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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">មាតិកា</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ក្បាលទំព័រ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១ និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ២ ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ subsection </button> <ul id="toc-ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-សម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#សម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ២.១ សម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-សម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ហ្គូល" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ហ្គូល"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ២.២ ហ្គូល </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ហ្គូល-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Francia_(3rd_century–843)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Francia_(3rd_century–843)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ២.៣ Kingdom of Francia (3rd century–843) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Francia_(3rd_century–843)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_France_(843–1791)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_France_(843–1791)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ២.៤ Kingdom of France (843–1791) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_France_(843–1791)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republics_and_Empires_(1792–)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republics_and_Empires_(1792–)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ២.៥ Republics and Empires (1792–) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republics_and_Empires_(1792–)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ភូមិសាស្ត្រ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ភូមិសាស្ត្រ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៣ ភូមិសាស្ត្រ </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ភូមិសាស្ត្រ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle ភូមិសាស្ត្រ subsection </button> <ul id="toc-ភូមិសាស្ត្រ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៣.១ Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-បរិស្ថាន" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#បរិស្ថាន"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៣.២ បរិស្ថាន </div> </a> <ul id="toc-បរិស្ថាន-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-លក្ខណៈទូទៅរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#លក្ខណៈទូទៅរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៤ លក្ខណៈទូទៅរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-លក្ខណៈទូទៅរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle លក្ខណៈទូទៅរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង subsection </button> <ul id="toc-លក្ខណៈទូទៅរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ផ្ទៃដី" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ផ្ទៃដី"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៤.១ ផ្ទៃដី </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ផ្ទៃដី-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ស្ថានភាពដី" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ស្ថានភាពដី"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៤.២ ស្ថានភាពដី </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ស្ថានភាពដី-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-អាកាសធាតុ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#អាកាសធាតុ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៤.៣ អាកាសធាតុ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-អាកាសធាតុ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-បរិស្ថាន_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#បរិស្ថាន_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៤.៤ បរិស្ថាន </div> </a> <ul id="toc-បរិស្ថាន_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ប្រជាសាស្ត្រ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ប្រជាសាស្ត្រ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៥ ប្រជាសាស្ត្រ </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ប្រជាសាស្ត្រ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle ប្រជាសាស្ត្រ subsection </button> <ul id="toc-ប្រជាសាស្ត្រ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៥.១ Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-សាសនា" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#សាសនា"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៥.២ សាសនា </div> </a> <ul id="toc-សាសនា-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-សុខភាព" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#សុខភាព"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៥.៣ សុខភាព </div> </a> <ul id="toc-សុខភាព-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ការអប់រំ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ការអប់រំ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៥.៤ ការអប់រំ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ការអប់រំ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ប្រជាជន" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ប្រជាជន"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៥.៥ ប្រជាជន </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ប្រជាជន-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៦ Administrative divisions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administrative divisions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៦.១ Metropolitan regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overseas_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៦.២ Overseas regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overseas_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overseas_territories_and_collectivities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_territories_and_collectivities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៦.៣ Overseas territories and collectivities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overseas_territories_and_collectivities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ការគ្រប់គ្រងរដ្ឋបាល" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ការគ្រប់គ្រងរដ្ឋបាល"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៦.៤ ការគ្រប់គ្រងរដ្ឋបាល </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ការគ្រប់គ្រងរដ្ឋបាល-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៧ Governance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Governance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៧.១ Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ច្បាប់" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ច្បាប់"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៧.២ ច្បាប់ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ច្បាប់-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៧.៣ Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៧.៤ Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាល" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាល"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៧.៥ ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាល </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាល-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-បំណុលរដ្ឋាភិបាល" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#បំណុលរដ្ឋាភិបាល"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៧.៥.១ បំណុលរដ្ឋាភិបាល </div> </a> <ul id="toc-បំណុលរដ្ឋាភិបាល-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ស្ថាប័ននានារបស់បារាំង" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ស្ថាប័ននានារបស់បារាំង"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨ ស្ថាប័ននានារបស់បារាំង </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ស្ថាប័ននានារបស់បារាំង-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle ស្ថាប័ននានារបស់បារាំង subsection </button> <ul id="toc-ស្ថាប័ននានារបស់បារាំង-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.១ រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.២ ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ប្រធានាធិបតីនៃសារធារណរដ្ឋ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ប្រធានាធិបតីនៃសារធារណរដ្ឋ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.៣ ប្រធានាធិបតីនៃសារធារណរដ្ឋ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ប្រធានាធិបតីនៃសារធារណរដ្ឋ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី_និងរដ្ឋាភិបាល" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី_និងរដ្ឋាភិបាល"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.៤ នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី និងរដ្ឋាភិបាល </div> </a> <ul id="toc-នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី_និងរដ្ឋាភិបាល-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-សភា" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#សភា"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.៥ សភា </div> </a> <ul id="toc-សភា-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ព្រឹទ្ធសភា" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ព្រឹទ្ធសភា"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.៥.១ ព្រឹទ្ធសភា </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ព្រឹទ្ធសភា-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-រដ្ឋសភាជាតិ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#រដ្ឋសភាជាតិ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.៥.២ រដ្ឋសភាជាតិ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-រដ្ឋសភាជាតិ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-តុលាការ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#តុលាការ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.៦ តុលាការ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-តុលាការ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ភ្លេង_និងបាវចនាជាតិ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ភ្លេង_និងបាវចនាជាតិ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.៧ ភ្លេង និងបាវចនាជាតិ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ភ្លេង_និងបាវចនាជាតិ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ទង់ជាតិបារាំង" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ទង់ជាតិបារាំង"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.៨ ទង់ជាតិបារាំង </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ទង់ជាតិបារាំង-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ការពារជាតិ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ការពារជាតិ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៨.៩ ការពារជាតិ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ការពារជាតិ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-សេដ្ឋកិច្ច" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#សេដ្ឋកិច្ច"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៩ សេដ្ឋកិច្ច </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-សេដ្ឋកិច្ច-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle សេដ្ឋកិច្ច subsection </button> <ul id="toc-សេដ្ឋកិច្ច-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៩.១ Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labour_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៩.២ Labour market </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ទេសចរណ៍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ទេសចរណ៍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៩.៣ ទេសចរណ៍ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ទេសចរណ៍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ៩.៤ Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-វប្បធម៌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#វប្បធម៌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០ វប្បធម៌ </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-វប្បធម៌-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle វប្បធម៌ subsection </button> <ul id="toc-វប្បធម៌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-សិល្បៈ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#សិល្បៈ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.១ សិល្បៈ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-សិល្បៈ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ស្ថាបត្យកម្ម" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ស្ថាបត្យកម្ម"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.២ ស្ថាបត្យកម្ម </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ស្ថាបត្យកម្ម-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-អក្សរសិល្ប៍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#អក្សរសិល្ប៍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.៣ អក្សរសិល្ប៍ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-អក្សរសិល្ប៍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ទស្សនវិជ្ជា" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ទស្សនវិជ្ជា"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.៤ ទស្សនវិជ្ជា </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ទស្សនវិជ្ជា-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.៥ Sciences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-តន្ត្រី" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#តន្ត្រី"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.៦ តន្ត្រី </div> </a> <ul id="toc-តន្ត្រី-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.៧ Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.៨ Fashion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ប្រព័ន្ធផ្សព្វផ្សាយ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ប្រព័ន្ធផ្សព្វផ្សាយ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.៩ ប្រព័ន្ធផ្សព្វផ្សាយ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ប្រព័ន្ធផ្សព្វផ្សាយ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-សង្គម" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#សង្គម"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.១០ សង្គម </div> </a> <ul id="toc-សង្គម-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.១១ Gastronomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-កីឡា" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#កីឡា"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១០.១២ កីឡា </div> </a> <ul id="toc-កីឡា-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-កំណត់សម្គាល់" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#កំណត់សម្គាល់"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១១ កំណត់សម្គាល់ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-កំណត់សម្គាល់-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ឯកសារយោង" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ឯកសារយោង"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១២ ឯកសារយោង </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ឯកសារយោង-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-តំណភ្ជាប់ក្រៅ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#តំណភ្ជាប់ក្រៅ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១៣ តំណភ្ជាប់ក្រៅ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-តំណភ្ជាប់ក្រៅ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ប្រភពពត៌មាន" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ប្រភពពត៌មាន"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> ១៤ ប្រភពពត៌មាន </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ប្រភពពត៌មាន-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="មាតិកា" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">បារាំង</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ៣០៩ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-309" aria-hidden="true" > ៣០៩ ភាសា </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Франциа – អាប់ខាហ៊្សាន" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Франциа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="អាប់ខាហ៊្សាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peurancih" title="Peurancih – អាកហ៊ីនឺស" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Peurancih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="អាកហ៊ីនឺស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Францие – អាឌីហ្គី" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Францие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="អាឌីហ្គី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk – អាហ្វ្រិកាន" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="អាហ្វ្រិកាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – អាល្លឺម៉ង (ស្វីស)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង (ស្វីស)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%88%A3%E1%8B%AD" title="ፈረንሣይ – អាំហារិក" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈረንሣይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="អាំហារិក" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – អារ៉ាហ្គោន" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="អារ៉ាហ្គោន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francland" title="Francland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Francland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furans" title="Furans – អូបូឡូ" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Furans" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="អូបូឡូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस – អាហ្គីកា" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="អាហ្គីកា" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فرنسا – អារ៉ាប់" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="អារ៉ាប់" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%90" title="ܦܪܢܣܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܪܢܣܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فرانسا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فرانسا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فرنسا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্ৰান্স – អាសាមីស" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফ্ৰান্স" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="អាសាមីស" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – អាស្ទូរី" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="អាស្ទូរី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – អាទិកាម៉េក" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="អាទិកាម៉េក" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Паранс – អាវ៉ារីក" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Паранс" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="អាវ៉ារីក" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca" title="Franca – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Franca" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस – អាវ៉ាឌី" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="អាវ៉ាឌី" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phransiya" title="Phransiya – អីម៉ារ៉ា" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phransiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="អីម៉ារ៉ា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция – បាស្គៀ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="បាស្គៀ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis – បាលី" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="បាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABz%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Prancūzėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prancūzėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paransis" title="Paransis – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Paransis" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransya" title="Pransya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pransya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Францыя – បេឡារុស" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Францыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="បេឡារុស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Францыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Францыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasman" title="Prasman – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Prasman" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция – ប៊ុលហ្ការី" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ប៊ុលហ្ការី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franis" title="Franis – ប៊ីស្លាម៉ា" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Franis" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="ប៊ីស្លាម៉ា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parancis" title="Parancis – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Parancis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ပိဉ်တိစ်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပိဉ်တိစ်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A0ransi" title="Fàransi – បាម្បារា" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Fàransi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="បាម្បារា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্রান্স – បង់ក្លាដែស" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="បង់ក្លាដែស" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྥ་རན་སི། – ទីបេ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥ་རན་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ទីបេ" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্রান্স – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ফ্রান্স" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro-C%27hall" title="Bro-C'hall – ប្រ៊ីស្តុន" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro-C'hall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ប្រ៊ីស្តុន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska – បូស្នី" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="បូស្នី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94" title="ᨄᨙᨑᨊᨌᨗᨔ – ប៊ុកហ្គី" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨙᨑᨊᨌᨗᨔ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="ប៊ុកហ្គី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Франци – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França – កាតាឡាន" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="កាតាឡាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-gu%C3%B3k" title="Huák-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Франци – ឈីឆេន" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ឈីឆេន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya – ស៊ីប៊ូអាណូ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ស៊ីប៊ូអាណូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – ឈីម៉ូរ៉ូ" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="ឈីម៉ូរ៉ូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B8%E1%8F%A5%E1%8F%B1" title="ᎦᎸᏥᏱ – ឆេរូគី" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎸᏥᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="ឆេរូគី" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – ឈីយីនី" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="ឈីយីនី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فەڕەنسا – ឃើដភាគកណ្តាល" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەڕەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ឃើដភាគកណ្តាល" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – កូស៊ីខាន" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="កូស៊ីខាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenkistan" title="Frenkistan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Frenkistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francie" title="Francie – ឆែក" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ឆែក" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%ABj%C3%B4" title="Francëjô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Francëjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Франкїꙗ – ឈើជស្លាវិក" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Франкїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="ឈើជស្លាវិក" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Франци – ឈូវ៉ាស" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ឈូវ៉ាស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc – វេល" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="វេល" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig – ដាណឺម៉ាក" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ដាណឺម៉ាក" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – អាល្លឺម៉ង់" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francojska" title="Francojska – សូប៊ីក្រោម" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Francojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="សូប៊ីក្រោម" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް – ទេវីហ៊ី" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ទេវីហ៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B" title="ཕརཱནསི་ – ដុងខា" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཕརཱནསི་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="ដុងខា" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – អ៊ីវ" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីវ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γαλλία – ក្រិក" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ក្រិក" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – អង់គ្លេស" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="អង់គ្លេស" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francio" title="Francio – អេស្ពេរ៉ាន់តូ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Francio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="អេស្ពេរ៉ាន់តូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – អេស្ប៉ាញ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="អេស្ប៉ាញ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa – អេស្តូនី" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsusmaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="អេស្តូនី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia – បាសខ៍" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="បាសខ៍" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه – ភឺសៀន" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ភឺសៀន" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farayse" title="Farayse – ហ្វ៊ូឡា" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Farayse" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ហ្វ៊ូឡា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranska" title="Ranska – ហ្វាំងឡង់" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranska" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ហ្វាំងឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Prantsusmaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanise" title="Varanise – ហ៊្វីជី" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Varanise" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ហ៊្វីជី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakland" title="Frakland – ហ្វារូស" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Frakland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ហ្វារូស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flans%C3%A9t%C3%B2" title="Flansétò – ហ្វ៊ុន" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Flansétò" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="ហ្វ៊ុន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – បារាំង" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="បារាំង" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A5nkrik" title="Frånkrik – ហ្វ្រ៊ីសៀនខាងជើង" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Frånkrik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ហ្វ្រ៊ីសៀនខាងជើង" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – ហ៊្វ្រូលាន" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ហ៊្វ្រូលាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk – ហ្វ្រីស៊ានខាងលិច" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ហ្វ្រីស៊ានខាងលិច" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhrainc" title="An Fhrainc – អៀរឡង់" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Fhrainc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="អៀរឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C5%A3iya" title="Franţiya – កាគូស" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franţiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="កាគូស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafrans" title="Lafrans – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lafrans" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhraing" title="An Fhraing – ស្កុតហ្កែលិគ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Fhraing" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ស្កុតហ្កែលិគ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – ហ្កាលីស្យាន" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ហ្កាលីស្យាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A3sia" title="Hyãsia – ហ្គូរ៉ានី" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hyãsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ហ្គូរ៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8" title="ફ્રાન્સ – ហ្គុយ៉ារ៉ាទី" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફ્રાન્સ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ហ្គុយ៉ារ៉ាទី" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Rank" title="Yn Rank – មេន" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Rank" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="មេន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransa" title="Faransa – ហូសា" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Faransa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ហូសា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-koet" title="Fap-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palani" title="Palani – ហាវ៉ៃ" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Palani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ហាវ៉ៃ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="צרפת – ហេប្រឺ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ហេប្រឺ" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ़्रान्स – ហិណ្ឌី" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रान्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ហិណ្ឌី" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska – ក្រូអាត" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ក្រូអាត" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska" title="Francoska – សូប៊ីលើ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Francoska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="សូប៊ីលើ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – ហៃទី" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ហៃទី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciaorsz%C3%A1g" title="Franciaország – ហុងគ្រី" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Franciaország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ហុងគ្រី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ֆրանսիա – អាមេនី" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="អាមេនី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Ֆրանսա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – អ៊ីនធើលីង" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីនធើលីង" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranchis" title="Peranchis – អ៊ីបាន" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Peranchis" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីបាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis – ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – អ៊ីកបូ" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីកបូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransia" title="Pransia – អ៊ីឡូកូ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pransia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីឡូកូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Фаьренгехье – អ៊ិនហ្គូស" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фаьренгехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="អ៊ិនហ្គូស" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – អ៊ីដូ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីដូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland – អ៊ីស្លង់" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frakkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីស្លង់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – អ៊ីតាលី" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីតាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%97%E1%95%8C%E1%93%90%E1%94%85" title="ᕗᕌᓐᔅ – អ៊ីនុកទីទុត" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕗᕌᓐᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីនុកទីទុត" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="フランス – ជប៉ុន" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ជប៉ុន" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fasygu%27e" title="fasygu'e – លុចបាន" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fasygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="លុចបាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis – ជ្វា" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ជ្វា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="საფრანგეთი – ហ្សកហ្ស៊ី" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ហ្សកហ្ស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciya" title="Franciya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Franciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – កាប៊ីឡេ" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="កាប៊ីឡេ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Фрэндж – កាបាឌៀ" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Фрэндж" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="កាបាឌៀ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C9%A9%C9%A9" title="Fransɩɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fransɩɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%CC%B1ransa_(a%CC%B1byin)" title="Fi̱ransa (a̱byin) – យ៉ាប់" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fi̱ransa (a̱byin)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="យ៉ាប់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwalansa" title="Fwalansa – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Fwalansa" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baranja" title="Baranja – គីគូយូ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Baranja" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="គីគូយូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция – កាហ្សាក់" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="កាហ្សាក់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ – ខាណាដា" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ខាណាដា" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프랑스 – កូរ៉េ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="កូរ៉េ" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Франс – គូមីភឹមយ៉ាគ" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Франс" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="គូមីភឹមយ៉ាគ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция – ការ៉ាឆាយបាល់កា" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="ការ៉ាឆាយបាល់កា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%B3" title="فرٛانٛس – កាស្មៀរ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فرٛانٛس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="កាស្មៀរ" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – កូឡូញ" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="កូឡូញ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – ឃឺដ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ឃឺដ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Прансузму – កូមី" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Прансузму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="កូមី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Frynk" title="Pow Frynk – កូនីស" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Frynk" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="កូនីស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция – កៀហ្ស៊ីស" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="កៀហ្ស៊ីស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – ឡាតំាង" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ឡាតំាង" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia – ឡាឌីណូ" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ឡាឌីណូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankr%C3%A4ich" title="Frankräich – លុចសំបួ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frankräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="លុចសំបួ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция – ឡេសហ្គី" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ឡេសហ្គី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufalansa" title="Bufalansa – ហ្កាន់ដា" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Bufalansa" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ហ្កាន់ដា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek – លីមប៊ូស" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="លីមប៊ូស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – លីគូរី" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="លីគូរី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franzia" title="Franzia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Franzia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A0ncia" title="Frància – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Frància" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falansia" title="Falansia – លីនកាឡា" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Falansia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="លីនកាឡា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ – ឡាវ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ឡាវ" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzija" title="Prancūzija – លីទុយអានី" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="លីទុយអានី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%86ceja" title="Praņceja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Praņceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francija" title="Francija – ឡាតវី" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ឡាតវី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis – ម៉ាឌូរីស" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឌូរីស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स – ម៉ៃធីលី" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ម៉ៃធីលី" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кранцмастор – មុខសា" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кранцмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="មុខសា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsa" title="Frantsa – ម៉ាឡាហ្គាស៊ី" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Frantsa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡាហ្គាស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Франций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Франций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%ABw%C4%AB" title="Wīwī – ម៉ោរី" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Wīwī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="ម៉ោរី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parancih" title="Parancih – មីណាងកាប៊ូ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parancih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="មីណាងកាប៊ូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Франција – ម៉ាសេដូនី" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាសេដូនី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്രാൻസ് – ម៉ាឡាយ៉ាឡាម" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രാൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡាយ៉ាឡាម" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Франц – ម៉ុងហ្គោលី" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ម៉ុងហ្គោលី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81" title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ – ម៉ានីពូរី" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="ម៉ានីពូរី" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स – ម៉ារ៉ាធី" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ម៉ារ៉ាធី" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis – ម៉ាឡេ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡេ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza – ម៉ាល់តា" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាល់តា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ncia" title="Fráncia – មីរ៉ានដេស" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Fráncia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="មីរ៉ានដេស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ – ភូមា" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ភូមា" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Франция Мастор – អឺហ្ស៊ីយ៉ា" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Франция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="អឺហ្ស៊ីយ៉ា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه – ម៉ាហ្សានដឺរេនី" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាហ្សានដឺរេនី" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza – នាប៉ូលីតាន" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="នាប៉ូលីតាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek – អាល្លឺម៉ង់ក្រោម" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង់ក្រោម" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek – ហ្សាក់ស្យុងក្រោម" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ហ្សាក់ស្យុងក្រោម" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स – នេប៉ាល់" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="នេប៉ាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स – នេវ៉ាវី" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="នេវ៉ាវី" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk – ហូឡង់" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ហូឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike – ន័រវែស នីនូស" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ន័រវែស នីនូស" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike – ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9D%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%99%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%AC%DF%9B%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ – នគោ" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="នគោ" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora – សូថូខាងជើង" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="សូថូខាងជើង" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1%C3%A1ghahii_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dáághahii Dineʼé Bikéyah – ណាវ៉ាចូ" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dáághahii Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="ណាវ៉ាចូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – ណានចា" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="ណានចា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França – អូសីតាន់" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="អូសីតាន់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsii" title="Frantsii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Frantsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firaansi" title="Firaansi – អូរ៉ូម៉ូ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Firaansi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="អូរ៉ូម៉ូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Франц – អូស៊ីទិក" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Франц" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="អូស៊ីទិក" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ – បឹនជាពិ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="បឹនជាពិ" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia – ភេនហ្គាស៊ីណាន" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="ភេនហ្គាស៊ីណាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya – ផាមភេនហ្គា" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ផាមភេនហ្គា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia – ប៉ាប៉ៃមេនតូ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ប៉ាប៉ៃមេនតូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franche" title="Franche – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Franche" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francja" title="Francja – ប៉ូឡូញ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ប៉ូឡូញ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γαλλία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه – បាស្តូ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="បាស្តូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França – ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransiya" title="Ransiya – ហ្គិកឈួ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ransiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ហ្គិកឈួ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha – រ៉ូម៉ង់" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Frantscha" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="រ៉ូម៉ង់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchiya" title="Franchiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Franchiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubufaransa" title="Ubufaransa – រុណ្ឌី" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubufaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="រុណ្ឌី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța – រូម៉ានី" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Franța" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="រូម៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A2n%C8%9Bie" title="Frânție – អារ៉ូម៉ានី" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Frânție" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="អារ៉ូម៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frange" title="Frange – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Frange" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция – រុស្ស៊ី" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="រុស្ស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Франція – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Франція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubufaransa" title="Ubufaransa – គិនយ៉ាវ៉ាន់ដា" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubufaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="គិនយ៉ាវ៉ាន់ដា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="फ्रान्सदेशः – សំស្ក្រឹត" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रान्सदेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="សំស្ក្រឹត" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Быраансыйа – សាខា" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Быраансыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="សាខា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ – សាន់តាលី" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="សាន់តាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantza" title="Frantza – សាឌីនា" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Frantza" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="សាឌីនា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – ស៊ីស៊ីលាន" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ស៊ីស៊ីលាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce – ស្កុត" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ស្កុត" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس – ស៊ីនឌី" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ស៊ីនឌី" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriika" title="Frankriika – សាមីខាងជើង" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Frankriika" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="សាមីខាងជើង" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%C3%A2nzi" title="Farânzi – សានហ្គោ" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Farânzi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="សានហ្គោ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska – សឺបូក្រូអាត" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="សឺបូក្រូអាត" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%E1%B9%9Ban%E1%B9%A3a" title="Fṛanṣa – តាឈីលហ៊ីត" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Fṛanṣa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="តាឈីលហ៊ីត" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BE%E1%80%9B%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ – សាន" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="សាន" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BA" title="ප්‍රංශය – ស្រីលង្កា" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රංශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ស្រីលង្កា" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzsko" title="Francúzsko – ស្លូវ៉ាគី" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ាគី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francija" title="Francija – ស្លូវ៉ានី" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farani" title="Farani – សាម័រ" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Farani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="សាម័រ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranska" title="Ranska – អ៊ីណារីសាមី" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ranska" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីណារីសាមី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furanzi" title="Furanzi – សូណា" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Furanzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="សូណា" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransiiska" title="Faransiiska – សូម៉ាលី" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Faransiiska" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="សូម៉ាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca" title="Franca – អាល់បានី" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Franca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="អាល់បានី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Француска – ស៊ែប" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ស៊ែប" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franskondre" title="Franskondre – ស្រាណានតុងហ្គោ" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Franskondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="ស្រាណានតុងហ្គោ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFulansi" title="IFulansi – ស្វាទី" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IFulansi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="ស្វាទី" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora – សូថូខាងត្បូង" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="សូថូខាងត្បូង" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis – ស៊ូដង់" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ស៊ូដង់" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike – ស៊ុយអែត" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ស៊ុយអែត" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa – ស្វាហ៊ីលី" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ស្វាហ៊ីលី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francyj%C5%8F" title="Francyjŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Francyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="பிரான்சு – តាមីល" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="តាមីល" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫ్రాన్స్ – តេលុគុ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రాన్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="តេលុគុ" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – ទីទុំ" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="ទីទុំ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Фаронса – តាហ្ស៊ីគ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фаронса" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="តាហ្ស៊ីគ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ประเทศฝรั่งเศส – ថៃ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ថៃ" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B3" title="ፈረንሳ – ទីហ្គ្រីញ៉ា" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፈረንሳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="ទីហ្គ្រីញ៉ា" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi%C3%BDa" title="Fransiýa – តួកម៉េន" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fransiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="តួកម៉េន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyr%C9%99ngyston" title="Fyrəngyston – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fyrəngyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora – ស្វាណា" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="ស្វាណា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falanis%C4%93" title="Falanisē – តុងហ្គា" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Falanisē" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="តុងហ្គា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frens" title="Frens – ថុកពីស៊ីន" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Frens" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ថុកពីស៊ីន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – ទួរគី" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ទួរគី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – តារ៉ូកូ" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="តារ៉ូកូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furhwa" title="Furhwa – សុងហ្គា" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Furhwa" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="សុងហ្គា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция – តាតា" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="តាតា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – ទុមប៊ូកា" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="ទុមប៊ូកា" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – ទ្វី" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="ទ្វី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%C4%81ni" title="Farāni – តាហ៊ីទី" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Farāni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="តាហ៊ីទី" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция – ទូវីនៀ" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ទូវីនៀ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция – អាត់មូដ" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="អាត់មូដ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="فرانسىيە – អ៊ុយហ្គឺរ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فرانسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="អ៊ុយហ្គឺរ" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Франція – អ៊ុយក្រែន" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="អ៊ុយក្រែន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس – អ៊ូរឌូ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូរឌូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransiya" title="Fransiya – អ៊ូសបេគ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូសបេគ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – វេណេតូ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="វេណេតូ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francii" title="Francii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Francii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1p" title="Pháp – វៀតណាម" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="វៀតណាម" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrankryk" title="Vrankryk – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vrankryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A4n" title="Fransän – វូឡាពូក" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fransän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="វូឡាពូក" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – វ៉ាលូន" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="វ៉ាលូន" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransya" title="Fransya – វ៉ារេយ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fransya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="វ៉ារេយ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraas" title="Faraas – វូឡុហ្វ" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Faraas" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="វូឡុហ្វ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国 – អ៊ូចិន" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូចិន" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Пранцсин Орн – កាលមីគ" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пранцсин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="កាលមីគ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi" title="Fransi – ឃសា" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Fransi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ឃសា" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="საფრანგეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9A" title="פראנקרייך – យ៉ីឌីស" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנקרייך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="យ៉ីឌីស" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Fránsì – យរូបា" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="យរូបា" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazgoz" title="Fazgoz – ហ្សួង" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Fazgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ហ្សួង" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9A%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ – តាម៉ាហ្សៃម៉ារ៉ុកស្តង់ដា" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="តាម៉ាហ្សៃម៉ារ៉ុកស្តង់ដា" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国 – ចិន" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ចិន" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-kok" title="Hoat-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國 – កន្តាំង" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="កន្តាំង" 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title="ព័ត៌មានអំពីរបៀបយោងទំព័រនេះ">យោងទំព័រនេះ</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259F%2586%25E1%259E%2584">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259F%2586%25E1%259E%2584">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> បោះពុម្ព/នាំចេញ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">បង្កើតសៀវភៅ</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=show-download-screen">ទាញយកជា PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&printable=yes" title="ទម្រង់សម្រាប់បោះពុម្ភរបស់ទំព័រនេះ [p]" accesskey="p">ទម្រង់សម្រាប់បោះពុម្ភ</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ក្នុងគម្រោងផ្សេងៗទៀត </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/France" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q142" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ពីវិគីភីឌា</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="km" dir="ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Translation_to_khmer_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Translation to khmer arrow icon"><img alt="Translation to khmer arrow icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/km/thumb/0/03/Translation_to_khmer_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_khmer_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/km/thumb/0/03/Translation_to_khmer_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_khmer_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/km/thumb/0/03/Translation_to_khmer_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_khmer_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="">អត្ថបទនេះត្រូវការ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%82" title="វិគីភីឌា:ការបកប្រែ">បកប្រែ</a>ទៅជាភាសាខ្មែរ។ អត្ថបទនេះត្រូវបានសរសេរជាភាសាផ្សេង ដែលមិនមែនជាភាសាខ្មែរ។ បើសិនជាអត្ថបទទុកសម្រាប់អ្នកអានមកពី សហគមន៍នៃភាសាមួយនេះ វាគួរតែចែកចាយទៅវិគីភីឌាជាភាសានោះ។ សូមមើល <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="meta:List of Wikipedias">បញ្ជីនៃគម្រោងវិគីភីឌាទាំងអស់</a>។ សូមមើល <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:Pages_needing_translation_into_Khmer#បារាំង" class="mw-redirect" title="វិគីភីឌា:Pages needing translation into Khmer">ច្រកចូលអត្ថបទនេះ</a> លើ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:Pages_needing_translation_into_Khmer" class="mw-redirect" title="វិគីភីឌា:Pages needing translation into Khmer">ក្រុមទំព័រដែលត្រូវការបំណកប្រែទៅជាភាសាខ្មែរ</a> ដើម្បីពិភាក្សា ។ ប្រសិនបើ អត្ថបទមិនត្រូវបាន<a class="external text" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit">សរសេរជាភាសាខ្មែរឡើងវិញទេ</a> ក្នុងរយៈពេលពីរសប្ដាហ៍ទៀត អត្ថបទនឹងត្រូវ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:Articles_for_deletion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វិគីភីឌា:Articles for deletion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ចុះបញ្ជីដើម្បីលុបចោល</a> និង/ឬ ប្ដូរវាទៅកាន់វិគីភីឌាជាភាសាដើមរបស់វាវិញ ។ <hr /> បើសិនជាលោកអ្នក គ្រាន់តែចង់បិទស្លាកទំព័រនេះត្រូវការបំណកប្រែ សូមបញ្ចូល <code>{{អាទេស.:ត្រូវការបកប្រែ | ទំ. = បារាំង | ភាសា = មិនស្គាល់ | ផ្ដល់យោបល់ = }} ~~~~</code> ទៅខាងក្រោម នៃ<a class="external text" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:Pages_needing_translation_into_Khmer&action=edit&section=3">ផ្នែក នៃក្រុមទំព័រនេះត្រូវការបំណកប្រែទៅជាភាសាខ្មែរ</a> ។ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="dablink">អត្ថបទនេះស្ដីអំពី ប្រទេស។ ចំពោះការប្រើប្រាស់ផ្សេងទៀត សូមមើល <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84_(%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បារាំង (អសង្ស័យកម្ម) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បារាំង (អសង្ស័យកម្ម)</a>។</div> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:22em; font-size:85%; line-height: 1.4em;"><caption style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.25em;">សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="adr" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align: center; line-height:1.5em; font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap; background:#EBECF1">République française (<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ភាសាបារាំង">ភាសាបារាំង</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:center;padding:0.8 0.5 1em;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ទង់ជាតិ បារាំង"><img alt="ទង់ជាតិ បារាំង" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/125px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/188px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/250px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div style="font-size:90%;">ទង់ជាតិ</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="វរលញ្ឆករបារាំង"><img alt="វរលញ្ឆករបារាំង" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/75px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/113px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/150px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វរលញ្ឆករបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វរលញ្ឆករ</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">បាវចនា "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96_%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សេរីភាព សមភាព ភាតរភាព (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a>" "សេរីភាព សមភាព ភាតរភាព"</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="anthem" style="text-align:center"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">ភ្លេងជាតិ "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="មហាត្រានៃបារាំង">មហាត្រា</a> <div style="padding:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Great_Seal_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Obverse"><img alt="Obverse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/100px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/200px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Great_Seal_of_France_(reverse).svg" class="mw-file-description" 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title="ប៉ារីស">ប៉ារីស</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r274709">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&params=48_51_N_2_21_E_type:city">48°51′N 2°21′E / 48.850°N 2.350°E / 48.850; 2.350</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">ភាសាផ្លូវការ</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ភាសាបារាំង">ភាសាបារាំង</a><a href="#cite_note-one-1">[សម្គាល់ ១]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">សាសនា <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (ឆ្នាំ ២០២២)</div></th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r295761">.mw-parser-output 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(ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប្រូតេស្តង់</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">១% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="និកាយអូស្សូដក់ខាងលិចនៅបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អូស្សូដក់</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">៣៣% គ្មានជំនឿសាសនា</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">៤% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឥស្លាមសាសនានៅបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឥស្លាមសាសនា</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">២% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនានៅបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">១% សាសនាផ្សេងៗ</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">៩% មិនបានបញ្ជាក់<a href="#cite_note-2">[១]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">រដ្ឋាភិបាល</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រដ្ឋឯកភូត (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រដ្ឋឯកភូត</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B" title="សាធារណរដ្ឋ">សាធារណរដ្ឋអាស្រ័យរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ</a>ប្រកាន់<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប្រព័ន្ធពាក់កណ្តាលប្រធានាធិបតីនិយម (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប្រព័ន្ធពាក់កណ្តាលប្រធានាធិបតីនិយម</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប្រធានាធិបតីបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប្រធានាធិបតី</a></div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E2%80%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="អេម៉ានុយអែល ម៉ាក្រុង">អេម៉ានុយអែល ម៉ាក្រុង</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី</a></div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F_%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អេលីហ្សាប៊េត ប៊ន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អេលីហ្សាប៊េត ប៊ន</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">នីតិបញ្ញត្តិ</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សភាតំណាងរាស្ត្របារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សភាតំណាងរាស្ត្រ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B" title="សភាជាន់ខ្ពស់">សភាជាន់ខ្ពស់</a></div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6_(%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ព្រឹទ្ធសភា (បារាំង) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ព្រឹទ្ធសភា</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សភាជាន់ទាប (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សភាជាន់ទាប</a></div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6_(%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រដ្ឋសភា (បារាំង) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រដ្ឋសភា</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្របារាំង">និម្មិតកម្ម</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្វ្រង់ស៊ា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រាជាណាចក្រហ្វ្រង់ស៊ា</a> (បង្រួបបង្រួមដោយស្តេច<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ក្លូវីសទី១ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ក្លូវីសទី១</a>)</div></th><td>៤៨១</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សន្ធិសញ្ញាវែរដុង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សន្ធិសញ្ញាវែរដុង</a></div></th><td>សីហា ៨៤៣</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ព្រះរាជាណាចក្របារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រ</a></div></th><td>៣ កក្កដា ៩៨៧</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- ប្រកាសជា<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទីមួយ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សាធារណរដ្ឋ</a></div></th><td>២២ កញ្ញា ១៧៩២</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញបច្ចុប្បន្ន</a></div></th><td>៤ តុលា ១៩៥៨</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left; text-align: center;">ក្រឡាផ្ទៃ</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- ផ្ទៃសរុប</div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E7_m%C2%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E7 m² (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">៦៤០,៦៧៩</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81" title="គីឡូម៉ែត្រការ៉េ">គ.ម២</a>   (<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមក្រឡាផ្ទៃសរុប">ទី៤២</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- ផ្ទៃទឹក (%)</div></th><td>០.៨៦ (ត្រឹមឆ្នាំ២០១៥)<a href="#cite_note-3">[២]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បារាំងដីគោក (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បារាំងដីគោក</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វិទ្យាស្ថានភូមិសាស្ត្រជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">IGN</a>)</div></th><td>៥៥១,៦៩៥ គម២<a href="#cite_note-4">[សម្គាល់ ២]</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមក្រឡាផ្ទៃសរុប">ទី៥០</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- បារាំងដីគោក (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កាដាស្ត្រេ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កាដាស្ត្រេ</a>)</div></th><td>៥៤៣,៩៤០ គម២<a href="#cite_note-5">[សម្គាល់ ៣]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[៣]</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមក្រឡាផ្ទៃសរុប">ទី៥០</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left; text-align: center;">ប្រជាជន</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- ប៉ាន់ស្មាន (ឆ្នាំ ២០២១)</div></th><td><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> ៦៧,៤១៣,០០០<a href="#cite_note-7">[៤]</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមចំនួនប្រជាជន">ទី២០</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដង់ស៊ីតេប្រជាជន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដង់ស៊ីតេ</a></div></th><td>១១៦ នាក់/គ.ម២   (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមដង់ស៊ីតេប្រជាជន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទី៨៩</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94" title="ផលិតផលក្នុងស្រុកសរុប">GDP</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="យុគភាពនៃអំណាចទិញ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">PPP</a>)</th><td>ប៉ាន់ស្មាន (ឆ្នាំ ២០២១)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- សរុប</div></th><td><img alt="increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> ៣.២៣២ ទ្រីលានដុល្លារ<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOFR-8">[៥]</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94_(%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%89)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមផលិតផលក្នុងស្រុកសរុប (យុគភាពនៃអំណាចទិញ) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទី៩</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- ក្នុងម្នាក់</div></th><td><img alt="increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> ៤៩,៤៩២ ដុល្លារ<a href="#cite_note-imf2-9">[៦]</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94_(%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%89)_%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមផលិតផលក្នុងស្រុកសរុប (យុគភាពនៃអំណាចទិញ) ក្នុងម្នាក់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទី២៥</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94" title="ផលិតផលក្នុងស្រុកសរុប">GDP</a> (ចារឹក)</th><td>ប៉ាន់ស្មាន (ឆ្នាំ ២០២១)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- សរុប</div></th><td><img alt="increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> ២.៩៣៨ ទ្រីលានដុល្លារ<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOFR-8">[៥]</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94_(%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមផលិតផលក្នុងស្រុកសរុប (ចារឹក) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទី៧</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- ក្នុងម្នាក់</div></th><td><img alt="increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> ៤៤,៩៩៥ ដុល្លារ<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOFR-8">[៥]</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94_(%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80)_%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមផលិតផលក្នុងស្រុកសរុប (ចារឹក) ក្នុងម្នាក់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទី២៤</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="មេគុណជីនី">ជីនី</a> (២០១៩)</th><td><img alt="negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 29.2<a href="#cite_note-eurogini-10">[៧]</a> ទាប</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8D%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" title="លិបិក្រមអភិវឌ្ឍន៍មនុស្ស">HDI</a> (២០១៩)</th><td><img alt="increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.901<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-11">[៨]</a> ខ្ពស់ណាស់ · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8D%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមលិបិក្រមអភិវឌ្ឍន៍មនុស្ស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទី២៦</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%BB" title="រូបិយវត្ថុ">រូបិយវត្ថុ</a></th><td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295761"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អឺរ៉ូ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អឺរ៉ូ</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="និមិត្តសញ្ញាអឺរ៉ូ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">€</a>) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_%E1%9F%A4%E1%9F%A2%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO ៤២១៧ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">EUR</a>)<a href="#cite_note-12">[សម្គាល់ ៤]</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្វ្រង់ប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្វ្រង់</a> (XPF)<a href="#cite_note-13">[សម្គាល់ ៥]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">ល្វែងម៉ោង</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ម៉ោងសកលតាមកូអរដោនេ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">UTC</a>+១ (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ម៉ោងអឺរ៉ុបកណ្តាល (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ម៉ោងអឺរ៉ុបកណ្តាល</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">- រដូវក្តៅ (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ម៉ោងរដូវក្តៅ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">DST</a>)</div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ម៉ោងសកលតាមកូអរដោនេ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">UTC</a>+២ (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ម៉ោងរដូវក្តៅអឺរ៉ុបកណ្តាល (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ម៉ោងរដូវក្តៅអឺរ៉ុបកណ្តាល</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ទម្រង់កាលបរិច្ឆេទ</th><td>dd/mm/yyyy (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="គ្រិស្តសករាជ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">គ.ស.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បណ្ដាញចែកចាយអគ្គិសនី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បណ្ដាញចែកចាយអគ្គិសនី</a></th><td>230 V–50 Hz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9A" title="ទិសបើកបរ">ទិសបើកបរ</a></th><td>ស្តាំ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">កូដហៅទូរស័ព្ទ</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខទូរស័ព្ទនៅបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">៣៣</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដែនកម្រិតខ្ពស់តាមកូដប្រទេស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដែនកម្រិតខ្ពស់</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=.fr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".fr (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">.fr</a></td></tr></tbody></table> ប្រទេសបារាំង (បារាំង: France ហ្វ្រង្សិ៍) ដោយមានឈ្មោះផ្លូវការថា សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង គឺជា<a 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href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8" title="អ៊ីតាលី">អ៊ីតាលី</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6" title="អង់ដូរ៉ា">អង់ដូរ៉ា</a> និងប្រទេស<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%89" title="អេស្ប៉ាញ">អេស្ប៉ាញ</a> រីឯនៅ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="ទ្វីបអាមេរិក">ទ្វីបអាមេរិក</a>វិញ វាមានព្រំប្រទល់ជាប់ប្រទេស<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ហុល្លង់">ហុល្លង់</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស៊ូរីណាម (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ស៊ូរីណាម</a> និងប្រទេស<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B" title="ប្រេស៊ីល">ប្រេស៊ីល</a>។ បារាំងមាន<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="តំបន់នៃបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">តំបន់អាំងតេក្រាលចំនួនដប់ប្រាំបី</a> (ប្រាំនៅក្រៅប្រទេស) ដែលលាតសន្ធឹងលើផ្ទៃដីសរុប ៦៤៣,៨០១ គីឡូម៉ែត្រក្ររ៉េ និងមានប្រជាជនជាង ៦៧ លាននាក់ (គិតត្រឹមខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២១)។<a href="#cite_note-14">[៩]</a> ប្រទេសបារាំងគឺជា<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B" title="សាធារណរដ្ឋ">សាធារណរដ្ឋ</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រដ្ឋឯកភូត (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឯកភូត</a>ប្រកាន់<a 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class="new" title="ម៉ាសែល (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ម៉ាសែល</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ធូលូស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ធូលូស</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប័រដូ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប័រដូ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លីល (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">លីល</a> និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="នីស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">នីស</a>។ ទឹកដីបារាំងសព្វថ្ងៃបានទទួលវត្តមានមនុស្សដំបូងៗតាំងពីស័ក<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប៉ាលេអូលីកទិកលើ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប៉ាលេអូលីទិក</a>មកម្លេះ ហើយទឹកដីមាតុបុរៈបារាំងត្រូវកុលសម្ព័ន្ធសែលតិកមួយក្រុមដែលគេស្គាល់ថា"<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្គោល (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្គោល</a>"ចូលមកតាំងទីលំនៅក្នុងអំឡុង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="យុគដែក (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">យុគដែក</a>។ ពួករ៉ូមបាន<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្គោលរ៉ូម (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កាត់តំបន់នេះបញ្ចូលជាផ្នែកមួយនៃទឹកដីខ្លួន</a>នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ ៥១ មុន គ.ស ដែលជាហេតុនាំឱ្យ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BC-%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វប្បធម៌ហ្កាល់ឡូ-រ៉ូម៉ាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វប្បធម៌ហ្កាល់ឡូ-រ៉ូម៉ាំង</a>លេចឡើង និងត្រូវជាមូលដ្ឋានគ្រឹះនៃ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ភាសាបារាំង">ភាសាបារាំង</a>។ ពួក<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្វ្រង់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្វ្រង់</a>ដែលជាក្រុន<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជនជាតិជឺម៉ាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ជនជាតិជឺម៉ាំង</a>មួយបានបង្កើត<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រហ្វ្រង់ស៊ា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រហ្វ្រង់ស៊ា</a> ហើយបានក្លាយជាមាតុបេះដូងនៃ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចក្រភពការអូលីនជាន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ចក្រភពការអូលីនជាន</a>។ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សន្ធិសញ្ញាវ៉ែដុង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សន្ធិសញ្ញាវ៉ែដុង</a>នៃឆ្នាំ ៨៤៣ បានបែងចែកចក្រភពនោះដោយមានរដ្ឋ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្វ្រង់ស៊ាខាងលិច 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A2_(%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្វីលីពទី២ (ព្រះមហាក្សត្របារាំង) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្វីលីពទី២</a> បានពង្រឹងអំណាចរាជវង្សប្រកបដោយជោគជ័យ ហើយបានកម្ចាត់ចោលនូវគូប្រជែងរបស់ទ្រង់ដើម្បីបង្កើនវិសាលភាពរាជ្យទឹកដីបារាំង។ នៅចុងរជ្ជកាលរបស់ព្រះអង្គ ប្រទេសបារាំងបានក្លាយទៅជារដ្ឋដ៏មានឥទ្ធិពលបំផុតនៅទ្វីបអឺរ៉ុប។ ចាប់ពីពាក់កណ្តាលសតវត្សទី១៤ ដល់ពាក់កណ្តាលសតវត្សទី១៥ ប្រទេសបារាំងបានធ្លាក់ចូលទៅក្នុងជម្លោះរាជវង្សជាបន្តបន្ទាប់ដែលមានប្រទេស<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រអង់គ្លេស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អង់គ្លេស</a>ជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ គេតែងសម្តៅលើជម្លោះនេះថា<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សង្រ្គាមមួយរយឆ្នាំ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សង្រ្គាមមួយរយឆ្នាំ</a> ហើយអត្តសញ្ញាណរបស់បារាំងថ្មីបានលេចឡើងជាលទ្ធផល។ នៅក្នុង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%8C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8D%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សម័យបុនវុឌ្ឍិសិល្បៈ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សម័យបុនវុឌ្ឍិសិល្បៈ</a> (Renaissance) ប្រទេសបារាំងបានឆ្លងកាត់វឌ្ឍនភាពសិល្បៈនិងវប្បធម៌ ជម្លោះជាមួយ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រាជត្រកូលហាបស្បួក (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រាជត្រកូលហាបស្បួក</a> និងនិម្មិតកម្មនៃ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ចក្រភពអាណានិគមបារាំង">ចក្រភពអាណានិគមលំដាប់ពិភពលោក</a>ដែលដល់សតវត្សទី២០ វាក៏ក្លាយជាចក្រភពមហាអំណាចធំទីពីរនៅលើភពផែនដី។<a href="#cite_note-15">[១០]</a> នៅពាក់កណ្តាលទីពីរនៃសតវត្សទី១៦ បារាំងត្រូវប្រឈមនឹង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សង្គ្រាមសាសនាបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សង្រ្គាមស៊ីវិលសាសនា</a>រវាងអ្នកកាន់<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="ព្រះសហគមន៍កាតូលិក">និកាយកាតូលិក</a>និងពួក<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ៊ូហ្គូណូ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ៊ូហ្គូណូ</a>ដែលជាហេតុនាំឱ្យប្រទេសចុះទន់ខ្សោយយ៉ាងខ្លាំង។ ប្រទេសបារាំងបានលេចចេញជាមហាអំណាចសារជាថ្មីនៅអឺរ៉ុបក្នុងសតវត្សទី១៧ ក្រោមការដឹកនាំរបស់ស្តេចនាម<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ល្វីទី១៤ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល្វីទី១៤</a> បន្ទាប់ពីទ្រង់បានបិទបញ្ចប់ឆាក<a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សម័យសោភ័ណ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សម័យសោភ័ណ</a>" (Belle Époque)។ ប្រទេសបារាំងគឺជាប្រទេសមួយក្នុងចំណោមប្រទេសដែលចូលរួមក្នុង<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A1" title="សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី១">សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី១</a> ដោយជាលទ្ធផល វាបានទទួលបានជ័យជម្នះតែត្រូវបាត់បង់ជីវិតមនុស្ស និងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចជាច្រើន។ ប្រទេសនេះក៏ជាប្រទេសមួយក្នុងចំណោម<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តនៃសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២ 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94_(%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%91)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមផលិតផលក្នុងស្រុកសរុប (យអទ) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ធំជាងគេទី ៩</a> បើគិតតាមយុគភាពនៃអំណាចទិញ។ បើនិយាយពីទ្រព្យសម្បត្តិសរុបតាមគ្រួសារ វាជាប់ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ទីបួននៅលើពិភពលោក។<a href="#cite_note-18">[១៣]</a> ប្រទេសបារាំងមានកម្រិត<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សន្ទស្សន៍អប់រំ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អប់រំ</a> <a 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class="mw-redirect" title="សន្ទស្សន៍អភិវឌ្ឍន៍មនុស្ស">ការអភិវឌ្ឍមនុស្ស</a>ខ្ពស់។<a href="#cite_note-19">[១៤]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[១៥]</a> បារាំងនៅតែអាចរក្សាតំណែងជា<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85" title="មហាអំណាច">មហាអំណាច</a>មួយបាននៅក្នុងកិច្ចការពិភពលោក<a href="#cite_note-21">[១៦]</a> ដោយជាសមាជិកអចិន្ត្រៃយ៍មួយក្នុងចំណោម<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សមាជិកអចិន្ត្រៃយ៍នៃក្រុមប្រឹក្សាសន្តិសុខអង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សមាជិកអចិន្ត្រៃយ៍ទាំងប្រាំ</a>នៃ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាសន្តិសុខអង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិ">ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាសន្តិសុខអង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិ</a> និងជា<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A" title="បញ្ជីរដ្ឋមានអាវុធនុយក្លេអ៊ែរ">រដ្ឋអាវុធនុយក្លេអ៊ែរ</a>ផ្លូវការមួយផងដែរ។ ប្រទេសបារាំងគឺជាសមាជិកស្ថាបនិក និងឈានមុខគេនៃ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94" title="សហភាពអឺរ៉ុប">សហភាពអឺរ៉ុប</a> និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="តំបន់អឺរ៉ូ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">តំបន់អឺរ៉ូ</a><a href="#cite_note-superficy-22">[១៧]</a> ក៏ដូចជាសមាជិកសំខាន់នៃ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ក្រុមប្រាំពីរ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ក្រុមប្រាំពីរ</a> (G7) <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%84" title="អង្គការសន្ធិសញ្ញាអាត្លង់ទិកខាងជើង">អង្គការសន្ធិសញ្ញាអាត្លង់ទិកខាងជើង</a> (អូតង់ ឬណាតូ) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A_%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8D%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អង្គការសម្រាប់កិច្ចសហប្រតិបត្តិការ និងអភិវឌ្ឍន៍សេដ្ឋកិច្ច (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អង្គការសម្រាប់កិច្ចសហប្រតិបត្តិការ និងអភិវឌ្ឍន៍សេដ្ឋកិច្ច</a> (OECD) និង <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="អង្គការអន្តរជាតិនៃក្រុមប្រទេសនិយាយភាសាបារាំង">ហ្វ្រង់កូហ្វូនី</a> (Francophonie)។ <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ">និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=1" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r295577">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឈ្មោះនៃបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឈ្មោះនៃបារាំង</a></div> The name "France" comes from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Latin</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Francia</a>, which means "country of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franks (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Franks</a>".<a href="#cite_note-23">[១៨]</a> There are various theories as to the origin of the name Franks: one is that it is derived from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Germanic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Germanic language (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Proto-Germanic</a> word frankon which translates as javelin or lance as the throwing axe of the Franks was known as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisca (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">francisca</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[១៩]</a> Another proposed etymology is that in an ancient <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic languages (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Germanic language</a>, Frank means <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">free</a> as opposed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">slave</a>.[<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84" title="វិគីភីឌា:ត្រូវការអំណះអំណាង">ត្រូវការអំណះអំណាង</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ">ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=2" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្របារាំង">ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្របារាំង</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="សម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ"><span id=".E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.90.E1.9E.99.E1.9E.94.E1.9E.BB.E1.9E.9A.E1.9F.81.E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.9C.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A">សម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=3" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្របារាំងនៅសម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្របារាំងនៅសម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Lascaux2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lascaux2.jpg/220px-Lascaux2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lascaux2.jpg/330px-Lascaux2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lascaux2.jpg/440px-Lascaux2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>One of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lascaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lascaux (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lascaux</a> paintings of which depicts a horse (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dordogne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dordogne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Dordogne</a>, approximately 18,000 BC).</figcaption></figure> The oldest traces of human life (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Homo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homo (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">homo</a>) in what is now France date from approximately 1.8 million years ago.<a href="#cite_note-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17-25">[២០]</a> Humans were then confronted by a hard and variable climate, marked by several glacial eras which led them to a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomad (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">nomadic</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter-gatherer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunter-gatherer (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">hunter-gatherer</a> life.<a href="#cite_note-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17-25">[២០]</a> France has a large number of decorated caves from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Paleolithic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Paleolithic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">upper Paleolithic</a> era, including one of the most famous and best preserved: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lascaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lascaux (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lascaux</a><a href="#cite_note-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17-25">[២០]</a> (approximately 18,000 BC). At the end of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Last_glacial_period&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Last glacial period (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">last glacial period</a> (10,000 BC), the climate softened<a href="#cite_note-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17-25">[២០]</a> and from approximately 7,000 BC, this part of Western Europe entered the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neolithic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neolithic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Neolithic</a> era and its inhabitants became <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedentary lifestyle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">sedentary</a>. After strong demographic and agricultural development between the 4th and 3rd millennia, metallurgy appeared at the end of the 3rd millennium, initially working gold, copper and bronze, and later iron.<a href="#cite_note-26">[២១]</a> France has numerous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Megalith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megalith (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">megalithic</a> sites from the Neolithic period, including the exceptionally dense <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnac_stones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carnac stones (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Carnac stones</a> site (approximately 3,300 BC). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ហ្គូល">ហ្គូល</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=4" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ហ្គូល">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaul (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gaul</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Celts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celts (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Celts</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Gaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Gaul (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Roman Gaul</a></div> In 600 BC, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ionian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Greeks</a>, originating from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocaea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phocaea (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Phocaea</a>, founded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_colonies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek colonies (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">colony of Massalia</a> (present-day <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marseille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marseille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marseille</a>), on the shores of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean Sea (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mediterranean Sea</a>. This makes it France's oldest city.<a href="#cite_note-The_Cambridge_ancient_history-27">[២២]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orrieux-28">[២៣]</a> At the same time, some Gallic Celtic tribes penetrated parts of the current territory of France, and this occupation spread to the rest of France between the 5th and 3rd century BC.<a href="#cite_note-29">[២៤]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:MaisonCarr%C3%A9e.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/MaisonCarr%C3%A9e.jpeg/220px-MaisonCarr%C3%A9e.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/MaisonCarr%C3%A9e.jpeg/330px-MaisonCarr%C3%A9e.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/MaisonCarr%C3%A9e.jpeg/440px-MaisonCarr%C3%A9e.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3090" data-file-height="2396" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_Carr%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison Carrée (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Maison Carrée</a> was a temple of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallo-Roman_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallo-Roman culture (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gallo-Roman</a> city of Nemausus (present-day <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%AEmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nîmes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nîmes</a>) and is one of the best preserved vestiges of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Roman Empire</a>.</figcaption></figure> The concept of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaul (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gaul</a> emerged at that time; it corresponds to the territories of Celtic settlement ranging between the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rhine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrenees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrenees (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pyrenees</a> and the Mediterranean. The borders of modern France are roughly the same as those of ancient Gaul, which was inhabited by Celtic Gauls. Gaul was then a prosperous country, of which the southernmost part was heavily subject to Greek and Roman influences. However, around 390 BC, the Gallic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribal_chief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribal chief (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">chieftain</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brennus_(4th_century_BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brennus (4th century BC) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Brennus</a> and his troops made their way to Italy through the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alps (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alps</a>, defeated the Romans in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Allia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Allia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Battle of the Allia</a>, and besieged and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ransom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ransom (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ransomed</a> Rome. The Gallic invasion left Rome weakened and the Gauls continued to harass the region until 345 BC, when they entered into a formal peace treaty with Rome. But the Romans and the Gauls would maintain an adversarial relationship for the next several centuries and the Gauls would remain a threat in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italy_(Roman_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italy (Roman Empire) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Italia</a>. Around 125 BC, the south of Gaul was conquered by the Romans, who called this region Provincia Romana ("Roman Province"), which over time evolved into the name <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provence (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Provence</a> in French.<a href="#cite_note-30">[២៥]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Caesar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Caesar (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Julius Caesar</a> conquered the remainder of Gaul and overcame a revolt carried out by the Gallic chieftain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vercingetorix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vercingetorix (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vercingetorix</a> in 52 BC.<a href="#cite_note-31">[២៦]</a> Gaul was divided by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Augustus</a> into Roman provinces.<a href="#cite_note-c53-32">[២៧]</a> Many cities were founded during the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Gaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Gaul (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gallo-Roman period</a>, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lugdunum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lugdunum (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lugdunum</a> (present-day <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lyon</a>), which is considered to be the capital of the Gauls.<a href="#cite_note-c53-32">[២៧]</a> These cities were built in traditional Roman style, with a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Forum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Forum (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">forum</a>, a theatre, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circus (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">circus</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphitheatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amphitheatre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">amphitheatre</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_bath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal bath (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">thermal baths</a>. The Gauls mixed with Roman settlers and eventually adopted <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romance_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romance languages (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Roman</a> speech (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Latin</a>, from which the French language evolved) and Roman culture. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_ancient_Rome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in ancient Rome (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Roman polytheism</a> merged with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_polytheism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celtic polytheism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gallic paganism</a> into the same <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syncretism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syncretism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">syncretism</a>. From the 250s to the 280s AD, Roman Gaul suffered a serious crisis with its "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Limes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">limes</a>" or fortified borders protecting the Empire being attacked on several occasions by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbarian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbarian (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">barbarians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-c77-33">[២៨]</a> Nevertheless, the situation improved in the first half of the 4th century, which was a period of revival and prosperity for Roman Gaul.<a href="#cite_note-34">[២៩]</a> In 312, the emperor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_the_Great&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine the Great (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Constantin I</a> converted to Christianity. Christians, persecuted until then, increased rapidly across the entire Roman Empire.<a href="#cite_note-35">[៣០]</a> But, from the beginning of the 5th century, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Migration_Period&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migration Period (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Barbarian Invasions</a> resumed,<a href="#cite_note-36">[៣១]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_peoples&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic peoples (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Germanic tribes</a>, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vandals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vandals (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vandals</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suebi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suebi (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Suebi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alans (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alans</a> crossed the Rhine and settled in Gaul, Spain and other parts of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decline_of_the_Roman_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decline of the Roman Empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">collapsing Roman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[៣២]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Francia_(3rd_century–843)">Kingdom of Francia (3rd century–843)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=5" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Kingdom of Francia (3rd century–843)">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Francia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merovingian_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merovingian dynasty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Merovingian dynasty</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolingian_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolingian dynasty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Carolingian dynasty</a></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">សូមមើលផងដែរ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of French monarchs (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">List of French monarchs</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_in_the_Middle_Ages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France in the Middle Ages (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France in the Middle Ages</a></div> At the end of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Late_Antiquity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Late Antiquity (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Antiquity</a> period, ancient Gaul was divided into several Germanic kingdoms and a remaining Gallo-Roman territory, known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Domain_of_Soissons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domain of Soissons (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Kingdom of Syagrius</a> (West). Simultaneously, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britons_(historical)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britons (historical) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Celtic Britons</a>, fleeing the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Saxon_settlement_of_Britain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain</a>, settled the western part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armorica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armorica (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Armorica</a>. As a result, the Armorican <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peninsula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peninsula (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">peninsula</a> was renamed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brittany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brittany (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Brittany</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Celts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celts (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Celtic culture</a> was revived and independent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petty_kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petty kingdom (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">petty kingdoms</a> arose in this region. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg/170px-Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg/255px-Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg/340px-Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2969" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clovis_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clovis I (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Clovis</a>' conversion to Catholicism in 498, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Frankish_kings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Frankish kings (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Frankish monarchy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elective_monarchy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elective monarchy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">elective</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secular state (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">secular</a> until then, became <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hereditary_monarchy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hereditary monarchy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">hereditary</a> and of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divine_right_of_kings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divine right of kings (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">divine right</a>.</figcaption></figure> The pagan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franks (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Franks</a>, from whom the ancient name of "Francie" was derived, originally settled the north part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaul (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gaul</a>, but under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clovis_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clovis I (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Clovis I</a> conquered most of the other kingdoms in northern and central Gaul. In 498, Clovis I was the first Germanic conqueror after the fall of the Roman Empire to convert to Catholic Christianity, rather than <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arianism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Arianism</a>; thus France was given the title "Eldest daughter of the Church" (បារាំង: La fille aînée de l’Église) by the papacy,<a href="#cite_note-38">[៣៣]</a> and French kings would be called "the Most Christian Kings of France" (Rex Christianissimus). The Franks embraced the Christian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallo-Roman_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallo-Roman culture (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gallo-Roman culture</a> and ancient Gaul was eventually renamed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Francia</a> ("Land of the Franks"). The Germanic Franks adopted <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romance_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romance languages (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Romanic languages</a>, except in north Gaul where Roman settlements were less dense and where <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic languages (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Germanic languages</a> emerged. Clovis made Paris his capital and established the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merovingian_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merovingian dynasty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Merovingian dynasty</a>, but his kingdom would not survive his death. The Franks treated land purely as a private possession and divided it among their heirs, so four kingdoms emerged from Clovis's: Paris, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orléans (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Orléans</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soissons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soissons (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Soissons</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reims&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reims (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rheims</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roi_fain%C3%A9ant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roi fainéant (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">last Merovingian kings</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_behind_the_throne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Power behind the throne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">lost power</a> to their <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor_of_the_Palace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayor of the Palace (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">mayors of the palace</a> (head of household). One mayor of the palace, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Martel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Martel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles Martel</a>, defeated an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_invasion_of_Gaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic invasion of Gaul (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Islamic invasion of Gaul</a> at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tours&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tours (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Battle of Tours</a> (732) and earned respect and power within the Frankish kingdoms. His son, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepin_the_Short&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pepin the Short (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pepin the Short</a>, seized the crown of Francia from the weakened Merovingians and founded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolingian_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolingian dynasty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Carolingian dynasty</a>. Pepin's son, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlemagne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlemagne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charlemagne</a>, reunited the Frankish kingdoms and built a vast empire across <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Europe (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Western</a> and Central Europe. Proclaimed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Roman Emperor (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Holy Roman Emperor</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Leo_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pope Leo III (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pope Leo III</a> and thus establishing in earnest the French government's longtime <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Roman_Catholicism_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Roman Catholicism in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">historical association</a> with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Catholic Church</a>,<a href="#cite_note-georgetown1-39">[៣៤]</a> Charlemagne tried to revive the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Roman_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Roman Empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Western Roman Empire</a> and its cultural grandeur. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:French_borders_from_985_to_1947.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/French_borders_from_985_to_1947.gif/220px-French_borders_from_985_to_1947.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/French_borders_from_985_to_1947.gif/330px-French_borders_from_985_to_1947.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/French_borders_from_985_to_1947.gif/440px-French_borders_from_985_to_1947.gif 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Territorial_evolution_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Territorial evolution of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French territorial evolution</a> from 985 to 1947</figcaption></figure> Charlemagne's son, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_Pious&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis the Pious (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis I</a> (emperor 814–840), kept the empire united; however, this Carolingian Empire would not survive his death. In 843, under the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Verdun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Verdun (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Treaty of Verdun</a>, the empire was divided between Louis' three sons, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Francia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">East Francia</a> going to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis the German (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis the German</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Francia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Middle Francia</a> to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lothair_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lothair I (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lothair I</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Francia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">West Francia</a> to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_the_Bald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles the Bald (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles the Bald</a>. West Francia approximated the area occupied by, and was the precursor, to modern France.<a href="#cite_note-40">[៣៥]</a> During the 9th and 10th centuries, continually threatened by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viking_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viking expansion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Viking invasions</a>, France became a very decentralised state: the nobility's titles and lands became hereditary, and the authority of the king became more religious than secular and thus was less effective and constantly challenged by powerful noblemen. Thus was established <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feudalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feudalism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">feudalism</a> in France. Over time, some of the king's vassals would grow so powerful that they often posed a threat to the king. For example, after the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hastings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Hastings (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Battle of Hastings</a> in 1066, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_the_Conqueror&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William the Conqueror (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">William the Conqueror</a> added "King of England" to his titles, becoming both the vassal to (as Duke of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normandy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Normandy</a>) and the equal of (as king of England) the king of France. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_France_(843–1791)">Kingdom of France (843–1791)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=6" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Kingdom of France (843–1791)">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Kingdom of France</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capetian_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capetian dynasty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Capetian dynasty</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valois_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valois dynasty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Valois dynasty</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourbon_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourbon dynasty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bourbon dynasty</a></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">សូមមើលផងដែរ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of French monarchs (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">List of French monarchs</a>,  <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_in_the_Middle_Ages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France in the Middle Ages (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France in the Middle Ages</a>,  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_modern_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early modern France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Early modern France</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancien_R%C3%A9gime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancien Régime (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ancien Régime</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/170px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/255px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/340px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_of_Arc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan of Arc (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Joan of Arc</a> led the French army to several important victories during the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hundred_Years%27_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hundred Years' War (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hundred Years' War</a> which paved the way for the final victory.</figcaption></figure> The Carolingian dynasty ruled France until 987, when <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Capet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Capet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hugh Capet</a>, Duke of France and Count of Paris, was crowned <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of French monarchs (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">King of the Franks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[៣៦]</a> His descendants – the <a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Capet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Capet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Capetians</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Valois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Valois (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">House of Valois</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Bourbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Bourbon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">House of Bourbon</a> – progressively unified the country through wars and dynastic inheritance into the Kingdom of France, which was fully declared in 1190 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_II_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip II of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Philip II Augustus</a>. Gerbert d'Aurillac (Gerbert of Aurillac) was the first French pope; his reign as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Sylvester_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pope Sylvester II (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pope Sylvester II</a> lasted from 999 to 1003. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albigensian_Crusade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albigensian Crusade (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Albigensian Crusade</a> was launched in 1209 to eliminate the heretical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catharism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catharism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cathars</a> in the south-western area of modern-day France. In the end, the Cathars were exterminated and the autonomous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Counts_of_Toulouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counts of Toulouse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">County of Toulouse</a> was annexed into the kingdom of France.<a href="#cite_note-42">[៣៧]</a> Later Kings expanded their territory to cover over half of modern continental France, including most of the North, Centre and West of France. Meanwhile, the royal authority became more and more assertive, centred around a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estates_of_the_realm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estates of the realm (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">hierarchically conceived society</a> distinguishing <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_nobility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French nobility (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">nobility</a>, clergy, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estates_General_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estates General (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">commoners</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_IV_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles IV of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles IV the Fair</a> died without an heir in 1328.<a href="#cite_note-guerard-43">[៣៨]</a> Under the rules of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salic_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salic law (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Salic law</a> the crown of France could not pass to a woman nor could the line of kingship pass through the female line.<a href="#cite_note-guerard-43">[៣៨]</a> Accordingly, the crown passed to Philip of Valois, a cousin of Charles, rather than through the female line to Charles' nephew, Edward, who would soon become <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_III_of_England&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward III of England (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Edward III of England</a>. During the reign of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip IV of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Philip of Valois</a>, the French monarchy reached the height of its medieval power.<a href="#cite_note-guerard-43">[៣៨]</a> However, Philip's seat on the throne was contested by Edward III of England and in 1337, on the eve of the first wave of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Death&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Death (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Black Death</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Encarta-44">[៣៩]</a> England and France went to war in what would become known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hundred_Years%27_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hundred Years' War (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hundred Years' War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[៤០]</a> The exact boundaries changed greatly with time, but French landholdings of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_monarchs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of English monarchs (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">English Kings</a> remained extensive for decades. With charismatic leaders, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_of_Arc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan of Arc (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Joan of Arc</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Hire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Hire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">La Hire</a>, strong French counterattacks won back English continental territories. Like the rest of Europe, France was struck by the Black Death. Around 1340, France had a population of approximately 17 million,<a href="#cite_note-46">[៤១]</a> which by the end of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandemic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandemic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">pandemic</a> had declined by about one-half.<a href="#cite_note-47">[៤២]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Francois_Dubois_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Francois_Dubois_001.jpg/220px-Francois_Dubois_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Francois_Dubois_001.jpg/330px-Francois_Dubois_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Francois_Dubois_001.jpg/440px-Francois_Dubois_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1331" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Bartholomew%27s_Day_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">St. Bartholomew's Day massacre</a> (1572) was the climax of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Wars_of_Religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Wars of Religion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Wars of Religion</a>, which were brought to an end by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Nantes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edict of Nantes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Edict of Nantes</a> (1598).</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Renaissance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Renaissance (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Renaissance</a> saw a long set of wars, known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Wars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian Wars (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Italian Wars</a>, between the Kingdom of France and the powerful <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Roman_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Roman Empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Holy Roman Empire</a>. It also saw the first standardization of the French language, which would become the official language of France and the language of Europe's aristocracy. French explorers, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Cartier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Cartier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jacques Cartier</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_de_Champlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel de Champlain (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Samuel de Champlain</a>, claimed lands in the Americas for France, paving the way for the expansion of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_colonial_empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French colonial empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">First French colonial empire</a>. The rise of Protestantism in Europe led France to a civil war known as the French Wars of Religion, where, in the most notorious incident, thousands of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huguenot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huguenot (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Huguenots</a> were murdered in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Bartholomew%27s_Day_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">St. Bartholomew's Day massacre</a> of 1572.<a href="#cite_note-48">[៤៣]</a> The Wars of Religion were ended by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_IV_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry IV of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Henry IV</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Nantes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edict of Nantes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Edict of Nantes</a>, which granted some freedom of religion to the Huguenots. Under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XIII_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XIII of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis XIII</a>, the energetic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardinal_Richelieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cardinal Richelieu (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cardinal Richelieu</a> reinforced the centralization of the state, royal power and French dominance in Europe, foreshadowing the reign of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XIV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XIV (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis XIV</a>. During Louis XIV's minority and the regency of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_of_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne of Austria (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Queen Anne</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardinal_Mazarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cardinal Mazarin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cardinal Mazarin</a>, a period of trouble known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fronde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fronde (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Fronde</a> occurred in France, which was at that time <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco-Spanish_War_(1635)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">at war with Spain</a>. This rebellion was driven by the great feudal lords and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereign_court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sovereign court (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">sovereign courts</a> as a reaction to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolutism_(European_history)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absolutism (European history) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">rise of royal power</a> in France. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Louis_le_Grand;_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg/170px-Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg/255px-Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg/340px-Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1589" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XIV_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XIV of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis XIV</a>, the "sun king" was the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_monarchy_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absolute monarchy in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">absolute monarch of France</a> and made France the leading European power.</figcaption></figure> The monarchy reached its peak during the 17th century and the reign of Louis XIV. By turning powerful feudal lords into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Courtier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">courtiers</a> at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palace_of_Versailles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palace of Versailles (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Palace of Versailles</a>, Louis XIV's personal power became unchallenged. Remembered for his numerous wars, he made France the leading European power. France possessed the largest population in Europe (see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Demographics of France</a>) and had tremendous influence over European politics, economy, and culture. French became the most-used language in diplomacy, science, literature and international affairs, and remained so until the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-Language_and_Diplomacy-49">[៤៤]</a> France obtained many overseas possessions in the Americas, Africa and Asia. Louis XIV <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Fontainebleau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edict of Fontainebleau (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">revoked the Edict of Nantes</a>, forcing thousands of Huguenots into exile. Under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XV_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XV of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis XV</a>, France lost <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">New France</a> and most of its <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French India (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Indian possessions</a> after its defeat in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Years%27_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven Years' War (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Seven Years' War</a>, which ended in 1763. Its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">continental territory</a> kept growing, however, with notable acquisitions such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorraine_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorraine (region) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lorraine</a> (1766) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corsica (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Corsica</a> (1770). An unpopular king, Louis XV's weak rule, his ill-advised financial, political and military decisions, and his debauchery discredited the monarchy and arguably led to the French Revolution 15 years after his death.<a href="#cite_note-50">[៤៥]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[៤៦]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XVI_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XVI of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis XVI</a>, Louis XV's grandson, actively <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France in the American Revolutionary War (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">supported the Americans</a>, who were seeking their <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Revolutionary_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Revolutionary War (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">independence from Great Britain</a> (realized in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Paris (1783) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a>). The example of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Revolution (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">American Revolution</a> and the financial crisis which followed France's involvement in it were two of many contributing factors to the French Revolution. Much of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Age_of_Enlightenment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Age of Enlightenment (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Enlightenment</a> occurred in French intellectual circles, and major scientific breakthroughs and inventions, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Lavoisier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Lavoisier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">discovery of oxygen</a> (1778) and the first <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montgolfier_brothers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montgolfier brothers (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">hot air balloon carrying passengers</a> (1783), were achieved by French scientists. French explorers, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Antoine_de_Bougainville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Antoine de Bougainville (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bougainville</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lapérouse</a>, took part in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_and_American_voyages_of_scientific_exploration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European and American voyages of scientific exploration (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">voyages of scientific exploration</a> through maritime expeditions around the globe. The Enlightenment philosophy, in which <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rationalism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">reason</a> is advocated as the primary source for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimacy_(political)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legitimacy (political) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">legitimacy</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Authority (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">authority</a>, undermined the power of and support for the monarchy and helped pave the way for the French Revolution. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republics_and_Empires_(1792–)">Republics and Empires (1792–)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=7" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Republics and Empires (1792–)">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Revolution (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99" title="ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ">ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_French_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second French Empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Second French Empire</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_colonial_empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French colonial empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French colonial empire</a></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">សូមមើលផងដែរ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_in_the_19th_century&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France in the 19th century (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France in the 19th century</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_in_the_20th_century&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France in the 20th century (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France in the 20th century</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/220px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/330px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/440px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8133" data-file-height="6181" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Storming_of_the_Bastille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storming of the Bastille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Storming of the Bastille</a> on 14 July 1789 was the starting event of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Revolution (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Revolution</a>.</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Storming_of_the_Bastille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storming of the Bastille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">storming of the Bastille</a> on 14 July 1789, the absolute monarchy was abolished and France became a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_France_(1791%E2%80%931792)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of France (1791–1792) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">constitutional monarchy</a>. Through the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a>, France established fundamental rights for French citizens (who could only be male). The Declaration affirms "the natural and imprescriptible rights of man" to "liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression". It called for the destruction of aristocratic privileges and proclaimed freedom and equal rights for all men, as well as access to public office based on talent rather than birth. របបរាជានិយមត្រូវបានរឹតបន្តឹង ហើយប្រជាពលរដ្ឋទាំងអស់ត្រូវមានសិទ្ធិចូលរួមក្នុងដំណើរការនីតិបញ្ញត្តិ។ សេរីភាពនៃការបញ្ចេញមតិ និងសារព័ត៌មានត្រូវបានប្រកាស ហើយការចាប់ខ្លួនតាមអំពើចិត្តមិនត្រូវបានអនុញ្ញាត។ សេចក្តីថ្លែងការណ៍ក៏បានអះអាងនូវគោលការណ៍នៃអធិបតេយ្យភាពដ៏ពេញនិយម ដែលផ្ទុយពីសិទ្ធិដ៏ទេវភាពរបស់ស្តេចដែលកំណត់លក្ខណៈនៃរាជាធិបតេយ្យបារាំង និងសមភាពសង្គមក្នុងចំណោមប្រជាពលរដ្ឋ ដោយលុបបំបាត់ឯកសិទ្ធិរបស់អភិជន និងបព្វជិត។ While Louis XVI, as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_France_(1791%E2%80%9392)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of France (1791–92) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">constitutional king</a>, enjoyed popularity among the population, his disastrous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flight_to_Varennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flight to Varennes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">flight to Varennes</a> seemed to justify rumours he had tied his hopes of political salvation to the prospects of foreign invasion. His credibility was deeply undermined to the extent that the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abolished_monarchy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abolished monarchy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">abolition of the monarchy</a> and establishment of a republic became an increasing possibility. European <a href="/w/index.php?title=Declaration_of_Pillnitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declaration of Pillnitz (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">monarchies gathered</a> against the new régime, to restore the French absolute monarchy. The foreign threat exacerbated France's political turmoil and deepened the sense of urgency among the various factions and <a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_First_Coalition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War of the First Coalition (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">war was declared against Austria</a> on 20 April 1792. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riot (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mob violence</a> occurred during the <a href="/w/index.php?title=10_August_(French_Revolution)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10 August (French Revolution) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">insurrection of 10 August 1792</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[៤៧]</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=September_Massacres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="September Massacres (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">following month</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[៤៨]</a> As a result of this violence and the political instability of the constitutional monarchy, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_First_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French First Republic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Republic was proclaimed</a> on 22 September 1792. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Napoleon_in_1806.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Napoleon_in_1806.PNG/170px-Napoleon_in_1806.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Napoleon_in_1806.PNG/255px-Napoleon_in_1806.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Napoleon_in_1806.PNG/340px-Napoleon_in_1806.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1740" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Napoleon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_of_the_French&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor of the French (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Emperor of the French</a>, and his <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grande_Arm%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grande Armée (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Grande Armée</a> built a <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Empire">vast Empire</a> across Europe. He helped spread the French revolutionary ideals and his legal reforms had a major influence worldwide.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XVI_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XVI of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis XVI</a> was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_of_Louis_XVI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trial of Louis XVI (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">convicted</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treason (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">treason</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Execution_of_Louis_XVI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Execution of Louis XVI (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">guillotined</a> in 1793. Facing increasing pressure from European monarchies, internal guerrilla wars and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Counter-revolutionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counter-revolutionary (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">counterrevolutions</a> (such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War in the Vendée (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">War in the Vendée</a> or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chouannerie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chouannerie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Chouannerie</a>), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Convention (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">young Republic</a> fell into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reign_of_Terror&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reign of Terror (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Reign of Terror</a>. Between 1793 and 1794, between 16,000 and 40,000 people were executed. In Western France, the civil war between the Bleus ("Blues", supporters of the Revolution) and the Blancs ("Whites", supporters of the Monarchy) lasted from 1793 to 1796 and led to the loss of between 200,000 and 450,000 lives.<a href="#cite_note-54">[៤៩]</a><a href="#cite_note-hussenet-55">[៥០]</a> Both foreign armies and French counterrevolutionnaries were crushed and the French Republic survived. Furthermore, it extended greatly its boundaries and established "<a href="/w/index.php?title=French_client_republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French client republic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sister Republics</a>" in the surrounding countries. As the threat of a foreign invasion receded and France became mostly pacified, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermidorian_Reaction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermidorian Reaction (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Thermidorian Reaction</a> put an end to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilien_Robespierre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximilien Robespierre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Robespierre</a>'s rule and to the Terror. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abolitionism_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abolitionism in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">abolition of slavery</a> and male <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_suffrage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universal suffrage (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">universal suffrage</a>, enacted during this radical phase of the revolution, were cancelled by subsequent governments. After a <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Directory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Directory (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">short-lived governmental scheme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=18_Brumaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18 Brumaire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">seized control of the Republic</a> in 1799 becoming <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Consulate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Consulate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">First Consul</a> and later <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_Year_XII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of the Year XII (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a> (1804–1814/1815). As a continuation of <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Revolutionary_Wars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Revolutionary Wars (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">the wars</a> sparked by the European monarchies against the French Republic, changing sets of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleonic_Wars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleonic Wars (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">European Coalitions</a> declared wars on Napoleon's Empire. His armies conquered most of continental Europe, while members of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Bonaparte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Bonaparte (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bonaparte</a> family were appointed as monarchs in some of the newly established kingdoms.<a href="#cite_note-Blanning-56">[៥១]</a> These victories led to the worldwide expansion of French revolutionary ideals and reforms, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metric system (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Metric system</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleonic_Code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleonic Code (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Napoleonic Code</a> and the Declaration of the Rights of Man. After the catastrophic <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_invasion_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French invasion of Russia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Russian campaign</a>, Napoleon was <a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War of the Sixth Coalition (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">defeated</a> and the Bourbon monarchy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourbon_Restoration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourbon Restoration (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">restored</a>. About a million Frenchmen died during the Napoleonic Wars.<a href="#cite_note-Blanning-56">[៥១]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Douaumont_Ossuary_cemetery.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Douaumont_Ossuary_cemetery.JPG/220px-Douaumont_Ossuary_cemetery.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Douaumont_Ossuary_cemetery.JPG/330px-Douaumont_Ossuary_cemetery.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Douaumont_Ossuary_cemetery.JPG/440px-Douaumont_Ossuary_cemetery.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douaumont_ossuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douaumont ossuary (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Douaumont ossuary</a>. With 4.3 million wounded from a population of only 39.6 million at the time, the Third French Republic sustained the highest <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_I_casualties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World War I casualties (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">number of total casualties</a> among the Allies during <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World War I (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">World War I</a>.</figcaption></figure> After his <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hundred_Days&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hundred Days (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">brief return</a> from exile, Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Waterloo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Waterloo (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Battle of Waterloo</a>, the monarchy was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourbon_Restoration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourbon Restoration (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">re-established</a> (1815–1830), with new constitutional limitations. The discredited Bourbon dynasty was overthrown by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="July Revolution (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">July Revolution</a> of 1830, which established the constitutional <a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Monarchy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="July Monarchy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">July Monarchy</a>, which lasted until 1848, when the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Second_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Second Republic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Second Republic</a> was proclaimed, in the wake of the European <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolutions_of_1848&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolutions of 1848 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Revolutions of 1848</a>. The abolition of slavery and male <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_suffrage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universal suffrage (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">universal suffrage</a>, both briefly enacted during the French Revolution were re-enacted in 1848. In 1852, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">president of the French Republic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon III (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte</a>, Napoleon I’s nephew, was proclaimed emperor of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_French_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second French Empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">second Empire</a>, as Napoleon III. He multiplied French interventions abroad, especially in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crimean War (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Crimea</a>, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_intervention_in_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French intervention in Mexico (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mexico</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Italian_War_of_Independence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Italian War of Independence (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Italy</a>. Napoleon III was unseated following defeat in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco-Prussian_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco-Prussian War (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Franco-Prussian War</a> of 1870 and his regime was replaced by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Third_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Third Republic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Third Republic</a>. France had <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_colonial_empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French colonial empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">colonial possessions</a>, in various forms, since the beginning of the 17th century. In the 19th and 20th centuries, its <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_largest_empires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of largest empires (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">global overseas colonial empire</a> extended greatly and became the second largest in the world behind the <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">British Empire</a>. Including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">metropolitan France</a>, the total area of land under French <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereignty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sovereignty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">sovereignty</a> almost reached 13 million square kilometres in the 1920s and 1930s, 8.6% of the world's land. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/170px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/255px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/340px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3663" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_Gaulle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de Gaulle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles de Gaulle</a> took an active part in all major events of the 20th century: a hero of World War I, leader of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_French_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free French Forces (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Free French</a> during <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World War II (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">World War II</a>, he then became <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">President</a>, where he facilitated decolonization, maintained France as a major power and overcame the <a href="/w/index.php?title=May_1968_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="May 1968 in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">revolt of May 1968</a>.</figcaption></figure> France was a member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triple_Entente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triple Entente (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Triple Entente</a> when World War I broke out. A small part of Northern France was occupied, but France and its allies emerged victorious against the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Powers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Powers (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Central Powers</a>, at a tremendous human and material cost. World War I left 1.4 million French soldiers dead, 4% of its population,<a href="#cite_note-57">[៥២]</a> between 27 and 30% of the conscript classes of 1912–1915.<a href="#cite_note-58">[៥៣]</a> The interbellum years were marked by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">intense international tensions</a> and a variety of social reforms introduced by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_Front_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popular Front (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Popular Front government</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Annual_leave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annual leave (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Annual leave</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eight-hour_day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eight-hour day (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">working time reduction</a>, women in Government among others). France was occupied following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazi_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazi Germany (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">German</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blitzkrieg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blitzkrieg (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Blitzkrieg</a> campaign in World War II, with metropolitan France divided into a <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">German occupation zone in the north</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vichy_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vichy France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vichy France</a>, a newly established authoritarian regime collaborating with Germany, in the south.<a href="#cite_note-59">[៥៤]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allies (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Allies</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Resistance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Resistance (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Resistance</a> eventually emerged victorious from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axis_powers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axis powers (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Axis powers</a> and French sovereignty was restored. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Fourth_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Fourth Republic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Fourth Republic</a> was established after World War II and saw spectacular economic growth (les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trente_Glorieuses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trente Glorieuses (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Trente Glorieuses</a>). Suffrage was extended to women in 1944. France was one of the founding members of <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a> (1949). France attempted to <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Indochina_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Indochina War (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">regain control of French Indochina</a> but was defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" class="mw-redirect" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a> in 1954. Only months later, France faced a new <a href="/w/index.php?title=Algerian_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algerian War (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">conflict in Algeria</a>. The debate over whether or not to keep control of <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Algeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Algeria (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Algeria</a>, then home to over one million <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pied-Noir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pied-Noir (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">European settlers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-60">[៥៥]</a> wracked the country and nearly led to civil war. In 1958, the weak and unstable Fourth Republic gave way to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Fifth_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Fifth Republic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Fifth Republic</a>, which contained a strengthened Presidency.<a href="#cite_note-61">[៥៦]</a> In the latter role, Charles de Gaulle managed to keep the country together while taking steps to end the war. The Algerian War was concluded with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89vian_Accords&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Évian Accords (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Évian Accords</a> in 1962 that led to Algerian independence. France granted independence progressively to its colonies. A vestige of the colonial empire are the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Overseas_departments_and_territories_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overseas departments and territories of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French overseas departments and territories</a>. In the wake of the series of worldwide <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protests_of_1968&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protests of 1968 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">protests of 1968</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=May_1968_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="May 1968 in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">revolt of May 1968</a> had an enormous social impact. In France, it is considered to be the watershed moment when a conservative moral ideal (religion, patriotism, respect for authority) shifted towards a more liberal moral ideal. ប្រទេសបារាំងបានឈានមុខគេក្នុងប្រទេសជាសមាជិកសហភាពអឺរ៉ុបដែលកំពុងស្វែងរកទុនលើសន្ទុះនៃសហជីពរូបិយវត្ថុដើម្បីបង្កើតឧបករណ៍នយោបាយ ការការពារ និងសន្តិសុខរបស់សហភាពអឺរ៉ុបដែលមានការរួបរួម និងមានសមត្ថភាពជាងមុន។<a href="#cite_note-62">[៥៧]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ភូមិសាស្ត្រ">ភូមិសាស្ត្រ</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=8" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ភូមិសាស្ត្រ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geography of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Geography of France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:France_cities.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/France_cities.png/330px-France_cities.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/France_cities.png/495px-France_cities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/France_cities.png/660px-France_cities.png 2x" data-file-width="1797" data-file-height="1796" /></a><figcaption>A relief map of Metropolitan France, showing cities with over 100,000 inhabitants.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Metropolitan France</a> is situated mostly between latitudes <a href="/w/index.php?title=41st_parallel_north&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="41st parallel north (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">41°</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=51st_parallel_north&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="51st parallel north (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">51° N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_meridian_west&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th meridian west (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">6° W</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_meridian_east&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th meridian east (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">10° E</a>, on the western edge of Europe, and thus lies within the northern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperateness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temperateness (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">temperate</a> zone. From northeast to southwest, France shares borders with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belgium (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Belgium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourg (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Switzerland (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Italy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monaco (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andorra (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Andorra</a>. France also borders <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suriname (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Suriname</a> to its west and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brazil (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Brazil</a> to its east and south, by way of the overseas region of <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Guiana (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Guiana</a>, which is considered an integral part of the Republic.<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corsica (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Corsica</a> and the French mainland form <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Metropolitan France</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadeloupe (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Guadeloupe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martinique (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Martinique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Réunion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Réunion</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayotte (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mayotte</a> form, with French Guiana, the overseas regions. These two integral groupings, along with several <a href="/w/index.php?title=Overseas_collectivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overseas collectivity (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">overseas collectivities</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">one territory</a>, comprise the French Republic. The European territory of France covers 547,030 square kilometres (211,209 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> the largest among <a href="/wiki/European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union">European Union</a> members.<a href="#cite_note-superficy-22">[១៧]</a> France possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alps (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alps</a> in the south-east, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massif_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massif Central (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Massif Central</a> in the south-central and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrenees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrenees (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pyrenees</a> in the south-west. At 4,810.45 ម៉ែត្រs (15,782 ft)<a href="#cite_note-64">[៥៩]</a> above sea level, the highest point in Western Europe, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont_Blanc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont Blanc (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mont Blanc</a>, is situated in the Alps on the border between France and Italy. France also has extensive river systems such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Seine</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Loire</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garonne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Garonne</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhone (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rhone</a>, which divides the Massif Central from the Alps and flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camargue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camargue (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Camargue</a>. Corsica lies off the Mediterranean coast. France's total land area, with its overseas departments and territories (excluding <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ad%C3%A9lie_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adélie Land (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Adélie Land</a>), is 674,843 km2 (260,558 sq mi), 0.45% of the total land area on Earth. France possesses the second largest <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_economic_zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exclusive economic zone (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">exclusive economic zone</a> (EEZ) in the world,<a href="#cite_note-65">[៦០]</a> covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,637 sq mi), approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, just behind the US (11,351,000 km2 or 4,382,646 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-66">[៦១]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=9" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Climate">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> The north and northwest have a temperate climate, while a combination of maritime influences, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latitude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latitude (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">latitude</a> and altitude produce a varied climate in the rest of Metropolitan France.<a href="#cite_note-climate-67">[៦២]</a> In the south-east a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_climate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean climate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mediterranean climate</a> prevails. In the west, the climate is predominantly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanic_climate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oceanic climate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">oceanic</a> with a high level of rainfall, mild winters and cool to warm summers. Inland the climate becomes more <a href="/w/index.php?title=Continental_climate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Continental climate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">continental</a> with hot, stormy summers, colder winters and less rain. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_the_Alps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of the Alps (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">climate of the Alps</a> and other mountainous regions is mainly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpine_climate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpine climate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">alpine</a>, with the number of days with temperatures below freezing over 150 per year and snow cover lasting for up to six months. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Aiguille1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limestone cliffs of Normandy near Étretat"><img alt="Limestone cliffs of Normandy near Étretat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Aiguille1.jpg/90px-Aiguille1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Aiguille1.jpg/135px-Aiguille1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Aiguille1.jpg/180px-Aiguille1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limestone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limestone (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Limestone</a> cliffs of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normandy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Normandy</a> near <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tretat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étretat (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Étretat</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Lavender_field.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mediterranean vegetation (lavender) in Provence"><img alt="Mediterranean vegetation (lavender) in Provence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/120px-Lavender_field.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/180px-Lavender_field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/240px-Lavender_field.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="778" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean Sea (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mediterranean</a> vegetation (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lavender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lavender (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">lavender</a>) in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provence (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Provence</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Beauce_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The plains of the Beauce"><img alt="The plains of the Beauce" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Beauce_3.jpg/120px-Beauce_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Beauce_3.jpg/180px-Beauce_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Beauce_3.jpg/240px-Beauce_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> The plains of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beauce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beauce (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Beauce</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alpine climate in the French Alps"><img alt="Alpine climate in the French Alps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg/120px-Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg/180px-Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg/240px-Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpine_climate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpine climate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alpine climate</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Alps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Alps (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Alps</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Verdon_Trescaire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Verdon Gorge in Provence"><img alt="Verdon Gorge in Provence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Verdon_Trescaire.jpg/120px-Verdon_Trescaire.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Verdon_Trescaire.jpg/180px-Verdon_Trescaire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Verdon_Trescaire.jpg/240px-Verdon_Trescaire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="3295" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdon_Gorge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verdon Gorge (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Verdon Gorge</a> in Provence</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vineyards in Côte de Nuits, Burgundy"><img alt="Vineyards in Côte de Nuits, Burgundy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg/120px-Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg/180px-Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg/240px-Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="927" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_wine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French wine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vineyards</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4te_de_Nuits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Côte de Nuits (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Côte de Nuits</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgundy_(French_region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burgundy (French region) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Burgundy</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Lac_Vert_de_Fontanalbe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alpine climate in Mercantour National Park"><img alt="Alpine climate in Mercantour National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lac_Vert_de_Fontanalbe.jpg/120px-Lac_Vert_de_Fontanalbe.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lac_Vert_de_Fontanalbe.jpg/180px-Lac_Vert_de_Fontanalbe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lac_Vert_de_Fontanalbe.jpg/240px-Lac_Vert_de_Fontanalbe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpine_climate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpine climate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alpine climate</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercantour_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercantour National Park (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mercantour National Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tropical climate in Bora Bora (French Polynesia)"><img alt="Tropical climate in Bora Bora (French Polynesia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg/120px-Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg/180px-Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg/240px-Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1356" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropical_climate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropical climate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tropical climate</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bora_Bora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bora Bora (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bora Bora</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Polynesia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Polynesia</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Pointe_du_van.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heathland in Pointe du Van, Western Brittany"><img alt="Heathland in Pointe du Van, Western Brittany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/120px-Pointe_du_van.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/180px-Pointe_du_van.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/240px-Pointe_du_van.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heathland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heathland (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Heathland</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pointe_du_Van&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pointe du Van (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pointe du Van</a>, Western <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brittany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brittany (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Brittany</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:PassesBassin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Oceanic climate and sandy beach in Arcachon Bay"><img alt="Oceanic climate and sandy beach in Arcachon Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/PassesBassin.JPG/120px-PassesBassin.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/PassesBassin.JPG/180px-PassesBassin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/PassesBassin.JPG/240px-PassesBassin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1614" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanic_climate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oceanic climate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Oceanic climate</a> and sandy beach in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcachon_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcachon Bay (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Arcachon Bay</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Semi-arid climate in Corsica"><img alt="Semi-arid climate in Corsica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg/120px-Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg/180px-Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg/240px-Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Semi-arid climate in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corsica (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Corsica</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="បរិស្ថាន">បរិស្ថាន</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=10" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ បរិស្ថាន">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">សូមមើលផងដែរ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Ecology,_Sustainable_Development_and_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy</a>,  <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_parks_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National parks of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">National parks of France</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_natural_parks_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regional natural parks of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Regional natural parks of France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/220px-Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/330px-Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/440px-Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4920" data-file-height="2347" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_natural_parks_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regional natural parks of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Regional</a> (green) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_parks_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National parks of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">National (pink) natural parks</a> in France. Indicated in green and purple colour respectively.</figcaption></figure> France was one of the first countries to create an environment ministry, in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-68">[៦៣]</a> Although France is one of the most industrialised countries, it is ranked <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">only seventeenth</a> by carbon dioxide emissions, behind less populous nations such as Canada or Australia. This situation results from the France's decision to invest in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear power (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">nuclear power</a> in 1974 after the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_oil_crisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1973 oil crisis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1973 oil crisis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-69">[៦៤]</a> which now accounts for 75% of France's electricity production<a href="#cite_note-70">[៦៥]</a> and explains why France pollutes less than comparable countries.<a href="#cite_note-71">[៦៦]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[៦៧]</a> Like all European Union members, France agreed to cut carbon emissions by at least 20% of 1990 levels by the year 2020,<a href="#cite_note-73">[៦៨]</a> in comparison the US agreed to a cut of 4% of its emissions.<a href="#cite_note-Les_quatre_enjeux_de_Copenhague-74">[៦៩]</a> In 2009, French carbon dioxide emissions per capita was lower than the Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-75">[៧០]</a> France was set to impose a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon tax (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">carbon tax</a> in 2009 at 17 Euros per tonne of carbon emitted.<a href="#cite_note-76">[៧១]</a> The carbon tax would have brought in 4 billion Euros of revenue per year.<a href="#cite_note-77">[៧២]</a> But the tax was abandoned for various reasons, including that French companies would have difficulty competing with companies in neighbouring countries that would not have to pay such steep taxes on carbon emissions. Instituting a carbon tax was an unpopular political move for President Sarkozy.<a href="#cite_note-78">[៧៣]</a> In 2010, a study at Yale and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbia University (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Columbia</a> universities ranked France the seventh most environmentally conscious country in the world.<a href="#cite_note-79">[៧៤]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[៧៥]</a> Forests account for 28% of the land area of France.<a href="#cite_note-81">[៧៦]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[៧៧]</a> French forests are some of the most diversified of Europe, with more than 140 differents varieties of trees.<a href="#cite_note-83">[៧៨]</a> There are nine <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National park (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">national parks</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[៧៩]</a> and 46 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected area (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">natural parks</a> in France.<a href="#cite_note-85">[៨០]</a> France wants to convert 20% of its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_economic_zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exclusive economic zone (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Exclusive Economic Zone</a> to a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_protected_area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine protected area (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marine Protected Area</a> by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-86">[៨១]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="លក្ខណៈទូទៅរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង"><span id=".E1.9E.9B.E1.9E.80.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.81.E1.9E.8E.E1.9F.88.E1.9E.91.E1.9E.BC.E1.9E.91.E1.9F.85.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.94.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.8B.E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.91.E1.9F.81.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.94.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.B6.E1.9F.86.E1.9E.84">លក្ខណៈទូទៅរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=11" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ លក្ខណៈទូទៅរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Lavender_field.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/220px-Lavender_field.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/330px-Lavender_field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/440px-Lavender_field.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg/220px-Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg/330px-Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg/440px-Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1356" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/220px-Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/330px-Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/440px-Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5067" data-file-height="3046" /></a><figcaption>Place du Capitole</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg/220px-France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg/330px-France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg/440px-France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="1686" /></a><figcaption> Château de Chambord</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ផ្ទៃដី">ផ្ទៃដី</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=12" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ផ្ទៃដី">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> មានផ្ទៃដីចំនួន ៥៥០០០០ គីឡូម៉ែត្រការេ។ ប្រទេសបារាំងលាតសន្ធឹងលើទឹកដីនៃទ្វីបអឺរ៉ុបភាគខាងលិច ប្រហែល១ភាគ១៥នៃផ្ទៃ ដីសហភាពអឺរ៉ុប ទាំងមូល ហើយជា ប្រទេសមួយដែលមានតំបន់សមុទ្រធំទូលាយ (ជា តំបន់សេដ្ឋកិច្ច ផ្ដាច់មុខលាតសន្ឋឹងលើផ្ទៃ១១លាន គម២)។ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ស្ថានភាពដី">ស្ថានភាពដី</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=13" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ស្ថានភាពដី">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <ul><li>តំបន់ទំនាប ៖ ២/៣ នៃផ្ទៃដីទាំងមូល.</li> <li>ប្រជុំភ្នំសំខាន់ៗ: ភ្នំអាល់ (Alpes) ភ្នំដែលមានកំពស់ខ្ពស់ជាងគេនៅអឺរ៉ុបភាគខាងលិច គឺភ្នំម៉ុងប្លង់ ដែលមានកំពស់ ៤៨០៧ម៉ែត្រ ភ្នំពីរេណ៉េ ភ្នំហ៊្សុយរ៉ា ភ្នំអាកឌែន ភ្នំម៉ាស៊្សីស សង់ត្រាល់ និងភ្នំវ៉ូហ្សឺ។</li> <li>តំបន់មាត់សមុទ្រ: ដោយមានព្រំប្រទល់ជាប់នឹងសមុទ្រចំនួន៤ សមុទ្រខាងជើង សមុទ្រឡាម៉ង់ មហាសមុទ្រ អាត្លង់ទិច និងសមុទ្រម៉េឌីទែរ៉ាណេ ប្រទេសបារាំងមាន ឆ្នេរសរុបប្រវែង ៥៥០០គីឡូម៉ែត្រ។</li> <li>ដែនដីសំខាន់ហ៊ុំព័ទ្ឋដោយ <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="មហាសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិក">មហាសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិក</a>នៅខាងលិច <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សមុទ្រម៉ង់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សមុទ្រម៉ង់</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សមុទ្រខាងជើង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សមុទ្រខាងជើង</a>(la mer du Nord)នៅខាងជើង ប្រទេស<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បែលហ្ស៊ីក (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បែលហ្ស៊ីក</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លុចហ្សំបួរ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">លុចហ្សំបួរ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="អាលឺម៉ង់">អាលឺម៉ង់</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F" title="ស្វីស">ស្វីស</a>និង<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8" title="អ៊ីតាលី">អ៊ីតាលី</a> នៅខាងកើត និងដោយ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ានេ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ានេ</a> ប្រទេស<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6" title="អង់ដូរ៉ា">អង់ដូរ៉ា</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC" title="ម៉ូណាកូ">ម៉ូណាកូ</a> និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អេស្បាញ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អេស្បាញ</a>នៅខាងត្បូង។</li> <li>ដែនដីឯនាយសមុទ្រមាន <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្គុយយ៉ាន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្គុយយ៉ាន</a>(la Guyane)និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កោះសាំងម៉ាតាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កោះសាំងម៉ាតាំង</a>( l’île de Saint-Martin)នៅ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទ្វីបអាមេរិកខាងត្បូង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទ្វីបអាមេរិកខាងត្បូង</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប៉ូលីនេស៊ីបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប៉ូលីនេស៊ីបារាំង</a>( la Polynésie française) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វ៉ាលីនិងហ្វុទុណា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វ៉ាលីនិងហ្វុទុណា</a>(Wallis-et-Futuna) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ណូវ៉ែលកាលេដូនី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ណូវ៉ែលកាលេដូនី</a>(la Nouvelle-Calédonie) និងកោះ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ខ្លីបពឺតុង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ខ្លីបពឺតុង</a>(l’Île Clipperton) នៅ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="មហាសមុទ្រប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក">មហាសមុទ្រប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឡារ៉េអ៊ុយនីញ៉ុង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឡារ៉េអ៊ុយនីញ៉ុង</a>(La Réunion) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ម៉ាយ៉ុត (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ម៉ាយ៉ុត</a>(Mayotte) និងកោះ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អេប៉ាស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អេប៉ាស</a>(Îles Éparses)នៅ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6" title="មហាសមុទ្រឥណ្ឌា">មហាសមុទ្រឥណ្ឌា</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដែនដែអូស្ត្រាល់និងអង់តាទិកបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដែនដែអូស្ត្រាល់និងអង់តាទិកបារាំង</a></li></ul> (les Terres australes et antarctiques françaises)នៅ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទ្វីបអូសេអានី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទ្វីបអូសេអានី</a>និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="មហាសមុទ្រអង់តាទិក (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">មហាសមុទ្រអង់តាទិក</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្គាដឺលូប (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្គាដឺលូប</a>(la Guadeloupe) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ម៉ាទីនីក (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ម៉ាទីនីក</a>(la Martinique) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កោះសាំងម៉ាតាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កោះសាំងម៉ាតាំង</a>(l’île Saint-Martin)<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កោះសាំងបេទេលេមី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កោះសាំងបេទេលេមី</a>(l’île Saint-Barthélemy) នៅ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សមុទ្រការ៉ាអ៊ីប (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សមុទ្រការ៉ាអ៊ីប</a>។ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="អាកាសធាតុ">អាកាសធាតុ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=14" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ អាកាសធាតុ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> ប្រទេសបារាំងស្ថិតក្រោមឥទ្ធិពលអាកាសធាតុ៣ប្រភេទ៖ <ul><li>ផ្នែកខាងលិចនៃប្រទេសបារាំងទទួលរងឥទ្ធិពលអាកាសធាតុមហាសមុទ្រ</li> <li>ផ្នែកខាងត្បូងទទួលរងឥទ្ធិពលអាកាសធាតុម៉េឌីទេរ៉ាណេ</li> <li>ភាគកណ្ដាល និងខាងកើតទទួលរងឥទ្ធិពលអាកាសធាតុពីដែនទ្វីបជាអាកាសធាតុក្ដៅ ត្រជាក់ខ្លាំង ។</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="បរិស្ថាន_2">បរិស្ថាន</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=15" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ បរិស្ថាន">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg/170px-Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg/255px-Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg/340px-Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1975" /></a><figcaption>Louis XIV of France</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Versailles_Garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Versailles_Garden.jpg/220px-Versailles_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Versailles_Garden.jpg/330px-Versailles_Garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Versailles_Garden.jpg/440px-Versailles_Garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Château de Versailles</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/170px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/255px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/340px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="4636" /></a><figcaption>Declaration of Human Rights</figcaption></figure> តំបន់ផលិតផលកសិកម្ម និងព្រៃឈើគ្របដណ្ដប់លើផ្ទៃដី៤៨លានហិកតា គឺស្មើនឹង៨២%នៃផ្ទៃដីគោក។ ព្រៃក្រាស់លាតសន្ធឹងលើ២៦%នៃផ្ទៃដីហើយជាប់ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់លេខ៣នៅអឺរ៉ុប បន្ទាប់ពី ស៊ុយអែដ និងហ្វាំងឡង់ ។ ផ្ទៃដីព្រៃឈើនៅប្រទេសបារាំងបានកើន៤៦%ចាប់តាំងពីឆ្នាំ១៩៤៥ ហើយនឹងកើនឡើងទ្វេដងក្នុងរយៈពេល២០០ឆ្នាំ។ លើលពីនេះ គេឃើញមាន ដើមឈើចំនួន១៣៦ប្រភេទផ្សេងគ្នានៅក្នុងប្រទេសបារាំង ដែលនេះគឺជាករណីពិសេសមួយសំរាប់ប្រទេសនៅក្នុងទ្វីបអឺរ៉ុប។ ចំនួនសត្វព្រៃមាន ការកើនឡើង ក្នុងរយៈពេលតែ២០ឆ្នាំ សត្វប្រើសមានចំនួនកើន ឡើងទ្វេ ដង រីឯពពួកសត្វឈ្លូសវិញកើនឡើងបីដង។ ដើម្បីថែរក្សា និងលើកតំកើងបេតិកភណ្ឌធម្មជាតិរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង រដ្ឋបានបង្កើត ៖ <ul><li>ឧទ្យានជាតិចំនួន៧</li> <li>តំបន់ការពារធម្មជាតិ១៥៦កន្លែង</li> <li>តំបន់ការពាររុក្ខជាតិ និងសត្វចំនួន៥១៦កន្លែង</li> <li>តំបន់រមណីដ្ឋាន ៤២៩កន្លែង ស្ថិតក្រោមការការពាររបស់ការិយាល័យការពារដែន សមុទ្រ</li> <li>រាប់បញ្ចូលផងដែរនូវឧទ្យានធម្មជាតិ៤៣កន្លែង។ </li></ul> នៅលើឆាកអន្ដរជាតិ ប្រទេសបារាំងជាភាគីនៃសន្ធិសញ្ញា និងអនុសញ្ញាជាច្រើនក្នុងនោះ មានទាំង អនុសញ្ញា អង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិស្ដីអំពីអា-កាសធាតុ ជីវៈចំរុះ និងការប្រែក្លាយ ជាតំបន់រហស្ថាន។ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ប្រជាសាស្ត្រ">ប្រជាសាស្ត្រ</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=16" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ប្រជាសាស្ត្រ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Demographics of France</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French people (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French people</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:France_population_density_40pc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/France_population_density_40pc.png/220px-France_population_density_40pc.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/France_population_density_40pc.png/330px-France_population_density_40pc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/France_population_density_40pc.png/440px-France_population_density_40pc.png 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="2018" /></a><figcaption>Population density in the French Republic at the 1999 census.</figcaption></figure> With an estimated population of 66 million people in July 2013, France is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_population&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by population (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">21st most populous country in the world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> In 2004, the Institut Montaigne estimated there were 51 million (85%) white people, 6 million (10%) North African people, 2 million (3.5%) black people and 1 million (1.5%) people of Asian origin in Metropolitan France.<a href="#cite_note-87">[៨២]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[៨៣]</a> In 2003, France's natural population growth (excluding immigration) was responsible for almost all natural population growth in the European Union. The natural growth rate (excess of births over deaths) rose to 300,000 in 2006,<a href="#cite_note-evol-89">[៨៤]</a> its highest since the end of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baby_boom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baby boom (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">baby boom</a> in 1973. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Total_fertility_rate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Total fertility rate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">total fertility rate</a> rose to 2 in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-population-90">[៨៥]</a> from a nadir of 1.7 in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-91">[៨៦]</a> From 2006 to 2011 population growth was on average +0.6% per year.<a href="#cite_note-evol-89">[៨៤]</a> In 2010, 27% of newborns in metropolitan France had at least one <a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">foreign-born</a> parent and 24% had at least one parent born outside of Europe (parents born in overseas territories are considered as born in France).<a href="#cite_note-92">[៨៧]</a> In 2008, the French national institute of statistics <a href="/w/index.php?title=INSEE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INSEE (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">INSEE</a> estimated that 11.8 million foreign-born immigrants and their direct descendants (born in France) lived in France, representing 19% of the country's population. More than 5 million are of European origin and 4 million of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghrebis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maghrebis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Maghrebi</a> origin. There are 2.7 million immigrants aged 18–50 (accounting for 10% of the population aged 18–50) and 5 million altogether (8% of the entire population). The second generation aged 18–50 make up 3.1 million (12% of 18–50) and 6.5 million for all ages (11% of population)<a href="#cite_note-93">[៨៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-Insee_1-94">[៨៩]</a><a href="#cite_note-INSEE1-95">[៩០]</a> In 2008, France granted citizenship to 137,000 persons, mostly to people from Morocco, Algeria and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-96">[៩១]</a> Although it is illegal for the French state to collect data on ethnicity and ancestry, a law with its origins in the 1789 revolution and reaffirmed in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Constitution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Constitution (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Constitution</a> of 1958, some surveys, like the TeO ("Trajectories and origins") survey conducted jointly by <a href="/w/index.php?title=INED&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INED (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">INED</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=INSEE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INSEE (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">INSEE</a> in 2008, are allowed to.<a href="#cite_note-97">[៩២]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oppenheimer-98">[៩៣]</a> Before this survey, it was estimated that 5 million people were of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian people (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Italian</a> ancestry (the most numerous immigrant community),<a href="#cite_note-amazon.com-99">[៩៤]</a> between 3 million<a href="#cite_note-100">[៩៥]</a> and 6 million<a href="#cite_note-101">[៩៦]</a> people are of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghrebis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maghrebis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">North African</a> ancestry, 2.5 million people are of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afro-French&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afro-French (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sub-Saharan African</a> ancestry, 200,000 people are of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turks in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Turkish</a> ancestry,<a href="#cite_note-102">[៩៧]</a> and many more are of other <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_ethnic_groups&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European ethnic groups (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">European ethnic ancestry</a>, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaniards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spaniards (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Spaniards</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portuguese people (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poles (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Poles</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greeks (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Greeks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-amazon.com-99">[៩៤]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[៩៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[៩៩]</a> បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះ វាត្រូវបានគេប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថា 40% នៃប្រជាជនបារាំងត្រូវបានចុះមកយ៉ាងហោចណាស់មួយផ្នែកពីរលកផ្សេងគ្នានៃអន្តោប្រវេសន៍ដែលប្រទេសបានទទួល។<a href="#cite_note-105">[១០០]</a> Between 1921 and 1935 about 1.1 million net immigrants came to France.<a href="#cite_note-106">[១០១]</a> An estimated 1.6 million <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieds_noirs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pieds noirs (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">pieds noirs</a> returned to France as the country's North African possessions gained independence.<a href="#cite_note-107">[១០២]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[១០៣]</a> France accepts about 200,000 legal immigrants each year.<a href="#cite_note-109">[១០៤]</a> France is the leading <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugee (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">asylum</a> destination in Western Europe with an estimated 50,000 applications in 2005 (a 15% decrease from 2004).<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-110">[១០៥]</a> The European Union allows free movement between the member states, France however put in place controls to curb <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_European&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern European (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eastern European</a> migration. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_cities_in_France_over_20,000_population_(1999_census)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of cities in France over 20,000 population (1999 census) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">largest cities</a> in France, in terms of metropolitan area population, are Paris (11,836,970), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lyon</a> (1,757,180), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marseille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marseille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marseille</a> (1,618,369), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lille</a> (1,163,934), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toulouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toulouse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Toulouse</a> (1,118,472), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bordeaux (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bordeaux</a> (1,009,313), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nice (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nice</a> (999,678), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nantes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nantes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nantes</a> (768,305). A perennial political issue concerns <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rural_flight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rural flight (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">rural flight</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=17" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Language">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="French language">French language</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Languages of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Languages of France</a></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">សូមមើលផងដែរ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Language_policy_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Language policy in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Language policy in France</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Map-Francophone_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/440px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/660px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/880px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2757" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>France's legacy: a map of the <a href="/wiki/French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="French language">Francophone</a> world <div class="legend">  native language</div> <div class="legend">  administrative language</div> <div class="legend">  secondary or non-official language</div> <div class="legend">  francophone minorities</div></figcaption></figure> According to Article 2 of the Constitution, the official language of France is French,<a href="#cite_note-111">[១០៦]</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romance_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romance language (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Romance language</a> derived from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Latin</a>. Since 1635, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Académie française (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Académie française</a> has been France's official authority on the French language, although its recommendations carry no legal power. រដ្ឋាភិបាលបារាំងមិនគ្រប់គ្រងជម្រើសនៃភាសាក្នុងការបោះពុម្ពដោយបុគ្គលនោះទេ ប៉ុន្តែការប្រើប្រាស់ភាសាបារាំងត្រូវបានទាមទារដោយច្បាប់ក្នុងការទំនាក់ទំនងពាណិជ្ជកម្ម និងកន្លែងធ្វើការ។ In addition to mandating the use of French in the territory of the Republic, the French government tries to promote French in the European Union and globally through institutions such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Francophonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Francophonie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">La Francophonie</a>. The perceived threat from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglicisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglicisation (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">anglicisation</a> has prompted efforts to safeguard the position of the French language in France. Besides French, there exist 77 vernacular minority languages of France, eight spoken in French metropolitan territory and 69 in the French <a href="/w/index.php?title=Overseas_departments_and_territories_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overseas departments and territories of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">overseas territories</a>. From the 17th to the mid-20th century, French served as the pre-eminent international language of diplomacy and international affairs as well as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua franca (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">lingua franca</a> among the educated classes of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-exception-112">[១០៧]</a> The dominant position of French language in international affairs was overtaken by English, since the emergence of the US as a major power.<a href="#cite_note-Language_and_Diplomacy-49">[៤៤]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[១០៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[១០៩]</a> Though for most of the time in which French served as an international lingua franca, it was not the native language of most Frenchmen: a report in 1794 conducted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gr%C3%A9goire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Grégoire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Henri Grégoire</a> found that of the country's 25 million people, only three million spoke French natively; the rest spoke one of the country's many regional languages, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alsatian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alsatian language (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alsatian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breton_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breton language (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Breton</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan language (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Occitan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[១១០]</a> Through the expansion of public education, in which French was the sole language of instruction, as well as other factors such as increased urbanization and the rise of mass communication, French gradually came to be adopted by virtually the entire population, a process not completed until the 20th century. As a result of France's extensive <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_colonial_empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French colonial empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">colonial ambitions</a> between the 17th and 20th centuries, French was introduced to America, Africa, Polynesia, South-East Asia, and the Caribbean. French is the second most studied foreign language in the world after English,<a href="#cite_note-116">[១១១]</a> and is a lingua franca in some regions, notably in Africa. The legacy of French as a living language outside Europe is mixed: it is nearly extinct in some former French colonies (South-east Asia), while creoles and pidgins based on French have emerged in the French departments in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Indies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Indies (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">West Indies</a> and the South Pacific (<a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Polynesia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Polynesia</a>). On the other hand, many former French colonies have adopted French as an official language, and the total number of French speakers is increasing, especially in Africa. It is estimated that between 300 million<a href="#cite_note-117">[១១២]</a> and 500 million<a href="#cite_note-118">[១១៣]</a> people worldwide can speak French, either as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother_tongue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mother tongue (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">mother tongue</a> or a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second language (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">second language</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="សាសនា">សាសនា</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=18" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សាសនា">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Religion in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg/170px-Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg/255px-Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg/340px-Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_de_Reims&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notre-Dame de Reims (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Notre-Dame de Reims</a> is the Roman Catholic cathedral where the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_the_French_monarch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coronation of the French monarch (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">kings of France were crowned</a> until 1825.<a href="#cite_note-119">[១១៤]</a> </figcaption></figure> France is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secular (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">secular</a> country, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of religion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">freedom of religion</a> is a constitutional right. French religious policy is based on the concept of <a href="/w/index.php?title=La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laïcité (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">laïcité</a>, a strict <a href="/w/index.php?title=Separation_of_church_and_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Separation of church and state (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">separation of church and state</a> under which public life is kept completely secular. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholicism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholicism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Catholicism</a> has been the predominant religion in France for more than a millennium, though it is not as actively practised today as it was. Among the 47,000 religious buildings in France, 94% are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Catholic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Catholic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Roman Catholic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[១១៥]</a> Whilst in 1965, 81% of the French declared themselves to be Catholics, in 2009 this proportion was 64%. Moreover, whilst 27% of the French went to Mass once a week or more in 1952, only 5% did so in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-catho-121">[១១៦]</a> The same survey found that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Protestants</a> accounted for 3% of the population, an increase from previous surveys, and 5% adhered to other religions, with the remaining 28% stating they had no religion.<a href="#cite_note-catho-121">[១១៦]</a> Evangelical Christianity may be the fastest growing religion in France.<a href="#cite_note-122">[១១៧]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Revolution (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Revolution</a> saw a radical shift in the status of the Catholic Church with the launch of a brutal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dechristianisation_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">campaign of de-Christianization</a>. After the back and forth of Catholic royal and secular republican governments over the 19th century, laïcité was established with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1905_French_law_on_the_Separation_of_the_Churches_and_the_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1905 law on the Separation of the Churches and the State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-georgetown2-123">[១១៨]</a> According to a poll in January 2007,<a href="#cite_note-124">[១១៩]</a> only 5% of the French population attended church regularly (10% attend church services regularly among the respondents who did identify themselves as Catholics). The poll showed<a href="#cite_note-religion-125">[១២០]</a> 51% identified as being Catholics, 31% identified as being agnostics or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atheism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atheism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">atheists</a> (another poll<a href="#cite_note-126">[១២១]</a> sets the proportion of atheists equal to 27%), 10% identified as being from other religions or being without opinion, 4% identified as Muslim, 3% identified as Protestant, 1% identified as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Buddhist</a>, 1% identified as Jewish. Meanwhile, an independent estimate by the politologist Pierre Bréchon in 2009 concluded that the proportion of Catholics had fallen to 42% while the number of atheists and agnostics had risen to 50%.<a href="#cite_note-127">[១២២]</a> Estimates of the number of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Muslims in France</a> vary widely. In 2003, the French Ministry of the Interior estimated the total number of people of Muslim background to be between 5 and 6 million (8–10%).<a href="#cite_note-128">[១២៣]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[១២៤]</a> According to the Pewforum, "In France, proponents of a 2004 law banning the wearing of religious symbols in schools say it protects Muslim girls from being forced to wear a headscarf, but the law also restricts those who want to wear headscarves – or any other “conspicuous” religious symbol, including large Christian crosses and Sikh turbans – as an expression of their faith"<a href="#cite_note-130">[១២៥]</a> The current <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jews_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jews in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jewish community in France</a> numbers around 600,000 according to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Jewish_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Jewish Congress (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">World Jewish Congress</a> and is the largest in Europe. Since 1905 the French government has followed the principle of <a href="/w/index.php?title=La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laïcité (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">laïcité</a>, in which it is prohibited from recognising any specific right to a religious community (except for legacy statutes like that of military chaplains and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_law_in_Alsace-Moselle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local law in Alsace-Moselle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">local law in Alsace-Moselle</a>). Instead, it merely recognises religious organisations, according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organizations should refrain from intervening in policy-making.<a href="#cite_note-131">[១២៦]</a> Certain bodies of beliefs such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientology (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Scientology</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Children_of_God_(New_Religious_Movement)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Children of God (New Religious Movement) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Children of God</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unification_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unification Church (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Unification Church</a>, or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Solar_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of the Solar Temple (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Order of the Solar Temple</a> are considered <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cult (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">cults</a> ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sect (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">sectes</a>" in French),<a href="#cite_note-132">[១២៧]</a> and therefore do not have the same status as religions in France. Secte is considered a pejorative term in France.<a href="#cite_note-133">[១២៨]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="សុខភាព">សុខភាព</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=19" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សុខភាព">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Health in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG/220px-P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG/330px-P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG/440px-P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piti%C3%A9-Salp%C3%AAtri%C3%A8re_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital</a>, a teaching hospital in Paris, one of Europe's largest hospitals.<a href="#cite_note-134">[១២៩]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French healthcare system</a> was ranked first worldwide by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Health Organization (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">World Health Organization</a> in 1997<a href="#cite_note-135">[១៣០]</a> and then again in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-136">[១៣១]</a> Care is generally free for people affected by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronic_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronic disease (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">chronic diseases</a> (affections de longues durées) such as cancer, AIDS or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cystic_Fibrosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cystic Fibrosis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cystic Fibrosis</a>. Average life expectancy at birth is 78 years for men and 85 years for women, one of the highest of the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-137">[១៣២]</a> There are 3.22 physicians for every 1000 inhabitants in France,<a href="#cite_note-138">[១៣៣]</a> and average health care spending per capita was US$4,719 in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-139">[១៣៤]</a> As of 2007, approximately 140,000 inhabitants (0.4%) of France are living with HIV/AIDS.<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> Even if the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frenchmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frenchmen (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French</a> have the reputation of being one of the thinnest peoples in developed countries, <a href="#cite_note-obesity-140">[១៣៥]</a><a href="#cite_note-daily-141">[១៣៦]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-142">[១៣៧]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-143">[១៣៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[១៣៩]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[១៤០]</a> France—like other rich countries—faces an increasing and recent epidemic of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obesity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obesity (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">obesity</a>, due mostly to the replacement of traditional healthy French cuisine by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Junk_food&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junk food (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">junk food</a> in French eating habits.<a href="#cite_note-obesity-140">[១៣៥]</a><a href="#cite_note-daily-141">[១៣៦]</a><a href="#cite_note-obesity2-146">[១៤១]</a> Nevertheless, the French obesity rate is far below that of the USA (for instance, obesity rate in France is the same that the American once was in the 1970s<a href="#cite_note-daily-141">[១៣៦]</a>), and is still the lowest of Europe,<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-143">[១៣៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-obesity2-146">[១៤១]</a> but it is now regarded by the authorities as one of the main public health issues<a href="#cite_note-147">[១៤២]</a> and is fiercely fought; rates of childhood obesity are slowing in France, while continuing to grow in other countries.<a href="#cite_note-148">[១៤៣]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ការអប់រំ">ការអប់រំ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=20" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ការអប់រំ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG/220px-Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG/330px-Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG/440px-Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_et_universitaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">National and University Library</a> on the campus of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Strasbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Strasbourg (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">University of Strasbourg</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Education in France</a></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">សូមមើលផងដែរ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_education_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of education in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">History of education in France</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baccalaur%C3%A9at&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baccalauréat (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Baccalauréat</a></div> In 1802, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Napoleon</a> created the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">lycée</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[១៤៤]</a> Nevertheless it is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Ferry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Ferry (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jules Ferry</a> who is considered to be the father of the French modern school, which is free, secular, and compulsory until the age of 13 since 1882<a href="#cite_note-150">[១៤៥]</a> (school attendance in France is now compulsory until the age of 16<a href="#cite_note-151">[១៤៦]</a>). Nowadays, the schooling system in France is centralized, and is composed of three stages, primary education, secondary education, and higher education. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programme for International Student Assessment (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Programme for International Student Assessment</a>, coordinated by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=OECD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OECD (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">OECD</a>, currently ranks France's education as the 25th best in the world, being neither significantly higher nor lower than the OECD average.<a href="#cite_note-152">[១៤៧]</a> Primary and secondary education are predominantly public, run by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_National_Education_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of National Education (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ministry of National Education</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Higher education in France</a> is divided between <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universities_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universities in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">public universities</a> and the prestigious and selective <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grandes_%C3%A9coles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grandes écoles (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Grandes écoles</a>, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sciences_Po_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sciences Po Paris (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Science Po Paris</a> for Political studies, <a href="/w/index.php?title=HEC_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HEC Paris (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">HEC Paris</a> for Economics, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polytechnique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polytechnique (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Polytechnique</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_mines_de_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris</a> that produces high-profile engineers, or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École nationale d'administration (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">École nationale d'administration</a> for careers in the great corps of the State. The Grandes écoles have been criticised for alleged <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elitism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elitism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">elitism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-gécoles-153">[១៤៨]</a> nevertheless they have produced many if not most of France's high-ranking civil servants, CEOs, and politicians. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ប្រជាជន">ប្រជាជន</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=21" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ប្រជាជន">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg/220px-Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg/330px-Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg/440px-Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2722" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ណាប់ប៉ូឡេអុងទី១ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ណាប់ប៉ូឡេអុងទី១</a> </figcaption></figure> មានប្រជាជនរស់នៅ៦៣,៨ លាននាក់ (២០០៨)។ ដង់សីតេប្រជាជន: ៩៨,១ នាក់/គម២។ទីក្រុងដែលមានប្រជាជនរស់នៅលើសពី ១០០ ០០០នាក់ មានចំនួន៥៧។ ក្នុងនោះមានទីក្រុង៥ ដែលមានប្រជាជន រស់នៅច្រើនជាងគេ ៖ <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>ទីក្រុង </th> <th>ប្រជាជនក្នុងឆ្នាំ២០០៦ </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. បារីស </td> <td>៩,៦ លាន </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. លីល </td> <td>១,៧ លាន </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. លីយ៉ុង </td> <td>១,៤ លាន </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. ម៉ាកសី </td> <td>១,៣ លាន </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. ទូលូ </td> <td>១ លាន </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=22" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Administrative divisions">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Administrative divisions of France</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regions of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Regions of France</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departments_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departments of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Departments of France</a></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">សូមមើលផងដែរ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Area_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan Area (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Metropolitan Area (France)</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants_(2006_census)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants (2006 census) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants (2006 census)</a></div> France is divided into 27 administrative <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regions of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">regions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> 22 are in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">metropolitan France</a> (21 are on the continental part of metropolitan France; one is the territorial collectivity of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corsica (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Corsica</a>), and five are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Overseas_region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overseas region (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">overseas regions</a>. The regions are further subdivided into 101 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departments_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departments of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">departments</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[១៤៩]</a> which are numbered (mainly alphabetically). This number is used in postal codes and vehicle number plates amongst others. The 101 departments are subdivided into 341 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrondissements_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrondissements of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">arrondissements</a> which are, in turn, subdivided into 4,051 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantons of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">cantons</a>. These cantons are then divided into 36,697 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Communes_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communes of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">communes</a>, which are municipalities with an elected municipal council. There are 2,588 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Communes_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communes in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">intercommunal</a> entities grouping 33,414 of the 36,697 communes (i.e. 91.1% of all the communes). Three communes, Paris, Lyon and Marseille are subdivided into 45 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_arrondissements_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Municipal arrondissements of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">municipal arrondissements</a>. The regions, departments and communes are all known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Territorial_collectivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Territorial collectivity (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">territorial collectivities</a>, meaning they possess local assemblies as well as an executive. Arrondissements and cantons are merely administrative divisions. However, this was not always the case. Until 1940, the arrondissements were territorial collectivities with an elected assembly, but these were suspended by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vichy_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vichy France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vichy regime</a> and definitely abolished by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Fourth_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Fourth Republic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Fourth Republic</a> in 1946. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_regions">Metropolitan regions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=23" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Metropolitan regions">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:France_departements_regions_narrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/France_departements_regions_narrow.jpg/220px-France_departements_regions_narrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/France_departements_regions_narrow.jpg/330px-France_departements_regions_narrow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/France_departements_regions_narrow.jpg/440px-France_departements_regions_narrow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>The 22 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regions of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">regions</a> and 96 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departments_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departments of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">departments</a> of metropolitan France includes Corsica (Corse, lower right). Paris area is expanded (inset at left)</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>Departments </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prefectures_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prefectures in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រដ្ឋធានី</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg/20px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg/30px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg/40px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alsace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alsace (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alsace</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bas-Rhin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bas-Rhin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bas-Rhin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haut-Rhin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haut-Rhin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Haut-Rhin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blason_Strasbourg.svg/20px-Blason_Strasbourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blason_Strasbourg.svg/30px-Blason_Strasbourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blason_Strasbourg.svg/40px-Blason_Strasbourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strasbourg (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Strasbourg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_de_l%27Aquitaine_et_de_la_Guyenne.svg/20px-Blason_de_l%27Aquitaine_et_de_la_Guyenne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_de_l%27Aquitaine_et_de_la_Guyenne.svg/30px-Blason_de_l%27Aquitaine_et_de_la_Guyenne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_de_l%27Aquitaine_et_de_la_Guyenne.svg/40px-Blason_de_l%27Aquitaine_et_de_la_Guyenne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aquitaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aquitaine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Aquitaine</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dordogne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dordogne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Dordogne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gironde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gironde (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gironde</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landes_(department)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landes (department) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Landes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lot-et-Garonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lot-et-Garonne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lot-et-Garonne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Arms_of_the_city_of_Bordeaux_%28Gironde%29.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_city_of_Bordeaux_%28Gironde%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Arms_of_the_city_of_Bordeaux_%28Gironde%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_city_of_Bordeaux_%28Gironde%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Arms_of_the_city_of_Bordeaux_%28Gironde%29.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_city_of_Bordeaux_%28Gironde%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bordeaux (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bordeaux</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(region)" title="Auvergne (region)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Blason_de_l%27Auvergne.svg/20px-Blason_de_l%27Auvergne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Blason_de_l%27Auvergne.svg/30px-Blason_de_l%27Auvergne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Blason_de_l%27Auvergne.svg/40px-Blason_de_l%27Auvergne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auvergne_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auvergne (region) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Auvergne</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Allier</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantal (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cantal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haute-Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haute-Loire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Haute-Loire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puy-de-D%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puy-de-Dôme (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Puy-de-Dôme</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blason_ville_fr_ClermontFerrand_%28PuyDome%29.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_ClermontFerrand_%28PuyDome%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blason_ville_fr_ClermontFerrand_%28PuyDome%29.svg/30px-Blason_ville_fr_ClermontFerrand_%28PuyDome%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blason_ville_fr_ClermontFerrand_%28PuyDome%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_ClermontFerrand_%28PuyDome%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clermont-Ferrand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clermont-Ferrand (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Clermont-Ferrand</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Armoiries_Bretagne_-_Arms_of_Brittany.svg/20px-Armoiries_Bretagne_-_Arms_of_Brittany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Armoiries_Bretagne_-_Arms_of_Brittany.svg/30px-Armoiries_Bretagne_-_Arms_of_Brittany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Armoiries_Bretagne_-_Arms_of_Brittany.svg/40px-Armoiries_Bretagne_-_Arms_of_Brittany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brittany_(administrative_region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brittany (administrative region) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Brittany</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Côtes-d'Armor (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Côtes-d'Armor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finist%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finistère (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Finistère</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ille-et-Vilaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ille-et-Vilaine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morbihan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morbihan (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Morbihan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Blason_ville_fr_Rennes_%28Ille-et-Vilaine%29.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_Rennes_%28Ille-et-Vilaine%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Blason_ville_fr_Rennes_%28Ille-et-Vilaine%29.svg/30px-Blason_ville_fr_Rennes_%28Ille-et-Vilaine%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Blason_ville_fr_Rennes_%28Ille-et-Vilaine%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_Rennes_%28Ille-et-Vilaine%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rennes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rennes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burgundy_(French_region)" title="Burgundy (French region)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Blason_fr_Bourgogne.svg/20px-Blason_fr_Bourgogne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Blason_fr_Bourgogne.svg/30px-Blason_fr_Bourgogne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Blason_fr_Bourgogne.svg/40px-Blason_fr_Bourgogne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgundy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burgundy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Burgundy</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4te-d%27Or&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Côte-d'Or (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Côte-d'Or</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ni%C3%A8vre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nièvre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nièvre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saône-et-Loire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saône-et-Loire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yonne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Yonne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Blason_Dijon-%28LdH%29.svg/20px-Blason_Dijon-%28LdH%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Blason_Dijon-%28LdH%29.svg/30px-Blason_Dijon-%28LdH%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Blason_Dijon-%28LdH%29.svg/40px-Blason_Dijon-%28LdH%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dijon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dijon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Dijon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre_(French_region)" title="Centre (French region)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg/20px-Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg/30px-Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg/40px-Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_(French_region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre (French region) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Centre</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cher_(department)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cher (department) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cher</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eure-et-Loir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eure-et-Loir (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eure-et-Loir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Indre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indre-et-Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indre-et-Loire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Indre-et-Loire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loiret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loiret (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Loiret</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loir-et-Cher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loir-et-Cher (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Loir-et-Cher</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Blason_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/20px-Blason_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Blason_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/30px-Blason_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Blason_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/40px-Blason_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orléans (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Orléans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Champagne-Ardenne.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Champagne-Ardenne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Champagne-Ardenne.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Champagne-Ardenne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Champagne-Ardenne.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Champagne-Ardenne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="704" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champagne-Ardenne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champagne-Ardenne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Champagne-Ardenne</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardennes_(department)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardennes (department) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ardennes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aube (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Aube</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haute-Marne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haute-Marne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Haute-Marne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Blason_Chalons-en-Champagne.svg/20px-Blason_Chalons-en-Champagne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Blason_Chalons-en-Champagne.svg/30px-Blason_Chalons-en-Champagne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Blason_Chalons-en-Champagne.svg/40px-Blason_Chalons-en-Champagne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Châlons-en-Champagne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coat_of_Arms_of_Corsica.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Corsica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coat_of_Arms_of_Corsica.svg/30px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Corsica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coat_of_Arms_of_Corsica.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Corsica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corsica (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Corsica</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corse-du-Sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corse-du-Sud (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Corse-du-Sud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haute-Corse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haute-Corse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Haute-Corse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Blason_ville_fr_Ajaccio.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_Ajaccio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Blason_ville_fr_Ajaccio.svg/30px-Blason_ville_fr_Ajaccio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Blason_ville_fr_Ajaccio.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_Ajaccio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajaccio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajaccio (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ajaccio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Blason_fr_Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg/20px-Blason_fr_Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Blason_fr_Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg/30px-Blason_fr_Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Blason_fr_Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg/40px-Blason_fr_Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franche-Comt%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franche-Comté (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Franche-Comté</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doubs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doubs (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Doubs</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haute-Saône (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Haute-Saône</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jura_(department)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jura (department) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jura</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Territoire_de_Belfort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Territoire de Belfort (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Territoire de Belfort</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Blason_ville_fr_Besan%C3%A7on_%28Doubs%29.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_Besan%C3%A7on_%28Doubs%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Blason_ville_fr_Besan%C3%A7on_%28Doubs%29.svg/30px-Blason_ville_fr_Besan%C3%A7on_%28Doubs%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Blason_ville_fr_Besan%C3%A7on_%28Doubs%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_Besan%C3%A7on_%28Doubs%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Besan%C3%A7on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besançon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Besançon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France_(region)" title="Île-de-France (region)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/France_moderne.svg/20px-France_moderne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/France_moderne.svg/30px-France_moderne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/France_moderne.svg/40px-France_moderne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="641" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele-de-France_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Île-de-France (region) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Île-de-France</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essonne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Essonne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hauts-de-Seine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hauts-de-Seine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hauts-de-Seine</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F" title="ប៉ារីស">ប៉ារីស</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seine-et-Marne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seine-et-Marne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Seine-et-Marne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seine-Saint-Denis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seine-Saint-Denis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val-de-Marne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val-de-Marne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Val-de-Marne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val-d%27Oise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val-d'Oise (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Val-d'Oise</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yvelines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yvelines (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Yvelines</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Blason_paris_75.svg/20px-Blason_paris_75.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Blason_paris_75.svg/30px-Blason_paris_75.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Blason_paris_75.svg/40px-Blason_paris_75.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_French_Region_of_Languedoc-Roussillon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="923" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Languedoc-Roussillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Languedoc-Roussillon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Languedoc-Roussillon</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aude (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Aude</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gard (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gard</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A9rault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hérault (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hérault</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loz%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lozère (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lozère</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrénées-Orientales (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Blason_ville_fr_Montpellier.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_Montpellier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Blason_ville_fr_Montpellier.svg/30px-Blason_ville_fr_Montpellier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Blason_ville_fr_Montpellier.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_Montpellier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montpellier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montpellier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Montpellier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Limousin_(region)" title="Limousin (region)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Limousin.svg/20px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Limousin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Limousin.svg/30px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Limousin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Limousin.svg/40px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Limousin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limousin_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limousin (region) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Limousin</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corr%C3%A8ze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrèze (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Corrèze</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Creuse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Creuse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Creuse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haute-Vienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haute-Vienne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Haute-Vienne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Heraldique_blason_ville_fr_Limoges.svg/20px-Heraldique_blason_ville_fr_Limoges.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Heraldique_blason_ville_fr_Limoges.svg/30px-Heraldique_blason_ville_fr_Limoges.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Heraldique_blason_ville_fr_Limoges.svg/40px-Heraldique_blason_ville_fr_Limoges.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limoges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limoges (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Limoges</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(region)" title="Lorraine (region)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Blason_Lorraine.svg/20px-Blason_Lorraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Blason_Lorraine.svg/30px-Blason_Lorraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Blason_Lorraine.svg/40px-Blason_Lorraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorraine_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorraine (region) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lorraine</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meurthe-et-Moselle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meuse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meuse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Meuse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moselle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moselle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Moselle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vosges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vosges (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vosges</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Blason_Metz_57.svg/20px-Blason_Metz_57.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Blason_Metz_57.svg/30px-Blason_Metz_57.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Blason_Metz_57.svg/40px-Blason_Metz_57.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metz (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Metz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lower_Normandy" title="Lower Normandy"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arms_of_William_the_Conqueror_%281066-1087%29.svg/20px-Arms_of_William_the_Conqueror_%281066-1087%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arms_of_William_the_Conqueror_%281066-1087%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_William_the_Conqueror_%281066-1087%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arms_of_William_the_Conqueror_%281066-1087%29.svg/40px-Arms_of_William_the_Conqueror_%281066-1087%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Normandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Normandy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lower Normandy</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calvados (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Calvados</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manche (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Manche</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Orne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg/30px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caen (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Caen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Blason_Languedoc.svg/20px-Blason_Languedoc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Blason_Languedoc.svg/30px-Blason_Languedoc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Blason_Languedoc.svg/40px-Blason_Languedoc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midi-Pyrénées (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Midi-Pyrénées</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ari%C3%A8ge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ariège (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ariège</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aveyron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aveyron (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Aveyron</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gers (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gers</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haute-Garonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haute-Garonne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Haute-Garonne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hautes-Pyrénées (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lot_(department)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lot (department) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lot</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarn_(department)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarn (department) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tarn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarn-et-Garonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarn-et-Garonne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tarn-et-Garonne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blason_ville_fr_Toulouse_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_Toulouse_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blason_ville_fr_Toulouse_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg/30px-Blason_ville_fr_Toulouse_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blason_ville_fr_Toulouse_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_Toulouse_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toulouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toulouse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Toulouse</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg/20px-Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg/30px-Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg/40px-Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nord-Pas-de-Calais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nord_(French_department)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nord (French department) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nord</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pas-de-Calais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pas-de-Calais (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pas-de-Calais</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Blason_ville_fr_Lille_%28Nord%29.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_Lille_%28Nord%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Blason_ville_fr_Lille_%28Nord%29.svg/30px-Blason_ville_fr_Lille_%28Nord%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Blason_ville_fr_Lille_%28Nord%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_Lille_%28Nord%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lille</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg/20px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg/30px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg/40px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pays_de_la_Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pays de la Loire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pays de la Loire</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loire-Atlantique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loire-Atlantique (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Loire-Atlantique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maine-et-Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maine-et-Loire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Maine-et-Loire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayenne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayenne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mayenne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarthe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarthe (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sarthe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vend%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vendée (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vendée</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_Nantes.svg/20px-Blason_Nantes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_Nantes.svg/30px-Blason_Nantes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_Nantes.svg/40px-Blason_Nantes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nantes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nantes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nantes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Picardie.svg/20px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Picardie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Picardie.svg/30px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Picardie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Picardie.svg/40px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Picardie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Picardy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Picardy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Picardy</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aisne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aisne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Aisne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oise (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Oise</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somme (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Somme</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Blason_fr_ville_Amiens.svg/20px-Blason_fr_ville_Amiens.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Blason_fr_ville_Amiens.svg/30px-Blason_fr_ville_Amiens.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Blason_fr_ville_Amiens.svg/40px-Blason_fr_ville_Amiens.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amiens (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Amiens</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poitou-Charentes" title="Poitou-Charentes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Poitou-Charentes_blason.svg/20px-Poitou-Charentes_blason.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Poitou-Charentes_blason.svg/30px-Poitou-Charentes_blason.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Poitou-Charentes_blason.svg/40px-Poitou-Charentes_blason.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poitou-Charentes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poitou-Charentes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Poitou-Charentes</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charente (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charente</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charente-Maritime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charente-Maritime (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charente-Maritime</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deux-S%C3%A8vres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deux-Sèvres (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Deux-Sèvres</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vienne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vienne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blason_ville_fr_Poitiers_%28Vienne%29.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_Poitiers_%28Vienne%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blason_ville_fr_Poitiers_%28Vienne%29.svg/30px-Blason_ville_fr_Poitiers_%28Vienne%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blason_ville_fr_Poitiers_%28Vienne%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_Poitiers_%28Vienne%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poitiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poitiers (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Poitiers</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/20px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/30px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/40px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpes-de-Haute-Provence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpes-Maritimes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpes-Maritimes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alpes-Maritimes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bouches-du-Rhône (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hautes-Alpes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hautes-Alpes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hautes-Alpes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Var_(department)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Var (department) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Var</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaucluse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaucluse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vaucluse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Blason_Marseille.svg/20px-Blason_Marseille.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Blason_Marseille.svg/30px-Blason_Marseille.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Blason_Marseille.svg/40px-Blason_Marseille.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marseille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marseille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marseille</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rhone-Alpes.JPG/20px-Rhone-Alpes.JPG" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rhone-Alpes.JPG/30px-Rhone-Alpes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rhone-Alpes.JPG/40px-Rhone-Alpes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="707" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhône-Alpes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rhône-Alpes</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ain (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ain</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardèche (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ardèche</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drôme (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Drôme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haute-Savoie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haute-Savoie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Haute-Savoie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isère (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Isère</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Loire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhône (department) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rhône</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savoie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Savoie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Blason_Ville_fr_Lyon.svg/20px-Blason_Ville_fr_Lyon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Blason_Ville_fr_Lyon.svg/30px-Blason_Ville_fr_Lyon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Blason_Ville_fr_Lyon.svg/40px-Blason_Ville_fr_Lyon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lyon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Normandy" title="Upper Normandy"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blason_region_fr_Normandie.svg/20px-Blason_region_fr_Normandie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blason_region_fr_Normandie.svg/30px-Blason_region_fr_Normandie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blason_region_fr_Normandie.svg/40px-Blason_region_fr_Normandie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Normandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Normandy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Upper Normandy</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eure (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eure</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seine-Maritime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seine-Maritime (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Seine-Maritime</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Blason_Rouen_76.svg/20px-Blason_Rouen_76.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Blason_Rouen_76.svg/30px-Blason_Rouen_76.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Blason_Rouen_76.svg/40px-Blason_Rouen_76.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rouen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rouen (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rouen</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseas_regions">Overseas regions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=24" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Overseas regions">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Overseas_departments_and_territories_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overseas departments and territories of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Overseas departments and territories of France</a></div> Among the 101 departments of France, five (<a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Guiana (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Guiana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadeloupe (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Guadeloupe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martinique (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Martinique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayotte (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mayotte</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Réunion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Réunion</a>) are in overseas regions (ROMs) that are also simultaneously overseas departments (DOMs) and are an integral part of France (and the European Union) and thus enjoy exactly the same status to metropolitan departments. <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>ស្ថានភាពរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ </th> <th>រដ្ឋធានី </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស French Guiana (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស French Guiana</a> </td> <td>Overseas region (régions d'outre-mer) and simultaneously overseas department (département d'outre-mer or DOM) </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cayenne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cayenne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cayenne</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/22px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/33px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/44px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ក្វាដលូប (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Guadeloupe</a> </td> <td>Overseas region (régions d'outre-mer) and simultaneously overseas department (département d'outre-mer or DOM) </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basse-Terre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basse-Terre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Basse-Terre</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Martinique (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Martinique</a> </td> <td>Overseas region (régions d'outre-mer) and simultaneously overseas department (département d'outre-mer or DOM) </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort-de-France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort-de-France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Fort-de-France</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28Local%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28Local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28Local%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28Local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28Local%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28Local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ម៉ាយ៉ុត (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mayotte</a> </td> <td>Overseas region (régions d'outre-mer) and simultaneously overseas department (département d'outre-mer or DOM) </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamoudzou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamoudzou (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mamoudzou</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Réunion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Réunion</a> </td> <td>Overseas region (régions d'outre-mer) and simultaneously overseas department (département d'outre-mer or DOM) </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint-Denis</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseas_territories_and_collectivities">Overseas territories and collectivities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=25" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Overseas territories and collectivities">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> In addition to the 27 regions and 101 departments, the French Republic has five <a href="/w/index.php?title=Overseas_collectivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overseas collectivity (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">overseas collectivities</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Polynesia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Polynesia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Barthélemy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint Barthélemy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint Martin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallis and Futuna (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Wallis and Futuna</a>), one <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sui_generis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sui generis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">sui generis</a> collectivity (<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Caledonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Caledonia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">New Caledonia</a>), one <a href="/w/index.php?title=Overseas_territory_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overseas territory (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">overseas territory</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a>), and one island possession in the Pacific Ocean (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Clipperton_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clipperton Island (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Clipperton Island</a>). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:France-Constituent-Lands.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/France-Constituent-Lands.png/220px-France-Constituent-Lands.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/France-Constituent-Lands.png/330px-France-Constituent-Lands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/France-Constituent-Lands.png/440px-France-Constituent-Lands.png 2x" data-file-width="3337" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption>The lands making up the French Republic, shown at the same <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scale_(map)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scale (map) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">geographic scale</a>.</figcaption></figure> Overseas collectivities and territories form part of the French Republic, but do not form part of the European Union or its fiscal area (with the exception of St. Bartelemy, which seceded from Guadeloupe in 2007). The Pacific Collectivities (COMs) of French Polynesia, Wallis and Fortuna, and New Caledonia continue to use the <a href="/w/index.php?title=CFP_franc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CFP franc (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">CFP franc</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[១៥០]</a> whose value is strictly linked to that of the euro. In contrast, the five overseas regions used the French franc and now use the euro.<a href="#cite_note-156">[១៥១]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>ស្ថានភាពរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ </th> <th>រដ្ឋធានី </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F_Clipperton_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Clipperton Island (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Clipperton Island</a> </td> <td>State private property under the direct authority of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Overseas_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Overseas France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French government</a> </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uninhabited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uninhabited (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Uninhabited</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស French Polynesia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស French Polynesia</a> </td> <td>Designated as an overseas land (pays d'outre-mer or POM), the status is the same as an overseas collectivity. </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papeete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papeete (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Papeete</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស French Southern and Antarctic Lands (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> </td> <td>Overseas territory (territoire d'outre-mer or TOM) </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-aux-Fran%C3%A7ais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port-aux-Français (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Port-aux-Français</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg/22px-Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg/33px-Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg/44px-Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="308" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="នូវែលកាឡេដូនី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">New Caledonia</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sui_generis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sui generis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sui generis</a> collectivity </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noum%C3%A9a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nouméa (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nouméa</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សាំងបាតេឡេមី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint Barthélemy</a> </td> <td>Overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer or COM) </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavia,_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gustavia</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដែនសមូហភាពសាំងម៉ាតាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint Martin</a> </td> <td>Overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer or COM) </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marigot,_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marigot, Saint Martin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marigot</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Saint Pierre and Miquelon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> </td> <td>Overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer or COM). Still referred to as a collectivité territoriale. </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Pierre,_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint-Pierre</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Wallis and Futuna (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស Wallis and Futuna</a> </td> <td>Overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer or COM). Still referred to as a territoire. </td> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata-Utu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata-Utu (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mata-Utu</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ការគ្រប់គ្រងរដ្ឋបាល">ការគ្រប់គ្រងរដ្ឋបាល</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=26" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ការគ្រប់គ្រងរដ្ឋបាល">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> ទឹកដីនៃសាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងចែកជា ៖ <ul><li>មេត្រូប៉ូល រួមមានទាំងអស់២២តំបន់ និង៩៦ខេត្ដ</li> <li>ខេត្ដឯនាយសមុទ្រចំនួន៤ (DOM) ហ្គាដឺឡុប ម៉ាកទីនិក ហ្គីយាន ឡារ៉េអ៊ុយនីញុង</li> <li>ដែនដីឯនាយសមុទ្រចំនួន៧: Polynésie française, Wallis et Futuna, Mayotte, Saint-Pierre និងMiquelon, les Terres australes និងantarctiques françaises, Saint-Barthélémy, Saint-Martin,</li> <li>និង La Nouvelle Calédonie.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=27" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Governance">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politics of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Politics of France</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=28" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Government">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Government of France</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Constitution of France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=km&wpDestFile=Logo_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="new" title="ឯកសារ:Logo de la République française.svg">ឯកសារ:Logo de la République française.svg</a><figcaption>Logo of the French Republic</figcaption></figure> The French Republic is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitary_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitary state (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">unitary</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semi-presidential_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semi-presidential system (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">semi-presidential</a> republic with strong democratic traditions.<a href="#cite_note-157">[១៥២]</a> The constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendum (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">referendum</a> on 28 September 1958.<a href="#cite_note-158">[១៥៣]</a> It greatly strengthened the authority of the executive in relation to parliament. The executive branch itself has two leaders: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">President of the Republic</a>, currently <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Hollande (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">François Hollande</a>, who is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_of_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Head of state (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">head of state</a> and is elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a 5-year term (formerly 7 years),<a href="#cite_note-159">[១៥៤]</a> and the Government, led by the president-appointed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prime Minister of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Prime Minister</a>, currently <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marc_Ayrault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-Marc Ayrault</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande_(Journ%C3%A9es_de_Nantes_2012).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande_%28Journ%C3%A9es_de_Nantes_2012%29.jpg/170px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande_%28Journ%C3%A9es_de_Nantes_2012%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande_%28Journ%C3%A9es_de_Nantes_2012%29.jpg/255px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande_%28Journ%C3%A9es_de_Nantes_2012%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande_%28Journ%C3%A9es_de_Nantes_2012%29.jpg/340px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande_%28Journ%C3%A9es_de_Nantes_2012%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1951" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Hollande (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">François Hollande</a>, elected <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">President of the French Republic</a> in April 2012.</figcaption></figure> The French <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Parliament (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">parliament</a> is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicameralism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bicameralism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">bicameral</a> legislature comprising a <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Assembly_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Assembly (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">National Assembly</a> (Assemblée Nationale) and a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Senate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[១៥៥]</a> The National Assembly deputies represent local constituencies and are directly elected for 5-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-161">[១៥៦]</a> The Assembly has the power to dismiss the cabinet, and thus the majority in the Assembly determines the choice of government. Senators are chosen by an electoral college for 6-year terms (originally 9-year terms), and one half of the seats are submitted to election every 3 years starting in September 2008.<a href="#cite_note-162">[១៥៧]</a> The Senate's legislative powers are limited; in the event of disagreement between the two chambers, the National Assembly has the final say.<a href="#cite_note-163">[១៥៨]</a> The government has a strong influence in shaping the agenda of Parliament. French politics are characterised by two politically opposed groupings: one left-wing, centred around the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Party_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Party (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Socialist Party</a>, and the other right-wing, centred previously around the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rally_for_the_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rally for the Republic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rassemblement pour la République (RPR)</a> and now its successor the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_for_a_Popular_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union for a Popular Movement (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Union for a Popular Movement (UMP)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[១៥៩]</a> Since the 2012 elections, the executive branch is currently composed mostly of the Socialist Party. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ច្បាប់">ច្បាប់</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=29" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ច្បាប់">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Law of France</a></div> France uses a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_law_(legal_system)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil law (legal system) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">civil legal</a> system;<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> that is, law arises primarily from written statutes; judges are not to make law, but merely to interpret it (though the amount of judicial interpretation in certain areas makes it equivalent to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Case_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Case law (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">case law</a>). Basic principles of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rule_of_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rule of law (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">rule of law</a> were laid in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleonic_Code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleonic Code (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Napoleonic Code</a> (which was, in turn, largely based on the royal law codified under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XIV_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XIV of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis XIV</a>). In agreement with the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, law should only prohibit actions detrimental to society. As <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Canivet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Canivet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Guy Canivet</a>, first president of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Court_of_Cassation_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Court of Cassation (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Court of Cassation</a>, wrote about the management of prisons: Freedom is the rule, and its restriction is the exception; any restriction of Freedom must be provided for by Law and must follow the principles of necessity and proportionality. That is, Law should lay out prohibitions only if they are needed, and if the inconveniences caused by this restriction do not exceed the inconveniences that the prohibition is supposed to remedy. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/170px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/255px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/340px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="4636" /></a><figcaption>The basic principles that the French Republic must respect are found in the 1789 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a></figcaption></figure> French law is divided into two principal areas: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Private law (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">private law</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public law (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">public law</a>. Private law includes, in particular, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_law_(common_law)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil law (common law) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">civil law</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criminal_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criminal law (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">criminal law</a>. Public law includes, in particular, <a href="/wiki/Administrative_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative law">administrative law</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitutional law (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">constitutional law</a>. However, in practical terms, French law comprises three principal areas of law: civil law, criminal law, and administrative law. Criminal laws can only address the future and not the past (criminal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_post_facto_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ex post facto law (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ex post facto</a> laws are prohibited). While administrative law is often a subcategory of civil law in many countries, it is completely separated in France and each body of law is headed by a specific supreme court: ordinary courts (which handle criminal and civil litigation) are headed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Court_of_Cassation_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Court of Cassation (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Court of Cassation</a> and administrative courts are headed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conseil_d%27Etat_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conseil d'Etat (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Council of State</a>. To be applicable, every law must be officially published in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_officiel_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal officiel de la République française (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Journal officiel de la République française</a>. France does not recognize <a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religious law (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">religious law</a> as a motivation for the enactment of prohibitions. France has long had neither <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blasphemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blasphemy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">blasphemy</a> laws nor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodomy_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodomy law (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">sodomy laws</a> (the latter being abolished in 1791). However, "offenses against <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decency (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">public decency</a>" (contraires aux bonnes mœurs) or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breach_of_the_peace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breach of the peace (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">disturbing public order</a> (trouble à l'ordre public) have been used to repress public expressions of homosexuality or street prostitution. Laws prohibiting discriminatory speech in the press are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_the_Freedom_of_the_Press_of_29_July_1881&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">as old as 1881</a>. Some consider however that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hate_speech_laws_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hate speech laws in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">hate speech laws in France</a> are too broad or severe and damage <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of speech (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">freedom of speech</a>.[<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84" title="វិគីភីឌា:ត្រូវការអំណះអំណាង">ត្រូវការអំណះអំណាង</a>] France has laws against <a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">racism</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antisemitism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antisemitism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">antisemitism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[១៦០]</a> France's attitude towards <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of religion in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">freedom of religion</a> is complex. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the constitutional rights set forth in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. However, since the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1905_French_law_on_the_Separation_of_the_Churches_and_the_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State</a>, the State tries to prevent its policy-making from being influenced by religion and became suspicious in recent decades towards new religious tendencies of the French society: the Parliament has <a href="/w/index.php?title=Groups_referred_to_as_cults_in_government_reports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groups referred to as cults in government reports (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">listed many religious movements as dangerous cults</a> since 1995, and has <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_law_on_secularity_and_conspicuous_religious_symbols_in_schools&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">banned wearing conspicuous religious symbols in schools</a> since 2004. In 2010, it banned the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_ban_on_face_covering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French ban on face covering (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">wearing of face-covering Islamic veils in public</a>. As some have complained that they have suffered from discrimination thus, and after criticism by human rights groups such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnesty_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amnesty International (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Amnesty International</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights_Watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Rights Watch (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Human Rights Watch</a>,<a href="#cite_note-166">[១៦១]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[១៦២]</a> these laws remain controversial, although they are supported by most of the population.<a href="#cite_note-Pew-168">[១៦៣]</a> France is tolerant of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBT_community&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBT community (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">LGBT community</a>. Since 1999, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacte_civil_de_solidarit%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacte civil de solidarité (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">civil unions</a> for homosexual couples are permitted, and since May 2013, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">same-sex marriage</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBT_adoption&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBT adoption (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">LGBT adoption</a> are legal in France.<a href="#cite_note-169">[១៦៤]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=30" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Foreign relations">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Foreign relations of France</a></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">សូមមើលផងដែរ: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union">European Union</a>,  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a>,  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin Union (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Latin Union</a>,  <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Security_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Security Council (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">United Nations Security Council</a> និង <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a></div> France is a member of the United Nations and serves as one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council with veto rights.<a href="#cite_note-170">[១៦៥]</a> It is also a member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=G8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G8 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">G8</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Trade_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Trade Organization (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO),<a href="#cite_note-171">[១៦៦]</a> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretariat_of_the_Pacific_Community&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretariat of the Pacific Community (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Secretariat of the Pacific Community</a> (SPC)<a href="#cite_note-172">[១៦៧]</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Ocean_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Ocean Commission (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Indian Ocean Commission</a> (COI).<a href="#cite_note-173">[១៦៨]</a> It is an associate member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Caribbean_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Caribbean States (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Association of Caribbean States</a> (ACS)<a href="#cite_note-174">[១៦៩]</a> and a leading member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">International Francophone Organisation</a> (OIF) of fifty-one fully or partly French-speaking countries.<a href="#cite_note-175">[១៧០]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006,_Manching,_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>French President <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Mitterrand (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">François Mitterrand</a> and German Chancellor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmut Kohl (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Helmut Kohl</a>, in 1987.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:President_Barack_Obama_and_President_Nicolas_Sarkozy_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/President_Barack_Obama_and_President_Nicolas_Sarkozy_of_France.jpg/220px-President_Barack_Obama_and_President_Nicolas_Sarkozy_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/President_Barack_Obama_and_President_Nicolas_Sarkozy_of_France.jpg/330px-President_Barack_Obama_and_President_Nicolas_Sarkozy_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/President_Barack_Obama_and_President_Nicolas_Sarkozy_of_France.jpg/440px-President_Barack_Obama_and_President_Nicolas_Sarkozy_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Former French President <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Sarkozy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Sarkozy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> and United States President <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barack_Obama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barack Obama (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Barack Obama</a>, before NATO summit, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strasbourg (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Strasbourg</a>, on 3 April 2009</figcaption></figure> France hosts the headquarters of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">OECD</a>,<a href="#cite_note-176">[១៧១]</a> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>,<a href="#cite_note-177">[១៧២]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interpol (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Interpol</a>,<a href="#cite_note-178">[១៧៣]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance Base (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alliance Base</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[១៧៤]</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Bureau of Weights and Measures (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">International Bureau for Weights and Measures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[១៧៥]</a> France has the <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of diplomatic missions of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">second largest network</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diplomatic_mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diplomatic mission (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">diplomatic missions</a> in the world, second only to the USA.<a href="#cite_note-181">[១៧៦]</a> In 1953, France received a request from the United Nations to pick a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coat_of_arms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coat of arms (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">coat of arms</a> that would represent it internationally. Thus the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_emblem_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National emblem of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French emblem</a> was adopted and is currently used on passports.<a href="#cite_note-182">[១៧៧]</a> Postwar French foreign policy has been largely shaped by membership of the European Union, of which it was a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_Six&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inner Six (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">founding member</a>. Since the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Élysée Treaty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1960s</a>, France has developed close ties with reunified Germany to become the <a href="/w/index.php?title=France%E2%80%93Germany_relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France–Germany relations (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">most influential driving force of the EU</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[១៧៨]</a> In the 1960s, France sought to exclude the British from the European unification process,<a href="#cite_note-184">[១៧៩]</a> seeking to build its own standing in continental Europe. However, since 1904, France has maintained an "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Entente_cordiale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entente cordiale (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Entente cordiale</a>" with the United Kingdom, and there has been a strengthening of links between the countries, especially <a href="/w/index.php?title=Defence_and_Security_Co-operation_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defence and Security Co-operation Treaty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">militarily</a>. France is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), but under President de Gaulle, it excluded itself from the joint military command to protest the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_Relationship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Special Relationship (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">special relationship</a> between the United States and Britain and to preserve the independence of French foreign and security policies.<a href="#cite_note-185">[១៨០]</a> France vigorously opposed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_invasion_of_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 invasion of Iraq (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>,<a href="#cite_note-186">[១៨១]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[១៨២]</a> straining bilateral relations with the US<a href="#cite_note-188">[១៨៣]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[១៨៤]</a> and the UK.<a href="#cite_note-190">[១៨៥]</a> However, as a result of Nicolas Sarkozy's pro-American politics (much criticised in France by the leftists and by a part of the right),<a href="#cite_note-191">[១៨៦]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[១៨៧]</a> France rejoined the NATO joint military command on 4 April 2009. In the early 1990s, the country drew considerable criticism from other nations for its underground nuclear tests in <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Polynesia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Polynesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[១៨៨]</a> France retains strong political and economic influence in its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_French_colonial_empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second French colonial empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">former African colonies</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7afrique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Françafrique (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Françafrique</a>)<a href="#cite_note-194">[១៨៩]</a> and has supplied economic aid and troops for peace-keeping missions in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivory_Coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivory Coast (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ivory Coast</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chad (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Chad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[១៩០]</a> Recently, after the unilateral declaration of independence of northern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mali (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mali</a> by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tuareg</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Azawad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">MNLA</a> and the subsequent regional <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Mali_conflict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Mali conflict (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Northern Mali conflict</a> with several Islamist groups including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansar_Dine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansar Dine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ansar Dine</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movement_for_Oneness_and_Jihad_in_West_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">MOJWA</a>, France and other African states intervened to help the Malian Army to retake control. In 2009, France was the second largest (in absolute numbers) donor of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_aid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Development aid (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">development aid</a> in the world, behind the US, and ahead of Germany, Japan and the UK.<a href="#cite_note-196">[១៩១]</a> This represents 0.5% of its GDP, in this regard rating France as tenth largest donor on the list.<a href="#cite_note-197">[១៩២]</a> The organisation managing the French help is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Development_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Development Agency (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Development Agency</a>, which finances primarily humanitarian projects in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sub-Saharan_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sub-Saharan Africa (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">sub-Saharan Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aid-198">[១៩៣]</a> The main goals of this help are "developing infrastructure, access to health care and education, the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy."<a href="#cite_note-aid-198">[១៩៣]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=31" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Military">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Armed_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Armed Forces (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Armed Forces</a></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">សូមមើលផងដែរ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Military history of France</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deployments_of_the_French_military&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deployments of the French military (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Deployments of the French military</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:French_military_images.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/French_military_images.jpg/330px-French_military_images.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/French_military_images.jpg/495px-French_military_images.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/French_military_images.jpg/660px-French_military_images.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption>Examples of France's military. Clockwise from top left: Nuclear aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle; A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dassault_Rafale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dassault Rafale (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rafale</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fighter_aircraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fighter aircraft (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">fighter aircraft</a>; French <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chasseurs_Alpins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chasseurs Alpins (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Chasseurs Alpins</a> patrolling the valleys of Kapisa province in Afghanistan; a <a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-56_Leclerc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMX-56 Leclerc (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Leclerc tank</a> in Paris for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastille_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastille Day (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">14 July</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastille_Day_Military_Parade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastille Day Military Parade (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bastille Day Military Parade</a>.</figcaption></figure> The French Armed Forces (Armées françaises) are the military and paramilitary forces of France, under the <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">president</a> as supreme commander. They consist of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Army (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Army</a> (Armée de Terre), <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Navy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Navy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Navy</a> (Marine Nationale), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Air_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Air Force (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Air Force</a> (Armée de l'Air) and the auxiliary paramilitary force, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Gendarmerie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Gendarmerie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">National Gendarmerie</a> (Gendarmerie nationale) and are among the <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_number_of_troops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by number of troops (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">largest armed forces</a> in the world. While administratively a part of the French armed forces, and therefore under the purview of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Defense_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Defense (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ministry of Defence</a>, the Gendarmerie is operationally attached to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of the Interior (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ministry of the Interior</a>. The gendarmerie is a military police force which serves for the most part as a rural and general purpose police force. It encompasses the counter terrorist units of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parachute_Intervention_Squadron_of_the_National_Gendarmerie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parachute Intervention Squadron of the National Gendarmerie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Parachute Intervention Squadron of the National Gendarmerie</a> (Escadron Parachutiste d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Gendarmerie_Intervention_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Gendarmerie Intervention Group (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">National Gendarmerie Intervention Group</a> (Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale). One of the French intelligence units, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate-General_for_External_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate-General for External Security (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Directorate-General for External Security</a> (Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure) reports to the Ministry of Defence. The other, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Direction_centrale_du_renseignement_int%C3%A9rieur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Central Directorate of Interior Intelligence</a> (Direction Centrale du Renseignement Intérieur), reports directly to the Ministry of the Interior. There has been no national <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conscription&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conscription (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">conscription</a> since 1997.<a href="#cite_note-199">[១៩៤]</a> France is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Five_(United_Nations)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big Five (United Nations) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">permanent member of the Security Council of the UN</a>, and a <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of states with nuclear weapons (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">recognised nuclear state</a> since 1960. France has signed and ratified the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a> (CTBT)<a href="#cite_note-status-200">[១៩៥]</a> and acceeded to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a>. France's annual military expenditure in 2011 was US$62.5 billion, or 2.3%, of its GDP making it the <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by military expenditures (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">fifth biggest military spender in the world</a> after the United States, China, Russia, and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-SIPRI_Yearbook_2012-201">[១៩៦]</a> French nuclear deterrence, (formerly known as “<a href="/w/index.php?title=Force_de_Frappe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Force de Frappe (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Force de Frappe</a>”), relies on complete independence. The current French nuclear force consists of four <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triomphant_class_submarine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triomphant class submarine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Triomphant</a> class submarines equipped with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">submarine-launched ballistic missiles</a>. In addition to the submarine fleet, it is estimated that France has about 60 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air-Sol_Moyenne_Port%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air-Sol Moyenne Portée (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ASMP</a> medium-range <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air-to-surface_missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air-to-surface missile (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">air-to-ground missiles</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_weapon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear weapon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">nuclear warheads</a>,<a href="#cite_note-202">[១៩៧]</a> of which around 50 are deployed by the Air Force using the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dassault_Mirage_2000N/2000D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dassault Mirage 2000N/2000D (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mirage 2000N</a> long-range nuclear strike aircraft, while around 10 are deployed by the French Navy's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dassault-Breguet_Super_%C3%89tendard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Super Étendard Modernisé (SEM)</a> attack aircraft which operate from the nuclear-powered <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_carrier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aircraft carrier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_aircraft_carrier_Charles_de_Gaulle_(R91)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle (R91) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles de Gaulle</a>. The new <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dassault_Rafale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dassault Rafale (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rafale F3</a> aircraft will gradually replace all Mirage 2000N and SEM in the nuclear strike role with the improved ASMP-A missile with a nuclear warhead. France has major military industries with one of the largest <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerospace_manufacturer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerospace manufacturer (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">aerospace industries</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-203">[១៩៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[១៩៩]</a> Its industries have produced such equipment as the Rafale fighter, the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exocet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exocet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Exocet</a> missile and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=AMX-56_Leclerc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMX-56 Leclerc (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Leclerc</a> tank amongst others. Despite withdrawing from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurofighter_Typhoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurofighter Typhoon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eurofighter</a> project, France is actively investing in European joint projects such as the <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_Tiger" title="Eurocopter Tiger">Eurocopter Tiger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=FREMM_multipurpose_frigate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FREMM multipurpose frigate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">multipurpose frigates</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_air_vehicle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unmanned combat air vehicle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">UCAV</a> demonstrator <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dassault_nEUROn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dassault nEUROn (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">nEUROn</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airbus_A400M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airbus A400M (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Airbus A400M</a>. France is a major arms seller,<a href="#cite_note-205">[២០០]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[២០១]</a> with most of its arsenal's designs available for the export market with the notable exception of nuclear-powered devices. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastille_Day_Military_Parade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastille Day Military Parade (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">military parade</a> held in Paris each 14 July for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastille_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastille Day (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France's national day</a> is the oldest and largest regular military parade in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-207">[២០២]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាល"><span id=".E1.9E.A0.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.89.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.89.E1.9E.9C.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.90.E1.9E.BB.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.94.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.8B.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.8A.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8B.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.97.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.94.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9B">ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាល</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=32" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាល">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">សូមមើលផងដែរ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxation_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxation in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Taxation in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Public_Deficit_of_France.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Public_Deficit_of_France.png/280px-Public_Deficit_of_France.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Public_Deficit_of_France.png/420px-Public_Deficit_of_France.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Public_Deficit_of_France.png/560px-Public_Deficit_of_France.png 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>French government borrowing (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Budget_deficits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budget deficits (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">budget deficits</a>) as a percentage of GNP, 1960–2009</figcaption></figure> In April and May 2012, France held a <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_presidential_election,_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French presidential election, 2012 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">presidential election</a> in which the winner, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Hollande (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">François Hollande</a>, had opposed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austerity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austerity (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">austerity</a> measures, promising to eliminate France's budget deficit by 2017. The new government stated that it aimed to cancel recently enacted tax cuts and exemptions for the wealthy, raising the top tax bracket rate to 75% on incomes over a million euros, restoring the retirement age to 60 with a full pension for those who have worked 42 years, restoring 60,000 jobs recently cut from public education, regulating rent increases; and building additional public housing for the poor. In June, Hollande's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Party_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Party (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Socialist Party</a> won a supermajority in <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_legislative_election,_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French legislative election, 2012 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">legislative elections</a> capable of amending the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Constitution</a> and enabling the immediate enactment of the promised reforms. French government bond interest rates fell 30% to record lows,<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg.com-208">[២០៣]</a> less than 50 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basis_point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basis point (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">basis points</a> above German government bond rates.<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_2012-209">[២០៤]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="បំណុលរដ្ឋាភិបាល">បំណុលរដ្ឋាភិបាល</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=33" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ បំណុលរដ្ឋាភិបាល">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> Under European Union rules, member states are supposed to limit their debt to 60% of output or be reducing the ratio structurally towards this ceiling, and run public deficits of no more than 3% of GDP. The French government has run a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budget_deficit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budget deficit (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">budget deficit</a> each year since the early 1970s. In 2012, French government debt levels reached 1.8 trillion euros, the equivalent of 90% of French GDP.<a href="#cite_note-210">[២០៥]</a> In late 2012, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit_rating_agencies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Credit rating agencies (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">credit rating agencies</a> warned that growing French government debt levels risked <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_credit_rating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by credit rating (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France's AAA credit rating</a>, raising the possibility of a future downgrade and subsequent higher borrowing costs for the French government.<a href="#cite_note-211">[២០៦]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ស្ថាប័ននានារបស់បារាំង">ស្ថាប័ននានារបស់បារាំង</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=34" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ស្ថាប័ននានារបស់បារាំង">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ">រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=35" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញថ្ងៃទី ៤ តុលា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៨ ចែងពីដំណើរការស្ថាប័ននានានៃសាធារណរដ្ឋទី៥។ រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញត្រូវបានគេសើរើ ពិនិត្យឡើងវិញជាច្រើនដងទាក់ទងនឹង ៖ <ul><li>ការបោះឆ្នោតប្រធានាធិបតីជាសកល និងដោយចំពោះ (១៩៦២)</li> <li>ការដាក់បញ្ចូលជំពូកថ្មីមួួយស្ដីការទទួលខុសត្រូវខាងព្រហ្មទណ្ឌរបស់សមាជិករដ្ឋាភិបាល(១៩៩៣)</li> <li>ការបង្កើតសម័យប្រជុំរួមមួយរវាងស្ថាប័នសភា</li> <li>ការពង្រីកដែនធ្វើប្រជាមតិ(១៩៩៥)</li> <li>អន្ដរបញ្ញត្ដិស្ដីពីលក្ខន្ដិកៈរបស់កោះណូវែលកាលេដូនី ( Nouvelle-Calédonie ) (១៩៩៨)</li> <li>ការបង្កើតសហព័ន្ធសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងរូបិយវត្ថុ</li> <li>ភាពស្មើគ្នារវាងបុរសនិងស្ដ្រីនៅក្នុងការទទួលអណត្ដិបោះឆ្នោតនានា និងទទួលនូវដែលគេជ្រើសរើស</li> <li>ការទទួលស្គាល់យុត្ដាធិការនៃតុលាការព្រហ្មទណ្ឌអន្ដរជាតិ(១៩៩៩)</li> <li>ការកាត់បន្ថយអាណត្ដិប្រធានាធិបតី(២០០០)</li> <li>កែទំរង់ការទទួលខុសត្រូវខាងព្រហ្មទណ្ឌរបស់ប្រមុខរដ្ឋ</li> <li>បញ្ចូលការហាមឃាត់់ទោសប្រហារជីវិតក្នុងរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ</li> <li>កំណែទំរង់ភាពស្វយ័តរបស់កោះណូវែលកាឡេដូនី(២០០៧)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញ"><span id=".E1.9E.80.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.BB.E1.9E.98.E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.B9.E1.9E.80.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.92.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.98.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.BB.E1.9E.89.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.89">ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=36" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=km&wpDestFile=Logo_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="new" title="ឯកសារ:Logo de la République française.svg">ឯកសារ:Logo de la République française.svg</a><figcaption>French Republic</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Nicolas_Sarkozy_-_Sarkozy_meeting_in_Toulouse_for_the_2007_French_presidential_election_0299_2007-04-12_cropped_further.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Nicolas_Sarkozy_-_Sarkozy_meeting_in_Toulouse_for_the_2007_French_presidential_election_0299_2007-04-12_cropped_further.jpg/170px-Nicolas_Sarkozy_-_Sarkozy_meeting_in_Toulouse_for_the_2007_French_presidential_election_0299_2007-04-12_cropped_further.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Nicolas_Sarkozy_-_Sarkozy_meeting_in_Toulouse_for_the_2007_French_presidential_election_0299_2007-04-12_cropped_further.jpg/255px-Nicolas_Sarkozy_-_Sarkozy_meeting_in_Toulouse_for_the_2007_French_presidential_election_0299_2007-04-12_cropped_further.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Nicolas_Sarkozy_-_Sarkozy_meeting_in_Toulouse_for_the_2007_French_presidential_election_0299_2007-04-12_cropped_further.jpg/340px-Nicolas_Sarkozy_-_Sarkozy_meeting_in_Toulouse_for_the_2007_French_presidential_election_0299_2007-04-12_cropped_further.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>President Nicolas Sarkozy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset_Edit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset_Edit.JPG/220px-Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset_Edit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset_Edit.JPG/330px-Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset_Edit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset_Edit.JPG/440px-Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset_Edit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Palace of Luxembourg</figcaption></figure> ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញមានសមាជិក៩រូប និងមានសមត្ថកិច្ចត្រួតពិនិត្យជាពិសេសនៃ ភាពត្រឹម ត្រូវ តាមច្បាប់ នៃការបោះឆ្នោតនានា និងពិនិត្យធម្មនុញ្ញភាពនៃច្បាប់រៀបចំអង្គការ ព្រម ទាំងច្បាប់ ដែលដាក់មកអនុម័ត។ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ប្រធានាធិបតីនៃសារធារណរដ្ឋ"><span id=".E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.92.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.92.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.94.E1.9E.8F.E1.9E.B8.E1.9E.93.E1.9F.83.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.92.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.8E.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.8A.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8B">ប្រធានាធិបតីនៃសារធារណរដ្ឋ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=37" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ប្រធានាធិបតីនៃសារធារណរដ្ឋ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> ប្រមុខរដ្ឋត្រូវបានជ្រើសរើសសំរាប់រយៈពេល៥ឆ្នាំតាមរយៈការបោះឆ្នោតជាសកល និង ដោយចំពោះ (អណត្ដិរយៈពេល៥ឆ្នាំនេះបានបង្កើតឡើងបន្ទាប់ពីការធ្វើប្រជាមតិនៅថ្ងៃទី ២៤ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០០០)។ លោក នីកូឡា សាកូហ្ស៊ី ជាប្រធានាធិបតីទី៦នៃសាធារណរដ្ឋ ទី៥ លោកបានជាប់ឆ្នោតនៅថ្ងៃទី៧ឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០០៧ ។ ប្រធានាធិបតីតែងតាំងនាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី និងសមាជិករដ្ឋាភិបាលតាមសំណើររបស់នាយក រដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី (មាត្រា ទី៨នៃរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ)។ ប្រធានាធិបតីដឹកនាំគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី ប្រកាសអោយប្រើច្បាប់នានា ជាបញ្ជាការនៃកងកម្លាំង ប្រដាប់អាវុធ។ ប្រធានាធិបតីអាចរំលាយរដ្ឋសភា ហើយក្នុងករណីធ្ងន់ធ្ងរ ប្រធានាធិបតីមានអំណាចពិសេស (មាត្រាទី១៦)។ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី_និងរដ្ឋាភិបាល"><span id=".E1.9E.93.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.99.E1.9E.80.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.8A.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8B.E1.9E.98.E1.9E.93.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8A.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.B8_.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.84.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.8A.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8B.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.97.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.94.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9B">នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី និងរដ្ឋាភិបាល</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=38" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី និងរដ្ឋាភិបាល">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> ក្រោមការដឹកនាំរបស់នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី រដ្ឋាភិបាលកំណត់ និងដឹកនាំនយោបាយជាតិ។ នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី ទទួល ខុសត្រូវចំពោះរដ្ឋសភា (មាត្រាទី២០)។ នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រីដឹកនាំសកម្មភាពរដ្ឋាភិបាលនិងធានានូវការអនុវត្ដច្បាប់ (មាត្រាទី២១)។ លោក François Fillon ត្រូវ បានតែងតាំងជានាយក រដ្ឋមន្ដ្រីនៅថ្ងៃទី១៧ ឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០០៧។ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="សភា">សភា</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=39" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សភា">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> សភាមានពីរថ្នាក់ ៖ - ព្រឹទ្ធសភា ៖ ព្រឹទ្ធសមាជិកត្រូវជ្រើសតាំងសំរាប់រយៈពេល៦ឆ្នាំ(ពីមុនមានរយៈពេល៩ឆ្នាំ) ចាប់តាំងពីឆ្នាំ ២០០៣ ដោយការបោះឆ្នោតជាសកល និងមិនចំពោះ ហើយត្រូវបានផ្លាស់ ប្ដូរសមាជិក ៣០% ក្នុងរយៈ ពេលបីឆ្នាំម្ដង។ ការបោះឆ្នោតលើកចុងក្រោយ បានប្រព្រឹត្ដ ទៅនៅខែ កញ្ញាឆ្នាំ២០០៤។ - រដ្ឋភាជាតិ ៖ តំណាងរាស្ដ្រត្រូវបានជ្រើសតាំងសំរាប់រយៈពេល៥ឆ្នាំដោយការបោះឆ្នោត ជាសកល និង ដោយចំពោះ។ ការបោះឆ្នោតលើកចុងក្រោយបាន ប្រព្រឹត្ដទៅនៅខែមិថុ- នា ឆ្នាំ២០០៧។ ក្រៅពីត្រួតពិនិត្យរដ្ឋាភិបាល សភាទាំងពីរថ្នាក់មានតួនាទីរៀបចំ និងអនុម័តច្បាប់។ ក្នុងករណីមិនមានការយល់ព្រម រដ្ឋសភាជាតិធ្វើការសំរេចជាស្ថាពរ។ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ព្រឹទ្ធសភា">ព្រឹទ្ធសភា</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=40" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ព្រឹទ្ធសភា">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> ក្រោយការបោះឆ្នោតខែកញ្ញឆ្នាំ២០០៤ ព្រឹទ្ធសភាមានសមាជិក៣៣១នាក់ដែលមកពី ៖ <ul><li>គណបក្សសហព័ន្ធសំរាប់ចលនាប្រជាជន ( UMP ) ៖ ១៥៨នាក់</li> <li>គណបក្សសង្គមនិយម ៖ ៩៦នាក់</li> <li>ក្រុមគណបក្សកណ្ដាលនិយម ៖ ៣០នាក់</li> <li>គណបក្សកុម្មុយនិស្ដ គណបក្សសាធារណរដ្ឋ និងគណបក្សពលរដ្ឋ ៖ ២៣នាក់</li> <li>គណបក្សសម្ព័ន្ធភាពប្រជាធិបតី និងសង្គមអឺរ៉ុប ៖១៦នាក់</li> <li>បេក្ខជនឯករាជ្យ ៖ ៦នាក់ ។</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="រដ្ឋសភាជាតិ">រដ្ឋសភាជាតិ</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=41" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ រដ្ឋសភាជាតិ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:France_national_assembly.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/km/thumb/0/07/France_national_assembly.JPG/220px-France_national_assembly.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/km/thumb/0/07/France_national_assembly.JPG/330px-France_national_assembly.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/km/thumb/0/07/France_national_assembly.JPG/440px-France_national_assembly.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>រដ្ឋសភាជាតិ</figcaption></figure> បន្ទាប់ពីការបោះឆ្នោតថ្ងៃទី១០ និង១៧ឆ្នាំ២០០៧មិថុនា រដ្ឋសភាជាតិមានតំណាងរាស្ដ្រ៥៧៧នាក់ មកពី ៖ <ul><li>គណបក្សសហព័ន្ធសំរាប់ចលនាប្រជាជន (UMP) ៖ ៣១៤នាក់ (សម្ព័ន្ធភាព៦គណបក្ស)</li> <li>ក្រុមសង្គមនិយម និងប្រជាជនៈ ១៨៦នាក់(សម្ព័ន្ធ១៨គណបក្ស)</li> <li>ក្រុមប្រជាធិបតីឆ្វេងនិយម និងសាធារណរដ្ឋ ៖ ២៤នាក់ (គ្មានសម្ព័ន្ធភាព)</li> <li>ក្រុមគណបក្សកណ្ដាលនិយមថ្មី ៖ ២០នាក់(សម្ព័ន្ធភាព២គណបក្ស)</li> <li>តំណាងរាស្ដ្រមិនស្ថិតក្នុងក្រុមណាមួយ ៖ ២០នាក់</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="តុលាការ">តុលាការ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=42" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ តុលាការ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> តុលាការជាអ្នកការពារសេរីភាពបុគ្គល (មាត្រា៦៦នៃ រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ)។ អំណាចតុលាការបា- រាំងបានរៀបចំ ទៅតាមភាពខុសគ្នាជាមូលដ្ឋានរវាង ៖ <ol><li>តុលាការយុត្ដិធម៌ត្រូវទទួលខុសត្រូវជំលោះរវាងបុគ្គល និងបុគ្គល។</li> <li>តុលាការរដ្ឋបាលដោះស្រាយជំលោះរវាងប្រជាជននិងអំណាចសាធារណៈ។</li></ol> តុលាការមានពីរលំដាប់ថ្នាក់ ៖ 1. យុត្ដាធិការរដ្ឋប្បវេណី តុលាការនីតិរួម (តុលាការជាន់ខ្ពស់) រឺនីតិពិសេសផ្សេងៗ (សាលាតំបូង តុលាការពាណិជ្ជ កម្ម តុលាការកិច្ចការសន្ដិសុខសង្គម និងក្រុមតុលាការការងារដែលដោះស្រាយជំលោះ រវាងបុគ្គលិក និយោជិក និងនិយោជក។ 2. យុត្ដិធិការព្រហ្មទណ្ឌទទួលបន្ទុកវិនិច្ឆ័យលើបទល្មើស៣ប្រភេទ ៖ <ul><li>បទលហុដែលវិនិច្ឆ័យដោយតុលាការនគរបាល</li> <li>បទល្មើសដែលវិនិច្ឆ័យដោយតុលាការលហុ</li> <li>បទឧក្រិដ្ឋដោយសាលាឧក្រិដ្ឋ </li></ul> មានតុលាការដោយឡែកសំរាប់រដ្ឋប្បវេណី និងព្រហ្មទណ្ឌតុលាការកុមារ។ សាលាវិនិច្ឆ័យ ៖គឺជាតុលាខ្ពស់ជាងគេ ហើយទទួលខុសត្រូវពិនិត្យបណ្ដឹងសារទុក្ខលើអង្គច្បាប់ប្រឆាំងនឹងសាលដីការបស់សាលាឧទ្ធរណ៍។យុត្ដាធិការខ្ពស់ជាងគេក្នុងតុលាការរដ្ឋបាលគឺក្រុមប្រឹក្សារដ្ឋដែលមានសមត្ថកិច្ចធ្វើការវិនិច្ឆ័យចុងក្រោយ គេបង្អស់លើភាពត្រឹមត្រូវនៃលិខិតរដ្ឋបាលតាមច្បាប់។ ក្រុមប្រឹក្សារដ្ឋនេះក៏ផ្ដល់ការពិគ្រោះផងដែរដល់រដ្ឋាភិបាលក្នុងការផ្ដល់ជាគំនិតស្ដីពីសេចក្ដី ព្រាងច្បាប់និង សេចក្ដីព្រាងក្រឹត្យមួយចំនួន។ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ភ្លេង_និងបាវចនាជាតិ">ភ្លេង និងបាវចនាជាតិ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=43" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ភ្លេង និងបាវចនាជាតិ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឯកសា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">thumb|right|La Defense</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:French_Armed_Forces2.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/French_Armed_Forces2.JPEG/220px-French_Armed_Forces2.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/French_Armed_Forces2.JPEG/330px-French_Armed_Forces2.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/French_Armed_Forces2.JPEG/440px-French_Armed_Forces2.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:ESM_St_Cyr_cadets_DSC03272.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/ESM_St_Cyr_cadets_DSC03272.JPG/220px-ESM_St_Cyr_cadets_DSC03272.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/ESM_St_Cyr_cadets_DSC03272.JPG/330px-ESM_St_Cyr_cadets_DSC03272.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/ESM_St_Cyr_cadets_DSC03272.JPG/440px-ESM_St_Cyr_cadets_DSC03272.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/170px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/255px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/340px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2143" data-file-height="1709" /></a><figcaption>Tour de France</figcaption></figure> បទចំរៀងសំរាប់កងទ័ពនៅទីក្រុង Rhin ដែលត្រូវបានតែងឡើងនៅទីក្រុងស្ដ្រាសបួ ឆ្នាំ ១៧៩២ បានក្លាយជាបទ Marseillaise ហើយចុងបញ្ចប់់ត្រូវបាន ប្រើជាភ្លេងជាតិនៅ ថ្ងៃទី១៤ កក្កដា ឆ្នាំ១៧៩៥។ បាវវចនារបស់សាធារណៈរដ្ឋបារាំងគឺ “សេរីភាព សមភាព ភាតរភាព“។ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ទង់ជាតិបារាំង">ទង់ជាតិបារាំង</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=44" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ទង់ជាតិបារាំង">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> នៅឆ្នាំ១៧៨៩ លោកឧត្ដមសេនីយ Fayette បាន បន្ថែមពណ៌សដែលជានិមិត្ដរូបនៃរាជា និយម ទៅលើ សញ្ញាទង់ជាតិដែលមានពណ៌ខៀវ និង ពណ៌ក្រហម របស់កងទ័ពជាតិទីក្រុង ប៉ារីស ។ ទង់ជាតិបីពណ៌ជា និមិត្ដរូបផ្លូវការរបស់ សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង។ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ការពារជាតិ">ការពារជាតិ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=45" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ការពារជាតិ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> នៅឆ្នាំ២០០៧ ថវិកាការពារជាតិឡើងដល់ ៣៦,២៥ពាន់លានអឺរ៉ូ គឹស្មើនឹង២,០២%នៃ ផលិតផល ក្នុងស្រុកសរុប និងថវិកាជាតិ១០,៨២%។ ច្បាប់ស្ដីពីការរៀបចំកម្មវិធីផ្នែកយោធាឆ្នាំ២០០៣-២០០៨កំនត់ពីមធ្យោបាយ និងចំនួនទ័ព ដើម្បី ឆានាទៅ សំរេចគោលបំណងរបស់ប្រធានាធិបតី និងរដ្ឋាភិបាលក្នុងការផ្ដល់អោយ ប្រទេសបារាំងការ ការពារមួយ ដោយស្របទៅតាមតំរូវការរបស់ខ្លួន។ច្បាប់នេះមានគោលដៅបង្កើតកិច្ចខំប្រឹងប្រែងក្នុងការធ្វើអោយឧបករណ៍ការពារជាតិ របស់យើងអាចឆ្លើយ តបទៅនឹងបញ្ហាចំពោះមុខនានា។ កិច្ចខំប្រឹងប្រែងខាងលើស្ដែងអោយឃើញតាមរយៈ ៖ <ul><li>ការពង្រឹងមធ្យោបាយប្រយុទ្ធប្រឆាំង នឹងភេវរកម្ម។</li> <li>សុវត្ថិភាព និងភាពទុកចិត្ដនៃការទប់ស្កាត់អាវុធនុយក្លេអ៊ែររបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង។</li> <li>ការចូលរួមរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំងក្នុងការបង្ការ និងដោះស្រាយជលោះផ្សេងៗ (ចំនួនទ័ព ប្រមាណពី១៥ ទៅ២០ ០០០នាក់ត្រូវបានដាក់ពង្រាយក្នុងប្រតិបត្ដិការ )។</li> <li>សហប្រតិបត្ដិការយោធាក្នុងអង្គការអូតង់ និងសហគមអឺរ៉ុប។</li></ul> នៅឆ្នាំ២០០៦ ទ័ពកងកំលាំងប្រដាប់អាវុធកើនឡើងដល់៣៤៧ ៩០៣នាក់ គិតទាំងយោធា និងជន ស៊ីវិល ហើយបែងចែកដូចខាងក្រោម ៖ <ul><li>កងទ័ពជើងគោកមាន ១៣៣ ៦២៧នាក់</li> <li>កងទ័ពអាកាសមាន ៥៩ ១១៨នាក់</li> <li>កងទ័ពជើងទឹកមាន ៤២ ៧៥២នាក់</li> <li>កងអាវុធហត្ថមាន ៩៧ ៧២៣នាក់</li> <li>ក្នុងសេវាសាធារណៈ (សុខភាព ការងារសង្គមកិច្ច)មាន១៤ ៦៨៣នាក់</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="សេដ្ឋកិច្ច">សេដ្ឋកិច្ច</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=46" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សេដ្ឋកិច្ច">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> បារាំងជាប្រទេសមានអនុភាពសេដ្ឋកិច្ចពិភពលោកលំដាប់ទី៦បន្ទាប់ពី <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក">សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ជប៉ុន">ជប៉ុន</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="អាលឺម៉ង់">អាលឺម៉ង់</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="ចិន">ចិន</a> និង <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F" title="អង់គ្លេស">អង់គ្លេស</a>។ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Economy of France</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Energy in France</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_companies_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of companies of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">List of companies of France</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_history_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic history of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Economic history of France</a></div> A member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=G8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G8 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">G8</a> group of leading industrialised countries, it is ranked as the world's <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">seventh largest</a> and the EU's <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_GDP_(nominal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">second largest</a> economy by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purchasing_power_parity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purchasing power parity (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">purchasing power parity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-data.worldbank.org-212">[២០៧]</a> With 39 of the 500 biggest companies in the world in 2010, France ranks fourth in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortune_Global_500&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fortune Global 500 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Fortune Global 500</a>, ahead of Germany and the UK.<a href="#cite_note-213">[២០៨]</a> France joined 11 other EU members to launch the euro in 1999, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euro_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euro coins (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">euro coins</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euro_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euro banknotes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">banknotes</a> completely replacing the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_franc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French franc (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French franc</a> (₣) in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-214">[២០៩]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Golfech_NPP_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Golfech_NPP_cropped.jpg/220px-Golfech_NPP_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Golfech_NPP_cropped.jpg/330px-Golfech_NPP_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Golfech_NPP_cropped.jpg/440px-Golfech_NPP_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>France derives <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_power_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear power in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">75% of its electricity from nuclear power</a>, the highest percentage in the world.<a href="#cite_note-energy_profile-215">[២១០]</a> </figcaption></figure> France has a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_economy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mixed economy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">mixed economy</a> which combines extensive private enterprise<a href="#cite_note-216">[២១១]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[២១២]</a> with substantial state enterprise and government intervention. The government retains considerable influence over key segments of infrastructure sectors, with majority ownership of railway, electricity, aircraft, nuclear power and telecommunications.<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> It has been relaxing its control over these sectors since the early <a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990s in economics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1990s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> The government is slowly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corporatization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corporatization (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">corporatising</a> the state sector and selling off holdings in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orange_S.A.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange S.A. (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France Télécom</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Air France</a>, as well as in the insurance, banking, and defence industries.<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> France has an important aerospace industry led by the European consortium <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airbus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airbus (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Airbus</a>, and has its own national <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaceport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spaceport (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">spaceport</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Spatial_Guyanais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Spatial Guyanais (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Centre Spatial Guyanais</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Eurozone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/220px-Eurozone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/330px-Eurozone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/440px-Eurozone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>France is part of a monetary union, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurozone (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eurozone</a> (dark blue), and of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internal_Market_(European_Union)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internal Market (European Union) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">EU single market</a>.</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Trade_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Trade Organization (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO), in 2009 France was the world's sixth largest exporter and the fourth largest importer of manufactured goods.<a href="#cite_note-218">[២១៣]</a> In 2008, France was the third largest recipient of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_direct_investment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign direct investment (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">foreign direct investment</a> among OECD countries at $118 billion, ranking behind Luxembourg (where foreign direct investment was essentially monetary transfers to banks located there) and the US ($316 billion), but above the UK ($96.9 billion), Germany ($25 billion), or Japan ($24 billion).<a href="#cite_note-FDI-219">[២១៤]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDI2-220">[២១៥]</a> In the same year, French companies invested $220 billion outside France, ranking France as the second largest outward direct investor in the OECD, behind the US ($311 billion), and ahead of the UK ($111 billion), Japan ($128 billion) and Germany ($157 billion).<a href="#cite_note-FDI-219">[២១៤]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDI2-220">[២១៥]</a> Financial services, banking and the insurance sector are an important part of the economy. The Paris stock exchange (បារាំង: La Bourse de Paris) is an old institution, created by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XV_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XV of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis XV</a> in 1724.<a href="#cite_note-221">[២១៦]</a> In 2000, the stock exchanges of Paris, Amsterdam and Bruxelles merged into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euronext&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euronext (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Euronext</a>.<a href="#cite_note-banque-222">[២១៧]</a> In 2007, Euronext merged with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_stock_exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York stock exchange (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">New York stock exchange</a> to form <a href="/w/index.php?title=NYSE_Euronext&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NYSE Euronext (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">NYSE Euronext</a>, the world's largest stock exchange.<a href="#cite_note-banque-222">[២១៧]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euronext_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euronext Paris (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Euronext Paris</a>, the French branch of the NYSE Euronext group is Europe's 2nd largest stock exchange market, behind the <a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London Stock Exchange (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">London Stock Exchange</a>. French companies have maintained key positions in the insurance and banking industries: <a href="/w/index.php?title=AXA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AXA (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">AXA</a> is the world's largest insurance company. The leading French banks are <a href="/w/index.php?title=BNP_Paribas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BNP Paribas (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">BNP Paribas</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%A9dit_Agricole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crédit Agricole (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Crédit Agricole</a>, ranking as the world's first and sixth largest banks in 2010<a href="#cite_note-223">[២១៨]</a> (by assets), while the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société Générale (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Société Générale</a> group was ranked the world's eighth largest in 2009. France is the smallest emitter of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">carbon dioxide</a> among the <a href="/w/index.php?title=G8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G8 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">G8</a>, due to its heavy investment in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear power (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">nuclear power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[២១៩]</a> As a result of large investments in nuclear technology, most electricity produced by France is generated by 59 nuclear power plants (75% in 2012).<a href="#cite_note-225">[២២០]</a> In this context, renewable energies are having difficulty taking off. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=47" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Agriculture">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Carcassonne-vignes-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Carcassonne-vignes-2.jpg/220px-Carcassonne-vignes-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Carcassonne-vignes-2.jpg/330px-Carcassonne-vignes-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Carcassonne-vignes-2.jpg/440px-Carcassonne-vignes-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_wine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French wine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vineyards</a> near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcassonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carcassonne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Carcassonne</a></figcaption></figure> France has historically been a large producer of agricultural products.<a href="#cite_note-agriculture-226">[២២១]</a> Large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_agricultural_policy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common agricultural policy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">EU subsidies</a> have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe<a href="#cite_note-227">[២២២]</a> (representing 20% of the EU's agricultural production<a href="#cite_note-ministère-228">[២២៣]</a>) and the world's third biggest exporter of agricultural products.<a href="#cite_note-229">[២២៤]</a> Wheat, poultry, dairy, beef, and pork, as well as internationally recognized processed foods are the primary French agricultural exports. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ros%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosé (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rosé wines</a> are primarily consumed within the country, but <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champagne_(wine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champagne (wine) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">champagne</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux_wine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bordeaux wine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bordeaux</a> wines are major exports, being known worldwide. EU agriculture subsidies to France have decreased in recent years, but still amounted to $8 billion in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-230">[២២៥]</a> That same year, France sold 33.4 billion euros of transformed agricultural products.<a href="#cite_note-231">[២២៦]</a> Agriculture is thus an important sector of France's economy: 3.8% of the active population is employed in agriculture, whereas the total agri-food industry made up 4.2% of French GDP in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-ministère-228">[២២៣]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour_market">Labour market</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=48" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Labour market">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> French GDP per capita is similar to comparable European countries such as Germany and the UK.<a href="#cite_note-232">[២២៧]</a> GDP per capita is determined by (i) productivity per hour worked, (ii) the number of hours worked, which is one of the lowest of developed countries,<a href="#cite_note-233">[២២៨]</a> and (iii) the employment rate. France has one of the lowest 15–64 years employment rates of the OECD countries: in 2012, only 71% of the French population aged 15–64 years were in employment, compared to 74% in Japan, 77% in the UK, 73% in the US and 77% in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Employment2004-234">[២២៩]</a> This gap is due to the low employment rate for 15–24 years old: 38% in 2012, compared to 47% in the OECD. This low rate is explained by the high <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimum_wage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minimum wage (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">minimum wages</a> which prevent low productivity workers – such as young people – from easily entering the labour market,<a href="#cite_note-235">[២៣០]</a> ineffective university curricula that fail to prepare students adequately for the labour market.<a href="#cite_note-236">[២៣១]</a> It has been argued that French laws that protect full-time workers have the effect of trapping highly educated youth into temporary and informal employment, because of the difficulty and expense of dealing with formal full-time employees.<a href="#cite_note-237">[២៣២]</a> In July 2013, the unemployment rate for France was 11%.<a href="#cite_note-238">[២៣៣]</a> Shorter working hours and the reluctance to reform the labour market are mentioned as weak spots of the French economy in the view of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Right-wing_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Right-wing politics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">right-wing</a> commentators, whilst the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Left-wing politics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">left</a> claims lack of government policies fostering social justice. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_liberalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic liberalism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Liberal economists</a> have stated repeatedly that the main problem in the French economy is the issue of structural reforms, in order to increase the size of the working population in the overall population, reduce the taxation level and the administrative burden. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keynesian_economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keynesian economics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Keynesian economists</a> have different answers to the unemployment issue, and their theories led to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=35-hour_workweek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="35-hour workweek (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">35-hour workweek</a> law in the 2000s (decade), which turned out to be a failure in reducing unemployment. Afterwards, between 2004 and 2008, the government made some supply-side reforms to combat unemployment but met with fierce resistance,<a href="#cite_note-239">[២៣៤]</a> especially with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrat_nouvelle_embauche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contrat nouvelle embauche (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">contrat nouvelle embauche</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Employment_Contract&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Employment Contract (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">contrat première embauche</a> which both were eventually repealed.<a href="#cite_note-240">[២៣៥]</a> The Sarkozy government used the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revenu_de_solidarit%C3%A9_active&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revenu de solidarité active (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">revenu de solidarité active</a> to redress the negative effect of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revenu_minimum_d%27insertion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revenu minimum d'insertion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">revenu minimum d'insertion</a> on the incentive to work.<a href="#cite_note-241">[២៣៦]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ទេសចរណ៍">ទេសចរណ៍</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=49" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ទេសចរណ៍">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tourism in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Versailles-Chateau-VueJardins1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Versailles-Chateau-VueJardins1.jpg/220px-Versailles-Chateau-VueJardins1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Versailles-Chateau-VueJardins1.jpg/330px-Versailles-Chateau-VueJardins1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Versailles-Chateau-VueJardins1.jpg/440px-Versailles-Chateau-VueJardins1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palace_of_Versailles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palace of Versailles (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Palace of Versailles</a> is one of the most popular tourist destinations in France.</figcaption></figure> With 83 million foreign tourists in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-tourism.stat-242">[២៣៧]</a> France is <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Tourism_rankings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Tourism rankings (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ranked</a> as the first tourist destination in the world, ahead of the US (67 million) and China (58 million). This 83 million figure excludes people staying less than 24 hours, such as North Europeans crossing France on their way to Spain or Italy. It is third in income from tourism due to shorter duration of visits.<a href="#cite_note-243">[២៣៨]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg/220px-Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg/330px-Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg/440px-Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont_Saint-Michel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont Saint-Michel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mont Saint-Michel</a> is one of the most visited sites of France</figcaption></figure> France has 37 sites inscribed in <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">UNESCO's World Heritage List</a> and features cities of high cultural interest, beaches and seaside resorts, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ski (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ski</a> resorts, and rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquillity (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecotourism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecotourism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">green tourism</a>). Small and picturesque French villages are promoted through the association <a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Plus_Beaux_Villages_de_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Les Plus Beaux Villages de France</a> (litt. "The Most Beautiful Villages of France"). The "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Remarkable_Gardens_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remarkable Gardens of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Remarkable Gardens</a>" label is a list of the over 200 gardens classified by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Culture (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Ministry of Culture</a>. This label is intended to protect and promote remarkable gardens and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">parks</a>. France attracts many religious pilgrims on their <a href="/w/index.php?title=Way_of_St._James&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Way of St. James (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">way to St. James</a>, or to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lourdes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lourdes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lourdes</a>, a town in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hautes-Pyrénées (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hautes-Pyrénées</a> that hosts several million visitors a year. France, especially Paris, has some of the world's largest and renowned museums, including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée du Louvre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louvre</a>, which is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_most_visited_art_museums_in_the_world&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of most visited art museums in the world (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">most visited art museum in the world</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée d'Orsay (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Musée d'Orsay</a>, mostly devoted to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impressionism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impressionism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">impressionism</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Georges_Pompidou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Georges Pompidou (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Beaubourg</a>, dedicated to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contemporary art (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Contemporary art</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg/220px-France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg/330px-France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg/440px-France_Loir-et-Cher_Chambord_Chateau_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="1686" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chambord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château de Chambord (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Château de Chambord</a> is one of the many <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of French monarchs (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French royal</a> residences of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loire_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loire Valley (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Loire Valley</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disneyland_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disneyland Paris (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Disneyland Paris</a> is Europe's most popular theme park, with 15 million combined visitors to the resort's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disneyland_Park_(Paris)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disneyland Park (Paris) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Disneyland Park</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walt_Disney_Studios_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walt Disney Studios Park (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Walt Disney Studios Park</a> in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-244">[២៣៩]</a> With more than 10 millions tourists a year, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Riviera (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Riviera</a> (or Côte d'Azur), in south-east France, is the second leading tourist destination in the country, after the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele-de-France_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Île-de-France (region) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Paris region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[២៤០]</a> It benefits from 300 days of sunshine per year, 115 kiloម៉ែត្រs (71 mi) of coastline and beaches, 18 golf courses, 14 ski resorts and 3,000 restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-246">[២៤១]</a> Each year the Côte d'Azur hosts 50% of the world's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxury_yacht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxury yacht (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">superyacht</a> fleet.<a href="#cite_note-247">[២៤២]</a> Another major destination are the Châteaux of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loire_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loire Valley (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Loire Valley</a>, this <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Heritage_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Heritage Site (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">World Heritage Site</a> is noteworthy for its architectural heritage, in its historic towns but in particular its castles (châteaux), such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Châteaux</a> d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Amboise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château d'Amboise (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Amboise</a>, de Chambord, d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Uss%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château d'Ussé (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ussé</a>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Villandry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château de Villandry (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Villandry</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château de Chenonceau (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Chenonceau</a>. The most popular tourist sites include: (according to a 2003 ranking<a href="#cite_note-248">[២៤៣]</a> visitors per year): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiffel_Tower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiffel Tower (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eiffel Tower</a> (6.2 million), Louvre Museum (5.7 million), Palace of Versailles (2.8 million), Musée d'Orsay (2.1 million), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arc_de_Triomphe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arc de Triomphe (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Arc de Triomphe</a> (1.2 million), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Georges_Pompidou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Georges Pompidou (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Centre Pompidou</a> (1.2 million), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont_Saint-Michel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont Saint-Michel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mont Saint-Michel</a> (1 million), Château de Chambord (711,000), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sainte-Chapelle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sainte-Chapelle</a> (683,000), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg</a> (549,000), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puy_de_D%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puy de Dôme (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Puy de Dôme</a> (500,000), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_Picasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée Picasso (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Musée Picasso</a> (441,000), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carcassonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carcassonne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Carcassonne</a> (362,000). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=50" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Transport">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Transport in France</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rail transport in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rail transport in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg/220px-TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg/330px-TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg/440px-TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=TGV_Duplex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TGV Duplex (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">TGV Duplex</a>, which can reach a maximum speed of 320 km/h (198.84 mph).</figcaption></figure> The railway network of France, which as of 2008<a class="external text" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit">[update]</a> stretches 29,473 kiloម៉ែត្រs (18,314 mi)<a href="#cite_note-249">[២៤៤]</a> is the second most extensive in Western Europe after the German one.<a href="#cite_note-250">[២៤៥]</a> It is operated by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=SNCF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SNCF (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">SNCF</a>, and high-speed trains include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thalys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thalys (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Thalys</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurostar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurostar (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eurostar</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=TGV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TGV (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">TGV</a>, which travels at 320 km/h (199 mph) in commercial use.<a href="#cite_note-251">[២៤៦]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[២៤៧]</a> The Eurostar, along with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurotunnel_Shuttle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurotunnel Shuttle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eurotunnel Shuttle</a>, connects with the United Kingdom through the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Channel Tunnel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Channel Tunnel</a>. Rail connections exist to all other neighbouring countries in Europe, except <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andorra (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Andorra</a>. Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapid_transit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rapid transit (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">underground services</a> and tramway services complementing bus services. There are approximately 1,027,183 kiloម៉ែត្រs (638,262 mi) of serviceable roadway in France, ranking it the most extensive network of the European continent.<a href="#cite_note-253">[២៤៨]</a> The Paris region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country. French roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighbouring Belgium, Spain, Andorra, Monaco, Switzerland, Germany and Italy. There is no annual registration fee or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_tax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Road tax (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">road tax</a>; however, motorway usage is through tolls except in the vicinity of large communes. The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renault (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Renault</a> (27% of cars sold in France in 2003), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peugeot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peugeot (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Peugeot</a> (20.1%) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citro%C3%ABn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citroën (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Citroën</a> (13.5%).<a href="#cite_note-254">[២៤៩]</a> Over 70% of new cars sold in 2004 had <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diesel_engine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diesel engine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">diesel engines</a>, far more than contained petrol or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquified_petroleum_gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liquified petroleum gas (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">LPG</a> engines.<a href="#cite_note-255">[២៥០]</a> France possesses the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Millau_Viaduct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millau Viaduct (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Millau Viaduct</a>, the world's tallest bridge,<a href="#cite_note-256">[២៥១]</a> and has built many important bridges such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pont_de_Normandie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pont de Normandie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pont de Normandie</a>. There are 475 <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_airports_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of airports in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">airports</a> in France.<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de Gaulle Airport (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles de Gaulle Airport</a>, located in the vicinity of Paris, is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting Paris with virtually all major cities across the world. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Air France</a> is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services. There are ten major ports in France, the largest of which is in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marseille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marseille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marseille</a>,<a href="#cite_note-257">[២៥២]</a> which also is the largest bordering the Mediterranean Sea.<a href="#cite_note-258">[២៥៣]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[២៥៤]</a> 12,261 kiloម៉ែត្រs (7,619 mi) of waterways traverse France including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canal_du_Midi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canal du Midi (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Canal du Midi</a> which connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean through the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garonne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Garonne</a> river.<a href="#cite_note-France-63">[៥៨]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="វប្បធម៌">វប្បធម៌</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=51" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ វប្បធម៌">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វប្បធម៌បារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វប្បធម៌បារាំង</a></div> ប្រទេសបារាំងគឺជាមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលនៃការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍វប្បធម៌លោកខាងលិចអស់ជាច្រើនសតវត្សមកហើយ។ វិចិត្រករបារាំងជាច្រើនបានស្ថិតក្នុងចំណោមអ្នកល្បីល្បាញបំផុតនៃសម័យកាលរបស់ពួកគេ ហើយប្រទេសបារាំងនៅតែត្រូវបានទទួលស្គាល់នៅលើពិភពលោកសម្រាប់ប្រពៃណីវប្បធម៌ដ៏សម្បូរបែបរបស់វា។ The successive political regimes have always promoted artistic creation, and the creation of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Culture (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ministry of Culture</a> in 1959 helped preserve the cultural heritage of the country and make it available to the public. The Ministry of Culture has been very active since its creation, granting subsidies to artists, promoting French culture in the world, supporting festivals and cultural events, protecting <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monument_historique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monument historique (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">historical monuments</a>. The French government also succeeded in maintaining a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultural_exception&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultural exception (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">cultural exception</a> to defend audiovisual products made in the country. France receives the highest number of tourists per year, largely thanks to the numerous cultural establishments and historical buildings implanted all over the territory. It counts 1,200 <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_museums_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of museums in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">museums</a> welcoming more than 50 million people annually.<a href="#cite_note-260">[២៥៥]</a> The most important cultural sites are run by the government, for instance through the public agency <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_des_monuments_nationaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre des monuments nationaux (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Centre des monuments nationaux</a>, which is responsible for approximately 85 national historical monuments. The 43,180 buildings protected as historical monuments include mainly residences (many <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_castles_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of castles in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">castles</a>, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">châteaux</a> in French) and religious buildings (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_cathedrals_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of cathedrals in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">cathedrals</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_basilicas_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of basilicas in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">basilicas</a>, churches, etc.), but also statutes, memorials and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gardens_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gardens of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">gardens</a>. The <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> inscribed 38 sites in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Table_of_World_Heritage_Sites_by_country&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Table of World Heritage Sites by country (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France on the World Heritage List</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[២៥៦]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="សិល្បៈ">សិល្បៈ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=52" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សិល្បៈ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French art (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Claude_Monet_023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Claude_Monet_023.jpg/170px-Claude_Monet_023.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Claude_Monet_023.jpg/255px-Claude_Monet_023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Claude_Monet_023.jpg/340px-Claude_Monet_023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2399" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Monet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Monet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Claude Monet</a> founded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impressionist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impressionist (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Impressionist</a> movement (Femme avec un parasol, 1886, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée d'Orsay (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Musée d'Orsay</a>).</figcaption></figure> The origins of French art were very much influenced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flemish art (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Flemish art</a> and by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian art (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Italian art</a> at the time of the Renaissance. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Fouquet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Fouquet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean Fouquet</a>, the most famous medieval French painter, is said to have been the first to travel to Italy and experience the Early Renaissance at first hand. The Renaissance painting <a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_Fontainebleau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of Fontainebleau (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">School of Fontainebleau</a> was directly inspired by Italian painters such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primaticcio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primaticcio (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Primaticcio</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosso_Fiorentino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosso Fiorentino (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rosso Fiorentino</a>, who both worked in France. Two of the most famous French artists of the time of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baroque_era&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baroque era (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Baroque era</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Poussin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Poussin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nicolas Poussin</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Lorrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Lorrain (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Claude Lorrain</a>, lived in Italy. The 17th century was the period when French painting became prominent and individualized itself through classicism. Louis XIV's prime minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Colbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-Baptiste Colbert</a> founded in 1648 the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Academy_of_Painting_and_Sculpture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture</a> to protect these artists, and in 1666 he created the still-active <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Academy_in_Rome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Academy in Rome (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Academy in Rome</a> to have direct relations with Italian artists. French artists developed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rococo (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">rococo</a> style in the 18th century, as a more intimate imitation of old baroque style, the works of the court-endorsed artists <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Watteau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Watteau (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Antoine Watteau</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Boucher (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">François Boucher</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Honoré Fragonard (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-Honoré Fragonard</a> being the most representative in the country. The French Revolution brought great changes, as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Napoleon</a> favoured artists of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoclassicism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neoclassicism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">neoclassic style</a> such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques-Louis_David&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques-Louis David (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jacques-Louis David</a> and the highly influential <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Beaux-Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Académie des Beaux-Arts (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Académie des Beaux-Arts</a> defined the style known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Academism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Academism</a>. At this time France had become a centre of artistic creation, the first half of the 19th century being dominated by two successive movements, at first <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanticism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Romanticism</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théodore Géricault (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Théodore Géricault</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène Delacroix (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eugène Delacroix</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realism_(arts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realism (arts) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Realism</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camille_Corot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camille Corot (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Camille Corot</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Courbet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustave Courbet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gustave Courbet</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-François Millet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-François Millet</a>, a style that eventually evolved into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalism_(arts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalism (arts) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Naturalism</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg/170px-LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg/255px-LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg/340px-LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Thinker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Thinker (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Penseur</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Rodin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste Rodin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Auguste Rodin</a> (1902), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_Rodin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée Rodin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Musée Rodin</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> In the second part of the 19th century, France's influence over painting became even more important, with the development of new styles of painting such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impressionism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impressionism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Impressionism</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Symbolism_(arts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symbolism (arts) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Symbolism</a>. The most famous impressionist painters of the period were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camille_Pissarro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camille Pissarro (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Camille Pissarro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Manet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Manet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Édouard Manet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Degas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar Degas (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Edgar Degas</a>, Claude Monet and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Renoir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste Renoir (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Auguste Renoir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[២៥៧]</a> The second generation of impressionist-style painters, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_C%C3%A9zanne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Cézanne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Paul Cézanne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Gauguin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Gauguin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Paul Gauguin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toulouse-Lautrec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toulouse-Lautrec (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Toulouse-Lautrec</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Seurat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Seurat (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Georges Seurat</a>, were also at the avant-garde of artistic evolutions,<a href="#cite_note-263">[២៥៨]</a> as well as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauvism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauvism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">fauvist artists</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Matisse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Matisse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Derain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Derain (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">André Derain</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_de_Vlaminck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice de Vlaminck (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Maurice de Vlaminck</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[២៥៩]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[២៦០]</a> At the beginning of 20th century, Cubism was developed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Braque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Braque (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Georges Braque</a> and the Spanish painter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pablo Picasso (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pablo Picasso</a>, living in Paris. Other foreign artists also settled and worked in or near Paris, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_van_Gogh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent van Gogh (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vincent van Gogh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Chagall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Chagall (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marc Chagall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amedeo_Modigliani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amedeo Modigliani (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Amedeo Modigliani</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassily_Kandinsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wassily Kandinsky (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Wassily Kandinsky</a>. Many museums in France are entirely or partly devoted to sculptures and painting works. A huge collection of old masterpieces created before or during the 18th century are displayed in the state-owned <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée du Louvre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Musée du Louvre</a>, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mona_Lisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mona Lisa (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mona Lisa</a>, also known as La Joconde. While the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louvre_Palace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louvre Palace (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louvre Palace</a> has been for a long time a museum, the Musée d'Orsay was inaugurated in 1986 in the old railway station <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gare_d%27Orsay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gare d'Orsay (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gare d'Orsay</a>, in a major reorganization of national art collections, to gather French paintings from the second part of the 19th century (mainly Impressionism and Fauvism movements).<a href="#cite_note-266">[២៦១]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[២៦២]</a> Modern works are presented in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée National d'Art Moderne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Musée National d'Art Moderne</a>, which moved in 1976 to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Georges_Pompidou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Georges Pompidou (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Centre Georges Pompidou</a>. These three state-owned museums welcome close to 17 million people a year.<a href="#cite_note-sites-268">[២៦៣]</a> Other national museums hosting paintings include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Palais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Palais (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Grand Palais</a> (1.3 million visitors in 2008), but there are also many museums owned by cities, the most visited being the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris</a> (0.8 million entries in 2008), which hosts contemporary works.<a href="#cite_note-sites-268">[២៦៣]</a> Outside Paris, all the large cities have a Museum of Fine Arts with a section dedicated to European and French painting. Some of the finest collections are in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lyon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lille</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Rouen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rouen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Dijon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Dijon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Rennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rennes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rennes</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_Grenoble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of Grenoble (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Grenoble</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ស្ថាបត្យកម្ម">ស្ថាបត្យកម្ម</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=53" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ស្ថាបត្យកម្ម">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French architecture (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French architecture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Sainte_chapelle_-_Upper_level.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sainte_chapelle_-_Upper_level.jpg/220px-Sainte_chapelle_-_Upper_level.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sainte_chapelle_-_Upper_level.jpg/330px-Sainte_chapelle_-_Upper_level.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sainte_chapelle_-_Upper_level.jpg/440px-Sainte_chapelle_-_Upper_level.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_IX_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis IX of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint Louis'</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte_Chapelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sainte Chapelle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sainte Chapelle</a> represents the French impact on religious architecture.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Palais_Garnier%27s_grand_salon,_12_February_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Palais_Garnier%27s_grand_salon%2C_12_February_2008.jpg/220px-Palais_Garnier%27s_grand_salon%2C_12_February_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Palais_Garnier%27s_grand_salon%2C_12_February_2008.jpg/330px-Palais_Garnier%27s_grand_salon%2C_12_February_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Palais_Garnier%27s_grand_salon%2C_12_February_2008.jpg/440px-Palais_Garnier%27s_grand_salon%2C_12_February_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Op%C3%A9ra_Garnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opéra Garnier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Opéra Garnier</a>, Paris, a symbol of the French <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Empire_(architecture)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Empire (architecture) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Second Empire</a> style</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg/170px-Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg/255px-Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg/340px-Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>The world's most visited paid monument,<a href="#cite_note-269">[២៦៤]</a> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiffel_Tower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiffel Tower (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eiffel Tower</a> is an icon of both Paris and France.</figcaption></figure> During the Middle Ages, many fortified <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">castles</a> were built by feudal nobles to mark their powers. Some French castles that survived are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinon_(castle)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinon (castle) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Chinon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Angers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château d'Angers (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Château d'Angers</a>, the massive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Vincennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château de Vincennes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Château de Vincennes</a> and the so-called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathar_castles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathar castles (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cathar castles</a>. During this era, France had been using <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanesque architecture (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Romanesque architecture</a> like most of Western Europe. Some of the greatest examples of Romanesque churches in France are the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilique_de_Saint-Sernin,_Toulouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basilique de Saint-Sernin, Toulouse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint Sernin Basilica</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toulouse,_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toulouse, France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Toulouse</a>, the largest romanesque church in Europe,<a href="#cite_note-270">[២៦៥]</a> and the remains of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cluny_Abbey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cluny Abbey (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cluniac Abbey</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothic_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gothic architecture (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gothic architecture</a>, originally named Opus Francigenum meaning « French work »,<a href="#cite_note-271">[២៦៦]</a> was born in <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele-de-France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Île-de-France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Île-de-France</a> and was the first French style of architecture to be copied in all Europe.<a href="#cite_note-272">[២៦៧]</a> Northern France is the home of some of the most important Gothic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathedral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathedral (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">cathedrals</a> and basilicas, the first of these being the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Denis_Basilica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Denis Basilica (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint Denis Basilica</a> (used as the royal necropolis); other important French Gothic cathedrals are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_Chartres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathedral of Chartres (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Notre-Dame de Chartres</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiens_Cathedral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amiens Cathedral (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Notre-Dame d'Amiens</a>. The kings were crowned in another important Gothic church: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_de_Reims&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notre-Dame de Reims (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Notre-Dame de Reims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-273">[២៦៨]</a> Aside from churches, Gothic Architecture had been used for many religious palaces, the most important one being the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais_des_Papes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palais des Papes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Palais des Papes</a> in Avignon. The final victory in the Hundred Years' War marked an important stage in the evolution of French architecture. It was the time of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Renaissance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Renaissance (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Renaissance</a> and several artists from Italy were invited to the French court; many residential palaces were built in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loire_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loire Valley (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Loire Valley</a>. Such residential castles were the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chambord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château de Chambord (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Château de Chambord</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château de Chenonceau (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Château de Chenonceau</a>, or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Amboise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château d'Amboise (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Château d'Amboise</a>. Following the renaissance and the end of the Middle Ages, <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Baroque_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Baroque architecture (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Baroque architecture</a> replaced the traditional Gothic style. However, in France, baroque architecture found a greater success in the secular domain than in a religious one.<a href="#cite_note-274">[២៦៩]</a> In the secular domain, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palace_of_Versailles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palace of Versailles (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Palace of Versailles</a> has many baroque features. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Hardouin_Mansart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Hardouin Mansart (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jules Hardouin Mansart</a>, who designed the extensions to Versailles, was one of the most influential French architect of the baroque era; he is famous for his dome at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Invalides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Invalides (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Les Invalides</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[២៧០]</a> Some of the most impressive provincial baroque architecture is found in places that were not yet French such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_Stanislas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place Stanislas (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Place Stanislas</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy,_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy, France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nancy</a>. On the military architectural side, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vauban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vauban (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Vauban</a> designed some of the most efficient fortresses in Europe and became an influential military architect; as a result, imitations of his works can be found all over Europe, the Americas, Russia and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-276">[២៧១]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[២៧២]</a> After the Revolution, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republicanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republicanism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Republicans</a> favoured <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoclassicism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neoclassicism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Neoclassicism</a> although neoclassicism was introduced in France prior to the revolution with such building as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panth%C3%A9on,_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panthéon, Paris (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Parisian Pantheon</a> or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitole_de_Toulouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitole de Toulouse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Capitole de Toulouse</a>. Built during the first French Empire, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arc_de_Triomphe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arc de Triomphe (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Arc de Triomphe</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Église de la Madeleine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sainte Marie-Madeleine</a> represent the best example of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empire_style&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empire style (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Empire style</a> architecture.<a href="#cite_note-278">[២៧៣]</a> Under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon III (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Napoleon III</a>, a new wave of urbanism and architecture was given birth; extravagant buildings such as the neo-baroque <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais_Garnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palais Garnier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Palais Garnier</a> were built. The urban planning of the time was very organised and rigorous; for example, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haussmann%27s_renovation_of_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haussmann's renovation of Paris (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Haussmann's renovation of Paris</a>. The architecture associated to this era is named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Empire_(architecture)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Empire (architecture) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Second Empire</a> in English, the term being taken from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_French_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second French Empire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Second French Empire</a>. At this time there was a strong Gothic resurgence across Europe and in France; the associated architect was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eugène Viollet-le-Duc</a>. In the late 19th century, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Eiffel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustave Eiffel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gustave Eiffel</a> designed many bridges, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garabit_viaduct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garabit viaduct (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Garabit viaduct</a>, and remains one of the most influential bridge designers of his time, although he is best remembered for the iconic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiffel_Tower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiffel Tower (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eiffel Tower</a>. In the 20th century, French-Swiss architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Corbusier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Corbusier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Corbusier</a> designed several buildings in France. More recently, French architects have combined both modern and old architectural styles. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louvre_Pyramid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louvre Pyramid (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louvre Pyramid</a> is an example of modern architecture added to an older building. The most difficult buildings to integrate within French cities are skyscrapers, as they are visible from afar. For instance, in Paris, since 1977, new buildings had to be under 37 meters, or 121 feet.<a href="#cite_note-279">[២៧៤]</a> France's largest financial district is <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Defense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Defense (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">La Defense</a>, where a significant number of skyscrapers are located.<a href="#cite_note-280">[២៧៥]</a> Other massive buildings that are a challenge to integrate into their environment are large bridges; an example of the way this has been done is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Millau_Viaduct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millau Viaduct (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Millau Viaduct</a>. Some famous modern French architects include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Nouvel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Nouvel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean Nouvel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Perrault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominique Perrault (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Dominique Perrault</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_de_Portzamparc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian de Portzamparc (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Christian de Portzamparc</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Andreu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Andreu (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Paul Andreu</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="អក្សរសិល្ប៍">អក្សរសិល្ប៍</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=54" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ អក្សរសិល្ប៍">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French literature (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=km&wpDestFile=French_literary_figures.jpg" class="new" title="ឯកសារ:French literary figures.jpg">ឯកសារ:French literary figures.jpg</a><figcaption>French literary figures. Clockwise from top left: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moli%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molière (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Molière</a> is the most played author in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comédie-Française (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Comédie-Française</a>;<a href="#cite_note-281">[២៧៦]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Hugo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Hugo (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Victor Hugo</a> is one of the most important French novelists and poets, and is sometimes seen as the greatest French writer of all time.<a href="#cite_note-victor-282">[២៧៧]</a> 19th-century poet, writer, and translator <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Baudelaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Baudelaire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles Baudelaire</a>; 20th-century philosopher and novelist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Paul_Sartre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Paul Sartre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>. </figcaption></figure> The earliest French literature dates from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Age&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Age (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Middle Ages</a>, when what is now known as modern France did not have a single, uniform language. There were several languages and dialects and writers used their own spelling and grammar. Some authors of French mediaeval texts are unknown, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tristan_and_Iseult&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tristan and Iseult (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tristan and Iseult</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lancelot-Grail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancelot-Grail (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lancelot-Grail</a>. Other authors are known, for example <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrétien de Troyes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Chrétien de Troyes</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_IX_of_Aquitaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William IX of Aquitaine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Duke William IX of Aquitaine</a>, who wrote in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Occitan</a>. Much mediaeval French poetry and literature were inspired by the legends of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matter_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matter of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Matter of France</a>, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Song_of_Roland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Song of Roland (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Song of Roland</a> and the various <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chansons_de_geste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chansons de geste (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">chansons de geste</a>. The Roman de Renart, written in 1175 by Perrout de Saint Cloude, tells the story of the mediaeval character <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reynard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reynard (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Reynard</a> ('the Fox') and is another example of early French writing. An important 16th-century writer was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Rabelais (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">François Rabelais</a>, whose novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gargantua_and_Pantagruel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gargantua and Pantagruel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gargantua and Pantagruel</a> has remained famous and appreciated until now. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_de_Montaigne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel de Montaigne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Michel de Montaigne</a> was the other major figure of the French literature during that century. His most famous work, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Essays_(Montaigne)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essays (Montaigne) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Essais</a>, created the literary genre of the essay.<a href="#cite_note-283">[២៧៨]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_poetry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French poetry (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French poetry</a> during that century was embodied by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_de_Ronsard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre de Ronsard (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pierre de Ronsard</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joachim_du_Bellay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joachim du Bellay (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Joachim du Bellay</a>. Both writers founded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Pl%C3%A9iade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Pléiade (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">La Pléiade</a> literary movement. During the 17th century, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madame_de_La_Fayette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madame de La Fayette (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Madame de La Fayette</a> published anonymously <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Princesse_de_Cl%C3%A8ves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Princesse de Clèves (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">La Princesse de Clèves</a>, a novel that is considered to be one of the very first <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychological_novel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychological novel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">psychological novels</a> of all times.<a href="#cite_note-284">[២៧៩]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_de_La_Fontaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean de La Fontaine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean de La Fontaine</a> is one of the most famous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabulist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabulist (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">fabulist</a> of that time, as he wrote hundreds of fables, some being far more famous than others, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ant_and_the_Grasshopper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Ant and the Grasshopper (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Ant and the Grasshopper</a>. Generations of French pupils had to learn his fables, that were seen as helping teaching <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wisdom (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">wisdom</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_sense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common sense (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">common sense</a> to the young people. Some of his verses have entered the popular language to become proverbs.<a href="#cite_note-285">[២៨០]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Racine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Racine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean Racine</a>, whose incredible mastery of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandrine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">alexandrine</a> and of the French language has been praised for centuries, created plays such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%C3%A8dre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phèdre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Phèdre</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britannicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britannicus (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Britannicus</a>. He is, along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Corneille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Corneille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pierre Corneille</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Cid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Cid (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Cid</a>) and Molière, considered as one of the three great dramatists of the France's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XIV_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XIV of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">golden age</a>. Molière, who is deemed to be one of the greatest masters of comedy of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western literature (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Western literature</a>,<a href="#cite_note-286">[២៨១]</a> wrote <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moli%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molière (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">dozens of plays</a>, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Misanthrope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Misanthrope (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Misanthrope</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Avare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Avare (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">L'Avare</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Malade_imaginaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Malade imaginaire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Malade imaginaire</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Bourgeois_Gentilhomme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme</a>. His plays have been so popular around the world that French language is sometimes dubbed as "the language of Molière" (la langue de Molière),<a href="#cite_note-287">[២៨២]</a> just like English is considered as "the language of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shakespeare (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Shakespeare</a>". French literature and poetry flourished even more in the 18th and 19th centuries. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_Diderot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis Diderot (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Denis Diderot</a>'s best-known works are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_the_Fatalist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques the Fatalist (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jacques the Fatalist</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rameau%27s_Nephew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rameau's Nephew (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rameau's Nephew</a>. He is however best known for being the main redactor of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopédie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Encyclopédie</a>, whose aim was to sum up all the knowledge of his century (in fields such as arts, sciences, languages, philosophy) and to present them to the people, in order to fight ignorance and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obscurantism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obscurantism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">obscurantism</a>. During that same century, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Perrault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Perrault (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles Perrault</a> was a prolific writer of famous children's fairy tales including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puss_in_Boots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puss in Boots (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Puss in Boots</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinderella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinderella (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cinderella</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sleeping_Beauty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sleeping Beauty (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sleeping Beauty</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bluebeard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bluebeard (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bluebeard</a>. At the start of the 19th century, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Symbolist_poetry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symbolist poetry (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">symbolist poetry</a> was an important movement in French literature, with poets such as Charles Baudelaire, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Verlaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Verlaine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Paul Verlaine</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stéphane Mallarmé (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Stéphane Mallarmé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[២៨៣]</a> The 19th century saw the writings of many renowned French authors. Victor Hugo is sometimes seen as "the greatest French writer of all times"<a href="#cite_note-victor-282">[២៧៧]</a> for excelling in all <a href="/w/index.php?title=Literary_genre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literary genre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">literary genres</a>. The preface of his play <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromwell_(play)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cromwell (play) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cromwell</a> is considered to be the manifesto of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanticism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Romantic movement</a>. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Contemplations" class="extiw" title="fr:Les Contemplations">Les Contemplations</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_L%C3%A9gende_des_si%C3%A8cles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Légende des siècles (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">La Légende des siècles</a> are considered as "poetic masterpieces",<a href="#cite_note-hugo-289">[២៨៤]</a> Hugo's verse having been compared to that of Shakespeare, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dante (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Dante</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homer (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Homer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hugo-289">[២៨៤]</a> His novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Mis%C3%A9rables&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Misérables (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Les Misérables</a> is widely seen as one of the greatest novel ever written<a href="#cite_note-290">[២៨៥]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Hunchback of Notre Dame</a> has remained immensely popular. Other major authors of that century include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Dumas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre Dumas (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alexandre Dumas</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Three_Musketeers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Three Musketeers (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Three Musketeers</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Count_of_Monte-Cristo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Count of Monte-Cristo (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Count of Monte-Cristo</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Verne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Verne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jules Verne</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Zola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Zola (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Émile Zola</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Rougon-Macquart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Rougon-Macquart (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Les Rougon-Macquart</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honoré de Balzac (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Honoré de Balzac</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Com%C3%A9die_humaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Comédie humaine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">La Comédie humaine</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_de_Maupassant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy de Maupassant (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Guy de Maupassant</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théophile Gautier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Théophile Gautier</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stendhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stendhal (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Stendhal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Red_and_the_Black&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Red and the Black (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Red and the Black</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Charterhouse_of_Parma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Charterhouse of Parma (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Charterhouse of Parma</a>), whose works are amongst the most well known in France and the world. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prix_Goncourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prix Goncourt (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Prix Goncourt</a> is a French literary prize first awarded in 1903.<a href="#cite_note-291">[២៨៦]</a> Important writers of the 20th century include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Proust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Proust (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marcel Proust</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Ferdinand_C%C3%A9line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Ferdinand Céline (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis-Ferdinand Céline</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Camus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Camus (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Albert Camus</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Paul_Sartre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Paul Sartre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_de_Saint_Exup%C3%A9ry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine de Saint Exupéry (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Antoine de Saint Exupéry</a> wrote <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Little_Prince&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Little Prince (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Little Prince</a> which has remained popular for decades with children and adults around the world.<a href="#cite_note-292">[២៨៧]</a> As of 2010, French authors had more <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Prize_in_Literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobel Prize in Literature (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Literature Nobel Prizes</a> than <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">those of any other nation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-293">[២៨៨]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ទស្សនវិជ្ជា">ទស្សនវិជ្ជា</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=55" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ទស្សនវិជ្ជា">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French philosophy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French philosophy</a></div> Medieval philosophy was dominated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scholasticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scholasticism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Scholasticism</a> until the emergence of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanism_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humanism in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Humanism</a> in the Renaissance. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern philosophy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Modern philosophy</a> began in France in the 17th century with the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" class="mw-redirect" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blaise_Pascal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blaise Pascal (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Blaise Pascal</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Malebranche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Malebranche (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nicolas Malebranche</a>. Descartes revitalised <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western philosophy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Western philosophy</a>, which had been declined after the Greek and Roman eras.<a href="#cite_note-294">[២៨៩]</a> His <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meditations_on_First_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meditations on First Philosophy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Meditations on First Philosophy</a> changed the primary object of philosophical thought and raised some of the most fundamental problems for foreigners such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spinoza (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Spinoza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Leibniz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Hume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Hume (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hume</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Berkeley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Berkeley (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Berkeley</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Immanuel_Kant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immanuel Kant (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Kant</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/170px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/255px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/340px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" class="mw-redirect" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, founder of modern philosophy.</figcaption></figure> During the 18th century, French philosophers produced one of the most important works of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Age_of_Enlightenment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Age of Enlightenment (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Age of Enlightenment</a>. In <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Spirit_of_the_Laws&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Spirit of the Laws (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Spirit of the Laws</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baron_de_Montesquieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baron de Montesquieu (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Baron de Montesquieu</a> theorized the principle of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Separation_of_powers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Separation of powers (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">separation of powers</a>, which has been implemented in all <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal democracy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">liberal democracies</a> since <a href="/w/index.php?title=Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">it was first applied in the United States</a>. In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Du_contrat_social_ou_Principes_du_droit_politique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Du contrat social ou Principes du droit politique (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Social Contract</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Jacques_Rousseau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> openly criticized the European <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divine_right_monarchy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divine right monarchy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">divine right monarchies</a> and strongly affirmed the principle of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereignty_of_the_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sovereignty of the people (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">sovereignty of the people</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voltaire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Voltaire</a> came to embody the Enlightenment with his defence of civil liberties, such as the right to a free trial and freedom of religion. 19th-century French thought was targeted at responding to the social malaise following the French Revolution. Rationalist philosophers such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Cousin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Cousin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Victor Cousin</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Comte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste Comte (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Auguste Comte</a>, who called for a new social doctrine, were opposed by reactionnary thinkers such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_de_Maistre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph de Maistre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Joseph de Maistre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Gabriel_Ambroise_de_Bonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis de Bonald</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugues_Felicit%C3%A9_Robert_de_Lamennais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lamennais</a>, who blamed the rationalist rejection of traditional order. De Maistre is considered, together with the Englishman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Burke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Burke (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Edmund Burke</a>, one of the founders of European conservatism, while Comte is regarded as the founder of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Positivism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Positivism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">positivism</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociology (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">sociology</a>. In the early 20th century, French <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiritualism_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiritualism (philosophy) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">spiritualist</a> thinkers such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maine_de_Biran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maine de Biran (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Maine de Biran</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Bergson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Bergson (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Henri Bergson</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Lavelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Lavelle (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis Lavelle</a> influenced Anglo-Saxon thought, including the Americans <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Sanders_Peirce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Sanders Peirce (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles Sanders Peirce</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William James (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">William James</a>, and the Englishman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_North_Whitehead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred North Whitehead (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Alfred North Whitehead</a>. In the late 20th century, partly influenced by German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phenomenology_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenomenology (philosophy) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">phenomenology</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Existentialism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">existentialism</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Postmodern_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postmodern philosophy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">postmodern philosophy</a> began in France, with notable <a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-structuralism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-structuralism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">post-structuralist</a> thinkers including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-François Lyotard (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-François Lyotard</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baudrillard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Baudrillard (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean Baudrillard</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Derrida (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jacques Derrida</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Lacan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Lacan (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jacques Lacan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Foucault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Foucault (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Michel Foucault</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilles_Deleuze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilles Deleuze (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gilles Deleuze</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sciences">Sciences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=56" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Sciences">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_inventions_and_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of French inventions and discoveries (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">List of French inventions and discoveries</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Ariane4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ariane4.jpg/170px-Ariane4.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ariane4.jpg/255px-Ariane4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ariane4.jpg/340px-Ariane4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ariane 4 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ariane 4</a> launched from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kourou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kourou (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Kourou</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Guiana (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Guiana</a> (1988)</figcaption></figure> France has been since the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Ages (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Middle Ages</a> a major focus of knowledge and discoveries. Around the beginning of the 11th century <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Sylvester_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pope Sylvester II (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pope Sylvester II</a> reintroduced the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abacus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abacus (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">abacus</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armillary_sphere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armillary sphere (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">armillary sphere</a>, and introduced <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabic_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabic numerals (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Arabic numerals</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clock (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">clocks</a> to northern and western Europe.<a href="#cite_note-295">[២៩០]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Paris (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">University of Paris</a>, founded in the mid-12th century, is still one of the most important universities of the Western world.<a href="#cite_note-296">[២៩១]</a> In the 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" class="mw-redirect" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a> defined a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rationalism (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">method for the acquisition of scientific knowledge</a>, while <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blaise_Pascal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blaise Pascal (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Blaise Pascal</a> became famous for his work on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Probability&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Probability (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">probability</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluid_mechanics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluid mechanics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">fluid mechanics</a>. They were both key figures of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific revolution (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Scientific revolution</a> which erupted in Europe during this period. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Academy of Sciences (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Academy of Sciences</a> was founded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XIV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XIV (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis XIV</a> to encourage and protect the spirit of <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French people (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_method&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific method (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">scientific research</a>. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is one of the earliest <a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of sciences (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">academies of sciences</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Age_of_Enlightenment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Age of Enlightenment (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Age of Enlightenment</a> was marked by the work of biologist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_Comte_de_Buffon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Buffon</a> and chemist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Lavoisier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Lavoisier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lavoisier</a>, who discovered the role of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxygen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxygen (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">oxygen</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combustion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">combustion</a>, while <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_Diderot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis Diderot (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Diderot</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">D'Alembert</a> published the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopédie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Encyclopédie</a> which aimed to give access to "useful knowledge" to the people, a knowledge that they can apply to their everyday life.<a href="#cite_note-297">[២៩២]</a> With the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Industrial_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industrial Revolution (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Industrial Revolution</a>, the 19th century saw spectacular scientific developments in France with scientists such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustin_Fresnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustin Fresnel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Augustin Fresnel</a>, founder of modern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">optics</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sadi Carnot</a> who laid the foundations of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermodynamics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">thermodynamics</a>, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Pasteur (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis Pasteur</a>, a pioneer of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microbiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microbiology (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">microbiology</a>. Other eminent French scientists of the 19th century have their <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_the_72_names_on_the_Eiffel_Tower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower</a>. Famous French scientists of the 20th century include the mathematician and physicist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Poincar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Poincaré (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Henri Poincaré</a>, physicists <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Becquerel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Becquerel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Henri Becquerel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Curie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Curie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pierre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a>, remained famous for their work on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioactivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioactivity (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">radioactivity</a>, the physicist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Langevin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Langevin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Paul Langevin</a> or virologist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Montagnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luc Montagnier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Luc Montagnier</a>, co-discoverer of <a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV_AIDS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV AIDS (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">HIV AIDS</a>. As of 2012, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_country&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Nobel laureates by country (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">65 French</a> people have been awarded a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobel Prize (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nobel Prize</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[២៩៣]</a> and 11 have received the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fields_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fields Medal (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Fields Medal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[២៩៤]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="តន្ត្រី">តន្ត្រី</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=57" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ តន្ត្រី">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Music of France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Gainsbourgb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gainsbourgb.jpg/170px-Gainsbourgb.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Gainsbourgb.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="186" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serge_Gainsbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serge Gainsbourg (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Serge Gainsbourg</a>, one of the world's most influential popular musicians.<a href="#cite_note-300">[២៩៥]</a></figcaption></figure> France has a long and varied musical history. It experienced a golden age in the 17th century thanks to Louis XIV, who employed several musicians and composers in the royal court. The most renowned composers of this period include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc-Antoine_Charpentier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Couperin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Couperin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">François Couperin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel-Richard_Delalande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel-Richard Delalande (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Michel-Richard Delalande</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marin_Marais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marin Marais (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marin Marais</a>, all of them composers at the court. After the death of the "Roi Soleil", French musical creation lost dynamism, but in the next century the music of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Philippe_Rameau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Philippe Rameau (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-Philippe Rameau</a> reached some prestige, and today he is still one of the most renowned French composers. French classical music knew a revival in the 19th and 20th century, at the end of the romantic movement, at first with opera composers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hector_Berlioz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hector Berlioz (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hector Berlioz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bizet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Bizet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Georges Bizet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Fauré (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gabriel Fauré</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Gounod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Gounod (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles Gounod</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Offenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Offenbach (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jacques Offenbach</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Lalo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Lalo (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Édouard Lalo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Massenet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Massenet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jules Massenet</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camille Saint-Saëns (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Camille Saint-Saëns</a>. This period was a golden age for operas, being popular in the country the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Op%C3%A9ra_bouffon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opéra bouffon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">opéra bouffon</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opera-ballet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opera-ballet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">opera-ballet</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Op%C3%A9ra_comique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opéra comique (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">opéra comique</a> genres. Later came precursors of modern classical music <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89rik_Satie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Érik Satie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Érik Satie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Poulenc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Poulenc (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Francis Poulenc</a>, and above all <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Ravel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Ravel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Maurice Ravel</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Debussy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Debussy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Claude Debussy</a>, who invented new musical forms.<a href="#cite_note-301">[២៩៦]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[២៩៧]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[២៩៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[២៩៩]</a> More recently, at the middle of the 20th century, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Ohana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Ohana (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Maurice Ohana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Schaeffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Schaeffer (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pierre Schaeffer</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Boulez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Boulez (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pierre Boulez</a> contributed to the evolutions of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_classical_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contemporary classical music (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">contemporary classical music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[៣០០]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:DaftAlive.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DaftAlive.jpeg/220px-DaftAlive.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DaftAlive.jpeg/330px-DaftAlive.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DaftAlive.jpeg/440px-DaftAlive.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daft_Punk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daft Punk (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Daft Punk</a>, pioneers of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_house&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French house (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French house</a>.</figcaption></figure> French music then followed the rapid emergence of pop and rock music at the middle of the 20th century. Although English-speaking creations achieved popularity in the country, <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_popular_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French popular music (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French pop music</a>, known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chanson_fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chanson française (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">chanson française</a>, has also remained very popular. Among the most important French artists of the century are <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89dith_Piaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édith Piaf (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Édith Piaf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Brassens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Brassens (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Georges Brassens</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9o_Ferr%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léo Ferré (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Léo Ferré</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Aznavour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Aznavour (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles Aznavour</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serge_Gainsbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serge Gainsbourg (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Serge Gainsbourg</a>. Although there are very few rock bands in France compared to English-speaking countries,<a href="#cite_note-306">[៣០១]</a> bands such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noir_D%C3%A9sir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noir Désir (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Noir Désir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mano_Negra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mano Negra (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mano Negra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niagara_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niagara (band) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Niagara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Rita_Mitsouko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Rita Mitsouko (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Les Rita Mitsouko</a> and more recently <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superbus_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superbus (band) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Superbus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenix (band) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Phoenix</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gojira_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gojira (band) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gojira</a><a href="#cite_note-frmusic-307">[៣០២]</a> have reached worldwide popularity. Other French artists with international careers have been popular in several countries, for example female singers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalida (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Dalida</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mireille_Mathieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mireille Mathieu (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mireille Mathieu</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Myl%C3%A8ne_Farmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mylène Farmer (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mylène Farmer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-frmusic-307">[៣០២]</a> electronic music pioneers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Michel_Jarre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Michel Jarre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-Michel Jarre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Garnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurent Garnier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Laurent Garnier</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Sinclar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Sinclar (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bob Sinclar</a>, and later <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Solveig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Solveig (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Martin Solveig</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Guetta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Guetta (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">David Guetta</a>. In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), electronic duos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daft_Punk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daft Punk (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Daft Punk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justice_(French_band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justice (French band) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Justice</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_(French_band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air (French band) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Air</a> also reached worldwide popularity and contributed to the reputation of modern electronic music in the world.<a href="#cite_note-frmusic-307">[៣០២]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[៣០៣]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[៣០៤]</a> Among current musical events and institutions in France, many are dedicated to classical music and operas. The most prestigious institutions are the state-owned <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paris_National_Opera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paris National Opera (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Paris National Opera</a> (with its two sites <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais_Garnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palais Garnier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Palais Garnier</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Op%C3%A9ra_Bastille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opéra Bastille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Opéra Bastille</a>), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Op%C3%A9ra_National_de_Lyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opéra National de Lyon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Opéra National de Lyon</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Ch%C3%A2telet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théâtre du Châtelet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Théâtre du Châtelet</a> in Paris, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Capitole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théâtre du Capitole (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Théâtre du Capitole</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toulouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toulouse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Toulouse</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Bordeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux</a>. As for music festivals, there are several events organized, the most popular being the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurock%C3%A9ennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurockéennes (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eurockéennes</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_en_Seine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rock en Seine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rock en Seine</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%AAte_de_la_Musique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fête de la Musique (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Fête de la Musique</a>, imitated by many foreign cities, was first launched by the French government in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-310">[៣០៥]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[៣០៦]</a> Major music halls and venues in France include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Z%C3%A9nith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Zénith (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Zénith</a> sites present in many cities and other places in Paris (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paris_Olympia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paris Olympia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Paris Olympia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Mogador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théâtre Mogador (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Théâtre Mogador</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Montmartre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Élysée Montmartre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Élysée Montmartre</a>, etc.). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=58" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Cinema">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cinema of France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Palmed%27or.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palmed%27or.jpg/220px-Palmed%27or.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palmed%27or.jpg/330px-Palmed%27or.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palmed%27or.jpg/440px-Palmed%27or.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palme_d%27Or&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palme d'Or (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Palme d'Or</a> from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannes_Film_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannes Film Festival (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cannes Film Festival</a>, the world's most prestigious and publicized film festival.<a href="#cite_note-312">[៣០៧]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[៣០៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[៣០៩]</a></figcaption></figure> France has historical and strong links with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filmmaking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filmmaking (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">cinema</a>, with two <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frenchmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frenchmen (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Frenchmen</a>, Auguste and Louis Lumière (known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lumière Brothers</a>) having created cinema in 1895.<a href="#cite_note-315">[៣១០]</a> France remains a leader in filmmaking, as of 2006 producing more films than any other European country.<a href="#cite_note-316">[៣១១]</a> The nation also hosts the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannes_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannes Festival (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cannes Festival</a>, one of the most important and famous film festivals in the world.<a href="#cite_note-317">[៣១២]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[៣១៣]</a> Although the French film market is dominated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollywood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollywood (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Hollywood</a>, France is the only nation in the world where American films make up the smallest share of total film revenues, at 50%, compared with 77% in Germany and 69% in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-erudit-319">[៣១៤]</a> French films account for 35% of the total film revenues of France, which is the highest percentage of national film revenues in the developed world outside the United States, compared to 14% in Spain and 8% in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-erudit-319">[៣១៤]</a> Until recently, France had for centuries been the cultural center of the world,<a href="#cite_note-exception-112">[១០៧]</a> although its dominant position has been surpassed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American culture (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">United States</a>. Subsequently, France takes steps in protecting and promoting its culture, becoming a leading advocate of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultural_exception&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultural exception (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">cultural exception</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[៣១៥]</a> The nation succeeded in convincing all EU members to refuse to include culture and audiovisuals in the list of liberalized sectors of the WTO in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-321">[៣១៦]</a> Moreover, this decision was confirmed in a voting in the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in 2005, and the principle of "cultural exception" won an overwhelming victory: 198 countries voted for it, only 2 countries, the U.S and Israel, voted against it.<a href="#cite_note-322">[៣១៧]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=59" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Fashion">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French fashion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French fashion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg/220px-Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg/330px-Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg/440px-Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chanel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chanel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Chanel</a>'s headquarters on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_Vend%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place Vendôme (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Place Vendôme</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> Fashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the 17th century, and modern "haute couture" originated in Paris in the 1860s. Today, Paris, along with London, Milan, and New York City, is considered one of the world's fashion capitals, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses. The expression <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haute_couture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haute couture (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Haute couture</a> is, in France, a legally protected name, guaranteeing certain quality standards. The association of France with fashion and style (បារាំង: la mode) dates largely to the reign of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_XIV_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis XIV of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Louis XIV</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[៣១៨]</a> when the luxury goods industries in France came increasingly under royal control and the French royal court became, arguably, the arbiter of taste and style in Europe. But France renewed its dominance of the high fashion (បារាំង: couture or haute couture) industry in the years 1860–1960 through the establishing of the great <a href="/w/index.php?title=Couturier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Couturier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">couturier</a> houses such as Chanel, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Dior_S.A.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Dior S.A. (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Dior</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Givenchy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Givenchy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Givenchy</a>. The French perfume industry is world leader in its sector and is centered around the town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grasse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grasse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Grasse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[៣១៩]</a> In the 1960s, the elitist "Haute couture" came under criticism from France's <a href="/w/index.php?title=May_1968_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="May 1968 in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">youth culture</a>. In 1966, the designer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yves Saint Laurent (designer) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Yves Saint Laurent</a> broke with established Haute Couture norms by launching a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%AAt-%C3%A0-porter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prêt-à-porter (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">prêt-à-porter</a> ("ready to wear") line and expanding French fashion into mass manufacturing. With a greater focus on marketing and manufacturing, new trends were established by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonia_Rykiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonia Rykiel (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sonia Rykiel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thierry_Mugler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thierry Mugler (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Thierry Mugler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Montana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Montana (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Claude Montana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Paul_Gaultier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Paul Gaultier (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean-Paul Gaultier</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Lacroix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Lacroix (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Christian Lacroix</a> in the 1970s and 1980s. The 1990s saw a conglomeration of many French couture houses under luxury giants and multinationals such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=LVMH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LVMH (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">LVMH</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ប្រព័ន្ធផ្សព្វផ្សាយ">ប្រព័ន្ធផ្សព្វផ្សាយ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=60" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ប្រព័ន្ធផ្សព្វផ្សាយ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Telecommunications in France</a></div> Compared to other developed countries, the French do not spend much time reading newspapers, due to the popularity of broadcast media. Best-selling daily national newspapers in France are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Monde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Monde (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Monde</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Figaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Figaro (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Figaro</a>, with around 300,000 copies sold daily, but also <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27%C3%89quipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Équipe (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">L'Équipe</a>, dedicated to sports coverage.<a href="#cite_note-325">[៣២០]</a> In the past years, free dailies made a breakthrough, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metro International (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Metro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=20_minutes_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20 minutes (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">20 Minutes</a> and Direct Plus distributed at more than 650,000 copies respectively.<a href="#cite_note-326">[៣២១]</a> However, the widest circulations are reached by regional daily <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ouest_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ouest France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ouest France</a> with more than 750,000 copies sold, and the 50 other regional papers have also high sales.<a href="#cite_note-327">[៣២២]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[៣២៣]</a> The sector of weekly magazines is stronger and diversified with more than 400 specialized weekly magazines published in the country.<a href="#cite_note-329">[៣២៤]</a> The most influential news magazine are left-wing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Nouvel_Observateur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Nouvel Observateur (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Nouvel Observateur</a>, centrist <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Express_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Express (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">L'Express</a> and right-wing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Point (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Point</a> (more than 400.000 copies),<a href="#cite_note-330">[៣២៥]</a> but the highest circulation for weeklies is reached by TV magazines and by women’s magazines, among them <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Claire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Claire (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marie Claire</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=ELLE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ELLE (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ELLE</a>, which have foreign versions. Influential weeklies also include investigative and satirical papers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Canard_Encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Canard Enchaîné (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Canard Enchaîné</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlie_Hebdo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlie Hebdo (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charlie Hebdo</a>, as well as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paris_Match&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paris Match (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Paris Match</a>. Like in most industrialized nations, the print media have been affected by a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Newspaper_crisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newspaper crisis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">severe crisis</a> in the past decade. In 2008, the government have launched a major initiative to help the sector reform to be financially independent,<a href="#cite_note-331">[៣២៦]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[៣២៧]</a> but in 2009 it had to give 600.000 euros to help the print media cope with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_financial_crisis_of_2008-2009&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global financial crisis of 2008-2009 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">economic crisis</a>, in addition to existing subsidies.<a href="#cite_note-333">[៣២៨]</a> In 1974, after years of centralized monopoly on radio and television, the governmental agency <a href="/w/index.php?title=ORTF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORTF (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ORTF</a> was split into several national institutions, but the three already-existing TV channels and four national radio stations<a href="#cite_note-334">[៣២៩]</a><a href="#cite_note-mediapol-335">[៣៣០]</a> remained under state-control. It was only in 1981 that the government allowed free broadcasting in the territory, ending state monopoly on radio.<a href="#cite_note-mediapol-335">[៣៣០]</a> French television was partly liberalized in the next two decade with the creation of several commercial channels, mainly thanks to cable and satellite television. In 2005 the national service <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Num%C3%A9rique_Terrestre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Télévision Numérique Terrestre (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Télévision Numérique Terrestre</a> introduced digital television all over the territory, allowing the creation of other channels. The four existing national channels are now owned by state-owned consortium <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France Télévisions (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France Télévisions</a>, while public broadcasting group <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Radio France</a> run five national radio stations. Among these public media are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_France_Internationale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio France Internationale (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Radio France Internationale</a>, which broadcasts programs in French all over the world, and Franco-German TV channel <a href="/w/index.php?title=TV5_Monde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV5 Monde (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">TV5 Monde</a>. In 2006, the government created global news channel <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France 24 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France 24</a>. Long-established TV channels <a href="/w/index.php?title=TF1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TF1 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">TF1</a> (privatized in 1987), <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France 2 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France 2</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France 3 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France 3</a> have the highest shares, while radio stations <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_(French_radio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL (French radio) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">RTL</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe 1 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Europe 1</a> and state-owned <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_Inter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France Inter (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">France Inter</a> are the least listened to. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="សង្គម">សង្គម</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=61" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សង្គម">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg/220px-Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg/330px-Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg/440px-Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marianne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marianne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marianne</a>, in a painting by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène Delacroix (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eugène Delacroix</a>, La Liberté guidant le peuple (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberty_Leading_the_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberty Leading the People (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Liberty Leading the People</a>) (1830)</figcaption></figure> According to a BBC poll in 2010, based on 29,977 responses in 28 countries, France is globally seen as a positive influence in the world's affairs: 49% have a positive view of the country's influence, whereas 19% have a negative view.<a href="#cite_note-336">[៣៣១]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[៣៣២]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nation_Brands_Index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nation Brands Index (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Nation Brand Index</a> of 2008 suggested that France has the second best international reputation, only behind <a href="/wiki/Germany#Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-338">[៣៣៣]</a> According to a poll in 2011, the French were found to have the highest level of religious tolerance and to be the country where the highest proportion of the population defines its identity primarily in term of nationality and not religion.<a href="#cite_note-pewmwtp-339">[៣៣៤]</a> 69% of French have a favourable view of the US, making France one of the most pro-American countries in the world.<a href="#cite_note-340">[៣៣៥]</a> In January 2010, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magazine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">magazine</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Living&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Living (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">International Living</a> ranked France as "best country to live in", ahead of 193 other countries, for the fifth year running.<a href="#cite_note-341">[៣៣៦]</a><a href="#cite_note-quality-342">[៣៣៧]</a> The four official symbols of the Republic, as stated by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of the French Fifth Republic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Constitution</a>,<a href="#cite_note-343">[៣៣៨]</a> all commemorate events from the French Revolution. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastille_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastille Day (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bastille Day</a>, the national holiday, commemorates the <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fête de la Fédération (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Fête de la Fédération</a>, held on 14 July 1790 to celebrate the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Storming_of_the_Bastille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storming of the Bastille (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">storming of the Bastille</a>.<a href="#cite_note-344">[៣៣៩]</a> The origins of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tricolour flag</a> date to the Revolution, as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cockade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cockade (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">cockade</a> was the symbols adopted by the revolutionaries in 1789.<a href="#cite_note-345">[៣៤០]</a> The national anthem, <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Marseillaise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Marseillaise (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">La Marseillaise</a>, was written in 1792 as a war song for the French Army.<a href="#cite_note-346">[៣៤១]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[៣៤២]</a> The official motto of the French Republic, "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a>" (Liberty, equality, brotherhood), also appeared during the Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-348">[៣៤៣]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marianne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marianne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Marianne</a>, an unofficial symbol, is an allegorical figure of liberty and the Republic, and appeared at the time of the Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-349">[៣៤៤]</a> A common and traditional symbol of the French people is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallic_rooster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallic rooster (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Gallic rooster</a>. Its origins date back to Antiquity, since the Latin word Gallus meant both "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rooster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rooster (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">rooster</a>" and "inhabitant of Gaul". Then this figure gradually became the most widely shared representation of the French, used by French monarchs, then by the Revolution and under the successive republican regimes as representation of the national identity, used for some stamps and coins.<a href="#cite_note-350">[៣៤៥]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=62" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ Gastronomy">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French cuisine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg/220px-Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg/330px-Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg/440px-Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foie_gras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foie gras (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Foie gras</a> with mustard seeds and green onions in duck <a href="/w/index.php?title=Au_jus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Au jus (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">jus</a>. Foie gras belongs to the protected gastronomical heritage of France.<a href="#cite_note-351">[៣៤៦]</a></figcaption></figure> French cuisine is renowned for being one of the finest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-352">[៣៤៧]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[៣៤៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[៣៤៩]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[៣៥០]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[៣៥១]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[៣៥២]</a> French cuisine is extremely diverse and has exerted a major influence on other western cuisines.<a href="#cite_note-cuisine-358">[៣៥៣]</a> According to the regions, traditional recipes are different, the North of the country prefers to use butter as the preferred fat for cooking, whereas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olive oil (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">olive oil</a> is more commonly used in the South.<a href="#cite_note-359">[៣៥៤]</a> Moreover, each region of France has iconic traditional specialities : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cassoulet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cassoulet (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cassoulet</a> in the Southwest, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choucroute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choucroute (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Choucroute</a> in Alsace, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quiche (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Quiche</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorraine_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorraine (region) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lorraine region</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beef_bourguignon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beef bourguignon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Beef bourguignon</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgundy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burgundy (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bourgogne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provence (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">provençal</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapenade (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tapenade</a>, etc. France's most renowned products are <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_wine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French wine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">wines</a>,<a href="#cite_note-360">[៣៥៥]</a> including Champagne, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux_wine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bordeaux wine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgundy_wine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burgundy wine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Bourgogne</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beaujolais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beaujolais (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Beaujolais</a> as well as a large variety of different <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_cheeses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of French cheeses (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">cheeses</a>, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camembert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camembert (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Camembert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roquefort_(cheese)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roquefort (cheese) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Roquefort</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brie_cheese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brie cheese (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Brie</a>. There are more than 400 different varieties.<a href="#cite_note-361">[៣៥៦]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[៣៥៧]</a> French cuisine is also regarded as a key element of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quality_of_life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quality of life (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">quality of life</a> and the attractiveness of France.<a href="#cite_note-quality-342">[៣៣៧]</a> A French publication, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michelin_guide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michelin guide (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Michelin guide</a>, had by 2006 awarded 620 stars to French restaurants, at that time more than any other country, although the guide also inspects more restaurants in France than in any other country (by 2010, Japan was awarded as many Michelin stars as France, despite having half the number of Michelin inspectors working there).<a href="#cite_note-363">[៣៥៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[៣៥៩]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="កីឡា">កីឡា</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=63" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ កីឡា">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295577"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">អត្ថបទដើម: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sport_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sport in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Sport in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/220px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/330px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/440px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2143" data-file-height="1709" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tour_de_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tour de France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tour de France</a> is the oldest and most prestigious of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Tour_(cycling)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Tour (cycling) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Grands Tours</a>, and the world's most famous cycling race.<a href="#cite_note-365">[៣៦០]</a></figcaption></figure> Popular sports played in France include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_football&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association football (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">football</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judo (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">judo</a>, tennis<a href="#cite_note-366">[៣៦១]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basketball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basketball (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">basketball</a>.<a href="#cite_note-367">[៣៦២]</a> France has hosted events such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_FIFA_World_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 FIFA World Cup (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1938</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_FIFA_World_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 FIFA World Cup (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1998 FIFA World Cups</a>,<a href="#cite_note-368">[៣៦៣]</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_Rugby_World_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 Rugby World Cup (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">2007 Rugby World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-369">[៣៦៤]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stade_de_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stade de France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Stade de France</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Denis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Saint-Denis</a> is France's largest stadium and was the venue for the 1998 FIFA World Cup and 2007 Rugby World Cup finals. France hosts the annual <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tour_de_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tour de France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tour de France</a>, the most famous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_bicycle_race&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Road bicycle race (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">road bicycle race</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-370">[៣៦៥]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[៣៦៦]</a> France is famous for its <a href="/w/index.php?title=24_Hours_of_Le_Mans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="24 Hours of Le Mans (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">24 Hours of Le Mans</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_car_racing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sports car racing (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">sports car</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_racing_(motorsport)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endurance racing (motorsport) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">endurance race</a>.<a href="#cite_note-372">[៣៦៧]</a> Several major tennis tournaments take place in France, including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paris_Masters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paris Masters (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Paris Masters</a> and the French Open, one of the four <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Slam_(tennis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Slam (tennis) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Grand Slam</a> tournaments. French <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martial_arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martial arts (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">martial arts</a> include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savate (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Savate</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fencing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fencing (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Fencing</a>. France has a close association with the Modern Olympic Games; it was a French aristocrat, Baron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_de_Coubertin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre de Coubertin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pierre de Coubertin</a>, who suggested the Games' revival, at the end of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-373">[៣៦៨]</a><a href="#cite_note-Olympic-374">[៣៦៩]</a> After <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athens (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Athens</a> was awarded the first Games, in reference to the Olympics' Greek origins, Paris hosted the second Games <a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 Summer Olympics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">in 1900</a>.<a href="#cite_note-375">[៣៧០]</a> Paris was the first home of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Olympic_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Olympic Committee (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">International Olympic Committee</a>, before it moved to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lausanne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lausanne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Lausanne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-376">[៣៧១]</a> Since 1900, France has hosted the Olympics on 4 further occasions: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 Summer Olympics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1924 Summer Olympics</a>, again in Paris<a href="#cite_note-Olympic-374">[៣៦៩]</a> and three <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winter_Olympic_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winter Olympic Games (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Winter Games</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 Winter Olympics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1924</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamonix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chamonix (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Chamonix</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 Winter Olympics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1968</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenoble (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Grenoble</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Winter Olympics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1992</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albertville (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Albertville</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Olympic-374">[៣៦៩]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Finale_Coupe_de_France_2010-2011_(Lille_LOSC_vs_Paris_SG_PSG).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Finale_Coupe_de_France_2010-2011_%28Lille_LOSC_vs_Paris_SG_PSG%29.jpg/220px-Finale_Coupe_de_France_2010-2011_%28Lille_LOSC_vs_Paris_SG_PSG%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Finale_Coupe_de_France_2010-2011_%28Lille_LOSC_vs_Paris_SG_PSG%29.jpg/330px-Finale_Coupe_de_France_2010-2011_%28Lille_LOSC_vs_Paris_SG_PSG%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Finale_Coupe_de_France_2010-2011_%28Lille_LOSC_vs_Paris_SG_PSG%29.jpg/440px-Finale_Coupe_de_France_2010-2011_%28Lille_LOSC_vs_Paris_SG_PSG%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stade_de_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stade de France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Stade de France</a> was built for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_FIFA_World_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 FIFA World Cup (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1998 FIFA World Cup</a>, and is listed as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=UEFA_stadium_categories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UEFA stadium categories (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">UEFA category four stadium</a>.</figcaption></figure> Both the <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_national_football_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France national football team (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">national football team</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_national_rugby_union_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France national rugby union team (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">national rugby union team</a> are nicknamed “Les Bleus” in reference to the team’s shirt color as well as the national French tricolor flag. Football is the most popular sport in France, with over 1,800,000 registered players, and over 18,000 registered clubs.<a href="#cite_note-377">[៣៧២]</a> The football team is among the most successful in the world, particularly at the start of the 21st century, with one <a href="/w/index.php?title=FIFA_World_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FIFA World Cup (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">FIFA World Cup</a> victory in 1998,<a href="#cite_note-378">[៣៧៣]</a> one FIFA World Cup second place in 2006,<a href="#cite_note-379">[៣៧៤]</a> and two <a href="/w/index.php?title=UEFA_European_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UEFA European Championship (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">UEFA European Championships</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=UEFA_Euro_1984&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UEFA Euro 1984 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1984</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[៣៧៥]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=UEFA_Euro_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UEFA Euro 2000 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">2000</a>.<a href="#cite_note-381">[៣៧៦]</a> The top national football club competition is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligue_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligue 1 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ligue 1</a>. France has produced some of the greatest players in the world, including three time <a href="/w/index.php?title=FIFA_World_Player_of_the_Year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FIFA World Player of the Year (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">FIFA World Player of the Year</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinedine_Zidane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinedine Zidane (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Zinedine Zidane</a>, three time <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballon_d%27Or&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballon d'Or (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ballon d'Or</a> recipient <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Platini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Platini (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Michel Platini</a>, record holder for most goals scored at a World Cup <a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_Fontaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Just Fontaine (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Just Fontaine</a>, first football player to receive the <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Légion d'honneur (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Légion d'honneur</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Kopa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Kopa (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Raymond Kopa</a>, and the all-time leading goalscorer for the French national team <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thierry_Henry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thierry Henry (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Thierry Henry</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby union (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rugby union</a> is popular, particularly in Paris and the southwest of France.<a href="#cite_note-382">[៣៧៧]</a> The national rugby union team has competed at every <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_World_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby World Cup (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rugby World Cup</a>, and takes part in the annual <a href="/w/index.php?title=Six_Nations_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Six Nations Championship (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Six Nations Championship</a>. Stemming from a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top 14 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">strong domestic league</a>, the French rugby team has won 16 Six Nations Championships, including 8 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Slam_(rugby_union)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Slam (rugby union) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">grand slams</a>; and has reached the semi-final of the Rugby World Cup 6 times and the final 3 times. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_league_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby league in France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rugby league in France</a> is a sport that is most popular in the south, in cities such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpignan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perpignan (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Perpignan</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toulouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toulouse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Toulouse</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalans_Dragons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catalans Dragons (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Catalans Dragons</a> currently play in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super League (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Super League</a>, which is the top tier rugby league competition in Europe. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elite_One_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elite One Championship (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Elite One Championship</a> is the professional competition for rugby league clubs in France. In recent decades, France has produced world-elite basketball players, most notably <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Parker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Parker (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Tony Parker</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_national_basketball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France national basketball team (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French National Basketball Team</a> won gold at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=FIBA_EuroBasket_2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FIBA EuroBasket 2013 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">FIBA EuroBasket 2013</a>. The national team has won two Olympic Silver Medals: in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basketball_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basketball at the 2000 Summer Olympics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">2000</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basketball_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basketball at the 1948 Summer Olympics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">1948</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="កំណត់សម្គាល់">កំណត់សម្គាល់</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=64" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ កំណត់សម្គាល់">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r295543">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-one-1"><a href="#cite_ref-one_1-0">↑</a> សម្រាប់ព័ត៌មានអំពីភាសាតាមតំបន់, សូមមើល <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ភាសានៃបារាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ភាសានៃបារាំង</a>។ </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> ទិន្នន័យរបស់<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វិទ្យាស្ថានភូមិសាស្ត្រជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វិទ្យាស្ថានភូមិសាស្ត្រជាតិ</a> (IGN) ដោយរាប់បញ្ចូលទាំងផ្ទៃទឹកដែរ </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> ទិន្នន័យចុះបញ្ជីទឹកដីរបស់បារាំងដែលមិនរាប់បញ្ចូលបឹង ស្រះ និងផ្ទាំងទឹកកកធំជាង ១ គម២ (២៤៧ ហិចតា) ក៏ដូចជាមាត់ទន្លេផងដែរ។ </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> ត្រូវបានប្រើប្រាស់នៅក្នុងសាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទាំងមូលលើកលែងតែទឹកដីក្រៅស្រុកនៅឯមហាសមុទ្រប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> ទឹកដីក្រៅស្រុករបស់បារាំងនៅឯមហាសមុទ្រប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ឯកសារយោង">ឯកសារយោង</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=65" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ឯកសារយោង">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295543"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r312616">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFទីភ្ញាក់ងារស៊ើបការណ៍កណ្តាល2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទីភ្ញាក់ងារស៊ើបការណ៍កណ្តាល (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទីភ្ញាក់ងារស៊ើបការណ៍កណ្តាល</a> (19 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/#people-and-society">"CIA World Factbook: France"</a>. Cia.gov. CIA. Retrieved 1 កុម្ភៈ 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cia.gov&rft.atitle=CIA+World+Factbook%3A+France&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft.au=%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Ffrance%2F%23people-and-society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#">"Surface water and surface water change"</a>. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 13 តុលា 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surface+water+and+surface+water+change&rft.pub=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development+%28OECD%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstats.oecd.org%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DSURFACE_WATER%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> (2011). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/comparateur.asp?codgeo=METRODOM-1">France Métropolitaine</a>".</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/serie/001641607">"Demography – Population at the beginning of the month – France"</a>. Insee. 2019. Retrieved 13 តុលា 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insee&rft.atitle=Demography+%E2%80%93+Population+at+the+beginning+of+the+month+%E2%80%93+France&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Fen%2Fstatistiques%2Fserie%2F001641607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEOFR-8">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOFR_8-0">៥,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOFR_8-1">៥,១</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOFR_8-2">៥,២</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=132,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2016&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"(អង់គ្លេស) World Economic Outlook Database, April 2021"</a>. imf.org. មូលនិធិរូបិយវត្ថុអន្តរជាតិ. Retrieved 13 តុលា 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imf.org&rft.atitle=%28%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%29+World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2021%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D132%2C%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2016%26ey%3D2026%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-9"><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_9-0">↑</a> Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>imf2</code></li> <li id="cite_note-eurogini-10"><a href="#cite_ref-eurogini_10-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en">"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey"</a>. ec.europa.eu. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurostat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurostat (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Eurostat</a>. Retrieved 14 តុលា 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Gini+coefficient+of+equivalised+disposable+income+%E2%80%93+EU-SILC+survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftessi190%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-11"><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_11-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf">"Human Development Report 2020"</a> (PDF) (in អង់គ្លេស). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 15 December 2020. Retrieved 14 តុលា 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2020&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140131115000/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html">"Field Listing :: Area"</a>. The World Factbook. CIA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html">the original</a> on 31 មករា 2014. Retrieved 2 កុម្ភៈ 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Field+Listing+%3A%3A+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2147.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Cite_web" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> specified (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>); More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> specified (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>) <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_domain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public domain (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> Hargreaves, Alan G., រៀ. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UX8aeX_Lbi4C&pg=PA1">Memory, Empire, and Postcolonialism: Legacies of French Colonialism</a>. Lexington Books. p. 1. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-0-7391-0821-5" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-0-7391-0821-5">978-0-7391-0821-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UX8aeX_Lbi4C&pg=PA1">https://books.google.com/books?id=UX8aeX_Lbi4C&pg=PA1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memory%2C+Empire%2C+and+Postcolonialism%3A+Legacies+of+French+Colonialism&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B1&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-0821-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUX8aeX_Lbi4C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> R.R. Palmer; Joel Colton (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernw00palm">A History of the Modern World</a> (5th រ.រ.). p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernw00palm/page/161">161</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernw00palm">https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernw00palm</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Modern+World&rft.aulast=R.R.+Palmer&rft.au=R.R.+Palmer&rft.au=Joel+Colton&rft.date=1978&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmodernw00palm%2Fpage%2F161+161%5D&rft.edition=5th&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmodernw00palm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190517-france-tourism-record-number-visitors-tourists-despite-yellow-vests-paris">"(អង់គ្លេស) France posts new tourist record despite Yellow Vest unrest"</a>. France 24. 17 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=%28%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%29+France+posts+new+tourist+record+despite+Yellow+Vest+unrest&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190517-france-tourism-record-number-visitors-tourists-despite-yellow-vests-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/fichiers/enseig/ecoineg/EcoIneg_fichiers/DaviesShorrocks2010(CSGlobalWealthReport).pdf">"Global Wealth Report"</a> (PDF). Credit Suisse. October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141109055804/http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/fichiers/enseig/ecoineg/EcoIneg_fichiers/DaviesShorrocks2010%28CSGlobalWealthReport%29.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 វិច្ឆិកា 2014. Retrieved 3 កុម្ភៈ 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Wealth+Report&rft.pub=Credit+Suisse&rft.date=2010-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpiketty.pse.ens.fr%2Ffichiers%2Fenseig%2Fecoineg%2FEcoIneg_fichiers%2FDaviesShorrocks2010%28CSGlobalWealthReport%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/">"(អង់គ្លេស) World Health Organization Assesses the World's Health Systems"</a>. អង្គការសុខភាពពិភពលោក. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 3 កុម្ភៈ 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%29+World+Health+Organization+Assesses+the+World%27s+Health+Systems&rft.pub=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80&rft.date=2010-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fwhr%2F2000%2Fmedia_centre%2Fpress_release%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf">"World Population Prospects – The 2006 Revision"</a> (PDF). អសប. Retrieved 3 កុម្ភៈ 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+%E2%80%93+The+2006+Revision&rft.pub=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fwpp2006%2FWPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> Jack S. Levy, War in the Modern Great Power System, 1495–1975, (2014) p. 29 </li> <li id="cite_note-superficy-22">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-superficy_22-0">១៧,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-superficy_22-1">១៧,១</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/france/index_en.htm">France</a> on Europa Official Site </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/DF_history.shtml">"History of France"</a>. Discoverfrance.net. Retrieved 17 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+France&rft.pub=Discoverfrance.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoverfrance.net%2FFrance%2FHistory%2FDF_history.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> Tarassuk, Leonid; Blair, Claude (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=UJbyPwAACAAJ">The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Weapons: the most comprehensive reference work ever published on arms and armor from prehistoric times to the present with over 1,250 illustrations</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_%26_Schuster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon & Schuster (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Simon & Schuster</a>. p. 186. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/0-671-42257-X" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/0-671-42257-X">0-671-42257-X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/?id=UJbyPwAACAAJ">http://books.google.com/?id=UJbyPwAACAAJ</a>។ បានយកមក 5 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Encyclopedia+of+Arms+and+Weapons%3A+the+most+comprehensive+reference+work+ever+published+on+arms+and+armor+from+prehistoric+times+to+the+present+with+over+1%2C250+illustrations&rft.aulast=Tarassuk&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rft.au=Tarassuk%2C%26%2332%3BLeonid&rft.au=Blair%2C%26%2332%3BClaude&rft.date=1982&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B186&rft.pub=%5B%5BSimon+%26+Schuster%5D%5D&rft.isbn=0-671-42257-X&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DUJbyPwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17-25">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17_25-0">២០,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17_25-1">២០,១</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17_25-2">២០,២</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17_25-3">២០,៣</a> Jean Carpentier (dir.), François Lebrun (dir.), Alain Tranoy, Élisabeth Carpentier et Jean-Marie Mayeur (préface de Jacques Le Goff), Histoire de France, Points Seuil, coll. « Histoire », Paris, 2000 (1re éd. 1987), p. 17 <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/2020108798" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-02-010879-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> Carpentier et al 2000, pp. 20–24 </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Cambridge_ancient_history-27"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Cambridge_ancient_history_27-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=n1TmVvMwmo4C&pg=RA1-PA754">The Cambridge ancient history</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2000. p. 754. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-0-521-08691-2" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-0-521-08691-2">978-0-521-08691-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=n1TmVvMwmo4C&pg=RA1-PA754">http://books.google.com/books?id=n1TmVvMwmo4C&pg=RA1-PA754</a>។ បានយកមក 23 January 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+ancient+history&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B754&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-08691-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn1TmVvMwmo4C%26pg%3DRA1-PA754&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Orrieux-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Orrieux_28-0">↑</a> Claude Orrieux (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=b8cA8hymTw8C&pg=PA62">A history of ancient Greece</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 62. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-0-631-20309-4" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-0-631-20309-4">978-0-631-20309-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=b8cA8hymTw8C&pg=PA62">http://books.google.com/books?id=b8cA8hymTw8C&pg=PA62</a>។ បានយកមក 23 January 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+ancient+Greece&rft.aulast=Claude+Orrieux&rft.au=Claude+Orrieux&rft.date=1999&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B62&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.isbn=978-0-631-20309-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db8cA8hymTw8C%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> Carpentier et al 2000, p. 29 </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=ZEIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76">Life magazine, 13 July 1953, p. 76</a>. Google Books. 13 July 1953. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/?id=ZEIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76">http://books.google.com/?id=ZEIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76</a>។ បានយកមក 23 January 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+magazine%2C+13%26nbsp%3BJuly+1953%2C+p.+76&rft.date=13+July+1953&rft.pub=Google+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DZEIEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> Carpentier et al 2000, p.44-45 </li> <li id="cite_note-c53-32">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-c53_32-0">២៧,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-c53_32-1">២៧,១</a> Carpentier et al 2000, pp. 53–55 </li> <li id="cite_note-c77-33"><a href="#cite_ref-c77_33-0">↑</a> Carpentier et al 2000, pp. 76–77 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> Carpentier et al 2000, pp. 79–82 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> Carpentier et al 2000, p. 81 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> Carpentier et al 2000, p. 84 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> Carpentier et al 2000, pp. 84–88 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722112834/http://www.wf-f.org/03-1-France.html">"Faith of the Eldest Daughter – Can France retain her Catholic heritage?"</a>. Wf-f.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wf-f.org/03-1-France.html">the original</a> on 22 កក្កដា 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faith+of+the+Eldest+Daughter+%E2%80%93+Can+France+retain+her+Catholic+heritage%3F&rft.pub=Wf-f.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wf-f.org%2F03-1-France.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-georgetown1-39"><a href="#cite_ref-georgetown1_39-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206213909/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france">"France"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkley_Center_for_Religion,_Peace,_and_World_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france">the original</a> on 6 កុម្ភៈ 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France&rft.pub=Berkley+Center+for+Religion%2C+Peace%2C+and+World+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberkleycenter.georgetown.edu%2Fresources%2Fcountries%2Ffrance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> See drop-down essay on "Religion and Politics until the French Revolution" </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/treaty-of-verdun.htm">"Treaty of Verdun"</a>. History.howstuffworks.com. 27 February 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+Verdun&rft.pub=History.howstuffworks.com&rft.date=2008-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.howstuffworks.com%2Feuropean-history%2Ftreaty-of-verdun.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1008&HistoryID=ab03&gtrack=pthc">"History of France : The Capetian kings of France: AD 987–1328"</a>. Historyworld.net. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+France+%3A+The+Capetian+kings+of+France%3A+AD+987%E2%80%931328&rft.pub=Historyworld.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyworld.net%2Fwrldhis%2FPlainTextHistories.asp%3Fgroupid%3D1008%26HistoryID%3Dab03%26gtrack%3Dpthc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897752-2,00.html">"Massacre of the Pure"</a>. Time (New York). 28 April 1961. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897752-2,00.html">http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897752-2,00.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Massacre+of+the+Pure&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.date=28+April+1961&rft.place=New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C897752-2%2C00.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-guerard-43">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-guerard_43-0">៣៨,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guerard_43-1">៣៨,១</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guerard_43-2">៣៨,២</a> Albert Guerard, France: A Modern History (<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Michigan_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Michigan Press (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">University of Michigan Press</a>: Ann Arbor, 1959) pp. 100, 101. </li> <li id="cite_note-Encarta-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Encarta_44-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090829034202/http://encarta.msn.com/text_761568934___117/France.html">"France VII"</a>. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. Webcitation.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/text_761568934___117/France.html">the original</a> on 29 សីហា 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Encarta+Online+Encyclopedia+2009&rft.atitle=France+VII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Ftext_761568934___117%2FFrance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> Don O'Reilly. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061109043743/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/military_history/3031536.html">Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans</a>". TheHistoryNet.com. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1987). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=VT9rIMQFt2MC&pg=PA32">The French peasantry, 1450–1660</a>". University of California Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/0520055233" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-520-05523-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> Peter Turchin (2003). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=mUoCrTUo-eEC&pg=PA179">Historical dynamics: why states rise and fall</a>[<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%85" title="វិគីភីឌា:តំណភ្ជាប់ខូច">តំណភ្ជាប់ខូច</a>]". Princeton University Press. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/0691116695" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-691-11669-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/516821/Massacre-of-Saint-Bartholomews-Day">"Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day"</a>. Britannica.com. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massacre+of+Saint+Bartholomew%E2%80%99s+Day&rft.pub=Britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F516821%2FMassacre-of-Saint-Bartholomews-Day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Language_and_Diplomacy-49">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Language_and_Diplomacy_49-0">៤៤,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Language_and_Diplomacy_49-1">៤៤,១</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721070018/http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/2004/language-and-diplomacy/">"Language and Diplomacy"</a>. Nakedtranslations.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/2004/language-and-diplomacy/">the original</a> on 21 កក្កដា 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Language+and+Diplomacy&rft.pub=Nakedtranslations.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nakedtranslations.com%2Fen%2F2004%2Flanguage-and-diplomacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/louis_xv.shtml">"BBC History : Louis XV (1710–1774)"</a>. BBC. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+History+%3A+Louis+XV+%281710%E2%80%931774%29&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Flouis_xv.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webspace.qmul.ac.uk/cdhjones/documents/gn_pdf.pdf">"Scholarly bibliography by Colin Jones (2002)"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scholarly+bibliography+by+Colin+Jones+%282002%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebspace.qmul.ac.uk%2Fcdhjones%2Fdocuments%2Fgn_pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> Censer, Jack R. and Hunt, Lynn. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> Doyle, William. The Oxford History of The French Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. pp 191–192. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> Dr Linton, Marisa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter1/interviews/filetodownload,20545,en.pdf">"The Terror in the French Revolution"</a>. Kingston University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter1/interviews/filetodownload,20545,en.pdf">http://www.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter1/interviews/filetodownload,20545,en.pdf</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Terror+in+the+French+Revolution&rft.jtitle=Kingston+University&rft.aulast=Dr+Linton&rft.aufirst=Marisa&rft.au=Dr+Linton%2C%26%2332%3BMarisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.port.ac.uk%2Fspecial%2Ffrance1815to2003%2Fchapter1%2Finterviews%2Ffiletodownload%2C20545%2Cen.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-hussenet-55"><a href="#cite_ref-hussenet_55-0">↑</a> Jacques Hussenet (dir.), « Détruisez la Vendée ! » Regards croisés sur les victimes et destructions de la guerre de Vendée, La Roche-sur-Yon, Centre vendéen de recherches historiques, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-Blanning-56">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Blanning_56-0">៥១,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blanning_56-1">៥១,១</a> Blanning, Tim (April 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5001329960">"Napoleon and German identity"</a>. History Today (London) 48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5001329960">http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5001329960</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Napoleon+and+German+identity&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.aulast=Blanning&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Blanning%2C%26%2332%3BTim&rft.date=April+1998&rft.volume=48&rft.place=London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FgoogleScholar.qst%3FdocId%3D5001329960&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7199127.stm">"France's oldest WWI veteran dies"</a>. BBC News (London). 20 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7199127.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7199127.stm</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France%27s+oldest+WWI+veteran+dies&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.date=20+January+2008&rft.place=London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7199127.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cz/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&pg=PR25">Encyclopedia Of World War I: A Political, Social, And Military History</a>". ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/1851094202" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1851094202</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Q7ORlIpHKLEC&pg=PA368">Vichy France and the Jews</a>". Michael Robert Marrus, Robert O. Paxton (1995). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford University Press (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 368. <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/0804724997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8047-2499-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> Kimmelman, Michael (4 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/arts/design/05abroad.html?_r=1">"In France, a War of Memories Over Memories of War"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/arts/design/05abroad.html?_r=1">http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/arts/design/05abroad.html?_r=1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+France%2C+a+War+of+Memories+Over+Memories+of+War&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Kimmelman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Kimmelman%2C%26%2332%3BMichael&rft.date=4+March+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F03%2F05%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F05abroad.html%3F_r%3D1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seacoast.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/contem/fifth.htm">From Fourth to Fifth Republic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080523234726/http://seacoast.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/contem/fifth.htm">Archived</a> 2008-05-23 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Sunderland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Sunderland (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">University of Sunderland</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051025215249/http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/anglais/speeches_and_documents/2004/declaration_by_the_franco-german_defence_and_security_council.1096.html">"Declaration by the Franco-German Defense and Security Council"</a>. Elysee.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/anglais/speeches_and_documents/2004/declaration_by_the_franco-german_defence_and_security_council.1096.html">the original</a> on 25 October 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Declaration+by+the+Franco-German+Defense+and+Security+Council&rft.pub=Elysee.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elysee.fr%2Felysee%2Fanglais%2Fspeeches_and_documents%2F2004%2Fdeclaration_by_the_franco-german_defence_and_security_council.1096.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-France-63">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-0">៥៨,០០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-1">៥៨,០១</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-2">៥៨,០២</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-3">៥៨,០៣</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-4">៥៨,០៤</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-5">៥៨,០៥</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-6">៥៨,០៦</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-7">៥៨,០៧</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-8">៥៨,០៨</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-9">៥៨,០៩</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France_63-10">៥៨,១០</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211127/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html">"The World Factbook: France"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html">the original</a> on 24 ធ្នូ 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook%3A+France&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Ffr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/environment/mont-blanc-shrinks-by-45cm-in-two-years-20091106-i0kk.html">"Mont Blanc shrinks by 45 cm (17.72 in) in two years"</a>. Sydney Morning Herald. 6 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.smh.com.au/environment/mont-blanc-shrinks-by-45cm-in-two-years-20091106-i0kk.html">http://www.smh.com.au/environment/mont-blanc-shrinks-by-45cm-in-two-years-20091106-i0kk.html</a>។ បានយកមក 9 August 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mont+Blanc+shrinks+by+45%26nbsp%3Bcm+%2817.72%26nbsp%3Bin%29+in+two+years&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.date=6+November+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fenvironment%2Fmont-blanc-shrinks-by-45cm-in-two-years-20091106-i0kk.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.developpementdurable.com/economie/2010/07/A2769/mediterranee-la-france-prend-le-controle-en-creant-une-zone-economique-exclusive.html">Méditerranée : la France prend le contrôle en créant une zone économique exclusive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430124908/http://www.developpementdurable.com/economie/2010/07/A2769/mediterranee-la-france-prend-le-controle-en-creant-une-zone-economique-exclusive.html">Archived</a> 2011-04-30 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> According to a different calculation cited by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pew_Research_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pew Research Center (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Pew Research Center</a>, the EEZ of France would be 10,084,201 km2 (3,893,532 sq mi), still behind the US (12,174,629 km2 or 4,700,651 sq mi), and still ahead of Australia (8,980,568 km2 or 3,467,417 sq mi) and Russia (7,566,673 km2 or 2,921,509 sq mi). </li> <li id="cite_note-climate-67"><a href="#cite_ref-climate_67-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Foreign_Affairs2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070106121611/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/discovering-france_2005/france-from-to-z_1978/country_2004/geography_4405/geography_1507.html">"Discovering France: Geography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/discovering-france_2005/france-from-to-z_1978/country_2004/geography_4405/geography_1507.html">the original</a> on 6 មករា 2007. Retrieved 29 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovering+France%3A+Geography&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fen%2Ffrance_159%2Fdiscovering-france_2005%2Ffrance-from-to-z_1978%2Fcountry_2004%2Fgeography_4405%2Fgeography_1507.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambafrance-ca.org/kid/pages_en/eco6.htm">Protection of the Environment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425005903/http://www.ambafrance-ca.org/kid/pages_en/eco6.htm">Archived</a> 2011-04-25 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambafrance-ca.org/spip.php?rubrique2">Official Site of the French Ambassy in Canada</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130201052846/http://www.ambafrance-ca.org/spip.php?rubrique2">Archived</a> 2013-02-01 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719055222/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf40.html">"Nuclear Power in France"</a>. World-nuclear.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf40.html">the original</a> on 19 កក្កដា 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Power+in+France&rft.pub=World-nuclear.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear.org%2Finfo%2Finf40.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_France">"Energy profile of France"</a>. Eoearth.org. Retrieved 17 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Energy+profile+of+France&rft.pub=Eoearth.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoearth.org%2Farticle%2FEnergy_profile_of_France&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/co2-la-france-moins-pollueuse-grace-au-nucleaire.N133933">CO2 : la France mois pollueuse grâce au nucléaire</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambafrance-cn.org/L-energie-nucleaire-en-France.html">L'énergie nucléaire en France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701211529/http://www.ambafrance-cn.org/L-energie-nucleaire-en-France.html">Archived</a> 2010-07-01 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – Ambassade française en Chine </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> Ian Traynor and David Gow in Brussels (21 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/feb/21/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment">"EU promises 20% reduction in carbon emissions by 2020"</a>. The Guardian (London). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/feb/21/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment">http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/feb/21/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EU+promises+20%25+reduction+in+carbon+emissions+by+2020&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.aulast=Ian+Traynor+and+David+Gow+in+Brussels&rft.au=Ian+Traynor+and+David+Gow+in+Brussels&rft.date=21+February+2007&rft.place=London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fenvironment%2F2007%2Ffeb%2F21%2Fclimatechange.climatechangeenvironment&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Les_quatre_enjeux_de_Copenhague-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Les_quatre_enjeux_de_Copenhague_74-0">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/S-informer/Sciences/Les-quatre-enjeux-de-Copenhague-_NG_-2009-12-06-569870">Les quatres enjeux de Copenhague</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Croix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Croix (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">La Croix</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> Kanter, James (1 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/01/emissions-soar-in-china-and-india/">"Per-Capita Emissions Rising in China"</a>. Beijing (China);China;Copenhagen (Denmark);France;India;Russia;United States: Green.blogs.nytimes.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/01/emissions-soar-in-china-and-india/">http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/01/emissions-soar-in-china-and-india/</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Per-Capita+Emissions+Rising+in+China&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Kanter&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Kanter%2C%26%2332%3BJames&rft.date=1+July+2010&rft.place=Beijing+%28China%29%3BChina%3BCopenhagen+%28Denmark%29%3BFrance%3BIndia%3BRussia%3BUnited+States&rft.pub=Green.blogs.nytimes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreen.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F07%2F01%2Femissions-soar-in-china-and-india%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> By Reuters (10 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/11/business/global/11carbon.html">"France Sets Carbon Tax at 17 Euros a Ton"</a>. The New York Times (France). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/11/business/global/11carbon.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/11/business/global/11carbon.html</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+Sets+Carbon+Tax+at+17+Euros+a+Ton&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=By+Reuters&rft.au=By+Reuters&rft.date=10+September+2009&rft.place=France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F09%2F11%2Fbusiness%2Fglobal%2F11carbon.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8248392.stm">"France set to impose carbon tax"</a>. BBC News. 10 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8248392.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8248392.stm</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=France+set+to+impose+carbon+tax&rft.atitle=&rft.date=10+September+2009&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F8248392.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> Saltmarsh, Matthew (23 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/24/business/global/24iht-carbon.html">"France Abandons Plan for Carbon Tax"</a>. The New York Times (France). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/24/business/global/24iht-carbon.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/24/business/global/24iht-carbon.html</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+Abandons+Plan+for+Carbon+Tax&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Saltmarsh&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Saltmarsh%2C%26%2332%3BMatthew&rft.date=23+March+2010&rft.place=France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F03%2F24%2Fbusiness%2Fglobal%2F24iht-carbon.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120922010211/http://epi.yale.edu/dataexplorer/countryprofiles">"Country Profiles -starts at Switzerland, click for France"</a>. Epi.yale.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epi.yale.edu/dataexplorer/countryprofiles">the original</a> on 22 កញ្ញា 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profiles+-starts+at+Switzerland%2C+click+for+France&rft.pub=Epi.yale.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepi.yale.edu%2Fdataexplorer%2Fcountryprofiles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=1125478&clef=ARC-TRK-NC_01">La France au 7ème rang mondial pour l'environnement</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Monde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Monde (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Monde</a>. 30 May 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723122206/http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/env_for_are_of_lan_are-environment-forest-area-of-land%26date%3D2005%26b_map%3D1">"Forest area by country"</a>. Nationmaster.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/env_for_are_of_lan_are-environment-forest-area-of-land%26date%3D2005%26b_map%3D1">the original</a> on 23 កក្កដា 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forest+area+by+country&rft.pub=Nationmaster.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationmaster.com%2Fred%2Fgraph%2Fenv_for_are_of_lan_are-environment-forest-area-of-land%2526date%253D2005%2526b_map%253D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifn.fr/spip/?rubrique83&lang=en">Evolution of the French forest from 1984 to 1996</a> – French National Forest Inventory </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepapier.fr/foret_france.htm">Une situation privilégiée en France et en Europe</a> – Papier, bois et forêt </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parks.it/world/FR/Eindex.html">Parks, Reserves, and Other Protected Areas in France</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parks.it/indice/Epremessa.html">The portal about parks in Italy</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parcs-naturels-regionaux.tm.fr/fr/accueil/">Fédération des parcs naturels régionaux de France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100712003310/http://www.parcs-naturels-regionaux.tm.fr/fr/accueil/">Archived</a> 2010-07-12 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actu-environnement.com/ae/news/mer_grenelle_zee_meditarrane_borloo_aire_marine_8120.php4">La France veut créer une Zone Économique Exclusive en Méditérannée</a> – Actu-Environnement </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yazid_Sabeg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yazid Sabeg (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Yazid Sabeg</a> et Laurence Méhaignerie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conventioncitoyenne.com/documents/oubliesdelegalite.pdf">Les oubliés de l'égalité des chances</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Montaigne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Montaigne (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Institut Montaigne</a>, January 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/13377324">"France's ethnic minorities: To count or not to count"</a>. The Economist. 26 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.economist.com/node/13377324">http://www.economist.com/node/13377324</a>។ បានយកមក 25 April 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=France%27s+ethnic+minorities%3A+To+count+or+not+to+count&rft.atitle=&rft.date=26+March+2009&rft.pub=The+Economist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F13377324&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-evol-89">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-evol_89-0">៨៤,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evol_89-1">៨៤,១</a> (បារាំង) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1">INSEE, Government of France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=bilan-demo&page=donnees-detaillees/bilan-demo/pop_age3.htm#evol-gen-sit-demo-fe">"Évolution générale de la situation démographique, France"</a>. Retrieved 20 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%89volution+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+la+situation+d%C3%A9mographique%2C+France&rft.aulast=INSEE&rft.aufirst=Government+of+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Fdetail.asp%3Freg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3Dbilan-demo%26page%3Ddonnees-detaillees%2Fbilan-demo%2Fpop_age3.htm%23evol-gen-sit-demo-fe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-population-90"><a href="#cite_ref-population_90-0">↑</a> (បារាំង) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=INSEE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INSEE (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">INSEE</a>, Government of France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=ip1332">"Bilan démographique 2010"</a>. Retrieved 20 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bilan+d%C3%A9mographique+2010&rft.aulast=INSEE&rft.aufirst=Government+of+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Fdocument.asp%3Fref_id%3Dip1332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Cite_web" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Check <code class="cs1-code">|first=</code> value (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a> (បារាំង) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1">INSEE, Government of France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/sd2008/dd/excel/sd2008_t44_fe.xls">"Tableau 44 – Taux de fécondité générale par âge de la mère"</a>. Retrieved 20 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tableau+44+%E2%80%93+Taux+de+f%C3%A9condit%C3%A9+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+par+%C3%A2ge+de+la+m%C3%A8re&rft.aulast=INSEE&rft.aufirst=Government+of+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fppp%2Fbases-de-donnees%2Firweb%2Fsd2008%2Fdd%2Fexcel%2Fsd2008_t44_fe.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=ir-sd20101">"Naissances selon le pays de naissance des parents 2010"</a>. Insee.fr. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naissances+selon+le+pays+de+naissance+des+parents+2010&rft.pub=Insee.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Fdetail.asp%3Fref_id%3Dir-sd20101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=ip1287">Être né en France d’un parent immigré</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insee_Premi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insee Première (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Insee Première</a>, n°1287, mars 2010, Catherine Borrel et Bertrand Lhommeau, Insee </li> <li id="cite_note-Insee_1-94"><a href="#cite_ref-Insee_1_94-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=immigrespaysnais">Répartition des immigrés par pays de naissance 2008</a>, Insee, October 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-INSEE1-95"><a href="#cite_ref-INSEE1_95-0">↑</a> (បារាំង) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE2005" class="citation web cs1">INSEE (25 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212212050/http%3A//www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1098/ip1098.html#encadre1">"Enquêtes annuelles de recensement 2004 et 2005"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1098/ip1098.html#encadre1">the original</a> on 12 December 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enqu%C3%AAtes+annuelles+de+recensement+2004+et+2005&rft.date=2005-01-25&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fffc%2Fipweb%2Fip1098%2Fip1098.html%23encadre1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Cite_web" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a> Swalec, Andrea (6 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.reuters.com/article/2010/07/06/idINIndia-49921620100706">"Turks and Moroccans top list of new EU citizens"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://in.reuters.com/article/2010/07/06/idINIndia-49921620100706">http://in.reuters.com/article/2010/07/06/idINIndia-49921620100706</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Turks+and+Moroccans+top+list+of+new+EU+citizens&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Swalec&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.au=Swalec%2C%26%2332%3BAndrea&rft.date=6+July+2010&rft.series=Reuters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2010%2F07%2F06%2FidINIndia-49921620100706&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teo_english.site.ined.fr/">"TRAJECTORIES AND ORIGINS" Survey on population diversity in France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111202054910/http://teo_english.site.ined.fr/">Archived</a> 2011-12-02 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., Insee 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-Oppenheimer-98"><a href="#cite_ref-Oppenheimer_98-0">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">Oppenheimer, David B. (2008). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1236362">Why France needs to collect data on racial identity...in a French way</a>". Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 31 (2): 735–752.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-amazon.com-99">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-amazon.com_99-0">៩៤,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-amazon.com_99-1">៩៤,១</a> Roben Cohen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/The-Cambridge-Survey-World-Migration/dp/0521444055">The Cambridge survey of world Migration</a> 24 November 1995 </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/frances-crisis-of-national-identity-1826942.html">"France's crisis of national identity"</a>. The Independent (London). 25 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/frances-crisis-of-national-identity-1826942.html">http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/frances-crisis-of-national-identity-1826942.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France%27s+crisis+of+national+identity&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.date=25+November+2009&rft.place=London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrances-crisis-of-national-identity-1826942.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> "Les personnes d'origine maghrébine y sont également au nombre de 5 à 6 millions; 3,5 millions ont la nationalité française (dont 500 000 harkis)", Évelyne Perrin, Identité Nationale, Amer Ministère, L'Harmattan, 2010, p. 112 <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/2296108393" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-296-10839-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFFalila_Gbadamassi" class="citation web cs1">Falila Gbadamassi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrik.com/article16248.html">"Les personnes originaires d'Afrique, des Dom-Tom et de la Turquie sont 5,5 millions dans l'Hexagone"</a>. Afrik.com. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+personnes+originaires+d%27Afrique%2C+des+Dom-Tom+et+de+la+Turquie+sont+5%2C5+millions+dans+l%27Hexagone&rft.pub=Afrik.com&rft.au=Falila+Gbadamassi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrik.com%2Farticle16248.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> Richburg, Keith B. (24 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12396-2005Apr23.html">"Europe's Minority Politicians in Short Supply"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12396-2005Apr23.html">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12396-2005Apr23.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Europe%27s+Minority+Politicians+in+Short+Supply&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.aulast=Richburg&rft.aufirst=Keith+B.&rft.au=Richburg%2C%26%2332%3BKeith+B.&rft.date=24+April+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA12396-2005Apr23.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> Sachs, Susan (12 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0112/p01s04-woeu.html">"In officially colorblind France, blacks have a dream – and now a lobby"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor (Boston, MA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0112/p01s04-woeu.html">http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0112/p01s04-woeu.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+officially+colorblind+France%2C+blacks+have+a+dream+%E2%80%93+and+now+a+lobby&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.aulast=Sachs&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Sachs%2C%26%2332%3BSusan&rft.date=12+January+2007&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2007%2F0112%2Fp01s04-woeu.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=1280843">"Paris Riots in Perspective"</a>. ABC News (New York). 4 November 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=1280843">http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=1280843</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Paris+Riots+in+Perspective&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.date=4+November+2005&rft.place=New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fstory%3Fid%3D1280843&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=uUsLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA22">Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. III. French Government and the Refugees</a>". American Philosophical Society, James E. Hassell (1991). p. 22. <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/087169817X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87169-817-X</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a> Markham, James M. (6 April 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEFDE1539F935A35757C0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">"For Pieds-Noirs, the Anger Endures"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEFDE1539F935A35757C0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEFDE1539F935A35757C0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=For+Pieds-Noirs%2C+the+Anger+Endures&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft.au=Markham%2C%26%2332%3BJames+M.&rft.date=6+April+1988&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D940DEFDE1539F935A35757C0A96E948260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a> Raimondo Cagiano De Azevedo (1994). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=N8VHizsqaH0C&pg=PA25">Migration and development co-operation.</a>". p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ined.fr/fr/pop_chiffres/france/flux_immigration/depuis_1994/">Statistiques détaillées sur les flux d'immigration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120523053018/http://www.ined.fr/fr/pop_chiffres/france/flux_immigration/depuis_1994/">Archived</a> 2012-05-23 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., Ined, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHCR-110"><a href="#cite_ref-UNHCR_110-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4492677f0.pdf">"UNHCR Global Report 2005: Western Europe"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=UNHCR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNHCR (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">UNHCR</a>. 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNHCR+Global+Report+2005%3A+Western+Europe&rft.pub=UNHCR&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fpubl%2FPUBL%2F4492677f0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604145028/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/constitution/constitution2.htm#titre2">La Constitution- La Constitution du 4 Octobre 1958</a> – Légifrance </li> <li id="cite_note-exception-112">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-exception_112-0">១០៧,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-exception_112-1">១០៧,១</a> Joffre Agnes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franceinlondon.com/en-Article-335-Is-the-French-obsession-with-cultural-exception-declining-Culture--london-language.html">ls the French obsession with "cultural exception" declining?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017023619/http://www.franceinlondon.com/en-Article-335-Is-the-French-obsession-with-cultural-exception-declining-Culture--london-language.html">Archived</a> 2011-10-17 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>.. France in London. 5 October 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719183516/http://www.diplomacy.edu/language/Translation/default.htm">"Language and Diplomacy – Translation and Interpretation"</a>. Diplomacy.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomacy.edu/language/Translation/default.htm">the original</a> on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Language+and+Diplomacy+%E2%80%93+Translation+and+Interpretation&rft.pub=Diplomacy.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomacy.edu%2Flanguage%2FTranslation%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legallanguage.com/legal-articles/language-of-diplomacy/">"Why Is French Considered the Language of Diplomacy?"</a>. Legallanguage.com. Retrieved 23 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Is+French+Considered+the+Language+of+Diplomacy%3F&rft.pub=Legallanguage.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legallanguage.com%2Flegal-articles%2Flanguage-of-diplomacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080405022802/http://www.languefrancaise.net/dossiers/dossiers.php?id_dossier=66">"Rapport Grégoire an II"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languefrancaise.net/dossiers/dossiers.php?id_dossier=66">the original</a> on 2008-04-05. Retrieved 2017-07-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rapport+Gr%C3%A9goire+an+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.languefrancaise.net%2Fdossiers%2Fdossiers.php%3Fid_dossier%3D66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110227075911/http://www.intstudy.com/articles/practicalfrench.htm">"The International Education Site"</a>. Intstudy.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intstudy.com/articles/practicalfrench.htm">the original</a> on 27 កុម្ភៈ 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+International+Education+Site&rft.pub=Intstudy.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intstudy.com%2Farticles%2Fpracticalfrench.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://about-france.com/french/french-language.htm">"French: one of the world's main languages"</a>. About-france.com. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French%3A+one+of+the+world%27s+main+languages&rft.pub=About-france.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabout-france.com%2Ffrench%2Ffrench-language.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/francophonie/francophonie.htm">Qu'est-ce que la Francophonie ?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623113030/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/francophonie/francophonie.htm">Archived</a> 2011-06-23 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> The last sacre was that of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_X_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles X of France (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Charles X</a>, 29 May 1825. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131126171213/http://www.patrimoine-religieux.fr/rubriques/gauche/actualites/actualites-de-la-base-de-donnees">"Observatoire du patrimoine religieux"</a>. 1 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrimoine-religieux.fr/rubriques/gauche/actualites/actualites-de-la-base-de-donnees">the original</a> on 26 វិច្ឆិកា 2013. Retrieved 11 កក្កដា 2017. <q>94 % des édifices sont catholiques (dont 50 % églises paroissiales, 25 % chapelles, 25 % édifices appartenant au clergé régulier)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Observatoire+du+patrimoine+religieux&rft.date=2012-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrimoine-religieux.fr%2Frubriques%2Fgauche%2Factualites%2Factualites-de-la-base-de-donnees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-catho-121">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-catho_121-0">១១៦,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-catho_121-1">១១៦,១</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/S-informer/Actualite/La-France-reste-catholique-mais-moins-pratiquante-_NG_-2009-12-29-570979">La France reste catholique mais moins pratiquante</a> – La Croix. 29 December 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Marquand2012" class="citation web cs1">Robert Marquand (12 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/2012/0712/In-a-France-suspicious-of-religion-evangelicalism-s-message-strikes-a-chord">"In a France suspicious of religion, evangelicalism's message strikes a chord"</a>. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+a+France+suspicious+of+religion%2C+evangelicalism%27s+message+strikes+a+chord&rft.pub=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft.au=Robert+Marquand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2F2012%2F0712%2FIn-a-France-suspicious-of-religion-evangelicalism-s-message-strikes-a-chord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-georgetown2-123"><a href="#cite_ref-georgetown2_123-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206213909/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france">"France"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkley_Center_for_Religion,_Peace,_and_World_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france">the original</a> on 6 កុម្ភៈ 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France&rft.pub=Berkley+Center+for+Religion%2C+Peace%2C+and+World+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberkleycenter.georgetown.edu%2Fresources%2Fcountries%2Ffrance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFCatholic_World_News2003" class="citation web cs1">Catholic World News (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=48547">"France is no longer Catholic, survey shows"</a>. Retrieved 19 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+is+no+longer+Catholic%2C+survey+shows&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Catholic+World+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Findex.cfm%3Frecnum%3D48547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-religion-125"><a href="#cite_ref-religion_125-0">↑</a> (ប៊ុលហ្គារី) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.cotidianul.ro/franta_nu_mai_e_o_tara_catolica-20395.html">Franţa nu mai e o ţară catolică</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812025725/http://old.cotidianul.ro/franta_nu_mai_e_o_tara_catolica-20395.html">Archived</a> 2011-08-12 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cotidianul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cotidianul (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Cotidianul</a> 11 January 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> La Vie, issue 3209, 1 March 2007 (បារាំង) </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la-croix.com.prd-jsp.bayardweb.com/documents/doc.jsp?docId=2389007&rubId=786">"" Sur la religion, les Français restent dubitatifs " – A la Une"</a>. La Croix. France. 14 August 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft.atitle=%22+Sur+la+religion%2C+les+Fran%C3%A7ais+restent+dubitatifs+%22+%E2%80%93+A+la+Une&rft.date=2009-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com.prd-jsp.bayardweb.com%2Fdocuments%2Fdoc.jsp%3FdocId%3D2389007%26rubId%3D786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/apr/23/france.islam">France to train imams in 'French Islam'</a>, The Guardian </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51552.htm">"France – International Religious Freedom Report 2005"</a>. State.gov. Retrieved 30 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+%E2%80%93+International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2005&rft.pub=State.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2005%2F51552.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723124338/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Issues/Government/restrictions-fullreport.pdf">"Global Restrictions on Religion. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Washington. 2009"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Issues/Government/restrictions-fullreport.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 កក្កដា 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Restrictions+on+Religion.+Pew+Forum+on+Religion+%26+Public+Life.+Washington.+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewforum.org%2FuploadedFiles%2FTopics%2FIssues%2FGovernment%2Frestrictions-fullreport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">↑</a> Joy of Sects, Sam Jordison, 2006, p. 166 </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/rap-enq/r2468.asp">"Commission d'enquête sur les sectes"</a>. Assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 30 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commission+d%E2%80%99enqu%C3%AAte+sur+les+sectes&rft.pub=Assemblee-nationale.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2Frap-enq%2Fr2468.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090916220047/http://www.understandfrance.org/France/Society2.html">"Society2 ; religion in France ; beliefs ; secularism (laicité)"</a>. Understandfrance.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.understandfrance.org/France/Society2.html">the original</a> on 16 កញ្ញា 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Society2+%3B+religion+in+France+%3B+beliefs+%3B+secularism+%28laicit%C3%A9%29&rft.pub=Understandfrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.understandfrance.org%2FFrance%2FSociety2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070117112822/http://www.paris-region.com/ard_uk/upload/document/D176.pdf">How to conduct European clinical trials from the Paris Region ?</a> Clinical Trials. Paris. February 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html">The ranking, see spreadsheet details for a whole analysis</a> photius.com </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper30.pdf">"Measuring Overall Health System Performance for 191 Countries"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Measuring+Overall+Health+System+Performance+for+191+Countries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fhealthinfo%2Fpaper30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=98&ref_id=CMPTEF02216">Espérance de vie, taux de mortalité et taux de mortalité infantile dans le monde</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATnon02229">Evolution de l'espérance de vie à divers âges</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=INSEE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INSEE (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">INSEE</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/medecins.htm">Nombre de médecins pour 1000 habitants</a> – Statistiques mondiales </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/sante.htm">Dépenses de santé par habitants</a> – Statistiques mondiales </li> <li id="cite_note-obesity-140">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-obesity_140-0">១៣៥,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obesity_140-1">១៣៥,១</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/03/world/europe/03iht-obese.html">Even the French are fighting obesity</a> – The NY Times </li> <li id="cite_note-daily-141">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-daily_141-0">១៣៦,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-daily_141-1">១៣៦,១</a> <a href="#cite_ref-daily_141-2">១៣៦,២</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFWahlgren2009" class="citation web cs1">Wahlgren, Eric (14 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyfinance.com/2009/11/14/frances-obesity-crisis-all-those-croissants-really-do-add-up/">"France's obesity crisis: All those croissants really do add up, after all"</a>. Dailyfinance.com. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France%27s+obesity+crisis%3A+All+those+croissants+really+do+add+up%2C+after+all&rft.pub=Dailyfinance.com&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft.aulast=Wahlgren&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyfinance.com%2F2009%2F11%2F14%2Ffrances-obesity-crisis-all-those-croissants-really-do-add-up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph-142"><a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_142-0">↑</a> Lambert, Victoria (8 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/dietandfitness/3353715/The-French-children-learning-to-fight-obesity.html">"The French children learning to fight obesity"</a>. The Daily Telegraph (London). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/dietandfitness/3353715/The-French-children-learning-to-fight-obesity.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/dietandfitness/3353715/The-French-children-learning-to-fight-obesity.html</a>។ បានយកមក 9 August 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+French+children+learning+to+fight+obesity&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.au=Lambert%2C%26%2332%3BVictoria&rft.date=8+March+2008&rft.place=London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhealth%2Fdietandfitness%2F3353715%2FThe-French-children-learning-to-fight-obesity.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-bloomberg-143">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-bloomberg_143-0">១៣៨,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bloomberg_143-1">១៣៨,១</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jul2001/nf2001073_981.htm">Why So Few French Are Fat</a> – Bloomberg Businessweek </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">↑</a> Mimi Spencer (7 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2004/nov/07/foodanddrink.features11">"Let them eat cake"</a>. The Guardian (London). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2004/nov/07/foodanddrink.features11">http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2004/nov/07/foodanddrink.features11</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Let+them+eat+cake&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.aulast=Mimi+Spencer&rft.au=Mimi+Spencer&rft.date=7+November+2004&rft.place=London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Flifeandstyle%2F2004%2Fnov%2F07%2Ffoodanddrink.features11&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/24041/e_diet/the_french_diet___eat_drink_and_be_thin.html">"The French diet : Eat, Drink, and be Thin"</a>. Streetdirectory.com. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+French+diet+%3A+Eat%2C+Drink%2C+and+be+Thin&rft.pub=Streetdirectory.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.streetdirectory.com%2Ftravel_guide%2F24041%2Fe_diet%2Fthe_french_diet___eat_drink_and_be_thin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-obesity2-146">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-obesity2_146-0">១៤១,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obesity2_146-1">១៤១,១</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodnavigator.com/Science-Nutrition/France-heading-for-US-obesity-levels-says-study">France heading for US obesity levels says study</a> – Food Navigator </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nutraingredients.com/Regulation/New-French-food-guidelines-aimed-at-tackling-obesity">"New French food guidelines aimes at tabkling obesity"</a>. Nutraingredients.com. 14 September 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+French+food+guidelines+aimes+at+tabkling+obesity&rft.pub=Nutraingredients.com&rft.date=2006-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nutraingredients.com%2FRegulation%2FNew-French-food-guidelines-aimed-at-tackling-obesity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFPetah_Marian2008" class="citation web cs1">Petah Marian (23 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101226205551/http://www.just-food.com/analysis/france-urged-to-get-tough-on-child-obesity_id102509.aspx">"France urged to get tough on child obesity"</a>. Just-food.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.just-food.com/analysis/france-urged-to-get-tough-on-child-obesity_id102509.aspx">the original</a> on 26 ធ្នូ 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+urged+to+get+tough+on+child+obesity&rft.pub=Just-food.com&rft.date=2008-05-23&rft.au=Petah+Marian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.just-food.com%2Fanalysis%2Ffrance-urged-to-get-tough-on-child-obesity_id102509.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/352505/lycee">"Lycée"</a>. Britannica.com. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lyc%C3%A9e&rft.pub=Britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F352505%2Flycee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605080546/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/site-jeunes/laicite/fiche-dates/fiche-1881-1882/fiche.pdf">1881–1882 : Lois Ferry École publique gratuite, laïque et obligatoire</a>. Assemblé Nationale </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senat.fr/rap/l97-504/l97-5041.html">II. L'évolution du contenu de l'obligation scolaire</a>. Sénat.fr </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf">"Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Range+of+rank+on+the+PISA+2006+science+scale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdataoecd%2F42%2F8%2F39700724.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gécoles-153"><a href="#cite_ref-gécoles_153-0">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/formation/2010/01/08/01015-20100108ARTFIG00525-les-grandes-ecoles-dans-la-tourmente-.php">Les grandes écoles dans la tourmente</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Figaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Figaro (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Le Figaro</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714142645/http://www.myfrenchproperty.com/departments/departments.php">"Departments of France"</a> (in (បារាំង)). Myfrenchproperty.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myfrenchproperty.com/departments/departments.php">the original</a> on 14 កក្កដា 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Departments+of+France&rft.pub=Myfrenchproperty.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfrenchproperty.com%2Fdepartments%2Fdepartments.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Cite_web" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:CS1 maint: unrecognized language (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetahititraveler.com/touristinfo/moneycurr.asp">"Currency and Exchange Rate"</a>. Thetahititraveler.com. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Currency+and+Exchange+Rate&rft.pub=Thetahititraveler.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetahititraveler.com%2Ftouristinfo%2Fmoneycurr.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513121037/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=7#fr">"CIA – The World Factbook"</a>. Cia.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=7#fr">the original</a> on 13 ឧសភា 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2085rank.html%3FcountryName%3DFrance%26countryCode%3Dfr%26regionCode%3Deu%26rank%3D7%23fr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321022455/http://www.democracyweb.org/limits/france.php">"Comparative studies in Freedom – France"</a>. Democracy Web. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracyweb.org/limits/france.php">the original</a> on 21 មីនា 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparative+studies+in+Freedom+%E2%80%93+France&rft.pub=Democracy+Web&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracyweb.org%2Flimits%2Ffrance.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html">France: Fifth Republic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120216232042/http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html">Archived</a> 2012-02-16 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flagspot.net/flags/index.html">Flags of the World</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/quinquennat/chronologie.shtml">Le quinquennat : le référendum du 24 Septembre 2000</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205055025/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/synthetic_files/file_4.asp">The National Assembly and the Senate – General Characteristics of the Parliament</a>. Official Site of the French National Assembly </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110704054719/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/election.asp#election">Election of deputies</a>. Official Site of the National Assembly </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615001205/http://www.senat.fr/lng/en/election_senateurs.html">The senatorial elections</a>. Official Site of the Senate </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politique.net/2007081801-le-role-du-senat.htm">Le role du Sénat</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">↑</a> (បារាំង) Grunberg, Gérard (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressesdesciencespo.fr/fr/livre/?GCOI=27246100617740">La France vers le bipartisme ? : La présidentialisation du PS et de l'UMP</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/2-7246-1010-5" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/2-7246-1010-5">2-7246-1010-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pressesdesciencespo.fr/fr/livre/?GCOI=27246100617740">http://www.pressesdesciencespo.fr/fr/livre/?GCOI=27246100617740</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+France+vers+le+bipartisme+%3F+%3A+La+pr%C3%A9sidentialisation+du+PS+et+de+l%27UMP&rft.aulast=Grunberg&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Grunberg%2C%26%2332%3BG%C3%A9rard&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=2-7246-1010-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressesdesciencespo.fr%2Ffr%2Flivre%2F%3FGCOI%3D27246100617740&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101205103557/http://www.ambafrance-dz.org/ambassade/IMG/Lutte_racisme_et_antisemitisme.pdf">La lutte contre le racisme et l'antisémintisme en France</a>. AmbaFrance </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Roth_Executive_Director2004" class="citation web cs1">Kenneth Roth Executive Director (26 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/26/france7666.htm">"Human Rights Watch"</a>. Hrw.org. Retrieved 31 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.pub=Hrw.org&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.au=Kenneth+Roth+Executive+Director&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Fenglish%2Fdocs%2F2004%2F02%2F26%2Ffrance7666.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/france-votes-ban-full-face-veils-2010-07-13">"France votes to ban full-face veils"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnesty_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amnesty International (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Amnesty International</a>. 13 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/france-votes-ban-full-face-veils-2010-07-13">http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/france-votes-ban-full-face-veils-2010-07-13</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=France+votes+to+ban+full-face+veils&rft.atitle=&rft.date=13+July+2010&rft.pub=%5B%5BAmnesty+International%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fnews-and-updates%2Ffrance-votes-ban-full-face-veils-2010-07-13&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Pew-168"><a href="#cite_ref-Pew_168-0">↑</a> Dumoulin, Frederic (14 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518083647/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gNCFdNZ4r-9aDEBG0G_OUSMKoASw">"French parliament adopts ban on full-face veil"</a>. Google News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518083647/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gNCFdNZ4r-9aDEBG0G_OUSMKoASw">https://web.archive.org/web/20130518083647/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gNCFdNZ4r-9aDEBG0G_OUSMKoASw</a>។ បានយកមក 14 September 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=French+parliament+adopts+ban+on+full-face+veil&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Dumoulin&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft.au=Dumoulin%2C%26%2332%3BFrederic&rft.date=14+September+2010&rft.pub=Google+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130518083647%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5gNCFdNZ4r-9aDEBG0G_OUSMKoASw&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20130518-france-gay-marriage-law-adoption">"François Hollande signs same-sex marriage into law"</a>. France 24. 18 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20130518-france-gay-marriage-law-adoption">http://www.france24.com/en/20130518-france-gay-marriage-law-adoption</a>។ បានយកមក 27 June 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Hollande+signs+same-sex+marriage+into+law&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.date=18+May+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20130518-france-gay-marriage-law-adoption&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/sc/members.asp">Membership of the Security Councils of the UN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231352/http://www.un.org/sc/members.asp">Archived</a> 2010-07-06 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/en/index.shtml">Official Site of the UN</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm">"Understanding the WTO – Members"</a>. Wto.org. Retrieved 30 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+WTO+%E2%80%93+Members&rft.pub=Wto.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wto.org%2Fenglish%2Fthewto_e%2Fwhatis_e%2Ftif_e%2Forg6_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spc.int/en/about-spc/history.html">History</a> on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spc.int/">Official Site of the SPC</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id=36">Pays membres</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402173028/http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id=36">Archived</a> 2012-04-02 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id=72">Site officiel de la COI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402173028/http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id=36">Archived</a> 2012-04-02 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acs-aec.org/index.php?q=about-the-acs">"About the Association of Caribbean States"</a>. Acs-aec.org. 24 July 1994. Retrieved 22 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Association+of+Caribbean+States&rft.pub=Acs-aec.org&rft.date=1994-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acs-aec.org%2Findex.php%3Fq%3Dabout-the-acs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francophonie.org/-Etats-et-gouvernements-.html">États et gouvernements : le monde de la Francophonie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091003114546/http://www.francophonie.org/-Etats-et-gouvernements-.html">Archived</a> 2009-10-03 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francophonie.org/">Site officiel de l'OIF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100724001316/http://www.francophonie.org/">Archived</a> 2010-07-24 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/document/8/0,3343,en_2649_201185_1956607_1_1_1_1,00.html">History of the Château de la Muette, OECD headquarters, Paris</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html">Official Site of the OECD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120216232042/http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html">Archived</a> 2012-02-16 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/who-we-are/history/paris-headquarters/">Paris Headquarters</a> on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.unesco.org/">Official Site of UNESCO</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFInterpol" class="citation web cs1">Interpol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interpol.int/">"Official Site of Interpol"</a>. Interpol.int. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Site+of+Interpol&rft.pub=Interpol.int&rft.au=Interpol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/alliance-base-existe-bien_460124.html">"Alliance Base" existe bien</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Express_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Express (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">L'Express</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/home/">"Home page of the IBWM"</a>. Bipm.org. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+page+of+the+IBWM&rft.pub=Bipm.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fen%2Fhome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/ministry_158/embassies-and-consulates_2052/bilateral-embassies_1580.html">Embassies and consulates</a> on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/">Official Site of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-faisceau-de-licteur/le-faisceau-de-licteur.5979.html">Le faisceau de licteur</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104072203/http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-faisceau-de-licteur/le-faisceau-de-licteur.5979.html">Archived</a> 2012-11-04 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – Présidence de la République </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oftt.eu/perspectives/article/l-alliance-franco-allemande-au-coeur-de-la-puissance-europeenne">L'alliance franco-allemande au coeur de la puissance européenne</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100123092331/http://www.oftt.eu/perspectives/article/l-alliance-franco-allemande-au-coeur-de-la-puissance-europeenne">Archived</a> 2010-01-23 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/27/newsid_4187000/4187714.stm">"De Gaulle says 'non' to Britain – again"</a>. BBC News. 27 November 1967. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/27/newsid_4187000/4187714.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/27/newsid_4187000/4187714.stm</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=De+Gaulle+says+%27non%27+to+Britain+%E2%80%93+again&rft.atitle=&rft.date=27+November+1967&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fnovember%2F27%2Fnewsid_4187000%2F4187714.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2009/03/11/01003-20090311ARTFIG00073-quand-mitterrand-deja-negociait-le-retour-dans-l-otan-.php">Quand Mitterrand, déjà, négociait le retour de la France dans l'OTAN</a> – Le Figaro </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/23/sprj.irq.china/index.html">"China adds voice to Iraq war doubts"</a>. CNN. 23 January 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/23/sprj.irq.china/index.html">http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/23/sprj.irq.china/index.html</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=China+adds+voice+to+Iraq+war+doubts&rft.atitle=&rft.date=23+January+2003&rft.pub=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2003%2FWORLD%2Fasiapcf%2Feast%2F01%2F23%2Fsprj.irq.china%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2683409.stm">"EU allies unite against Iraq war"</a>. BBC News. 22 January 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2683409.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2683409.stm</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=EU+allies+unite+against+Iraq+war&rft.atitle=&rft.date=22+January+2003&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F2683409.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100225005448/http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/newsiss3/tp/iraqwarrelations.htm">"Foreign Policy Implications of the Iraq War"</a>. Usforeignpolicy.about.com. 11 March 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/newsiss3/tp/iraqwarrelations.htm">the original</a> on 25 កុម្ភៈ 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Policy+Implications+of+the+Iraq+War&rft.pub=Usforeignpolicy.about.com&rft.date=2004-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusforeignpolicy.about.com%2Fod%2Fnewsiss3%2Ftp%2Firaqwarrelations.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">↑</a> Sean Loughlin CNN Washington Bureau (12 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/03/11/sprj.irq.fries/">"House cafeterias change names for 'french' fries and 'french' toast"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/03/11/sprj.irq.fries/">http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/03/11/sprj.irq.fries/</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=House+cafeterias+change+names+for+%27french%27+fries+and+%27french%27+toast&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Sean+Loughlin+CNN+Washington+Bureau&rft.au=Sean+Loughlin+CNN+Washington+Bureau&rft.date=12+March+2003&rft.pub=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2003%2FALLPOLITICS%2F03%2F11%2Fsprj.irq.fries%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo_833/royaume-uni_202/index.html">France-Diplomatie : Royaume-Uni</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100317112607/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo_833/royaume-uni_202/index.html">Archived</a> 2010-03-17 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ministère des Affaires Étrangères</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7937666.stm">"France ends four-decade Nato rift"</a>. BBC News. 12 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7937666.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7937666.stm</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=France+ends+four-decade+Nato+rift&rft.atitle=&rft.date=12+March+2009&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7937666.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">↑</a> (បារាំង) Roger, Patrick (11 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2009/03/11/le-retour-de-la-france-dans-l-otan-suscite-un-malaise-dans-les-rangs-de-la-droite_1166352_823448.html">"Le retour de la France dans l'OTAN suscite un malaise dans les rangs de la Droite"</a>. Le Monde (Paris). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2009/03/11/le-retour-de-la-france-dans-l-otan-suscite-un-malaise-dans-les-rangs-de-la-droite_1166352_823448.html">http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2009/03/11/le-retour-de-la-france-dans-l-otan-suscite-un-malaise-dans-les-rangs-de-la-droite_1166352_823448.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+retour+de+la+France+dans+l%27OTAN+suscite+un+malaise+dans+les+rangs+de+la+Droite&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.aulast=Roger&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Roger%2C%26%2332%3BPatrick&rft.date=11+March+2009&rft.place=Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2009%2F03%2F11%2Fle-retour-de-la-france-dans-l-otan-suscite-un-malaise-dans-les-rangs-de-la-droite_1166352_823448.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9512/france_nuclear/">"Fifth French nuclear test sparks international outrage"</a>. CNN. 28 December 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9512/france_nuclear/">http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9512/france_nuclear/</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fifth+French+nuclear+test+sparks+international+outrage&rft.atitle=&rft.date=28+December+1995&rft.pub=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2FWORLD%2F9512%2Ffrance_nuclear%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memo.fr/article.asp?ID=CON_COL_009">L'empire colonial français</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425024055/http://www.delegfrance-onu-geneve.org/spip.php?article417">"France involvement in peace-keeping operations"</a>. Delegfrance-onu-geneve.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delegfrance-onu-geneve.org/spip.php?article417">the original</a> on 25 មេសា 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+involvement+in+peace-keeping+operations&rft.pub=Delegfrance-onu-geneve.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delegfrance-onu-geneve.org%2Fspip.php%3Farticle417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/9/44981892.pdf">Net Official Development Assistance 2009</a> OECD </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109025028/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/france-in-the-world_6820/development-assistance-and-humanitarian-action_6908/index.html">"Development assistance and humanitarian action"</a>. Diplomatie.gouv.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/france-in-the-world_6820/development-assistance-and-humanitarian-action_6908/index.html">the original</a> on 9 វិច្ឆិកា 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Development+assistance+and+humanitarian+action&rft.pub=Diplomatie.gouv.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fen%2Ffrance_159%2Ffrance-in-the-world_6820%2Fdevelopment-assistance-and-humanitarian-action_6908%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aid-198">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-aid_198-0">១៩៣,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aid_198-1">១៩៣,១</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france-priorities_1/index.html">France priorities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722114125/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france-priorities_1/index.html">Archived</a> 2010-07-22 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – France Diplomatie </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/service-civil/fin-service-militaire-obligatoire.shtml">La fin du service militaire obligatoire</a> – La documentation française </li> <li id="cite_note-status-200"><a href="#cite_ref-status_200-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/">"Status of signature and ratification: CTBTO Preparatory Commission"</a>. CTBTO Preparatory Commission. 26 May 2010. Retrieved 27 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTBTO+Preparatory+Commission&rft.atitle=Status+of+signature+and+ratification%3A+CTBTO+Preparatory+Commission&rft.date=2010-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctbto.org%2Fthe-treaty%2Fstatus-of-signature-and-ratification%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI_Yearbook_2012-201"><a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI_Yearbook_2012_201-0">↑</a> Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>SIPRI Yearbook 2012</code></li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">↑</a> (បារាំង) Centre de Documentation et de Recherche sur la Paix et les Conflits, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://obsarm.org/obsnuc/puissances-mondiales/france-forces.html">Etat des forces nucléaires françaises au 15 août 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725004911/http://obsarm.org/obsnuc/puissances-mondiales/france-forces.html">Archived</a> 2011-07-25 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1990/7/90.07.06.x.html">"90.07.06: The Aerospace Industry: Its History and How it Affects the U.S. Economy"</a>. Yale.edu. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=90.07.06%3A+The+Aerospace+Industry%3A+Its+History+and+How+it+Affects+the+U.S.+Economy&rft.pub=Yale.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Fynhti%2Fcurriculum%2Funits%2F1990%2F7%2F90.07.06.x.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426095916/http://www.bbfrenchtranslation.com/aerospace-industry-of-france.html">"Aerospace industry of France"</a>. Bbfrenchtranslation.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbfrenchtranslation.com/aerospace-industry-of-france.html">the original</a> on 26 មេសា 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aerospace+industry+of+France&rft.pub=Bbfrenchtranslation.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbfrenchtranslation.com%2Faerospace-industry-of-france.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">↑</a> "En 2001, la France a vendu pour 1,288 milliard de dollars d'équipements militaires, ce qui la met au troisième rang mondial des exportateurs derrière les États-Unis et la Russie." " In 2001, France sold $1,288 billion of military equipment, ranking 3rd in the world for arms exportations behind the USA and Russia" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/entreprise/la-france-demeure-un-fournisseur-d-armes-de-premier-plan_95084.html">La France demeure un fournisseur d'armes de premier plan (France stays one of the biggest arms supplier)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120311161443/http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/entreprise/la-france-demeure-un-fournisseur-d-armes-de-premier-plan_95084.html">Archived</a> 2012-03-11 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – L'express. 13 June 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">↑</a> "La France est au 4ème rang mondial des exportateurs d'armes, derrière les Etats-Unis, le Royaume-Uni et la Russie, et devant Israël, selon un rapport du ministère de la Défense publié l'an dernier." "France is 4th biggest arms exportator, behind the USA, the UK and Russia, and ahead of Israel, according to a report of the Ministry of Defense published a year ago" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20minutes.fr/article/551139/Economie-Les-ventes-d-armes-explosent-en-2009.php">Arms sellings explode in 2009</a> – 20 minutes </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">↑</a> Mail Online, Harrowing loss of Afghanistan troops overshadows France's Bastille Day military parade, 14 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2014729/France-proudly-celebrates-Bastille-Day-despite-deaths-soldiers-Afghanistan-overshadowing-annual-parade.html">[១]</a>. Retrieved 5 January 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-bloomberg.com-208"><a href="#cite_ref-bloomberg.com_208-0">↑</a> Bloomberg (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GFRN10:IND">French government bond interest rates</a> (graph) </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloomberg_2012-209"><a href="#cite_ref-Bloomberg_2012_209-0">↑</a> Bloomberg (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GDBR10:IND">German government bond interest rates</a> (graph) </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005546/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html">"The World Factbook"</a>. Cia.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html">the original</a> on 13 មិថុនា 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2186rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFJohn" class="citation web cs1">John, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502014859/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/26/us-france-debt-idUSBRE89P0SO20121026">"Analysis: Low French borrowing costs risk negative reappraisal"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/26/us-france-debt-idUSBRE89P0SO20121026">the original</a> on 2 ឧសភា 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis%3A+Low+French+borrowing+costs+risk+negative+reappraisal&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2012%2F10%2F26%2Fus-france-debt-idUSBRE89P0SO20121026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-data.worldbank.org-212"><a href="#cite_ref-data.worldbank.org_212-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2012+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc">GDP, PPP (current international $) | Data | Table</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2010/countries/France.html">"Global 500 by Country"</a>. CNN. 26 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2010/countries/France.html">http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2010/countries/France.html</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Global+500+by+Country&rft.atitle=&rft.date=26+July+2010&rft.pub=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Fglobal500%2F2010%2Fcountries%2FFrance.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/history/">"History of the Euro"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/history/">http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/history/</a>។ បានយកមក 30 October 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Euro&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fstatic%2Fin_depth%2Fbusiness%2F2001%2Feuro_cash%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-energy_profile-215"><a href="#cite_ref-energy_profile_215-0">↑</a> EnerPub (8 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?idarticle=9839&t=France%3A+Energy+profile">"France: Energy profile"</a>. Spero News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?idarticle=9839&t=France%3A+Energy+profile">http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?idarticle=9839&t=France%3A+Energy+profile</a>។ បានយកមក 25 August 2007.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France%3A+Energy+profile&rft.jtitle=Spero+News&rft.aulast=EnerPub&rft.au=EnerPub&rft.date=8+June+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speroforum.com%2Fsite%2Farticle.asp%3Fidarticle%3D9839%26t%3DFrance%253A%2BEnergy%2Bprofile&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">↑</a> (បារាំង) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF09203">"Entreprises selon le nombre de salariés et l'activité"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=INSEE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INSEE (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">INSEE</a>. July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entreprises+selon+le+nombre+de+salari%C3%A9s+et+l%27activit%C3%A9&rft.pub=INSEE&rft.date=2008-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Ftableau.asp%3Freg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3DNATTEF09203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">↑</a> (បារាំង) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF9303">"Entreprises publiques selon l'activité économique"</a>. INSEE. March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entreprises+publiques+selon+l%27activit%C3%A9+%C3%A9conomique&rft.pub=INSEE&rft.date=2009-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Ftableau.asp%3Freg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3DNATTEF9303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2008_e/its2008_e.pdf">"International Trade Statistics 2008"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Trade_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Trade Organization (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO). 2009. p. 12. Retrieved 5 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Trade+Statistics+2008&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=World+Trade+Organization+%28WTO%29&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wto.org%2Fenglish%2Fres_e%2Fstatis_e%2Fits2008_e%2Fits2008_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDI-219">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FDI_219-0">២១៤,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDI_219-1">២១៤,១</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704045547/http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_fr_en.pdf">"Country fact sheet: France"</a> (PDF). World Investment Report 2009. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNCTAD). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_fr_en.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 កក្កដា 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Investment+Report+2009&rft.atitle=Country+fact+sheet%3A+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unctad.org%2Fsections%2Fdite_dir%2Fdocs%2Fwir09_fs_fr_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDI2-220">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FDI2_220-0">២១៥,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDI2_220-1">២១៥,១</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704045522/http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_jp_en.pdf">"Country fact sheet: Japan"</a> (PDF). World Investment Report 2009. UNCTAD. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_jp_en.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 កក្កដា 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Investment+Report+2009&rft.atitle=Country+fact+sheet%3A+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unctad.org%2Fsections%2Fdite_dir%2Fdocs%2Fwir09_fs_jp_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gralon.net/articles/economie-et-finance/bourse/article-la-bourse-de-paris---une-institution-depuis-1724-981.htm">La Bourse de Paris : une institution depuis 1724</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-banque-222">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-banque_222-0">២១៧,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-banque_222-1">២១៧,១</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFEmbassy_of_France" class="citation web cs1">Embassy of France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009235442/http://ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article511">"Embassy of France in Washington: Economy of France"</a>. Ambafrance-us.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article511">the original</a> on 9 តុលា 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embassy+of+France+in+Washington%3A+Economy+of+France&rft.pub=Ambafrance-us.org&rft.au=Embassy+of+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambafrance-us.org%2Fspip.php%3Farticle511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doughroller.net/banking/largest-banks-in-the-world/">"The 10 Largest Banks in the World"</a>. Doughroller.net. 15 June 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+10+Largest+Banks+in+the+World&rft.pub=Doughroller.net&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doughroller.net%2Fbanking%2Flargest-banks-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/air_co2_emissions.htm">"Greenhouse Gas Emissions"</a>. Environmental Indicators. United Nations. August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Indicators&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions&rft.date=2009-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fenvironment%2Fair_co2_emissions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131001103413/http://world-nuclear.org/info/Facts-and-Figures/Nuclear-generation-by-country/#.UkrawYakrOM">"Nuclear shares of electricity generation"</a>. World-nuclear.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Facts-and-Figures/Nuclear-generation-by-country/#.UkrawYakrOM">the original</a> on 1 តុលា 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear+shares+of+electricity+generation&rft.pub=World-nuclear.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear.org%2Finfo%2FFacts-and-Figures%2FNuclear-generation-by-country%2F%23.UkrawYakrOM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-agriculture-226"><a href="#cite_ref-agriculture_226-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/France-AGRICULTURE.html">France – Agriculture</a> – Encyclopedia of the Nations </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100114024542/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/economy_6815/overview-of-the-french-economy_6831/key-figures-of-the-french-economy_1402.html#sommaire_1">"Key figures of the French economy"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (France) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/economy_6815/overview-of-the-french-economy_6831/key-figures-of-the-french-economy_1402.html#sommaire_1">the original</a> on 2010-01-14. Retrieved 2017-07-11. <q>France is the world's fifth largest exporter of goods (mainly durables). The country ranks fourth in services and third in agriculture (especially in cereals and the agri-food sector). It is the leading producer and exporter of farm products in Europe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+figures+of+the+French+economy&rft.pub=French+Ministry+of+Foreign+and+European+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fen%2Ffrance_159%2Feconomy_6815%2Foverview-of-the-french-economy_6831%2Fkey-figures-of-the-french-economy_1402.html%23sommaire_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ministère-228">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ministère_228-0">២២៣,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ministère_228-1">២២៣,១</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/panorama_agriculture_ed2008EN.pdf">A panorama of the agriculture and agri-food industries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100921021111/http://agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/panorama_agriculture_ed2008EN.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-09-21 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – Ministère de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agriculture.gouv.fr/un-ministere-au-service-de-votre">Un ministère au service de votre alimentation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100806180615/http://agriculture.gouv.fr/un-ministere-au-service-de-votre">Archived</a> 2010-08-06 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – Ministère de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/fin/directaid/2007/annex1_en.pdf">"Financial year 2007"</a> (PDF). Distribution of direct aid to farmers. <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Commission (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">European Commission</a>. 22 April 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distribution+of+direct+aid+to+farmers&rft.atitle=Financial+year+2007&rft.date=2009-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fagriculture%2Ffin%2Fdirectaid%2F2007%2Fannex1_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://panorama-iaa.alimentation.gouv.fr/">Les enjeux des industries agroalimentaires françaises</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229143438/http://panorama-iaa.alimentation.gouv.fr/">Archived</a> 2011-12-29 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – Panorama des Industries Agroalimentaires </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130424075526/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html">"Rank Order – GDP – per capita (PPP)"</a>. The World Factbook. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html">the original</a> on 24 មេសា 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rank+Order+%E2%80%93+GDP+%E2%80%93+per+capita+%28PPP%29&rft.pub=The+World+Factbook&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2004rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/#GDP_perHourWorked">"France is at 1480 hours, compared to an average of 1650 in European countries"</a>. Conference-board.org. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+is+at+1480+hours%2C+compared+to+an+average+of+1650+in+European+countries&rft.pub=Conference-board.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conference-board.org%2Fdata%2Feconomydatabase%2F%23GDP_perHourWorked&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Employment2004-234"><a href="#cite_ref-Employment2004_234-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFOrganisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development2012" class="citation web cs1">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/els/emp/employmentoutlookstatisticalannex.htm">"OECD Employment Outlook 2012 – Statistical Annex"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 29 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OECD+Employment+Outlook+2012+%E2%80%93+Statistical+Annex&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fels%2Femp%2Femploymentoutlookstatisticalannex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Aghion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Aghion (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Philippe Aghion</a>; Gilbert Cette, Élie Cohen and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Pisani-Ferry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Pisani-Ferry (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Jean Pisani-Ferry</a> (2007) (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cae.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/072.pdf">Les leviers de la croissance française</a>. Paris: Conseil d'analyse économique. p. 55. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-2-11-006946-7" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-2-11-006946-7">978-2-11-006946-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cae.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/072.pdf">http://www.cae.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/072.pdf</a>។ បានយកមក 1 September 2008.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+leviers+de+la+croissance+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.aulast=Philippe+Aghion&rft.au=Philippe+Aghion&rft.au=Gilbert+Cette%2C+%C3%89lie+Cohen+and+%5B%5BJean+Pisani-Ferry%5D%5D&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B55&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Conseil+d%27analyse+%C3%A9conomique&rft.isbn=978-2-11-006946-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cae.gouv.fr%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2F072.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090310212706/http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2007doc.nsf/LinkTo/NT00002ECA/$FILE/JT03230693.PDF">"Enhancing Incentives to Improve Performances in the Education System in France"</a> (PDF). OECD. 1 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2007doc.nsf/LinkTo/NT00002ECA/$FILE/JT03230693.PDF">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011. <q>Initial education, especially secondary education and the universities, along with labour market policies themselves, do not always succeed in improving labour market entry for a significant proportion of young people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enhancing+Incentives+to+Improve+Performances+in+the+Education+System+in+France&rft.pub=OECD&rft.date=2007-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olis.oecd.org%2Folis%2F2007doc.nsf%2FLinkTo%2FNT00002ECA%2F%24FILE%2FJT03230693.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/03/world/europe/young-and-educated-in-france-find-employment-elusive.html">"Young, Educated and Jobless in France."</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=teilm020&tableSelection=1&plugin=1">"Harmonised unemployment rate by gender – total – % (SA)"</a>. Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. 11 March 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harmonised+unemployment+rate+by+gender+%E2%80%93+total+%E2%80%93+%25+%28SA%29&rft.pub=Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Ftgm%2Ftable.do%3Ftab%3Dtable%26language%3Den%26pcode%3Dteilm020%26tableSelection%3D1%26plugin%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/04/04/france.jobslaw/index.html">"More than 1 million protest French jobs law"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/04/04/france.jobslaw/index.html">http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/04/04/france.jobslaw/index.html</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=More+than+1+million+protest+French+jobs+law&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2006%2FWORLD%2Feurope%2F04%2F04%2Ffrance.jobslaw%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4816306.stm">"Q&A: French labour law row"</a>. BBC News. 11 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4816306.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4816306.stm</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Q%26A%3A+French+labour+law+row&rft.atitle=&rft.date=11+April+2006&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4816306.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100717012046/http://www.rsa.gouv.fr/-English-version-.html">"Le Revenu de Solidarité active"</a>. Rsa.gouv.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsa.gouv.fr/-English-version-.html">the original</a> on 17 កក្កដា 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Revenu+de+Solidarit%C3%A9+active&rft.pub=Rsa.gouv.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsa.gouv.fr%2F-English-version-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tourism.stat-242"><a href="#cite_ref-tourism.stat_242-0">↑</a> Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>tourism.stat</code></li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">↑</a> Dilorenzo, Sarah (20 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/france-learns-speak-touriste-0">"France learns to welcome, to speak 'touriste'"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Burlington_Free_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Burlington Free Press (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Burlington Free Press</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlington,_Vermont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burlington, Vermont (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Burlington, Vermont</a>): pp. 5A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/france-learns-speak-touriste-0">http://bigstory.ap.org/article/france-learns-speak-touriste-0</a>។ បានយកមក 20 July 2013.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+learns+to+welcome%2C+to+speak+%27touriste%27&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+Burlington+Free+Press%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Dilorenzo&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Dilorenzo%2C%26%2332%3BSarah&rft.date=20+July+2013&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B5A&rft.place=%5B%5BBurlington%2C+Vermont%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigstory.ap.org%2Farticle%2Ffrance-learns-speak-touriste-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100602032710/http://www.themeit.com/etea/2009report.pdf">"2009 Theme Index. The Global Attractions Attendance Report, 2009"</a> (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themeit.com/etea/2009report.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+Theme+Index.+The+Global+Attractions+Attendance+Report%2C+2009&rft.pub=Themed+Entertainment+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themeit.com%2Fetea%2F2009report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425152011/http://www.frenchriviera-tourism.com/regional-tourism-organization/the-french-riviera-tourist-board-06_191.html">"The French Riviera Tourist Board"</a>. Frenchriviera-tourism.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frenchriviera-tourism.com/regional-tourism-organization/the-french-riviera-tourist-board-06_191.html">the original</a> on 25 មេសា 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+French+Riviera+Tourist+Board&rft.pub=Frenchriviera-tourism.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frenchriviera-tourism.com%2Fregional-tourism-organization%2Fthe-french-riviera-tourist-board-06_191.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">↑</a> Côte d'Azur Economic Development Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crdp-nice.net/dp/IMG/pdf/Kit_Info_Cote_d_Azur_FR_Version_sept_07.pdf">p. 31 CRDP-Nice.net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116144834/http://www.crdp-nice.net/dp/IMG/pdf/Kit_Info_Cote_d_Azur_FR_Version_sept_07.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-01-16 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">↑</a> Côte d'Azur Economic Development Agency, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crdp-nice.net/dp/IMG/pdf/Kit_Info_Cote_d_Azur_FR_Version_sept_07.pdf">p. 66</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116144834/http://www.crdp-nice.net/dp/IMG/pdf/Kit_Info_Cote_d_Azur_FR_Version_sept_07.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-01-16 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">↑</a> (បារាំង) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071224180811/http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/deps/mini_chiff_03/fr/musee.htm">"Fréquentation des musées et des bâtiments historiques"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/deps/mini_chiff_03/fr/musee.htm">the original</a> on 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2017-07-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fr%C3%A9quentation+des+mus%C3%A9es+et+des+b%C3%A2timents+historiques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.culture.gouv.fr%2Fdeps%2Fmini_chiff_03%2Ffr%2Fmusee.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">↑</a> (បារាំង) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100601124351/http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Chiffres_transport-pdf.pdf">"Chiffres clés du transport 2010"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Chiffres_transport-pdf.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 មិថុនា 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chiffres+cl%C3%A9s+du+transport+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.developpement-durable.gouv.fr%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2FChiffres_transport-pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/">Site officiel</a> du <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Ecology,_Energy,_Sustainable_Development_and_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Sea (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, du Développement Durable et de la Mer</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215524/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2121rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=9#fr">"Country comparison : railways – The World Factbook"</a>. Cia.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2121rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=9#fr">the original</a> on 4 តុលា 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+comparison+%3A+railways+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2121rank.html%3FcountryName%3DFrance%26countryCode%3Dfr%26regionCode%3Deu%26rank%3D9%23fr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frenchtgv/">"TGV High-Speed Rail Network, France"</a>. Railway-technology.com. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TGV+High-Speed+Rail+Network%2C+France&rft.pub=Railway-technology.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railway-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Ffrenchtgv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://h2g2.com/dna/h2g2/A711785">"h2g2 – TGV – The French High-speed Train Service"</a>. BBC. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=h2g2+%E2%80%93+TGV+%E2%80%93+The+French+High-speed+Train+Service&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fh2g2.com%2Fdna%2Fh2g2%2FA711785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513121037/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=7#fr">"Country Comparison : roadways – The World Factbook"</a>. Cia.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=7#fr">the original</a> on 13 ឧសភា 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Comparison+%3A+roadways+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2085rank.html%3FcountryName%3DFrance%26countryCode%3Dfr%26regionCode%3Deu%26rank%3D7%23fr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">↑</a> (បារាំង) L'automobile magazine, hors-série 2003/2004 page 294 </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006095330/http://www.ademe.fr/particuliers/fiches/voiture/rub3.htm">"Guide pratique de l' ADEME, la voiture"</a>. Ademe.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ademe.fr/particuliers/fiches/voiture/rub3.htm">the original</a> on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+pratique+de+l%27+ADEME%2C+la+voiture&rft.pub=Ademe.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ademe.fr%2Fparticuliers%2Ffiches%2Fvoiture%2Frub3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">↑</a> Bockman, Chris (4 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3237329.stm">"France builds world's tallest bridge"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3237329.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3237329.stm</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=France+builds+world%27s+tallest+bridge&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Bockman&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Bockman%2C%26%2332%3BChris&rft.date=4+November+2003&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F3237329.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517035156/http://www.bdpinternational.com/news/StrikesblockFrenchports.asp">Strikes block French ports</a>. The Journal of Commerce Online (via BDP International). 23 April 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laprovence.com/article/region/marseille-un-grand-port-maritime-qui-ne-demande-qua-se-montrer">Marseille : un grand port maritime qui ne demande qu'à se montrer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114060851/http://www.laprovence.com/article/region/marseille-un-grand-port-maritime-qui-ne-demande-qua-se-montrer">Archived</a> 2012-11-14 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – La Provence </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100224075407/http://blog.hotelclub.com/marseille/">"Marseille – A French Pearl in the Mediterranean Sea"</a>. Blog.hotelclub.com. 22 February 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.hotelclub.com/marseille/">the original</a> on 24 កុម្ភៈ 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marseille+%E2%80%93+A+French+Pearl+in+the+Mediterranean+Sea&rft.pub=Blog.hotelclub.com&rft.date=2010-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.hotelclub.com%2Fmarseille%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">↑</a> Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, "Cultura statistics", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/culture/deps/2008/pdf/minichiffrescles2010-en.pdf">Key figures</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/fr">"Official properties inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in France"</a>. Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 31 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+properties+inscribed+on+the+UNESCO+World+Heritage+List+in+France&rft.pub=Whc.unesco.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Ffr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/learn-about-art/guide-to-impressionism/guide-to-impressionism">"Guide to Impressionism"</a>. Nationalgallery.org.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Impressionism&rft.pub=Nationalgallery.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgallery.org.uk%2Fpaintings%2Flearn-about-art%2Fguide-to-impressionism%2Fguide-to-impressionism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">↑</a> (បារាំង) RFI, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/063/article_34792.asp">Le néo-impressionnisme de Seurat à Paul Klee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120343/http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/063/article_34792.asp">Archived</a> 2017-10-10 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. 15 March 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">↑</a> National Gallery of Art (United States), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/feature/artnation/fauve/index.shtm">The Fauves (dossier)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101105195501/http://www.nga.gov/feature/artnation/fauve/index.shtm">Archived</a> 2010-11-05 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">↑</a> (បារាំង) RFI, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfi.fr/culturefr/articles/098/article_63189.asp">Vlaminck, version fauve</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120345/http://www.rfi.fr/culturefr/articles/098/article_63189.asp">Archived</a> 2017-10-10 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., 25 February 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">↑</a> Musée d'Orsay (official website), History of the museum – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/history-of-the-museum/home.html">From station to museum</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/history-of-the-collections/painting.html">"History of the painting collection"</a>. Musee-orsay.fr. 31 July 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+painting+collection&rft.pub=Musee-orsay.fr&rft.date=2007-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musee-orsay.fr%2Fen%2Fcollections%2Fhistory-of-the-collections%2Fpainting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sites-268">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-sites_268-0">២៦៣,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sites_268-1">២៦៣,១</a> (បារាំង) Ministry of Tourism, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/stat_etudes/memento/2009/sites.pdf">Sites touristiques en France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511093631/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/stat_etudes/memento/2009/sites.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-05-11 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. page 2 "Palmarès des 30 premiers sites culturels (entrées comptabilisées)" [Ranking of 30 most visited cultural sites in France] </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=998920&clef=ARC-TRK-D_01">Tour Eiffel et souvenirs de Paris</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeupclose.com/article/toulouses-saint-sernin-largest-romanesque-church-in-europe/">"Toulouse's Saint Sernin, Largest Romanesque Church in Europe"</a>. Europeupclose.com. 22 February 1999. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toulouse%E2%80%99s+Saint+Sernin%2C+Largest+Romanesque+Church+in+Europe&rft.pub=Europeupclose.com&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeupclose.com%2Farticle%2Ftoulouses-saint-sernin-largest-romanesque-church-in-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/opus-francigenum-art">"Opus Francigenum"</a>. Answers.com. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opus+Francigenum&rft.pub=Answers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answers.com%2Ftopic%2Fopus-francigenum-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718181401/http://www.justfrance.org/france/architecture/001.asp">"The Gothic Period"</a>. Justfrance.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justfrance.org/france/architecture/001.asp">the original</a> on 18 កក្កដា 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gothic+Period&rft.pub=Justfrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justfrance.org%2Ffrance%2Farchitecture%2F001.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/histoire.html">Histoire et Architecture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809141112/http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/histoire.html">Archived</a> 2016-08-09 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/">Site officiel de la Cathedrale de Notre-Dame de Reims</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160717234437/http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/">Archived</a> 2016-07-17 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">↑</a> (បារាំង) Claude Lébedel – Les Splendeurs du Baroque en France: Histoire et splendeurs du baroque en France page 9: “Si en allant plus loin, on prononce les mots ‘art baroque en France’, on provoque alors le plus souvent une moue interrogative, parfois seulement étonnée, parfois franchement réprobatrice: Mais voyons, l'art baroque n'existe pas en France!” </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">↑</a> Hills, Helen (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=jLmFbEdqBDUC&pg=PA86&dq=Mansart+influential#v=onepage&q=influential&f=false">Architecture and the Politics of Gender in Early Modern Europe</a>. Ashgate Publishing. p. 86. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/9780754603092" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/9780754603092">9780754603092</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/?id=jLmFbEdqBDUC&pg=PA86&dq=Mansart+influential#v=onepage&q=influential&f=false">http://books.google.com/?id=jLmFbEdqBDUC&pg=PA86&dq=Mansart+influential#v=onepage&q=influential&f=false</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+and+the+Politics+of+Gender+in+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.aulast=Hills&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.au=Hills%2C%26%2332%3BHelen&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B86&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.isbn=9780754603092&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DjLmFbEdqBDUC%26pg%3DPA86%26dq%3DMansart%2Binfluential%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dinfluential%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1283">"Fortifications of Vauban"</a>. Whc.unesco.org. 8 July 2008. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fortifications+of+Vauban&rft.pub=Whc.unesco.org&rft.date=2008-07-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.unesco.org/">"Official site of the UNESCO"</a>. Unesco.org. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+site+of+the+UNESCO&rft.pub=Unesco.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=OtabdzMdbboC&pg=PA48">Paris: City Guide</a>. Lonely Planet. 2008. p. 48. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/1-74059-850-4" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/1-74059-850-4">1-74059-850-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/?id=OtabdzMdbboC&pg=PA48">http://books.google.com/?id=OtabdzMdbboC&pg=PA48</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paris%3A+City+Guide&rft.date=2008&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B48&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.isbn=1-74059-850-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DOtabdzMdbboC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lci.tf1.fr/posez-vos-questions/2008-07/gratte-ciel-paris-pensez-vous-4872555.html">Des gratte-ciel à Paris : qu'en pensez-vous ?</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Cha%C3%AEne_Info&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Chaîne Info (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">LCI</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groupenci.com/uk/ile-de-france/defense.com-square.html">In the heart of the main European Business area</a> – NCI Business Center </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comedie-francaise.fr/histoire-et-patrimoine?id=525">Auteurs et répertoires</a> – Official site of the Comédie Française </li> <li id="cite_note-victor-282">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-victor_282-0">២៧៧,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-victor_282-1">២៧៧,១</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lecavalierbleu.com/images/30/extrait_75.pdf">"Victor Hugo est le plus grand écrivain français"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 29 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victor+Hugo+est+le+plus+grand+%C3%A9crivain+fran%C3%A7ais&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecavalierbleu.com%2Fimages%2F30%2Fextrait_75.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525201508/http://www.humanistictexts.org/montaigne.htm">"Montaigne"</a>. Humanistictexts.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanistictexts.org/montaigne.htm">the original</a> on 25 ឧសភា 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Montaigne&rft.pub=Humanistictexts.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanistictexts.org%2Fmontaigne.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiodramareviews.com/id438.html">"La Princesse de Cleves by Madame de Lafayette, adapted by Jo Clifford"</a>. Radiodramareviews.com. 28 February 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Princesse+de+Cleves+by+Madame+de+Lafayette%2C+adapted+by+Jo+Clifford&rft.pub=Radiodramareviews.com&rft.date=2010-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiodramareviews.com%2Fid438.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618002516/http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Jean_de_La_Fontaine">"Jean de la Fontaine"</a>. Newworldencyclopedia.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Jean_de_La_Fontaine">the original</a> on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jean+de+la+Fontaine&rft.pub=Newworldencyclopedia.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newworldencyclopedia.org%2Fentry%2FJean_de_La_Fontaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">↑</a> "Author of some of the finest comedies in the history of the theater." Hartnoll, Phyllis (ed.). The Oxford Companion to the Theatre, 1983, Oxford University Press, p. 554 </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">↑</a> Randall, Colin (25 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1475046/France-looks-to-the-law-to-save-the-language-of-Moliere.html">"France looks to the law to save the language of Molière"</a>. The Daily Telegraph (London). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1475046/France-looks-to-the-law-to-save-the-language-of-Moliere.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1475046/France-looks-to-the-law-to-save-the-language-of-Moliere.html</a>។ បានយកមក 22 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+looks+to+the+law+to+save+the+language+of+Moli%C3%A8re&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.au=Randall%2C%26%2332%3BColin&rft.date=25+October+2004&rft.place=London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2F1475046%2FFrance-looks-to-the-law-to-save-the-language-of-Moliere.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.skynet.be/litterature/symbolisme/symbolismefrancais.htm">Le symbolisme français</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180307192737/http://users.skynet.be/litterature/symbolisme/symbolismefrancais.htm">Archived</a> 2018-03-07 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-hugo-289">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-hugo_289-0">២៨៤,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hugo_289-1">២៨៤,១</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121116174008/http://www.enotes.com/victor-hugo-criticism/hugo-victor">"Victor Hugo 1802–1885"</a>. Enotes.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enotes.com/victor-hugo-criticism/hugo-victor">the original</a> on 16 វិច្ឆិកា 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victor+Hugo+1802%E2%80%931885&rft.pub=Enotes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enotes.com%2Fvictor-hugo-criticism%2Fhugo-victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180318194508/http://www.adherents.com/people/100_novel.html">"All-Time 100 Best Novels List"</a>. Adherents.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/people/100_novel.html">the original</a> on 18 មីនា 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All-Time+100+Best+Novels+List&rft.pub=Adherents.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2Fpeople%2F100_novel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-goncourt.fr/?article=1229174089">La première Académie Goncourt</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-goncourt.fr/?">Site officiel de l'Académie Goncourt</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930232031/http://www.completelynovel.com/books/50599">"The Little Prince"</a>. Completelynovel.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.completelynovel.com/books/50599">the original</a> on 30 កញ្ញា 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Little+Prince&rft.pub=Completelynovel.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completelynovel.com%2Fbooks%2F50599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">↑</a> National Literature Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/lit.html">by citizenship at the time of the award</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/litnat.html">by country of birth</a>. From <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Schmidhuber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Schmidhuber (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">J. Schmidhuber</a> (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/nobelshare.html">Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th century</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1009.2634">arXiv:1009.2634v1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friesian.com/hist-2.htm">"The Beginning of Modern Sciences"</a>. Friesian.com. Retrieved 16 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Beginning+of+Modern+Sciences&rft.pub=Friesian.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friesian.com%2Fhist-2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Godwin1876" class="citation web cs1">William Godwin (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livesnecromance04godwgoog">"Lives of the Necromancers"</a>. p. 232.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Necromancers&rft.pages=232&rft.date=1876&rft.au=William+Godwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivesnecromance04godwgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">↑</a> André Thuilier, Histoire de l’université de Paris et de la Sorbonne, Paris, Nouvelle librairie de France, 1994 </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">↑</a> Burke, Peter, A social history of knowledge: from Gutenberg to Diderot, Malden: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2000, p.17 </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/">"All Nobel Prizes"</a>. Nobel Media. Retrieved 10 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Prizes&rft.pub=Nobel+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Flists%2Fall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/fields/prizewinners/">"List of Fields Medallists"</a>. International Mathematical Union. Retrieved 10 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Fields+Medallists&rft.pub=International+Mathematical+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Fgeneral%2Fprizes%2Ffields%2Fprizewinners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREF2003年4月21日_(月)" class="citation web cs1">2003年4月21日 (月). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmv.co.jp/news/newsDetail.asp?newsnum=304080038">"The 100 Greatest Artists – No. 62"</a>. Hmv.co.jp. Retrieved 25 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+100+Greatest+Artists+%E2%80%93+No.+62&rft.pub=Hmv.co.jp&rft.au=2003%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%8821%E6%97%A5+%28%E6%9C%88%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmv.co.jp%2Fnews%2FnewsDetail.asp%3Fnewsnum%3D304080038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFHuizenga2005" class="citation web cs1">Huizenga, Tom (14 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4957580">"Debussy's 'La Mer' Marks 100th Birthday"</a>. Npr.org. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Debussy%27s+%27La+Mer%27+Marks+100th+Birthday&rft.pub=Npr.org&rft.date=2005-10-14&rft.aulast=Huizenga&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D4957580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92338564">"Debussy's Musical Game of Deception"</a>. Npr.org. 12 July 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Debussy%27s+Musical+Game+of+Deception&rft.pub=Npr.org&rft.date=2008-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D92338564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicfm.co.uk/music/composers/c-g/claude-debussy/">"Biography of Claude Debussy"</a>. Classicfm.co.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Claude+Debussy&rft.pub=Classicfm.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicfm.co.uk%2Fmusic%2Fcomposers%2Fc-g%2Fclaude-debussy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicfm.co.uk/music/composers/n-r/maurice-ravel/">"Biography of Maurice Ravel"</a>. Classicfm.co.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Maurice+Ravel&rft.pub=Classicfm.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicfm.co.uk%2Fmusic%2Fcomposers%2Fn-r%2Fmaurice-ravel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFBoulez" class="citation web cs1">Boulez, Pierre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126668117">"Composer-Conductor Pierre Boulez At 85"</a>. Npr.org. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Composer-Conductor+Pierre+Boulez+At+85&rft.pub=Npr.org&rft.aulast=Boulez&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D126668117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_France_Internationale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio France Internationale (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">RFI Musique</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/rock/noir-desir/biography">Biography of Noir Désir</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430102257/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/rock/noir-desir/biography">Archived</a> 2016-04-30 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., March 2009 : “Rock music doesn't come naturally to the French. A Latin country, with more affinity to poetry and melody, France has very rarely produced talented rock musicians. Rock music has other, more Anglo-Saxon ingredients” </li> <li id="cite_note-frmusic-307">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-frmusic_307-0">៣០២,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-frmusic_307-1">៣០២,១</a> <a href="#cite_ref-frmusic_307-2">៣០២,២</a> France Diplomatie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/french-music-has-the-whole-planet-singing_13031.html">French music has the whole planet singing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222105333/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/french-music-has-the-whole-planet-singing_13031.html">Archived</a> 2010-12-22 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., June 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">↑</a> The Telegraph, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3669339/Daft-Punk-Behind-the-robot-masks.html">Daft Punk: Behind the robot masks</a>, 17 November 2007 : "Daft Punk were in many ways responsible for turning the spotlight on a new, cool underground of French music in the late 1990s, including bestselling acts such as Air, and have been a huge influence on the current generation of international star DJs" </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1721450.stm">"The return of French pop music"</a>. BBC News. 20 December 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1721450.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1721450.stm</a>។ បានយកមក 22 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+return+of+French+pop+music&rft.atitle=&rft.date=20+December+2001&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F1721450.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">↑</a> Ministry of Culture of France, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fetedelamusique.culture.fr/site-2010/?page_id=550">About « Fête de la Musique »</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100515071351/http://www.fetedelamusique.culture.fr/site-2010/?page_id=550">Archived</a> 2010-05-15 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">↑</a> France Diplomatie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/fete-musique-21">June 2007_9392.html Fête de la Musique</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118060250/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/fete-musique-21">Archived</a> 18 January 2012[Date mismatch] at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., 21 June 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">↑</a> Dargis, Manohla. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/cannes_international_film_festival/index.html">"Cannes International Film Festival"</a>. New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/cannes_international_film_festival/index.html">http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/cannes_international_film_festival/index.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cannes+International+Film+Festival&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Dargis&rft.aufirst=Manohla&rft.au=Dargis%2C%26%2332%3BManohla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftopics.nytimes.com%2Ftop%2Freference%2Ftimestopics%2Fsubjects%2Fc%2Fcannes_international_film_festival%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">↑</a> Lim, Dennis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/arts/16iht-lim16.html?_r=1&ref=movies">"They'll Always Have Cannes"</a>. New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/arts/16iht-lim16.html?_r=1&ref=movies">http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/arts/16iht-lim16.html?_r=1&ref=movies</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=They%27ll+Always+Have+Cannes&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.au=Lim%2C%26%2332%3BDennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F16%2Farts%2F16iht-lim16.html%3F_r%3D1%26ref%3Dmovies&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">↑</a> Woolsey, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2008/05/14/cannes-properties-luxury-forbeslife-cx_mw_0514realestate_slide.html?thisSpeed=15000">"In Pictures: Chic Cannes Hideaways"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.forbes.com/2008/05/14/cannes-properties-luxury-forbeslife-cx_mw_0514realestate_slide.html?thisSpeed=15000">http://www.forbes.com/2008/05/14/cannes-properties-luxury-forbeslife-cx_mw_0514realestate_slide.html?thisSpeed=15000</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+Pictures%3A+Chic+Cannes+Hideaways&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.aulast=Woolsey&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Woolsey%2C%26%2332%3BMatt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F14%2Fcannes-properties-luxury-forbeslife-cx_mw_0514realestate_slide.html%3FthisSpeed%3D15000&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Lumière/130661">Les frères Lumière</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx">"Cinema: production of feature films"</a>. Stats.uis.unesco.org. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cinema%3A+production+of+feature+films&rft.pub=Stats.uis.unesco.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FTableViewer%2FtableView.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160912231419/http://www.cannesguide.com/basics/">"Cannes – a festival virgin's guide"</a>. Cannesguide.com. 15 Februatype_item=ART_ARCH_30Jry 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cannesguide.com/basics/">the original</a> on 12 កញ្ញា 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cannes+%E2%80%93+a+festival+virgin%27s+guide&rft.pub=Cannesguide.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannesguide.com%2Fbasics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Cite_web" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610125315/http://www.whatsonwhen.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&event_id=21731">"Cannes Film Festival | Palais des Festivals, Cannes, France"</a>. Whatsonwhen.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whatsonwhen.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&event_id=21731">the original</a> on 10 មិថុនា 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cannes+Film+Festival+%26%23124%3B+Palais+des+Festivals%2C+Cannes%2C+France&rft.pub=Whatsonwhen.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatsonwhen.com%2Fsisp%2Findex.htm%3Ffx%3Devent%26event_id%3D21731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-erudit-319">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-erudit_319-0">៣១៤,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-erudit_319-1">៣១៤,១</a> (បារាំង) Damien Rousselière <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erudit.org/revue/hphi/2005/v15/n2/801295ar.pdf">Cinéma et diversité culturelle: le cinéma indépendant face à la mondialisation des industries culturelles</a>. Horizons philosophiques Vol. 15 No. 2 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">↑</a> Joëlle Farchy (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scienceshumaines.com/la-fin-de-l-exception-culturelle_fr_10912.html">La Fin de l'exception culturelle ?</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CNRS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CNRS (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">CNRS</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/9782271056337" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-271-05633-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/politique/diversite/wto-en2.htm">The cultural exception is not negotiable by Catherine Trautmann</a> – Ministry of Culture </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fnsac-cgt.com/administration/upload/ARTICLE%20UNESCO%20CONF%201602_06%20(3).pdf">La Convention UNESCO pour la diversité culturelle : vers un droit international culturel contraignant ?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427020210/http://www.fnsac-cgt.com/administration/upload/ARTICLE%20UNESCO%20CONF%201602_06%20%283%29.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-04-27 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – www.fnsac-cgt.com </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">↑</a> Kelly, 181. DeJean, chapters 2–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://about-france.com/tourism/french-perfume.htm">http://about-france.com/tourism/french-perfume.htm</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">↑</a> (បារាំង) OJD, "Observatoire de la Presse", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQN/">Presse Quotidienne Nationale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100507013851/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQN/">Archived</a> 2010-05-07 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">↑</a> (បារាំង) OJD, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ojd.com/pgi/section/">Presse Gratuite d'Information</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204123544/http://www.ojd.com/pgi/section">Archived</a> 2010-12-04 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>.. November 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">↑</a> (បារាំង) Observatoire de la Presse, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQRD/">Presse Quotidienne Régionale et Départementale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100507014206/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQRD/">Archived</a> 2010-05-07 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">↑</a> (បារាំង) OJD, "Bureau Presse Payante Grand Public", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ojd.com/chiffres/section/PPGP/print?submitted=1&section=PPGP&famille=2&thema=&search=&go=Lancer+la+recherche">Presse Quotidienne Régionale et Départementale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425131947/http://www.ojd.com/chiffres/section/PPGP/print?submitted=1&section=PPGP&famille=2&thema=&search=&go=Lancer+la+recherche">Archived</a> 2011-04-25 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">↑</a> (បារាំង) Observatoire de la Presse, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PMAG/">Presse Magazine – Synthèse</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204536/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PMAG">Archived</a> 2010-09-29 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">↑</a> (បារាំង) Observatoire de la Presse, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_NEWS/">Presse News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204512/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_NEWS">Archived</a> 2010-09-29 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Daily_Telegraph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Daily Telegraph (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The Telegraph</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/3125110/Nicolas-Sarkozy-French-media-faces-death-without-reform.html">Nicolas Sarkozy: French media faces 'death' without reform</a> 2 October 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">↑</a> French government portal, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gouvernement.fr/gouvernement/lancement-des-etats-generaux-de-la-presse">Lancement des états généraux de la presse</a> 2 October 2008 [Launching of General State of written media] </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFAngelique_Chrisafis_in_Paris" class="citation web cs1">Angelique Chrisafis in Paris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/jan/23/sarkozy-pledges-state-aid-to-newspapers">"Sarkozy pledges €600m to newspapers"</a>. Guardian. Retrieved 21 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarkozy+pledges+%E2%82%AC600m+to+newspapers&rft.pub=Guardian&rft.au=Angelique+Chrisafis+in+Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fmedia%2F2009%2Fjan%2F23%2Fsarkozy-pledges-state-aid-to-newspapers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">↑</a> Radio France, "L'entreprise", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722004341/http://www.radiofrance.fr/lentreprise/reperes/statuts/">Repères</a>. Landmarks of Radio France company </li> <li id="cite_note-mediapol-335">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-mediapol_335-0">៣៣០,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mediapol_335-1">៣៣០,១</a> (បារាំង) Vie Publique, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vie-publique.fr/politiques-publiques/politique-audiovisuel/chronologie/">Chronologie de la politique de l’audiovisuel</a> 20 August 2004 [Chronology of policy for audiovisual] </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8626041.stm">"World warming to US under Obama, BBC poll suggests"</a>. BBC News. 19 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8626041.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8626041.stm</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=World+warming+to+US+under+Obama%2C+BBC+poll+suggests&rft.atitle=&rft.date=19+April+2010&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F8626041.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/160410bbcwspoll.pdf">"Global Views of United States Improve While Other Countries Decline"</a> (PDF). BBC News. 18 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/160410bbcwspoll.pdf">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/160410bbcwspoll.pdf</a>។ បានយកមក 26 December 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global+Views+of+United+States+Improve+While+Other+Countries+Decline&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.date=18+April+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Fbsp%2Fhi%2Fpdfs%2F160410bbcwspoll.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100825075750/http://www.gfk.com/group/press_information/press_releases/003055/index.en.html">"Germany on Top, U.S. Seventh in Nation Brands IndexSM"</a>. Gfk.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gfk.com/group/press_information/press_releases/003055/index.en.html">the original</a> on 25 សីហា 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany+on+Top%2C+U.S.+Seventh+in+Nation+Brands+IndexSM&rft.pub=Gfk.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gfk.com%2Fgroup%2Fpress_information%2Fpress_releases%2F003055%2Findex.en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pewmwtp-339"><a href="#cite_ref-pewmwtp_339-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111203105340/http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2011/07/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Muslim-Western-Relations-FINAL-FOR-PRINT-July-21-2011.pdf">"Muslim-Western tensions persist"</a> (PDF). Pew Research Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewglobal.org/files/2011/07/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Muslim-Western-Relations-FINAL-FOR-PRINT-July-21-2011.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 ធ្នូ 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muslim-Western+tensions+persist&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewglobal.org%2Ffiles%2F2011%2F07%2FPew-Global-Attitudes-Muslim-Western-Relations-FINAL-FOR-PRINT-July-21-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewglobal.org/database/?indicator=1">"Opinion of the United States"</a>. Pew Research Center. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opinion+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewglobal.org%2Fdatabase%2F%3Findicator%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Allen2010" class="citation web cs1">Peter Allen (7 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1240988/France-tops-list-best-places-live-world-fifth-year-row--Britain-languishes-25th.html">"Britain falls to 25th best place to live in the world... behind Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Hungary"</a>. Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Britain+falls+to+25th+best+place+to+live+in+the+world...+behind+Lithuania%2C+the+Czech+Republic+and+Hungary&rft.pub=Dailymail.co.uk&rft.date=2010-01-07&rft.au=Peter+Allen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle-1240988%2FFrance-tops-list-best-places-live-world-fifth-year-row--Britain-languishes-25th.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-quality-342">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-quality_342-0">៣៣៧,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-quality_342-1">៣៣៧,១</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFBy_Daniela_Deane_for_CNN" class="citation web cs1">By Daniela Deane for CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221537/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/02/11/france.quality.life/index.html">"Why France is best place to live in world"</a>. Edition.cnn.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/02/11/france.quality.life/index.html">the original</a> on 4 តុលា 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+France+is+best+place+to+live+in+world&rft.pub=Edition.cnn.com&rft.au=By+Daniela+Deane+for+CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2010%2FWORLD%2Feurope%2F02%2F11%2Ffrance.quality.life%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Cite_web" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">↑</a> Conseil Constitutionnel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/root/bank_mm/anglais/constiution_anglais_oct2009.pdf">Constitution of 4 October 1958</a> (page 4) "Title I – Of Sovereignty" </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">↑</a> Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, "The symbols of the Republic", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-14th-of-july-the-bastille-day_13113.html">The 14th of July: Bastille day</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514035528/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-14th-of-july-the-bastille-day_13113.html">Archived</a> 2012-05-14 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">↑</a> Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, "The symbols of the Republic", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-french-flag_1504.html">The French Flag</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513143650/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-french-flag_1504.html">Archived</a> 2012-05-13 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">↑</a> Assemblée Nationale, "History and heritage : La Marseillaise, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/la_marseillaise.asp">Rouget de Lisle (1760–1836) and La Marseillaise</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515104621/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/la_marseillaise.asp">Archived</a> 2012-05-15 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">↑</a> Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, "The symbols of the Republic", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-national-anthem-the-marseillaise_1502.html">The national anthem : The Marseillaise</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513180412/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-national-anthem-the-marseillaise_1502.html">Archived</a> 2012-05-13 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">↑</a> Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, "The symbols of the Republic", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/liberty-equality-fraternity_1503.html">Liberty, Equality, Fraternity</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513132352/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/liberty-equality-fraternity_1503.html">Archived</a> 2012-05-13 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513094110/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/marianne_1506.html?var_recherche=Marianne">"The Symbols of the Republic : Marianne on the Official Site of the Foreign Affairs Ministry of France"</a>. Diplomatie.gouv.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/marianne_1506.html?var_recherche=Marianne">the original</a> on 13 ឧសភា 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Symbols+of+the+Republic+%3A+Marianne+on+the+Official+Site+of+the+Foreign+Affairs+Ministry+of+France&rft.pub=Diplomatie.gouv.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fen%2Ffrance_159%2Finstitutions-and-politics_6814%2Fthe-symbols-of-the-republic_2002%2Fmarianne_1506.html%3Fvar_recherche%3DMarianne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">↑</a> (បារាំង) French Presidency, "Les symboles de la République française", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-coq/le-coq.6052.html">Le coq</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100401063525/http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-coq/le-coq.6052.html">Archived</a> 2010-04-01 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">↑</a> French rural code <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnArticleDeCode?commun=&code=CRURALNL.rcv&art=L654-27-1">L654-27-1</a>[<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%85" title="វិគីភីឌា:តំណភ្ជាប់ខូច">តំណភ្ជាប់ខូច</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2008/02/24/436892-cuisine-sommes-nous-les-meilleurs-du-monde.html">Cuisine : sommes-nous les meilleurs du monde ?</a>. La Dépêche. 24 February 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Food/DF_cuisine.shtml">French Cuisine</a> – Discover France </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.hotelclub.com/top-10-international-cuisine/">Top 10 Most Tasty Cuisines in the World</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425194104/http://blog.hotelclub.com/top-10-international-cuisine/">Archived</a> 2012-04-25 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – Hotel Club Travel Blog </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721024114/http://www.vbartdevivre.fr/fr/ateliers-de-cuisine-francaise">Ateliers de cuisine française</a> – Art de vivre à Paris </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amour-de-france.com/contenu.php?page=article-51">La Gastronomie Française</a> – Chinese Lovers of France </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theinternationalkitchen.com/cooking-vacations/france">About our vacations in France</a> -Cooking Vacations to France </li> <li id="cite_note-cuisine-358"><a href="#cite_ref-cuisine_358-0">↑</a> (បារាំង) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100723164351/http://www.delices-du-monde.fr/recettes-francaise.html">"Recettes françaises"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delices-du-monde.fr/recettes-francaise.html">the original</a> on 2010-07-23. Retrieved 2017-07-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recettes+fran%C3%A7aises&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delices-du-monde.fr%2Frecettes-francaise.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> – Delices du Monde </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425112349/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jvmxWfyZ2tFVA3qcmC7DkX6SMi5g">La France du beurre et celle de l'huile d'olive maintiennent leurs positions</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agence_France_Presse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agence France Presse (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Agence France Presse</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211145428/http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/walter/wine/france.html">"Wines of France"</a>. Userweb.cs.utexas.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/walter/wine/france.html">the original</a> on 11 February 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wines+of+France&rft.pub=Userweb.cs.utexas.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.utexas.edu%2Fusers%2Fwalter%2Fwine%2Ffrance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodcooking.com/frcheese.htm">"French Cheese"</a>. Goodcooking.com. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+Cheese&rft.pub=Goodcooking.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodcooking.com%2Ffrcheese.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franceway.com/cheese/">French Cheese</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100827131743/http://www.franceway.com/cheese/">Archived</a> 2010-08-27 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.traditionalfrenchfood.com/index.html">Traditional French Food</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3starrestaurants.com/michelin-restaurants-star-guide.asp">"Michelin 3 Star Restaurants around the world"</a>. 3starrestaurants.com. 14 December 2006. Retrieved 30 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michelin+3+Star+Restaurants+around+the+world&rft.pub=3starrestaurants.com&rft.date=2006-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3starrestaurants.com%2Fmichelin-restaurants-star-guide.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">↑</a> Japan overtakes France with more Michelin-starred restaurants, Gilles Campion | Agence France-Presse | Thu 25 November 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.uciprotour.com/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTcxNw&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=34028&LangId=1">http://www.uciprotour.com/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTcxNw&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=34028&LangId=1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?ref_id=NATTEF05401&reg_id=0">Les licences sportives en France</a> – Insee </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170610041323/http://www.france-pub.com/esport.htm">"All you need to know about sport in France"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france-pub.com/esport.htm">the original</a> on 10 មិថុនា 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+you+need+to+know+about+sport+in+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france-pub.com%2Fesport.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100614213618/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_10e_fwcdraw-history_8842.pdf">"History of the World Cup Final Draw"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_10e_fwcdraw-history_8842.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 មិថុនា 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+World+Cup+Final+Draw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Ffifafacts%2Fmcwc%2Fip-201_10e_fwcdraw-history_8842.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606170717/http://www.rugby.com.au/news/2003_april/france_wins_right_to_host_the_2007_rugby_wor_15381,3851.html">France wins right to host the 2007 rugby world cup</a>. Associated Press. 11 April 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718024209/http://www.weightlossdietinformation.com/the-tour-de-france-the-most-famous-bicycle-race-in-the-world.html">"The Tour De France: The Most Famous Bicycle Race In The World"</a>. Weightlossdietinformation.com. 3 January 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weightlossdietinformation.com/the-tour-de-france-the-most-famous-bicycle-race-in-the-world.html">the original</a> on 18 កក្កដា 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tour+De+France%3A+The+Most+Famous+Bicycle+Race+In+The+World&rft.pub=Weightlossdietinformation.com&rft.date=2010-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weightlossdietinformation.com%2Fthe-tour-de-france-the-most-famous-bicycle-race-in-the-world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/sports-science/Ce-Do/Cycling-Tour-de-France.html">"Cycling: Tour de France"</a>. Faqs.org. Retrieved 9 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cycling%3A+Tour+de+France&rft.pub=Faqs.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faqs.org%2Fsports-science%2FCe-Do%2FCycling-Tour-de-France.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">↑</a> (បារាំង) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemans.org/fr/courses/24h/histoire.html">Une course légendaire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116131353/http://www.lemans.org/fr/courses/24h/histoire.html">Archived</a> 2013-01-16 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemans.org/">Site officiel du 24 heures du Mans</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">↑</a> Hill, Christopher R. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=0o-9AAAAIAAJ">Olympic Politics</a>. Manchester University Press ND. p. 5. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/0-7190-4451-0" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/0-7190-4451-0">0-7190-4451-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/?id=0o-9AAAAIAAJ">http://books.google.com/?id=0o-9AAAAIAAJ</a>។ បានយកមក 5 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olympic+Politics&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Christopher+R.&rft.au=Hill%2C%26%2332%3BChristopher+R.&rft.date=1996&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B5&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press+ND&rft.isbn=0-7190-4451-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D0o-9AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Olympic-374">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Olympic_374-0">៣៦៩,០</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olympic_374-1">៣៦៩,១</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olympic_374-2">៣៦៩,២</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/olympic.htm">Olympic History</a> – World Atlas of Travel </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/paris-1900-summer-olympics">"Paris 1900 Summer Olympics. Official Site of the Olympic Movement"</a>. Olympic.org. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paris+1900+Summer+Olympics.+Official+Site+of+the+Olympic+Movement&rft.pub=Olympic.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fparis-1900-summer-olympics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lausanne-tourisme.ch/view.asp?DomID=63416&Language=E">Lausanne, olympic capital</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071006220349/http://www.lausanne-tourisme.ch/view.asp?DomID=63416&Language=E">Archived</a> 2007-10-06 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – Tourism in Lausanne </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fff.fr/common/ressources/217361.pdf">Licenses of the French Football Federation</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/events/1998/worldcup/">"CNN/SI – World Cup"</a>. Sports Illustrated. 1 December 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/events/1998/worldcup/">http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/events/1998/worldcup/</a>។ បានយកមក 22 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CNN%2FSI+%E2%80%93+World+Cup&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.date=1+December+1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Fsoccer%2Fworld%2Fevents%2F1998%2Fworldcup%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">↑</a> Stevenson, Jonathan (9 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm">"Zidane off as Italy win World Cup"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm</a>។ បានយកមក 21 July 2011.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zidane+off+as+Italy+win+World+Cup&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Stevenson%2C%26%2332%3BJonathan&rft.date=9+July+2006&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Fworld_cup_2006%2F4991652.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84">  </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season=1984/index.html">1984: Platini shines for flamboyant France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120507185106/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season%3D1984/index.html">Archived</a> 2012-05-07 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>.. UEFA </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season=2000/index.html">2000: Trezeguet strikes gold for France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028011653/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season%3D2000/index.html">Archived</a> 2011-10-28 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>.. UEFA </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615002946/http://www.123voyage.com/realsw/tosee/rugby.htm">Rugby</a>. 123 Voyage </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="តំណភ្ជាប់ក្រៅ">តំណភ្ជាប់ក្រៅ</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=66" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ តំណភ្ជាប់ក្រៅ">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> The Wikibook <a class="external text" href="https://km.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:Countries_A-Z">Wikijunior:Countries A-Z</a> មាន a page បន្ថែមអំពី <div style="margin-left:10px;"><a class="external text" href="https://km.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:Countries_A-Z/France">France</a> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center">ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែមអំពីFranceលើ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វិគីភីឌា:គម្រោងបងប្អូនវិគីមីឌា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">គម្រោងបងប្អូន</a>របស់វិគីភីឌា: </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//km.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" title="Search Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/25px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></td> <td><a class="external text" href="https://km.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/France">និយមន័យនិងបំណកប្រែ</a>ពីវិគីនានុក្រម </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" title="Search Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></td> <td><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/France">រូបភាពនិងមីឌា</a>ពី Wikimedia Commons </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//km.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" title="Search Wikiversity"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/38px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></a></td> <td><a class="external text" href="https://km.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/France">ប្រភពរៀនសូត្រ</a>ពីវិគីសាកលវិទ្យាល័យ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//km.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" title="Search Wikinews"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></td> <td><a class="external text" href="https://km.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/France">រឿងរ៉ាវព័ត៌មាន</a>ពីវិគីព័ត៌មាន </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//km.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" title="Search Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></td> <td><a class="external text" href="https://km.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/France">សម្រង់ពាក្យសម្ដី</a>ពីវិគីសម្រង់ពាក្យ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//km.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></td> <td><a class="external text" href="https://km.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/France">អត្ថបទប្រភពដើម</a>ពីវិគីប្រភព </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//km.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" title="Search Wikibooks"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td> <td><a class="external text" href="https://km.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/France">សៀវភៅពុម្ព</a>ពីវិគីសៀវភៅ </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17298730">France</a> from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC News (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/france.htm">France</a> at UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Europe/France/">បារាំង</a> នៅ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="គម្រោងបញ្ជីរាយឈ្មោះបើកទូលាយ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">គម្រោងបញ្ជីរាយឈ្មោះបើកទូលាយ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/215768/France">France</a> Encyclopædia Britannica entry</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/france/index_en.htm">France</a> at the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union">EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of France">សៀវភៅផែនទីវិគីមីឌាFrance</a></li> <li><img alt="" 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120103101721/http://service-public.fr/langue/english/">Archived</a> 2012-01-03 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – Links to various administrations and institutions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-f/france.html">Chief of State and Cabinet Members</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501073837/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-f/france.html">Archived</a> 2011-05-01 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. on <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The World Factbook (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">The World Factbook</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/index.asp">Official site of the National Assembly</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Culture</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:En-icon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:En-icon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:En-icon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.french.uiuc.edu/cfc/">Contemporary French Civilization</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308004315/http://www.french.uiuc.edu/CFC/">Archived</a> 2012-03-08 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., journal, University of Illinois.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://us.franceguide.com/">FranceGuide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150617101158/http://www.us.franceguide.com/">Archived</a> 2015-06-17 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>. – Official website of the French Government Tourist Office</li></ul> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:France_topics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:France topics (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:France topics</a> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/25px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/38px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/50px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0px;font-size:113%;"><div style="padding:0px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r274709"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&params=47_N_2_E_type:country_region:FR">47°N 2°E / 47°N 2°E / 47; 2</a> <table class="navbox" style="width: 80%; font-size:95%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="សហរាជាណាចក្រ">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="សហរាជាណាចក្រ">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="បែលហ្ស៊ិក">Belgium</a><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BD" title="លុចសំបួ">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center; padding: 0" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="មហាសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិក">មហាសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិក</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អាល្លឺម៉ង់">Germany</a><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F" title="ស្វីស">Switzerland</a><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8" title="អ៊ីតាលី">Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" />   <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a>    <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%89" title="អេស្ប៉ាញ">Spain</a><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/44px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6" title="អង់ដូរ៉ា">Andorra</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="អាល់ហ្សេរី">Algeria</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%81" title="សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ាណេ">សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ាណេ</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r295763">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_states_with_limited_recognition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of states with limited recognition (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">ហ្វាំងឡង់</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប្រជុំកោះអាឡាំង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប្រជុំកោះអាឡាំង</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">សហរាជាណាចក្រ</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្គីប្រាលតា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្គីប្រាលតា</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BF%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ្គឿនស៊ី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្គឿនស៊ី</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អាយអូហ្វមែន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អាយអូហ្វមែន</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជឺស៊ី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ជឺស៊ី</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Countries_of_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Countries of North America (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:Countries of North America</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Countries_of_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Countries of South America (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:Countries of South America</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Countries_of_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Countries of Africa (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:Countries of Africa</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Countries and territories of Oceania (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:Countries and territories of Oceania</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Mediterranean_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Countries and territories bordering the Mediterranean Sea (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:Countries and territories bordering the Mediterranean Sea</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"> <div style="font-size:110%">International organisations</div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0px;font-size:113%;"><div style="padding:0px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:EU_members&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:EU members (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:EU members</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:G8_nations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:G8 nations (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:G8 nations</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:G20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:G20 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទំព័រគំរូ:G20</a> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295763"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r295589"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:UN_Security_Council" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:UN Security Council"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Security_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Security Council (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Security Council</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Permanent members</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Republic_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Republic of China (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" class="mw-redirect" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Term ends 31 December 2013</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Togo (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Term ends 31 December 2014</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argentina (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australia (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourg (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rwanda (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស៊ែប៊ី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ស៊ែប៊ី</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស្លូវ៉ាគី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ស្លូវ៉ាគី</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស្លូវេនី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ស្លូវេនី</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="ហុងគ្រី">ហុងគ្រី</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B8_(%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ហ៊្សកហ៊្សី (ប្រទេស) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ៊្សកហ៊្សី</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឡេតូនី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឡេតូនី</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="អ៊ុយក្រែន">អ៊ុយក្រែន</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F" title="អូទ្រីស">អូទ្រីស</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>១ សមាជិកទាក់ទង។</li> <li>២ ចាត់ទុកជាបណ្ដោះអាសន្នដោយ បារាំងសព្ទ ជាសាធារណរដ្ឋម៉ាសេដ្វានយូហ៊្គោស្លាវ សូមមើល <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជម្លោះឈ្មោះម៉ាសេដ្វាន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ជម្លោះឈ្មោះម៉ាសេដ្វាន</a>។</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geographic coordinate system (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Coordinates</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r274709"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&params=47_N_2_E_type:country_region:FR">47°N 2°E / 47°N 2°E / 47; 2</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ប្រភពពត៌មាន">ប្រភពពត៌មាន</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=67" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ប្រភពពត៌មាន">កែប្រែ</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="តួកគី">តួកគី</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="អ៊ុយក្រែន">អ៊ុយក្រែន</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="សហរាជាណាចក្រ">សហរាជាណាចក្រ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="បុរីវ៉ាទីកង់">បុរីវ៉ាទីកង់</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" 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