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_allegations">Historical allegations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historical allegations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Holy See, whose tax-exempt status on income from Italian investments was revoked in 1968, decided to diversify its holdings, it employed as financial adviser <a href="/wiki/Michele_Sindona" title="Michele Sindona">Michele Sindona</a>. Once among the country's most powerful businessmen, subsequent investigations into his business affairs brought to light questionable associations with the Mafia as well as the secret <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Due" title="Propaganda Due">P2</a>, a bogus "Masonic" lodge that the Italian Parliament branded as a subversive organization.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1974 <a href="/wiki/Franklin_National_Bank#Collapse" title="Franklin National Bank">failure of Sindona's Franklin National Bank</a> and the subsequent collapse of his financial empire, into which he had channeled part of the Holy See's investments, entailed losses for the Vatican estimated by one source at 35 billion Italian lire (£20 million).<sup id="cite_ref-Spotts_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spotts-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, a political and financial scandal connected with the collapse of <a href="/wiki/Banco_Ambrosiano" title="Banco Ambrosiano">Banco Ambrosiano</a> involved the head of IOR from 1971 to 1989, Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Paul_Marcinkus" title="Paul Marcinkus">Paul Marcinkus</a>, who allegedly had given "letters of patronage" on behalf of the IOR in support of the failed bank.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, an Italian court issued a warrant against Marcinkus, whom they accused of being an accessory to fraudulent bankruptcy. Marcinkus evaded arrest by staying inside Vatican City until the warrant was dismissed in 1991, whereupon he returned to his home country, the United States. Chairman of the Banco Ambrosiano and member of the illegal Masonic lodge <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Due" title="Propaganda Due">P2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Calvi" title="Roberto Calvi">Roberto Calvi</a> was convicted of violating Italian currency laws and fled on a false passport to London where he was found murdered under Blackfriars Bridge in London some days after he went missing from Milan.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Istituto per le Opere di Religione, then a 10% shareholder of Banco Ambrosiano,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> denied legal responsibility for the Banco Ambrosiano's downfall but acknowledged "moral involvement", and paid US$224 million to creditors.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several works published during the 1980s and 1990s were highly critical of the Institute for the Works of Religion's historical relations with anti-communist governments.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holocaust_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holocaust-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In reference other alleged covert activities, Tony Abse, writing in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Worker" class="mw-redirect" title="The Weekly Worker">The Weekly Worker</a></i>, an organ of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Communist Party of Great Britain">Communist Party of Great Britain</a>, has said that the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> used the Institute for the Works of Religion to funnel funds to the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a> Polish trade union "as part of the final offensive against the Soviet Union".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization American Atheists says covert United States funds were channelled in the same way both to Solidarity and to <a href="/wiki/Contra_(guerrillas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Contra (guerrillas)">Contra guerrillas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Alperin_v._Vatican_Bank" title="Alperin v. Vatican Bank">Alperin v. Vatican Bank</a></i> was a <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class action</a> suit by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Holocaust_survivors" title="List of Holocaust survivors">Holocaust survivors</a> against the Institute for the Works of Religion filed in San Francisco, California on 15 November 1999. The case was dismissed as a <a href="/wiki/Political_question" title="Political question">political question</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">District Court for the Northern District of California</a> in 2003, but reinstated in part by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals</a> in 2005. That ruling has attracted attention as a precedent at the intersection of the <a href="/wiki/Alien_Tort_Statute" title="Alien Tort Statute">Alien Tort Claims Act</a> (ATCA) and the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Sovereign_Immunities_Act" title="Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act">Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act</a> (FSIA). The complaint against the Vatican Bank was dismissed in 2007 on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_immunity" title="Sovereign immunity">sovereign immunity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_events_and_reorganisation_(2010–2018)"><span id="Judicial_events_and_reorganisation_.282010.E2.80.932018.29"></span>Judicial events and reorganisation (2010–2018)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Judicial events and reorganisation (2010–2018)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 22 September 2010, Italian magistrates seized €23 million from the IOR, on the grounds that the anti-<a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> laws in force had been violated. The money was originally to be transferred from the Italian Credito Artigiano to <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a> and another Italian bank, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banca_del_Fucino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banca del Fucino (page does not exist)">Banca del Fucino</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banca_del_Fucino" class="extiw" title="it:Banca del Fucino">it</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the origin and destination of the funds were accounts under the control of the IOR.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was furthermore declared that <a href="/wiki/Gotti_Tedeschi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotti Tedeschi">Gotti Tedeschi</a> and another IOR manager were under investigation for money laundering charges.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 May 2011, Rome's attorney general released the €23 million in assets which had been seized in September, apparently in acknowledgment of the steps taken in the following months to conform the Institute to international standards. </p><p>On 24 May 2012, Ettore Gotti Tedeschi was ousted as Head of the Vatican Bank because of his alleged "failure to fulfill the primary functions of his office".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2013, the money laundering case against Gotti Tedeschi was dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2014, he was again acquitted by the Roman court that followed the public prosecutor's position and relieved Gotti Tedeschi from any responsibility in that operation.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 June 2013, with the approval of Pope Francis, the Cardinals' Commission appointed Monsignor <a href="/wiki/Battista_Mario_Salvatore_Ricca" title="Battista Mario Salvatore Ricca">Battista Mario Salvatore Ricca</a> as the Institute's Prelate ad interim.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was also speculation that opponents of reform might have withheld information about possible scandals in Ricca's past or that they might have made up unfounded rumours about Ricca's past.<sup id="cite_ref-Lurid_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lurid-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was reported that Ricca had offered his resignation because of the controversy,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the head of the Holy See's Press Office declared the accusations as "not credible"<sup id="cite_ref-Lurid_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lurid-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Pope Francis himself informed journalists that an inquiry "found nothing".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 June 2013, three persons were arrested by the Italian police on suspicion of corruption and fraud. Allegedly, they had planned to smuggle €20 million in cash from Switzerland into Italy. One of the arrested was Monsignore Nunzio Scarano, previously senior accountant at APSA, the Vatican's <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Patrimony_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See">Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, he was indicted with corruption and slander and set under house arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 January 2014, he was further charged with money laundering through IOR accounts in yet another investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a police statement, millions of euros in "false donations" from offshore companies had moved through Scarano's accounts. Already in July 2013, the IOR had frozen the money in Scarano's accounts. As news agency Reuters reported, Elena Guarino, the Salerno magistrate who led the investigation, told reporters "the Vatican was fully cooperative and gave her much information on Scarano's bank movements.".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2016, Scarano was acquitted of allegations of corruption, but was given a two-year sentence after being convicted of lesser charges of making false allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-jan2016_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan2016-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His money laundering trial in his hometown of Salerno was still pending at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-jan2016_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan2016-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other person arrested was a bank person and a former secret service agent.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2017, a court in Rome convicted two former top Vatican Bank officials Paolo Cipriani and Massimo Tulliof for omissions in communications involving three small transfers.<sup id="cite_ref-feb2017_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feb2017-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cipriani was a former Vatican bank director and Tulliof was Cipriani's former deputy.<sup id="cite_ref-60million_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60million-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were, however, acquitted of a more serious money laundering charge, which involved $60 million in transfers,<sup id="cite_ref-60million_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60million-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were sentenced to four months and ten days in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-60million_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60million-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-feb2017_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feb2017-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were also forced to return $6,000 each.<sup id="cite_ref-60million_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60million-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Vatican prosecutors indicted former Vatican Bank President Angelo Caloia, and an attorney, Gabriele Liuzzo, for embezzling $62 million, using a real estate scam, between 2001 and 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trial is still pending.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process_of_reform">Process of reform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Process of reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutional_milestones">Institutional milestones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Institutional milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2019, the IOR was re-structured by a <a href="/wiki/Chirograph" title="Chirograph">chirograph</a> of Pope Francis, which established the IOR's present Statutes. According to Article 4 of the Chirograph, the Institute consists of four bodies: A Supervisory Commission of Cardinals, a Board of Superintendence, a Prelate and a Directorate.<sup id="cite_ref-Chirografo_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chirografo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_steps_2010/2011"><span id="Reform_steps_2010.2F2011"></span>Reform steps 2010/2011</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reform steps 2010/2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 January 2010, a renegotiated monetary agreement between the EU and the Vatican City State entered into force, supplementing the monetary agreement between the Vatican City State and Italy from the year 2000. Having signed the agreement, the Vatican transposed EU legislation on euro counterfeiting and money laundering by the end of 2010 and accepted the European Court of Justice as the only jurisdiction responsible for settling disputes under the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 December 2010, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> established the Vatican's independent Financial Intelligence Authority (<i>Autorità di Informazione Finanziaria</i>, AIF) to oversee the monetary and commercial activities of all Vatican-related institutions, including the IOR. The Vatican's so-called "financial watchdog" monitors all Vatican financial operations and ensures they conform with international norms against money-laundering and the financing of terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2011, the Roman prosecutors ordered the release of the seized €23 million that should have been transferred via an IOR account at Credito Artigiano. According to the prosecutors, this request of release was due to the newly instituted mechanisms that should help the Institute to conform to international anti-money laundering and antiterrorist financing standards, such as the AIF's establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_steps_2012">Reform steps 2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reform steps 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2012, <a href="/wiki/Moneyval" title="Moneyval">Moneyval</a>, the Council of Europe's Committee of Experts on the Evaluation of Anti-Money Laundering Measures and the Financing of Terrorism, published and issued a report on the Vatican City State, by request of the Vatican itself.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first time that the Holy See had submitted its institutions and laws to the judgment of an international external auditor. The Italian news magazine <i>l'Espresso</i> called this "an historic watershed".<sup id="cite_ref-Elemedia_S.p.A._-_Area_Internet_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elemedia_S.p.A._-_Area_Internet-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vatican received grades of "compliant" or "largely compliant" on 22 out of 45 guidelines and adhered to international standards in 9 out of the 16 core points.<sup id="cite_ref-blogs.wsj.com_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogs.wsj.com-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moneyval stated that the Vatican "has come a long way in a very short period of time" and stated that the city state met the international requirements in 9 out of 16 core topics. At the same time, Moneyval requested further reforms to be enacted<sup id="cite_ref-Elemedia_S.p.A._-_Area_Internet_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elemedia_S.p.A._-_Area_Internet-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blogs.wsj.com_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogs.wsj.com-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vatican expressed a goal to get into the so-called OECD white list which includes countries that comply with international anti-money laundering standards and regulations against tax offences.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2012, a Swiss anti-money laundering expert, René Brülhart, was appointed director of the AIF. Previously, he had worked for the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) in Liechtenstein as well as for the <a href="/wiki/Egmont_Group_of_Financial_Intelligence_Units" title="Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units">Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_steps_2013">Reform steps 2013</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reform steps 2013"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 15 February 2013, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_von_Freyberg" class="extiw" title="de:Ernst von Freyberg">Ernst von Freyberg</a> was appointed the IOR's President. Since the beginning of his tenure at the IOR, von Freyberg has focused on comprehensively reforming the Institute, stating he would<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> focus on transparency<sup id="cite_ref-en.radiovaticana.va_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.radiovaticana.va-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a "zero tolerance" approach to any suspicious transactions.<sup id="cite_ref-en.radiovaticana.va_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.radiovaticana.va-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2013, the international consulting and auditing firm Promontory was assigned a forensic review and screening of the Institute's client relationships. In this context, all accounts of the IOR's 19,000 customers were being checked if they meet the respective criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 June 2013, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> created a <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Commission">Pontifical Commission</a>, often referred to as the CRIOR commission, to review the IOR's status and activities.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its task was to "gather accurate information on the legal status and various activities of the Institute to permit, when necessary, a better harmonization of the said Institute with the universal mission of the Apostolic See". Its five members were <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Farina" title="Raffaele Farina">Raffaele Farina</a> (President) Jean-Louis Pierre Tauran, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Arrieta_Ochoa_de_Chinchetru" title="Juan Ignacio Arrieta Ochoa de Chinchetru">Juan Ignacio Arrieta Ochoa de Chinchetru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bryan_Wells" title="Peter Bryan Wells">Peter Bryan Wells</a> (secretary) and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Glendon" title="Mary Ann Glendon">Mary Ann Glendon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commission terminated its work in May 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2013, the Holy See's Financial Intelligence Authority (AIF), charged with monitoring the monetary and commercial activities of Vatican agencies, was admitted as a full member of the Egmont Group, an international network of <a href="/wiki/Financial_intelligence" title="Financial intelligence">financial intelligence</a> units.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 October 2013, the IOR published its first ever annual report.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The annual report is available for download on the Institute's homepage which was launched in July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report's figures were audited by the global accounting firm KPMG.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the report, the Institute in 2012 had a net profit of €86.6 million, of which it has transferred €54.7 million to the budget of the Holy See to help the pope carry out the church's global mission. Both measures – the annual report's publication and the launch of the website – were reviewed as remarkable signs of enhanced transparency and compliance: The Guardian called the website launch a "giant leap"<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Reuters named it a "transparency drive".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 June 2017 IOR published its fifth annual report, showing net gains of €36 million for the year 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in October 2013, newspapers reported that the IOR had requested around 1,300 customers to close their IOR accounts. Allegedly, this request was directed at lay account holders, who do not fit into any of the five categories of clients the IOR is legally allowed to have.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The closures are said to be a result of the review process conducted by Promontory.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 December 2013, Moneyval published its Progress Report that assessed the Holy See's progress made on measures to combat money laundering.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was stated that the IOR has made significant progress but at the same time needed more institutionalized internal controls, especially with regard to the AIF's watchdog function.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, the report was rated as the approval of the economic and financial reforms enacted since Pope Francis' taking office.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_steps_2014">Reform steps 2014</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reform steps 2014"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 22 January 2014, the IOR published a report on the progress of the compliance and transparency program.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IOR President Ernst von Freyberg commented on the release, stating that "it is very possible to reform an institution like the IOR" and that the Institute has "used the past year to create the system and to analyse our customers for possible irregularities". Von Freyberg also stated much work needs to be done as regards transparency and compliance.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 April 2014, Pope Francis ruled the IOR will stay operative and approved recommendations on the Institute's future, which were drawn up jointly by the papal commissions CRIOR and COSEA, by the IOR's management and by Australian Cardinal <a href="/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell">George Pell</a>, head of the Vatican's Secretariat for the Economy. The decision was interpreted as a "backing" of the process of reform that had been intensified under Pope Francis and von Freyberg.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IOR itself stated that the Pope's decision "represents a powerful endorsement of our very mission and the hard work accomplished over the past 12 months."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_von_Freyberg" class="extiw" title="de:Ernst von Freyberg">Von Freyberg</a> stepped down in July as head of the IOR and Pope Francis named Jean-Baptiste de Franssu to replace him.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2014, the Cardinals' Commission of the IOR appointed Mauricio Larraín (Chile) and Carlo Salvatori (Italy) as members to the IOR Board of Superintendence. Other members included Jean-Baptiste de Franssu (France), President of the Board, Clemens Boersig (Germany), <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Glendon" title="Mary Ann Glendon">Mary Ann Glendon</a> (USA) and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hintze" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Hintze">Michael Hintze</a> (UK). In addition to these six lay members of the Board, Monsignor <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Xuereb" title="Alfred Xuereb">Alfred Xuereb</a>, Secretary-General of the Secretariat for the Economy, served as its non-voting Secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From January 2017 additional members added to the board were: Scott C. Malpass (USA), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Javier_Mar%C3%ADn_Romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Javier Marín Romano (page does not exist)">Javier Marín Romano</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Mar%C3%ADn_Romano" class="extiw" title="es:Javier Marín Romano">es</a>]</span> (Spain), and Georg Freiherr von Boeselager (Germany).<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023">2023</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2023, a <a href="/wiki/Chirograph" title="Chirograph">chirograph</a> of Pope Francis was published, whose goal is "to further renew the Statute of the Institute for the Works of Religion to make it consistent with the most modern organizational requirements as well as with the operational needs that arise daily in the Institute's activities".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/28px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/56px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Economics" title="Portal:Economics">Economics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/28px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/42px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/56px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="54" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Banks" title="Portal:Banks">Banks portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Patrimony_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See">Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_finance" title="Christian finance">Christian finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Vatican City">Economy of the Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Vatican City-related articles">Index of Vatican City-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_for_the_Economic_Affairs_of_the_Holy_See" title="Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See">Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatileaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatileaks">Vatileaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Rothschild_loan_to_the_Holy_See" class="mw-redirect" title="1832 Rothschild loan to the Holy See">1832 Rothschild loan to the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church#Financial_corruption" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church § Financial corruption</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The central banking function of the Vatican is regulated by the Monetary Agreement between the European Union and the Vatican City State, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/world/outside_euro_area/documents/2010-01-01-vatican_monetary_agreement.pdf">Monetary Agreement between the European Union and the Vatican City State</a> authorizing the use of the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> as the official currency of Vatican City. Implementation of that Agreement and oversight of the Vatican law against money laundering and financing of terrorism is in the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Information_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Information Authority">Financial Information Authority</a> established by Pope Benedict XVI on 30 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20101230_attivita-illegali_en.html">Motu proprio for the prevention and countering of illegal activities in the area of financial dealings</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romereports.com/palio/Pope-requires-full-transparency-of-transactions-in-the-Vatican-english-3323.html">Pope requires full transparency of transactions in the Vatican</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008010409/http://www.romereports.com/palio/Pope-requires-full-transparency-of-transactions-in-the-Vatican-english-3323.html">Archived</a> 8 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Specific citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNick_Squires2023" class="citation web cs1">Nick Squires (1 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/10153895/Head-of-Vatican-bank-resigns-amid-corruption-scandal.html">"Head of Vatican bank resigns amid corruption scandal"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Head+of+Vatican+bank+resigns+amid+corruption+scandal&rft.date=2023-07-01&rft.au=Nick+Squires&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fvaticancityandholysee%2F10153895%2FHead-of-Vatican-bank-resigns-amid-corruption-scandal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chirograph2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chirograph2019_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chirograph2019_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chirograph2019_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_Francis2019" class="citation web cs1">Pope Francis (8 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/letters/2019/documents/papa-francesco_20190808_chirografo-statuti-ior.html">"Chirograph of the Holy Father for the new Statutes of the Institute for the Works of Religion"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chirograph+of+the+Holy+Father+for+the+new+Statutes+of+the+Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft.au=Pope+Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Ffrancesco%2Fen%2Fletters%2F2019%2Fdocuments%2Fpapa-francesco_20190808_chirografo-statuti-ior.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-annualreport2023-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-annualreport2023_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-annualreport2023_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-annualreport2023_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-annualreport2023_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-annualreport2023_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ior.va/content/ior/en/media/annual-report/annual-report-2023.html">"Istituto per le Opere di Religione Annual Report 2023"</a>. 14 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Istituto+per+le+Opere+di+Religione+Annual+Report+2023&rft.date=2023-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ior.va%2Fcontent%2Fior%2Fen%2Fmedia%2Fannual-report%2Fannual-report-2023.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%20Index%202002-2009/AAS%20Index%202003.pdf">"Acta Apostolicae Sedis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 31 December 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acta+Apostolicae+Sedis&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Faas%2Fdocuments%2FAAS%2520Index%25202002-2009%2FAAS%2520Index%25202003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%20Index%202002-2009/AAS%20Index%202007.pdf">"Acta Apostolicae Sedis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 31 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acta+Apostolicae+Sedis&rft.date=2007-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Faas%2Fdocuments%2FAAS%2520Index%25202002-2009%2FAAS%2520Index%25202007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/interview-with-vatican-financial-oversight-director-rene-bruelhart-a-889560.html">"Interview With Vatican Financial Oversight Director Ren Brlhart"</a>. <i>Spiegel Online</i>. Hamburg, Germany. 18 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spiegel+Online&rft.atitle=Interview+With+Vatican+Financial+Oversight+Director+Ren+Brlhart&rft.date=2013-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Feurope%2Finterview-with-vatican-financial-oversight-director-rene-bruelhart-a-889560.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2013/07/31/ior_launches_website/en1-715812">IOR launches website</a>, Vatican Radio, 31 July 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IOR: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ior.va/Portals/0/Content/Media/Documents/AnnualReports/425x00sc399T!/IOR_AnnualReport_E.pdf">IOR Annual Report 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131008021022/http://www.ior.va/Portals/0/Content/Media/Documents/AnnualReports/425x00sc399T%21/IOR_AnnualReport_E.pdf">Archived</a> 8 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24347995">"Vatican bank publishes first ever annual report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Vatican+bank+publishes+first+ever+annual+report&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-24347995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinfield2013" class="citation web cs1">Winfield, Nicole (1 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131010151029/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/secretive-vatican-bank-takes-step-transparency">"Secretive Vatican bank takes step to transparency"</a>. AP. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/secretive-vatican-bank-takes-step-transparency">the original</a> on 10 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secretive+Vatican+bank+takes+step+to+transparency&rft.pub=AP&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.aulast=Winfield&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigstory.ap.org%2Farticle%2Fsecretive-vatican-bank-takes-step-transparency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2013/06/26/pope_sets_up_pontifical_commission_to_study_ior_reform/en1-704987">"Vatican Radio"</a>. <i>radiovaticana.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=radiovaticana.va&rft.atitle=Vatican+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.radiovaticana.va%2Fnews%2F2013%2F06%2F26%2Fpope_sets_up_pontifical_commission_to_study_ior_reform%2Fen1-704987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-communique-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-communique_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-communique_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2014/04/07/0244/00548.html">"Communique: Holy Father approves recommendations on the future of the Ior"</a>. <i>vatican.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=Communique%3A+Holy+Father+approves+recommendations+on+the+future+of+the+Ior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fit%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2014%2F04%2F07%2F0244%2F00548.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chirografo-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chirografo_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chirografo_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chirografo_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chirografo_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2023/03/07/0183/00394.html">"Chirografo per il nuovo Statuto dell'Istituto per le Opere di Religione"</a>. <i>vatican.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=Chirografo+per+il+nuovo+Statuto+dell%27Istituto+per+le+Opere+di+Religione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fit%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2023%2F03%2F07%2F0183%2F00394.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Annuario_Pontificio'_2012-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Annuario_Pontificio'_2012_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annuario_Pontificio'_2012_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio</i> 2012, p. 1908</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/index.htm">"The Roman Curia – Index"</a>. <i>vatican.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=The+Roman+Curia+%E2%80%93+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VIS_2014-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VIS_2014_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VIS_2014_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visnews-en.blogspot.co.at/2014/07/new-economic-framework-for-holy-see.html">"New Economic Framework for the Holy See"</a>. Vatican Information Service. 9 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Economic+Framework+for+the+Holy+See&rft.pub=Vatican+Information+Service&rft.date=2014-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvisnews-en.blogspot.co.at%2F2014%2F07%2Fnew-economic-framework-for-holy-see.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilmessaggero.it/vaticano/parolin_papa_francesco_ior_becciu_vaticano_soldi_banca_inchiesta_cardinali_chiesa_soldi-5515258.html">"Vaticano, il cardinale Pietro Parolin fuori dalla commissione di controllo dello IOR"</a>. <i>Il Messaggero</i> (in Italian). 10 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Messaggero&rft.atitle=Vaticano%2C+il+cardinale+Pietro+Parolin+fuori+dalla+commissione+di+controllo+dello+IOR&rft.date=2020-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmessaggero.it%2Fvaticano%2Fparolin_papa_francesco_ior_becciu_vaticano_soldi_banca_inchiesta_cardinali_chiesa_soldi-5515258.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avvenire.it/chiesa/pagine/ior-cambia-la-commissione-cardinali-esce-parolin-entra-petrocchi">"Ior, nella Commissione dei cardinali esce Parolin ed entra Petrocchi"</a>. <i>Avvenire</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avvenire&rft.atitle=Ior%2C+nella+Commissione+dei+cardinali+esce+Parolin+ed+entra+Petrocchi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avvenire.it%2Fchiesa%2Fpagine%2Fior-cambia-la-commissione-cardinali-esce-parolin-entra-petrocchi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/column/54233/ior-secretariat-of-state-out-of-the-cardinals-commission">"IOR: Secretariat of State out of the Cardinals commission – CNA Columns: A Vatican Observer"</a>. <i>Catholic News Agency – By Andrea Gagliarducci</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency+%E2%80%93+By+Andrea+Gagliarducci&rft.atitle=IOR%3A+Secretariat+of+State+out+of+the+Cardinals+commission+%E2%80%93+CNA+Columns%3A+A+Vatican+Observer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fcolumn%2F54233%2Fior-secretariat-of-state-out-of-the-cardinals-commission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ior.va/content/ior/en/governance.html">"Governance"</a>. <i>www.ior.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ior.va&rft.atitle=Governance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ior.va%2Fcontent%2Fior%2Fen%2Fgovernance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/two-new-members-appointed-to-board-of-the-vatican-bank">"Two New Members Appointed to Board of Vatican Bank"</a>. Zenit. 16 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+New+Members+Appointed+to+Board+of+Vatican+Bank&rft.pub=Zenit&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zenit.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2Ftwo-new-members-appointed-to-board-of-the-vatican-bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaxon1986" class="citation news cs1">Saxon, Wolfgang (23 March 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/23/world/michele-sindona-jailed-italian-financier-dies-cyanide-poisoning-65-center.html">"MICHELE SINDONA, JAILED ITALIAN FINANCIER, DIES OF CYANIDE POISONING AT 65; At the Center of Scandals"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MICHELE+SINDONA%2C+JAILED+ITALIAN+FINANCIER%2C+DIES+OF+CYANIDE+POISONING+AT+65%3B+At+the+Center+of+Scandals&rft.date=1986-03-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Saxon&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F03%2F23%2Fworld%2Fmichele-sindona-jailed-italian-financier-dies-cyanide-poisoning-65-center.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spotts-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spotts_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b33LtunhiZ4C&dq=Sindona+Vatican&pg=PA252">Spotts, Frederic and Wieser, Theodor. <i>Italy: A Difficult Democracy</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1986</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521315111" title="Special:BookSources/9780521315111">9780521315111</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2dcCAAAAMBAJ&q=Sindona+Vatican&pg=PA44"><i>Sidona's World</i></a>. New York Magazine. 24 September 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sidona%27s+World&rft.pub=New+York+Magazine&rft.date=1979-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2dcCAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DSindona%2BVatican%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lombardi, Mark; Hobbs, Robert Carleton and Richards, Judith. <i>Global Networks</i>, Independent Curators, 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-916365-67-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-916365-67-0">0-916365-67-0</a>, pp. 61–65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aVsWAQAAMAAJ&q=%22+much+smaller+and+his+estimate%22"><i>The Banker</i></a>. January 1975.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Banker&rft.date=1975-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaVsWAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522%2Bmuch%2Bsmaller%2Band%2Bhis%2Bestimate%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2006" class="citation book cs1">McCarthy, Dennis Patrick (27 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yn374DG1yjgC&q=McCarthy+%22letters+of+patronage%22&pg=PT185"><i>International Economic Integration in Historical Perspective</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135987503" title="Special:BookSources/9781135987503"><bdi>9781135987503</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Economic+Integration+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-09-27&rft.isbn=9781135987503&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Dennis+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyn374DG1yjgC%26q%3DMcCarthy%2B%2522letters%2Bof%2Bpatronage%2522%26pg%3DPT185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.invisible-dog.com/DOC%20CALVI/luglio71_ocr.pdf">"1971 Agreement between IOR's Paul Casimir Marcinkus and Banco Ambrosiano's Roberto Calvi Invisible-Dog.com"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1971+Agreement+between+IOR%27s+Paul+Casimir+Marcinkus+and+Banco+Ambrosiano%27s+Roberto+Calvi+Invisible-Dog.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.invisible-dog.com%2FDOC%2520CALVI%2Fluglio71_ocr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-23289297">"BBC News – The Vatican Bank is rocked by scandal again"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 17 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+News+%E2%80%93+The+Vatican+Bank+is+rocked+by+scandal+again&rft.date=2013-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-23289297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGup1998" class="citation book cs1">Gup, Benton E. (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bankfailuresinma0000gupb"><i>Bank Failures in the Major Trading Countries of the World</i></a></span>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bankfailuresinma0000gupb/page/31">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781567202083" title="Special:BookSources/9781567202083"><bdi>9781567202083</bdi></a>. <q>Gup 10 percent of Banco.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bank+Failures+in+the+Major+Trading+Countries+of+the+World&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781567202083&rft.aulast=Gup&rft.aufirst=Benton+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbankfailuresinma0000gupb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_L_Allen_JR2013" class="citation book cs1">John L Allen JR (20 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gh8sNOSW_88C&q=Vatican+%22Banco+Ambrosiano%22+%22moral+responsibility%22&pg=PT207"><i>The Catholic Church: What Everyone Needs to Know</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199976799" title="Special:BookSources/9780199976799"><bdi>9780199976799</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Church%3A+What+Everyone+Needs+to+Know&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft.isbn=9780199976799&rft.au=John+L+Allen+JR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgh8sNOSW_88C%26q%3DVatican%2B%2522Banco%2BAmbrosiano%2522%2B%2522moral%2Bresponsibility%2522%26pg%3DPT207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150211201510/http://www.invisible-dog.com/DOC%20CALVI/Accordo_IOR_84_ocr.pdf">"IOR – AMBROSIANO Settlement Agreement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Invisible-Dog.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.invisible-dog.com/DOC%20CALVI/Accordo_IOR_84_ocr.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IOR+%E2%80%93+AMBROSIANO+Settlement+Agreement&rft.pub=Invisible-Dog.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.invisible-dog.com%2FDOC%2520CALVI%2FAccordo_IOR_84_ocr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paris-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paris_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParis" class="citation book cs1">Paris, Edmond. <i><span></span></i>Genocide in Satellite Croatia 1941–1945<i><span></span></i>. The American Institute for Balkan Affairs, 1990.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocide+in+Satellite+Croatia+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=The+American+Institute+for+Balkan+Affairs%2C+1990&rft.aulast=Paris&rft.aufirst=Edmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holocaust-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holocaust_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManhattan1986" class="citation book cs1">Manhattan, Avro (1986). <i><span></span></i>The Vatican's Holocaust<i><span></span></i>. Ozark Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vatican%27s+Holocaust&rft.pub=Ozark+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Manhattan&rft.aufirst=Avro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130707003210/http://www.cpgb.org.uk/home/weekly-worker/969/vatican-rotten-to-the-core">"Vatican: Rotten to the Core"</a>. American Atheists. 4 July 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpgb.org.uk/home/weekly-worker/969/vatican-rotten-to-the-core">the original</a> on 7 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vatican%3A+Rotten+to+the+Core&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpgb.org.uk%2Fhome%2Fweekly-worker%2F969%2Fvatican-rotten-to-the-core&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050904202538/http://www.atheists.org/flash.line/vatican2.htm">"Gelli arrest is another chapter in sordid Vatican bank scandal"</a>. American Atheists. 16 September 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atheists.org/flash.line/vatican2.htm">the original</a> on 4 September 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gelli+arrest+is+another+chapter+in+sordid+Vatican+bank+scandal&rft.date=1998-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atheists.org%2Fflash.line%2Fvatican2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110629133120/http://www.agi.it/english-version/italy/elenco-notizie/201009211257-cro-ren1051-ior_gotti_tedeschi_under_investigation_23_mln_euro_seized">"IOR: GOTTI TEDESCHI UNDER INVESTIGATION, 23 MLN EURO SEIZED"</a>. <i>agi.it</i>. 21 September 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agi.it/english-version/italy/elenco-notizie/201009211257-cro-ren1051-ior_gotti_tedeschi_under_investigation_23_mln_euro_seized">the original</a> on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=agi.it&rft.atitle=IOR%3A+GOTTI+TEDESCHI+UNDER+INVESTIGATION%2C+23+MLN+EURO+SEIZED&rft.date=2010-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agi.it%2Fenglish-version%2Fitaly%2Felenco-notizie%2F201009211257-cro-ren1051-ior_gotti_tedeschi_under_investigation_23_mln_euro_seized&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11380628">"Vatican Bank 'investigated over money-laundering'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC News Online. 21 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vatican+Bank+%27investigated+over+money-laundering%27&rft.date=2010-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-11380628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonadio2010" class="citation news cs1">Donadio, Rachel (21 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/22/world/europe/22vatican.html?_r=1&ref=business">"Money-Laundering Inquiry Touches Vatican Bank"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Money-Laundering+Inquiry+Touches+Vatican+Bank&rft.date=2010-09-21&rft.aulast=Donadio&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F09%2F22%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F22vatican.html%3F_r%3D1%26ref%3Dbusiness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/cronaca/2013/07/02/Ior-Gotti-Tedeschi-verso-archiviazione_8963101.html">"Ior: Gotti Tedeschi verso archiviazione"</a>. <i>ansa.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ansa.it&rft.atitle=Ior%3A+Gotti+Tedeschi+verso+archiviazione&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansa.it%2Fweb%2Fnotizie%2Frubriche%2Fcronaca%2F2013%2F07%2F02%2FIor-Gotti-Tedeschi-verso-archiviazione_8963101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Hooper2012" class="citation web cs1">John Hooper (10 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/10/vatican-lawyer-accused-negligence-tedeschi">"Vatican bank's former president accused of negligence"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Vatican+bank%27s+former+president+accused+of+negligence&rft.date=2012-06-10&rft.au=John+Hooper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fjun%2F10%2Fvatican-lawyer-accused-negligence-tedeschi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-bank-probe-idUSBRE96506020130706">Italian prosecutors drop inquiry into former Vatican bank chief</a>, Reuters, 6 July 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/news/detail/articolo/ior-gotti-tedeschi-33044/">"IOR: Gotti Tedeschi's counter-attack"</a>. <i>lastampa.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lastampa.it&rft.atitle=IOR%3A+Gotti+Tedeschi%27s+counter-attack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvaticaninsider.lastampa.it%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2Farticolo%2Fior-gotti-tedeschi-33044%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/vatican-banks-ousted-president-comes-swinging-133845129.html">"Vatican bank's ousted president comes out swinging"</a>. AP. 28 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+bank%27s+ousted+president+comes+out+swinging&rft.date=2014-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fvatican-banks-ousted-president-comes-swinging-133845129.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22924397">Pope Francis appoints prelate to oversee Vatican bank </a>, BBC News, 15 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lurid-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lurid_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lurid_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420055125/http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/vaticanista-publishes-lurid-tale-surrounding-vatican-bank-appointee">"Vaticanista Publishes Lurid Tale Surrounding Vatican Bank Appointee"</a>. <i>National Catholic Register</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/vaticanista-publishes-lurid-tale-surrounding-vatican-bank-appointee/">the original</a> on 20 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Register&rft.atitle=Vaticanista+Publishes+Lurid+Tale+Surrounding+Vatican+Bank+Appointee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncregister.com%2Fdaily-news%2Fvaticanista-publishes-lurid-tale-surrounding-vatican-bank-appointee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/21/gay-scandal-pope-francis-judgment">Pope Francis's judgment in question after priest named in gay sex scandal</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723123915/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/damianthompson/100227354/gay-scandal-at-the-heart-of-the-vatican-pope-francis-faces-his-first-crisis/">Gay scandal at the heart of the Vatican: Pope Francis faces his first crisis </a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/world-news/prelate-battista-riccas-gay-romance-rocks-vatican/story-fndir2ev-1226682266943">Prelate Battista Ricca's 'gay romance' rocks Vatican</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=18527">"Prelate of Vatican bank reportedly offers resignation"</a>. <i>catholicculture.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catholicculture.org&rft.atitle=Prelate+of+Vatican+bank+reportedly+offers+resignation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fnews%2Fheadlines%2Findex.cfm%3Fstoryid%3D18527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectator.co.uk/life/long-life/8970401/pope-francis-appoints-a-prelate-with-an-alleged-lurid-homosexual-past-to-the-vatican-bank/">"Romans always love a Vatican scandal. But what if this time they're right?"</a>. <i>The Spectator</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=Romans+always+love+a+Vatican+scandal.+But+what+if+this+time+they%27re+right%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2Flife%2Flong-life%2F8970401%2Fpope-francis-appoints-a-prelate-with-an-alleged-lurid-homosexual-past-to-the-vatican-bank%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/international/21582553-pope-wows-brazil-battlesand-trapslie-home-style-and-substance">"Pope Francis: Style and substance – The Economist"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 3 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis%3A+Style+and+substance+%E2%80%93+The+Economist&rft.date=2013-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2F21582553-pope-wows-brazil-battlesand-trapslie-home-style-and-substance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304234634/http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/post-wyd-surprise-pope-francis-gives-wide-ranging-in-flight-press-conferenc/">"Post-WYD Surprise: Pope Francis Gives Wide-Ranging In-Flight Press Conference"</a>. <i>National Catholic Register</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/post-wyd-surprise-pope-francis-gives-wide-ranging-in-flight-press-conferenc/">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Register&rft.atitle=Post-WYD+Surprise%3A+Pope+Francis+Gives+Wide-Ranging+In-Flight+Press+Conference&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncregister.com%2Fdaily-news%2Fpost-wyd-surprise-pope-francis-gives-wide-ranging-in-flight-press-conferenc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/10148030/Spy-monsignor-and-banker-arrested-in-Vatican-bank-fraud-plot.html">"Spy, monsignor and banker arrested in Vatican bank fraud 'plot'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Telegraph.co.uk</i>. 28 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Spy%2C+monsignor+and+banker+arrested+in+Vatican+bank+fraud+%27plot%27&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fvaticancityandholysee%2F10148030%2FSpy-monsignor-and-banker-arrested-in-Vatican-bank-fraud-plot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/world/vatican-official-monsignor-nunzio-scarano-on-trial-for-corruption-alleged-plot-to-smuggle-30-million/story-fndir2ev-1226774667081">"Vatican official 'in $30m smuggling plot'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>NewsComAu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NewsComAu&rft.atitle=Vatican+official+%27in+%2430m+smuggling+plot%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fworld%2Fvatican-official-monsignor-nunzio-scarano-on-trial-for-corruption-alleged-plot-to-smuggle-30-million%2Fstory-fndir2ev-1226774667081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25831234">"BBC News – Vatican cleric Scarano charged with money-laundering"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 21 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+News+%E2%80%93+Vatican+cleric+Scarano+charged+with+money-laundering&rft.date=2014-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-25831234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullella2014" class="citation news cs1">Pullella, Philip (21 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-bank-monsignor-idUSBREA0K0DE20140121">"Arrested Vatican prelate in new money laundering charge"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Arrested+Vatican+prelate+in+new+money+laundering+charge&rft.date=2014-01-21&rft.aulast=Pullella&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-vatican-bank-monsignor-idUSBREA0K0DE20140121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jan2016-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jan2016_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jan2016_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-finance-scarano-idUSKCN0UW1SX">"Court acquits ex-Vatican official in money smuggling case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220102105235/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-finance-scarano-idUSKCN0UW1SX">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Court+acquits+ex-Vatican+official+in+money+smuggling+case&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-vatican-finance-scarano-idUSKCN0UW1SX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanderson2013" class="citation news cs1">Sanderson, Rachel (6 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/3029390a-5c68-11e3-931e-00144feabdc0">"The scandal at the Vatican bank"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/3029390a-5c68-11e3-931e-00144feabdc0">the original</a></span> on 10 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=The+scandal+at+the+Vatican+bank&rft.date=2013-12-06&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F3029390a-5c68-11e3-931e-00144feabdc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-feb2017-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-feb2017_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-feb2017_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/ex-vatican-bank-managers-convicted-money-laundering-violations-article-1.2980954">"Rome court convicts two former Vatican bank managers for money laundering violations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i>. 23 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Rome+court+convicts+two+former+Vatican+bank+managers+for+money+laundering+violations&rft.date=2017-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fex-vatican-bank-managers-convicted-money-laundering-violations-article-1.2980954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60million-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-60million_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-60million_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-60million_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-60million_60-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2018/02/06/vatican-court-condemns-ex-vatican-bank-officials-mismanagement/">"Vatican court condemns ex-Vatican bank officials for 'mismanagement'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+court+condemns+ex-Vatican+bank+officials+for+%27mismanagement%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcruxnow.com%2Fvatican%2F2018%2F02%2F06%2Fvatican-court-condemns-ex-vatican-bank-officials-mismanagement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/general-news-6d56d56b05a544b29c6ec35d9024698a">"Vatican indicts ex-bank head, says embezzlement loss is $62M"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 4 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Vatican+indicts+ex-bank+head%2C+says+embezzlement+loss+is+%2462M&rft.date=2018-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fgeneral-news-6d56d56b05a544b29c6ec35d9024698a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/world/outside_euro_area/documents/2010-01-01-vatican_monetary_agreement.pdf">"Euro area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>European Commission – European Commission</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Commission+%E2%80%93+European+Commission&rft.atitle=Euro+area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feconomy_finance%2Feuro%2Fworld%2Foutside_euro_area%2Fdocuments%2F2010-01-01-vatican_monetary_agreement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/31/world/europe/31vatican.html?_r=0">The Vatican Creates a Financial Watchdog</a>, The New York Times, 30 December 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonadio2011" class="citation news cs1">Donadio, Rachel (1 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/02/world/europe/02briefs-Italy.html">"Italy: Money Seized From Vatican Bank Is Released"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Italy%3A+Money+Seized+From+Vatican+Bank+Is+Released&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Donadio&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F06%2F02%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F02briefs-Italy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.va/en/news/vatican-reacts-to-moneyval-report">"Vatican reacts to Moneyval Report"</a>. <i>news.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.va&rft.atitle=Vatican+reacts+to+Moneyval+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.va%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fvatican-reacts-to-moneyval-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elemedia_S.p.A._-_Area_Internet-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elemedia_S.p.A._-_Area_Internet_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elemedia_S.p.A._-_Area_Internet_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElemedia_S.p.A._–_Area_Internet" class="citation web cs1">Elemedia S.p.A. – Area Internet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/1350302?eng=y">"Vatican and Money. The Moneyval Earthquake Isn't Over"</a>. <i>repubblica.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=repubblica.it&rft.atitle=Vatican+and+Money.+The+Moneyval+Earthquake+Isn%27t+Over&rft.au=Elemedia+S.p.A.+%E2%80%93+Area+Internet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchiesa.espresso.repubblica.it%2Farticolo%2F1350302%3Feng%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blogs.wsj.com-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blogs.wsj.com_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blogs.wsj.com_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubenfeld2012" class="citation news cs1">Rubenfeld, Samuel (18 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/corruption-currents/2012/07/18/moneyval-report-urges-vatican-to-improve-oversight/">"Moneyval Report Urges Vatican to Improve Oversight"</a>. <i>WSJ</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WSJ&rft.atitle=Moneyval+Report+Urges+Vatican+to+Improve+Oversight&rft.date=2012-07-18&rft.aulast=Rubenfeld&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fcorruption-currents%2F2012%2F07%2F18%2Fmoneyval-report-urges-vatican-to-improve-oversight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_DonovanSonia_Sirletti2010" class="citation web cs1">Jeffrey Donovan; Sonia Sirletti (28 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-28/vatican-keeps-oecd-waiting-on-transparency-as-italy-magistrates-probe-bank.html">"Vatican Keeps OECD Waiting on Transparency as Italy Magistrates Probe Bank"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Vatican+Keeps+OECD+Waiting+on+Transparency+as+Italy+Magistrates+Probe+Bank&rft.date=2010-09-28&rft.au=Jeffrey+Donovan&rft.au=Sonia+Sirletti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2010-09-28%2Fvatican-keeps-oecd-waiting-on-transparency-as-italy-magistrates-probe-bank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mondayvatican.com/holy-see/the-vatican-is-steadily-becoming-more-and-more-transparent-proof-of-it-is-the-appointment-of-an-international-expert-to-head-its-authority-for-financial-information">"MondayVatican – Holy See » The Vatican is steadily becoming more and more transparent. Proof of it is the appointment of an international expert to head its Authority for Financial Information. – MondayVatican"</a>. <i>mondayvatican.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mondayvatican.com&rft.atitle=MondayVatican+%E2%80%93+Holy+See+%C2%BB+The+Vatican+is+steadily+becoming+more+and+more+transparent.+Proof+of+it+is+the+appointment+of+an+international+expert+to+head+its+Authority+for+Financial+Information.+%E2%80%93+MondayVatican&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mondayvatican.com%2Fholy-see%2Fthe-vatican-is-steadily-becoming-more-and-more-transparent-proof-of-it-is-the-appointment-of-an-international-expert-to-head-its-authority-for-financial-information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullella2013" class="citation news cs1">Pullella, Philip (13 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106035808/http://in.reuters.com/article/vatican-bank-idINDEE95C05D20130613">"New Vatican bank head says mission is total transparency"</a>. <i>reuters.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.reuters.com/article/vatican-bank-idINDEE95C05D20130613">the original</a> on 6 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=reuters.com&rft.atitle=New+Vatican+bank+head+says+mission+is+total+transparency&rft.date=2013-06-13&rft.aulast=Pullella&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fvatican-bank-idINDEE95C05D20130613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-en.radiovaticana.va-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-en.radiovaticana.va_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-en.radiovaticana.va_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2013/05/31/interview_with_ior_president,_ernst_von_freyberg/en1-696987">"Vatican Radio"</a>. <i>radiovaticana.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=radiovaticana.va&rft.atitle=Vatican+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.radiovaticana.va%2Fnews%2F2013%2F05%2F31%2Finterview_with_ior_president%2C_ernst_von_freyberg%2Fen1-696987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8fd4e882-c900-11e2-9d2a-00144feab7de.html#axzz31Va1mnWZ">"God's new banker brings Teutonic thoroughness to Vatican"</a></span>. <i>Financial Times</i>. 30 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210211244/https://www.ft.com/content/8fd4e882-c900-11e2-9d2a-00144feab7de#axzz31Va1mnWZ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=God%27s+new+banker+brings+Teutonic+thoroughness+to+Vatican&rft.date=2013-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F8fd4e882-c900-11e2-9d2a-00144feab7de.html%23axzz31Va1mnWZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130722203720/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/the-pope/10193956/Overhaul-of-Vatican-bank-gathers-pace.html">"Overhaul of Vatican bank gathers pace"</a>. <i>Telegraph.co.uk</i>. 21 July 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/the-pope/10193956/Overhaul-of-Vatican-bank-gathers-pace.html">the original</a> on 22 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Overhaul+of+Vatican+bank+gathers+pace&rft.date=2013-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Freligion%2Fthe-pope%2F10193956%2FOverhaul-of-Vatican-bank-gathers-pace.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/francesco/letters/2013/documents/papa-francesco_20130624_chirografo-commissione-ior_en.html">CHIROGRAPH OF THE HOLY FATHER FRANCIS ESTABLISHING A PONTIFICAL COMMISSION FOR REFERENCE ON THE INSTITUTE FOR WORKS OF RELIGION</a>, vatican.va, 24 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328045950/http://www.news.va/en/news/pope-sets-up-pontifical-commission-to-study-ior-re">"Pope sets up Pontifical Commission to study IOR reform"</a>. <i>news.va</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.va/en/news/pope-sets-up-pontifical-commission-to-study-ior-re">the original</a> on 28 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.va&rft.atitle=Pope+sets+up+Pontifical+Commission+to+study+IOR+reform&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.va%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fpope-sets-up-pontifical-commission-to-study-ior-re&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.va/it/news/conclusi-lavori-commissioni-referenti-il-grazie-de">Conclusi lavori Commissioni referenti, il grazie del Papa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214328/http://www.news.va/it/news/conclusi-lavori-commissioni-referenti-il-grazie-de">Archived</a> 27 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> News.va. Retrieved 27 May 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/vatican-financial-intelligence-authority-admitted-to-global-network-of-financial-intelligence-units">"Vatican Financial Intelligence Authority Admitted to Global Network of Financial Intelligence Units"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zenit_News_Agency" title="Zenit News Agency">Zenit News Agency</a>. 3 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+Financial+Intelligence+Authority+Admitted+to+Global+Network+of+Financial+Intelligence+Units&rft.pub=Zenit+News+Agency&rft.date=2013-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zenit.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2Fvatican-financial-intelligence-authority-admitted-to-global-network-of-financial-intelligence-units&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/27571/despite-setbacks-vatican-bank-undergoing-important-evolution">"Despite setbacks, Vatican Bank undergoing important evolution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_News_Agency" title="Catholic News Agency">Catholic News Agency</a>. 4 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Despite+setbacks%2C+Vatican+Bank+undergoing+important+evolution&rft.pub=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F27571%2Fdespite-setbacks-vatican-bank-undergoing-important-evolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131008021022/http://www.ior.va/Portals/0/Content/Media/Documents/AnnualReports/425x00sc399T!/IOR_AnnualReport_E.pdf">"ior.va: Annual Report 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ior.va/Portals/0/Content/Media/Documents/AnnualReports/425x00sc399T!/IOR_AnnualReport_E.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ior.va%3A+Annual+Report+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ior.va%2FPortals%2F0%2FContent%2FMedia%2FDocuments%2FAnnualReports%2F425x00sc399T%21%2FIOR_AnnualReport_E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian.com-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLizzy_Davies2013" class="citation web cs1">Lizzy Davies (31 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/31/vatican-bank-launches-website">"Vatican bank launches a website"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Vatican+bank+launches+a+website&rft.date=2013-07-31&rft.au=Lizzy+Davies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fjul%2F31%2Fvatican-bank-launches-website&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/02/business/international/vatican-bank-publishes-its-first-annual-report.html">"Vatican Bank Publishes Its First Annual Report"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Reuters. 1 October 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Vatican+Bank+Publishes+Its+First+Annual+Report&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F10%2F02%2Fbusiness%2Finternational%2Fvatican-bank-publishes-its-first-annual-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/vatican-bank-idUSL6N0G140720130731">"Vatican bank opens website in transparency drive"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 31 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Vatican+bank+opens+website+in+transparency+drive&rft.date=2013-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fvatican-bank-idUSL6N0G140720130731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2017/06/12/vaticans_ior_publishes_annual_financial_statement/1318558">"Vatican's IOR publishes annual financial statement"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vatican%27s+IOR+publishes+annual+financial+statement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.radiovaticana.va%2Fnews%2F2017%2F06%2F12%2Fvaticans_ior_publishes_annual_financial_statement%2F1318558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSPIEGEL_ONLINE,_Hamburg,_Germany2013" class="citation web cs1">SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg, Germany (9 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/officials-order-clients-to-close-accounts-as-part-of-vatican-bank-cleanup-a-926818.html">"Officials Order Clients to Close Accounts as Part of Vatican Bank Cleanup"</a>. <i>SPIEGEL ONLINE</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SPIEGEL+ONLINE&rft.atitle=Officials+Order+Clients+to+Close+Accounts+as+Part+of+Vatican+Bank+Cleanup&rft.date=2013-10-09&rft.au=SPIEGEL+ONLINE%2C+Hamburg%2C+Germany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fbusiness%2Fofficials-order-clients-to-close-accounts-as-part-of-vatican-bank-cleanup-a-926818.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/ior-ior-ior-30713/">"IOR continues the process of closing down lay clients' bank accounts"</a>. <i>lastampa.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lastampa.it&rft.atitle=IOR+continues+the+process+of+closing+down+lay+clients%27+bank+accounts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvaticaninsider.lastampa.it%2Fen%2Fthe-vatican%2Fdetail%2Farticolo%2Fior-ior-ior-30713%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140705125252/http://hub.coe.int/de/press/newsroom?p_p_id=pressrelease&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-4&p_p_col_count=7&_pressrelease_struts_action=%2Fext%2Fpressrelease%2Fview&_pressrelease_pressreleaseUrl=%252FViewDoc.jsp%253Fid%253D2139169%2526Site%253DCM%2526BackColorInternet%253DC3C3C3%2526BackColorIntranet%253DEDB021%2526BackColorLogged%253DF5D383">"Home – Conseil de l'Europe"</a>. <i>coe.int</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hub.coe.int/de/press/newsroom?p_p_id=pressrelease&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-4&p_p_col_count=7&_pressrelease_struts_action=%2Fext%2Fpressrelease%2Fview&_pressrelease_pressreleaseUrl=%252FViewDoc.jsp%253Fid%253D2139169%2526Site%253DCM%2526BackColorInternet%253DC3C3C3%2526BackColorIntranet%253DEDB021%2526BackColorLogged%253DF5D383">the original</a> on 5 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coe.int&rft.atitle=Home+%E2%80%93+Conseil+de+l%27Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhub.coe.int%2Fde%2Fpress%2Fnewsroom%3Fp_p_id%3Dpressrelease%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dmaximized%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-4%26p_p_col_count%3D7%26_pressrelease_struts_action%3D%252Fext%252Fpressrelease%252Fview%26_pressrelease_pressreleaseUrl%3D%25252FViewDoc.jsp%25253Fid%25253D2139169%252526Site%25253DCM%252526BackColorInternet%25253DC3C3C3%252526BackColorIntranet%25253DEDB021%252526BackColorLogged%25253DF5D383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullella2013" class="citation news cs1">Pullella, Philip (9 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-moneyval-idUSBRE9B810L20131209">"Finance watchdog welcomes Vatican reform, urges bank oversight"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Finance+watchdog+welcomes+Vatican+reform%2C+urges+bank+oversight&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft.aulast=Pullella&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-vatican-moneyval-idUSBRE9B810L20131209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/moneyval-vaticano-vatican-30584/">"Moneyval okays Vatican financial transparency reforms"</a>. <i>lastampa.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lastampa.it&rft.atitle=Moneyval+okays+Vatican+financial+transparency+reforms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvaticaninsider.lastampa.it%2Fen%2Fthe-vatican%2Fdetail%2Farticolo%2Fmoneyval-vaticano-vatican-30584%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ior.va/Portals/0/Content/Media/PressReleases/1_IOR%20Press%20Release_Progress%20Report_Compliance_140122_ENG.pdf">ior.va, 22.01.2014: Press release</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140415003515/http://www.ior.va/Portals/0/Content/Media/PressReleases/1_IOR%20Press%20Release_Progress%20Report_Compliance_140122_ENG.pdf">Archived</a> 15 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2014/01/22/ior_continues_to_progress_toward_greater_transparency_and_compliance/en1-766286">"Vatican Radio"</a>. <i>radiovaticana.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=radiovaticana.va&rft.atitle=Vatican+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.radiovaticana.va%2Fnews%2F2014%2F01%2F22%2Fior_continues_to_progress_toward_greater_transparency_and_compliance%2Fen1-766286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/f0194a9bcfbc4c08aad2876f31754745">"Vatican bank gets pope's blessing to keep going"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. AP. 7 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Vatican+bank+gets+pope%27s+blessing+to+keep+going&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Ff0194a9bcfbc4c08aad2876f31754745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2014/04/07/vatican-bank-gets-pope-blessing-keep-going/02jZBi6wCoW73uLvcF1h2N/story.html">"Vatican bank gets pope's blessing to keep going – The Boston Globe"</a>. <i>BostonGlobe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BostonGlobe.com&rft.atitle=Vatican+bank+gets+pope%27s+blessing+to+keep+going+%E2%80%93+The+Boston+Globe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fbusiness%2F2014%2F04%2F07%2Fvatican-bank-gets-pope-blessing-keep-going%2F02jZBi6wCoW73uLvcF1h2N%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTully2014" class="citation web cs1">Tully, Shawn (14 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2014/08/14/this-pope-means-business/">"This Pope Means Business"</a>. Fortune<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+Pope+Means+Business&rft.pub=Fortune&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2014%2F08%2F14%2Fthis-pope-means-business%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2014/09/16/0637/01418.html">"Comunicato dell'Istituto per le Opere di Religione (IOR)"</a>. <i>vatican.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=Comunicato+dell%27Istituto+per+le+Opere+di+Religione+%28IOR%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fen%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2014%2F09%2F16%2F0637%2F01418.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2016/12/15/new_members_appointed_to_ior_board_of_superintendence/1279319">"New members appointed to IOR Board of Superintendence"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+members+appointed+to+IOR+Board+of+Superintendence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.radiovaticana.va%2Fnews%2F2016%2F12%2F15%2Fnew_members_appointed_to_ior_board_of_superintendence%2F1279319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2023/03/07/230307b.html">"Chirograph of the Holy Father Francis for the new Statutes of the Institute for the Works of Religion"</a>. <i>press.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=press.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Chirograph+of+the+Holy+Father+Francis+for+the+new+Statutes+of+the+Institute+for+the+Works+of+Religion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fen%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2023%2F03%2F07%2F230307b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitute+for+the+Works+of+Religion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>General references</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>John F. Pollard: <i>Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy: Financing the Vatican, 1850–1950</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-81204-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-81204-6">0-521-81204-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Aarons" title="Mark Aarons">Mark Aarons</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Loftus_(military_author)" title="John Loftus (military author)">John Loftus</a>: <i>Unholy Trinity: How the Vatican's Nazi Networks Betrayed Western Intelligence to the Soviets</i>. New York: St.Martin's Press, 1992. 372 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-07111-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-07111-6">0-312-07111-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi_Martin" title="Malachi Martin">Malachi Martin</a>: <i>Rich Church, Poor Church</i> (Putnam, New York, 1984) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-399-12906-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-399-12906-5">0-399-12906-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi_Martin" title="Malachi Martin">Malachi Martin</a>: <i>Vatican</i> (Jove (1 August 1988)) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-515-09654-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-515-09654-5">978-0-515-09654-5</a></li> <li>Charles Raw: <i>The Moneychangers: How the Vatican Bank Enabled Roberto Calvi to Steal 250 Million Dollars for the Heads of the P2 Masonic Lodge</i> (Harvill Press, 1992) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-217338-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-217338-7">0-00-217338-7</a></li> <li>Giancarlo Galli: <i>Finanza bianca. La Chiesa, i soldi, il potere</i> (Mondadori, 2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-04-51262-8" title="Special:BookSources/88-04-51262-8">88-04-51262-8</a></li> <li>David A. Yallop: <i>In God's Name: An Investigation into the Murder of Pope John Paul I</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lombardi" title="Mark Lombardi">Mark Lombardi</a>: Global Networks</i>. Mark Lombardi, Robert Carleton Hobbs, Judith Richards; Independent Curators, 2003 (published for the travelling exhibition of his work, "Mark Lombardi Global Networks"). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-916365-67-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-916365-67-0">0-916365-67-0</a></li> <li>Jonathan Levy, "The Vatican Bank", in Russ Kick (Ed.), <i>Everything You Know is Wrong</i> (Disinformation Press, 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56731-701-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56731-701-4">1-56731-701-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Phayer" title="Michael Phayer">Michael Phayer</a>: <i>Pius XII: The Holocaust and the Cold War</i>, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-25334-930-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-25334-930-9">978-0-25334-930-9</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ior.va/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-pope-francis-turned-around-troubled-vatican-bank/">Hennelly, Robert. "How Pope Francis turned around troubled Vatican bank", CBS Moneywatch, 25 September 2015</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Criticism</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041023044319/http://www.vaticanbankclaims.com/home.html"><i>The Vatican Bank claims</i> website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011201221915/http://www.time.com/time/search/article/0,8599,8505,00.html"><i>The Vatican Pipeline: U.S. intelligence document links $170 million in Nazi gold to the Vatican</i></a>—report on declassified memo in <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, 22 July 1997</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_Curia_of_the_Holy_See" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_Curia_footer" title="Template:Roman Curia footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_Curia_footer" title="Template talk:Roman Curia footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_Curia_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman Curia footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_Curia_of_the_Holy_See" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Secretariat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Secretariat_of_State" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Section for General Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States" title="Section for Relations with States">Section for Relations with States</a></li> <li>Secretary for Pontifical Representations</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Evangelization" title="Dicastery for Evangelization">Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Doctrine of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Service_of_Charity" title="Dicastery for the Service of Charity">Service of Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Dicastery for the Eastern Churches">Oriental Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Bishops" title="Dicastery for Bishops">Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Clergy" title="Dicastery for the Clergy">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" title="Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Laity,_Family_and_Life" title="Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life">Laity, Family and Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity" title="Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity">Christian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Interreligious_Dialogue" title="Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue">Interreligious Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Dicastery for Culture and Education">Culture and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Integral_Human_Development" title="Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development">Integral Human Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Legislative_Texts" title="Dicastery for Legislative Texts">Legislative Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicastery for Communications">Communications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">Tribunals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Economics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for the Economy">Council for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Patrimony_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See">Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See</a></li> <li>Office of the Auditor General</li> <li>Commission for Confidential Matters</li> <li>Committee for Investments</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Papal_Household" title="Prefecture of the Papal Household">Prefecture of the Papal Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Liturgical_Celebrations_of_the_Supreme_Pontiff" title="Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff">Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" title="Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church">Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Office_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Labour Office of the Apostolic See">Labour Office of the Apostolic See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Apostolic Archives">Vatican Apostolic Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Apostolic Library">Vatican Apostolic Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabric_of_Saint_Peter" title="Fabric of Saint Peter">Fabric of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Sacred_Archaeology" title="Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology">Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology</a></li> <li>AVEPRO</li> <li>Supervisory and Financial Information Authority</li> <li>Domus Vaticanae</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Interdicasterial commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Particular Churches</li> <li>Church in Eastern Europe</li> <li>Consecrated Religious</li> <li>Candidates to Sacred Order</li> <li>Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Commissions and committees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Committee_for_International_Eucharistic_Congresses" title="Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses">International Eucharistic Congresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Committee_for_Historical_Sciences" title="Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences">Historical Sciences</a></li> <li>Advocates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Swiss_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Swiss Guards">Swiss Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_Commission_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="Disciplinary Commission of the Roman Curia">Disciplinary</a></li> <li>Financial Security</li> <li>Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion</li> <li>Activities of Public Juridical Persons of the Church in the Healthcare Sector</li> <li>Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Councils, commissions, and offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Evangelization" title="Dicastery for Evangelization">Evangelization</a> <ul><li>International Council for Catechesis</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Doctrine of the Faith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_the_Protection_of_Minors" title="Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors">Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Theological_Commission" title="International Theological Commission">International Theological Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Biblical_Commission" title="Pontifical Biblical Commission">Pontifical Biblical Commission</a></li> <li>College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Bishops" title="Dicastery for Bishops">Bishops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Latin_America" title="Pontifical Commission for Latin America">Pontifical Commission for Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Clergy" title="Dicastery for the Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li>Pontifical Work for Priestly Vocations</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity" title="Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity">Christian Unity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Religious_Relations_with_the_Jews" title="Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews">Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Interreligious_Dialogue" title="Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue">Interreligious Dialogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Religious_Relations_with_Muslims" title="Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims">Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Dicastery for Culture and Education">Culture and Education</a> <ul><li>Pontifical Work for Ecclesiastical Vocations</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicastery for Communications">Communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Publishing_House" title="Vatican Publishing House">Vatican Publishing House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Office_of_the_Holy_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Office of the Holy See">Press Office of the Holy See</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Pontifical academies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Arcadia" title="Pontifical Academy of Arcadia">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsian_Academy" title="Alphonsian Academy">Alphonsian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Ecclesiastical_Academy" title="Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_and_Letters_of_the_Virtuosi_al_Pantheon" title="Pontifical Academy of Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon">Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Theology" title="Pontifical Academy of Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Archaeology" title="Pontifical Academy of Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Martyrs" title="Pontifical Academy of Martyrs">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="Pontifical Academy of Saint Thomas Aquinas">Saint Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Mary" title="Pontifical Academy of Mary">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_for_Life" title="Pontifical Academy for Life">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences">Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_for_Latin" title="Pontifical Academy for Latin">Latin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Papal See of Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Vicar General for the Vatican City State</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar" title="Cardinal Vicar">Vicar General for the Vicariate of Rome</a></li> <li>Auxiliary Bishops of the Vicariate of Rome</li> <li>Prelate Secretary of the Vicariate of Rome</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="History of the Roman Curia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Roman Inquisition</a> (16th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Immensa_Aeterni_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Immensa Aeterni Dei">Immensa Aeterni Dei</a></i> (1588)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI%27s_reform_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="Pope Paul VI's reform of the Roman Curia">Reform by Paul VI</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor_bonus" title="Pastor bonus">Reform by John Paul II</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Reform by Francis</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Formerdicasteries" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Former<br />dicasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Borders" title="Congregation for Borders">Congregation for Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Ceremonies" title="Congregation of Ceremonies">Congregation of Ceremonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Catholic_Education" title="Congregation for Catholic Education">Congregation for Catholic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Sacred Congregation of the Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Vatican_Press" title="Congregation of the Vatican Press">Congregation of the Vatican Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacra_Consulta" title="Sacra Consulta">Sacred Congregation of the <i>Consulta</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Indulgences_and_Sacred_Relics" title="Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics">Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Congregation_of_Rites" title="Sacred Congregation of Rites">Congregation of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Chancery" title="Apostolic Chancery">Apostolic Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Dataria" title="Apostolic Dataria">Apostolic Dataria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Papal_Charities" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Papal Charities">Office of Papal Charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariate_of_Briefs_to_Princes_and_of_Latin_Letters" title="Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters">Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Administration_of_the_Holy_See" title="Special Administration of the Holy See">Special Administration of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_the_Cultural_Heritage_of_the_Church" title="Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church">Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Culture" title="Pontifical Council for Culture">Pontifical Council for Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Promoting_the_New_Evangelization" title="Pontifical Council for Promoting the New Evangelization">New Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Social_Communications" title="Pontifical Council for Social Communications">Pontifical Council for Social Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Family" title="Pontifical Council for the Family">Pontifical Council for the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Laity" title="Pontifical Council for the Laity">Pontifical Council for the Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_Cor_Unum" title="Pontifical Council Cor Unum"><i>Cor Unum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Justice_and_Peace" title="Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace">Justice and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Pastoral_Care_of_Migrants_and_Itinerant_People" title="Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People">Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Pastoral_Care_of_Health_Care_Workers" title="Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers">Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples" title="Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples">Evangelization of Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Promoting_New_Evangelization" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Promoting New Evangelization">New Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Catholic_Education" title="Congregation for Catholic Education">Catholic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Culture" title="Pontifical Council for Culture">Culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vatican_City_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vatican_City_topics" title="Template:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vatican_City_topics" title="Template talk:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vatican_City_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vatican_City_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200;hlist"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">List of sovereigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vicar General for Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#History" title="Vatican City">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_in_the_Vatican" title="Prisoner in the Vatican">Prisoner in the Vatican</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tombs_in_Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica">Papal tombs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_City" title="Leonine City">Leonine City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortile_del_Belvedere" title="Cortile del Belvedere">Cortile del Belvedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_degli_Ungheresi" title="Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi">Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgo_Nuovo_(Rome)" title="Borgo Nuovo (Rome)">Borgo Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgo_Vecchio_(Rome)" title="Borgo Vecchio (Rome)">Borgo Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Scossacavalli" title="Piazza Scossacavalli">Piazza Scossacavalli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vatican_City" title="Geography of Vatican City">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="St._Peter&#039;s_Basilica" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Baldachin" title="St. Peter's Baldachin">St. Peter's Baldachin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Necropolis" title="Vatican Necropolis">Vatican Necropolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_tomb" title="Saint Peter's tomb">Saint Peter's tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extant_papal_tombs" title="List of extant papal tombs">Papal tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Julii" title="Tomb of the Julii">Tomb of the Julii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Grottoes" title="Vatican Grottoes">Vatican Grottoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Royal_Stuarts" title="Monument to the Royal Stuarts">Monument to the Royal Stuarts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoris_Mater_Chapel" title="Redemptoris Mater Chapel">Redemptoris Mater Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgia_Apartments" title="Borgia Apartments">Borgia Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_Hall" title="Clementine Hall">Clementine Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_apartments" title="Papal apartments">Papal apartments</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stufetta_del_cardinal_Bibbiena" title="Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena">Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Paolina" title="Cappella Paolina">Cappella Paolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Rooms" title="Raphael Rooms">Raphael Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccoline_Chapel" title="Niccoline Chapel">Niccoline Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sala_Regia_(Vatican)" title="Sala Regia (Vatican)">Sala Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala_Regia_(Vatican)" title="Scala Regia (Vatican)">Scala Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)">altarpiece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_of_Tears" title="Room of Tears">Room of Tears</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Historical_Museum" title="Vatican Historical Museum">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinacoteca_Vaticana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinacoteca Vaticana">Paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_Modern_and_Contemporary_Art,_Vatican_Museums" title="Collection of Modern and Contemporary Art, Vatican Museums">Modern and Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Pio-Clementino_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Pio-Clementino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Chiaramonti_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Chiaramonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Gregoriano_Etrusco_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Gregoriano Etrusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Gregoriano_Egiziano_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Gregoriano Egiziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Pio_Cristiano" title="Museo Pio Cristiano">Pio Cristiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anima_Mundi,_Vatican_City" title="Anima Mundi, Vatican City">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramante_Staircase" title="Bramante Staircase">Bramante Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Gallery_of_Maps" title="Vatican Gallery of Maps">Maps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Tower" title="Gregorian Tower">Gregorian Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casina_Pio_IV" title="Casina Pio IV">Casina Pio IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anna_dei_Palafrenieri" title="Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri">Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Domus Sanctae Marthae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Holy Spirit Chapel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Vatican_City" title="Gardens of Vatican City">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Piet%C3%A0_in_Camposanto_dei_Teutonici" title="Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici">Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Teutonico" title="Collegio Teutonico">Collegio Teutonico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Cemetery" title="Teutonic Cemetery">Teutonic Cemetery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mater_Ecclesiae_Monastery" title="Mater Ecclesiae Monastery">Mater Ecclesiae Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Egidio_in_Borgo" title="Sant'Egidio in Borgo">Sant'Egidio in Borgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Martino_e_Sebastiano_degli_Svizzeri" title="Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri">Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Audience_Hall" title="Paul VI Audience Hall">Paul VI Audience Hall</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Resurrection_(Fazzini)" title="The Resurrection (Fazzini)">The Resurrection</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passetto_di_Borgo" title="Passetto di Borgo">Passetto di Borgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pellegrino_in_Vaticano" title="San Pellegrino in Vaticano">San Pellegrino in Vaticano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountains_of_St._Peter%27s_Square" title="Fountains of St. Peter's Square">Fountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pellegrino" title="Porta San Pellegrino">Porta San Pellegrino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricciolo_d%27Italia" title="Ricciolo d'Italia">Ricciolo d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Tower_(Vatican_City)" title="Saint John's Tower (Vatican City)">Saint John's Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_degli_Abissini" title="Santo Stefano degli Abissini">Santo Stefano degli Abissini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Pharmacy" title="Vatican Pharmacy">Vatican Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Hill" title="Vatican Hill">Vatican Hill</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vicar General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City" title="Law of Vatican City">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vatican_City" title="Crime in Vatican City">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Law_of_Vatican_City_State" title="Fundamental Law of Vatican City State">Fundamental Law</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City#Executive" title="Politics of Vatican City">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_commission" title="Pontifical commission">Commissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">For Vatican City State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_in_Vatican_City" title="Military in Vatican City">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Corps of Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Firefighters_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State">Corps of Firefighters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vatican_City" title="Economy of Vatican City">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_euro_coins" title="Vatican euro coins">Vatican euro coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Communications" title="Vatican City">Communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.va" title=".va">.va [Internet domain]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poste_Vaticane" title="Poste Vaticane">Poste Vaticane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City">Postage stamps and postal history</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vatican_City" title="Tourism in Vatican City">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vatican_City" title="Transport in Vatican City">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_Heliport" title="Vatican City Heliport">Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Railway" title="Vatican Railway">Rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Culture" title="Vatican City">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Advanced_Technology_Telescope" title="Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope">AT telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Observatory" title="Vatican Observatory">observatory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Vatican_City" title="Architecture of Vatican City">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archives_in_Vatican_City" title="List of archives in Vatican City">Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archive" title="Vatican Apostolic Archive">Apostolic Archive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Climate_Forest" title="Vatican Climate Forest">Climate Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Demographics" title="Vatican City">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vatican_City" title="Languages of Vatican City">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Film_Library" title="Vatican Film Library">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_Choir" title="Sistine Chapel Choir">Sistine Chapel Choir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philatelic_and_Numismatic_Office_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State">Philatelic and Numismatic Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vatican_City" title="Public holidays in Vatican City">Public holidays</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Media" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Vatican_City" title="Category:Mass media in Vatican City">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Information_Service" title="Vatican Information Service">Vatican Information Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News_App" title="Vatican News App">Vatican News App</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Publishing_House" title="Vatican Publishing House">Vatican Publishing House</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope2you" title="Pope2you">Pope2you</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Vatican City">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Anthem" title="Pontifical Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vatican_City" title="Flag of Vatican City">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Amateur_Sports_Association" title="Vatican Amateur Sports Association">Amateur Sports Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_cricket_team" title="Vatican City cricket team">Cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_national_football_team" title="Vatican City national football team">National football team</a> (Men)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_women%27s_national_football_team" title="Vatican City women's national football team">National football team</a> (Women)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Athletics" title="Vatican Athletics">Vatican Athletics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200;hlist"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&params=41.90378_N_12.45669_E_type:landmark_region:VA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°54′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°27′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.90378°N 12.45669°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.90378; 12.45669</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266456#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266456#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266456#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/254355066">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7714667-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92113633">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Istituto per le opere di religione"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2017950847&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/63691">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007324809905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/127976728">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&oldid=1253630928">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&oldid=1253630928</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Banks_of_Vatican_City" title="Category:Banks of Vatican City">Banks of Vatican City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Financial_scandals" title="Category:Financial scandals">Financial scandals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Finance_fraud_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Category:Finance fraud in the Catholic Church">Finance fraud in the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:Articles with Italian-language sources (it)">Articles with Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2024">Use dmy dates from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2024">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2021">Articles needing additional references from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_October_2024" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from October 2024">Vague or ambiguous time from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_not_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates not on Wikidata">Coordinates not on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 October 2024, at 01:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f7b5ccf54-p6bm2","wgBackendResponseTime":136,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.270","walltime":"1.592","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10673,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":342673,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":28965,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":26,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":363850,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1358.343 1 -total"," 35.01% 475.590 2 Template:Reflist"," 21.54% 292.579 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 20.81% 282.621 1 Template:Infobox"," 18.44% 250.418 52 Template:Cite_web"," 9.27% 125.922 1 Template:Vatican_city"," 9.00% 122.263 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.26% 112.245 1 Template:Lang"," 8.00% 108.648 24 Template:Cite_news"," 6.62% 89.886 5 Template:Pn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.766","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18244933,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75c465f4c6-v6k8t","timestamp":"20241125142834","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Institute for the Works of Religion","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q266456","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q266456","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-11-16T00:23:29Z","dateModified":"2024-10-27T01:14:08Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/db\/Vatican_Bank_%2826936018243%29.jpg","headline":"Vatican financial institution"}</script> </body> </html>