CINXE.COM
Cryospheric Sciences | Silje Waaler
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>Cryospheric Sciences | Silje Waaler</title> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/xmlrpc.php" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Cryospheric Sciences » Feed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Cryospheric Sciences » Comments Feed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Cryospheric Sciences » Posts by Feed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/author/silje-waaler/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-font-awesome-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/fontawesome-free-web/css/fontawesome.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-font-awesome2-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/fontawesome-free-web/css/all.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-font-awesome3-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/fontawesome-free-web/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-open-sans-default-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/open-sans/css/open-sans.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='authors-list-css-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/plugins/authors-list/backend/assets/css/front.css?ver=2.0.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-ui-css-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/plugins/authors-list/backend/assets/css/jquery-ui.css?ver=2.0.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-style-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/style.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-animations-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/css/animations.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/modernizr.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/jquery.stellar.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-stellar-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-json/wp/v2/users/16205" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Silje Waaler" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/Picture1.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/Picture1.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/Picture1.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1430" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1073" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Postdoc Sarah Tingey filtering samples from the portal of Sulitjelma all wrapped up to avoid the chilling katabatic winds from the glacier. [Credit: Silje Waaler]" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/author/silje-waaler/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Cryospheric Sciences" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Author : Silje Waaler" /> <style>#logo {margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;} #logo img {width: 220px; height: 62px;} #header {height: 64px;} #header .menu > li > a,#search-button,#cart-button,.mobile-button {line-height: 62px;} #fixed-header-padding {padding-top: 62px;} @media only screen and (max-width: 982px) { #logo {margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px!important; width: 146.66666666667px; height: 41.333333333333px;} #logo img {width: 146.66666666667px; height: 41.333333333333px;} #header {height: 43.333333333333px !important;} #header .menu > li > a,#search-button,#cart-button,.mobile-button {line-height: 41.333333333333px !important;} #fixed-header-padding {padding-top: 41.333333333333px !important;} }#page-wrapper,.search-outer,.gp-theme .vc_text_separator div {background: #fff;} .sale-triangle {border-right-color: #fff;}a,.error,.required,.menu li a:hover,#search-button.gp-active,#search-button:hover,#mobile-nav-button.gp-active,#mobile-nav-button:hover,#mobile-cart-button:hover,.no-thumbnail:hover,.portfolio-filters li a.gp-active,.portfolio-filters li a:hover,.team-name {color: #0072BC;} .post-loop.sticky:after,#comments .bypostauthor .avatar {border-color: #0072BC !important;} .border-triangle {border-left-color: #0072BC;} ::selection {background: #0072BC;} ::-moz-selection {background: #0072BC;} input[type=button],input[type=submit],input[type=reset],button,.button,blockquote,.meta-tags a,.tagcloud a,.mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-current,#wp-calendar #today,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers:hover,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers.current,ul.page-numbers.single-nav>span.page-numbers,#toTop:hover {background: #0072BC;}a:hover,pre,code,.post-loop .entry-header h2 a,.portfolio-loop .entry-header h2 a,.post-loop strong a,.related-portfolios h5 a {color: #2c2c2c;} input[type=button]:hover,input[type=submit]:hover,input[type=reset]:hover,button:hover,.button:hover,.meta-tags a:hover,.tagcloud a:hover,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers,#toTop,.gp-theme .vc-carousel .vc-carousel-indicators li { background: #2c2c2c;}body,input,textarea,select,.portfolio-filters li a {color: #747474;}input[type=button],input[type=submit],input[type=reset],button,.button,.button:hover,blockquote,.meta-tags a,.tagcloud a,#wp-calendar #today,#toTop,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers:hover,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers.current,ul.page-numbers.single-nav>span.page-numbers {color: #fff;} ::selection {color: #fff;} ::-moz-selection {color: #fff;}.wp-caption-text,.entry-meta,.entry-meta span:before,.entry-meta a,.comment-text .meta,.gp-theme .wpb_accordion .wpb_accordion_wrapper .ui-state-default .ui-icon:before,.gp-theme .wpb_toggle:before,.gp-theme #content h4.wpb_toggle:before {color: #aaa;}pre,input,textarea,#homepage-slider,.blog-masonry .post-loop,.no-thumbnail,.portfolio-loop,.entry-header.page-header {background: #f7f7f7;} select,.gp-theme #buddypress .standard-form select {background-color: #f7f7f7;}input,textarea,select,fieldset,.search-outer,.post-loop,.entry-header.post-header,.entry-header.page-header,.author-info,.related-posts,.related-portfolios,#comments,#comments ol.commentlist li .comment_container,#new-search,.portfolio-filters,.widget ul li,.gp-theme .wpb_separator,.gp-theme .vc_text_separator,.gp-theme .vc_separator .vc_sep_holder .vc_sep_line {border-color: #e7e7e7;} hr {background: #e7e7e7;}#header {background: #222;} .cart-count {color: #fff;} #header .nav .menu>li>a,#header .nav>.menu>li.fa:before,#search-button,#mobile-nav-button,#mobile-cart-button{color: #fff;} #header .nav .menu>li:hover>a,#header .nav .menu>li.current-menu-item>a,#header .nav .menu>li.fa:hover:before,#header .nav .menu>li.current-menu-item.fa:before,#mobile-nav .menu li a:hover,#search-button.gp-active,#search-button:hover,#mobile-nav-button.gp-active,#mobile-nav-button:hover{color: #ffde00;} .cart-count{background-color: #ffde00;}#header .nav .sub-menu,#mobile-nav {background: #fff;} #header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li>a,#header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li.fa:before,#mobile-nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li>a {color: #32b2c3;} #header .nav .sub-menu li a:hover,#mobile-nav .menu li a:hover {color: #32b2c3;} #header .nav .sub-menu a,#header .nav .sub-menu li.fa:before, #mobile-nav .menu li a, #mobile-nav .menu li.fa:before {color: #747474;} #header .nav .sub-menu a:hover {background: #f7f7f7;} #header .nav .sub-menu,#header .nav .sub-menu a,#header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li,#mobile-nav,#mobile-nav .menu li a {border-color: #e7e7e7;}#top-header {background: #000;} #top-nav .menu>li:before {color: #74747;} #top-header .nav .menu>li>a,#top-header.nav>.menu>li.fa:before,#top-header .social-icons a {color: #eee;} #top-header .nav .menu>li:hover>a,#top-header.nav .menu>li.current-menu-item>a,#top-header.nav .menu>li.fa:hover:before,#top-header .nav .menu>li.current-menu-item.fa:before,#top-header .social-icons a:hover {color: #32b2c3;}#top-header .nav .sub-menu {background: #fff;} #top-header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li>a,#top-header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li.fa:before {color: #32b2c3;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu li a:hover {color: #32b2c3;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu a,#top-header .nav .sub-menu li.fa:before {color: #747474;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu a:hover {background: #f7f7f7;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu,#top-header .nav .sub-menu a,#top-header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li {border-color: #e7e7e7;}#footer-widgets {background: #111;} #footer-widgets .widgettitle {color: #fff;} #footer-widgets {color: #aaa;} #footer-widgets a {color: #fff;} #footer-widgets a:hover {color: #0072BC;}#footer-bottom {background: #2c2c2c;} #footer-bottom {color: #aaa;} #footer-bottom a {color: #fff;} #footer-bottom a:hover {color: #0072BC;}h4 {font-weight: 400;}</style><script>jQuery(document).ready(function($){window.devicePixelRatio>=2&&$(".post-thumbnail img").each(function(){jQuery(this).attr({src:$(this).attr("data-rel")})})});</script><link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/favicons/default/favicon.svg" sizes="any" type="image/svg+xml"><link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/favicons/default/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/favicons/default/favicon_apple.png"><link rel="manifest" href="/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/favicons/default/manifest.webmanifest"></head> <body class="archive author author-silje-waaler author-16205 gp-theme gp-responsive gp-normal-scrolling gp-back-to-top gp-fixed-header gp-header-resize gp-wide-layout gp-header-1 right-sidebar"> <div id="page-wrapper"> <header id="header"> <div class="container"> <div id="logo"> <span class="logo-details">Cryospheric Sciences | Silje Waaler</span> <a href="/" title="EGU Blogs"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/logo.svg" alt="Cryospheric Sciences" width="220" height="62" onerror="this.src='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/logo.png';this.onerror=null;" /> </a> </div> <div id="egu-logo"> Blogs of the <a target="_tab" href="https://www.egu.eu/">European Geosciences Union</a> </div> <nav id="main-nav" class="nav"> <ul id="menu-egu-main-header-navigation" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-999910" class="menu-item-999910"><a href="/geolog/">GeoLog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-999911" class="menu-item-999911"><a href="/network/">Network</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-" class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/gfgd/">Geology for Global Development</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/volcanicdegassing/">VolcanicDegassing</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/water-underground/">WaterUnderground</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-999912" class="megamenu columns-2 current-menu-item menu-item-999912"><a href="/divisions/">Divisions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-999990" class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999990"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/as/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(66, 66, 212)">AS</span> Atmospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/bg/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(26, 77, 4)">BG</span> Biogeosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cl/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(95, 49, 114)">CL</span> Climate: Past, Present & Future</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cr/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(0, 125, 184)">CR</span> Cryospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ere/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(42, 103, 54)">ERE</span> Energy, Resources and the Environment</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/essi/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(106, 74, 150)">ESSI</span> Earth and Space Science Informatics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/g/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(164, 80, 206)">G</span> Geodesy</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gd/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(170, 41, 43)">GD</span> Geodynamics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(73, 126, 116)">GM</span> Geomorphology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gmpv/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(220, 55, 40)">GMPV</span> Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology & Volcanology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-999991" class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999991"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/hs/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(37, 136, 56)">HS</span> Hydrological Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/nh/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 63, 47)">NH</span> Natural Hazards</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/np/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(15, 30, 61)">NP</span> Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/os/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(39, 75, 150)">OS</span> Ocean Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ps/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(147, 45, 117)">PS</span> Planetary and Solar System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(160, 49, 80)">SM</span> Seismology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ssp/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(145, 107, 42)">SSP</span> Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Palaeontology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sss/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(107, 74, 8)">SSS</span> Soil System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/st/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 56, 122)">ST</span> Solar-Terrestrial Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ts/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(190, 84, 9)">TS</span> Tectonics and Structural Geology</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a id="search-button"></a> </nav> <!-- END MAIN NAV --> <a id="mobile-nav-button" class="mobile-button"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a> <!-- END MOBILE NAV BUTTON --> </div> </header><!-- END HEADER --> <div id="fixed-header-padding"></div> <div id="desktop-search" class="search-outer"> <div class="container"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/search/"> <input type="text" name="q" id="s" value="" placeholder="Search" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="" /> <br /> <label><input id="search_all_blogs" type="radio" name="t" value="0"/> Search all blogs</label> <label><input id="search_this_blog" type="radio" name="t" value="1"/> Search this blog only</label> </form> </div> </div> <!-- END SEARCH FORM --> <nav id="mobile-nav"> <div id="mobile-search" class="search-outer"> <form method="get" id="searchform2" action="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/search/"> <input type="text" name="q" id="s2" value="" placeholder="Search" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit2" value="" /> <br /> <label><input id="search_all_blogs2" type="radio" name="c" value="0" /> Search all blogs</label> <label><input id="search_this_blog2" type="radio" name="c" value="1" checked="checked"/> Search this blog only</label> </form> </div> <ul class="menu"><li class="menu-item-999910"><a href="/geolog/">GeoLog</a></li> <li class="menu-item-999911"><a href="/network/">Network</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/gfgd/">Geology for Global Development</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/volcanicdegassing/">VolcanicDegassing</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/water-underground/">WaterUnderground</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu columns-2 current-menu-item menu-item-999912"><a href="/divisions/">Divisions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999990"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/as/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(66, 66, 212)">AS</span> Atmospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/bg/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(26, 77, 4)">BG</span> Biogeosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cl/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(95, 49, 114)">CL</span> Climate: Past, Present & Future</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cr/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(0, 125, 184)">CR</span> Cryospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ere/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(42, 103, 54)">ERE</span> Energy, Resources and the Environment</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/essi/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(106, 74, 150)">ESSI</span> Earth and Space Science Informatics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/g/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(164, 80, 206)">G</span> Geodesy</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gd/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(170, 41, 43)">GD</span> Geodynamics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(73, 126, 116)">GM</span> Geomorphology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gmpv/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(220, 55, 40)">GMPV</span> Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology & Volcanology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999991"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/hs/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(37, 136, 56)">HS</span> Hydrological Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/nh/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 63, 47)">NH</span> Natural Hazards</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/np/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(15, 30, 61)">NP</span> Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/os/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(39, 75, 150)">OS</span> Ocean Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ps/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(147, 45, 117)">PS</span> Planetary and Solar System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(160, 49, 80)">SM</span> Seismology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ssp/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(145, 107, 42)">SSP</span> Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Palaeontology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sss/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(107, 74, 8)">SSS</span> Soil System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/st/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 56, 122)">ST</span> Solar-Terrestrial Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ts/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(190, 84, 9)">TS</span> Tectonics and Structural Geology</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav><!-- END MOBILE MENU --> <header class="entry-header" style="background-position: 50% 50%; background-image: url(https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/08/cropped-cr.jpg)"> <div id="headerimage" class="container"> <div id="headerimage-title" style="left: auto; right: 8.3%; bottom: 13.65%;"> <div id="headerimage-abbr" style="background-color: rgb(0, 125, 184);">CR</div> <div id="headerimage-name" style="color: #333; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)">Cryospheric Sciences</div> </div> </div></header> <nav id="breadcrumb"><div class="container"><a href="/">EGU Blogs</a> » <a href="/divisions/">Divisions</a> » <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr">Cryospheric Sciences</a> » Author Archive</div></nav> <header class="entry-header page-header" style=""> <div class="container"> <img width="80" height="80" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/bio-100x100.jpg" class="avatar avatar-80 photo wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/bio-100x100.jpg 100w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/bio-300x300.jpg 300w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/bio-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/bio-150x150.jpg 150w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/bio-768x768.jpg 768w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/bio-400x400.jpg 400w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/bio.jpg 1518w" sizes="(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px" /><div class="author-meta"> <h1 class="entry-title" style="">Silje Waaler</h1> <h2 class="subtitle" style="">Silje Waaler is a PhD Student at the Arctic University of Norway. Besides being part of METALLICA, Silje is also a doctoral candidate of the MSCA Doctoral Network ICEBIO, which aims to investigate the biogeochemistry and microbiology related to glaciers (MSCA DN 1072761: ICEBIO - Center for Glacial Biome Doctoral Network). Silje’s work revolves around how rock flour generated by glaciers interacts with marine biogeochemical and microbiological cycles. Depending on the parent rock composition, the glacial rock flour can contain both nutrients and trace metals essential, but also potentially harmful to marine organisms. She shares updates on her fieldwork and life as a PhD student in Tromsø primarily through Instagram as @SiljeWaaler. Contact: Silje.s.pedersen@uit.no</h2> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content-wrapper" class="container"> <div id="content"> <div class="post-wrapper blog-masonry"> <article class="post-loop post-16156 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cryo-adventures tag-fieldwork tag-glacier tag-norway tag-nutrients tag-phd tag-sweden tag-trace-metals"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/11/22/crossing-borders/" title="Crossing borders – Glacier fieldwork at Sulitjelma/Salajekna" target="">Crossing borders – Glacier fieldwork at Sulitjelma/Salajekna</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/author/silje-waaler/" title="Posts by Silje Waaler" class="author url fn" rel="author">Silje Waaler</a></span> <span class="meta-date">November 22, 2024</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/11/22/crossing-borders/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/Picture1-533x400.jpg" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2024/11/Picture1-1066x800.jpg" width="533" height="400" alt="Crossing borders – Glacier fieldwork at Sulitjelma/Salajekna" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> <div class="featured_caption">Postdoc Sarah Tingey filtering samples from the portal of Sulitjelma all wrapped up to avoid the chilling katabatic winds from the glacier. [Credit: Silje Waaler]</div> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The time I first set foot at the university, I didn’t expect that two weeks later I would be looking at a backpack more than half my size, turning my back to the shelter of our rental car and walking almost 100 km in the Norwegian Arctic. Howling winds, heavy backpacks, daunting bridges, and endless beauty – that’s how I would describe my first experience with glacier fieldwork. I, Silje Waa ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/11/22/crossing-borders/" class="read-more more-link" title="Crossing borders – Glacier fieldwork at Sulitjelma/Salajekna">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> </div><!-- END POST WRAPPER --> </div><!-- END CONTENT --> <aside id="sidebar"> <div id="text-2" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widgettitle">About</h3> <div class="textwidget"><p>Welcome to the <a href="/divisions/cr/about/">blog</a> of the <a href="http://www.egu.eu/cr/">Cryospheric Sciences (CR) Division</a> of the <a href="http://www.egu.eu">European Geosciences Union</a> (EGU). The aim of the blog is to get you, the reader, excited about all things related to ice, whether it be the tiniest ice crystals, snow drifts, beautiful mountain glaciers or the vast polar ice sheets. Here, the latest fieldwork programmes, research projects or scientific results will be showcased by bloggers from the cryospheric community. The blog is currently run by Loeka Jongejans, Lina Madaj and Maria Scheel. Would you like to write a blog entry about your research? Please get in touch with the editors, Loeka Jongejans (email: loeka.jongejans(at)live.nl), Lina Madaj (email: l.madaj(at)vu.nl) or Maria Scheel (email: maria.scheel(at)envs.au.dk).</p> </div> </div><div id="block-2" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-medium is-resized"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/10/22/its-getting-hot-in-here-ancient-microbes-in-thawing-permafrost/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2021-300x300.png" alt="Blue circle with yellow EGU logo and yellow text saying winner 2021, best blog post, panel vote." class="wp-image-11841" width="300" height="300" srcset="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2021-300x300.png 300w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2021-150x150.png 150w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2021-768x769.png 768w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2021-100x100.png 100w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2021-399x400.png 399w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2021.png 792w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></figure> </div><div id="block-3" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-medium"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/09/06/cryo-adventures-life-and-science-at-a-central-greenland-ice-core-drilling-camp/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2019-300x300.png" alt="Blue circle with yellow EGU logo and yellow text saying winner 2019, best blog post, panel vote." class="wp-image-11847" srcset="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2019-300x300.png 300w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2019-150x150.png 150w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2019-768x769.png 768w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2019-100x100.png 100w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2019-399x400.png 399w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-panel-2019.png 792w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></figure> </div><div id="block-4" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-medium"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/09/02/image-of-the-week-the-journey-of-a-snowflake/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-2016-300x300.png" alt="Blue circle with yellow EGU logo and yellow text saying winner 2016, best blog post." class="wp-image-11850" srcset="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-2016-300x300.png 300w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-2016-150x150.png 150w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-2016-768x768.png 768w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-2016-100x100.png 100w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-2016-400x400.png 400w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-2016.png 792w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></figure> </div><div id="egu_social_media_widget-2" class="widget widget_egu_social_media_widget"><div id="socialmediawidget"> </div></div><div id="s2_form_widget-2" class="widget s2_form_widget"><h3 class="widgettitle">Subscribe to Blog</h3><div class="search"><form name="s2formwidget" method="post" action="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/subscribe/"><input type="hidden" name="ip" value="8.222.208.146" /><span style="display:none !important"><label for="firstname">Leave This Blank:</label><input type="text" id="firstname" name="firstname" /><label for="lastname">Leave This Blank Too:</label><input type="text" id="lastname" name="lastname" /><label for="uri">Do Not Change This:</label><input type="text" id="uri" name="uri" value="http://" /></span><p><label for="s2email">Your email:</label><br><input type="email" name="email" id="s2email" value="" size="20" /></p><p><input type="submit" name="subscribe" value="Subscribe" /></p></form></div></div><div id="egu_division_blogs_widget-2" class="widget widget_egu_division_blogs_widget"><h3 class="widgettitle">EGU Division Blogs</h3><p id="divisionblogswidget"><a title="Atmospheric Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(66, 66, 212);" href="/divisions/as/">AS</a> <a title="Biogeosciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(26, 77, 4);" href="/divisions/bg/">BG</a> <a title="Climate: Past, Present & Future" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(95, 49, 114);" href="/divisions/cl/">CL</a> <a title="Cryospheric Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(0, 125, 184);" href="/divisions/cr/">CR</a> <a title="Energy, Resources and the Environment" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(42, 103, 54);" href="/divisions/ere/">ERE</a> <a title="Earth and Space Science Informatics" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(106, 74, 150);" href="/divisions/essi/">ESSI</a> <a title="Geodesy" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(164, 80, 206);" href="/divisions/g/">G</a> <a title="Geodynamics" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(170, 41, 43);" href="/divisions/gd/">GD</a> <a title="Geomorphology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(73, 126, 116);" href="/divisions/gm/">GM</a> <a title="Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology & Volcanology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(220, 55, 40);" href="/divisions/gmpv/">GMPV</a> <a title="Hydrological Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(37, 136, 56);" href="/divisions/hs/">HS</a> <a title="Natural Hazards" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(117, 63, 47);" href="/divisions/nh/">NH</a> <a title="Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(15, 30, 61);" href="/divisions/np/">NP</a> <a title="Ocean Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(39, 75, 150);" href="/divisions/os/">OS</a> <a title="Planetary and Solar System Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(147, 45, 117);" href="/divisions/ps/">PS</a> <a title="Seismology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(160, 49, 80);" href="/divisions/sm/">SM</a> <a title="Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Palaeontology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(145, 107, 42);" href="/divisions/ssp/">SSP</a> <a title="Soil System Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(107, 74, 8);" href="/divisions/sss/">SSS</a> <a title="Solar-Terrestrial Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(117, 56, 122);" href="/divisions/st/">ST</a> <a title="Tectonics and Structural Geology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(190, 84, 9);" href="/divisions/ts/">TS</a> </p></div><div id="egu_network_blogs_widget-2" class="widget widget_egu_network_blogs_widget"><h3 class="widgettitle">EGU Network Blogs</h3><div id="networkblogswidget"><figure class="networkpreview"><a title="Geology for Global Development" href="/network/gfgd/"> <img height="63" width="147" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/network/gfgd-thumb.jpg" class="preview_Geology for Global Development" alt="Geology for Global Development"/> <figcaption>Geology for Global Development</figcaption></a></figure><figure class="networkpreview"><a title="VolcanicDegassing" href="/network/volcanicdegassing/"> <img height="63" width="147" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/network/volcanicdegassing-thumb.jpg" class="preview_VolcanicDegassing" alt="VolcanicDegassing"/> <figcaption>VolcanicDegassing</figcaption></a></figure><figure class="networkpreview"><a title="WaterUnderground" href="/network/water-underground/"><div class="box"> <img height="63" width="147" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/network/water-underground/wp-content/blogs.dir/31/files/2016/08/cropped-1-1-147x63.jpg" class="preview_WaterUnderground" alt="WaterUnderground"/><div class="ribbon"><span>AGU</span></div></div> <figcaption>WaterUnderground</figcaption></a></figure></div></div> <div id="recent-posts-2" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h3 class="widgettitle">Recent Posts</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2025/03/21/cryosphere-caps-phd-hats-and-the-researchers-that-wear-them-episode-2/">Cryosphere Caps: PhD hats and the researchers that wear them – Episode 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2025/03/07/navigating-the-polar-frontier-effects-of-sea-ice-decline-on-shipping-and-sea-routes/">Navigating the polar frontier: exploring the effects of sea-ice decline on shipping and sea routes in the Arctic</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2025/02/21/cryosphere-caps-phd-hats-and-the-researchers-that-wear-them/">Cryosphere Caps: PhD hats and the researchers that wear them – Episode 1</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2025/01/10/field-notes-from-the-chhota-shigri-glacier-a-journey-of-science-and-survival-in-the-himalaya/">Field notes from the Chhota Shigri Glacier: A journey of science and survival in the Himalaya</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/12/16/uncovering-antarcticas-hidden-subglacial-lake-network-with-satellite-altimetry/">Uncovering Antarctica’s hidden subglacial lake network with satellite altimetry</a> </li> </ul> </div><div id="archives-2" class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widgettitle">Archives</h3> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-2">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-2" name="archive-dropdown"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2025/03/'> March 2025 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2025/02/'> February 2025 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2025/01/'> January 2025 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/12/'> December 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/11/'> November 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/10/'> October 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/09/'> September 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/08/'> August 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/07/'> July 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/06/'> June 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/05/'> May 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/04/'> April 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/03/'> March 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/02/'> February 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2024/01/'> January 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/12/'> December 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/11/'> November 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/10/'> October 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/09/'> September 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/07/'> July 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/06/'> June 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/05/'> May 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/04/'> April 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/03/'> March 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/02/'> February 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2023/01/'> January 2023 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/12/'> December 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/11/'> November 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/10/'> October 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/09/'> September 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/07/'> July 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/06/'> June 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/05/'> May 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/04/'> April 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/03/'> March 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/02/'> February 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2022/01/'> January 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/12/'> December 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/11/'> November 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/10/'> October 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/09/'> September 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/08/'> August 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/07/'> July 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/06/'> June 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/05/'> May 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/04/'> April 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/03/'> March 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/02/'> February 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2021/01/'> January 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/12/'> December 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/11/'> November 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/10/'> October 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/09/'> September 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/08/'> August 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/07/'> July 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/06/'> June 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/05/'> May 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/04/'> April 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/03/'> March 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/02/'> February 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2020/01/'> January 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/12/'> December 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/11/'> November 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/10/'> October 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/09/'> September 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/07/'> July 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/06/'> June 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/05/'> May 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/04/'> April 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/03/'> March 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/02/'> February 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2019/01/'> January 2019 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/12/'> December 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/11/'> November 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/10/'> October 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/09/'> September 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/07/'> July 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/06/'> June 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/05/'> May 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/04/'> April 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/03/'> March 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/02/'> February 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2018/01/'> January 2018 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/12/'> December 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/11/'> November 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/10/'> October 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/09/'> September 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/08/'> August 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/07/'> July 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/06/'> June 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/05/'> May 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/04/'> April 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/03/'> March 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/02/'> February 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2017/01/'> January 2017 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/12/'> December 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/11/'> November 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/10/'> October 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/09/'> September 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/08/'> August 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/07/'> July 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/06/'> June 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/05/'> May 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/04/'> April 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/03/'> March 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/02/'> February 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2016/01/'> January 2016 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/12/'> December 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/11/'> November 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/10/'> October 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/09/'> September 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/08/'> August 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/07/'> July 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/06/'> June 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/05/'> May 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/04/'> April 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/03/'> March 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/02/'> February 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2015/01/'> January 2015 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/2014/12/'> December 2014 </option> </select> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "archives-dropdown-2" ); function onSelectChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value !== '' ) { document.location.href = this.options[ this.selectedIndex ].value; } } dropdown.onchange = onSelectChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </div><div id="categories-2" class="widget widget_categories"><h3 class="widgettitle">Categories</h3><form action="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr" method="get"><label class="screen-reader-text" for="cat">Categories</label><select name='cat' id='cat' class='postform'> <option value='-1'>Select Category</option> <option class="level-0" value="553">Climate Change & Cryosphere</option> <option class="level-0" value="581">Cryo Adventures</option> <option class="level-0" value="762">Cryo Careers</option> <option class="level-0" value="560">Cryo Comm</option> <option class="level-0" value="625">Cryo History</option> <option class="level-0" value="1042">Cryo-Institutes around the World</option> <option class="level-0" value="1323">Cryoscience & Art</option> <option class="level-0" value="529">Cryoscientist life stories</option> <option class="level-0" value="547">Did you know?</option> <option class="level-0" value="22">Editor post</option> <option class="level-0" value="1195">EGU</option> <option class="level-0" value="1594">Fieldwork</option> <option class="level-0" value="132">For Dummies</option> <option class="level-0" value="190">General Public</option> <option class="level-0" value="4">Guest author</option> <option class="level-0" value="105">Highlighted Paper</option> <option class="level-0" value="232">Ice-hot news</option> <option class="level-0" value="45">Image of the Week</option> <option class="level-0" value="338">Interview</option> <option class="level-0" value="220">Joint Post</option> <option class="level-0" value="237">Quirky Ice</option> <option class="level-0" value="157">Regular Author</option> <option class="level-0" value="158">Regular Editor</option> <option class="level-0" value="95">Student Reporter</option> <option class="level-0" value="1">Uncategorized</option> </select> </form><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "cat" ); function onCatChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) { dropdown.parentNode.submit(); } } dropdown.onchange = onCatChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </div> <div id="text-copyright" class="widget widget_text"> <h3 class="widgettitle">Copyright</h3> <div class="textwidget"> <p>Unless otherwise indicated, the content on this blog is licensed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a> licence (CC BY 4.0).</p> <p>See the <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/copyright/">copyright page</a> for more information.</p> <p><a title="Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img width="32" height="32" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/cc.svg" onerror="this.src='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/cc.png';this.onerror=null;" /></a> <a title="Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img width="32" height="32" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/by.svg" onerror="this.src='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/by.png';this.onerror=null;" /></a></p> </div> </div> </aside> </div><!-- END CONTENT WRAPPER --> <footer id="footer"> <div id="footer-bottom"> <div class="container"> <div id="footer-nav" class="nav"> <ul id="menu-footer-navigation" class="menu"><li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/about/">About</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/copyright/">Copyright</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://www.egu.eu/imprint/">Imprint</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://www.egu.eu/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="social-icons"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-geosciences-union" class="fa fa-linkedin" title="Follow EGU on LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/eurogeosciences/" class="fa fa-instagram" title="Follow EGU on Instagram" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/EuroGeosciencesUnion" class="fa fa-youtube" title="Follow EGU on YouTube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/EuropeanGeosciencesUnion" class="fa fa-facebook" title="Follow EGU on Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/@EuroGeosciences" class="fab fa-mastodon" title="Follow EGU on Mastodon" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/egu.eu" class="fab fa-bluesky" title="Follow EGU on Bluesky" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a class="fa fa-rss" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="RSS Feed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/feed/"></a> </div> <div id="copyright"> </div> </div> </div><!-- END FOOTER BOTTOM --> </footer><!-- END FOOTER --> </div><!-- END PAGE WRAPPER --> <script> var _paq = window._paq || []; _paq.push(['setExcludedQueryParams', ["\/.*\/"]]); _paq.push(['disableCookies']); _paq.push(['enableHeartBeatTimer', 5]); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); _paq.push(['trackAllContentImpressions']); function embedTrackingCode() { var u="https://pwk.egu.eu/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'p.pwk']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '13']); _paq.push(['setRequestMethod', 'POST']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.src=u+'j.pwk'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); } setTimeout(function () { embedTrackingCode(); }, 5); </script> <noscript><p><img src="https://matomo.egu.eu/piwik.php?idsite=13&rec=1" style="border:0;" alt="" /></p></noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="gp-custom-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gp_script = {"headerHeight":"62","logoHeight":"62","logoMarginTop":"0","logoMarginBottom":"0","navLineHeight":"62px","headerSizeReduction":"1.5","emptySearchText":"Please enter something in the search box!"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/scripts/custom.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-custom-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-mouse-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/slider.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-slider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="authors-list-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var authorsListAjaxSearch = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/blogs.egu.eu\/divisions\/cr\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"9df79f2486"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/plugins/authors-list/backend/assets/js/front.js?ver=2.0.6.1" id="authors-list-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/plugins/marctv-mediaelement-tracking/js/jquery.me-ga-events.js?ver=1.6" id="jquery.me-ga-events-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/placeholders.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-placeholder-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/jquery.ui.totop.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-back-to-top-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/jquery.isotope.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-isotope-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/cr/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/imagesLoaded.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-images-loaded-js"></script> </body> </html><!-- Performance optimized by Redis Object Cache. Learn more: https://wprediscache.com Retrieved 8554 objects (512 KB) from Redis using Predis (v2.1.2). -->