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</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1617</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: institutional reform</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1617</span> Impact of Health Sector Economic Reforms in Underdeveloped Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haga%20Abdelrahman%20Elimam">Haga Abdelrahman Elimam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the connotation, and some of the realistic implications, of the economic reform of health sector in under developed countries. The paper investigates the issues that economic reforms have to address, and the policy targets they are considered to accomplish. The work argues that the development of economic reform is not connected only with understanding the priorities and refining them, furthermore with reformation and restructuring the organizations through which health policies are employed. Considering various organizational values, that are likely to be regular to all economic reform programs, a regulatory approach to institutional reform is unsuitable. The paper further investigates the selection of economic reform that may as well influence via technical suggestions and analysis, but the verdict to continue, and the consequent success of execution, eventually depends on the progressive political sustainability. The paper concludes by giving examples of institutional reforms from various underdeveloped countries and includes recommendation of the responsibility and control of donor organizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20reform" title="economic reform">economic reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20sector" title=" health sector"> health sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underdeveloped%20countries" title=" underdeveloped countries"> underdeveloped countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20suggestions" title=" technical suggestions"> technical suggestions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27909/impact-of-health-sector-economic-reforms-in-underdeveloped-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1616</span> Reform of the Intellectual Property Administrative System and High-Quality Innovation of Enterprises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prof.%20Hao%20Mao">Prof. Hao Mao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phd%20Qia%20Wei"> Phd Qia Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.Siwei%20Cao"> Dr.Siwei Cao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The administrative system is the organisational carrier for managing the operation of the market and the basic guarantee for achieving innovation incentives. This paper takes the reform of provincial administrative institutions in the process of Chinese national intellectual property administrative system reform in 2018 as a quasi-natural experiment to assess the impact of IP administrative system reform on enterprise innovation. The study finds that reducing the independence of some provincial administrative institutions will lead to a reduction in the number of local enterprises' innovations and a decrease in the quality of innovations, which is mainly triggered by a decrease in R&D investment due to a decrease in the strength of subsidy policies. The new round of intellectual property administrative system reform in 2023 elevated the administrative status of China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA), and re-strengthened the top-level design and centralization of IP administration. This paper clarifies the role of the 2018 IP administrative system reform on China's market innovation, provides empirical evidence for the properly handling government market relations and property rights incentives and other institutional designs, and also provides empirical references for further promoting the improvement of national and local IP institutional mechanisms and the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy in the new round of reform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title="intellectual property">intellectual property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=administrative%20systems" title=" administrative systems"> administrative systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-quality%20innovation" title=" high-quality innovation"> high-quality innovation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188316/reform-of-the-intellectual-property-administrative-system-and-high-quality-innovation-of-enterprises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1615</span> Public Policy and Institutional Reforms in Ethiopian Experience: A Retrospective Policy Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tewele%20Gerlase%20Haile">Tewele Gerlase Haile</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Like any other country, Ethiopia's state government has reached today by undergoing many political changes. Until the last quarter of the 19th century, the aristocratic regimes of Ethiopia were using their infinite mystical power to shape the traditional public administrative institutions of the country. Mystical, feudal, social, and revolutionary political systems were used as sources of ruling power to the long-lasted monarchical, military and dictatorial regimes. For a country that is struggling to escape from the vicious cycle of poverty, famines, and civil wars, understanding how political regimes reform public policies and institutions is necessary for several reasons. A retrospective policy analysis approach is employed to determine how public policies are shaped by institutional factors and why the traditional public administration paradigm of Ethiopia continues to date despite regime changes. Using the experiences of political reforms practiced in four successive regimes (1916-2023), this retrospective analysis reveals a causal relationship among policy, institutional, and political failures. Moreover, Ethiopia's law-making and policy-making background significantly reflects the behavior of governments and their institutions. With a macro-level policy analysis in mind, the paper analyzes why the recent policy and institutional reforms twisted the country into unresolved military catastrophes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20administration" title="public administration">public administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policy" title=" public policy"> public policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20reform" title=" institutional reform"> institutional reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20structure" title=" political structure"> political structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191439/public-policy-and-institutional-reforms-in-ethiopian-experience-a-retrospective-policy-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1614</span> Mixed-ownership Reform and Quality of Internal Control of State-owned Enterprises: Logic and Evidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mao%20Ju">Mao Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a capital organizing form, the mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is an important way to stimulate enterprises’ vitality through reshaping the shareholding structure, enhancing mutual complementation of shareholders’ resources, and improving corporate governance and the quality of internal control. Based on the process of mixed-ownership reform and according to IPO and the change in the key shareholding structure of the listed companies, this paper divides the reform into two stages: primary mixed-ownership reform and secondary mixed-ownership reform (deeper mixed-ownership reform), and uses this as the basis to construct the proxy variable of the mixed-ownership reform of SOEs, research on the relationship between the mixed-ownership reform of SOEs and the quality of internal control. The research reveals that: (1) SOEs completing a secondary mixed-ownership reform can enhance the quality of internal control; (2) In the secondary mixed-ownership reform, the introduction of heterogeneous major shareholders will generate more obvious enhancement in the quality of internal control than the introduction of homogeneous major shareholders. Further research shows that the internal environment and marketization process play a moderating role in the process of the secondary mixed-ownership reform affecting the quality of internal control, that is, a better internal environment or a higher degree of marketization can promote the improvement of the quality of internal control in secondary mixed-ownership reform. The conclusion of the research provides experimental evidence for the expected results of the mixed-ownership reform policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-ownership%20reform%20of%20state-owned%20enterprises" title="mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises">mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20mixed-ownership%20reform" title=" secondary mixed-ownership reform"> secondary mixed-ownership reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20internal%20control" title=" quality of internal control"> quality of internal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20mixed-ownership%20reform" title=" primary mixed-ownership reform"> primary mixed-ownership reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192530/mixed-ownership-reform-and-quality-of-internal-control-of-state-owned-enterprises-logic-and-evidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1613</span> Meaningful General Education Reform: Integrating Core Curricula and Institutional Values </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20W.%20Markowitz">Michael W. Markowitz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A central element of higher education today is the “core” or “general education” curriculum: that configuration of courses that often encompasses the essence of liberal arts education. Ensuring that such offerings reflect the mission and values of the institution is a challenge faced by most college and universities, often more than once. This paper presents an action model of program planning designed to structure the processes of developing, implementing and revising core curricula in a manner consistent with key institutional goals and objectives. Through presentation of a case study from a university in the United States, the elements of needs assessment, stakeholder investment and collaborative compromise are shown as key components of a planning strategy that can produce a general education program that is comprehensive, academically rigorous, assessable and mission consistent. The paper concludes with recommendations for both the implementation and evaluation of such programs in practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20assessment" title="academic assessment">academic assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20program%20planning" title=" academic program planning"> academic program planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum%20development" title=" curriculum development"> curriculum development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20education%20reform" title=" general education reform"> general education reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20694/meaningful-general-education-reform-integrating-core-curricula-and-institutional-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1612</span> Governmentality and the Norwegian Knowledge Promotion Reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christin%20T%C3%B8nseth">Christin Tønseth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Norwegian ‘knowledge promotion reform’ was implemented in elementary schools and upper secondary schools in 2006. The goal of the reform was that all pupils should develop basic skills and competencies in order to take an active part in the knowledge society. This paper discusses how governmentality as a management principle is demonstrated through the Norwegian ‘knowledge promotion reform’. Evaluation reports and political documents are the basis for the discussion. The ‘knowledge promotion reform’ was including quality assurance for schools, teachers, and students and the authorities retained control by using curricula and national tests. The reform promoted several intentions that were not reached. In light of governmentality, it seemed that thoughts and intentions by the authorities differed from those in the world of practice. The quality assurances did not motivate the practitioners to be self-governing. The relationship between the authorities and the implementation actors was weak, and the reform was, therefore, difficult to implement in practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title="governance">governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governmentality" title=" governmentality"> governmentality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Norwegian%20knowledge%20promotion%20reform" title=" the Norwegian knowledge promotion reform"> the Norwegian knowledge promotion reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99512/governmentality-and-the-norwegian-knowledge-promotion-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1611</span> Immersive Block Scheduling in Higher Education: A Case Study in Curriculum Reform and Increased Student Success</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Roche">Thomas Roche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erica%20Wilson"> Erica Wilson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Goode"> Elizabeth Goode</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Universities across the globe are considering how to effect meaningful change in their higher education (HE) delivery in the face of increasingly diverse student cohorts and shifting student learning preferences. This paper reports on a descriptive case study of whole-of-institution curriculum reform at one regional Australian university, where more traditional 13-week semesters were replaced with a 6-week immersive block model drawing on active learning pedagogy. Based on a synthesis of literature in best practice HE pedagogy and principles, the case study draws on student performance data and senior management staff interviews (N = 5) to outline the key changes necessary for successful HE transformation to deliver increased student pass rates and retention. The findings from this case study indicate that an institutional transformation to an immersive block model requires both a considered change in institutional policy and process as well as the appropriate resourcing of roles, governance committees, technical solutions, and, importantly, communities of practice. Implications for practice at higher education institutions considering reforming their curriculum model are also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20retention" title="student retention">student retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immersive%20scheduling" title=" immersive scheduling"> immersive scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20model" title=" block model"> block model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum%20reform" title=" curriculum reform"> curriculum reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20learning" title=" active learning"> active learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education%20pedagogy" title=" higher education pedagogy"> higher education pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education%20policy" title=" higher education policy"> higher education policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176657/immersive-block-scheduling-in-higher-education-a-case-study-in-curriculum-reform-and-increased-student-success" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1610</span> Judicial Institutions in a Post-Conflict Society: Gaining Legitimacy through a Holistic Reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Salim%20Amin">Abdul Salim Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on how judiciaries in post-conflict society gain legitimacy through reformation. Legitimacy plays a pivotal role in shaping peoples’ behavior to submit to the law and verifies the rightfulness of an organ for taking binding decisions. Among various dynamics, judicial independence, access to justice and behavioral changes of the judicial officials broadly contribute in legitimation of judiciary in general, and the court in particular. Increasing the independence of judiciary through reform limits the interference of governmental branches in judicial issues and protects basic rights of the citizens. Judicial independence does not only matter in institutional terms, individual independence also influences the impartiality and integrity of judges, which can be increased through education and better administration of justice. Finally, access to justice as an intertwined concept both at the legal and moral spectrum of judicial reform avails justice to the citizen and increases the level of public trust and confidence. Efficient legal decisions on fostering such elements through holistic reform create a rule of law atmosphere. Citizens do not accept illegitimate judiciary and do not trust its decisions. Lack of such tolerance and confidence deters the rule of law and, thus, undermines the democratic development of a society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legitimacy" title="legitimacy">legitimacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20reform" title=" judicial reform"> judicial reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20independence" title=" judicial independence"> judicial independence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20to%20justice" title=" access to justice"> access to justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20training" title=" legal training"> legal training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20justice" title=" informal justice"> informal justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rule%20of%20law" title=" rule of law"> rule of law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23610/judicial-institutions-in-a-post-conflict-society-gaining-legitimacy-through-a-holistic-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1609</span> Split-Share Structure Reform and Statutory Audit Fees in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiao-Wen%20Wang">Hsiao-Wen Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The split-share structure reform in China represents one of the most significant milestones in the evolution of the capital market. With the goal of converting non-tradable shares into tradable shares, the reform laid the foundation and supported the development of full-scale privatization. This study explores China’s split-share structure reform and its impact on statutory audit fees. This study finds that auditors earn a significant statutory audit fee premium after the split-share structure reform. The Big 4 auditors who provide better audit quality receive higher statutory audit fee premium than non-Big 4 auditors after the share reform, which is attributable to their brand reputation, rather than the relative market dominance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chinese%20split-share%20structure%20reform" title="chinese split-share structure reform">chinese split-share structure reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statutory%20audit%20fees" title=" statutory audit fees"> statutory audit fees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big-4%20auditors" title=" big-4 auditors"> big-4 auditors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7767/split-share-structure-reform-and-statutory-audit-fees-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1608</span> New Chances of Reforming Pedagogical Approach In Secondary English Class in China under the New English Curriculum and National College Entrance Examination Reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue%20Wang">Yue Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Five years passed since the newest English curriculum reform policy was published in China, hand-wringing spread among teachers who accused that this is another 'Wearing New Shoes to Walk the Old Road' policy. This paper provides a thoroughly philosophical policy analysis of serious efforts that had been made to support this reform and reveals the hindrances that bridled the reform to yield the desired effect. Blame could be easily put on teachers for their insufficient pedagogical content knowledge, conservative resistance, and the handicaps of large class sizes and limited teaching times, and so on. However, the underlying causes for this implementation failure are the interrelated factors in the NCEE-centred education system, such as the reluctant from students, the lack of school and education bureau support, and insufficient teacher training. A further discussion of 2017 to 2020’s NCEE reform on English prompt new possibilities for the authentic pedagogical approach reform in secondary English classes. In all, the pedagogical approach reform at the secondary level is heading towards a brighter future with the initiation of new NCEE reform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20curriculum" title="English curriculum">English curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NCEE" title=" NCEE"> NCEE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20possibilities" title=" new possibilities"> new possibilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogical" title=" pedagogical"> pedagogical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20analysis" title=" policy analysis"> policy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139550/new-chances-of-reforming-pedagogical-approach-in-secondary-english-class-in-china-under-the-new-english-curriculum-and-national-college-entrance-examination-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1607</span> Religious Reform and Secularism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djehich%20Mohamed%20Yousri">Djehich Mohamed Yousri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Religious Reform and Secularism present the title of the research paper (Religious Reform and Secularism) is the subject of this research paper. The researcher proceeded to address it through three main axes, in addition to an introduction and a conclusion that indicated the most important results of the study. Where the first axis dealt with the concept of the secular, while the second axis dealt with religious reform, and we devoted the third axis to discussing the relationship between them. It is a treatment that requires the researcher, at the level of methodology, to critically rethink the concepts of (religious) and (secular), and accompany the radical revisions that have been made in the field of (post-secular) studies in this regard. The paper concluded that caution should be exercised in dealing with the terms "religious reform" and "secularism". There are different and diverse viewpoints on (religious reform) and on (secularism) as well, and therefore it is wrong, according to the perspective of the paper, to deal with either of them as representing one comprehensive, homogeneous, closed and semantically stable category. ) or (secularism) with a set of diverse and divergent points of view from each other, a path that ultimately leads to confusion, confusion, ambiguity and misunderstanding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secularism" title="secularism">secularism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-secularism" title=" post-secularism"> post-secularism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20reform" title=" religious reform"> religious reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20of%20religion" title=" concept of religion"> concept of religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20concept%20of%20secularism" title=" the concept of secularism"> the concept of secularism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161787/religious-reform-and-secularism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1606</span> Competition in Kenya: The Legal and Institutional Framework and an Appraisal of Key Market Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Njoroge%20Kimani">Edwin Njoroge Kimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20M.%20Munyao"> Alan M. Munyao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite Kenya’s status as a regional economic powerhouse, it struggles with economic shocks that expose the consumers. This, however, seems not to affect major cooperates such as those in the telecommunication and energy sectors. Through their operations, they have not only been able to fluctuate prices at will but also they have been accused of curtailing their rivals from penetrating the market. This study, through literature review of the legal and institutional framework, reports and publications interrogates the law and uncovers the following; i) failings of the legal framework to define market dominance and abuse of such positions, ii) the participation of the state, iii) the inertia of the government to prosecute corporations that abuse their market dominance, iv) the role of the state as a market player and as a regulator through the Competition Authority of Kenya. This study concludes that the market distortion is as a result of weak legal and institutional framework as well as conflict of interest by the government. Not much has been researched in the field of competition law the greater East Africa. This research is intended to form part of the growing research in the field and inform legal reform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition%20law" title="competition law">competition law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20power" title=" economic power"> economic power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dominance" title=" dominance"> dominance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenya" title=" Kenya"> Kenya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80464/competition-in-kenya-the-legal-and-institutional-framework-and-an-appraisal-of-key-market-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1605</span> Smart Transportation: Bringing Back Sunshine City Harare</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Shayamapiki">R. Shayamapiki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the applicability of applying new urbanism principles in cities of developing countries as a panacea towards building sustainable cities through implementing smart transportation. Smart transportation approach to planning has been growing remarkably around the globe in the past decade. In conquest to curb traffic congestion and reducing automobile dependency in the inner-city Harare, Smart Transportation has been a strong drive towards building sustainable cities. Conceptually, Smart Transportation constitutes of principles which include walking, cycling and mass transit. The Smart Transportation approach has been a success story in the cities of developing world but its application in the cities of developing countries has been doubtful. Cities of developing countries being multifaceted with several urban sustainability challenges, the study consolidates that there are no robust policy, legislative and institutional frameworks to govern the application of Smart Transportation in urban planning hence no clear roadway towards its success story. Questions regarding this investigation proliferate to; how capable are cities of developing countries to transform Smart Transportation principles to a success story? What victory can Smart Transportation bring to sustainable urban development? What are constraints of embracing the principles and how can they be manipulated? Methodologically the case study of urban syntax in Harare Central Business District and arterial roads of the city, legislation and institutional settings underpins various research outcomes. The study finds out the hindrances of policy, legislative and institutional incapacities cooked with economic constraints, lack of political will and technically inflexible zoning regulations. The study also elucidates that there is need to adopt a localized approach to Smart Transportation. The paper then calls for strengthening of institutional and legal reform in conquest to embrace the concept, policy and legislative support, feasible financial mechanism, coordination of responsible stakeholders, planning standards and regulatory frameworks reform to celebrate the success story of Smart Transportation in the developing world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inner-city%20Harare" title="inner-city Harare">inner-city Harare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20urbanism" title=" new urbanism"> new urbanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20transportation" title=" smart transportation"> smart transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20cities" title=" sustainable cities"> sustainable cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36879/smart-transportation-bringing-back-sunshine-city-harare" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1604</span> Oil-to-Cash Reform and Inequality Evidence From Iranian Reform 2010</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadali%20Mokhtari">Mohammadali Mokhtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developing countries increasingly recognize the need to reduce energy subsidies. Cash transfers are proposed instead of subsidies to mitigate the negative effects of energy subsidy reforms. However, there is little evidence about the redistribution effect of these subsidy-to-cash reforms. We study the redistribution impact of the largest subsidy-to-cash reform in the history of developing countries in Iran in 2010. We find a strong pro-poor impact of the reform using five inequality measures, including the Gini index and the ratio of rich to poor expenditures. Finally, we show this pro-poor impact is on average and discuss other possible mechanisms by which low-income groups objected to these pro-poor reforms in the next round, which took place in November 2019 and led to wide and large protests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20economics" title="energy economics">energy economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsidy%20reform" title=" subsidy reform"> subsidy reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequality" title=" inequality"> inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20East" title=" Middle East"> Middle East</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165651/oil-to-cash-reform-and-inequality-evidence-from-iranian-reform-2010" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1603</span> Institutional Determinants of Economic Growth in Georgia and in Other Post-Communist Economies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazira%20Kakulia">Nazira Kakulia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsotne%20Zhghenti"> Tsotne Zhghenti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The institutional development is one of the actual topics in economics science. New trends and directions of institutional development mostly depend on its structure and framework. Transformation of institutions is an important problem for every economy, especially for developing countries. The first research goal is to determine the importance and interactions between different institutions in Georgia. Using World Governance Indicators and Economic Freedom indexes it can be calculated the size for each institutional group. The second aim of this research is to evaluate Georgian institutional backwardness in comparison to other post-communist economies. We use statistical and econometric methods to evaluate the difference between the levels of institutional development in Georgia and in leading post-communist economies. Within the scope of this research, major findings are coefficients which are an assessment of their deviation (i.e. lag) of institutional indicators between Georgia and leading post-communist country which should be compared. The last part of the article includes analysis around the selected coefficients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-communist%20transition" title="post-communist transition">post-communist transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutions" title=" institutions"> institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20development" title=" institutional development"> institutional development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100913/institutional-determinants-of-economic-growth-in-georgia-and-in-other-post-communist-economies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1602</span> CDIO-Based Teaching Reform for Software Project Management Course </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liping%20Li">Liping Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenan%20Tan"> Wenan Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Wang"> Na Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid development of information technology, project management has gained more and more attention recently. Based on CDIO, this paper proposes some teaching reform ideas for software project management curriculum. We first change from Teacher-centered classroom to Student-centered and adopt project-driven, scenario animation show, teaching rhythms, case study and team work practice to improve students' learning enthusiasm. Results showed these attempts have been well received and very effective; as well, students prefer to learn with this curriculum more than before the reform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDIO" title="CDIO">CDIO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20reform" title=" teaching reform"> teaching reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20education" title=" engineering education"> engineering education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project-driven" title=" project-driven"> project-driven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenario%20animation%20simulation" title=" scenario animation simulation"> scenario animation simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74297/cdio-based-teaching-reform-for-software-project-management-course" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1601</span> The Status of English Learning in the Israeli Academy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronit%20German">Ronit German</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Beytenbrat"> Alexandra Beytenbrat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although English seems to be prevalent in every sphere of Israeli daily life, not many Israeli students have a sufficient level of writing and speaking in English which is necessary for academic studies. The inadequate level of English among Israeli students is because the sole focus is on teaching reading comprehension, and the need to adapt to the trends of the professional worldwide demands triggered a reform that requires implementing Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) courses in the Israeli academic institutions. However, it will be argued that this reform is challenging to implement. The fact that modern Hebrew is a revived language, and that English is L3 for more than 30% of the population, the diverse social and cultural students’ background, and psychological factors stand in the way of the new reform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CEFR" title="CEFR">CEFR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20diversity" title=" cultural diversity"> cultural diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMI%20courses" title=" EMI courses"> EMI courses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20in%20Israel" title=" English in Israel"> English in Israel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139693/the-status-of-english-learning-in-the-israeli-academy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1600</span> The Status of English in the Israeli Academy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronit%20German">Ronit German</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Beytenbrat"> Alexandra Beytenbrat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although English seems to be prevalent in every sphere of Israeli daily life, not many Israeli students have a sufficient level of writing and speaking in English which is necessary for academic studies. The inadequate level of English among Israeli students, almost the sole focus on teaching reading comprehension, and the need to adapt to the trends of the professional worldwide demands triggered a reform that requires to implement Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) courses in the Israeli academic institutions. However, it will be argued that this reform is challenging to implement. The fact that modern Hebrew is a revived language, and that English is L3 for more than 30% of the population, the diverse social and cultural students’ background, and psychological factors stand in the way of the new reform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CEFR" title="CEFR">CEFR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20diversity" title=" cultural diversity"> cultural diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMI%20courses" title=" EMI courses"> EMI courses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20in%20Israel" title=" English in Israel"> English in Israel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139657/the-status-of-english-in-the-israeli-academy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1599</span> Multiple Institutional Logics and the Ability of Institutional Entrepreneurs: An Analysis in the Turkish Education Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mira%C3%A7%20Sava%C5%9F%20Turhan">Miraç Savaş Turhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Dani%C5%9Fman"> Ali Danişman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently scholars of new institutional theory have used institutional logics perspective to explain the contradictory practices in modern western societies. Accordingly, distinct institutional logics are embedded in central institutions such as the market, state, democracy, family, and religion. They guide individual and organizational actors and constraint their behaviors in a particular organizational field. Through this perspective, actors are assumed to have a situated, embedded, boundedly intentional, and adaptive role against the structure in social, cultural and political context. On the other hand, over a decade, there is an emerging attempt focusing on the role of actors on creating, maintaining, and changing the institutions. Such attempts brought out the concept of institutional entrepreneurs to explain the role of individual actors in relation to institutions. Institutional entrepreneurs are individuals, groups of individuals, organizations or groups of organizations that are able to initiate some actions to build, maintain or change institutions. While recent studies on institutional logics perspective have attempted to explain roles of entrepreneurial actors who have resources and skills, little is known about the effects of multiple institutional logics on the ability of institutional entrepreneurs. In this study, we aim to find out that how multiple institutional logics affect the ability of institutional entrepreneurs during the process of institutional change. We examine this issue in the Turkish Education Field. While institutional logics were identified based on the previous studies in the education field, the actions taken by Turkish National Education Ministry from 2003 to 2013 was examined through content analysis The early results indicate that there are remarkable shift and contradictions in the ability of institutional entrepreneur in taking actions to change the field in relationship to balance of power shift among the carriers of institutional logics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20theory" title="institutional theory">institutional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20logics" title=" institutional logics"> institutional logics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20entrepreneurs" title=" institutional entrepreneurs"> institutional entrepreneurs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkish%20national%20education" title=" Turkish national education "> Turkish national education </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25623/multiple-institutional-logics-and-the-ability-of-institutional-entrepreneurs-an-analysis-in-the-turkish-education-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1598</span> Author Self-Archiving in Open Access Institutional Repositories for Awareness Creation in Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwame%20Kodua-Ntim">Kwame Kodua-Ntim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study explored the authors self-archiving to create awareness of open-access institutional repositories in universities. The qualitative approach of the study was informed by the interpretive paradigm as well as the case research design. The target population for the study was all twelve (12) open-access institutional repositories managers and administrators purposively selected from the five (5) universities in Ghana. The universities were chosen since they were the only ones listed in the Directory of Open Access Repositories. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study revealed that academics had some information about self-archiving in open-access institutional repositories and university libraries with open-access institutional repositories were using DSpace software. Managers and administrators of open-access institutional repositories mediated content uploaded and believed that author self-archiving could improve awareness of open-access institutional repositories. The study recommended that universities should fully implement the author’s self-archiving protocol, and academics should be trained to be able to upload research works onto open-access institutional repositories. Furthermore, the university and university library should provide rigorous policies on author self-archiving and incentives for author self-archiving in the open access institutional repositories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=author" title="author">author</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title=" awareness"> awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20repositories" title=" institutional repositories"> institutional repositories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20access" title=" open access"> open access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20archive" title=" open archive"> open archive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-archiving" title=" self-archiving"> self-archiving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161785/author-self-archiving-in-open-access-institutional-repositories-for-awareness-creation-in-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1597</span> Institutional Segmantation and Country Clustering: Implications for Multinational Enterprises Over Standardized Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Hoon%20Han">Jung-Hoon Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jooyoung%20Kwak"> Jooyoung Kwak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distances between cultures, institutions are gaining academic attention once again since the classical debate on the validity of globalization. Despite the incessant efforts to define international segments with various concepts, no significant attempts have been made considering the institutional dimensions. Resource-based theory and institutional theory provides useful insights in assessing market environment and understanding when and how MNEs loose or gain advantages. This study consists of two parts: identifying institutional clusters and predicting the effect of MNEs’ origin on the applicability of competitive advantages. MNEs in one country cluster are expected to use similar management systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20theory" title="institutional theory">institutional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource-based%20theory" title=" resource-based theory"> resource-based theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20environment" title=" institutional environment"> institutional environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20dimensions" title=" cultural dimensions"> cultural dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20analysis" title=" cluster analysis"> cluster analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardized%20management" title=" standardized management"> standardized management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20782/institutional-segmantation-and-country-clustering-implications-for-multinational-enterprises-over-standardized-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1596</span> Reforming Corporate Criminal Liability in English Law: Lessons and Experiences from Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Kong%20Shan%20Ho">John Kong Shan Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In June 2022, the Law Commission of England and Wales published an options paper to examine how the law on corporate criminal liability can be reformed under the English system. The paper merely details options for reform and does not seek to make recommendations. However, the paper has ruled out the “respondeat superior” approach of the US and “corporate culture” approach of Australia as reform options. On balance, the preferred reform option of the Law Commission is the “senior officer” approach as currently adopted in Canada. This article is written against such background and argues that due to similarities between the English and Canadian systems, the latter’s approach is more ideal to be adopted by the former as a model for reform in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20criminal%20liability" title="corporate criminal liability">corporate criminal liability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification%20principle" title=" identification principle"> identification principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directing%20mind%20and%20will" title=" directing mind and will"> directing mind and will</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=England" title=" England"> England</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153726/reforming-corporate-criminal-liability-in-english-law-lessons-and-experiences-from-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1595</span> Institutional Capacity and Corruption: Evidence from Brazil </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalson%20Figueiredo">Dalson Figueiredo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enivaldo%20Rocha"> Enivaldo Rocha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranulfo%20Paranhos"> Ranulfo Paranhos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Alexandre"> José Alexandre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper analyzes the effects of institutional capacity on corruption. Methodologically, the research design combines both descriptive and multivariate statistics to examine two original datasets based on secondary data. In particular, we employ a principal component model to estimate an indicator of institutional capacity for both state audit institutions and subnational judiciary courts. Then, we estimate the effect of institutional capacity on two dependent variables: (1) incidence of administrative irregularities and (2) time elapsed to judge corruption cases. The preliminary results using ordinary least squares, negative binomial and Tobit models suggest the same conclusions: higher the institutional audit capacity, higher is the probability of detecting a corruption case. On the other hand, higher the institutional capacity of state judiciary, the lower is the time to judge corruption cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20capacity" title="institutional capacity">institutional capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20level%20institutions" title=" state level institutions"> state level institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence%20from%20Brazil" title=" evidence from Brazil "> evidence from Brazil </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15940/institutional-capacity-and-corruption-evidence-from-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1594</span> Mainland China and Taiwan’s Strategies for Overcoming the Middle/High Income Trap: Domestic Consensus-Building and the Foundations of Cross-Strait Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingke%20Ma">Mingke Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recent discovery of the High-Income Trap phenomena and the established Middle-Income Trap literature have identified the similarity of the structural challenges that both Mainland China and Taiwan have been facing since the simultaneous growth slowdown from the 2000s. Mainland China and Taiwan’s ineffectiveness in productivity growth weakened their overall competitiveness in Global Value Chains. With the subsequent decline of industrial profitability, social compression from late development persists and jeopardises the social cohesion. From Ma Ying-jeou’s ‘633’ promise and Tsai Ing-wen’s ‘5+2’ industrial framework to Mainland China’s 11th to 14th Five-Year Plans, leaderships across the Strait have been striving to constitute new models for inclusive and sustainable development through policy responses. This study argues that social consensuses that have been constructed by the domestic political processes define the feasibility of the reform strategies, which further construct the conditions for Cross-Strait interactions. Based on the existing literature of New Institutional Economics, Middle/High Income Trap, and Compressed Development, this study adopts a Historical Institutionalist analytical framework to identify how the historical path-dependency contributes to the contemporary growth constraints in both economies and the political difficulty on navigating the institutional and Organisational change. It continues by tracing the political process of economic reform to examine the sustainability and resilience of the manifested social consensus that had empowered the proposed policy frameworks. Afterwards, it examines how the political outcomes in such a simultaneous process shared by both Mainland China and Taiwan construct the social, economic, institutional, and political foundations of contemporary Cross-Strait engagement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20institutionalism" title="historical institutionalism">historical institutionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20economy" title=" political economy"> political economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-strait%20relations" title=" cross-strait relations"> cross-strait relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%2Fmiddle%20income%20trap" title=" high/middle income trap"> high/middle income trap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143225/mainland-china-and-taiwans-strategies-for-overcoming-the-middlehigh-income-trap-domestic-consensus-building-and-the-foundations-of-cross-strait-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1593</span> Public Financial Management in Ghana: A Move beyond Reforms to Consolidation and Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Sani%20Abdulai">Mohammed Sani Abdulai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ghana’s Public Financial Management reforms have been going on for some two decades now (1997/98 to 2017/18). Given this long period of reforms, Ghana in 2019 is putting together both a Public Financial Management (PFM) strategy and a Ghana Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS) strategy for the next 5-years (2020-2024). The primary aim of these dual strategies is assisting the country in moving beyond reforms to consolidation and sustainability. In this paper we, first, examined the evolution of Ghana’s PFM reforms. We, secondly, reviewed the legal and institutional reforms undertaken to strengthen the country’s key PFM institutions. Thirdly, we summarized the strengths and weaknesses identified by the 2018 Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment of Ghana’s PFM system relating to its macro-fiscal framework, budget preparation and approval, budget execution, accounting and fiscal reporting as well as external scrutiny and audit. We, finally, considered what the country should be doing to achieve its intended goal of PFM consolidation and sustainability. Using a qualitative method of review and analysis of existing documents, we, through this paper, brought to the fore the lessons that could be learnt by other developing countries from Ghana’s PFM reforms experiences. These lessons included the need to: (a) undergird any PFM reform with a comprehensive PFM reform strategy; (b) undertake a legal and institutional reforms of the key PFM institutions; (c) assess the strengths and weaknesses of those reforms using PFM performance evaluation tools such as PEFA framework; and (d) move beyond reforms to consolidation and sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20financial%20management" title="public financial management">public financial management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20expenditure%20and%20financial%20accountability" title=" public expenditure and financial accountability"> public expenditure and financial accountability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reforms" title=" reforms"> reforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation" title=" consolidation"> consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120006/public-financial-management-in-ghana-a-move-beyond-reforms-to-consolidation-and-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1592</span> The Effects of Expanding the Generosity of the Statutory Sick Leave Insurance: The Case of a French Reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ali%20Benhalima">Mohamed Ali Benhalima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathon%20Elbaz"> Nathon Elbaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Koubi"> Malik Koubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates an expansion of employer-mandated sick leave insurance in the French private sector. We use a difference-in-differences method in which control groups are defined according to the collective bargaining agreement (CBA) employees belong to. Indeed, thanks to complementary insurance provided by CBAs, employees were not affected the same way by the reform. We find significant effects of the reform on sick leave spells lasting at least 7 days, consistently with the reform target. The effects on spells’ duration and frequency are positive and more pronounced for women than for men, for whom the effect on frequency tends to be slightly negative. The effects are also more pronounced for executives and supervisors than less qualified categories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sickness%20absence" title="sickness absence">sickness absence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20agreements" title=" collective agreements"> collective agreements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daily%20sickness%20benefits" title=" daily sickness benefits"> daily sickness benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20economics" title=" labor economics"> labor economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18050/the-effects-of-expanding-the-generosity-of-the-statutory-sick-leave-insurance-the-case-of-a-french-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1591</span> Evaluations of New Public Administration Reforms and Local Government Laws in Turkey in the Context of the Reforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Handan%20Erta%C5%9F">Handan Ertaş</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subject of government reform which is started to be discussed all over the world today has also deeply affected Turkey. Turkey, who aims to come to the level of the developed countries and not to fall behind the change must immediately complete the reform issue. For this, the government needs to be redefined and changed in accordance with the new public administration. In the first part of this study, the new public administration reforms in the world are generally explained and then the reforms in Local Government Regulations in Turkey are evaluated with the method of Content Analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title="reform">reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20administration" title=" local administration"> local administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neo-liberalism" title=" neo-liberalism"> neo-liberalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalisation" title=" globalisation"> globalisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62815/evaluations-of-new-public-administration-reforms-and-local-government-laws-in-turkey-in-the-context-of-the-reforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1590</span> The Politics of Disruption: Disrupting Polity to Influence Policy in Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okechukwu%20B.%20C.%20Nwankwo">Okechukwu B. C. Nwankwo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The surge of social protests sweeping through the globe is a contemporary phenomenon. Yet the phenomenon in itself is not new. Thus, various scholars have over the years developed conceptual frameworks for evaluating it. Adopting and adapting some of these frameworks this paper begins from a purely theoretical perspective exploring the concept and content of social protest within the specific context of Nigeria. It proceeds to build a typology of the phenomenon in terms of form, actors, origin, character, organisation, goal, dynamics, outcome and a whole lot of other variables that are context relevant for evaluating it in an operationally useful manner. The centrality of the context in which protest evolves is demonstrated. Adopting Easton’s systems theory, the paper builds on the assumption that protests emerge whenever and wherever political institutions and structures prove unable or unwilling to transform inputs in form of basic demands into outputs in form of responsive policies. It argues that protests in Nigeria are simply the crystallisation of opposition in the streets. Protests are thus extra-institutional politics. This is usually the case, as elsewhere, where there is no functional institutionalised opposition. Noting that protest, disruptive or otherwise, is an influence strategy, it argues that every single protest is a new opportunity for reform, for reorganisation of state capacities, for modifying rights and obligation of citizens and government to each other. Each reform outcome is, however, only a temporal antecedent. Its extensity gives signal for the next similar protest event. Through providing evidence on how protests in Nigeria create opportunity for reform, for more accountable, more effective governance, the paper shows the positive impact of protests and its importance even in the consolidation effort for the nation’s nascent democracy. Data on protest events will be based on media reports, especially print media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title="democracy">democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialectics" title=" dialectics"> dialectics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20protest" title=" social protest"> social protest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103707/the-politics-of-disruption-disrupting-polity-to-influence-policy-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1589</span> The Reform of Chinese Migration Law and Its Actual Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Jie">Wang Jie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article advances the reform of Chinese migration law through an analysis of the updated and former versions of the Chinese migration law, specifically for the Exit-Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and Regulations on Foreigners’ Permanent Residence in the People’s Republic of China(Exposure Draft), which was most recently issued in 2012 and 2020 respectively. After a fundamental reform of China’s migration law, China’s immigration legal framework has become relatively well developed compared with the previous one. Immigration procedures are available online and these procedures have become relatively simple. Comparative research for the Chinese migration laws has been done during the past several years for its legislation, legal reference for western countries and its preliminary implementation. Some results show that the reform is a superficial one and may not have a practical effect on China’s current immigration legal framework. However, complete results cannot be obtained only through the comparative research of legal definitions. Some practical case studies will also be required to analyze in detail to demonstrate the reasons that some reforms still remain at the superficial level and what further progress is required in China's immigration legal framework. This is a perspective that has been overlooked in most comparative law studies. In the first part, this article will conduct a simple comparative study of the reform of Chinese migration law and use cases studies to illustrate the reform of Chinese migration law. In the second part, this article will point out another perspective that is easily overlooked, that is, how do the Chinese nationals treat the reform: whether it is a legislative advance or a failure, and whether it deepens social tensions between nationals and immigrants. In the third part, the article will discuss Chinese migration law through China’s international law perspective with international organizations, such as International Organization for Migration and International Labour Organization will also be discussed to dialectically judge the reform of Chinese migration law. This article will adopt case and comparative studies to conduct overall research based on the reform of Chinese migration law and try to put forward more constructive advice for China’s immigration legal framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20migration%20law" title="Chinese migration law">Chinese migration law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreigners" title=" foreigners"> foreigners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigration%20legal%20framework" title=" immigration legal framework"> immigration legal framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145950/the-reform-of-chinese-migration-law-and-its-actual-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1588</span> Impact of Normative Institutional Factors on Sustainability Reporting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Dagilien%C4%97">Lina Dagilienė</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article explores the impact of normative institutional factors on the development of sustainability reporting. The vast majority of research in the scientific literature focuses on mandatory institutional factors, i.e. how public institutions and market regulators affect sustainability reporting. Meanwhile, there is lack of empirical data for the impact of normative institutional factors. The effect of normative factors in this paper is based on the role of non-governmental organizations (NGO) and institutional theory. The case of Global Compact Local Network in the developing country was examined. The research results revealed that in the absence of regulated factors, companies were not active with regard to social disclosures; they presented non-systemized social information of a descriptive nature. Only 10% of sustainability reports were prepared using the GRI methodology. None of the reports were assured by third parties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20theory" title="institutional theory">institutional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normative" title=" normative"> normative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20reporting" title=" sustainability reporting"> sustainability reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Global%20Compact%20Local%20Network" title=" Global Compact Local Network"> Global Compact Local Network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6105/impact-of-normative-institutional-factors-on-sustainability-reporting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 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