CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133f9e9be97fce3',cH: 'XjF4DiFrUZ00CblKE7RPLjEesU4V6ebuTq.hJwlk3ZY-1739776421-1.2.1.1-GzTfn3W8Lw39C.upl_LPlg.R5Cqtin6awVk7RYz927PEGn0xBGkmcQOYG3u8Hd5r',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Spilanthes&__cf_chl_tk=sYyjqC5cfDbx719_tu49jjM2MjwlmAn2pqGLK3wJHhw-1739776421-1.0.1.1-XrZhxeArNCQX36QWb_0grCRxV3HiBD6aZNcYlrMgNuI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739776421',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Spilanthes&__cf_chl_f_tk=sYyjqC5cfDbx719_tu49jjM2MjwlmAn2pqGLK3wJHhw-1739776421-1.0.1.1-XrZhxeArNCQX36QWb_0grCRxV3HiBD6aZNcYlrMgNuI",md: "sU2VYQZtcppMj_uLtppJuferPy._jP5.72Pijx3.PJQ-1739776421-1.2.1.1-42iLLzSXEIo5vTj5yGuvf4uAn2h2DumNZiPmZOauAwaz120rbsN29LQ7jkkAtmCMVarvph8fbCi2uPMwIiaMN7X.ub.AvZYdqWOXHTBiWeOW3Um6UkvHarnXCcb6N.pYS6qYjh3RtXwn43N2EdWPh7Y.1LOsj1gLtfmDcYA4gjWR9a3DrxQ.6AK43YQubdhsgyRf23HobBVq_2RKM.gBbbC7g9JrD9x62e7h0.U9GhsHzXdTZIU4qqlhhzSY6K3PC20IjjKwBKeIR.fxmPhG4qVBApF40XeSbzyhfQaWzi0neJV3BufE_78ERq3KGEzt7kMc0nyZDdseU6DswtNGvh1NhSB5vQeFvyu5Vwk3BIiByZzrael8w9zKIzAXu8SmXdmMzAYeqDtRMM7lv__7YeBL1xImwPzqvhZhu80NHg_r8EBex_twuW5SMQZ9KFUv0mI1sCcNbpXA7WNDkub0YkhfgbKqm18v3Q7k7WMGGlyEDaVacMhRe5EbzLyi12tAiA3JiJqyC3pAuXktaHBlJ2WrcuH7CtlTDFs6EFIY.BEiq9aptgOiC0AgConXegBesb_HG4ymnqqkOGjo3nppVTOxGoTVrNsCZSSVfGA.inSwkoccoyRwCweXIgA.PsalHPKEGMR_hy.8ubRx1MXMBJwwQ4z43zjDhXRVq2Q182feqQ37i7nhsNb3nLhN_MyuIby36G1wcAyKxoSMMbDeO9RJsUOp5Kar8Rq69RURI1Ydl.ZG6UkVmzdb_OFDijKswavMeT9Q49C8VEwUa2IQWdB54OfyXdc8ofog1dAb3.LKRH6gY_jim7Q5tFXTe2lwcApIQjk0JCeHZCxWNoXp3fFTMvDSdppewAYW2kLWa5sFyk.Mt9Mvscze2JVu5aHjZVDRGw.LbIaeL.8kbaiJtEFfpGO_pcCJzd.x6fViPYNRQkJ.UpK2m6qWP9DZiZOqsEHz9LRS3nMX7zHRyCjsSihboLFHQy69D4HfyGhOIzZ8xFzeppgk4pxcE34ToMFtNNdH1eRGN1hTgD1uN8_5Mf8zwdR7U9I_UEJgimQ.tPCPxmXVV9bfvgoIzHSezTWqIPiMJ9ZugtY4s3.0W3yFhOltevtCfJhIXxRRgYP4mnKNdkMLKEvj6Vf64kIT9DQdctqVsTmJA7FPOGCB6o2HPhCWydCe_BnvbMZjt8WDazwKa46XtFBXrewER8WvaVgE2yV4ECpWuoioImxZK3gxbAkDTXBX0YDrSPJMs7R2zgAlvU3g_QYw2.o6AEaDtywnOU_bUIvGooia8oy6VFw3oMkNsDtZtxv_sA6s3kgKCaDxbNmKQkzp9eWuJTp6DfiM3vWGPPYwKfCgr0kP4RzwuSGDa2F1slLJ9HVj59YSWu4smEl_7BWYCcgYE16JyAiZThJpdVCpwJ7hUNbeAQsJZ508od_5cyX8rXYn5jC0H_IFmtY4dgQZy2zsz27XSnNlEWwje4d1xbQzRCTAegJFC.0X4yERMZwp.PL9SVezm5pnc3qxJnksDlkk0RQYFlgp.ccFghmNcBC1VxGRH.zbvqPsGzWsvygyHR08Z7ZWBA4xtqOYeFQjWLJxztbvZn8zqPSSwaiaxPqJVVnrQgvsHuercr8TqW_segBzqR7HHa1YS6zTEteTsGYxxYZ4qy90vbBJ2g31k7uzRZO.Rt77Pak26PyCFCk4U9o71Iz5VJAxIMew.ayacj4uEum6Q9r8Hjp5WsD9EZZN56P7t94hq3Hdb_iBvSnG_h73ZK_HF014.DOjIERwWDWL_BSh7TokVwuunkiX3FxiydEzvJo03nPqgaWgx2R6F.0IfgNrKubgY9zWN6VC1BwAmnDQXpE7MUkzO5j4BcB4V2F5HxZ0uFU12ZAya8gHapBby2.zdYLn1pXAyopcAbQtCaQy5Xs0SPhrMElgKktu3iX5cVW7kA",mdrd: "e4x4.49oZarCbpvaT3yl5HXb1HX_TK8S3Rt_8fpStBo-1739776421-1.2.1.1-syfIIGKfgpZJLczZcQNgtuUeQbuqsBLbkh1Yk5tONIUmGmcB7Gq98_bItt1RfNrydzIzHvIgX2f2aYQ0CVSv0E0xPjst_4sPg_ADsn2qG5fcFnOTg83OyQ2zPNYb.2J3smi0wWDjO4bjm83C3LN4fWsLO6i9.JJ4VLIpC5dZGa.tlrCgXx.oMkpvLmBfItSN7NgHa38r7.HB28tubwj1OK7v19h7PGIl9AH6fQw_Rpep.cad0HBRlkh1lGSDX84Y8MKtsyRAiLtpgfmFvCcSx3vaXUaRyi98mH3FCQAFk_QHY6maZWCV56qpeAWGMR.4TkZERgaEc2Rsa6HyQI0fc.S0xROPUSozzMcEjmNbMIcJ4BlnD3s1CaIKyiD4gpQNTo8sjul.F6AAtkJKjObsFo4Dm1yS3W4CJCIQxmfI5lcg262jD.eMKCNKlp1Qj8kV57bhjpJ0iHPOISAx5tRRV1_EAgbFJjOFDaKX0aDUyk2ICyAjyR2XNyD3N23gtP6TikRZveGY.zG6qXWRzW34QzHPLSB7W3AAUGECmeB.CBmQIv0s_iyQt5jJjJE5wRx.T0R1TjisLirqN2FxbY6HajLSZbQvPbBVF1ivs3bupDagwDEmeor37XcILMqt0Wy8gDXcje7qpOc8S4rjWwR0.8fp_sMRmdJRXQg3KyFe4DkTzYtnT31yW_LHYA8Mkw5.jsgti0tqSlso5vdmV3P8wUiLPE29DR26wDUtYIAZx4ox0KXg3lbgnFSBevVTZTyU3us4CgkJpdgz1kT_zU6C5KFopvlebbYiXYqOqgw_vBYlOth2i6eKOgXtzbb8ZO2as8Tn0ZOYvtOyg_rYjd_xnOl_JyjSi82kAXhFIFi0IJw7bb47O2ymI66LkFTTEXdEZrlX45vXNa7epcHsHmqOTwxobq_70OVGqj8caUbOSCnrH6IrkbFqtCrGSbCi12eUO8UmJuA7kE0rsO.ExRiAG43QzOnhRA2p8isc9vZL8yFK2I64kDaQ9k3aIxsJq7NubSq0PK269vH6UBejHjtWM3CNgLqfr8FJqejqmz5Gi4lmv0Z41VFK2UCmVhscHzmCTg0gib_7XvZ1XS02bZrvfiWO0.YMKSzIg4_E7ibx_vgaz6JC_8rsM4Sp2LJre9h27kTvPF7_x_qSz144VdV3zE2d7kfmzUz139Yy8IPebrA3xlMfgK5BkV83KO4NAXZc.9vkiXucQowi3wi4TLLoyFky.pmS8Urwtt4q8PX0bffl0Pe9SlYnbh_8z4koy753Adii7lWFwnfK0rBDqMhzfyrEFM_E2bKH_3BGpUBdbxORWG6NzkCKApVm8NpjPmjj7dCl9SR8eenM2ZodS4kYNu5jUIHmST5w_MkLWUHukTJiJF_TEkgtqU3AwBqLw6hUxcM.QjrfotvA8Tz1RtYgPf8mJDdxw2W9v4QfR4pTaw2Mi3rFfHvbdD_e3jdyvB15Sl4F4.Jaxvp88DoZF79f1gRPFnaVdR1zuOwsPRrSHzmZnW8_bnCoBFfqLwsOPM3NKnkmJxPlDwJZ711K6K0C43EFiL6d77gAiE7om7i8WGOtVGK_pB4PM9TGy6gNM13yeFkBYo7yuscC4HIg81uT2Iqbi3yP5DYFhQXIy5dJEfLgvdO88vje4Y1BubGBwyyQW0dF.tDJjhZpwOGLumWRBkNlnokGNPGju5gpnaOJY9hhZugspNCnbE7ZOZtz5tc304Rd5l7po4l0EUBfOogiiRu3e5Nc4iRoFgGsQ8vNzx_vtTdLvdnqDDhQoHxK96bT9RjJm7m2pOrRTmG_Qyxy.mvTfb3Dc00X43M3Nca75S.D6PmX54VIHDPsZUCrEgGCyxq.V4x4F00FZhDs7JccRhTuNI66.cQkQOWh3dCOQB3LJxgot7HUHFLsiATtivZbz5OOZZl4FufqCCU7wCjqJ4n4GQnJap1qbpsJ2QxDwAn8pQ5PREw5y40raCA93dYrwmgzcnAnP5pLdYpubfWPfw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133f9e9be97fce3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Spilanthes&__cf_chl_rt_tk=sYyjqC5cfDbx719_tu49jjM2MjwlmAn2pqGLK3wJHhw-1739776421-1.0.1.1-XrZhxeArNCQX36QWb_0grCRxV3HiBD6aZNcYlrMgNuI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>