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Research and Application of Climate-responsive Design of Traditional Vernacular Houses in Chaoshan, China | Environmental Science & Sustainable Development

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="generator" content="Research and Application of Climate-responsive Design of Traditional Vernacular Houses in Chaoshan, China | Environmental Science & Sustainable Development- Novelty 1.1 by openjournaltheme.com"> <meta name="title" content="Research and Application of Climate-responsive Design of Traditional Vernacular Houses in Chaoshan, China | Environmental Science & Sustainable Development"> <title> Research and Application of Climate-responsive Design of Traditional Vernacular Houses in Chaoshan, China | Environmental Science & Sustainable Development </title> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.3.0.13"> <link rel="schema.DC" href="https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Jinglei Li"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Zhaoji Wu"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Yufeng Zhang"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2022-06-30"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2022-06-29"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2022-06-30"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-07-29"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Chaoshan vernacular house is an important branch of Lingnan traditional houses in South China, with a long architectural history and excellent climate responsiveness to the hot-humid climate. The modern rural houses learn the traditional experiences mainly in the form but fail to inherit the climate-responsive design and wisdom of the traditional houses. This study took the widely distributed Xiashanhu houses in Chaoshan as the object, generated 128 Xishanhu parametric models by combinations of various parameters on design factors of building, opening, shading, construction, and street layout, and investigated the climate-responsive design techniques by using the parametric methods. The results show that the hall width, room width, cornice height, orientation, and wall construction are the key climate-responsive design factors oriented towards thermal performance of Xiashanhu houses. The optimized designs are: the smaller hall width (4.05m，4.32m，4.59m), the smaller room width (2.7m，2.97m，3.24m), the larger cornice height (4.92m，5.1m), the orientation ranged from 30° north by west to 30° north by east, and the brick and concrete wall. The rationality and validity were verified by applying the optimized climate-responsive designs to the re-construction of a new rural house. Compared to the original case, the thermal performance is significantly improved by 5.18-9.98%. A detailed discussion was also provided on considering the actual situation and needs of the modern buildings in the process of &quot;using the past for the present.&quot; This study is believed to provide valuable references for the research and modern applications of climate-responsive designs of traditional vernacular houses. It also contributes to the preservation of architectural and cultural regional characters and the inheritance of architectural climate responsiveness in contemporary times."/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="867"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="47 - 65"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.21625/essd.v7i1.867"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/article/view/867"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Environmental Science &amp; Sustainable Development"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Environmental Science &amp; Sustainable Development"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="2357-0857"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="1"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="7"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Traditional vernacular house"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Xiashanhu house"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="New rural house"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Parametric methods"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Climate-responsive design"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Research and Application of Climate-responsive Design of Traditional Vernacular Houses in Chaoshan, China"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Research Papers"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Environmental Science &amp; Sustainable Development"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="ESSD"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2357-0857"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jinglei Li"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Department of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Zhaoji Wu"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Department of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Yufeng Zhang"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="1State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Department of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Research and Application of Climate-responsive Design of Traditional Vernacular Houses in Chaoshan, China"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2022/06/30"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="7"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="47"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="65"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.21625/essd.v7i1.867"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/article/view/867"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Traditional vernacular house"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Xiashanhu house"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="New rural house"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Parametric methods"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Climate-responsive design"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/article/download/867/655"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Beck, H. 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China Architecture &amp; Building Press."/> <meta name="noveltythemeplugin33" content="Novelty Theme by openjournaltheme.com 🎓 Version 3.1.5.10 by openjournaltheme.com"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/gateway/plugin/AnnouncementFeedGatewayPlugin/atom"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/gateway/plugin/AnnouncementFeedGatewayPlugin/rss"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/gateway/plugin/AnnouncementFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/atom"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2"> <meta name="ojtcontrolpanel" content="OJT Control Panel Version 2.0.8.2 by openjournaltheme.com"> <meta name="description" content="Chaoshan vernacular house is an important branch of Lingnan traditional houses in South China, with a long architectural history and excellent climate responsiveness to the hot-humid climate. The modern rural houses learn the traditional experiences mainly in the form but fail to inherit the climate-responsive design and wisdom of the traditional houses. This study took the widely distributed Xiashanhu houses in Chaoshan as the object, generated 128 Xishanhu parametric models by combinations of various parameters on design factors of building, opening, shading, construction, and street layout, and investigated the climate-responsive design techniques by using the parametric methods. The results show that the hall width, room width, cornice height, orientation, and wall construction are the key climate-responsive design factors oriented towards thermal performance of Xiashanhu houses. The optimized designs are: the smaller hall width (4.05m，4.32m，4.59m), the smaller room width (2.7m，2.97m，3.24m), the larger cornice height (4.92m，5.1m), the orientation ranged from 30° north by west to 30° north by east, and the brick and concrete wall. The rationality and validity were verified by applying the optimized climate-responsive designs to the re-construction of a new rural house. Compared to the original case, the thermal performance is significantly improved by 5.18-9.98%. A detailed discussion was also provided on considering the actual situation and needs of the modern buildings in the process of &quot;using the past for the present.&quot; This study is believed to provide valuable references for the research and modern applications of climate-responsive designs of traditional vernacular houses. It also contributes to the preservation of architectural and cultural regional characters and the inheritance of architectural climate responsiveness in contemporary times."> <meta name="og:description" content="Chaoshan vernacular house is an important branch of Lingnan traditional houses in South China, with a long architectural history and excellent climate responsiveness to the hot-humid climate. The modern rural houses learn the traditional experiences mainly in the form but fail to inherit the climate-responsive design and wisdom of the traditional houses. This study took the widely distributed Xiashanhu houses in Chaoshan as the object, generated 128 Xishanhu parametric models by combinations of various parameters on design factors of building, opening, shading, construction, and street layout, and investigated the climate-responsive design techniques by using the parametric methods. The results show that the hall width, room width, cornice height, orientation, and wall construction are the key climate-responsive design factors oriented towards thermal performance of Xiashanhu houses. The optimized designs are: the smaller hall width (4.05m，4.32m，4.59m), the smaller room width (2.7m，2.97m，3.24m), the larger cornice height (4.92m，5.1m), the orientation ranged from 30° north by west to 30° north by east, and the brick and concrete wall. The rationality and validity were verified by applying the optimized climate-responsive designs to the re-construction of a new rural house. Compared to the original case, the thermal performance is significantly improved by 5.18-9.98%. A detailed discussion was also provided on considering the actual situation and needs of the modern buildings in the process of &quot;using the past for the present.&quot; This study is believed to provide valuable references for the research and modern applications of climate-responsive designs of traditional vernacular houses. It also contributes to the preservation of architectural and cultural regional characters and the inheritance of architectural climate responsiveness in contemporary times."> <meta name="copyright" content="Environmental Science & Sustainable Development - " /> <meta name="keywords" content="Traditional vernacular house,Xiashanhu house,New rural house,Parametric methods,Climate-responsive design"> <!-- Open Graph / Facebook --> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/article/view/867"> <meta property="og:title" content="Research and Application of Climate-responsive Design of Traditional Vernacular Houses in Chaoshan, China"> <meta property="og:description" content="Chaoshan vernacular house is an important branch of Lingnan traditional houses in South China, with a long architectural history and excellent climate responsiveness to the hot-humid climate. The modern rural houses learn the traditional experiences mainly in the form but fail to inherit the climate-responsive design and wisdom of the traditional houses. This study took the widely distributed Xiashanhu houses in Chaoshan as the object, generated 128 Xishanhu parametric models by combinations of various parameters on design factors of building, opening, shading, construction, and street layout, and investigated the climate-responsive design techniques by using the parametric methods. The results show that the hall width, room width, cornice height, orientation, and wall construction are the key climate-responsive design factors oriented towards thermal performance of Xiashanhu houses. The optimized designs are: the smaller hall width (4.05m，4.32m，4.59m), the smaller room width (2.7m，2.97m，3.24m), the larger cornice height (4.92m，5.1m), the orientation ranged from 30° north by west to 30° north by east, and the brick and concrete wall. The rationality and validity were verified by applying the optimized climate-responsive designs to the re-construction of a new rural house. Compared to the original case, the thermal performance is significantly improved by 5.18-9.98%. A detailed discussion was also provided on considering the actual situation and needs of the modern buildings in the process of "using the past for the present." This study is believed to provide valuable references for the research and modern applications of climate-responsive designs of traditional vernacular houses. It also contributes to the preservation of architectural and cultural regional characters and the inheritance of architectural climate responsiveness in contemporary times."> <!-- Twitter --> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta property="twitter:url" content="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/article/view/867"> <meta property="twitter:title" content="Research and Application of Climate-responsive Design of Traditional Vernacular Houses in Chaoshan, China"> <meta property="twitter:description" content="Chaoshan vernacular house is an important branch of Lingnan traditional houses in South China, with a long architectural history and excellent climate responsiveness to the hot-humid climate. The modern rural houses learn the traditional experiences mainly in the form but fail to inherit the climate-responsive design and wisdom of the traditional houses. This study took the widely distributed Xiashanhu houses in Chaoshan as the object, generated 128 Xishanhu parametric models by combinations of various parameters on design factors of building, opening, shading, construction, and street layout, and investigated the climate-responsive design techniques by using the parametric methods. The results show that the hall width, room width, cornice height, orientation, and wall construction are the key climate-responsive design factors oriented towards thermal performance of Xiashanhu houses. The optimized designs are: the smaller hall width (4.05m，4.32m，4.59m), the smaller room width (2.7m，2.97m，3.24m), the larger cornice height (4.92m，5.1m), the orientation ranged from 30° north by west to 30° north by east, and the brick and concrete wall. The rationality and validity were verified by applying the optimized climate-responsive designs to the re-construction of a new rural house. Compared to the original case, the thermal performance is significantly improved by 5.18-9.98%. A detailed discussion was also provided on considering the actual situation and needs of the modern buildings in the process of "using the past for the present." This study is believed to provide valuable references for the research and modern applications of climate-responsive designs of traditional vernacular houses. 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.pkp_structure_head --> <div class="pkp_structure_content container"> <main class="pkp_structure_main col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-md-9" role="main"> <nav class="cmp_breadcrumbs" role="navigation" aria-label="You are here:"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li> <a href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/index"> Home </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/issue/archive"> Archives </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/issue/view/53"> Vol. 7 Issue 1 (2022): Environmental Resiliency: Prioritizing Health &amp; Well Being in Cities </a> </li> <li class="active"> </li> </ol> </nav> <div class="page page_article"> <article class="article-details" data-article-id="867"> <header> <div class="row article_title pb-3 animatedParent animateOnce" data-sequence='300'> <div class="col-12 col-md-9"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h1 class="page-header animated fadeInUp slow" data-id='2'> Research and Application of Climate-responsive Design of Traditional Vernacular Houses in Chaoshan, China </h1> </div> <div class="author_section col-md-12 mt-2"> <div class="item"> <span class="author my-4"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-o" style="color: #84b9f5" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="736088931@qq.com"> </i> Jinglei Li <sup>(1)</sup><span>,</span> </span> <span class="author my-4"> Zhaoji Wu <sup>(2)</sup><span>,</span> </span> <span class="author my-4"> Yufeng Zhang <sup>(3)</sup> </span> </div> <div class="item mt-2" style="font-style: italic; font-size:0.8em; color:#6e6e6e;"> <div> (1) <span class="author-affiliation" data-author-id="1352">State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Department of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China</span><span class="author-affiliation-last-comma" data-author-id="1352">,</span> </div> <div> (2) <span class="author-affiliation" data-author-id="1353">State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Department of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China</span><span class="author-affiliation-last-comma" data-author-id="1353">,</span> </div> <div> (3) <span class="author-affiliation" data-author-id="1354">1State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Department of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="doi_dimension col-md-12 my-2"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="doi"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.21625/essd.v7i1.867"> https://doi.org/10.21625/essd.v7i1.867 </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-12"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__ pull-lg-right" data-doi="10.21625/essd.v7i1.867" data-style="large_rectangle"></span> </div> </div> <div class="crossmark"> <!-- Start Crossmark Snippet v2.0 --> <a href="#" class="crossmark_button ml-auto" data-target="crossmark"> <img src="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/logos/CROSSMARK_Color_horizontal.svg" width="150" /> </a> <!-- End Crossmark Snippet --> </div> <script async src="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/widget.js"></script> </div> </header> <div class="row article_content"> <section class="article-sidebar col-md-12"> <h2 class="sr-only">Article Sidebar</h2> <div class="list-group col-md-12 pr-0"> <div class="row mb-4"> <div class="issue_identification col-md-6"> <strong>Issue</strong></br> <a class="title" href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/issue/view/53"> Vol. 7 Issue 1 (2022): Environmental Resiliency: Prioritizing Health &amp; Well Being in Cities </a> </div> <div class="col-md-6 date-list pr-0 py-4"> <div class="detail col-md-6 col-xs-6 "> <strong>Submitted</strong> </br> <span class="date">June 29, 2022</span> </div> <div class="detail col-md-6 col-xs-6 pull-right"> <strong>Published</strong></br> <span class="date">June 30, 2022</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="keywords pt-4 pt-md-0"> <strong> Keywords:</strong> <div class="item"> <ul class="value mb-4 pt-2 pb-4 pt-md-0 pb-md-0 mb-md-0 pl-0"> Traditional vernacular house, Xiashanhu house, New rural house, Parametric methods, Climate-responsive design </ul> </div> </div> <div class="download col-md-12 col-xs-12 pl-0"> <a class="galley-link btn btn-primary pdf" href="https://press.ierek.com/index.php/ESSD/article/view/867/655"> PDF </a> </div> </div> </section><!-- .article-sidebar --> <div class="row tabbed_section"> <div class="col-md-12 article_content"> <div class="tabbable-panel px-4 mx-2"> <div class="tabbable-line"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs "> <li class="active"> <a href="#abstract" data-toggle="tab"> <svg class="icon line-color" width="18" height="18" id="folder-alt" data-name="line color" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path id="primary" d="M3,20V5A1,1,0,0,1,4,4H8a1,1,0,0,1,.71.29l2.41,2.42a1,1,0,0,0,.71.29H17a1,1,0,0,1,1,1v3" style="fill: none; stroke: rgb(101, 45, 144); stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.5;"> </path> <polygon id="secondary" points="18 20 21 11 7 11 3 20 18 20" style="fill: none; stroke: rgb(246, 146, 30); stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.5;"> </polygon> </svg> Abstract </a> </li> <li> <a href="#authors" data-toggle="tab"> <i class="fa fa-user"></i> Authors </a> </li> <li> <a href="#citation" data-toggle="tab"> <svg class="icon line-color" width="18" height="18" id="create-note" data-name="Line color" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path id="secondary" d="M10.17,11l6.88-6.88A2.09,2.09,0,0,1,20,4h0a2.09,2.09,0,0,1-.12,3L13,13.83M10.17,11,9,15l4-1.17" style="fill: none; stroke: rgb(246, 146, 30); stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.5;"> </path> <path id="primary" d="M12,3H4A1,1,0,0,0,3,4V20a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H20a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V12" style="fill: none; stroke: rgb(101, 45, 144); stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.5;"> </path> </svg> How to Cite </a> </li> <li> <a href="#licensing" data-toggle="tab"> <svg class="icon line-color" width="18" height="18" id="link-alt2" data-name="Line color" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path id="primary" d="M14.5,9.5a3.54,3.54,0,0,1,0,5l-5,5a3.54,3.54,0,0,1-5,0h0a3.54,3.54,0,0,1,0-5" style="fill: none; stroke: rgb(101, 45, 144); stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.5;"> </path> <path id="secondary" d="M19.5,9.5a3.54,3.54,0,0,0,0-5h0a3.54,3.54,0,0,0-5,0l-5,5a3.54,3.54,0,0,0,0,5h0" style="fill: none; stroke: rgb(246, 146, 30); stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.5;"> </path> </svg> License </a> </li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane fade in active" id="abstract"> <div class="article-summary animatedParent" id="summary"> <h2 class="animated fadeIn">Abstract</h2> <div class="article-abstract"> Chaoshan vernacular house is an important branch of Lingnan traditional houses in South China, with a long architectural history and excellent climate responsiveness to the hot-humid climate. The modern rural houses learn the traditional experiences mainly in the form but fail to inherit the climate-responsive design and wisdom of the traditional houses. This study took the widely distributed Xiashanhu houses in Chaoshan as the object, generated 128 Xishanhu parametric models by combinations of various parameters on design factors of building, opening, shading, construction, and street layout, and investigated the climate-responsive design techniques by using the parametric methods. The results show that the hall width, room width, cornice height, orientation, and wall construction are the key climate-responsive design factors oriented towards thermal performance of Xiashanhu houses. The optimized designs are: the smaller hall width (4.05m，4.32m，4.59m), the smaller room width (2.7m，2.97m，3.24m), the larger cornice height (4.92m，5.1m), the orientation ranged from 30° north by west to 30° north by east, and the brick and concrete wall. The rationality and validity were verified by applying the optimized climate-responsive designs to the re-construction of a new rural house. Compared to the original case, the thermal performance is significantly improved by 5.18-9.98%. A detailed discussion was also provided on considering the actual situation and needs of the modern buildings in the process of "using the past for the present." This study is believed to provide valuable references for the research and modern applications of climate-responsive designs of traditional vernacular houses. It also contributes to the preservation of architectural and cultural regional characters and the inheritance of architectural climate responsiveness in contemporary times. </div> </div> <div class="XML_generated"> <div class="xml_description row "> <div class="col-md-6"> <h2 class="full_articles"> Full text article</h2> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <small class="pull-right">Generated from XML file </small> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="article-references mt-4 pt-2 animatedParent"> <h2 class="animated fadeIn slow">References</h2> <div class="article-references-content"> <p>Beck, H. E., Zimmermann, N. E., McVicar, T. R., Vergopolan, N., Berg, A., &amp; Wood, E. F. (2018). Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Scientific data, 5(1), 1-12. </p> <p>China Meteorological Data Network - WeatherBk Data. (2020). China Meteorological Administration. </p> <p>Givoni, B. (1969). Man, climate and architecture. 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China Architecture &amp; Building Press. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="authors"> <h2 class="">Authors</h2> <div class="authors"> <div class="author my-4"> <strong>Jinglei Li</strong> <div class="article-author-affilitation"> State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Department of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China </div> <div class="primary_contact"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-o"> </i> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0f383c393f3737363c3e4f7e7e216c6062">[email&#160;protected]</a> (Primary Contact) </div> </div> <div class="author my-4"> <strong>Zhaoji Wu</strong> <div class="article-author-affilitation"> State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Department of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China </div> </div> <div class="author my-4"> <strong>Yufeng Zhang</strong> <div class="article-author-affilitation"> 1State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Department of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="citation"> <div class="panel panel-default how-to-cite"> <div class="panel-body"> <div id="citationOutput" role="region" aria-live="polite"> <div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry">Li, J., Wu, Z., &#38; Zhang, Y. 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