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id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Les Ulis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="ليز أوليس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليز أوليس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لزولی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لزولی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%B6_%CE%A5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%82" title="Λεζ Υλίς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λεζ Υλίς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لزولی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لزولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="레윌리스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레윌리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%96_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1" title="לז אוליס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לז אוליס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лез-Юлис – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лез-Юлис" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="ليز اوليس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليز اوليس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لزولی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لزولی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9" title="レ・ジュリス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レ・ジュリス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%A3%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лез-Уьлис – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лез-Уьлис" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лез-Юлис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лез-Юлис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Лез Или – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лез Или" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лез-Юлис – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лез-Юлис" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="เลซูว์ลิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลซูว์ลิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Лез-Юліс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лез-Юліс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ulis" title="Les Ulis – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Les Ulis" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo 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the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Commune in Île-de-France, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ulis" redirects here. For the American basketball player, see <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Ulis" title="Tyler Ulis">Tyler Ulis</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Les_Ulis" title="Special:EditPage/Les Ulis">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Les+Ulis%22">"Les Ulis"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Les+Ulis%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Les+Ulis%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Les+Ulis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Les+Ulis%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Les+Ulis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Commune in Île-de-France, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Les Ulis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">Commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Ulis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Housing projects"><img alt="Housing projects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Les_Ulis.jpg/270px-Les_Ulis.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Les_Ulis.jpg/405px-Les_Ulis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Les_Ulis.jpg/540px-Les_Ulis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Housing projects</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Les_Ulis_(Essonne).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Les Ulis"><img alt="Coat of arms of Les Ulis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blason_ville_fr_Les_Ulis_%28Essonne%29.svg/73px-Blason_ville_fr_Les_Ulis_%28Essonne%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blason_ville_fr_Les_Ulis_%28Essonne%29.svg/109px-Blason_ville_fr_Les_Ulis_%28Essonne%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blason_ville_fr_Les_Ulis_%28Essonne%29.svg/145px-Blason_ville_fr_Les_Ulis_%28Essonne%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Les-Ulis_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs"><img alt="Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Les-Ulis_map.png/270px-Les-Ulis_map.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Les-Ulis_map.png/405px-Les-Ulis_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Les-Ulis_map.png/540px-Les-Ulis_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="955" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Les Ulis</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_e72861d8f50928ba111d5c7155fb79f2e4017a69"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Les_Ulis&revid=1263324696&groups=_e72861d8f50928ba111d5c7155fb79f2e4017a69" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Les_Ulis&revid=1263324696&groups=_e72861d8f50928ba111d5c7155fb79f2e4017a69 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Les Ulis is located in France"><img alt="Les Ulis is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.836%;left:50.442%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Les Ulis"><img alt="Les Ulis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Les Ulis</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Les Ulis is located in Île-de-France (region)"><img alt="Les Ulis is located in Île-de-France (region)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg/270px-Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg/405px-Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg/540px-Ile-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="1334" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.4%;left:35.324%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Les Ulis"><img alt="Les Ulis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Les Ulis</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Île-de-France (region)</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Les_Ulis&params=48.6822_N_2.1698_E_type:city(25633)_region:FR-IDF"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°40′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°10′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.6822°N 2.1698°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.6822; 2.1698</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Palaiseau" title="Arrondissement of Palaiseau">Palaiseau</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Les_Ulis" title="Canton of Les Ulis">Les Ulis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_Paris-Saclay" title="Communauté d'agglomération Paris-Saclay">CA Paris-Saclay</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Clovis Cassan<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5.18 km<sup>2</sup> (2.00 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popref2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">25,633</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,900/km<sup>2</sup> (13,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-91692">91692</a> /91940</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">87–170 m (285–558 ft) <br />(avg. 155 m or 509 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Les Ulis</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[lez‿ylis]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/03\/Fr-Paris--Les_Ulis.ogg\/Fr-Paris--Les_Ulis.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-Paris--Les Ulis.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Fr-Paris--Les_Ulis.ogg/Fr-Paris--Les_Ulis.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-Paris--Les_Ulis.ogg" title="File:Fr-Paris--Les Ulis.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> located in the southwestern suburbs (<a href="/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue">banlieue</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. It is 23 km (14 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/Kilometre_Zero" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometre Zero">centre of Paris</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les Ulis is a <a href="/wiki/New_town" class="mw-redirect" title="New town">new town</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>, in the south-west of the Parisian agglomeration and in the north-west of the <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a> department. It sits on the Courtabœuf plateau which dominates the <a href="/wiki/Yvette_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvette River">Yvette</a> valley, also known as the Chevreuse valley. It is 23 <a href="/wiki/Kilometers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometers">km</a> to the south-west of central Paris, 20 km north-west of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry,_Essonne" title="Évry, Essonne">Évry</a> and 14 km to the south-east of <a href="/wiki/Versailles_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles (city)">Versailles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is laid out in the form of a U, approximately three <a href="/wiki/Kilometres" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometres">kilometres</a> by two kilometres, and covers 680 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a>. Over 65% of the area is built-up, 17% is semi-rural and 16% is either rural or comprises communal green space.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French <a href="/wiki/Institut_G%C3%A9ographique_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut Géographique National">Institut Géographique National</a> gives the co-ordinates of the town as 48°40'56" N and 02°10'03" E at the central point. </p><p>The source of the minor river <a href="/wiki/Rouillon" title="Rouillon">Rouillon (river)</a> is in the neighbouring town of <a href="/wiki/Villejust" title="Villejust">Villejust</a>, close to the communal border. The lowest point of the town, at the point where it meets <a href="/wiki/Bures-sur-Yvette" title="Bures-sur-Yvette">Bures-sur-Yvette</a>, is at an altitude of 87<a href="/wiki/Metres" class="mw-redirect" title="Metres">m</a>. Most of the town is situated at an average altitude of over 150m. Its highest point is at 170m. The land on which it is built consists of <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millstone" title="Millstone">millstone</a>. </p><p>The town is divided into distinct neighbourhoods by the main roads running through it. To the east is a large industrial zone. To the west is the residential area, a large part of which consists of 33 <a href="/wiki/HLM" title="HLM">HLM</a> tower blocks, grouped into four neighbourhoods. </p><p>The town was conceived and built in the 1970s according to the precepts of <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a> by architects Robert Camelot, François Prieur and <a href="/wiki/Georges-Henri_Pingusson" title="Georges-Henri Pingusson">Georges-Henri Pingusson</a>. Its tower blocks are raised on slabs so that they are accessed above street level by means of pedestrian walkways. The town incorporates a large urban park, to the north. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Line B of the <a href="/wiki/RER_B" title="RER B">RER</a> runs through the Chevreuse and local bus services give access to the train stations at <a href="/wiki/Orsay" title="Orsay">Orsay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bures-sur-Yvette" title="Bures-sur-Yvette">Bures-sur-Yvette</a>. </p><p>Les Ulis finds itself at a significant meeting point of motorways. The most significant of these, the <a href="/wiki/Route_nationale_118" title="Route nationale 118">route nationale 118</a>, meets the <a href="/wiki/Route_nationale_104" class="mw-redirect" title="Route nationale 104">route nationale 104</a> at an <a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">interchange</a> on the communal border with the town of <a href="/wiki/Marcoussis" title="Marcoussis">Marcoussis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Les_Ulis" title="Special:EditPage/Les Ulis">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LesUlisCassini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/LesUlisCassini.jpg/220px-LesUlisCassini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/LesUlisCassini.jpg/330px-LesUlisCassini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/LesUlisCassini.jpg/440px-LesUlisCassini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>17th century map of the area now occupied by Les Ulis.</figcaption></figure> <p>The discovery in 1977 of <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> tools in the neighbouring town of <a href="/wiki/Villejust" title="Villejust">Villejust</a> suggests the possibility of pre-historic human occupation of the area that is today Les Ulis. During the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman era</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villa_rustica" title="Villa rustica">villas rustica</a> occupied the Courtabœuf plateau. One, the "Villa Bona" gives its name to nearby <a href="/wiki/Villebon-sur-Yvette" title="Villebon-sur-Yvette">Villebon-sur-Yvette</a>. A number were constructed by a property owner named <i>Uslo</i>, whose name might conceivably be connected to that of Les Ulis. It is also possible that the name is related to the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <i>usler</i>, meaning to raze by fire. The area was at one time wooded, but was cleared during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. </p><p>The name "Ullys" is first recorded as that of a feudal <a href="/wiki/Fee_(feudal_tenure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fee (feudal tenure)">fee</a> in a monastic inventory of 1382. In 1712, this land is recorded as belonging to Charles Boucher, an important Parisian civil servant. In 1767, it was transferred to Count <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaspard_Marie_Grimod_d%27Orsay" title="Pierre Gaspard Marie Grimod d'Orsay">Pierre Gaspard Marie Grimod d'Orsay</a>. </p><p>A significant farm of 160 hectares, the Grand Vivier, occupied much of the land. It raised cattle and sheep and cultivated wheat, potato, strawberry and beet. There was also a distillery on the land. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ligne_de_Sceaux" title="Ligne de Sceaux">Ligne de Sceaux</a> railway opened in 1867, passing just to the west of the present-day town. </p><p>The development of the Courtabœuf industrial park was decided on in 1960, accompanied on 30 November that year by a decision to create a priority development zone for ten thousand homes to sit alongside it. 265 hectares of land comprising four farms, previously belonging to the communes of <a href="/wiki/Bures-sur-Yvette" title="Bures-sur-Yvette">Bures-sur-Yvette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orsay" title="Orsay">Orsay</a>, were set aside for this housing project. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LesUlis1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LesUlis1977.jpg/220px-LesUlis1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LesUlis1977.jpg/330px-LesUlis1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LesUlis1977.jpg/440px-LesUlis1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Les Ulis as a building site, 1977.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 13 March 1964, an urban district of Bures-Orsay was established to oversee the development of the area. Road and utilities for the industrial zone were completed by July 1966, with the first business, AtoChem (part of what is now <a href="/wiki/Total_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Total S.A.">Total S.A.</a>), moving in the following year. <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> created its French headquarters in the industrial zone in 1968. In the same year, the first residents moved into Les Ulis, although running water was not yet available in all homes. </p><p>The first municipal council for Les Ulis was elected in 1971. In 1973, a shopping centre, <i>Ulis 2</i>, was opened under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/Carrefour" title="Carrefour">Carrefour</a>. </p><p>A census of 1975 records 20,283 people living in Les Ulis. Because this was significantly greater than the populations of both Bures-sur-Yvette and Orsay, which shared administrative responsibility for the town, a local <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a> was held on 14 March 1976 to decide between three propositions: maintaining the status quo; creating a new commune comprising the three towns; creating a new commune for Les Ulis. Just over 50% of voters in Orsay and Bures-sur-Yvette favoured the last option, whereas a majority in Les Ulis favoured a commune comprising the three towns. Both municipal councils voted in favour of the creation of a new commune for Les Ulis. The <a href="/wiki/Prefect_(France)" title="Prefect (France)">Prefect</a> of <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>, Paul Cousserand, created Les Ulis as the 196th commune of the department on 17 February 1977. </p><p>In March 1977, Paul Lorident was elected mayor of Les Ulis, whilst the town remained in construction. He oversaw the building of a town hall, a market, a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_library" title="Hybrid library">hybrid library</a> and a cultural centre, named after the writer <a href="/wiki/Boris_Vian" title="Boris Vian">Boris Vian</a>. </p><p>In 1982, the population of Les Ulis was 28,223. In 1985, it became a <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">canton</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inhabitants of Les Ulis are known as <i>Ulissiens</i>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><div class="thumb tright" style="clear:none"><div class="thumbinner"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,316</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,256</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.83%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,197</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,785</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">24,528</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.62%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,783</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.21%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,208</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.34%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: INSEE<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Retired football player <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Henry" title="Thierry Henry">Thierry Henry</a>, who played for the <a href="/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France national team</a>, was born and raised in Les Ulis.</li> <li>Manchester United football player <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Martial" title="Anthony Martial">Anthony Martial</a> grew up in Les Ulis and played for the local football team <a href="/wiki/CO_Les_Ulis" title="CO Les Ulis">CO Les Ulis</a> as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Football player <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Evra" title="Patrice Evra">Patrice Evra</a>, who played for the <a href="/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France national team</a>, was raised in Les Ulis.</li> <li>The former spokesman of the ecological French party, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Pocrain" title="Stéphane Pocrain">Stéphane Pocrain</a>, was raised in Les Ulis and was almost elected for the town's <a href="/wiki/Constituency_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency (France)">constituency</a> (with the other towns of <a href="/wiki/Gif-sur-Yvette" title="Gif-sur-Yvette">Gif-sur-Yvette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orsay" title="Orsay">Orsay</a> etc...) in 2002.</li> <li>supermodel <a href="/wiki/No%C3%A9mie_Lenoir" title="Noémie Lenoir">Noémie Lenoir</a> was born in Les Ulis before her family moved to a very quiet life first in <a href="/wiki/Gif-sur-Yvette" title="Gif-sur-Yvette">Gif-sur-Yvette</a> and then in <a href="/wiki/Versailles_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles (city)">Versailles</a> where she was discovered and started her career in modeling.</li> <li>writer <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lapeyre" title="Patrick Lapeyre">Patrick Lapeyre</a> (author of the award-winning <i>L'homme-sœur</i>) is a teacher in Les Ulis' high school (Lycée de l'Essouriau).</li> <li>Rapper <a href="/wiki/Sinik" title="Sinik">Sinik</a>, was born central <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, moved to Les Ulis at age four.</li> <li>Rapper <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raprnb.com/artiste/gambino-lamg/">Gambino LaMG</a> was born and raised in Les Ulis.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Bayiha_N%27Djema" title="Gilbert Bayiha N'Djema">Gilbert Bayiha N'Djema</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Dingome" class="mw-redirect" title="Tristan Dingome">Tristan Dingome</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Marega" title="Moussa Marega">Moussa Marega</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdoulaye_Cissoko" title="Abdoulaye Cissoko">Abdoulaye Cissoko</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Vigier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrice Vigier (page does not exist)">Patrice Vigier</a>, self-taught luthier and founder of <a href="/wiki/Vigier_Guitars" title="Vigier Guitars">Vigier Guitars</a>, was originally from Les Ulis.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The biggest industrial area (<a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_economic_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector of economic activity">tertiary</a>) in Europe<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is concentrated in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_d%27Activit%C3%A9_de_Courtab%C5%93uf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc d'Activité de Courtabœuf (page does not exist)">Parc d'Activité de Courtabœuf</a> (area: 378 ha) with more than 1,000 companies employing 24,500 people. This area is spread over three communes: Les Ulis (mainly), <a href="/wiki/Villebon-sur-Yvette" title="Villebon-sur-Yvette">Villebon-sur-Yvette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villejust" title="Villejust">Villejust</a>. Many companies such as <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> have their French head offices in this area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>Les Ulis is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Naumburg" title="Naumburg">Naumburg</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1t%C3%A3o" title="Sátão">Sátão</a>, Portugal</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9dhiou" title="Sédhiou">Sédhiou</a>, Senegal</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thetford" title="Thetford">Thetford</a>, England, United Kingdom</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Essonne_department" title="Communes of the Essonne department">Communes of the Essonne department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CO_Les_Ulis" title="CO Les Ulis">CO Les Ulis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a>. <i>data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises</i> (in French). 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Ulis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popref2022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8288323?geo=COM-91692">"Populations de référence 2022"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 19 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+de+r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence+2022&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F8288323%3Fgeo%3DCOM-91692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Ulis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425163044/http://sigr.iau-idf.fr/webapps/cartes/ficomos/classes/FicoMos.php?fct=mapping&target=mos_2008_11_none&idx=878">"IAU - Occupation du sol simplifiÃ©e en 2008"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sigr.iau-idf.fr/webapps/cartes/ficomos/classes/FicoMos.php?fct=mapping&target=mos_2008_11_none&idx=878">the original</a> on 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IAU+-+Occupation+du+sol+simplifi%C3%83%C2%A9e+en+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsigr.iau-idf.fr%2Fwebapps%2Fcartes%2Fficomos%2Fclasses%2FFicoMos.php%3Ffct%3Dmapping%26target%3Dmos_2008_11_none%26idx%3D878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Ulis" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved 1 November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-91692#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34534193">"Anthony Martial: The making of Manchester United's star"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Anthony+Martial%3A+The+making+of+Manchester+United%27s+star&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2F0%2Ffootball%2F34534193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Ulis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vigierpro.com/?page_id=1189/">"Notre Histoire - Vigier Guitars"</a>. <i>vigierpro.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vigierpro.com&rft.atitle=Notre+Histoire+-+Vigier+Guitars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vigierpro.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D1189%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Ulis" class="Z3988"></span> [Site no longer accessible to general public and page not archived in Wayback Machine, but relevant information still returned in Google search-results snippet.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Courtabœuf history <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courtaboeuf.fr/fr/histoire_du_parc.html">Official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120723105524/http://www.courtaboeuf.fr/fr/histoire_du_parc.html">Archived</a> 23 July 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesulis.fr/921/jumelages.htm">"Jumelages"</a>. <i>lesulis.fr</i> (in French). Les Ulis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lesulis.fr&rft.atitle=Jumelages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesulis.fr%2F921%2Fjumelages.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Ulis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Ulis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x18px_Communes_in_the_Paris_metropolitan_area253" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paris_Metropolitan_Area" title="Template:Paris Metropolitan Area"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paris_Metropolitan_Area" title="Template talk:Paris Metropolitan Area"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paris_Metropolitan_Area" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paris Metropolitan Area"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x18px_Communes_in_the_Paris_metropolitan_area253" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris-metropolitan-area-symbol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Paris-metropolitan-area-symbol.png/14px-Paris-metropolitan-area-symbol.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Paris-metropolitan-area-symbol.png/21px-Paris-metropolitan-area-symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Paris-metropolitan-area-symbol.png/29px-Paris-metropolitan-area-symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="50" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">Communes</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris metropolitan area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Population over 2 million</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Population over 100,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Population over 75,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res-sur-Seine" title="Asnières-sur-Seine">Asnières-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubervilliers" title="Aubervilliers">Aubervilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulnay-sous-Bois" title="Aulnay-sous-Bois">Aulnay-sous-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champigny-sur-Marne" title="Champigny-sur-Marne">Champigny-sur-Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombes" title="Colombes">Colombes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courbevoie" title="Courbevoie">Courbevoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rueil-Malmaison" title="Rueil-Malmaison">Rueil-Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitry-sur-Seine" title="Vitry-sur-Seine">Vitry-sur-Seine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Population over 50,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antony,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Antony, Hauts-de-Seine">Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Blanc-Mesnil" title="Le Blanc-Mesnil">Le Blanc-Mesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondy" title="Bondy">Bondy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cergy" title="Cergy">Cergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelles,_Seine-et-Marne" title="Chelles, Seine-et-Marne">Chelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamart" title="Clamart">Clamart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clichy,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine">Clichy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbeil-Essonnes" title="Corbeil-Essonnes">Corbeil-Essonnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drancy" title="Drancy">Drancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinay-sur-Seine" title="Épinay-sur-Seine">Épinay-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenay-sous-Bois" title="Fontenay-sous-Bois">Fontenay-sous-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issy-les-Moulineaux" title="Issy-les-Moulineaux">Issy-les-Moulineaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivry-sur-Seine" title="Ivry-sur-Seine">Ivry-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois-Perret" title="Levallois-Perret">Levallois-Perret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisons-Alfort" title="Maisons-Alfort">Maisons-Alfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massy,_Essonne" title="Massy, Essonne">Massy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meaux" title="Meaux">Meaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noisy-le-Grand" title="Noisy-le-Grand">Noisy-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantin" title="Pantin">Pantin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maur-des-Foss%C3%A9s" title="Saint-Maur-des-Fossés">Saint-Maur-des-Fossés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine" title="Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine">Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcelles" title="Sarcelles">Sarcelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartrouville" title="Sartrouville">Sartrouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevran" title="Sevran">Sevran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villejuif" title="Villejuif">Villejuif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Population over 25,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfortville" title="Alfortville">Alfortville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athis-Mons" title="Athis-Mons">Athis-Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagneux,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Bagneux, Hauts-de-Seine">Bagneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagnolet" title="Bagnolet">Bagnolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezons" title="Bezons">Bezons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-Colombes" title="Bois-Colombes">Bois-Colombes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9tigny-sur-Orge" title="Brétigny-sur-Orge">Brétigny-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunoy" title="Brunoy">Brunoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bussy-Saint-Georges" title="Bussy-Saint-Georges">Bussy-Saint-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachan" title="Cachan">Cachan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champs-sur-Marne" title="Champs-sur-Marne">Champs-sur-Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charenton-le-Pont" title="Charenton-le-Pont">Charenton-le-Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tenay-Malabry" title="Châtenay-Malabry">Châtenay-Malabry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tillon,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Châtillon, Hauts-de-Seine">Châtillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatou" title="Chatou">Chatou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chesnay-Rocquencourt" title="Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt">Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choisy-le-Roi" title="Choisy-le-Roi">Choisy-le-Roi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clichy-sous-Bois" title="Clichy-sous-Bois">Clichy-sous-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflans-Sainte-Honorine" title="Conflans-Sainte-Honorine">Conflans-Sainte-Honorine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormeilles-en-Parisis" title="Cormeilles-en-Parisis">Cormeilles-en-Parisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Courneuve" title="La Courneuve">La Courneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creil" title="Creil">Creil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draveil" title="Draveil">Draveil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreux" title="Dreux">Dreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaubonne" title="Eaubonne">Eaubonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lancourt" title="Élancourt">Élancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermont" title="Ermont">Ermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tampes" title="Étampes">Étampes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenay-aux-Roses" title="Fontenay-aux-Roses">Fontenay-aux-Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franconville,_Val-d%27Oise" title="Franconville, Val-d'Oise">Franconville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnes,_Val-de-Marne" title="Fresnes, Val-de-Marne">Fresnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagny" title="Gagny">Gagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Garenne-Colombes" title="La Garenne-Colombes">La Garenne-Colombes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garges-l%C3%A8s-Gonesse" title="Garges-lès-Gonesse">Garges-lès-Gonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennevilliers" title="Gennevilliers">Gennevilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonesse" title="Gonesse">Gonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goussainville,_Val-d%27Oise" title="Goussainville, Val-d'Oise">Goussainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigny,_Essonne" title="Grigny, Essonne">Grigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyancourt" title="Guyancourt">Guyancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Ha%C3%BF-les-Roses" title="L'Haÿ-les-Roses">L'Haÿ-les-Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herblay-sur-Seine" title="Herblay-sur-Seine">Herblay-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houilles" title="Houilles">Houilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeil-Br%C3%A9vannes" title="Limeil-Brévannes">Limeil-Brévannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livry-Gargan" title="Livry-Gargan">Livry-Gargan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malakoff,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Malakoff, Hauts-de-Seine">Malakoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantes-la-Jolie" title="Mantes-la-Jolie">Mantes-la-Jolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meudon" title="Meudon">Meudon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfermeil" title="Montfermeil">Montfermeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny-le-Bretonneux" title="Montigny-le-Bretonneux">Montigny-le-Bretonneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrouge" title="Montrouge">Montrouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Mureaux" title="Les Mureaux">Les Mureaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Marne" title="Neuilly-sur-Marne">Neuilly-sur-Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogent-sur-Marne" title="Nogent-sur-Marne">Nogent-sur-Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noisy-le-Sec" title="Noisy-le-Sec">Noisy-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaiseau" title="Palaiseau">Palaiseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Perreux-sur-Marne" title="Le Perreux-sur-Marne">Le Perreux-sur-Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaisir,_Yvelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaisir, Yvelines">Plaisir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Plessis-Robinson" title="Le Plessis-Robinson">Le Plessis-Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poissy" title="Poissy">Poissy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontault-Combault" title="Pontault-Combault">Pontault-Combault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puteaux" title="Puteaux">Puteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambouillet" title="Rambouillet">Rambouillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ris-Orangis" title="Ris-Orangis">Ris-Orangis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romainville" title="Romainville">Romainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosny-sous-Bois" title="Rosny-sous-Bois">Rosny-sous-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cloud" title="Saint-Cloud">Saint-Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve-des-Bois,_Essonne" title="Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, Essonne">Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannois" title="Sannois">Sannois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savigny-sur-Orge" title="Savigny-sur-Orge">Savigny-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savigny-le-Temple" title="Savigny-le-Temple">Savigny-le-Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stains,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Stains, Seine-Saint-Denis">Stains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucy-en-Brie" title="Sucy-en-Brie">Sucy-en-Brie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresnes" title="Suresnes">Suresnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taverny" title="Taverny">Taverny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiais" title="Thiais">Thiais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappes" title="Trappes">Trappes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremblay-en-France" title="Tremblay-en-France">Tremblay-en-France</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Les Ulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanves" title="Vanves">Vanves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigneux-sur-Seine" title="Vigneux-sur-Seine">Vigneux-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villemomble" title="Villemomble">Villemomble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-Saint-Georges" title="Villeneuve-Saint-Georges">Villeneuve-Saint-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeparisis" title="Villeparisis">Villeparisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villepinte,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Villepinte, Seine-Saint-Denis">Villepinte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villiers-le-Bel" title="Villiers-le-Bel">Villiers-le-Bel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villiers-sur-Marne" title="Villiers-sur-Marne">Villiers-sur-Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincennes" title="Vincennes">Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viry-Ch%C3%A2tillon" title="Viry-Châtillon">Viry-Châtillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerres" title="Yerres">Yerres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Population under 25,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>1,792 other communes</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communes_of_the_Essonne_department_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=280" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Essonne_communes" title="Template:Essonne communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Essonne_communes" title="Template talk:Essonne communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Essonne_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Essonne communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communes_of_the_Essonne_department_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=280" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Essonne_department" title="Communes of the Essonne department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a> department <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abb%C3%A9ville-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Abbéville-la-Rivière">Abbéville-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angerville,_Essonne" title="Angerville, Essonne">Angerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angervilliers" title="Angervilliers">Angervilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpajon" title="Arpajon">Arpajon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrancourt" title="Arrancourt">Arrancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athis-Mons" title="Athis-Mons">Athis-Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authon-la-Plaine" title="Authon-la-Plaine">Authon-la-Plaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvernaux" title="Auvernaux">Auvernaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvers-Saint-Georges" title="Auvers-Saint-Georges">Auvers-Saint-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avrainville,_Essonne" title="Avrainville, Essonne">Avrainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballainvilliers" title="Ballainvilliers">Ballainvilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballancourt-sur-Essonne" title="Ballancourt-sur-Essonne">Ballancourt-sur-Essonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baulne" title="Baulne">Baulne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A8vres,_Essonne" title="Bièvres, Essonne">Bièvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blandy,_Essonne" title="Blandy, Essonne">Blandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boigneville" title="Boigneville">Boigneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-Herpin" title="Bois-Herpin">Bois-Herpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boissy-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Boissy-la-Rivière">Boissy-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boissy-le-Cutt%C3%A9" title="Boissy-le-Cutté">Boissy-le-Cutté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boissy-le-Sec" title="Boissy-le-Sec">Boissy-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boissy-sous-Saint-Yon" title="Boissy-sous-Saint-Yon">Boissy-sous-Saint-Yon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondoufle" title="Bondoufle">Bondoufle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boullay-les-Troux" title="Boullay-les-Troux">Boullay-les-Troux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouray-sur-Juine" title="Bouray-sur-Juine">Bouray-sur-Juine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boussy-Saint-Antoine" title="Boussy-Saint-Antoine">Boussy-Saint-Antoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutervilliers" title="Boutervilliers">Boutervilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutigny-sur-Essonne" title="Boutigny-sur-Essonne">Boutigny-sur-Essonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouville,_Essonne" title="Bouville, Essonne">Bouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9tigny-sur-Orge" title="Brétigny-sur-Orge">Brétigny-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breuillet,_Essonne" title="Breuillet, Essonne">Breuillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breux-Jouy" title="Breux-Jouy">Breux-Jouy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bri%C3%A8res-les-Scell%C3%A9s" title="Brières-les-Scellés">Brières-les-Scellés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briis-sous-Forges" title="Briis-sous-Forges">Briis-sous-Forges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brouy" title="Brouy">Brouy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunoy" title="Brunoy">Brunoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruy%C3%A8res-le-Ch%C3%A2tel" title="Bruyères-le-Châtel">Bruyères-le-Châtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buno-Bonnevaux" title="Buno-Bonnevaux">Buno-Bonnevaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bures-sur-Yvette" title="Bures-sur-Yvette">Bures-sur-Yvette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerny,_Essonne" title="Cerny, Essonne">Cerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalo-Saint-Mars" title="Chalo-Saint-Mars">Chalo-Saint-Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalou-Moulineux" title="Chalou-Moulineux">Chalou-Moulineux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarande" title="Chamarande">Chamarande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champcueil" title="Champcueil">Champcueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlan" title="Champlan">Champlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champmotteux" title="Champmotteux">Champmotteux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatignonville" title="Chatignonville">Chatignonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauffour-l%C3%A8s-%C3%89tr%C3%A9chy" title="Chauffour-lès-Étréchy">Chauffour-lès-Étréchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheptainville" title="Cheptainville">Cheptainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevannes,_Essonne" title="Chevannes, Essonne">Chevannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilly-Mazarin" title="Chilly-Mazarin">Chilly-Mazarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congerville-Thionville" title="Congerville-Thionville">Congerville-Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbeil-Essonnes" title="Corbeil-Essonnes">Corbeil-Essonnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbreuse" title="Corbreuse">Corbreuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Coudray-Montceaux" title="Le Coudray-Montceaux">Le Coudray-Montceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courances" title="Courances">Courances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courdimanche-sur-Essonne" title="Courdimanche-sur-Essonne">Courdimanche-sur-Essonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courson-Monteloup" title="Courson-Monteloup">Courson-Monteloup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosne,_Essonne" title="Crosne, Essonne">Crosne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dannemois" title="Dannemois">Dannemois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Huison-Longueville" title="D'Huison-Longueville">D'Huison-Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dourdan" title="Dourdan">Dourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draveil" title="Draveil">Draveil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89charcon" title="Écharcon">Écharcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89gly" title="Égly">Égly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinay-sous-S%C3%A9nart" title="Épinay-sous-Sénart">Épinay-sous-Sénart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinay-sur-Orge" title="Épinay-sur-Orge">Épinay-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tampes" title="Étampes">Étampes</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tiolles" title="Étiolles">Étiolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tr%C3%A9chy,_Essonne" title="Étréchy, Essonne">Étréchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Fert%C3%A9-Alais" title="La Ferté-Alais">La Ferté-Alais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleury-M%C3%A9rogis" title="Fleury-Mérogis">Fleury-Mérogis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Fontaine-la-Rivière">Fontaine-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenay-l%C3%A8s-Briis" title="Fontenay-lès-Briis">Fontenay-lès-Briis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenay-le-Vicomte" title="Fontenay-le-Vicomte">Fontenay-le-Vicomte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_For%C3%AAt-le-Roi" title="La Forêt-le-Roi">La Forêt-le-Roi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_For%C3%AAt-Sainte-Croix" title="La Forêt-Sainte-Croix">La Forêt-Sainte-Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forges-les-Bains" title="Forges-les-Bains">Forges-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gif-sur-Yvette" title="Gif-sur-Yvette">Gif-sur-Yvette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gironville-sur-Essonne" title="Gironville-sur-Essonne">Gironville-sur-Essonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gometz-la-Ville" title="Gometz-la-Ville">Gometz-la-Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gometz-le-Ch%C3%A2tel" title="Gometz-le-Châtel">Gometz-le-Châtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Granges-le-Roi" title="Les Granges-le-Roi">Les Granges-le-Roi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigny,_Essonne" title="Grigny, Essonne">Grigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guibeville" title="Guibeville">Guibeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigneville-sur-Essonne" title="Guigneville-sur-Essonne">Guigneville-sur-Essonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillerval" title="Guillerval">Guillerval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igny,_Essonne" title="Igny, Essonne">Igny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itteville" title="Itteville">Itteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janville-sur-Juine" title="Janville-sur-Juine">Janville-sur-Juine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janvry,_Essonne" title="Janvry, Essonne">Janvry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvisy-sur-Orge" title="Juvisy-sur-Orge">Juvisy-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardy,_Essonne" title="Lardy, Essonne">Lardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leudeville" title="Leudeville">Leudeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuville-sur-Orge" title="Leuville-sur-Orge">Leuville-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limours" title="Limours">Limours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linas,_Essonne" title="Linas, Essonne">Linas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisses" title="Lisses">Lisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjumeau" title="Longjumeau">Longjumeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longpont-sur-Orge" title="Longpont-sur-Orge">Longpont-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisse" title="Maisse">Maisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcoussis" title="Marcoussis">Marcoussis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marolles-en-Beauce" title="Marolles-en-Beauce">Marolles-en-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marolles-en-Hurepoix" title="Marolles-en-Hurepoix">Marolles-en-Hurepoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massy,_Essonne" title="Massy, Essonne">Massy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauchamps" title="Mauchamps">Mauchamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennecy" title="Mennecy">Mennecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_M%C3%A9r%C3%A9villois" title="Le Mérévillois">Le Mérévillois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9robert" title="Mérobert">Mérobert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mespuits" title="Mespuits">Mespuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milly-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Milly-la-Forêt">Milly-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moigny-sur-%C3%89cole" title="Moigny-sur-École">Moigny-sur-École</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Moli%C3%A8res" title="Les Molières">Les Molières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondeville,_Essonne" title="Mondeville, Essonne">Mondeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monnerville" title="Monnerville">Monnerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgeron" title="Montgeron">Montgeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montlh%C3%A9ry" title="Montlhéry">Montlhéry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morangis,_Essonne" title="Morangis, Essonne">Morangis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morigny-Champigny" title="Morigny-Champigny">Morigny-Champigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsang-sur-Orge" title="Morsang-sur-Orge">Morsang-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsang-sur-Seine" title="Morsang-sur-Seine">Morsang-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainville-les-Roches" title="Nainville-les-Roches">Nainville-les-Roches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Norville" title="La Norville">La Norville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozay,_Essonne" title="Nozay, Essonne">Nozay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollainville,_Essonne" title="Ollainville, Essonne">Ollainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncy-sur-%C3%89cole" title="Oncy-sur-École">Oncy-sur-École</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormoy,_Essonne" title="Ormoy, Essonne">Ormoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormoy-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Ormoy-la-Rivière">Ormoy-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsay" title="Orsay">Orsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orveau" title="Orveau">Orveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaiseau" title="Palaiseau">Palaiseau</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paray-Vieille-Poste" title="Paray-Vieille-Poste">Paray-Vieille-Poste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecqueuse" title="Pecqueuse">Pecqueuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Plessis-P%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Le Plessis-Pâté">Le Plessis-Pâté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plessis-Saint-Benoist" title="Plessis-Saint-Benoist">Plessis-Saint-Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prunay-sur-Essonne" title="Prunay-sur-Essonne">Prunay-sur-Essonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puiselet-le-Marais" title="Puiselet-le-Marais">Puiselet-le-Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussay" title="Pussay">Pussay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy-sous-S%C3%A9nart" title="Quincy-sous-Sénart">Quincy-sous-Sénart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richarville" title="Richarville">Richarville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ris-Orangis" title="Ris-Orangis">Ris-Orangis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roinville,_Essonne" title="Roinville, Essonne">Roinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roinvilliers" title="Roinvilliers">Roinvilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saclas" title="Saclas">Saclas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saclay" title="Saclay">Saclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin,_Essonne" title="Saint-Aubin, Essonne">Saint-Aubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ch%C3%A9ron,_Essonne" title="Saint-Chéron, Essonne">Saint-Chéron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Cyr-la-Rivière">Saint-Cyr-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr-sous-Dourdan" title="Saint-Cyr-sous-Dourdan">Saint-Cyr-sous-Dourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve-des-Bois,_Essonne" title="Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, Essonne">Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Escobille" title="Saint-Escobille">Saint-Escobille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-l%C3%A8s-Arpajon" title="Saint-Germain-lès-Arpajon">Saint-Germain-lès-Arpajon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-l%C3%A8s-Corbeil" title="Saint-Germain-lès-Corbeil">Saint-Germain-lès-Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire,_Essonne" title="Saint-Hilaire, Essonne">Saint-Hilaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Beauregard" title="Saint-Jean-de-Beauregard">Saint-Jean-de-Beauregard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice-Montcouronne" title="Saint-Maurice-Montcouronne">Saint-Maurice-Montcouronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel-sur-Orge" title="Saint-Michel-sur-Orge">Saint-Michel-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-du-Perray" title="Saint-Pierre-du-Perray">Saint-Pierre-du-Perray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saintry-sur-Seine" title="Saintry-sur-Seine">Saintry-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice-de-Favi%C3%A8res" title="Saint-Sulpice-de-Favières">Saint-Sulpice-de-Favières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vrain,_Essonne" title="Saint-Vrain, Essonne">Saint-Vrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Yon" title="Saint-Yon">Saint-Yon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulx-les-Chartreux" title="Saulx-les-Chartreux">Saulx-les-Chartreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savigny-sur-Orge" title="Savigny-sur-Orge">Savigny-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermaise,_Essonne" title="Sermaise, Essonne">Sermaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soisy-sur-%C3%89cole" title="Soisy-sur-École">Soisy-sur-École</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soisy-sur-Seine" title="Soisy-sur-Seine">Soisy-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souzy-la-Briche" title="Souzy-la-Briche">Souzy-la-Briche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigery" title="Tigery">Tigery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torfou,_Essonne" title="Torfou, Essonne">Torfou</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Les Ulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valpuiseaux" title="Valpuiseaux">Valpuiseaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Val-Saint-Germain" title="Le Val-Saint-Germain">Le Val-Saint-Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varennes-Jarcy" title="Varennes-Jarcy">Varennes-Jarcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaugrigneuse" title="Vaugrigneuse">Vaugrigneuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauhallan" title="Vauhallan">Vauhallan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayres-sur-Essonne" title="Vayres-sur-Essonne">Vayres-sur-Essonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verri%C3%A8res-le-Buisson" title="Verrières-le-Buisson">Verrières-le-Buisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vert-le-Grand" title="Vert-le-Grand">Vert-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vert-le-Petit" title="Vert-le-Petit">Vert-le-Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videlles" title="Videlles">Videlles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigneux-sur-Seine" title="Vigneux-sur-Seine">Vigneux-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villab%C3%A9" title="Villabé">Villabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villebon-sur-Yvette" title="Villebon-sur-Yvette">Villebon-sur-Yvette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeconin" title="Villeconin">Villeconin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ville-du-Bois" title="La Ville-du-Bois">La Ville-du-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villejust" title="Villejust">Villejust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villemoisson-sur-Orge" title="Villemoisson-sur-Orge">Villemoisson-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-sur-Auvers" title="Villeneuve-sur-Auvers">Villeneuve-sur-Auvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villiers-le-B%C3%A2cle" title="Villiers-le-Bâcle">Villiers-le-Bâcle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villiers-sur-Orge" title="Villiers-sur-Orge">Villiers-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viry-Ch%C3%A2tillon" title="Viry-Châtillon">Viry-Châtillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissous" title="Wissous">Wissous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerres" title="Yerres">Yerres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216844#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216844#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216844#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154631971">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJht7pXkTwKYVwx9mxpMfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4495269-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92050090">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152802441">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152802441">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007530981105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/5bf9a3aa-5350-418e-b0c5-464656d0bc00">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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