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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія змены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:NewPages"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-Village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Random" title="Паказаць выпадковую старонку [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Выпадковая старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дзе можна атрымаць тлумачэнні."><span>Даведка</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Паведаміць пра памылку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпедыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be.svg" style="width: 7.625em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be.svg" width="117" height="12" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" aria-label="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Адмысловае:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be" class=""><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Змест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Змест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Біяграфічныя_звесткі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Біяграфічныя_звесткі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Біяграфічныя звесткі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Біяграфічныя_звесткі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Навукова-даследчыцкая_дзейнасць" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Навукова-даследчыцкая_дзейнасць"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Навукова-даследчыцкая дзейнасць</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Навукова-даследчыцкая_дзейнасць-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Зноскі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Зноскі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Зноскі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Зноскі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Літаратура" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Літаратура"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Літаратура</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Літаратура-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Спасылкі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Спасылкі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Спасылкі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Спасылкі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Змест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Пераключыць змест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Пераключыць змест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Фрэдэрык Райнес</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 65 мовах." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 моў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فريدريك راينس – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريدريك راينس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فريدريك راينس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريدريك راينس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="فردریک رینز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فردریک رینز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Фредерик Рейнс – балгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фредерик Рейнс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="балгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্রেডেরিক রাইনেস – бенгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রেডেরিক রাইনেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – каталанская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – чэшская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэшская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добры артыкул"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – эсперанта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – баскская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="فردریک رینز – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فردریک رینز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – ірландская" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – галісійская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галісійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="פרדריק ריינס – іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדריק ריינס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रेडेरिक रेन्स – хіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रेडेरिक रेन्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – гаіцянская крэольская" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаіцянская крэольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – венгерская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Ֆրեդերիկ Ռեյնես – армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրեդերիկ Ռեյնես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – іда" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="іда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9" title="フレデリック・ライネス – японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレデリック・ライネス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Фредерик Райнес – казахская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фредерик Райнес" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%84%88%EC%8A%A4" title="프레더릭 라이너스 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레더릭 라이너스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – курдская" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Фредерик Рајнес – македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фредерик Рајнес" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रेडरिक राईन्स – маратхі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रेडरिक राईन्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="فردریک رینز – мазандэранская" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فردریک رینز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандэранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – ніжненямецкая" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ніжненямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रेडेरिक रेन्स – неўары" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रेडेरिक रेन्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неўары" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – нарвежская (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – нарвежская (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – аксітанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксітанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="فریڈرک رینز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فریڈرک رینز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Райнес, Фредерик – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Райнес, Фредерик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रेडेरिक रेन्स – санскрыт" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रेडेरिक रेन्स" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – шатландская" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шатландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Фредерик Рајнес – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фредерик Рајнес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – суахілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Фредерик Райнес – татарская" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фредерик Райнес" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Фредерік Райнес – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фредерік Райнес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="فریڈرک رینز – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فریڈرک رینز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – в’етнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="в’етнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF" title="弗雷德里克·莱因斯 – ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗雷德里克·莱因斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ფრედერიკ რაინესი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრედერიკ რაინესი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines – ёруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Frederick Reines" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ёруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF" title="弗雷德里克·莱因斯 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗雷德里克·莱因斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191922#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Правіць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Паказаць уласна змест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Старонка</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B:%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Размовы пра змест гэтай старонкі (няма такой старонкі) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Змяніць моўны варыянт" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Віды"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=history" title="Ранейшыя версіі гэтай старонкі. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструменты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Інструменты</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дзеянні </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=history"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Агульныя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:WhatLinksHere/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Спіс вікістаронак, якія спасылаюцца сюды [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Сюды спасылаюцца</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" rel="nofollow" title="Нядаўнія змены ў старонках, на якія спасылаецца гэтая старонка [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Звязаныя праўкі</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:SpecialPages" title="Пералік усіх адмысловых старонак [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Адмысловыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&oldid=4463916" title="Нязменная спасылка на гэтую версію гэтай старонкі"><span>Нязменная спасылка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=info" title="Больш звестак пра гэту старонку"><span>Звесткі пра старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&id=4463916&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Інфармацыя пра тое, як цытаваць гэтую старонку"><span>Цытаваць гэту старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25B4%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581"><span>Атрымаць скарочаны URL-адрас</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25B4%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581"><span>Спампаваць QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Друк/экспарт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81"><span>Стварыць кнігу</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=show-download-screen"><span>Спампаваць як PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&printable=yes" title="Друкавальная версія гэтай старонкі [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frederick_Reines" hreflang="en"><span>Вікісховішча</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191922" title="Спасылка на звязаны элемент рэпазітара даных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элемент Вікіданых</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">З Вікіпедыі, свабоднай энцыклапедыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox-a19bde93c376f4b4 vcard" style="width: 23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-above fn" style="">Фрэдэрык Райнес</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="nickname" style="text-align:center; font-style: normal"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P1559" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійская мова">англ.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="en">Frederick Reines</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style=""> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P18" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Frederick_Reines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Frederick_Reines.jpg/305px-Frederick_Reines.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Frederick_Reines.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Дата нараджэння</span></th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P569" class="no-wikidata"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q191922$479FD379-772F-4BC2-9BBE-5D70D49DE8CD" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P569"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/16_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="16 сакавіка">16 сакавіка</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1918-03-16</span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-_2c524fd4f437fba1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_2c524fd4f437fba1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_2cbecd7cc77a826d_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_2cbecd7cc77a826d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922#P569" class="extiw" title="d:Q191922">[…]</a></sup></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Месца нараджэння</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q191922$D6ACE35E-BE8D-495D-96B4-1038DE8DE697" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P19"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96)" title="Патэрсан (Нью-Джэрсі)">Патэрсан</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">акруга Пасейк</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495974" class="extiw" title="d:Q495974">[d]</a></sup></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96" title="Нью-Джэрсі">Нью-Джэрсі</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі">ЗША</a></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Дата смерці</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P570" class="no-wikidata"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q191922$F61A96DE-2BC6-49F9-ADDD-C2ED9BDE918B" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P570"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/26_%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="26 жніўня">26 жніўня</a> <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday">1998-08-26</span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-_2c524fd4f437fba1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_2c524fd4f437fba1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_2cbecd7cc77a826d_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_2cbecd7cc77a826d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922#P570" class="extiw" title="d:Q191922">[…]</a></sup> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">(80 гадоў)</span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Месца смерці</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q191922$F58B32EA-E879-4E85-A4CA-29CF1538DCA4" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P20"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Орындж (Каліфорнія)">Орынж</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6_(%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Орындж (акруга, Каліфорнія)">акруга Орындж</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каліфорнія">Каліфорнія</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі">ЗША</a></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Грамадзянства</th> <td class="adr plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q191922$CCFDE0CF-510F-4219-B572-B53395889971" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P27"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі">ЗША</a></span></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Род дзейнасці</th> <td class="note plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="q191922$C712A63D-1837-4FDB-81EF-7B8F79F00F3A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P106"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Фізік">фізік</a></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$FBAF2D5D-DABE-49F9-8F1F-50E7C12BC391" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P106"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272" class="extiw" title="d:Q1622272">выкладчык універсітэта</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Навуковая сфера</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P101" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізіка">фізіка</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Месца працы</th> <td class="org plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$AC7B0A1F-BFBB-412B-8B6D-EC0234EB32CC" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P108"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%9B._%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Заходні рэзервовы ўніверсітэт імя Л. Кейса">Заходні рэзервовы ўніверсітэт Кейза</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$0424A6C0-D2F2-4E77-8F7F-2D18184F9C27" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P108"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Каліфарнійскі ўніверсітэт у Ірвайне">Каліфарнійскі ўніверсітэт у Ірвайне</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$99798a3d-4459-f067-a2ff-8d833060e3af" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P108"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Лос-Аламаская нацыянальная лабараторыя</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379848" class="extiw" title="d:Q379848">[d]</a></sup></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Альма-матар</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$CCDA4ADF-9EF3-44B1-B653-C1D5C9DFDADF" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%81%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Нью-Ёркскі ўніверсітэт">Нью-Ёркскі ўніверсітэт</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$41D6D245-C734-4FC5-9595-7219DB0E6BE6" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span lang="en"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stevens+Institute+of+Technology&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Stevens Institute of Technology</span></a></span></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657222" class="extiw" title="d:Q657222">[d]</a></sup></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$8F58B64A-9D14-47C9-8C9E-1256496EA73B" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span lang="en"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union+Hill+High+School&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Union Hill High School</span></a></span></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14705895" class="extiw" title="d:Q14705895">[d]</a></sup></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Вядомы як</th> <td class="note plainlist"> адзін з аўтараў эксперыментальнага адкрыцця <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нейтрына">нейтрына</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Член у</th> <td class="note plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$9527B9D0-6A39-4F02-BE43-A3F0DADCA030" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Расійская акадэмія навук">Расійская акадэмія навук</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$E6947E91-8D24-4B2D-A9A6-778E9F4F79E6" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Нацыянальная акадэмія навук ЗША">Нацыянальная акадэмія навук ЗША</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$B65B1B5A-CCFA-485B-8B8C-FC6C11021444" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Амерыканская акадэмія мастацтваў і навук">Амерыканская акадэмія мастацтваў і навук</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$EBF9DDE9-B3CB-4CFF-BE8B-E1055DE3445D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%86%D1%8E_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Амерыканская асацыяцыя садзейнічання развіццю навукі">Амерыканская асацыяцыя садзейнічання развіццю навукі</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_6f91517a68bd0f9b_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_6f91517a68bd0f9b-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$78DD28C0-28E4-4752-9529-B207B5F331F5" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Амерыканскае фізічнае таварыства">Амерыканскае фізічнае таварыства</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_6f91517a68bd0f9b_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_6f91517a68bd0f9b-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Узнагароды</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P166" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Нацыянальны навуковы медаль ЗША">Нацыянальны навуковы медаль ЗША</a> (<a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нобелеўская прэмія"><img alt="Нобелеўская прэмія" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы">Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы</a> (<a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Подпіс</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191922$a53d00d8-40bc-5dea-3e8c-3868bd9b0039" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P109"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Frederick_Reines_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Выява аўтографа" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Frederick_Reines_Signature.svg/150px-Frederick_Reines_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Frederick_Reines_Signature.svg/225px-Frederick_Reines_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Frederick_Reines_Signature.svg/300px-Frederick_Reines_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px solid #DDD; background:#eaeaea;;"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q191922$EBD4BB3E-6DD7-4E59-8795-C44A6181AFDC" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frederick_Reines" title="commons:Category:Frederick Reines"><img alt="Лагатып Вікісховішча" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frederick_Reines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frederick Reines">Медыяфайлы на Вікісховішчы</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Фрэдэрык Райнес</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійская мова">англ.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="en">Frederick Reines</span>; <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/16_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="16 сакавіка">16 сакавіка</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96)" title="Патэрсан (Нью-Джэрсі)">Патэрсан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96" title="Нью-Джэрсі">Нью-Джэрсі</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ЗША">ЗША</a> — <a href="/wiki/26_%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="26 жніўня">26 жніўня</a> <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>, Орындж, акруга Орындж, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каліфорнія">штат Каліфорнія</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ЗША">ЗША</a>) — амерыканскі <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Фізік">фізік</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Прафесар">прафесар</a>, лаўрэат <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы">Нобелеўскай прэміі па фізіцы</a> (1995) за адкрыццё нейтрына. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Біяграфічныя_звесткі"><span id=".D0.91.D1.96.D1.8F.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D1.96.D1.87.D0.BD.D1.8B.D1.8F_.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Біяграфічныя звесткі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Біяграфічныя звесткі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Біяграфічныя звесткі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Нарадзіўся ў Нью-Джэрсі, ЗША ў сям’і яўрэяў-эмігрантаў з Беларусі. Яго бацькі — Ізраіль Райнес і Гусі Коэн — эмігравалі з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Ліда">Ліды</a> і пажаніліся ўжо ў Злучаных Штатах. Дзед з боку бацькі — рабі <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%86%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Іцхак Якаў Райнес">Іцхак Якаў Райнес</a> (1839—1915) — вядомы сваім укладам у станаўленне яўрэйскага рэлігійнага руху Мізрахі. Перад <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Другая сусветная вайна">Другой сусветнай вайной</a> Ізраіль Райнес працаваў на ткацкай фабрыцы. Затым сям’я пераехала ў Хелбарн, штат Нью-Ёрк. </p><p>Фрэдэрык Райнес атрымаў доктарскую ступень па фізіцы ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%81%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Нью-Ёркскі ўніверсітэт">Нью-Ёркскім універсітэце</a> (1944). Затым працаваў у Лос-Аламаскай нацыянальнай лабараторыі ў Нью-Мексіка, дзе праводзіліся атамныя даследаванні (1951). У 1951 Райнес становіцца прафесарам фізікі і дэканам кафедры фізікі Тэхналагічнага інстытута ў Пітсбургу. У 1966—1988 — прафесар Каліфарнійскага універсітэта ў Ірвіне. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Навукова-даследчыцкая_дзейнасць"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.83.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0-.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B4.D1.87.D1.8B.D1.86.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.8F_.D0.B4.D0.B7.D0.B5.D0.B9.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.86.D1.8C"></span>Навукова-даследчыцкая дзейнасць</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Навукова-даследчыцкая дзейнасць" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Навукова-даследчыцкая дзейнасць"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Працуючы ў творчым тандэме з Клайдам Коўэнам, Ф. Райнес займаўся даследаваннем тэорыі нейтрына. Райнес і Коўэн даказалі існаванне нейтрына, прадказанага ў 1930 Вольфгангам Паўлі. У 1951 яны прапаноўвалі выкарыстоўваць для свайго эксперыменту атамную бомбу, але гэты план быў заменены эксперыментамі на ядзерным рэактары ў Паўднёвай Караліне (1955). Падчас гэтых эксперыментаў было пацверджана існаванне <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нейтрына">нейтрына</a>. </p><p>Зарэгістраваў электроннае антынейтрына ў выпрамяненні ад <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ядзерны рэактар">ядзернага рэактара</a> (1956, разам з К. Коўэнам), атмасфернае нейтрына (1965) і усплёскі нейтрына ад <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Звышновая">звышновай зоркі</a> ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Вялікае Магеланава воблака">Вялікім Магеланавым воблаку</a> (1987). Эксперыментальна даказаў закон захавання барыённага зараду (1957). </p><p>За адкрыццё нейтрына Райнес (сумесна з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Марцін Перл">Марцінам Перлам</a>) атрымаў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы">Нобелеўскую прэмію па фізіцы</a> ў 1995 (Коўэн, яго суаўтар па адкрыцці, памёр у 1974). Райнес таксама быў лаўрэатам шматлікіх іншых прэстыжных узнагарод, у тым ліку прэмію імя Роберта Опенгеймера (1981) і Нацыянальны навуковы медаль ЗША (1983), узнагарод Амерыканскага фізічнага таварыства і фонду Гугенхайма. Райнес быў сябрам Амерыканскага таварыства настаўнікаў фізікі, Амерыканскай акадэміі навук і мастацтваў, аўтарам навукова-папулярных лекцый у розных прэстыжных арганізацыях, у тым ліку ў Ізраільскай акадэміі навук і мастацтваў, у <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Стэнфардскі ўніверсітэт">Стэнфардскім універсітэце</a> і ва Універсітэце Мэрыленда. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Зноскі"><span id=".D0.97.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Зноскі</h2></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-_2c524fd4f437fba1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-_2c524fd4f437fba1_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-_2c524fd4f437fba1_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q615699" data-entity-id="Q5375741"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Reines">Frederick Reines</a> // <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="extiw" title="en:Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span> <small>Праверана 9 кастрычніка 2017.</small></span><div style="display:none"><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5375741">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5375741</a>"></a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_2cbecd7cc77a826d-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-_2cbecd7cc77a826d_2-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-_2cbecd7cc77a826d_2-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q207694 citetype_Q24699794 citetype_Q570116" data-entity-id="Q201469">Frederick Reines // Музей Саламона Гугенхайма<span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 1937.</span> <small>Праверана 9 кастрычніка 2017.</small></span><div style="display:none"><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q10498496">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q10498496</a>"></a><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q201469">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q201469</a>"></a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_6f91517a68bd0f9b-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-_6f91517a68bd0f9b_3-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-_6f91517a68bd0f9b_3-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q7094076 citetype_Q35127 citetype_Q36524 citetype_Q43229" data-entity-id="Q1373513">NNDB<span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 2002.</span></span><div style="display:none"><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1373513">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1373513</a>"></a></div></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Літаратура"><span id=".D0.9B.D1.96.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Літаратура</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Правіць раздзел: Літаратура" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Літаратура"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFБелЭн2001"><i>Касцюкевіч М. М.</i> Райнес // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Беларуская энцыклапедыя">Беларуская энцыклапедыя</a>: У 18 т. Т. 13: Праміле — Рэлаксін / Рэдкал.: <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Генадзь Пятровіч Пашкоў">Г. П. Пашкоў</a> і інш. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Мінск">Мн.</span> : <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Беларуская Энцыклапедыя імя Петруся Броўкі">БелЭн</a>, 2001. — Т. 13. — 576 с. — <span style="white-space: nowrap;">10 000 экз.</span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:BookSources/9851100358" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0035-8</a>. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:BookSources/9851102164" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0216-4</a> (т. 13).</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Спасылкі"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Спасылкі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Правіць раздзел: Спасылкі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit&section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Спасылкі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1995/">Інфармацыя з сайта Нобелеўскага камітэта</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4785216">.mw-parser-output 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role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Лаўрэаты_Нобелеўскай_прэміі_па_фізіцы_ў_1976—2000_гадах" data-name="Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы 1976—2000" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist hlist-items-nowrap collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_1976%E2%80%942000" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></span><div id="Лаўрэаты_Нобелеўскай_прэміі_па_фізіцы_ў_1976—2000_гадах" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em">Лаўрэаты <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы">Нобелеўскай прэміі па фізіцы</a> ў 1976—2000 гадах</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Бертан Рыхтэр">Рыхтэр</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сэмюэл Тынг">Тынг</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Філіп Уорэн Андэрсан">Ф. Андэрсан</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Невіл Франсіс Мот">Мот</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Джон Хазбрук ван Флек">Ван Флек</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пётр Леанідавіч Капіца">Капіца</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Арно Алан Пензіяс">Пензіяс</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Роберт Вудра Вільсан">Р. Вільсан</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Шэлдан Лі Глэшау">Глэшау</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Абдус Салам">Салам</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Стывен Вайнберг">Вайнберг</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Джэймс Уотсан Кронін">Кронін</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%87" title="Вал Логсдан Фіч">Фіч</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Нікалас Бломберген">Бломберген</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Артур Леанард Шаўлаў">Шаўлаў</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%E2%80%99%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кай Манэ Бёр’е Сігбан">К. Сігбан</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кенет Вільсан">К. Вільсан</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Субрахманьян Чандрасекар">С. Чандрасекар</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уільям Алфрэд Фаўлер">Фаўлер</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Карла Рубія">Рубія</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сімон ван дэр Мер">ван дэр Мер</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Клаус фон Клітцынг">фон Клітцынг</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эрнст Аўгуст Руска">Руска</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3" title="Герд Карл Бініг">Бініг</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Генрых Рорэр">Рорэр</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Іаханес Георг Беднарц">Беднарц</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карл Аляксандр Мюлер">Мюлер</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Леон Макс Ледэрман">Ледэрман</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Мелвін Шварц">Шварц</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джэк Стэйнбергер">Стэйнбергер</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Норман Фостэр Рамзей">Рамзей</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Ханс Георг Дэмельт">Дэмельт</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Вольфганг Паўль">Паўль</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Джэром Айзек Фрыдман">Фрыдман</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Генры Уэй Кендал">Кендал</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рычард Эдвард Тэйлар">Р. Тэйлар</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%96%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="П’ер Жыль дэ Жэн">дэ Жэн</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак">Шарпак</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Расел Алан Халс">Халс</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Джозеф Хотан Тэйлар">Дж. Тэйлар</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B7" title="Бертрам Брокхаўз">Брокхаўз</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кліфард Шал">Шал</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Марцін Льюіс Перл">Перл</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Райнес</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%96" title="Дэвід Морыс Лі">Д. Лі</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9E%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Дуглас Ошэраў">Ошэраў</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Роберт Колман Рычардсан">Рычардсан</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D1%83" title="Стывен Чу">Чу</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BD-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B" title="Клод Коэн-Тануджы">Коэн-Тануджы</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Уільям Філіпс">Філіпс</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Роберт Лафлін">Лафлін</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хорст Штормер">Штормер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A6%D1%83%D1%96" title="Дэніел Цуі">Цуі</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%E2%80%99%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82" title="Герард ’т Хоафт">’т Хоафт</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Марцінус Велтман">Велтман</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81_%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Жарэс Іванавіч Алфёраў">Алфёраў</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Герберт Кромер">Кромер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Джэк Кілбі">Кілбі</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Шаблон:Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы">Поўны пералік</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_1901%E2%80%941925" title="Шаблон:Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы 1901—1925">(1901—1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_1926%E2%80%941950" title="Шаблон:Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы 1926—1950">(1926—1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_1951%E2%80%941975" title="Шаблон:Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы 1951—1975">(1951—1975)</a></li> <li><b>(1976—2000)</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_2001%E2%80%942025" title="Шаблон:Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы 2001—2025">(2001—2025)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4785216"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Навігацыйны шаблон" data-name="External links" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist toCollapsibleCount navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><div style="padding: 0px 18px 0px 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="noprint plainlinks nowrap" style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⚙️" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/frederick-reines">Універсальная літоўская энцыклапедыя</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Reines">Britannica (онлайн)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/reines-frederick">Brockhaus</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nndb.com/people/052/000099752">Notable Names Database</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/frederick-reines">Treccani</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/frederick-reines/">Universalis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Генеалогія і некрапалістыка</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=182740969">Find a Grave</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/profile/index/6000000025329709951">Geni.com</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3748793">.mw-parser-output .ts-navbox-plaintitle{font-size:100%!important;margin:0 6em!important}</style></div><table class="nowraplinks authoritycontrol collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Нарматыўны_кантроль" class="ts-navbox-plaintitle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нарматыўны кантроль">Нарматыўны кантроль</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span title="BIBSYS" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">BIBSYS</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ask.bibsys.no/ask/action/result?cmd=&kilde=biblio&cql=bs.autid+%3D+4056281&feltselect=bs.autid">4056281</a> · <span title="CiNii" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">CiNii</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00772568">DA00772568</a> · <span title="CONOR.SI" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">CONOR</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=CONOR&rid=265150563">265150563</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/119010550">119010550</a> · <span title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">ICCU</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=MILV064054">MILV064054</a> · <span title="Міжнародны ідэнтыфікатар стандартных найменняў" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">ISNI</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni-url.oclc.nl/isni/0000000082235196">0000000082235196</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Кантрольны нумар Бібліятэкі Кангрэса">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87817741">n87817741</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Нацыянальная парламенцкая бібліятэка Японіі">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00453938">00453938</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Нацыянальная бібліятэка Польшчы">NLP</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=01&IM=04&NU=01&WI=a0000002087476">a0000002087476</a> · <span title="KB National Library of the Netherlands" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NTA</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p129416894">129416894</a> · <span title="SUDOC" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">SUDOC</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/072597011">072597011</a> · <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/42638650">42638650</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Узята з "<a dir="ltr" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Фрэдэрык_Райнес&oldid=4463916">https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Фрэдэрык_Райнес&oldid=4463916</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Categories" title="Адмысловае:Categories">Катэгорыя</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F_16_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Нарадзіліся 16 сакавіка">Нарадзіліся 16 сакавіка</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F_%D1%9E_1918_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Катэгорыя:Нарадзіліся ў 1918 годзе">Нарадзіліся ў 1918 годзе</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F_%D1%9E_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA" title="Катэгорыя:Нарадзіліся ў акрузе Пасейк">Нарадзіліся ў акрузе Пасейк</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96_26_%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Катэгорыя:Памерлі 26 жніўня">Памерлі 26 жніўня</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96_%D1%9E_1998_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Катэгорыя:Памерлі ў 1998 годзе">Памерлі ў 1998 годзе</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96_%D1%9E_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Катэгорыя:Памерлі ў акрузе Орындж (Каліфорнія)">Памерлі ў акрузе Орындж (Каліфорнія)</a></li><li><a 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