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December 4 - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-1600_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-1600_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-1600</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-1600_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1601–1900_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1601–1900_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1601–1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1601–1900_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1901–present_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1901–present_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1901–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1901–present_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-1600_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-1600_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pre-1600</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-1600_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1601–1900_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1601–1900_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1601–1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1601–1900_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1901–present_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1901–present_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>1901–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1901–present_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holidays_and_observances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holidays_and_observances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Holidays and observances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holidays_and_observances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">December 4</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 195 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-195" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">195 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Desember" title="4 Desember – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="4 Desember" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Dezember" title="4. Dezember – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="4. Dezember" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A5_4_%D0%BA%D3%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Јаҥар айдыҥ 4 кӱни – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Јаҥар айдыҥ 4 кӱни" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_December" title="4 December – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="4 December" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juovl%C3%A2m%C3%A1%C3%A1nu_4." title="Juovlâmáánu 4. – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Juovlâmáánu 4." data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%A4%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B0_4" title="Ԥхынҷкәынмза 4 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ԥхынҷкәынмза 4" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="4 ديسمبر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="4 ديسمبر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_d%27aviento" title="4 d'aviento – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="4 d'aviento" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="4 Դեկտեմբեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="4 Դեկտեմբեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_de_d%C3%A8cembro" title="4 de dècembro – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="4 de dècembro" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AA_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0" title="৪ ডিচেম্বৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="৪ ডিচেম্বৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_d%27avientu" title="4 d'avientu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="4 d'avientu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_jasypak%C3%B5i" title="4 jasypakõi – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="4 jasypakõi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80" title="4 Декабр – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="4 Декабр" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_dekabr" title="4 dekabr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="4 dekabr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B4_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۴ دسامبر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۴ دسامبر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_D%C3%A9s%C3%A9mber" title="4 Désémber – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="4 Désémber" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AA_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0" title="৪ ডিসেম্বর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৪ ডিসেম্বর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Disimbir" title="4 Disimbir – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="4 Disimbir" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_goe%CC%8Dh_4_ji%CC%8Dt" title="12 goe̍h 4 ji̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="12 goe̍h 4 ji̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="4 декабрь – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="4 декабрь" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="4 снежня – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="4 снежня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="4 сьнежня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="4 сьнежня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="4 दिसंबर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="4 दिसंबर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desyembre_4" title="Desyembre 4 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Desyembre 4" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8" title="4 декември – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="4 декември" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9F%E0%BE%B3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A2%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%A4%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="ཟླ་༡༢ཚེས་༤ཉིན་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཟླ་༡༢ཚེས་༤ཉིན་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._decembar" title="4. decembar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="4. decembar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Kerzu" title="4 Kerzu – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="4 Kerzu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_de_desembre" title="4 de desembre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="4 de desembre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2,_4" title="Раштав, 4 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раштав, 4" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disyembre_4" title="Disyembre 4 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Disyembre 4" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._prosinec" title="4. prosinec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="4. prosinec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvita_4" title="Zvita 4 – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zvita 4" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_di_dicembre" title="4 di dicembre – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="4 di dicembre" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Rhagfyr" title="4 Rhagfyr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="4 Rhagfyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._december" title="4. december – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="4. december" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="4 دجنبر – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="4 دجنبر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juovlam%C3%A1nu_4." title="Juovlamánu 4. – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Juovlamánu 4." data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Dezember" title="4. Dezember – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="4. Dezember" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%AC%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA_4" title="ޑިސެމްބަރު 4 – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޑިސެމްބަރު 4" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._detsember" title="4. detsember – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="4. detsember" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="4 Δεκεμβρίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="4 Δεκεμβρίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_ed_dis%C3%A8mber" title="4 ed disèmber – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="4 ed disèmber" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_4_%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Ацамковонь 4 чи – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ацамковонь 4 чи" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_de_diciembre" title="4 de diciembre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="4 de diciembre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-a_de_decembro" title="4-a de decembro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="4-a de decembro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_diziembri" title="4 diziembri – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="4 diziembri" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abenduaren_4" title="Abenduaren 4 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abenduaren 4" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B4_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۴ دسامبر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۴ دسامبر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_December" title="4 December – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="4 December" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._desember" title="4. desember – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="4. desember" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_d%C3%A9cembre" title="4 décembre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="4 décembre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_desimber" title="4 desimber – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="4 desimber" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_di_Dicembar" title="4 di Dicembar – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="4 di Dicembar" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Nollaig" title="4 Nollaig – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="4 Nollaig" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Mee_ny_Nollick" title="4 Mee ny Nollick – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="4 Mee ny Nollick" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_K%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_ay" title="4 Kırım ay – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="4 Kırım ay" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_an_D%C3%B9bhlachd" title="4 an Dùbhlachd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="4 an Dùbhlachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_de_decembro" title="4 de decembro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="4 de decembro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_4" title="ОагӀой 4 – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ОагӀой 4" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E6%9C%884%E8%99%9F" title="12月4號 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="12月4號" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AB%AA" title="ડિસેમ્બર ૪ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ડિસેમ્બર ૪" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-ngie%CC%8Dt_4-ngit" title="12-ngie̍t 4-ngit – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="12-ngie̍t 4-ngit" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_4" title="Бар сарин 4 – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Бар сарин 4" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%EC%9B%94_4%EC%9D%BC" title="12월 4일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="12월 4일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_4" title="Դեկտեմբերի 4 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեկտեմբերի 4" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%AA_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="४ दिसम्बर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="४ दिसम्बर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._decembra" title="4. decembra – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="4. decembra" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._prosinca" title="4. prosinca – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="4. prosinca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Desember" title="4 Desember – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="4 Desember" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/4ma_di_decembro" title="4ma di decembro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="4ma di decembro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Disemba" title="4 Disemba – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="4 Disemba" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disiembre_4" title="Disiembre 4 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Disiembre 4" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A7%AA" title="ডিসেম্বর ৪ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ডিসেম্বর ৪" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Desember" title="4 Desember – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="4 Desember" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_de_decembre" title="4 de decembre – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="4 de decembre" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_decembre" title="4 decembre – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="4 decembre" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B" title="4 декабры – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="4 декабры" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._desember" title="4. desember – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="4. desember" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_dicembre" title="4 dicembre – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="4 dicembre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8" title="4 בדצמבר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="4 בדצמבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Dh%C3%A9s%C3%A8mber" title="4 Dhésèmber – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="4 Dhésèmber" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B3%AA" title="ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೪ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೪" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disiembri_4" title="Disiembri 4 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Disiembri 4" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="4 დეკემბერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="4 დეკემბერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%B1_4" title="دَسَمبَر 4 – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="دَسَمبَر 4" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_g%C3%B2dnika" title="4 gòdnika – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="4 gòdnika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%9B%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="4 желтоқсан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="4 желтоқсан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Desemba" title="4 Desemba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="4 Desemba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A6%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D1%82%D3%A7%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C_4-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ӧшым тӧлысь 4-ӧд лун – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ӧшым тӧлысь 4-ӧд лун" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-e_ke_santoleaksat" title="4-e ke santoleaksat – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="4-e ke santoleaksat" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_desanm" title="4 desanm – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="4 desanm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%C3%AA_kan%C3%BBna_p%C3%AA%C5%9F%C3%AEn" title="4ê kanûna pêşîn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="4ê kanûna pêşîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2" title="4 ທັນວາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="4 ທັນວາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Decembris" title="4 Decembris – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="4 Decembris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._decembris" title="4. decembris – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="4. decembris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Dezember" title="4. Dezember – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="4. Dezember" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruod%C5%BEio_4" title="Gruodžio 4 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gruodžio 4" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_dex%C3%A9nbre" title="4 dexénbre – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="4 dexénbre" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_december" title="4 december – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="4 december" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._talvikuudu" title="4. talvikuudu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="4. talvikuudu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/04_12" title="04 12 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="04 12" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_4." title="December 4. – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="December 4." data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%AA_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="४ दिसम्बर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="४ दिसम्बर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8" title="4 декември – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="4 декември" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Desambra" title="4 Desambra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="4 Desambra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC_4" title="ഡിസംബർ 4 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡിസംബർ 4" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A5%AA" title="डिसेंबर ४ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डिसेंबर ४" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%90" title="4 ქირსეთუთა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="4 ქირსეთუთა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="4 ديسمبر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="4 ديسمبر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B4_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۴ دسامبر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۴ دسامبر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Disember" title="4 Disember – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="4 Disember" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_ngu%C5%8Fk_4_h%C3%B4%CC%A4" title="12 nguŏk 4 hô̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="12 nguŏk 4 hô̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_4" title="12 сарын 4 – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="12 сарын 4" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%84_%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%87%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC" title="၄ ဒီဇင်ဘာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၄ ဒီဇင်ဘာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_metztli_diciembre" title="4 metztli diciembre – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="4 metztli diciembre" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_december" title="4 december – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="4 december" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_december" title="4 december – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="4 december" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A5%AA" title="डिसेम्बर ४ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="डिसेम्बर ४" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E6%9C%884%E6%97%A5" title="12月4日 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="12月4日" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%27e_dicembre" title="4 'e dicembre – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="4 'e dicembre" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="4 декабрь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="4 декабрь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Deetsember" title="4. Deetsember – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="4. Deetsember" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._desember" title="4. desember – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="4. desember" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._desember" title="4. desember – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="4. desember" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_D%C3%A9zembre" title="4 Dézembre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="4 Dézembre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_de_decembre" title="4 de decembre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="4 de decembre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="4 теле – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="4 теле" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%AA_%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0" title="୪ ଡିସେମ୍ବର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୪ ଡିସେମ୍ବର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-dekabr" title="4-dekabr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="4-dekabr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0" title="4 ਦਸੰਬਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="4 ਦਸੰਬਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disyembre_4" title="Disyembre 4 – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Disyembre 4" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="4 دسمبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="4 دسمبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_di_des%C3%A8mber" title="4 di desèmber – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="4 di desèmber" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="4 ډيسمبر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="4 ډيسمبر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Dezember" title="4. Dezember – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="4. Dezember" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_grudnia" title="4 grudnia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="4 grudnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_de_dezembro" title="4 de dezembro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="4 de dezembro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-dekabr" title="4-dekabr – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="4-dekabr" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Dezemmber" title="4. Dezemmber – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="4. Dezemmber" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_decembrie" title="4 decembrie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="4 decembrie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%C3%B1iqin_qhapaq_raymi_killapi" title="4 ñiqin qhapaq raymi killapi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="4 ñiqin qhapaq raymi killapi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="4. децембер – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="4. децембер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F" title="4 декабря – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="4 декабря" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8B_4" title="Ахсынньы 4 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ахсынньы 4" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%AA_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="४ दिसम्बर – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="४ दिसम्बर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_December" title="4 December – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="4 December" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manthole_4" title="Manthole 4 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Manthole 4" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_dhjetor" title="4 dhjetor – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="4 dhjetor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_di_dic%C3%A8mmiru" title="4 di dicèmmiru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="4 di dicèmmiru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_4" title="දෙසැම්බර් 4 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෙසැම්බර් 4" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_4" title="December 4 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="December 4" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%DA%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="4 ڊسمبر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="4 ڊسمبر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%C3%ADNgong%C3%B3ni" title="4 íNgongóni – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="4 íNgongóni" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._december" title="4. december – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="4. december" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._december" title="4. december – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="4. december" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_grud%C5%84a" title="4 grudńa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="4 grudńa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A4%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="٤ی کانوونی یەکەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="٤ی کانوونی یەکەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="4. децембар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="4. децембар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._12." title="4. 12. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="4. 12." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_D%C3%A9s%C3%A9mber" title="4 Désémber – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="4 Désémber" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._joulukuuta" title="4. joulukuuta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="4. joulukuuta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_december" title="4 december – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="4 december" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disyembre_4" title="Disyembre 4 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Disyembre 4" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_4" title="திசம்பர் 4 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திசம்பர் 4" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_du%C7%A7ember" title="4 duǧember – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="4 duǧember" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="4 декабрь – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="4 декабрь" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%82%83%E1%82%87_4" title="တီႇသႅမ်ႇပႃႇ 4 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="တီႇသႅမ်ႇပႃႇ 4" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_4" title="డిసెంబర్ 4 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డిసెంబర్ 4" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="4 ธันวาคม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="4 ธันวาคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80" title="4 декабр – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="4 декабр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Aral%C4%B1k" title="4 Aralık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="4 Aralık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_dekabr" title="4 dekabr – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="4 dekabr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80" title="4 толсур – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="4 толсур" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="4 грудня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="4 грудня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="4 دسمبر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="4 دسمبر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_nyied_4_hauh" title="12 nyied 4 hauh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="12 nyied 4 hauh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_de_disenbre" title="4 de disenbre – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="4 de disenbre" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_th%C3%A1ng_12" title="4 tháng 12 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="4 tháng 12" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekul_4" title="Dekul 4 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Dekul 4" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._joulukuu_p%C3%A4iv" title="4. joulukuu päiv – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="4. joulukuu päiv" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_di_decimbe" title="4 di decimbe – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="4 di decimbe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_december" title="4 december – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="4 december" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disyembre_4" title="Disyembre 4 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Disyembre 4" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E6%9C%884%E5%8F%B7" title="12月4号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="12月4号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="4טן דעצעמבער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="4טן דעצעמבער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_December" title="4 December – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="4 December" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E6%9C%884%E8%99%9F" title="12月4號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="12月4號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Kanun" title="4 Kanun – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="4 Kanun" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_december" title="4 december – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="4 december" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groud%C4%97_4" title="Groudė 4 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Groudė 4" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E6%9C%884%E6%97%A5" title="12月4日 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="12月4日" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Dekabr" title="4 Dekabr – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="4 Dekabr" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8A%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%94" title="4 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="4 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2310#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=December_4">reviewed</a> on <i>11 January 2025</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256396092">.mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#d8e0ff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{background-color:#2a2a5c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{background-color:#202040}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{background-color:#2a2a5c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{background-color:#202040}}</style> </p> <table class="toccolours floatright" style="text-align:center;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr class="calendar-purple" style=""> <td><a href="/wiki/November" title="November"><<</a> </td> <th colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/January" title="January">>></a> </td></tr> <tr class="calendar-purple" style="border: none;"> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Sunday">Su </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Monday">Mo </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Tuesday">Tu </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Wednesday">We </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Thursday">Th </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Friday">Fr </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Saturday">Sa </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>1</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>2</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>4</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>5</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>6</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>7</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>8</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>9</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">10</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">11</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">12</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">13</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">14</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">15</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">16</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">17</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">18</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">19</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">20</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">21</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">22</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">23</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">24</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">25</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">26</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">27</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">28</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">29</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">30</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">31</a> </td> <td colspan="3">  </td></tr> <tr class="calendar-purple" style=""> <td colspan="7"><b><a href="/wiki/2025" title="2025">2025</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334533">.mw-parser-output .datetableheader{background-color:#eaecf0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .datetableheader{background-color:#363636;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .datetableheader{background-color:#363636;color:white}}</style> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr class="datetableheader"> <td><b>December 4 in recent years</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2024_December_4" title="Portal:Current events/2024 December 4">2024 (Wednesday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2023_December_4" title="Portal:Current events/2023 December 4">2023 (Monday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2022_December_4" title="Portal:Current events/2022 December 4">2022 (Sunday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2021_December_4" title="Portal:Current events/2021 December 4">2021 (Saturday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2020_December_4" title="Portal:Current events/2020 December 4">2020 (Friday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2019_December_4" title="Portal:Current events/2019 December 4">2019 (Wednesday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2018_December_4" title="Portal:Current events/2018 December 4">2018 (Tuesday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2017_December_4" title="Portal:Current events/2017 December 4">2017 (Monday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2016_December_4" title="Portal:Current events/2016 December 4">2016 (Sunday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2015_December_4" title="Portal:Current events/2015 December 4">2015 (Friday)</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Day of the year</div><p><b>December 4</b> is the 338th day of the year (339th in <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap years</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>;  27 days remain until the end of the year. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1600">Pre-1600</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-1600"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/771" title="771">771</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman I</a> dies, leaving his brother <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> as sole king of the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/963" title="963">963</a> – The lay <a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">papal protonotary</a> is elected pope and takes the name <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_VIII" title="Pope Leo VIII">Leo VIII</a>, being consecrated on 6 December after ordination.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1110" title="1110">1110</a> – An army led by <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I of Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_the_Crusader" title="Sigurd the Crusader">Sigurd the Crusader</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sidon" title="Siege of Sidon">Sidon</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1259" title="1259">1259</a> – Kings <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a> agree to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1259)" title="Treaty of Paris (1259)">Treaty of Paris</a>, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1563" title="1563">1563</a> – The final session of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> is held<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nearly 18 years after the body held its first session on December 13, 1545.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1601–1900"><span id="1601.E2.80.931900"></span>1601–1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1601–1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a> – Thirty-eight <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colonists</a> arrive at <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred">Berkeley Hundred</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a>. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1623" title="1623">1623</a> – 50 Christians are executed in <a href="/wiki/Edo_(Tokyo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edo (Tokyo)">Edo</a>, Japan, during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Martyrdom_of_Edo" title="Great Martyrdom of Edo">Great Martyrdom of Edo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lund" title="Battle of Lund">Battle of Lund</a>, becomes the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1745" title="1745">1745</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Charles Edward Stuart</a>'s army reaches <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a>, its furthest point during the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745" title="Jacobite rising of 1745">Second Jacobite Rising</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1783" title="1783">1783</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Fraunces_Tavern" title="Fraunces Tavern">Fraunces Tavern</a> in New York City, U.S. General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> <a href="/wiki/Fraunces_Tavern#Washington's_farewell_to_his_officers" title="Fraunces Tavern">bids farewell to his officers</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mission_Santa_Barbara" title="Mission Santa Barbara">Mission Santa Barbara</a> is dedicated (on the feast day of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Saint Barbara</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791" title="1791">1791</a> – The first edition of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Samuel_Chase" title="Impeachment of Samuel Chase">adopts</a> <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_impeachment" class="mw-redirect" title="Articles of impeachment">articles of impeachment</a> against <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1829" title="1829">1829</a> – In the face of fierce local opposition, British <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Lord William Bentinck</a> issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets <a href="/wiki/Sati_(practise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sati (practise)">sati</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a> is guilty of <a href="/wiki/Culpable_homicide" title="Culpable homicide">culpable homicide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: The 109 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(Confederate_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (Confederate States)">electors</a> of the several states of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> unanimously <a href="/wiki/1861_Confederate_States_presidential_election" title="1861 Confederate States presidential election">elect</a> <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="President of the Confederate States of America">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Alexander H. Stephens</a> as <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="Vice President of the Confederate States of America">Vice President</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a> – American Civil War: Confederate General <a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">James Longstreet</a> lifts his unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Knoxville" title="Siege of Knoxville">siege</a> of <a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee">Knoxville, Tennessee</a> after failing to capture the city.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March to the Sea</a>: <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> cavalry forces defeat Confederate cavalry in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waynesboro,_Georgia" title="Battle of Waynesboro, Georgia">Battle of Waynesboro, Georgia</a>, opening the way for General <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William T. Sherman</a>'s army to approach the coast.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a> – <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> ratifies <a href="/wiki/13th_Amendment_to_the_U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution">13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution</a>, followed two days later by <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">U.S. slaves</a> were legally free within two weeks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a> – Former <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> farmer <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hudson_Kelley" title="Oliver Hudson Kelley">Oliver Hudson Kelley</a> founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as <a href="/wiki/National_Grange_of_the_Order_of_Patrons_of_Husbandry" title="National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry">the Grange</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a> – The American brigantine <a href="/wiki/Mary_Celeste" title="Mary Celeste"><i>Mary Celeste</i></a> is discovered drifting in the Atlantic. Her crew is never found.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a> – Notorious New York City politician <a href="/wiki/Boss_Tweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Boss Tweed">Boss Tweed</a> escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a> – The first edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> is published.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Matabele_War" title="First Matabele War">First Matabele War</a>: A patrol of 34 <a href="/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company" title="British South Africa Company">British South Africa Company</a> soldiers is <a href="/wiki/Shangani_Patrol" title="Shangani Patrol">ambushed and annihilated</a> by more than 3,000 <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_people" title="Northern Ndebele people">Matabele</a> warriors on the <a href="/wiki/Shangani_River" title="Shangani River">Shangani River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Matabeleland" title="Matabeleland">Matabeleland</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1901–present"><span id="1901.E2.80.93present"></span>1901–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1901–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Alpha" title="Alpha Phi Alpha">Alpha Phi Alpha</a> the first intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity for African-Americans was founded at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca, New York</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1st_Grey_Cup" title="1st Grey Cup">First Grey Cup</a> game is played. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Varsity_Blues" title="Toronto Varsity Blues">Varsity Blues</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Parkdale_Canoe_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club">Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club</a>, 26–6.</li> <li>1909 – The <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> club, the oldest surviving professional hockey franchise in the world, is founded as a charter member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_Association" title="National Hockey Association">National Hockey Association</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Finland" title="Senate of Finland">Finnish Senate</a> submits to the Parliament of Finland a proposal for the form of government of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Finland">Republic of Finland</a> and issued a communication to Parliament declaring the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Finland" title="Independence of Finland">independence of Finland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> – U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> sails for the World War I peace talks in <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>, becoming the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">US president</a> to travel to Europe while in office.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_War_of_Independence" title="Ukrainian War of Independence">Ukrainian War of Independence</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Polonsky_conspiracy" title="Polonsky conspiracy">Polonsky conspiracy</a> is initiated, with an attempt to assassinate the high command of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Insurgent_Army_of_Ukraine" title="Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine">Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Cosmo Gordon Lang</a> was enthroned as the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, the first bachelor to be appointed in 150 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Time1928_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time1928-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Nelson_(28)" title="HMS Nelson (28)">HMS <i>Nelson</i></a> is struck by a <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mine</a> (laid by <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-31_(1936)" title="German submarine U-31 (1936)"><i>U-31</i></a>) off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> – World War II: <a href="/wiki/Carlson%27s_patrol" title="Carlson's patrol">Carlson's patrol</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a> ends.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> – World War II: In <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, resistance leader Marshal <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> proclaims a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile</a>.</li> <li>1943 – World War II: U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> closes down the <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a>, because of the high levels of wartime employment in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> – By a vote of 65–7, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> approves United States <a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_United_Nations" title="United States and the United Nations">participation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/SS_Kiangya" title="SS Kiangya">SS <i>Kiangya</i></a>, carrying <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist</a> refugees from <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, explodes in the <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_River" title="Huangpu River">Huangpu River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Duncan_George_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Duncan George Stewart">Sir Duncan George Stewart</a>, governor of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony of Sarawak</a>, was fatally stabbed by a member of the <a href="/wiki/Rukun_13" title="Rukun 13">Rukun 13</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> – <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jesse_L._Brown" title="Jesse L. Brown">Jesse L. Brown</a> (the 1st African-American Naval aviator) is killed in action during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chosin_Reservoir" title="Battle of Chosin Reservoir">Battle of Chosin Reservoir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1950 – Korean War: <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> photographer <a href="/wiki/Max_Desfor" title="Max Desfor">Max Desfor</a> photographs hundreds of Korean refugees crossing a downed bridge in the <a href="/wiki/Taedong_River" title="Taedong River">Taedong River</a>: <a href="/wiki/1951_Pulitzer_Prize" title="1951 Pulitzer Prize">1951 Pulitzer Prize</a> winner <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_Refugees_Across_Wrecked_Bridge_in_Korea" title="Flight of Refugees Across Wrecked Bridge in Korea">Flight of Refugees Across Wrecked Bridge in Korea</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pulitzer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulitzer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Million_Dollar_Quartet" title="Million Dollar Quartet">Million Dollar Quartet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>) get together at <a href="/wiki/Sun_Studio" title="Sun Studio">Sun Studio</a> for the first and last time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a> – <a href="/wiki/Free_Speech_Movement" title="Free Speech Movement">Free Speech Movement</a>: Police arrest over 800 students at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, following their takeover and sit-in at the administration building in protest of the <a href="/wiki/Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Regents of the University of California">UC Regents</a>' decision to forbid protests on UC property.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a> – Launch of <a href="/wiki/Gemini_7" title="Gemini 7">Gemini 7</a> with crew members <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a>. The Gemini 7 spacecraft was the passive target for the first crewed <a href="/wiki/Space_rendezvous" title="Space rendezvous">space rendezvous</a> performed by the crew of <a href="/wiki/Gemini_6A" title="Gemini 6A">Gemini 6A</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> – <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a> members <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Fred Hampton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Clark_(Black_Panther)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Clark (Black Panther)">Mark Clark</a> are shot and killed during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers.</li> <li>1971 – The <a href="/wiki/PNS_Ghazi" title="PNS Ghazi">PNS <i>Ghazi</i></a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Pakistan Navy</a> submarine, sinks during the course of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Naval_War_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971</a>.</li> <li>1971 – During a concert by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">The Mothers of Invention</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Montreux_Casino" title="Montreux Casino">Montreux Casino</a>, an audience member fires a <a href="/wiki/Flare_gun" title="Flare gun">flare gun</a> into the ceiling, causing a fire that destroys the venue. The incident served as the inspiration for <a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a>'s 1973 song <a href="/wiki/Smoke_on_the_Water" title="Smoke on the Water">Smoke on the Water</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martinair_Flight_138" title="Martinair Flight 138">Martinair Flight 138</a> crashes into the <a href="/wiki/Saptha_Kanya" title="Saptha Kanya">Saptha Kanya</a> mountain range in <a href="/wiki/Maskeliya" title="Maskeliya">Maskeliya</a>, Sri Lanka, killing 191.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-B%C3%A9del_Bokassa" title="Jean-Bédel Bokassa">Jean-Bédel Bokassa</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central African Empire</a>.</li> <li>1977 – <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Airline_System_Flight_653" title="Malaysian Airline System Flight 653">Malaysian Airline System Flight 653</a> is hijacked and crashes in Tanjong Kupang, <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>, killing 100.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> – Following the <a href="/wiki/Moscone%E2%80%93Milk_assassinations" title="Moscone–Milk assassinations">murder of Mayor George Moscone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Dianne Feinstein</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>'s first female <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Francisco" title="Mayor of San Francisco">mayor</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> – The Hastie fire in <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a> kills three schoolboys and eventually leads police to arrest <a href="/wiki/Bruce_George_Peter_Lee" title="Bruce George Peter Lee">Bruce George Peter Lee</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> – South Africa grants independence to the <a href="/wiki/Ciskei" title="Ciskei">Ciskei</a> "<a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">homeland</a>" (not recognized by any government outside South Africa).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> – The <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> adopts its current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the People's Republic of China">constitution</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a> – <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> aircraft from <a href="/wiki/USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CV-67)" title="USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)">USS <i>John F. Kennedy</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Independence_(CV-62)" title="USS Independence (CV-62)">USS <i>Independence</i></a> attack Syrian missile sites in Lebanon in response to an <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">F-14</a> being fired on by an <a href="/wiki/9K32_Strela-2" title="9K32 Strela-2">SA-7</a>. One <a href="/wiki/A-6_Intruder" class="mw-redirect" title="A-6 Intruder">A-6 Intruder</a> and <a href="/wiki/LTV_A-7_Corsair_II" title="LTV A-7 Corsair II">A-7 Corsair</a> are shot down. One American pilot is killed, one is rescued, and <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Goodman" title="Bobby Goodman">one is captured.</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Army">Sri Lankan Army</a> soldiers <a href="/wiki/1984_Mannar_massacre" title="1984 Mannar massacre">kill</a> 107–150 civilians in <a href="/wiki/Mannar,_Sri_Lanka" title="Mannar, Sri Lanka">Mannar</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> – The MV <i>Amazon Venture</i> oil tanker begins leaking oil while at the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Savannah" title="Port of Savannah">port of Savannah</a> in the United States, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Venture_oil_spill" title="Amazon Venture oil spill">an oil spill</a> of approximately 500,000 US gallons (1,900,000 L).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> – <a href="/wiki/Terry_A._Anderson" title="Terry A. Anderson">Terry A. Anderson</a> is released after seven years in captivity as a hostage in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>; he is the last and longest-held American hostage in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.</li> <li>1991 – <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan American World Airways</a> ceases its operations after 64 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> – <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a>: President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> orders 28,000 U.S. troops to <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Northeast Africa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a> – The <i><a href="/wiki/Unity_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity Module">Unity Module</a></i>, the second module of the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, is launched.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> – Tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/December_2005_protest_for_democracy_in_Hong_Kong" title="December 2005 protest for democracy in Hong Kong">protest for democracy</a> and call on the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Government">government</a> to allow <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal and equal suffrage</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jena_Six" title="Jena Six">Six black youths</a> assault a white teenager in <a href="/wiki/Jena,_Louisiana" title="Jena, Louisiana">Jena, Louisiana</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Islamic insurgents</a> <a href="/wiki/2014_Grozny_clashes" title="2014 Grozny clashes">kill</a> three <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Russia" title="Law enforcement in Russia">state police</a> at a traffic circle before taking an empty school and a "press house" in <a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>. Ten state forces die with 28 injured in gun battles ending with ten insurgents killed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a> – A <a href="/wiki/2015_Cairo_restaurant_fire" title="2015 Cairo restaurant fire">firebomb</a> is thrown into a restaurant in the Egyptian capital of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, killing 17 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fire" title="Thomas Fire">Thomas Fire</a> starts near <a href="/wiki/Santa_Paula,_California" title="Santa Paula, California">Santa Paula</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. It eventually became the largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_wildfires" title="List of California wildfires">wildfire in modern California history</a> to date after burning 440 square miles (1,140 km<sup>2</sup>) in <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a> Counties.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a> – <a href="/wiki/Semeru" title="Semeru">Semeru</a> on the Indonesian island of Java <a href="/wiki/2021_Semeru_eruption" title="2021 Semeru eruption">erupts</a>, killing at least 68 people.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1600_2">Pre-1600</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pre-1600"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_34" title="AD 34">AD 34</a> – <a href="/wiki/Persius" title="Persius">Persius</a>, Roman poet (d. 62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/846" title="846">846</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hasan al-Askari</a> 11th <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a> of Twelver Shia Islam (d. 874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1428" title="1428">1428</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernard_VII,_Lord_of_Lippe" title="Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe">Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe</a> (d. 1511)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1506" title="1506">1506</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Darcy,_1st_Baron_Darcy_of_Chiche" title="Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Chiche">Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Chiche</a> (d. 1558)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1555" title="1555">1555</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Meibom_(poet)" title="Heinrich Meibom (poet)">Heinrich Meibom</a>, German poet and historian (d. 1625)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Nun_of_Monza" title="The Nun of Monza">Sister Virginia Maria</a>, Italian nun (d. 1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Argall" title="Samuel Argall">Samuel Argall</a>, English adventurer and naval officer (d. 1626)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Cotton_(minister)" title="John Cotton (minister)">John Cotton</a>, English-American minister and theologian (d. 1652)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chapelain" title="Jean Chapelain">Jean Chapelain</a>, French poet and critic (d. 1674)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1601–1900_2"><span id="1601.E2.80.931900_2"></span>1601–1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1601–1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Eberlin" title="Daniel Eberlin">Daniel Eberlin</a>, German composer (d. 1715)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Campra" title="André Campra">André Campra</a>, French composer and conductor (d. 1744)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Pignolet_de_Mont%C3%A9clair" title="Michel Pignolet de Montéclair">Michel Pignolet de Montéclair</a>, French composer and educator (d. 1737)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Aislabie" title="John Aislabie">John Aislabie</a>, English politician, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> (d. 1742)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gasparo_Gozzi" title="Gasparo Gozzi">Gasparo Gozzi</a>, Italian playwright and critic (d. 1786)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Zinn" title="Johann Gottfried Zinn">Johann Gottfried Zinn</a>, German anatomist and botanist (d. 1759)<sup id="cite_ref-автоссылка1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-автоссылка1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juliette_R%C3%A9camier" title="Juliette Récamier">Juliette Récamier</a>, French businesswoman (d. 1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a>, Scottish-English historian, philosopher, and academic (d. 1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1798" title="1798">1798</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Jules Armand Dufaure</a>, French lawyer and politician, 33rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> (d. 1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817" title="1817">1817</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikoloz_Baratashvili" title="Nikoloz Baratashvili">Nikoloz Baratashvili</a>, Georgian poet and author (d. 1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Butler_(novelist)" title="Samuel Butler (novelist)">Samuel Butler</a>, English author and critic (d. 1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xavier_Wernz" title="Franz Xavier Wernz">Franz Xavier Wernz</a>, German religious leader, 25th <a href="/wiki/Superior_General_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior General of the Society of Jesus">Superior General of the Society of Jesus</a> (d. 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Hafstein" title="Hannes Hafstein">Hannes Hafstein</a>, Icelandic poet and politician, 1st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Prime Minister of Iceland</a> (d. 1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edith_Cavell" title="Edith Cavell">Edith Cavell</a>, English nurse, humanitarian, and saint (<a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>) (d. 1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Argyle" title="Stanley Argyle">Stanley Argyle</a>, Australian politician, 32nd <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Victoria" title="Premier of Victoria">Premier of Victoria</a> (d. 1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Burkett" title="Jesse Burkett">Jesse Burkett</a>, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Forbes_Blackadder" title="Agnes Forbes Blackadder">Agnes Forbes Blackadder</a>, Scottish medical doctor (d. 1964)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1875 – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Corbett" title="Joe Corbett">Joe Corbett</a>, American baseball player and coach (d. 1945)</li> <li>1875 – <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rainer Maria Rilke</a>, Austrian-Swiss poet and author (d. 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a> – <a href="/wiki/Morris_Alexander" title="Morris Alexander">Morris Alexander</a>, South African politician (d. 1946)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erwin_von_Witzleben" title="Erwin von Witzleben">Erwin von Witzleben</a>, Polish-German field marshal (d. 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constance_Davey" title="Constance Davey">Constance Davey</a>, Australian psychologist (d. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a> – <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Susannah_Prichard" title="Katharine Susannah Prichard">Katharine Susannah Prichard</a>, Australian author and playwright (d. 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a> – <a href="/wiki/R._C._Majumdar" title="R. C. Majumdar">R. C. Majumdar</a>, Indian historian (d. 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> – <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Carney" title="Winifred Carney">Winifred Carney</a>, Irish suffragist, trade unionist, and Irish republican (d. 1943)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>, Spanish general and dictator, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> (d. 1975)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1892 – <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bocheng" title="Liu Bocheng">Liu Bocheng</a>, Chinese commander and politician (d. 1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Read" title="Herbert Read">Herbert Read</a>, English poet and critic (d. 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> – <a href="/wiki/Feng_Youlan" title="Feng Youlan">Feng Youlan</a>, Chinese philosopher and academic (d. 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redfield" title="Robert Redfield">Robert Redfield</a>, American anthropologist of Mexico (d. 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl-G%C3%BCnther_Heimsoth" title="Karl-Günther Heimsoth">Karl-Günther Heimsoth</a>, German physician and politician (d. 1934)</li> <li>1899 – <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Spencer" title="Charlie Spencer">Charlie Spencer</a>, English footballer and manager (d. 1953)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1901–present_2"><span id="1901.E2.80.93present_2"></span>1901–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1901–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Woolrich" title="Cornell Woolrich">Cornell Woolrich</a>, American author (d. 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Norden" title="Albert Norden">Albert Norden</a>, German journalist and politician (d. 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a>, American bacteriologist and geneticist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alex_North" title="Alex North">Alex North</a>, American composer and conductor (d. 1991)</li> <li>1910 – <a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a>, Indian lawyer and politician, 6th <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> (d. 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pappy_Boyington" title="Pappy Boyington">Pappy Boyington</a>, American colonel and pilot, <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipient (d. 1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mark_Robson_(film_director)" title="Mark Robson (film director)">Mark Robson</a>, Canadian-American director and producer (d. 1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hausner" title="Rudolf Hausner">Rudolf Hausner</a>, Austrian painter and sculptor (d. 1995)</li> <li>1914 – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Renoir" title="Claude Renoir">Claude Renoir</a>, French cinematographer (d. 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Heywood" title="Eddie Heywood">Eddie Heywood</a>, American pianist and composer (d. 1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ely_Jacques_Kahn_Jr." title="Ely Jacques Kahn Jr.">Ely Jacques Kahn Jr.</a>, American journalist and author (d. 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> – <a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a>, Indian poet and politician, 12th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> (d. 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Afonso" title="Nadir Afonso">Nadir Afonso</a>, Portuguese painter and architect (d. 2013)</li> <li>1920 – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bates_(actor)" title="Michael Bates (actor)">Michael Bates</a>, English actor (d. 1978)</li> <li>1920 – <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Manford" title="Jeanne Manford">Jeanne Manford</a>, American educator and activist, co-founded <a href="/wiki/PFLAG" title="PFLAG">PFLAG</a> (d. 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a>, Canadian actress and singer (d. 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Keating" title="Charles Keating">Charles Keating</a>, American lawyer and financier (d. 2014)</li> <li>1923 – <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Keys" title="Eagle Keys">Eagle Keys</a>, American-Canadian football player and coach (d. 2012)</li> <li>1923 – <a href="/wiki/John_Krish" title="John Krish">John Krish</a>, English director and screenwriter (d. 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_C._Portman_Jr." title="John C. Portman Jr.">John C. Portman Jr.</a>, American architect, designed the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Square" title="Tomorrow Square">Tomorrow Square</a> (d. 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a>, Canadian-American psychologist and academic (d. 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ned_Romero" title="Ned Romero">Ned Romero</a>, American actor and opera singer (d. 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eakir_Eczac%C4%B1ba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Şakir Eczacıbaşı">Şakir Eczacıbaşı</a>, Turkish pharmacist, photographer, and businessman (d. 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Corbett" title="Ronnie Corbett">Ronnie Corbett</a>, Scottish actor and comedian (d. 2016)</li> <li>1930 – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Hall_(musician)" title="Jim Hall (musician)">Jim Hall</a>, American guitarist and composer (d. 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alex_Delvecchio" title="Alex Delvecchio">Alex Delvecchio</a>, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager</li> <li>1931 – <a href="/wiki/Wally_George" title="Wally George">Wally George</a>, American radio and television host (d. 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roh_Tae-woo" title="Roh Tae-woo">Roh Tae-woo</a>, South Korean general and politician, 6th <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President of South Korea</a> (d. 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> – <a href="/wiki/Horst_Buchholz" title="Horst Buchholz">Horst Buchholz</a>, German actor (d. 2003)</li> <li>1933 – <a href="/wiki/Wink_Martindale" title="Wink Martindale">Wink Martindale</a>, American game show host and producer<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1933 – <a href="/wiki/Dick_Ricketts" title="Dick Ricketts">Dick Ricketts</a>, American baseball and basketball player (d. 1988)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Collins_(television_presenter)" title="Bill Collins (television presenter)">Bill Collins</a>, Australian film critic and author (d. 2019)</li> <li>1934 – <a href="/wiki/Victor_French" title="Victor French">Victor French</a>, American actor and director (d. 1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_O%27Neill_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul O'Neill (politician)">Paul O'Neill</a>, American businessman and politician, 72nd <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a> (d. 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> – <a href="/wiki/Freddy_Cannon" title="Freddy Cannon">Freddy Cannon</a>, American singer and guitarist<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1936 – <a href="/wiki/John_Giorno" title="John Giorno">John Giorno</a>, American poet and performance artist (d. 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> – <a href="/wiki/Max_Baer_Jr." title="Max Baer Jr.">Max Baer Jr.</a>, American actor, director, and producer<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Andre Marrou</a>, American lawyer and politician</li> <li>1938 – <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Minton" title="Yvonne Minton">Yvonne Minton</a>, Australian-English soprano and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_W._Bosworth" title="Stephen W. Bosworth">Stephen W. Bosworth</a>, American academic and diplomat, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to South Korea">United States Ambassador to South Korea</a> (d. 2016)</li> <li>1939 – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Brady_(American-British_writer)" title="Joan Brady (American-British writer)">Joan Brady</a>, American-British author (d. 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Achterberg" title="Gerd Achterberg">Gerd Achterberg</a>, German footballer and manager</li> <li>1940 – <a href="/wiki/Gary_Gilmore" title="Gary Gilmore">Gary Gilmore</a>, American murderer (d. 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marty_Riessen" title="Marty Riessen">Marty Riessen</a>, American tennis player and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Mosley" title="Bob Mosley">Bob Mosley</a>, American singer-songwriter and bass player<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hillman" title="Chris Hillman">Chris Hillman</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1944 – <a href="/wiki/Anna_McGarrigle" title="Anna McGarrigle">Anna McGarrigle</a>, Canadian musician and singer-songwriter</li> <li>1944 – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Migault" title="François Migault">François Migault</a>, French race car driver (d. 2012)</li> <li>1944 – <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Wilson" title="Dennis Wilson">Dennis Wilson</a>, American singer-songwriter, producer, and drummer (d. 1983)<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Bondar" title="Roberta Bondar">Roberta Bondar</a>, Canadian neurologist, academic, and astronaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karina_(Spanish_singer)" title="Karina (Spanish singer)">Karina</a>, Spanish singer/actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jane_Lubchenco" title="Jane Lubchenco">Jane Lubchenco</a>, American ecologist, academic, and diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> – <a href="/wiki/Southside_Johnny" title="Southside Johnny">Southside Johnny</a>, American singer-songwriter<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a>, American actor<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1949 – <a href="/wiki/Jock_Stirrup,_Baron_Stirrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Jock Stirrup, Baron Stirrup">Jock Stirrup, Baron Stirrup</a>, English air marshal and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rn_Kjellemyr" title="Bjørn Kjellemyr">Bjørn Kjellemyr</a>, Norwegian bassist and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gary_Rossington" title="Gary Rossington">Gary Rossington</a>, American guitarist (d. 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1951 – <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Wettig" title="Patricia Wettig">Patricia Wettig</a>, American actress and playwright<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rick_Middleton" title="Rick Middleton">Rick Middleton</a>, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster</li> <li>1953 – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Pfaff" title="Jean-Marie Pfaff">Jean-Marie Pfaff</a>, Belgian footballer and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Todd" title="Tony Todd">Tony Todd</a>, American actor<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d. 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a>, English businessman and politician, former <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></li> <li>1955 – <a href="/wiki/Dave_Taylor_(ice_hockey)" title="Dave Taylor (ice hockey)">Dave Taylor</a>, Canadian-American ice hockey player and manager</li> <li>1955 – <a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Wilson" title="Cassandra Wilson">Cassandra Wilson</a>, American singer-songwriter and producer<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nia_Griffith" title="Nia Griffith">Nia Griffith</a>, Welsh educator and politician, former <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Wales">Shadow Secretary of State for Wales</a></li> <li>1956 – <a href="/wiki/Bernard_King" title="Bernard King">Bernard King</a>, American basketball player and sportscaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raul_Boesel" title="Raul Boesel">Raul Boesel</a>, Brazilian race car driver and radio host</li> <li>1957 – <a href="/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond" title="Eric S. Raymond">Eric S. Raymond</a>, American computer programmer and author</li> <li>1957 – <a href="/wiki/Lee_Smith_(baseball)" title="Lee Smith (baseball)">Lee Smith</a>, American baseball player<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Starikov" title="Sergei Starikov">Sergei Starikov</a>, Russian ice hockey player and coach<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Green_(baseball)" title="David Green (baseball)">David Green</a>, Nicaraguan-American baseball player</li> <li>1960 – <a href="/wiki/Glynis_Nunn" title="Glynis Nunn">Glynis Nunn</a>, Australian heptathlete and hurler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Reich" title="Frank Reich">Frank Reich</a>, American football player and coach</li> <li>1961 – <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Robson" title="Naomi Robson">Naomi Robson</a>, American-Australian television host<sup id="cite_ref-Birth_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birth-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vinnie_Dombroski" title="Vinnie Dombroski">Vinnie Dombroski</a>, American singer-songwriter and musician<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1962 – <a href="/wiki/Gary_Freeman_(rugby_league)" title="Gary Freeman (rugby league)">Gary Freeman</a>, New Zealand rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster</li> <li>1962 – <a href="/wiki/Nixon_Kiprotich" title="Nixon Kiprotich">Nixon Kiprotich</a>, Kenyan runner</li> <li>1962 – <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Richardson_(footballer)" title="Kevin Richardson (footballer)">Kevin Richardson</a>, English footballer and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Bubka" title="Sergey Bubka">Sergey Bubka</a>, Ukrainian pole vaulter<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1963 – <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Heslop" title="Nigel Heslop">Nigel Heslop</a>, English rugby player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a> – <a href="/wiki/Scott_Hastings_(rugby_union)" title="Scott Hastings (rugby union)">Scott Hastings</a>, Scottish rugby player and sportscaster</li> <li>1964 – <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Noble" title="Chelsea Noble">Chelsea Noble</a>, American actress<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1964 – <a href="/wiki/Marisa_Tomei" title="Marisa Tomei">Marisa Tomei</a>, American actress<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lex_de_la_Iglesia" title="Álex de la Iglesia">Álex de la Iglesia</a>, Spanish director, producer, and screenwriter</li> <li>1965 – <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Hollamby" title="Shaun Hollamby">Shaun Hollamby</a>, English race car driver and businessman</li> <li>1965 – <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kirsten" title="Ulf Kirsten">Ulf Kirsten</a>, German footballer and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fred_Armisen" title="Fred Armisen">Fred Armisen</a>, American actor and musician<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1966 – <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hess" title="Andy Hess">Andy Hess</a>, American bass player</li> <li>1966 – <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Malveaux" title="Suzanne Malveaux">Suzanne Malveaux</a>, American journalist<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1966 – <a href="/wiki/Suzette_M._Malveaux" title="Suzette M. Malveaux">Suzette M. Malveaux</a>, American lawyer and academic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Amor" title="Guillermo Amor">Guillermo Amor</a>, Spanish footballer and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tahir_Dawar" title="Tahir Dawar">Tahir Dawar</a>, Pakistani police officer and Pashto poet (d. 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dionne_Farris" title="Dionne Farris">Dionne Farris</a>, American singer-songwriter, producer and actress</li> <li>1969 – <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a>, American rapper, producer, actor, and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Roc-A-Fella_Records" title="Roc-A-Fella Records">Roc-A-Fella Records</a><sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1969 – <a href="/wiki/Plum_Sykes" title="Plum Sykes">Plum Sykes</a>, English journalist and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sussman" title="Kevin Sussman">Kevin Sussman</a>, American actor and comedian<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Briggs" title="Shannon Briggs">Shannon Briggs</a>, American boxer and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jassen_Cullimore" title="Jassen Cullimore">Jassen Cullimore</a>, Canadian ice hockey player</li> <li>1972 – <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABko_Miyamura" title="Yūko Miyamura">Yūko Miyamura</a>, Japanese voice actress and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tyra_Banks" title="Tyra Banks">Tyra Banks</a>, American model, actress, and producer<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Boeijen_(keyboardist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Boeijen (keyboardist)">Frank Boeijen</a>, Dutch keyboard player</li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Mina_Caputo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mina Caputo">Mina Caputo</a>, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player</li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson_(footballer,_born_1973)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jackson (footballer, born 1973)">Michael Jackson</a>, English footballer and manager</li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Steven_Menzies" class="mw-redirect" title="Steven Menzies">Steven Menzies</a>, Australian rugby league player</li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Kate_Rusby" title="Kate Rusby">Kate Rusby</a>, English singer-songwriter and guitarist</li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Corliss_Williamson" title="Corliss Williamson">Corliss Williamson</a>, American basketball player and coach<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tadahito_Iguchi" title="Tadahito Iguchi">Tadahito Iguchi</a>, Japanese baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kristina_Groves" title="Kristina Groves">Kristina Groves</a>, Canadian speed skater</li> <li>1976 – <a href="/wiki/Betty_Lennox" title="Betty Lennox">Betty Lennox</a>, American basketball player<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Agarkar" title="Ajit Agarkar">Ajit Agarkar</a>, Indian cricketer</li> <li>1977 – <a href="/wiki/Darvis_Patton" title="Darvis Patton">Darvis Patton</a>, American sprinter</li> <li>1977 – <a href="/wiki/Morten_Veland" title="Morten Veland">Morten Veland</a>, Norwegian guitarist and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jaclyn_Victor" title="Jaclyn Victor">Jaclyn Victor</a>, Malaysian singer and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ysabella_Brave" title="Ysabella Brave">Ysabella Brave</a>, American singer-songwriter</li> <li>1979 – <a href="/wiki/Jay_DeMerit" title="Jay DeMerit">Jay DeMerit</a>, American soccer player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brian_Cook_(basketball)" title="Brian Cook (basketball)">Brian Cook</a>, American basketball player<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1980 – <a href="/wiki/Viktor_(wrestler)" title="Viktor (wrestler)">Viktor</a>, Canadian wrestler and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brian_Vandborg" title="Brian Vandborg">Brian Vandborg</a>, Danish cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Douglas" title="Nathan Douglas">Nathan Douglas</a>, English triple jumper</li> <li>1982 – <a href="/wiki/Waldo_Ponce" title="Waldo Ponce">Waldo Ponce</a>, Chilean footballer</li> <li>1982 – <a href="/wiki/Ho-Pin_Tung" title="Ho-Pin Tung">Ho-Pin Tung</a>, Dutch-Chinese race car driver</li> <li>1982 – <a href="/wiki/Nick_Vujicic" title="Nick Vujicic">Nick Vujicic</a>, Australian evangelist<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Bartel" title="Jimmy Bartel">Jimmy Bartel</a>, Australian footballer</li> <li>1983 – <a href="/wiki/Chinx" title="Chinx">Chinx</a>, American rapper (d. 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Felton" title="Lindsay Felton">Lindsay Felton</a>, American actress<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1984 – <a href="/wiki/Marco_Giambruno" title="Marco Giambruno">Marco Giambruno</a>, Italian footballer</li> <li>1984 – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Petrakova" title="Anna Petrakova">Anna Petrakova</a>, Russian basketball player</li> <li>1984 – <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_(singer)" title="Jelly Roll (singer)">Jelly Roll</a>, American singer and rapper<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1984 – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Thomas_(offensive_tackle)" title="Joe Thomas (offensive tackle)">Joe Thomas</a>, American football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Brackman" title="Andrew Brackman">Andrew Brackman</a>, American baseball player</li> <li>1985 – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dawson" title="Stephen Dawson">Stephen Dawson</a>, Irish footballer</li> <li>1985 – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_G%C3%B3mez" title="Carlos Gómez">Carlos Gómez</a>, Dominican baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kaija_Udras" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaija Udras">Kaija Udras</a>, Estonian skier</li> <li>1986 – <a href="/wiki/Martell_Webster" title="Martell Webster">Martell Webster</a>, American basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Brown_(actor)" title="Orlando Brown (actor)">Orlando Brown</a>, American actor and rapper<sup id="cite_ref-AP_28-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yeng_Constantino" title="Yeng Constantino">Yeng Constantino</a>, Filipina singer and songwriter</li> <li>1988 – <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Pylyavskyi" title="Andriy Pylyavskyi">Andriy Pylyavskyi</a>, Ukrainian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lukman_Haruna" title="Lukman Haruna">Lukman Haruna</a>, Nigerian footballer</li> <li>1990 – <a href="/wiki/Blake_Leary" title="Blake Leary">Blake Leary</a>, Australian rugby league player</li> <li>1990 – <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sjunin" title="Igor Sjunin">Igor Sjunin</a>, Estonian triple jumper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duje_Dukan" title="Duje Dukan">Duje Dukan</a>, Croatian basketball player<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991 – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Roberson" title="André Roberson">André Roberson</a>, American basketball player<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991 – <a href="/wiki/Max_Holloway" title="Max Holloway">Max Holloway</a>, American mixed martial artist<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991 – <a href="/wiki/Reality_Winner" title="Reality Winner">Reality Winner</a>, American intelligence specialist convicted of espionage<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robin_Bruy%C3%A8re" title="Robin Bruyère">Robin Bruyère</a>, Belgian politician<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992 – <a href="/wiki/Peta_Hiku" title="Peta Hiku">Peta Hiku</a>, New Zealand rugby league player</li> <li>1992 – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Iranzi" title="Jean-Claude Iranzi">Jean-Claude Iranzi</a>, Rwandan footballer</li> <li>1992 – <a href="/wiki/Jin_(singer)" title="Jin (singer)">Jin</a>, South Korean singer, songwriter and actor<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992 – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Musgrove" title="Joe Musgrove">Joe Musgrove</a>, American baseball player<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992 – <a href="/wiki/Blake_Snell" title="Blake Snell">Blake Snell</a>, American baseball player<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lundberg" title="Gabriel Lundberg">Gabriel Lundberg</a>, Danish basketball player<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Belikov" title="Ivan Belikov">Ivan Belikov</a>, Russian footballer</li> <li>1996 – <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Jota" title="Diogo Jota">Diogo Jota</a>, Portuguese footballer</li> <li>1996 – <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Vegas" title="Sebastián Vegas">Sebastián Vegas</a>, Chilean footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kim_Do-yeon_(singer)" title="Kim Do-yeon (singer)">Kim Do-yeon</a>, South Korean singer and actress<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Holliday" title="Jackson Holliday">Jackson Holliday</a>, American baseball player<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1600_3">Pre-1600</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pre-1600"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/530_BC" title="530 BC">530 BC</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>, king of Persia (b. 600 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/749" title="749">749</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a>, Syrian priest and saint (b. 676)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/771" title="771">771</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman I</a>, Frankish king (b. 751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/870" title="870">870</a> – <a href="/wiki/Suairlech_ind_Eidn%C3%A9n_mac_Ciar%C3%A1in" title="Suairlech ind Eidnén mac Ciaráin">Suairlech ind Eidnén mac Ciaráin</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1075" title="1075">1075</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anno_II" title="Anno II">Anno II</a>, German archbishop and saint (b. 1010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1131" title="1131">1131</a> – <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Khayyám">Omar Khayyám</a>, Persian poet, astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher (b. 1048)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1214" title="1214">1214</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_the_Lion" title="William the Lion">William the Lion</a>, Scottish king (b. 1143)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1260" title="1260">1260</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aymer_de_Valence_(bishop)" title="Aymer de Valence (bishop)">Aymer de Valence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a> (b. 1222)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1270" title="1270">1270</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theobald_II_of_Navarre" title="Theobald II of Navarre">Theobald II of Navarre</a> (b. 1238)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1334" title="1334">1334</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a> (b. 1249)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1340" title="1340">1340</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Burghersh" title="Henry Burghersh">Henry Burghersh</a>, English bishop and politician, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor of England</a> (b. 1292)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1341" title="1341">1341</a> – <a href="/wiki/Janis%C5%82aw_(archbishop_of_Gniezno)" title="Janisław (archbishop of Gniezno)">Janisław</a>, Archbishop of Gniezno</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1408" title="1408">1408</a> – <a href="/wiki/Valentina_Visconti,_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans">Valentina Visconti</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Valois,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans">Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1456" title="1456">1456</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Duke_of_Bourbon" title="Charles I, Duke of Bourbon">Charles I, Duke of Bourbon</a> (b. 1401)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1459" title="1459">1459</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_VIII,_Count_of_Holstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolphus VIII, Count of Holstein">Adolphus VIII, Count of Holstein</a> (b. 1401)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Joachim_Rheticus" title="Georg Joachim Rheticus">Georg Joachim Rheticus</a>, Austrian-Slovak mathematician and cartographer (b. 1514)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Willock" title="John Willock">John Willock</a>, Scottish minister and reformer (b. 1515)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1601–1900_3"><span id="1601.E2.80.931900_3"></span>1601–1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1601–1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maerten_de_Vos" title="Maerten de Vos">Maerten de Vos</a>, Flemish painter and draughtsman (b. 1532)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hume" title="Alexander Hume">Alexander Hume</a>, Scottish poet (b. 1560)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ferrar" title="Nicholas Ferrar">Nicholas Ferrar</a>, English trader (b. 1592)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>, French cardinal and politician, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">Chief Minister to the French Monarch</a> (b. 1585)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Drummond_of_Hawthornden" title="William Drummond of Hawthornden">William Drummond of Hawthornden</a>, Scottish poet (b. 1585)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>, English philosopher and theorist (b. 1588)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bartholin" title="Thomas Bartholin">Thomas Bartholin</a>, Danish physician, mathematician, and theologian (b. 1616)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1696" title="1696">1696</a> – <a href="/wiki/Empress_Meish%C5%8D" title="Empress Meishō">Empress Meishō</a> of Japan (b. 1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Gay" title="John Gay">John Gay</a>, English poet and playwright (b. 1685)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1798" title="1798">1798</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Luigi Galvani</a>, Italian physician, physicist, and philosopher (b. 1737)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool</a>, English politician, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (b. 1770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Leamy_(merchant)" title="John Leamy (merchant)">John Leamy</a>, Irish–American merchant (b. 1757)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Daniel_Davis" title="David Daniel Davis">David Daniel Davis</a>, Welsh-English physician and academic (b. 1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gregor_MacGregor" title="Gregor MacGregor">Gregor MacGregor</a>, Scottish soldier and explorer (b. 1786)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Sturgeon" title="William Sturgeon">William Sturgeon</a>, English physicist, invented the <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">electric motor</a> (b. 1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall" title="John Tyndall">John Tyndall</a>, Irish-English physicist and chemist (b. 1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a> – <a href="/wiki/Griffith_Rhys_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffith Rhys Jones">Griffith Rhys Jones</a>, Welsh conductor (b. 1834)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1901–present_3"><span id="1901.E2.80.93present_3"></span>1901–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1901–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dow" title="Charles Dow">Charles Dow</a>, American journalist and publisher, co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_%26_Company" title="Dow Jones & Company">Dow Jones & Company</a> (b. 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivana_Kobilca" title="Ivana Kobilca">Ivana Kobilca</a>, Slovenian painter (b. 1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">Stefan George</a>, German-Swiss poet and translator (b. 1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Halvorsen" title="Johan Halvorsen">Johan Halvorsen</a>, Norwegian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1864)</li> <li>1935 – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Charles Richet</a>, French physiologist and academic, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. 1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tamanishiki_San%27emon" title="Tamanishiki San'emon">Tamanishiki San'emon</a>, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 32nd <a href="/wiki/Yokozuna_(sumo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokozuna (sumo)">Yokozuna</a> (b. 1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juhan_Kukk" title="Juhan Kukk">Juhan Kukk</a>, Estonian politician, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Head_of_State_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State of Estonia">Head of State of Estonia</a> (b. 1885)</li> <li>1942 – <a href="/wiki/Fritz_L%C3%B6hner-Beda" title="Fritz Löhner-Beda">Fritz Löhner-Beda</a>, Jewish Austrian librettist, lyricist and writer (b. 1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bresnahan" title="Roger Bresnahan">Roger Bresnahan</a>, American baseball player and manager (b. 1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a>, American geneticist and biologist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. 1866)</li> <li>1945 – <a href="/wiki/Rich%C3%A1rd_Weisz" title="Richárd Weisz">Richárd Weisz</a>, Hungarian Olympic champion wrestler (b. 1879)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Benford" title="Frank Benford">Frank Benford</a>, American physicist and engineer (b. 1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jesse_L._Brown" title="Jesse L. Brown">Jesse L. Brown</a>, 1st African-American Naval aviator (b. 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Shepherd,_1st_Baron_Shepherd" title="George Shepherd, 1st Baron Shepherd">George Shepherd</a>, 1st Baron Shepherd (b. 1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Galamb" title="József Galamb">József Galamb</a>, Hungarian-American engineer (b. 1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constance_Davey" title="Constance Davey">Constance Davey</a>, Australian psychologist (b. 1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bert_Lahr" title="Bert Lahr">Bert Lahr</a>, American actor (b. 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Fred Hampton</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Black_Panthers" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Panthers">Black Panthers</a> activist (b. 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shunry%C5%AB_Suzuki" title="Shunryū Suzuki">Shunryū Suzuki</a>, Japanese-American monk and educator, founded the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Zen_Center" title="San Francisco Zen Center">San Francisco Zen Center</a> (b. 1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a>, German-American historian, theorist, and academic (b. 1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Bolin" title="Tommy Bolin">Tommy Bolin</a>, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1951)</li> <li>1976 – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a>, English pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1913)</li> <li>1976 – <a href="/wiki/W._F._McCoy" title="W. F. McCoy">W. F. McCoy</a>, Irish soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_S%C3%A1_Carneiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco de Sá Carneiro">Francisco de Sá Carneiro</a>, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 111th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Prime Minister of Portugal</a> (b. 1934)</li> <li>1980 – <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82awa_Walasiewicz" title="Stanisława Walasiewicz">Stanisława Walasiewicz</a>, Polish-American runner (b. 1911)</li> <li>1980 – <a href="/wiki/Don_Warrington_(Canadian_football)" title="Don Warrington (Canadian football)">Don Warrington</a>, Canadian football player (b. 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Block" title="Jeanne Block">Jeanne Block</a>, American psychologist (b. 1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jack_Mercer" title="Jack Mercer">Jack Mercer</a>, American animator, screenwriter, voice actor, and singer (b. 1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Lobel" title="Arnold Lobel">Arnold Lobel</a>, American author and illustrator (b. 1933)</li> <li>1987 – <a href="/wiki/Rouben_Mamoulian" title="Rouben Mamoulian">Rouben Mamoulian</a>, Armenian-American director and screenwriter (b. 1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> – <a href="/wiki/Osman_Achmatowicz" title="Osman Achmatowicz">Osman Achmatowicz</a>, Polish chemist and academic (b. 1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clausen" title="Henry Clausen">Henry Clausen</a>, American lawyer and author (b. 1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Landon" title="Margaret Landon">Margaret Landon</a>, American missionary and author (b. 1903)</li> <li>1993 – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rose_Bird" title="Rose Bird">Rose Bird</a>, American academic and judge, 25th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of California">Chief Justice of California</a> (b. 1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henck_Arron" title="Henck Arron">Henck Arron</a>, Surinamese banker and politician, 1st <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Suriname#Prime_Ministers_of_the_Republic_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Suriname">Prime Minister of the Republic of Suriname</a> (b. 1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> – <a href="/wiki/Iggy_Katona" title="Iggy Katona">Iggy Katona</a>, American race car driver (b. 1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elena_Souliotis" title="Elena Souliotis">Elena Souliotis</a>, Greek soprano and actress (b. 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> – <a href="/wiki/Errol_Brathwaite" title="Errol Brathwaite">Errol Brathwaite</a>, New Zealand soldier and author (b. 1924)</li> <li>2005 – <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Hoffman" title="Gregg Hoffman">Gregg Hoffman</a>, American film producer (b. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> – <a href="/wiki/K._Ganeshalingam" title="K. Ganeshalingam">K. Ganeshalingam</a>, Sri Lankan accountant and politician, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Colombo" title="Mayor of Colombo">Mayor of Colombo</a> (b. 1938)</li> <li>2006 – <a href="/wiki/Ross_A._McGinnis" title="Ross A. McGinnis">Ross A. McGinnis</a>, American soldier, <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipient (b. 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pimp_C" title="Pimp C">Pimp C</a>, American rapper (b. 1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liam_Clancy" title="Liam Clancy">Liam Clancy</a>, Irish singer, actor, and guitarist (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Curtis_Iaukea" title="King Curtis Iaukea">King Curtis Iaukea</a>, American wrestler (b. 1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Pierre" title="Sonia Pierre">Sonia Pierre</a>, Haitian-Dominican activist (b. 1965)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011 – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3crates" title="Sócrates">Sócrates</a>, Brazilian footballer and manager (b. 1954)</li> <li>2011 – <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Sumlin" title="Hubert Sumlin">Hubert Sumlin</a>, American singer and guitarist (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Belov" title="Vasily Belov">Vasily Belov</a>, Russian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1932)</li> <li>2012 – <a href="/wiki/Jack_Brooks_(American_politician)" title="Jack Brooks (American politician)">Jack Brooks</a>, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (b. 1922)</li> <li>2012 – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Calero" title="Miguel Calero">Miguel Calero</a>, Colombian footballer and manager (b. 1971)</li> <li>2012 – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Deane-Drummond" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Deane-Drummond">Anthony Deane-Drummond</a>, English general (b. 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joana_Raspall_i_Juanola" title="Joana Raspall i Juanola">Joana Raspall i Juanola</a>, Spanish author and poet (b. 1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Emerson" title="Claudia Emerson">Claudia Emerson</a>, American poet and academic (b. 1957)</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/wiki/V._R._Krishna_Iyer" title="V. R. Krishna Iyer">V. R. Krishna Iyer</a>, Indian lawyer and judge (b. 1914)</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/wiki/Vincent_L._McKusick" title="Vincent L. McKusick">Vincent L. McKusick</a>, American lawyer and judge (b. 1921)</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Thorpe" title="Jeremy Thorpe">Jeremy Thorpe</a>, English lawyer and politician (b. 1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bennett" title="Bill Bennett">Bill Bennett</a>, Canadian lawyer and politician, 27th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_British_Columbia" title="Premier of British Columbia">Premier of British Columbia</a> (b. 1932)</li> <li>2015 – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Loggia" title="Robert Loggia">Robert Loggia</a>, American actor and director (b. 1930)</li> <li>2015 – <a href="/wiki/Yossi_Sarid" title="Yossi Sarid">Yossi Sarid</a>, Israeli journalist and politician, 15th <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Education (Israel)">Israeli Minister of Education</a> (b. 1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Robins" title="Patricia Robins">Patricia Robins</a>, British writer and WAAF officer (b. 1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shashi_Kapoor" title="Shashi Kapoor">Shashi Kapoor</a>, Indian actor (b. 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_McGrath" title="Bob McGrath">Bob McGrath</a>, American singer and actor (b. 1932)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2022 – <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Tambay" title="Patrick Tambay">Patrick Tambay</a>, French race car driver (b. 1949)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Birgitta_of_Sweden" title="Princess Birgitta of Sweden">Princess Birgitta of Sweden</a>, Swedish royal (b. 1937)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2024 – <a href="/wiki/Brian_Thompson_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Thompson (businessman)">Brian Thompson</a>, American insurance executive (b. 1974)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holidays_and_observances">Holidays and observances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Holidays and observances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Christian <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Ada" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Ada">Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_II" title="Anno II">Anno II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Barbara</a>, and its related observances: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barb%C3%B3rka" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbórka">Barbórka</a>, Miners' Day in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_il-Burbara" title="Eid il-Burbara">Eid il-Burbara</a>, a holiday similar to Halloween in honor of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Saint Barbara</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_degli_Uberti" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernardo degli Uberti">Bernardo degli Uberti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholicism">Eastern Catholicism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Calabria" title="Giovanni Calabria">Giovanni Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruthas_of_Martyropolis" title="Maruthas of Martyropolis">Maruthas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ferrar" title="Nicholas Ferrar">Nicholas Ferrar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmund_(bishop_of_Salisbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmund (bishop of Salisbury)">Osmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigiramnus" title="Sigiramnus">Sigiramnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)" title="December 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)">December 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Day_(India)" title="Navy Day (India)">Navy Day (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Environment_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai Environment Day">Thai Environment Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupou_I_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupou I Day">Tupou I Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNelson2021" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Janet L. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nesjEAAAQBAJ"><i>King and Emperor: A New Life of Charlemagne</i></a>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520383210" title="Special:BookSources/9780520383210"><bdi>9780520383210</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+and+Emperor%3A+A+New+Life+of+Charlemagne&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780520383210&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Janet+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnesjEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGregorovius1903" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tLk4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA348"><i>History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages</i></a>. Vol. III: AD 800–1002. Translated by Gustavus W. Hamilton (2nd English ed.). London: Bell. p. 348.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+City+of+Rome+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.place=London&rft.pages=348&rft.edition=2nd+English&rft.pub=Bell&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Gregorovius&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtLk4AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2014" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Jonathan (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RxyvAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Crusades, 1095-1204</i></a>. London: Routledge. p. ii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315798219" title="Special:BookSources/9781315798219"><bdi>9781315798219</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades%2C+1095-1204&rft.place=London&rft.pages=ii&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781315798219&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRxyvAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichard1979" class="citation book cs1">Richard, Jean (1979). <i>The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780444850928" title="Special:BookSources/9780444850928"><bdi>9780444850928</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Latin+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=North-Holland+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780444850928&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaalouf2012" class="citation book cs1">Maalouf, Amin (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fj0hBQAAQBAJ"><i>The Crusades Through Arab Eyes</i></a>. Translated by Rothschild, Jon. London: Saqi. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780863568480" title="Special:BookSources/9780863568480"><bdi>9780863568480</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades+Through+Arab+Eyes&rft.place=London&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Saqi&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780863568480&rft.aulast=Maalouf&rft.aufirst=Amin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFj0hBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLivingston2022" class="citation book cs1">Livingston, Michael (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nSxlEAAAQBAJ"><i>Crécy: Battle of Five Kings</i></a>. 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"Major Oil Spill on the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina, December 1986". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tUNtGe2mPR4C"><i>National Water Summary 1987—Hydrologic Events and Water Supply and Use</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 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McFarland. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476636474" title="Special:BookSources/9781476636474"><bdi>9781476636474</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Indian+Image+Makers+of+Hollywood&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781476636474&rft.aulast=Berumen&rft.aufirst=Frank+Javier+Garcia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_28-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRose2022" class="citation web cs1">Rose, Mike (4 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2022/12/todays-famous-birthdays-list-for-december-4-2022-includes-celebrities-marisa-tomei-jeff-bridges.html">"Today's famous birthdays list for December 4, 2022 includes celebrities Marisa Tomei, Jeff Bridges"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plain_Dealer" title="The Plain Dealer">The Plain Dealer</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famous+birthdays+for+Dec.+4%3A+Jin%2C+Jeff+Bridges&rft.pub=UPI&rft.date=2022-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FEntertainment_News%2F2022%2F12%2F04%2FFamous-birthdays-for-Dec-4-Jin-Jeff-Bridges%2F7171670081188%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DFamous%2520birthdays%2520for%2520Dec.%2C%252C%2520Jeff%2520Bridges%2520%252D%2520UPI.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrtiz2024" class="citation news cs1">Ortiz, Aimee (November 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/09/movies/tony-todd-dead.html">"Tony Todd, Prolific Actor Best Known for 'Candyman,' Dies at 69"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tony+Todd%2C+Prolific+Actor+Best+Known+for+%27Candyman%2C%27+Dies+at+69&rft.date=2024-11-09&rft.aulast=Ortiz&rft.aufirst=Aimee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F11%2F09%2Fmovies%2Ftony-todd-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/smith-lee">"Smith, Lee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith%2C+Lee&rft.pub=National+Baseball+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaseballhall.org%2Fhall-of-famers%2Fsmith-lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/player/sergei-starikov-8451680">"Sergei Starikov"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sergei+Starikov&rft.pub=National+Hockey+League&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fplayer%2Fsergei-starikov-8451680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birth-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birth_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">State of California. California Birth Index, 1905–1995. Center for Health Statistics, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, California.<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/calbirths?c=search&first=Naomi&last=Robson&spelling=Exact&4_year=&4_month=0&4_day=0&5=female&7=&SubmitSearch.x=27&SubmitSearch.y=20&SubmitSearch=Submit">http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/calbirths?c=search&first=Naomi&last=Robson&spelling=Exact&4_year=&4_month=0&4_day=0&5=female&7=&SubmitSearch.x=27&SubmitSearch.y=20&SubmitSearch=Submit</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nba.com/stats/player/722/career">"Corliss Williamson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corliss+Williamson&rft.pub=National+Basketball+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fstats%2Fplayer%2F722%2Fcareer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wnba.com/player/100484/betty-lennox">"Betty Lennox"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WNBA" class="mw-redirect" title="WNBA">WNBA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Betty+Lennox&rft.pub=WNBA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnba.com%2Fplayer%2F100484%2Fbetty-lennox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nba.com/stats/player/2567/career">"Brian Cook"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brian+Cook&rft.pub=National+Basketball+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fstats%2Fplayer%2F2567%2Fcareer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtopupdates.com/nick-vujicic-man-no-limbs-inspired-millions">"Nick Vujicic – The Man Who Has Inspired Millions - World Top Updates"</a>. <i>Worldtopupdates.com</i>. 26 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worldtopupdates.com&rft.atitle=Nick+Vujicic+%E2%80%93+The+Man+Who+Has+Inspired+Millions+-+World+Top+Updates&rft.date=2017-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldtopupdates.com%2Fnick-vujicic-man-no-limbs-inspired-millions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.complex.com/music/2015/12/chinx-birthday-bash-tribute-party-connecticut">"Chinx's Life Will Be Celebrated With a Birthday Bash and Tribute Party in Connecticut"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Complex_Networks" title="Complex Networks">Complex</a></i>. 2015-12-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208171241/https://www.complex.com/music/2015/12/chinx-birthday-bash-tribute-party-connecticut">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Complex&rft.atitle=Chinx%27s+Life+Will+Be+Celebrated+With+a+Birthday+Bash+and+Tribute+Party+in+Connecticut&rft.date=2015-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.complex.com%2Fmusic%2F2015%2F12%2Fchinx-birthday-bash-tribute-party-connecticut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://music.apple.com/us/artist/jelly-roll/30624911">"Jelly Roll"</a>. <i>Apple Music</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+Music&rft.atitle=Jelly+Roll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusic.apple.com%2Fus%2Fartist%2Fjelly-roll%2F30624911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nba.com/stats/player/1626251/career">"Duje Dukan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duje+Dukan&rft.pub=National+Basketball+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fstats%2Fplayer%2F1626251%2Fcareer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nba.com/stats/player/203460/career">"Andre Roberson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andre+Roberson&rft.pub=National+Basketball+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fstats%2Fplayer%2F203460%2Fcareer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mma/fighter/_/id/2614933/max-holloway">"Max Holloway (Featherweight) MMA Profile"</a>. <i>ESPN.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Max+Holloway+%28Featherweight%29+MMA+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmma%2Ffighter%2F_%2Fid%2F2614933%2Fmax-holloway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044847/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3848398-Reality-Winner-Affidavit-for-Application-of.html#document/p2/a356449">"Reality Winner Affidavit for Application of Search Warrant"</a>. 29 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3848398-Reality-Winner-Affidavit-for-Application-of.html#document/p2/a356449">the original</a> on 2017-09-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reality+Winner+Affidavit+for+Application+of+Search+Warrant&rft.date=2017-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F3848398-Reality-Winner-Affidavit-for-Application-of.html%23document%2Fp2%2Fa356449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lachambre.be/kvvcr/showpage.cfm?section=/depute&language=fr&cfm=cvview54.cfm?key=07323&lactivity=55">"Les Députés: Robin Bruyère"</a> (in French). Brussels, Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)" title="Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)">Chamber of Representatives</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+D%C3%A9put%C3%A9s%3A+Robin+Bruy%C3%A8re&rft.place=Brussels%2C+Belgium&rft.pub=Chamber+of+Representatives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lachambre.be%2Fkvvcr%2Fshowpage.cfm%3Fsection%3D%2Fdepute%26language%3Dfr%26cfm%3Dcvview54.cfm%3Fkey%3D07323%26lactivity%3D55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metro.co.uk/2018/05/23/birthdays-bts-members-jin-suga-j-hope-rm-jimin-v-jungkook-7569045/">"When are the birthdays of the seven BTS members?"</a>. <i>Metro</i>. 23 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joe+Musgrove&rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fplayer%2Fjoe-musgrove-605397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/player/blake-snell-605483">"Blake Snell"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blake+Snell&rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fplayer%2Fblake-snell-605483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nba.com/stats/player/1630994/career">"Gabriel Lundberg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gabriel+Lundberg&rft.pub=National+Basketball+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fstats%2Fplayer%2F1630994%2Fcareer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.tf.co.kr/read/entertain/1711030.htm">"[TF무술년 ENT③] 2018년 주목받을 갓 스무살 스타는 누구?"</a>. <i>The Fact</i> (in Korean). January 2, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915225245/http://news.tf.co.kr/read/entertain/1711030.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Jackson+Holliday+Stats%2C+Age%2C+Position%2C+Height%2C+Weight%2C+...&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fplayer%2Fjackson-holliday-702616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeberdyWaller2020" class="citation book cs1">Peberdy, Robert; Waller, Philip (23 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rKwEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA673"><i>A Dictionary of British and Irish History</i></a>. 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"Catholic Merchants of Early Philadelphia". <i>Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia</i>. <b>64</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">94–</span>103. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44210305">44210305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Records+of+the+American+Catholic+Historical+Society+of+Philadelphia&rft.atitle=Catholic+Merchants+of+Early+Philadelphia&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E94-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.date=1953-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44210305%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Charles+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSiegman2020" class="citation book cs1">Siegman, Joseph (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o_j1DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Rich%C3%A1rd+Weisz%22+jewish&pg=PA270"><i>Jewish Sports Legends: The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Formula+1&rft.atitle=Two-time+Grand+Prix+winner+Patrick+Tambay+passes+away%2C+aged+73&rft.date=2022-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.formula1.com%2Fen%2Flatest%2Farticle.two-time-grand-prix-winner-patrick-tambay-passes-away-aged-73.3LnW39kxLlazb7PqejVpwr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kungahuset.se/arkiv/uttalanden/2024-12-04-uttalande-av-h.m.-konungen-med-anledning-av-h.k.h.-prinsessan-birgittas-bortgang">"Uttalande av H.M. Konungen med anledning av H.K.H. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+We+Know+About+the+Killing+of+Brian+Thompson%2C+UnitedHealthcare+C.E.O.&rft.date=2024-12-04&rft.aulast=Shanahan&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft.au=Colon%2C+Shayla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F12%2F04%2Fnyregion%2Funitedhealthcare-brian-thompson-shooting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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.navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Months" title="Template:Months"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Months" title="Template talk:Months"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Months" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Months"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Months_and_days_of_the_year388" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Months and days of the year</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Today:</b> <a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/2025" title="2025">2025</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=December_4&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page">[refresh]</span></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/January" title="January">January</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_29" title="February 29">29</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">3</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>195 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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