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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Early life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Chinon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Military campaigns </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military_campaigns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Military campaigns subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Military_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orléans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orléans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Orléans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orléans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loire_Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loire_Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Loire Campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loire_Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coronation_and_siege_of_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coronation_and_siege_of_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Coronation and siege of Paris </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coronation_and_siege_of_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_against_Perrinet_Gressart" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_against_Perrinet_Gressart"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Campaign against Perrinet Gressart </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_against_Perrinet_Gressart-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Compiègne_and_capture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Compiègne_and_capture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Siege of Compiègne and capture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Compiègne_and_capture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trials_and_execution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trials_and_execution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Trials and execution </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Trials_and_execution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Trials and execution subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Trials_and_execution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Trial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Execution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Execution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Execution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Execution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath_and_rehabilitation_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath_and_rehabilitation_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Aftermath and rehabilitation trial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath_and_rehabilitation_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Visions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Clothing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_leader_and_symbol_of_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_leader_and_symbol_of_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Military leader and symbol of France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_leader_and_symbol_of_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saint_and_heroic_woman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint_and_heroic_woman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Saint and heroic woman </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_and_heroic_woman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Joan of Arc</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 151 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-151" aria-hidden="true" > 151 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanna_van_Arkel" title="Johanna van Arkel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Johanna van Arkel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Jeanne d’Arc – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jeanne d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A3%E1%8A%95_%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD" title="ዣን ዳርክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዣን ዳርክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83" title="جان دارك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جان دارك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuana_d%27Arco" title="Chuana d'Arco – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chuana d'Arco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6_%D5%BF%27%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%84" title="Ժանն տ'Արք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ժանն տ'Արք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiana_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Jiana d’Arc – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Jiana d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="জোন অফ আৰ্ক – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জোন অফ আৰ্ক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuana_d%27Arcu" title="Xuana d'Arcu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xuana d'Arcu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janna_Dark" title="Janna Dark – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Janna Dark" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="ژان دارک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژان دارک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="জোন অব আর্ক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোন অব আর্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Joan of Arc" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%27%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жана д'Арк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жана д'Арк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Jeanne d’Arc – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jeanne d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivana_Orleanska" title="Ivana Orleanska – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ivana Orleanska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janed_Ark" title="Janed Ark – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Janed Ark" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joana_d%27Arc" title="Joana d'Arc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joana d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_z_Arku" title="Jana z Arku – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jana z Arku" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Jeanne d’Arc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jeanne d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Jeanne d’Arc – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jeanne d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9B%CF%89%CF%81%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ιωάννα της Λωρραίνης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωάννα της Λωρραίνης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Avana_%27d_Arc" title="Śvana 'd Arc – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Śvana 'd Arc" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_de_Arco" title="Juana de Arco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juana de Arco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johana_de_Arko" title="Johana de Arko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johana de Arko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joana_Arc-ekoa" title="Joana Arc-ekoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joana Arc-ekoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="ژان دارک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان دارک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Joan of Arc" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xoana_de_Arco" title="Xoana de Arco – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xoana de Arco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%A5%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="聖女貞德 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="聖女貞德" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%94_%EB%8B%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="잔 다르크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잔 다르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Joan of Arc" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D5%A4%27%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AF" title="Ժաննա դ'Արկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժաննա դ'Արկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="जोन ऑफ़ आर्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोन ऑफ़ आर्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivana_Orleanska" title="Ivana Orleanska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivana Orleanska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_ti_Arko" title="Juana ti Arko – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Juana ti Arko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3hanna_af_%C3%96rk" title="Jóhanna af Örk – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jóhanna af Örk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanna_d%27Arco" title="Giovanna d'Arco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanna d'Arco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%93%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="ז'אן ד'ארק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אן ד'ארק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೋನ್ ಆಫ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೋನ್ ಆಫ್ ಆರ್ಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E2%80%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ჟანა დ’არკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟანა დ’არკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jowanet_Ark" title="Jowanet Ark – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jowanet Ark" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%27%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д'Арк – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жанна д'Арк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioanna_Arcensis" title="Ioanna Arcensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioanna Arcensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDanna_d%27Arka" title="Žanna d'Arka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žanna d'Arka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDana_d%27Ark" title="Žana d'Ark – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žana d'Ark" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zana_d%27%C3%86rco" title="Zana d'Ærco – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Zana d'Ærco" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joana_de_Arco" title="Joana de Arco – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Joana de Arco" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gioanna_d%27Arch" title="Gioanna d'Arch – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gioanna d'Arch" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Jeanne d’Arc – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jeanne d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="जोन अफ अर्क – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जोन अफ अर्क" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Јованка Орлеанка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јованка Орлеанка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോൻ ഓഫ് ആർക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോൻ ഓഫ് ആർക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="जोन ऑफ आर्क – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जोन ऑफ आर्क" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%27%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ჟანა დ'არკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჟანა დ'არკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83" title="جان دارك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جان دارك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="جان دارک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جان دارک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joana_d%27Arc" title="Joana d'Arc – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Joana d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%A1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျုန်းအော့အတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျုန်းအော့အတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="जोन अफ अर्क – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जोन अफ अर्क" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8C%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="ジャンヌ・ダルク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャンヌ・ダルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Jeanne d’Arc – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jeanne d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Jeanne d’Arc – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Jeanne d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joana_d%27Arc" title="Joana d'Arc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joana d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AB_%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95" title="ଜୋଆନ ଅଫ ଆର୍କ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜୋଆନ ଅଫ ଆର୍କ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janna_d%CA%BCArk" title="Janna dʼArk – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Janna dʼArk" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95" title="ਜੌਨ ਆਫ਼ ਆਰਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੌਨ ਆਫ਼ ਆਰਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="جون آف آرک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جون آف آرک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86" title="د آرک ژان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د آرک ژان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Joan of Arc" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gioana_d%27Arch" title="Gioana d'Arch – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gioana d'Arch" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Jeanne d’Arc – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jeanne d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Joanna d’Arc – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Joanna d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joana_d%27Arc" title="Joana d'Arc – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joana d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioana_d%27Arc" title="Ioana d'Arc – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ioana d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Яна з Арку – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Яна з Арку" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0" title="ᱡᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨᱠ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨᱠ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuanna_de_Arcu" title="Giuanna de Arcu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Giuanna de Arcu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_o_Arc" title="Joan o Arc – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Joan o Arc" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhan_d%27Ark" title="Zhan d'Ark – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zhan d'Ark" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuvanna_d%27Arcu" title="Giuvanna d'Arcu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giuvanna d'Arcu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%94%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="ජෝන් ඔෆ් ආර්ක් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෝන් ඔෆ් ආර්ක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Joan of Arc" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_z_Arku" title="Jana z Arku – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jana z Arku" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivana_Orleanska" title="Ivana Orleanska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ivana Orleanska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="ژان دارک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژان دارک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Јованка Орлеанка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јованка Орлеанка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc" title="Jeanne d’Arc – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jeanne d’Arc" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_ng_Arko" title="Juana ng Arko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Juana ng Arko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜோன் ஆஃப் ஆர்க் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜோன் ஆஃப் ஆர்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д’Арк – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Жанна д’Арк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="జోన్ ఆఫ్ ఆర్క్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జోన్ ఆఫ్ ఆర్క్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8C%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="ฌานแห่งอาร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฌานแห่งอาร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%27%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жанна д'Арк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жанна д'Арк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="جون آف آرک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جون آف آرک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joana_d%27Arco" title="Joana d'Arco – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Joana d'Arco" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDanna_d%27Ark" title="Žanna d'Ark – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Žanna d'Ark" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Jeanne d'Arc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jeanne d'Arc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%A5%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="聖女貞德 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="聖女貞德" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_han_Arko" title="Juana han Arko – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Juana han Arko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A5%B3%E8%B4%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="圣女贞德 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣女贞德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%93%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="זשאן ד'ארק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זשאן ד'ארק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%A5%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="聖女貞德 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖女貞德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDana_d%27Ark" title="Žana d'Ark – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žana d'Ark" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%A5%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="聖女貞德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖女貞德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jeanne d'Arc (disambiguation)">Jeanne d'Arc (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Joan of Arc (disambiguation)">Joan of Arc (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jehanne_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jehanne (disambiguation)">Jehanne (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div> <div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Joan of Arc</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of a woman dressed in silver armor, holding a sword and a banner." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/220px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/330px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/440px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="2700" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Historiated_initial" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiated initial">Historiated initial</a> depicting Joan of Arc<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1412 <a href="/wiki/Domr%C3%A9my-la-Pucelle" title="Domrémy-la-Pucelle">Domrémy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Duchy of Bar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 May 1431 (aged <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>approx. 19) <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dual_monarchy_of_England_and_France" title="Dual monarchy of England and France">English-held Normandy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Calendar2021-3">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beatified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18 April 1909 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 May 1920 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30 May</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeanne_d%27Arc_signature_16_mars_1430.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jeanne_d%27Arc_signature_16_mars_1430.svg/100px-Jeanne_d%27Arc_signature_16_mars_1430.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jeanne_d%27Arc_signature_16_mars_1430.svg/150px-Jeanne_d%27Arc_signature_16_mars_1430.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jeanne_d%27Arc_signature_16_mars_1430.svg/200px-Jeanne_d%27Arc_signature_16_mars_1430.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="954" /></a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Joan of Arc (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Jeanne d'Arc <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒan daʁk]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Middle_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle French language">Middle French</a>: Jehanne Darc <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ʒəˈãnə ˈdark]</a>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1412 – 30 May 1431) is a <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">siege of Orléans</a> and her insistence on the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_French_monarch" title="Coronation of the French monarch">coronation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>. Claiming to be acting under divine guidance, she became a military leader who transcended gender roles and gained recognition as a savior of France. Joan was born to a propertied peasant family at <a href="/wiki/Domr%C3%A9my-la-Pucelle" title="Domrémy-la-Pucelle">Domrémy</a> in northeast France. In 1428, she requested to be taken to Charles VII, later testifying that she was guided by visions from the <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Michael">archangel Michael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_the_Virgin" title="Margaret the Virgin">Saint Margaret</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">Saint Catherine</a> to help him save France from English domination. Convinced of her devotion and purity, Charles sent Joan, who was about seventeen years old, to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief army. She arrived at the city in April 1429, wielding her banner and bringing hope to the demoralized French army. Nine days after her arrival, the English abandoned the siege. Joan encouraged the French to aggressively pursue the English during the <a href="/wiki/Loire_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Loire Campaign">Loire Campaign</a>, which culminated in another decisive <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Patay" title="Battle of Patay">victory at Patay</a>, opening the way for the French army to advance on <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> unopposed, where Charles was crowned as the King of France with Joan at his side. These victories boosted French morale, paving the way for their final triumph in the Hundred Years' War several decades later. After Charles's coronation, Joan participated in the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1429)" title="Siege of Paris (1429)">siege of Paris</a> in September 1429 and the failed <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Charit%C3%A9" title="Siege of La Charité">siege of La Charité</a> in November. Her role in these defeats reduced the court's faith in her. In early 1430, Joan organized a company of volunteers to relieve <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Siege of Compiègne">Compiègne</a>, which had been besieged by the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_(party)" title="Burgundian (party)">Burgundians</a>—French allies of the English. She was captured by Burgundian troops on 23 May. After trying unsuccessfully to escape, she was handed to the English in November. She was put on <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Trial of Joan of Arc">trial</a> by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cauchon" title="Pierre Cauchon">Pierre Cauchon</a> on accusations of <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>, which included blaspheming by wearing men's clothes, acting upon visions that were demonic, and refusing to submit her words and deeds to the judgment of the church. She was declared guilty and <a href="/wiki/Death_by_burning" title="Death by burning">burned at the stake</a> on 30 May 1431, aged about nineteen. In 1456, an inquisitorial court reinvestigated Joan's trial and overturned the verdict, declaring that it was tainted by deceit and procedural errors. Joan has been described as an obedient daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, an early feminist, and a symbol of freedom and independence. She is popularly revered as a martyr. After the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, she became a national symbol of France. In 1920, Joan of Arc was <a href="/wiki/Canonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonized">canonized</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a> and, two years later, was declared one of the patron saints of France. She is portrayed in <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc">numerous cultural works</a>, including literature, music, paintings, sculptures, and theater. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div> <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc%27s_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan of Arc's name">Joan of Arc's name</a> was written in a variety of ways. There is no standard spelling of her name before the sixteenth century; her last name was usually written as "Darc" without an apostrophe, but there are variants such as "Tarc", "Dart" or "Day". Her father's name was written as "Tart" at her trial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220–221]-4">[3]</a> She was called "Jeanne d'Ay de Domrémy" in Charles VII's 1429 letter granting her a coat of arms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage81_81]-5">[4]</a> Joan may never have heard herself called "Jeanne d'Arc". The first written record of her being called by this name is in 1455, 24 years after her death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220–221]-4">[3]</a> She was not taught to read and write in her childhood,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage20_21]-6">[5]</a> and so dictated her letters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220]-7">[6]</a> She may later have learned to sign her name, as some of her letters are signed, and she may even have learned to read.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage268_268]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage247_247]-8">[7]</a> Joan referred to herself in the letters as Jeanne la Pucelle ("Joan the Maiden") or as la Pucelle ("the Maiden"), emphasizing her virginity, and she signed "Jehanne". In the sixteenth century, she became known as the "Maid of Orleans".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220]-7">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birth_and_historical_background">Birth and historical background</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hundred_Years_War_1429_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map of France, divided into various sections" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hundred_Years_War_1429_copy.jpg/220px-Hundred_Years_War_1429_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hundred_Years_War_1429_copy.jpg/330px-Hundred_Years_War_1429_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hundred_Years_War_1429_copy.jpg/440px-Hundred_Years_War_1429_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1670" data-file-height="2038" /></a><figcaption>France, 1429<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpagen19_xviii]-9">[8]</a> <hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Controlled by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Controlled by <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Good" title="Philip the Good">Philip III of Burgundy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Controlled by <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a></div></figcaption></figure> Joan of Arc was born c. 1412<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage10_10]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage55_55]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage278_278]_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage10_10]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage55_55]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage278_278]-10">[9]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Domr%C3%A9my-la-Pucelle" title="Domrémy-la-Pucelle">Domrémy</a>, a small village in the Meuse valley now in the <a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges department</a> in the north-east of France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDLP2021Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage10_10]-11">[10]</a> Her date of birth is unknown and her statements about her age were vague.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage10_10]-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[b]</a> Her parents were <a href="/wiki/Jacques_d%27Arc" title="Jacques d'Arc">Jacques d'Arc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Rom%C3%A9e" title="Isabelle Romée">Isabelle Romée</a>. Joan had three brothers and a sister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page36_36]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage8_8]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT24_24]_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page36_36]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage8_8]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT24_24]-17">[15]</a> Her father was a peasant farmer<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespagen15_1]-18">[16]</a> with about 50 acres (20 ha) of land,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage221_221]-19">[17]</a> and he supplemented the family income as a village official, collecting taxes and heading the local <a href="/wiki/Watchman_(law_enforcement)" title="Watchman (law enforcement)">watch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen33_19–20]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage221_221]-20">[18]</a> She was born during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> between England and France, which had begun in 1337<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAberth2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrombrinkofapoca0000aberpage50_50]-21">[19]</a> over the status of English territories in France and <a href="/wiki/English_claims_to_the_French_throne" title="English claims to the French throne">English claims to the French throne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAberth2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrombrinkofapoca0000aberpage61_61]Perroy1959[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearswar0000perrpage69_69]-22">[20]</a> Nearly all the fighting had taken place in France, devastating its economy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAberth2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrombrinkofapoca0000aberpage85_85–86]-23">[21]</a> At the time of Joan's birth, France was divided politically. The French king <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a> had recurring bouts of mental illness and was often unable to rule;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeward1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000sewapage143_143–144]-24">[22]</a> his brother <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Valois,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans">Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">Duke of Orléans</a>, and his cousin <a href="/wiki/John_the_Fearless" title="John the Fearless">John the Fearless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Duke of Burgundy</a>, quarreled over the regency of France. In 1407, the Duke of Burgundy ordered the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Louis_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Assassination of Louis I, Duke of Orléans">assassination of the Duke of Orléans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage5_5]-25">[23]</a> precipitating a civil war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeward1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000sewapage144_144]-26">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles, Duke of Orléans">Charles of Orléans</a> succeeded his father as duke at the age of thirteen and was placed in the custody of <a href="/wiki/Bernard_VII,_Count_of_Armagnac" title="Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac">Bernard, Count of Armagnac</a>; his supporters became known as "<a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(party)" title="Armagnac (party)">Armagnacs</a>", while supporters of the Duke of Burgundy became known as "<a href="/wiki/Burgundian_(party)" title="Burgundian (party)">Burgundians</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage5_5]-25">[23]</a> The future French king <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a> had assumed the title of <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a> (heir to the throne) after the deaths of his four older brothers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage168_168]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage21_21]-27">[25]</a> and was associated with the Armagnacs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage22_22],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage25_25]-28">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V of England</a> exploited France's internal divisions when he invaded in 1415.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page19_19–22]Tuchman1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdistantmirrorcal00tuchpage583_583–585]-29">[27]</a> The Burgundians took <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1418.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage29_29]Sizer2007-30">[28]</a> In 1419, the Dauphin offered a truce to negotiate peace with the Duke of Burgundy, but the duke was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_the_Fearless" title="Assassination of John the Fearless">assassinated by Charles's Armagnac partisans</a> during the negotiations. The new duke of Burgundy, <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Good" title="Philip the Good">Philip the Good</a>, allied with the English.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage26_26–27]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage142_142]-31">[29]</a> Charles VI accused the Dauphin of murdering the Duke of Burgundy and declared him unfit to inherit the French throne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage29_29]-32">[30]</a> During a period of illness, Charles's wife <a href="/wiki/Isabeau_of_Bavaria" title="Isabeau of Bavaria">Isabeau of Bavaria</a> stood in for him and signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes" title="Treaty of Troyes">Treaty of Troyes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibbons1996[httpswwwjstororgstable3679229seq21_71]-33">[31]</a> which gave their daughter <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" title="Catherine of Valois">Catherine of Valois</a> in marriage to Henry V, granted the succession of the French throne to their heirs, and effectively disinherited the Dauphin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage28_28–29]-34">[32]</a> This caused rumors that the Dauphin was not King Charles VI's son, but the offspring of an adulterous affair between Isabeau and the murdered duke of Orléans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage189_189]-35">[33]</a> In 1422, Henry V and Charles VI died within two months of each other; the 9-month-old <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a> was the nominal heir of the <a href="/wiki/Dual_monarchy_of_England_and_France" title="Dual monarchy of England and France">Anglo-French dual monarchy</a> as agreed in the treaty, but the Dauphin also claimed the French throne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurryHoskinsRichardsonSpencer2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtcompani0000currpage105_105]-36">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contemporaine_afb_jeanne_d_arc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Joan in dress facing left in profile, holding banner in her right hand and sheathed sword in her left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Contemporaine_afb_jeanne_d_arc.png/170px-Contemporaine_afb_jeanne_d_arc.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Contemporaine_afb_jeanne_d_arc.png/255px-Contemporaine_afb_jeanne_d_arc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Contemporaine_afb_jeanne_d_arc.png/340px-Contemporaine_afb_jeanne_d_arc.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>Earliest extant representation of Joan of Arc;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage240_240–241]-37">[35]</a> drawing by Clément de Fauquembergue (May 1429, French National Archives)<a href="#cite_note-39">[c]</a></figcaption></figure> In her youth, Joan did household chores, spun wool, helped her father in the fields and looked after their animals. Her mother provided Joan's religious education.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage21_21]-40">[37]</a> Much of Domrémy lay in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Duchy of Bar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen29_15]-41">[38]</a> whose precise feudal status was unclear;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page89_89]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen29_15–16]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage24_24–25]_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page89_89]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen29_15–16]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage24_24–25]-42">[39]</a> though surrounded by pro-Burgundian lands, its people were loyal to the Armagnac cause.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage171_171]-43">[40]</a> By 1419, the war had affected the area,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage20_20]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen35_21–22]-44">[41]</a> and in 1425, Domrémy was attacked and cattle were stolen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage20_20]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage266_266]-45">[42]</a> This led to a sentiment among villagers that the English must be expelled from France to achieve peace. Joan had her first vision after this raid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen41_28–29]-46">[43]</a> Joan later testified that when she was thirteen, c. 1425, a figure she identified as <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Saint Michael</a> surrounded by angels appeared to her in the garden.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage34_34–35]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage53_53–54]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT26_26]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT27_27]_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage34_34–35]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage53_53–54]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT26_26]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT27_27]-47">[44]</a> After this vision, she said she wept because she wanted them to take her with them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage22_22]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage113_113]-48">[45]</a> Throughout her life, she had visions of St. Michael,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage113_113]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage58_58]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage88_88]_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage113_113]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage58_58]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage88_88]-49">[46]</a> a patron saint of the Domrémy area who was seen as a defender of France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage18_18]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage132_132]_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage18_18]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage132_132]-50">[47]</a> She stated that she had these visions frequently and that she often had them when the church bells were rung.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage18_18]-51">[48]</a> Her visions also included St. Margaret and St. Catherine; although Joan never specified, they were probably <a href="/wiki/Margaret_the_Virgin" title="Margaret the Virgin">Margaret of Antioch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">Catherine of Alexandria</a>—those most known in the area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage113_113]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage88_88–89]-52">[49]</a> Both were known as <a href="/wiki/Virginity#Christianity" title="Virginity">virgin</a> saints who strove against powerful enemies, were tortured and <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyred</a> for their beliefs, and preserved their virtue to the death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Dworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage115_115–117]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage102_102–104]_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Dworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage115_115–117]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage102_102–104]-53">[50]</a> Joan testified that she swore a vow of virginity to these voices.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Dworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage107_107]-54">[51]</a> When a young man from her village alleged that she had broken a promise of marriage, Joan stated that she had made him no promises,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage25_25–26]-55">[52]</a> and his case was dismissed by an ecclesiastical court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage33_33]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage119_119]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen47_24]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage14_14]_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage33_33]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage119_119]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen47_24]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage14_14]-56">[53]</a> During Joan's youth, a prophecy circulating in the French countryside, based on the visions of <a href="/wiki/Marie_Robine_of_Avignon" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Robine of Avignon">Marie Robine of Avignon</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Robine" class="extiw" title="fr:Marie Robine">fr</a>], promised an armed virgin would come forth to save France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage64_64]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT34_34]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage25_25–26]_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage64_64]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT34_34]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage25_25–26]-57">[54]</a> Another prophecy, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a>, stated that a virgin carrying a banner would put an end to France's suffering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage60_60]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage7_7]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage19_19]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage26_26]_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage60_60]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage7_7]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage19_19]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage26_26]-58">[55]</a> Joan implied she was this promised maiden, reminding the people around her that there was a saying that France would be destroyed by a woman but would be restored by a virgin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page40Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage9_9]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage44_44]_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page40Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage9_9]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage44_44]-59">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[d]</a> In May 1428,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage17_17]-63">[59]</a> she asked her uncle to take her to the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Vaucouleurs" title="Vaucouleurs">Vaucouleurs</a>, where she petitioned the garrison commander, <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Baudricourt" title="Robert de Baudricourt">Robert de Baudricourt</a>, for an armed escort to the Armagnac court at <a href="/wiki/Chinon" title="Chinon">Chinon</a>. Baudricourt harshly refused and sent her home.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page40_40–41]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage56_56–57]-64">[60]</a> In July, Domrémy was raided by Burgundian forces<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen47_33–34]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage16_16–17]-65">[61]</a> which set fire to the town, destroyed the crops, and forced Joan, her family and the other townspeople to flee.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage103_103]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage26_26]-66">[62]</a> She returned to Vaucouleurs in January 1429. Her petition was refused again,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage34_34]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage18_18]-67">[63]</a> but by this time she had gained the support of two of Baudricourt's soldiers, <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Metz" title="Jean de Metz">Jean de Metz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_de_Poulengy" title="Bertrand de Poulengy">Bertrand de Poulengy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage56_56],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage5668_68]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen56_42–43]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage88_88–90]_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage56_56],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage5668_68]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen56_42–43]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage88_88–90]-68">[64]</a> Meanwhile, she was summoned to <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> under safe conduct by <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Charles II, Duke of Lorraine">Charles II, Duke of Lorraine</a>, who had heard about Joan during her stay at Vaucouleurs. The duke was ill and thought she might have supernatural powers that could cure him. She offered no cures, but reprimanded him for living with his mistress.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage18_18–19]-69">[65]</a> Henry V's brothers, <a href="/wiki/John_of_Lancaster,_1st_Duke_of_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford">John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Humphrey,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester">Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester</a>, had continued the English conquest of France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page27_27–28]-70">[66]</a> Most of northern France, Paris, and parts of southwestern France were under Anglo-Burgundian control. The Burgundians controlled <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>, the traditional site for the coronation of French kings; Charles had not yet been <a href="/wiki/Coronation#Middle_Ages" title="Coronation">crowned</a>, and doing so at Reims would help legitimize his claim to the throne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage76_67]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage56_56]-71">[67]</a> In July 1428, the English had started to surround Orléans and had nearly isolated it from the rest of Charles's territory by capturing many of the smaller bridge towns on the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> River.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage97_97–98]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page29_29]-72">[68]</a> Orléans was strategically important as the last obstacle to an assault on the remainder of Charles's territory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page29_29]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage10_10]-73">[69]</a> According to Joan's later testimony, it was around this period that her visions told her to leave Domrémy to help the Dauphin Charles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage30_30]Goldstone2012[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidqueensecreth0000goldpage99_99–100]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage70_70]_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage30_30]Goldstone2012[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidqueensecreth0000goldpage99_99–100]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage70_70]-74">[70]</a> Baudricourt agreed to a third meeting with Joan in February 1429, around the time the English captured an Armagnac relief convoy at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Herrings" title="Battle of the Herrings">Battle of the Herrings</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">Siege of Orléans</a>. Their conversations,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen61_47]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage96_96–97]-75">[71]</a> along with Metz and Poulengy's support,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page89_89]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage36_36]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage20_20]_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page89_89]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage36_36]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage20_20]-76">[72]</a> convinced Baudricourt to allow her to go to Chinon for an audience with the Dauphin. Joan traveled with an escort of six soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage36_36]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen62_48]-77">[73]</a> Before leaving, Joan put on men's clothes,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage35_35]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage32_32–33]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage143_143–144]_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage35_35]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage32_32–33]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage143_143–144]-78">[74]</a> which were provided by her escorts and the people of Vaucouleurs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen61_47]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage33_33]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage19_19–20]_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen61_47]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage33_33]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage19_19–20]-79">[75]</a> She continued to wear men's clothes for the remainder of her life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_298]-80">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chinon">Chinon</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KarlVII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Miniature of Charles the seventh of France." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/KarlVII.jpg/170px-KarlVII.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/KarlVII.jpg/255px-KarlVII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/KarlVII.jpg/340px-KarlVII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3307" data-file-height="4025" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouquet</a> (c. 1444, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris)</figcaption></figure> Charles VII met Joan for the first time at the Royal Court in Chinon in late February or early March 1429,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage46_46]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage22_22]-81">[77]</a> when she was seventeen<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT29_29]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage4_4]-82">[78]</a> and he was twenty-six.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage40_40]-83">[79]</a> She told him that she had come to raise the siege of Orléans and to lead him to Reims for his coronation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page90_91]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage50_50]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen71_57]_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page90_91]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage50_50]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen71_57]-84">[80]</a> They had a private exchange that made a strong impression on Charles; <a href="/wiki/Jean_Pasquerel" title="Jean Pasquerel">Jean Pasquerel</a>, Joan's confessor, later testified that Joan told him she had reassured the Dauphin that he was Charles VI's son and the legitimate king.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page48_48]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage51_51]-85">[81]</a> Charles and his council needed more assurance,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage53_53]-86">[82]</a> sending Joan to <a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> to be examined by a council of theologians, who declared that she was a good person and a good Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page96_96]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage53_53]-87">[83]</a> They did not render a decision on the source of Joan's inspiration, but agreed that sending her to Orléans could be useful to the king<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page50_50]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage34_34]-88">[84]</a> and would test whether her inspiration was of divine origin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage108_108]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage56_56]-89">[85]</a> Joan was then sent to Tours to be physically examined by women directed by Charles's mother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Aragon" title="Yolande of Aragon">Yolande of Aragon</a>, who verified her virginity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage54_54]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage76_76]-90">[86]</a> This was to establish if she could indeed be the prophesied virgin savior of France,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage107_107]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage55_55]-91">[87]</a> to show the purity of her devotion,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage107_107]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage31_31]-92">[88]</a> and to ensure she had not consorted with the Devil.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage55_55]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage138_138]-93">[89]</a> The Dauphin, reassured by the results of these tests, commissioned <a href="/wiki/Plate_armour" title="Plate armour">plate armor</a> for her. She designed her own banner and had a sword brought to her from under the altar in the church at <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois" title="Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois">Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page50_50–51]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage59_59–60]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage36_36–37]_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page50_50–51]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage59_59–60]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage36_36–37]-94">[90]</a> Around this time she began calling herself "Joan the Maiden", emphasizing her virginity as a sign of her mission.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220]-7">[6]</a> Before Joan's arrival at Chinon, the Armagnac strategic situation was bad but not hopeless.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage54_54]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage55_55]-95">[91]</a> The Armagnac forces were prepared to endure a prolonged siege at Orléans,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage43_43–44]-96">[92]</a> the Burgundians had recently withdrawn from the siege due to disagreements about territory,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage108_108]-97">[93]</a> and the English were debating whether to continue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage55_55]-98">[94]</a> Nonetheless, after almost a century of war, the Armagnacs were demoralized.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page29_29]-99">[95]</a> Once Joan joined the Dauphin's cause, her personality began to raise their spirits,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage39_39]-100">[96]</a> inspiring devotion and the hope of divine assistance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage103_103–104]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage31_31]-101">[97]</a> Her belief in the divine origin of her mission turned the longstanding Anglo-French conflict over inheritance into a religious war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage55_55]-98">[94]</a> Before beginning the journey to Orléans, Joan dictated a letter to the Duke of Bedford warning him that she was sent by God to drive him out of France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage78_78–79]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage34_34–35]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage34_34–35]_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage78_78–79]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage34_34–35]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage34_34–35]-102">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_campaigns">Military campaigns</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orléans">Orléans</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scherrer_jeanne_enters_orlean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Joan of Arc on horseback with armor and holding banner being greeted by the people of Orléans." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Scherrer_jeanne_enters_orlean.jpg/220px-Scherrer_jeanne_enters_orlean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Scherrer_jeanne_enters_orlean.jpg/330px-Scherrer_jeanne_enters_orlean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Scherrer_jeanne_enters_orlean.jpg/440px-Scherrer_jeanne_enters_orlean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>Joan of Arc enters Orléans by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Scherrer" title="Jean-Jacques Scherrer">Jean-Jacques Scherrer</a> (1887, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans">Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans</a>)</figcaption></figure> In the last week of April 1429, Joan set out from <a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> as part of an army carrying supplies for the relief of Orléans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage110_110]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page71_71]-103">[99]</a> She arrived there on 29 April<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage114_114]-104">[100]</a> and met the commander <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Dunois" title="Jean de Dunois">Jean de Dunois</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(family_law)" title="Legitimacy (family law)">Bastard</a> of Orléans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage50_50]-105">[101]</a> Orléans was not completely cut off, and Dunois got her into the city, where she was greeted enthusiastically.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage114_114–115]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage72_72]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage40_40–41]_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage114_114–115]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage72_72]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage40_40–41]-106">[102]</a> Joan was initially treated as a figurehead to raise morale,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage118_118]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage64_64]-107">[103]</a> flying her banner on the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage168_168]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage114_114]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage68_68]_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage168_168]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage114_114]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage68_68]-108">[104]</a> She was not given any formal command<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage39_39]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page76_76]-109">[105]</a> or included in military councils<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage71_71],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage75_75]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage39_39]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage64_64]_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage71_71],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage75_75]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage39_39]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage64_64]-110">[106]</a> but quickly gained the support of the Armagnac troops. She always seemed to be present where the fighting was most intense, she frequently stayed with the front ranks, and she gave them a sense she was fighting for their salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage4_4]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage230_230]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage40_40]_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage4_4]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage230_230]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage40_40]-111">[107]</a> Armagnac commanders would sometimes accept the advice she gave them, such as deciding what position to attack, when to continue an assault, and how to place artillery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page103_103–104]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage86_86]-112">[108]</a> On 4 May, the Armagnacs went on the offensive, attacking the outlying bastille de Saint-Loup (fortress of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Braye" title="Saint-Jean-de-Braye">Saint Loup</a>). Once Joan learned of the attack, she rode out with her banner to the site of the battle, a mile east of Orléans. She arrived as the Armagnac soldiers were retreating after a failed assault. Her appearance rallied the soldiers, who attacked again and took the fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage116_116]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage74_74–75]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage43_43–44]_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage116_116]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage74_74–75]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage43_43–44]-113">[109]</a> On 5 May, no combat occurred since it was <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension Thursday">Ascension Thursday</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a>. She dictated another letter to the English warning them to leave France and had it tied to a <a href="/wiki/Crossbow_bolt" title="Crossbow bolt">bolt</a>, which was fired by a crossbowman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage150_150–151]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage57_57]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage43_44]_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage150_150–151]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage57_57]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage43_44]-114">[110]</a> The Armagnacs resumed their offensive on 6 May, capturing <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-le-Blanc,_Loiret" title="Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, Loiret">Saint-Jean-le-Blanc</a>, which the English had deserted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage117_117]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45]-115">[111]</a> The Armagnac commanders wanted to stop, but Joan encouraged them to launch an <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans#Assault_on_the_Augustines" title="Siege of Orléans">assault on les Augustins</a>, an English fortress built around a monastery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage117_117]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage58_58]_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage117_117]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage58_58]-116">[112]</a> After its capture,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage118_118]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page82_82–85]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45–46]_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage118_118]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page82_82–85]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45–46]-117">[113]</a> the Armagnac commanders wanted to consolidate their gains, but Joan again argued for continuing the offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page85_85]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage78_78]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage46_46]_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page85_85]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage78_78]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage46_46]-118">[114]</a> On the morning of 7 May, the Armagnacs attacked the main English stronghold, les Tourelles. Joan was wounded by an arrow between the neck and shoulder while holding her banner in the trench on the south bank of the river but later returned to encourage the final assault that took the fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage79_79–78]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage47_47]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage61_61]_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage79_79–78]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage47_47]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage61_61]-119">[115]</a> The English retreated from Orléans on 8 May, ending the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage119_119]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page91_91]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage81_81]_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage119_119]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page91_91]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage81_81]-120">[116]</a> At Chinon, Joan had declared that she was sent by God.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage22_22]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage63_63]-121">[117]</a> At Poitiers, when she was asked to show a sign demonstrating this claim, she replied that it would be given if she were brought to Orléans. The lifting of the siege was interpreted by many people to be that sign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage56_56]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage63_63]-122">[118]</a> Prominent clergy such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_G%C3%A9lu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Gélu (page does not exist)">Jacques Gélu</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_G%C3%A9lu" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques Gélu">fr</a>], <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Embrun" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Embrun">Archbishop of Embrun</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidul8dKmHXYt0CpgPA87_87]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidul8dKmHXYt0CpgPA88_88]-123">[119]</a> and the theologian <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gerson" title="Jean Gerson">Jean Gerson</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage80_80–81]-124">[120]</a> wrote treatises in support of Joan after this victory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELang1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidoffrancebein00languoftpage146_146–147]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage63_63]-125">[121]</a> In contrast, the English saw the ability of this peasant girl to defeat their armies as proof she was possessed by the devil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyd1986[httpswwwjstororgstable20716744seq5_116]DeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage10_10]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage87_87]Seward1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000sewapage213_213–214]_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyd1986[httpswwwjstororgstable20716744seq5_116]DeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage10_10]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage87_87]Seward1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000sewapage213_213–214]-126">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loire_Campaign">Loire Campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc.svg/22px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc.svg/33px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc.svg/44px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="354" /> Joan of Arc</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Conflict</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 235px;"><div class="center" style="font-weight:bold">Important locations</div><div class="thumbinner noresize" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; outline:0px; border:0px; padding:0px; height: 160px; width: 235px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 235px; height: 160px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm" data-width="235" data-height="160" data-zoom="5" data-lat="48" data-lon="2" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/48/2/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm,5,48,2,235x160.png?lang=en" width="235" height="160" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm,5,48,2,235x160@2x.png?lang=en 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: -37.5px; left: 0px; width: 235px; height: 235px; transform: rotate(0deg); border-radius: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF00; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 73px; left: -2px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 142px; left: 222px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright" title="About OpenStreetMaps" rel="nofollow"><img alt="About OpenStreetMaps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 142px; left: 125px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Maps_Terms_of_Use" title="Maps: terms of use"><img alt="Maps: terms of use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 2.297297297295px; left: 3px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="none" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Joan_of_Arc_overlay_file.png/232px-Joan_of_Arc_overlay_file.png" decoding="async" width="232" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Joan_of_Arc_overlay_file.png 1.5x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="160" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 73px; left: 236.5px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 26.517625291457px; left: 93.663388131011px; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #000000; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 33.517625291457px; left: 98.163388131011px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> Rouen</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 26.517625291457px; left: 93.663388131011px; width: 7px; height: 7px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen"><img alt="Rouen- Joan's final prison, place of trail and execution: 25 December 1430–30 May 1431." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/9px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/14px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: -1.2491024959755px; left: 151.35995303056px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: -0.24910249597548px; left: 135.85995303056px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras"><img alt="Arras- Joan imprisoned here after her second escape attempt: November–December 1430" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 9.184280975619px; left: 163.49556214107px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 10.184280975619px; left: 147.99556214107px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Beaurevoir" title="Beaurevoir"><img alt="Beaurevoir- Joan imprisoned here after her first escape attempt; Jumps from tower in another escape attempt: June–November 1430." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 21.224905436359px; left: 154.41217320873px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 22.224905436359px; left: 138.91217320873px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-les-Fontaines" title="Beaulieu-les-Fontaines"><img alt="Beaulieu-les-Fontaines- Joan is imprisoned in the castle keep and attempts to escape: May–June 1430." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 27.174936490646px; left: 133.35484400387px; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #DB3123; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 33.174936490646px; left: 152.35484400387px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 27.174936490646px; left: 133.35484400387px; width: 7px; height: 7px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Margny-l%C3%A8s-Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Margny-lès-Compiègne"><img alt="Margny- Site of Joan's capture by Burgundians: 23 May 1430." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/9px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/14px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 27.573707756397px; left: 133.27584805777px; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #e41a1c; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 26.573707756397px; left: 126.27584805777px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> Compiègne</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 27.573707756397px; left: 133.27584805777px; width: 7px; height: 7px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Siege of Compiègne"><img alt="Siege of Compiègne: 14–23 May 1493" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/9px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/14px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 48.667539662949px; left: 149.69989329375px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 49.667539662949px; left: 134.19989329375px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Lagny-sur-Marne" title="Lagny-sur-Marne"><img alt="Lagny- Site of battle against Franquet D'Arras: April 1430." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 60.40300327148px; left: 148.61226794894px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 61.40300327148px; left: 133.11226794894px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun"><img alt="Melun- Liberated by Joan's forces: April 1430." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 104.67717953301px; left: 137.85532319381px; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #984ea3; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 103.17717953301px; left: 146.35532319381px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> La Charité</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 104.67717953301px; left: 137.85532319381px; width: 7px; height: 7px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Charit%C3%A9" title="Siege of La Charité"><img alt="Siege of La Charité: 24 November–25 December 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/9px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/14px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 119.93058268988px; left: 159.14506076183px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 120.93058268988px; left: 143.64506076183px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saint-Pierre-le-Mo%C3%BBtier" title="Siege of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier"><img alt="Siege of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier: October–November 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 46.821971593169px; left: 121.82716021767px; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #377eb8; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 54.821971593169px; left: 134.82716021767px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> Paris</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 46.821971593169px; left: 121.82716021767px; width: 7px; height: 7px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1429)" title="Siege of Paris (1429)"><img alt="Siege of Paris: 3–8 September 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/9px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/14px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 31.344463816333px; left: 159.48167263082px; width: 10px; height: 10px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #377eb8; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 32.344463816333px; left: 168.98167263082px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> Reims</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 31.344463816333px; left: 159.48167263082px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/March_to_Reims" title="March to Reims"><img alt="Joan and Charles arrive at Reims: 16 July 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 77.973113618802px; left: 126.63078729594px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 78.973113618802px; left: 111.13078729594px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Patay" title="Battle of Patay"><img alt="Battle of Patay: 18 June 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 86.512321876912px; left: 125.02797099832px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 87.512321876912px; left: 109.52797099832px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaugency_(1429)" title="Battle of Beaugency (1429)"><img alt="Battle of Beaugency: on 16 June 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 85.14881582155px; left: 126.63078729594px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 86.14881582155px; left: 111.13078729594px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meung-sur-Loire" title="Battle of Meung-sur-Loire"><img alt="Battle of Meung-sur-Loire: on 15–16 June 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 83.442955087773px; left: 136.24768508162px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 84.442955087773px; left: 120.74768508162px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jargeau" title="Battle of Jargeau"><img alt="Battle of Jargeau: on 11 June 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 78.418648577204px; left: 110.93923618878px; width: 10px; height: 10px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #4daf4a; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 79.418648577204px; left: 95.43923618878px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> Orléans</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 78.418648577204px; left: 110.93923618878px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans"><img alt="Siege of Orléans: 29 April 1429- 8 May 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 92.97469353166px; left: 118.15875829426px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 93.97469353166px; left: 102.65875829426px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois"><img alt="Blois- Joan joins the army to relieve the siege of Orléans: 24 April 1429." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 99.51174548546px; left: 103.58686841138px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 100.51174548546px; left: 88.086868411377px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours"><img alt="Tours- Joan's virginity attested; Joan receives her armor, banner and sword: early April 1429." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 126.92991171156px; left: 95.703301964681px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 127.92991171156px; left: 80.203301964681px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers"><img alt="Poitiers- Joan examined by theologians of Charles VII's court during March–April 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 104.74265470401px; left: 74.111548011438px; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #000000; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 105.74265470401px; left: 59.111548011438px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> Chinon</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 104.74265470401px; left: 74.111548011438px; width: 7px; height: 7px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chinon" title="Château de Chinon"><img alt="Chinon- Joan meets Charles VII at his court: March 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/9px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/14px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 55.103705158331px; left: 229.3163582714px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 56.103705158331px; left: 213.8163582714px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France"><img alt="Nancy, France- Joan meets Charles II, Duke of Lorraine: early winter 1429" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/2px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="2" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/3px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/4px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 55.847535405604px; left: 198.53336874636px; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #000000; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 56.847535405604px; left: 201.53336874636px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> Vaucouleurs</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 55.847535405604px; left: 198.53336874636px; width: 7px; height: 7px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Vaucouleurs" title="Vaucouleurs"><img alt="Vaucouleurs- Site of Joan's three meetings with Robert de Baudricourt to request being sent to Charles VII's Court: May and January 1428, February 1429." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/9px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/14px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 61.378654794001px; left: 198.76234250316px; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #000000; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 67.378654794001px; left: 217.76234250316px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> Domrémy</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 61.378654794001px; left: 198.76234250316px; width: 7px; height: 7px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Domr%C3%A9my-la-Pucelle" title="Domrémy-la-Pucelle"><img alt="Domrémy- Joan's birthplace and childhood home" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/9px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/14px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute;top: 9px;left: 199px"><div style="color: white; opacity:100; font-size: 19px; font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/48/2/en" data-zoom="6" data-lat="48" data-lon="2" data-overlays="["_9c81309f5ee3ca56407cab46f1e66d233658f954"]"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"> </a></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Joan's journey to <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chinon" title="Château de Chinon">Chinon</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">Orléans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loire_Campaign_(1429)" title="Loire Campaign (1429)">Loire Campaign</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/March_to_Reims" title="March to Reims">March to Reims</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Reims and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1429)" title="Siege of Paris (1429)">Siege of Paris</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Campaign against Perrinet Gressard</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Siege of Compiègne">Compiègne</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other locations</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> After the success at Orléans, Joan insisted that the Armagnac forces should advance promptly toward Reims to crown the Dauphin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage169_169–170]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage56_157]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage66_66]_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage169_169–170]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage56_157]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage66_66]-127">[123]</a> Charles allowed her to accompany the army under the command of <a href="/wiki/John_II,_Duke_of_Alen%C3%A7on" title="John II, Duke of Alençon">John II, Duke of Alençon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage128_128]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage66_66]-128">[124]</a> who collaboratively worked with Joan and regularly heeded her advice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page102_102]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage90_90]-129">[125]</a> Before advancing toward Reims, the Armagnacs needed to recapture the bridge towns along the Loire: <a href="/wiki/Jargeau" title="Jargeau">Jargeau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meung-sur-Loire" title="Meung-sur-Loire">Meung-sur-Loire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beaugency" title="Beaugency">Beaugency</a>. This would clear the way for Charles and his entourage, who would have to cross the Loire near Orléans to get from Chinon to Reims.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page114_114]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage127_127–128]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen132_116]_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page114_114]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage127_127–128]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen132_116]-130">[126]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Loire_Campaign_(1429)" title="Loire Campaign (1429)">campaign to clear the Loire towns</a> began on 11 June when the Armagnac forces led by Alençon and Joan arrived at Jargeau<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page101_101]Barker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage120_120]-131">[127]</a> and forced the English to withdraw inside the town's walls. Joan sent a message to the English to surrender; they refused<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage250_250]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page104_104]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage131_131]_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage250_250]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page104_104]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage131_131]-132">[128]</a> and she advocated for a direct assault on the walls the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage250_250]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page115_115]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page105_105]_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage250_250]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page115_115]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page105_105]-133">[129]</a> By the end of the day, the town was taken. The Armagnac took few prisoners and many of the English who surrendered were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage120_120–121]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page104_104]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage132_132]_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage120_120–121]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page104_104]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage132_132]-134">[130]</a> During this campaign, Joan continued to serve in the thick of battle. She began scaling a siege ladder with her banner in hand but before she could climb the wall, she was struck by a stone which split her helmet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage93_93]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen141_126]-135">[131]</a> Alençon and Joan's army advanced on <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meung-sur-Loire" title="Battle of Meung-sur-Loire">Meung-sur-Loire</a>. On 15 June, they took control of the town's bridge, and the English garrison withdrew to a castle on the Loire's north bank.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage252_252]-136">[132]</a> Most of the army continued on the south bank of the Loire to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaugency_(1429)" title="Battle of Beaugency (1429)">besiege the castle at Beaugency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage121_121]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage252_252]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage94_94–91]_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage121_121]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage252_252]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage94_94–91]-137">[133]</a> Meanwhile, the English army from Paris under the command of Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Fastolf" title="John Fastolf">John Fastolf</a> had linked up with the garrison in Meung and traveled along the north bank of the Loire to relieve Beaugency.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage122_122]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage253_253–254]-138">[134]</a> Unaware of this, the English garrison at Beaugency surrendered on 18 June.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage122_122]-139">[135]</a> The main English army retreated toward Paris; Joan urged the Armagnacs to pursue them, and the two armies clashed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Patay" title="Battle of Patay">Battle of Patay</a> later that day. The English had prepared their forces to ambush an Armagnac attack with hidden <a href="/wiki/English_longbow" title="English longbow">archers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page118_118]-140">[136]</a> but the Armagnac vanguard detected and scattered them. A rout ensued that decimated the English army. Fastolf escaped with a small band of soldiers, but many of the English leaders were captured.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage98_98]-141">[137]</a> Joan arrived at the battlefield too late to participate in the decisive action,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page120_120]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage98_98]-142">[138]</a> but her encouragement to pursue the English had made the victory possible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage256_256]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage100_100]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage176_176–177]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage75_75]_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage256_256]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage100_100]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage176_176–177]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage75_75]-143">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coronation_and_siege_of_Paris">Coronation and siege of Paris</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BNF_NAF_4811,_folio_55_verso_-_couronnement_de_Charles_VII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Miniature of coronation of King Charles the seventh of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/BNF_NAF_4811%2C_folio_55_verso_-_couronnement_de_Charles_VII.jpg/190px-BNF_NAF_4811%2C_folio_55_verso_-_couronnement_de_Charles_VII.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/BNF_NAF_4811%2C_folio_55_verso_-_couronnement_de_Charles_VII.jpg/285px-BNF_NAF_4811%2C_folio_55_verso_-_couronnement_de_Charles_VII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/BNF_NAF_4811%2C_folio_55_verso_-_couronnement_de_Charles_VII.jpg/380px-BNF_NAF_4811%2C_folio_55_verso_-_couronnement_de_Charles_VII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption>Coronation of <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Nangis" title="Guillaume de Nangis">Guillaume de Nangis</a>' Chronicon abbreviatum regum Francorum; Joan of Arc stands holding a banner of France to his left. Unknown author (15th century).</figcaption></figure> After the destruction of the English army at Patay, some Armagnac leaders argued for an invasion of English-held Normandy, but Joan remained insistent that Charles must be crowned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage101_101–103],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage105_105]_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage101_101–103],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage105_105]-144">[140]</a> The Dauphin agreed, and the army left <a href="/wiki/Gien" title="Gien">Gien</a> on 29 June to <a href="/wiki/March_to_Reims" title="March to Reims">march on Reims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage86_86–87]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage62_62]-145">[141]</a> The advance was nearly unopposed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage261_261]-146">[142]</a> The Burgundian-held town of <a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> surrendered on 3 July after three days of negotiations,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page128_128]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage106_106]-147">[143]</a> and other towns in the army's path returned to Armagnac allegiance without resistance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page130_130]-148">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a>, which had a small garrison of English and Burgundian troops,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page130_130]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage87_87]-149">[145]</a> was the only one to resist. After four days of negotiation, Joan ordered the soldiers to fill the city's moat with wood and directed the placement of artillery. Fearing an assault, Troyes negotiated a surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page130_130]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage89_89–90]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage63_63]_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page130_130]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage89_89–90]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage63_63]-150">[146]</a> Reims opened its gates on 16 July 1429. Charles, Joan, and the army entered in the evening, and Charles's consecration took place the following morning.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page133_133]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage159_159]-151">[147]</a> Joan was given a place of honor at the ceremony,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage162_162]-152">[148]</a> and announced that God's will had been fulfilled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page134_134]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage112_112]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage66_66]_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page134_134]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage112_112]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage66_66]-153">[149]</a> After the consecration, the royal court negotiated a truce of fifteen days with the Duke of Burgundy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage72_72]-154">[150]</a> who promised he would try to arrange the transfer of Paris to the Armagnacs while continuing negotiations for a definitive peace. At the end of the truce, Burgundy reneged on his promise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page140_140]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen179_163–164]-155">[151]</a> Joan and the Duke of Alençon favored a quick march on Paris,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage128_128]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage72_72]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage78_78]_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage128_128]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage72_72]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage78_78]-156">[152]</a> but divisions in Charles's court and continued peace negotiations with Burgundy led to a slow advance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page147_147]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage200_200–201]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen179_163–164]_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page147_147]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage200_200–201]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen179_163–164]-157">[153]</a> As the Armagnac army approached Paris, many of the towns along the way surrendered without a fight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage130_130]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page142_142]-158">[154]</a> On 15 August, the English forces under the Duke of Bedford confronted the Armagnacs near <a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9pilloy" title="Montépilloy">Montépilloy</a> in a fortified position that the Armagnac commanders thought was too strong to assault. Joan rode out in front of the English positions to try to provoke them to attack. They refused, resulting in a standoff.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage132_132]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page142_142–143]-159">[155]</a> The English retreated the following day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page144_144]-160">[156]</a> The Armagnacs continued their advance and launched an <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1429)" title="Siege of Paris (1429)">assault on Paris</a> on 8 September.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage134_134]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page150_150]-161">[157]</a> During the fighting, Joan was wounded in the leg by a crossbow bolt. She remained in a trench beneath the city walls until she was rescued after nightfall.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage136_136]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage77_77]-162">[158]</a> The Armagnacs had suffered 1,500 casualties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage136_136]-163">[159]</a> The following morning, Charles ordered an end to the assault. Joan was displeased<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page152_152–153]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage78_78]-164">[160]</a> and argued that the attack should be continued. She and Alençon had made fresh plans to attack Paris, but Charles dismantled a bridge approaching Paris that was necessary for the attack and the Armagnac army had to retreat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page152_152]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage126_126]-165">[161]</a> After the defeat at Paris, Joan's role in the French court diminished. Her aggressive independence did not agree with the court's emphasis on finding a diplomatic solution with Burgundy, and her role in the defeat at Paris reduced the court's faith in her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page156_156]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage130_130]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage209_209]_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page156_156]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage130_130]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage209_209]-166">[162]</a> Scholars at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> argued that she failed to take Paris because her inspiration was not divine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page143_143]-167">[163]</a> In September, Charles disbanded the army, and Joan was not allowed to work with the Duke of Alençon again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage136_136–137]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page153_153]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage78_78–79]_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage136_136–137]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page153_153]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage78_78–79]-168">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_against_Perrinet_Gressart">Campaign against Perrinet Gressart</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeanne_d%27Arc_-_Les_vies_des_femmes_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A human figure on horseback, with the horse pointing left. The figure is wearing armor and carrying an orange banner. The horse is white and has red accessories." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Jeanne_d%27Arc_-_Les_vies_des_femmes_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres.jpg/190px-Jeanne_d%27Arc_-_Les_vies_des_femmes_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Jeanne_d%27Arc_-_Les_vies_des_femmes_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres.jpg/285px-Jeanne_d%27Arc_-_Les_vies_des_femmes_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Jeanne_d%27Arc_-_Les_vies_des_femmes_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres.jpg/380px-Jeanne_d%27Arc_-_Les_vies_des_femmes_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1619" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Miniature depicting Jeanne d'Arc from The Lives of Famous Women, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Pichore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Pichore (page does not exist)">Jean Pichore</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Pichore" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Pichore">fr</a>] (1506, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Dobr%C3%A9e" title="Musée Dobrée">Musée Dobrée</a>, Nantes, France)</figcaption></figure> In October, Joan was sent as part of a force to attack the territory of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perrinet_Gressart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perrinet Gressart (page does not exist)">Perrinet Gressart</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perrinet_Gressart" class="extiw" title="fr:Perrinet Gressart">fr</a>], a mercenary who had served the Burgundians and English.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage137_137–138]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page157_157]-169">[165]</a> The army <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saint-Pierre-le-Mo%C3%BBtier" title="Siege of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier">besieged Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier</a>, which fell after Joan encouraged a direct assault on 4 November. The army then tried unsuccessfully to take <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Charit%C3%A9" title="Siege of La Charité">La-Charité-sur-Loire</a> in November and December and had to abandon their artillery during the retreat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page157_157]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage81_81]-170">[166]</a> This defeat further diminished Joan's reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage137_137]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page149_149]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen207_191]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage81_81]_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage137_137]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page149_149]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen207_191]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage81_81]-171">[167]</a> Joan returned to court at the end of December,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage134_134]-172">[168]</a> where she learned that she and her family had been ennobled by Charles as a reward for her services to him and the kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage193_193]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage81_81]-173">[169]</a> Before the September attack on Paris, Charles had negotiated a four-month truce with the Burgundians,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage132_132]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page145_145]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage174_174]_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage132_132]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page145_145]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage174_174]-174">[170]</a> which was extended until Easter 1430.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELang1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidoffrancebein00languoftpage199_199]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen209_193]-175">[171]</a> During this truce, the French court had no need for Joan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage138_138]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page165_165]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage212_212–214]_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage138_138]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page165_165]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage212_212–214]-176">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siege_of_Compiègne_and_capture">Siege of Compiègne and capture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Siege of Compiègne">Siege of Compiègne</a></div> The Duke of Burgundy began to reclaim towns which had been ceded to him by treaty but had not submitted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage84_84]-177">[173]</a> Compiègne was one such town<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage146_146]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page167_167–168]-178">[174]</a> of many in areas which the Armagnacs had recaptured over the previous few months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page166_166]-179">[175]</a> Joan set out with a company of volunteers at the end of March 1430 to relieve the town, which was under siege.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage136_136]-180">[176]</a> This expedition did not have the explicit permission of Charles, who was still observing the truce.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELang1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidoffrancebein00languoftpage226_226]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage84_84–85]Vale1974-181">[177]</a> Some writers suggest that Joan's expedition to Compiègne without documented permission from the court was a desperate and treasonable action,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage146_146]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168]-182">[178]</a> but others have argued that she could not have launched the expedition without the financial support of the court.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage136_136]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage152_152]-183">[179]</a> In April, Joan arrived at <a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a>, which had expelled its Burgundian garrison.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage136_136]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage84_85]-184">[180]</a> As Joan advanced, her force grew as other commanders joined her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168–169]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage86_86]-185">[181]</a> Joan's troops advanced to <a href="/wiki/Lagny-sur-Marne" title="Lagny-sur-Marne">Lagny-sur-Marne</a> and defeated an Anglo-Burgundian force commanded by the mercenary Franquet d'Arras who was captured. Typically, he would have been ransomed or exchanged by the capturing force, but Joan allowed the townspeople to execute him after a trial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page169_169]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage137_137–138]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage85_85]_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page169_169]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage137_137–138]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage85_85]-186">[182]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panth%C3%A9on_-_La_vie_de_Jeanne_d%27Arc_(hlw16_0310)-_crop_capture_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Joan in armor and surcoat being pulled off her horse by soldiers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Panth%C3%A9on_-_La_vie_de_Jeanne_d%27Arc_%28hlw16_0310%29-_crop_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg/320px-Panth%C3%A9on_-_La_vie_de_Jeanne_d%27Arc_%28hlw16_0310%29-_crop_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Panth%C3%A9on_-_La_vie_de_Jeanne_d%27Arc_%28hlw16_0310%29-_crop_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg/480px-Panth%C3%A9on_-_La_vie_de_Jeanne_d%27Arc_%28hlw16_0310%29-_crop_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Panth%C3%A9on_-_La_vie_de_Jeanne_d%27Arc_%28hlw16_0310%29-_crop_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-Panth%C3%A9on_-_La_vie_de_Jeanne_d%27Arc_%28hlw16_0310%29-_crop_capture_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1519" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Mural Joan captured by the Burgundians at Compiègne by <a href="/wiki/Jules-Eug%C3%A8ne_Lenepveu" title="Jules-Eugène Lenepveu">Jules-Eugène Lenepveu</a> (c. 1886–1890, <a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Panthéon, Paris">Panthéon</a>, Paris)</figcaption></figure> Joan reached Compiègne on 14 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page169_169]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage138_138]-187">[183]</a> After defensive forays against the Burgundian besiegers,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page171_171]-188">[184]</a> she was forced to disband the majority of the army because it had become too difficult for the surrounding countryside to support.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage139_139]-189">[185]</a> Joan and about 400 of her remaining soldiers entered the town.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage86_86]-190">[186]</a> On 23 May 1430, Joan accompanied an Armagnac force which <a href="/wiki/Sortie" title="Sortie">sortied</a> from Compiègne to attack the Burgundian camp at <a href="/wiki/Margny-l%C3%A8s-Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Margny-lès-Compiègne">Margny</a>, northeast of the town. The attack failed, and Joan was captured;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage146_146]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page174_174–177]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage227_227–228]_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage146_146]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page174_174–177]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage227_227–228]-191">[187]</a> she agreed to surrender to a pro-Burgundian nobleman named Lyonnel de Wandomme, a member of <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Luxembourg,_Count_of_Ligny" class="mw-redirect" title="John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny">Jean de Luxembourg</a>'s contingent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage88_88]-192">[188]</a> who quickly moved her to his castle at <a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-les-Fontaines" title="Beaulieu-les-Fontaines">Beaulieu-les-Fontaines</a> near <a href="/wiki/Noyes" title="Noyes">Noyes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage142_142]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage92_92]-193">[189]</a> After her first attempt to escape, she was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Beaurevoir" title="Beaurevoir">Beaurevoir</a> Castle. She made another escape attempt while there, jumping from a window of a tower and landing in a dry moat; she was injured but survived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page163_163]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage149_149]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage113_113]_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page163_163]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage149_149]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage113_113]-194">[190]</a> In November, she was moved to the Burgundian town of <a href="/wiki/Arras,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Arras, France">Arras</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97]-195">[191]</a> The English and Burgundians rejoiced that Joan had been removed as a military threat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage111_111–112]-196">[192]</a> The English negotiated with their Burgundian allies to pay Joan's ransom and transfer her to their custody. Bishop <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cauchon" title="Pierre Cauchon">Pierre Cauchon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a>, a partisan supporter of the Duke of Burgundy and the English crown,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChampion1920[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160818165959httpssourcebooksfordhamedubasisjoanofarc-trialasp_405]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage208_208–209]_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChampion1920[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160818165959httpssourcebooksfordhamedubasisjoanofarc-trialasp_405]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage208_208–209]-197">[193]</a> played a prominent part in these negotiations,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page162_162–163]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage210_210–211]-198">[194]</a> which were completed in November.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage22_22]-199">[195]</a> The final agreement called for the English to pay 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Livre_tournois" title="Livre tournois">livres tournois</a> to obtain her from Luxembourg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page183_183]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage212_212]_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page183_183]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage212_212]-200">[196]</a> After the English paid the ransom, they moved Joan to <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>, their main headquarters in France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page164_164]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage100_100–101]-201">[197]</a> There is no evidence that Charles tried to save Joan once she was transferred to the English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage143_143–144]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97–98]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage58_58–59]_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage143_143–144]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97–98]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage58_58–59]-202">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trials_and_execution">Trials and execution</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trial">Trial</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Trial of Joan of Arc">Trial of Joan of Arc</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Maurice_Boutet_de_Monvel,_The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc_(Joan_of_Arc_series_-_VI),_c._late_1909-early_1910,_NGA_195567.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Joan of Arc facing left addressing assessors, scribes. She has soldiers behind her" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Louis_Maurice_Boutet_de_Monvel%2C_The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc_%28Joan_of_Arc_series_-_VI%29%2C_c._late_1909-early_1910%2C_NGA_195567.jpg/330px-Louis_Maurice_Boutet_de_Monvel%2C_The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc_%28Joan_of_Arc_series_-_VI%29%2C_c._late_1909-early_1910%2C_NGA_195567.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Louis_Maurice_Boutet_de_Monvel%2C_The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc_%28Joan_of_Arc_series_-_VI%29%2C_c._late_1909-early_1910%2C_NGA_195567.jpg/495px-Louis_Maurice_Boutet_de_Monvel%2C_The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc_%28Joan_of_Arc_series_-_VI%29%2C_c._late_1909-early_1910%2C_NGA_195567.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Louis_Maurice_Boutet_de_Monvel%2C_The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc_%28Joan_of_Arc_series_-_VI%29%2C_c._late_1909-early_1910%2C_NGA_195567.jpg/660px-Louis_Maurice_Boutet_de_Monvel%2C_The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc_%28Joan_of_Arc_series_-_VI%29%2C_c._late_1909-early_1910%2C_NGA_195567.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1765" /></a><figcaption>The Trial of Joan of Arc, by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Maurice_Boutet_de_Monvel" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Maurice Boutet de Monvel">Louis Maurice Boutet de Monvel</a> (1909–1910, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, Washington, D.C.)</figcaption></figure> Joan was put on trial for <a href="/wiki/Christian_heresy" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian heresy">heresy</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage14_14–15]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpagen14_xviii]Russell1972[httpsarchiveorgdetailswitchcraftinmidd0000russpage262_262]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage22_22]_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage14_14–15]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpagen14_xviii]Russell1972[httpsarchiveorgdetailswitchcraftinmidd0000russpage262_262]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage22_22]-203">[199]</a> in Rouen on 9 January 1431.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage24_24]-204">[200]</a> She was accused of having <a href="/wiki/Blasphemed" class="mw-redirect" title="Blasphemed">blasphemed</a> by wearing men's clothes, of acting upon visions that were <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demonic</a>, and of refusing to submit her words and deeds to the church because she claimed she would be judged by God alone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage207_207–208]-205">[201]</a> Joan's captors downplayed the secular aspects of her trial by submitting her judgment to an ecclesiastical court, but the trial was politically motivated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidTnqLow3iKd4CpgPA69_69]Weiskopf1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage118_118]-206">[202]</a> Joan testified that her visions had instructed her to defeat the English and crown Charles, and her success was argued to be evidence she was acting on behalf of God.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott2002[httpswwwjstororgstable101086532095seq21_46–47]-207">[203]</a> If unchallenged, her testimony would invalidate the English claim to the rule of France<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage20_20]-208">[204]</a> and undermine the University of Paris,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage146_146–147]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage107_107]-209">[205]</a> which supported the dual monarchy ruled by an English king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage4_4]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage3_3]Verger1972[httpsarchiveorgdetailsuniversitiesinpo0000unsepage53_53–54]_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage4_4]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage3_3]Verger1972[httpsarchiveorgdetailsuniversitiesinpo0000unsepage53_53–54]-210">[206]</a> The verdict was a foregone conclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage8_8]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq33_1023–1024]Sullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178seq7_313]_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage8_8]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq33_1023–1024]Sullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178seq7_313]-211">[207]</a> Joan's guilt could be used to compromise Charles's claims to legitimacy by showing that he had been consecrated by the act of a heretic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage20_20–21]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage106_106]-212">[208]</a> Cauchon served as the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction#Ordinary" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">ordinary</a> judge of the trial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage102_102]-213">[209]</a> The English subsidized the trial,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpagen13_xiii]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage102_102–103]_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpagen13_xiii]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage102_102–103]-214">[210]</a> including payments to Cauchon<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewhall1934[httpswwwjstororgstable2846456seq2_89]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage47_47]-215">[211]</a> and Jean Le Maître,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage214_214]-216">[212]</a> who represented the Inquisitor of France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage23_23]-217">[213]</a> All but 8 of the 131 clergy who participated in the trial were French<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage4_4]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage23_23]-218">[214]</a> and two thirds were associated with the University of Paris,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage253_253]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage23_23]-219">[215]</a> but most were pro-Burgundian and pro-English.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage166_166]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage48_48]-220">[216]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Cauchon-Jeanne_Darc_manuscript.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="miniature of Pierre Couchon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Pierre_Cauchon-Jeanne_Darc_manuscript.jpg/260px-Pierre_Cauchon-Jeanne_Darc_manuscript.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Pierre_Cauchon-Jeanne_Darc_manuscript.jpg/390px-Pierre_Cauchon-Jeanne_Darc_manuscript.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Pierre_Cauchon-Jeanne_Darc_manuscript.jpg/520px-Pierre_Cauchon-Jeanne_Darc_manuscript.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="931" /></a><figcaption>Miniature of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cauchon" title="Pierre Cauchon">Pierre Cauchon</a> presiding at Joan of Arc's trial, unknown author (15th century, <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>)</figcaption></figure> Cauchon attempted to follow correct inquisitorial procedure,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage18_18]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage108_108]Sullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178seq5_311]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29]_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage18_18]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage108_108]Sullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178seq5_311]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29]-221">[217]</a> but the trial had many irregularities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_157]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage7_7]Peters1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidTnqLow3iKd4CpgPA69_69]_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_157]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage7_7]Peters1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidTnqLow3iKd4CpgPA69_69]-222">[218]</a> Joan should have been in the hands of the church during the trial and guarded by women,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage26_26]-223">[219]</a> but instead was imprisoned by the English and guarded by male soldiers under the command of the Duke of Bedford.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage154_154]-224">[220]</a> Contrary to <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>, Cauchon had not established Joan's <a href="/wiki/Infamy#Infamy_of_law" title="Infamy">infamy</a> before proceeding with the trial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage254_234–255]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq28_1018],_[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq32_1022]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage24_24–25]_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage254_234–255]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq28_1018],_[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq32_1022]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage24_24–25]-225">[221]</a> Joan was not read the charges against her until well after her interrogations began.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq32_1022]-226">[222]</a> The procedures were below inquisitorial standards,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidTnqLow3iKd4CpgPA69_69]-227">[223]</a> subjecting Joan to lengthy interrogations<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage88_88–89]-228">[224]</a> without legal counsel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage7_7]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage25_25,_fn_79]-229">[225]</a> One of the trial clerics stepped down because he felt the testimony was coerced and its intention was to entrap Joan;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1997[httpswwwjstororgstable29759909seq4_54]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstable2865494seq28_1018]-230">[226]</a> another challenged Cauchon's right to judge the trial and was jailed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank1997[httpswwwjstororgstable29759909seq4_54]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156–157]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage126_126]_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1997[httpswwwjstororgstable29759909seq4_54]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156–157]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage126_126]-231">[227]</a> There is evidence that the trial records were falsified.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage7_7]RankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage113_101]-232">[228]</a> During the trial, Joan showed great control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage160_160]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCq22Joan27s20knowledge20of20tactics22_160]_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage160_160]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCq22Joan27s20knowledge20of20tactics22_160]-233">[229]</a> She induced her interrogators to ask questions sequentially rather than simultaneously, refer back to their records when appropriate, and end the sessions when she requested.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage102_102]-234">[230]</a> Witnesses at the trial were impressed by her prudence when answering questions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage160_160]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage102_102]-235">[231]</a> For example, in one exchange she was asked if she knew she was in God's grace. The question was meant as a scholarly trap, as church doctrine held that nobody could be certain of being in God's grace. If she answered positively, she would have been charged with heresy; if negatively, she would have confessed her own guilt. Joan avoided the trap by stating that if she was not in God's grace, she hoped God would put her there, and if she was in God's grace then she hoped she would remain so.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage92_93]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage166_166]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage112_112]_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage92_93]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage166_166]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage112_112]-236">[232]</a> One of the court notaries at her trial later testified that the interrogators were stunned by her answer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage166_166]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage238_238]-237">[233]</a> To convince her to submit, Joan was shown the instruments of torture. When she refused to be intimidated, Cauchon met with about a dozen assessors (clerical jurors) to vote on whether she should be tortured. The majority decided against it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage206_206]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage127_127–128]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage256_256]_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage206_206]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage127_127–128]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage256_256]-238">[234]</a> In early May, Cauchon asked the University of Paris to deliberate on twelve articles summarizing the accusation of heresy. The university approved the charges.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage208_208–209]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage288_288]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage129_129]_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage208_208–209]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage288_288]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage129_129]-239">[235]</a> On 23 May, Joan was formally admonished by the court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page186_186]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen335_318]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage129_129]_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page186_186]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen335_318]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage129_129]-240">[236]</a> The next day, she was taken out to the churchyard of the abbey of Saint-Ouen for public condemnation. As Cauchon began to read Joan's sentence, she agreed to submit. She was presented with an <a href="/wiki/Abjuration" title="Abjuration">abjuration</a> document, which included an agreement that she would not bear arms or wear men's clothing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage212_212]-241">[237]</a> It was read aloud to her,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page190_190]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage214_214]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage131_131]_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page190_190]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage214_214]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage131_131]-242">[238]</a> and she signed it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage115_115–116]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page190_190]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage131_131]_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage115_115–116]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page190_190]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage131_131]-243">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[e]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Execution">Execution</h3></div> Public heresy was a <a href="/wiki/Capital_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital crime">capital crime</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMegivern1997[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdeathpenaltyhist1997megipage128_128]-247">[242]</a> in which an unrepentant or relapsed heretic could be given over to the judgment of the secular courts and punished by death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoonan1998[httpswwwjstororgstable25025339_703]-248">[243]</a> Having signed the abjuration, Joan was no longer an unrepentant heretic but could be executed if convicted of relapsing into heresy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly2014[httpswwwjstororgstable43577195seq14_949]Noonan1987[httpsjstororgstable1051025seq3_204–205]-249">[244]</a> As part of her abjuration, Joan was required to renounce wearing men's clothes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoonan1987[httpswwwjstororgstable1051025_203]-250">[245]</a> She exchanged her clothes for a woman's dress and allowed her head to be shaved.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage37_37]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage271_271]-251">[246]</a> She was returned to her cell and kept in chains<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA64_64–65]-252">[247]</a> instead of being transferred to an ecclesiastical prison.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage138_138_fn3]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage269_269]-253">[248]</a> Witnesses at the rehabilitation trial stated that Joan was subjected to mistreatment and rape attempts, including one by an English noble,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302–303]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage216_216]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage273_273]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage222_222]_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302–303]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage216_216]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage273_273]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage222_222]-254">[249]</a> and that guards placed men's clothes in her cell, forcing her to wear them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage272_272]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]_255-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage272_272]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]-255">[250]</a> Cauchon was notified that Joan had resumed wearing male clothing. He sent clerics to admonish her to remain in submission, but the English prevented them from visiting her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen347_329]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage273_273]-256">[251]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Joan in red dress being bound to a stake as a group of men look on" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_10.jpg/290px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_10.jpg/435px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_10.jpg/580px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Miniature of Joan's Execution from The Vigils of King Charles VII, anonymous (c. 1484, <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>)</figcaption></figure> On 28 May, Cauchon went to Joan's cell, along with several other clerics. According to the trial record, Joan said that she had gone back to wearing men's clothes because it was more fitting that she dress like a man while being held with male guards, and that the judges had broken their promise to let her go to mass and to release her from her chains. She stated that if they fulfilled their promises and placed her in a decent prison, she would be obedient.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullough1974[httpswwwjstororgstable2777140seq9_1389]Crane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132–133]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage132_132–133]_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullough1974[httpswwwjstororgstable2777140seq9_1389]Crane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132–133]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage132_132–133]-257">[252]</a> When Cauchon asked about her visions, Joan stated that the voices had blamed her for abjuring out of fear, and that she would not deny them again. As Joan's abjuration had required her to deny her visions, this was sufficient to convict her of relapsing into heresy and to condemn her to death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24–25]-258">[253]</a> The next day, forty-two assessors were summoned to decide Joan's fate. Two recommended that she be abandoned to the secular courts immediately; the rest recommended that the abjuration be read to her again and explained.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage218_218–219]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage134_134–135]-259">[254]</a> In the end, they voted unanimously that Joan was a relapsed heretic and should be abandoned to the secular power, the English, for punishment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage198_198]Sullivan1999Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage139_139]-260">[255]</a> At about the age of nineteen, Joan was executed on 30 May 1431. In the morning, she was allowed to receive the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacraments</a> despite the court process requiring they be denied to heretics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage219_219–220]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage296_296]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage279_279–280]_261-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage219_219–220]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage296_296]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage279_279–280]-261">[256]</a> She was then taken to Rouen's Vieux-Marché (Old Marketplace), where she was publicly read her sentence of condemnation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage148_148]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage225_225]-262">[257]</a> At this point, she should have been turned over to the appropriate authority, the bailiff of Rouen, for secular sentencing, but instead was delivered directly to the English<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage135_135]-263">[258]</a> and tied to a tall plastered pillar for <a href="/wiki/Death_by_burning" title="Death by burning">execution by burning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage282_281–282]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage228_228–229]-264">[259]</a> She asked to view a cross as she died, and was given one by an English soldier made from a stick, which she kissed and placed next to her chest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage222_223]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen359_341]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage238_238]_265-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage222_223]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen359_341]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage238_238]-265">[260]</a> A processional <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a> was fetched from the church of Saint-Saveur. She embraced it before her hands were bound, and it was held before her eyes during her execution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage282_282–283]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage136_136]_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage282_282–283]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage136_136]-266">[261]</a> After her death, her remains were thrown into the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> River.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen359_341]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage137_137]_267-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen359_341]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage137_137]-267">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath_and_rehabilitation_trial">Aftermath and rehabilitation trial</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_trial_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Rehabilitation trial of Joan of Arc">Rehabilitation trial of Joan of Arc</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_comm%C3%A9moratif_de_la_r%C3%A9habilitation_de_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A group of highly detailed and realistic painted plaster statues depicting four men wearing various ecclesiastical garments. They are arranged in a complex composition around a representation of Joan of Arc on a set of stairs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Monument_comm%C3%A9moratif_de_la_r%C3%A9habilitation_de_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg/220px-Monument_comm%C3%A9moratif_de_la_r%C3%A9habilitation_de_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Monument_comm%C3%A9moratif_de_la_r%C3%A9habilitation_de_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg/330px-Monument_comm%C3%A9moratif_de_la_r%C3%A9habilitation_de_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Monument_comm%C3%A9moratif_de_la_r%C3%A9habilitation_de_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg/440px-Monument_comm%C3%A9moratif_de_la_r%C3%A9habilitation_de_Jeanne_d%E2%80%99Arc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3484" data-file-height="3198" /></a><figcaption>Monument Commemorating the Rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, a plaster work by <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Pinchon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Pinchon (page does not exist)">Émile Pinchon</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pinchon" class="extiw" title="fr:Émile Pinchon">fr</a>]; Joan stands in the foreground, facing figures from her rehabilitation trial (1909, <a href="/wiki/Noyon_Cathedral" title="Noyon Cathedral">Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Noyon</a>).<a href="#cite_note-269">[f]</a></figcaption></figure> The military situation was not changed by Joan's execution. Her triumphs had raised Armagnac morale, and the English were not able to regain momentum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage57_57]CurryHoskinsRichardsonSpencer2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtcompani0000currpage106_106]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage496_496–497]_270-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage57_57]CurryHoskinsRichardsonSpencer2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtcompani0000currpage106_106]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage496_496–497]-270">[264]</a> Charles remained king of France,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage57_57]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage490_490]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage166_166]_271-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage57_57]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage490_490]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage166_166]-271">[265]</a> despite a rival coronation held for the ten-year-old Henry VI of England at <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame cathedral</a> in Paris in 1431.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage229_229]-272">[266]</a> In 1435, the Burgundians signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Arras_(1435)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Arras (1435)">Treaty of Arras</a>, abandoning their alliance with England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage228_228]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page186_186]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage494_494]_273-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage228_228]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page186_186]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage494_494]-273">[267]</a> Twenty-two years after Joan's death, the war ended with a French victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castillon" title="Battle of Castillon">Battle of Castillon</a> in 1453,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage36_36]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage342_342]-274">[268]</a> and the English were expelled from all of France except <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page230_230]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage231_231]-275">[269]</a> Joan's execution created a political liability for Charles, implying that his consecration as the king of France had been achieved through the actions of a heretic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page224_224]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage230_230]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage313_313–314]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage62_62]_276-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page224_224]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage230_230]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage313_313–314]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage62_62]-276">[270]</a> On 15 February 1450, a few months after he regained Rouen, Charles ordered Guillaume Bouillé, a theologian and <a href="/wiki/List_of_rectors_of_the_University_of_Paris" title="List of rectors of the University of Paris">former rector of the University of Paris</a>, to open an inquest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage3_3–4]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage189_189]-277">[271]</a> In a brief investigation, Bouillé interviewed seven witnesses of Joan's trial and concluded that the judgment of Joan as a heretic was arbitrary. She had been a prisoner of war treated as a political prisoner, and was put to death without basis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage230_230]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage149_149–155]-278">[272]</a> Bouillé's report could not overturn the verdict but it opened the way for the later retrial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage121_121]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage18_318]-279">[273]</a> In 1452, a second inquest into Joan's trial was opened by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_d%27Estouteville" title="Guillaume d'Estouteville">Guillaume d'Estouteville</a>, papal legate and relative of Charles, and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Br%C3%A9hal" title="Jean Bréhal">Jean Bréhal</a>, the recently appointed Inquisitor of France,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page228_228–229]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage151_151]_280-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page228_228–229]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage151_151]-280">[274]</a> who interviewed about 20 witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page228_228–229]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage4_4]-281">[275]</a> The inquest was guided by 27 articles describing how Joan's trial had been biased.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage152_152–155]-282">[276]</a> Immediately after the inquest, d'Estouteville went to Orléans on 9 June and granted an <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgence</a> to those who participated in the ceremonies in Joan's honor on 8 May commemorating the lifting of the siege.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage34_34]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]-283">[277]</a> For the next two years d'Estouteville and Bréhal worked on the case.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122–123]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen368_350–351]Murray1902[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles5738957389-h57389-hhtmPage_372_372]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]_284-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122–123]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen368_350–351]Murray1902[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles5738957389-h57389-hhtmPage_372_372]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]-284">[278]</a> Bréhal forwarded a petition from Joan's mother, Isabelle, and Joan's two brothers Jean and Pierre, to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V" title="Pope Nicholas V">Pope Nicholas V</a> in 1454.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage264_264]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]-285">[279]</a> Bréhal submitted a summary of his findings to theologians and lawyers in France and Italy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_128]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen367_350]-286">[280]</a> as well as a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage37_37]-287">[281]</a> most of whom gave opinions favorable to Joan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage235_235]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122]-288">[282]</a> After Nicholas V died in early 1455, the new pope <a href="/wiki/Callixtus_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Callixtus III">Callixtus III</a> gave permission for a rehabilitation trial, and appointed three commissioners to oversee the process: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Juv%C3%A9nal_des_Ursins" title="Jean Juvénal des Ursins">Jean Juvénal des Ursins</a>, archbishop of Reims; <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Chartier_(bishop)" title="Guillaume Chartier (bishop)">Guillaume Chartier</a>, bishop of Paris; and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Olivier_de_Longueil" title="Richard Olivier de Longueil">Richard Olivier de Longueil</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Coutances" title="Coutances">Coutances</a>. They chose Bréhal as Inquisitor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage124_124]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen369_351]Murray1902[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles5738957389-h57389-hhtmPage_373_373]_289-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage124_124]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen369_351]Murray1902[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles5738957389-h57389-hhtmPage_373_373]-289">[283]</a> The rehabilitation trial began on 7 November 1455 at Notre Dame Cathedral when Joan's mother publicly delivered a formal request for her daughter's rehabilitation,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage235_235]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen369_351]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage37_37]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage235_235]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen369_351]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage37_37]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]-290">[284]</a> and ended on 7 July 1456 at <a href="/wiki/Rouen_Cathedral" title="Rouen Cathedral">Rouen Cathedral</a>, having heard from about 115 witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage156_156]-291">[285]</a> The court found that the original trial was unjust and deceitful; Joan's abjuration, execution and their consequences were nullified.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage236_236]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen373_355]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage287_287–288]_292-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage236_236]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen373_355]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage287_287–288]-292">[286]</a> In his summary of the trial, Bréhal suggested that Cauchon and the assessors who supported him might be guilty of malice and heresy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENapier2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidH2AuDwAAQBApgPT62_67]-293">[287]</a> To emphasize the court's decision, a copy of the Articles of Accusation was formally torn up. The court ordered that a cross should be erected on the site of Joan's execution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page241_241]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage237_237]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage268_268]_294-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page241_241]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage237_237]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage268_268]-294">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visions">Visions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeanne_d%27_Arc_(Eugene_Thirion).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Joan seated and looking forward with her furled banner while an angel whispers in her ear. An armored figure with fleur-de-lys banner is blowing a horn in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jeanne_d%27_Arc_%28Eugene_Thirion%29.jpg/170px-Jeanne_d%27_Arc_%28Eugene_Thirion%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jeanne_d%27_Arc_%28Eugene_Thirion%29.jpg/255px-Jeanne_d%27_Arc_%28Eugene_Thirion%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jeanne_d%27_Arc_%28Eugene_Thirion%29.jpg/340px-Jeanne_d%27_Arc_%28Eugene_Thirion%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Jeanne d'Arc écoutant les voix by Eugène Thirion (1876, Notre Dame Church, Ville de Chatou)</figcaption></figure> Joan's visions played an important role in her condemnation, and her admission that she had returned to heeding them led to her execution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24–25]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage33_33]_295-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24–25]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage33_33]-295">[289]</a> Theologians of the era believed that visions could have a supernatural source.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage13_13],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage27_27]_296-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage13_13],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage27_27]-296">[290]</a> The assessors at her trial focused on determining the specific source of Joan's visions,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage86_86]Weiskopf1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage127_127]_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage86_86]Weiskopf1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage127_127]-297">[291]</a> using an ecclesiastical form of discretio spirituum (<a href="/wiki/Discernment_of_spirits" title="Discernment of spirits">discernment of spirits</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage32_32]-298">[292]</a> Because she was accused of heresy, they sought to show that her visions were false.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29]-299">[293]</a> The rehabilitation trial nullified Joan's sentence, but did not declare her visions authentic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage236_236]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage140_140]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]_300-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage236_236]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage140_140]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]-300">[294]</a> In 1894, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> pronounced that Joan's mission was divinely inspired.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage222_220–223]-301">[295]</a> Modern scholars have discussed possible neurological and psychiatric causes for her visions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage35_35–36]Henker1984[httpspubmedncbinlmnihgov6390693_abstract]Schildkrout2017[httpsajppsychiatryonlineorgdoi101176appiajp201717080948_§6]_302-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage35_35–36]Henker1984[httpspubmedncbinlmnihgov6390693_abstract]Schildkrout2017[httpsajppsychiatryonlineorgdoi101176appiajp201717080948_§6]-302">[296]</a> Her visions have been described as hallucinations arising from <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEd'OrsiTinuper2006[httpswwwepilepsybehaviorcomarticleS1525-50500600175-2fulltext_abstract]Foote-SmithBayne1991[httpsonlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1528-11571991tb05537x_abstract]NicastroFabienne2016[httpswwwepilepsybehaviorcomarticleS1525-50501500698-8fulltext_abstract]_303-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEd'OrsiTinuper2006[httpswwwepilepsybehaviorcomarticleS1525-50500600175-2fulltext_abstract]Foote-SmithBayne1991[httpsonlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1528-11571991tb05537x_abstract]NicastroFabienne2016[httpswwwepilepsybehaviorcomarticleS1525-50501500698-8fulltext_abstract]-303">[297]</a> or a temporal lobe <a href="/wiki/Tuberculoma" title="Tuberculoma">tuberculoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERatnasuriya1986[httpsjournalssagepubcomdoipdf101177014107688607900413_235]-304">[298]</a> Others have implicated <a href="/wiki/Ergot#Effects_on_humans,_other_mammals_and_LSD" title="Ergot">ergot poisoning</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShermanZimmerman2008[httpswwwtandfonlinecomdoiabs101300J053v02n03_08_abstract]-305">[299]</a> <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen1975[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131228212724httpswwwmedievalistsnetfiles09012321pdf_4–7]-306">[300]</a> <a href="/wiki/Delusional_disorder" title="Delusional disorder">delusional disorder</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackowiak2007[httpsarchiveorgdetailspostmortemsolvin0000mackpage140_140]-307">[301]</a> or creative <a href="/wiki/Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">psychopathy</a> induced by her early childhood rearing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenderson1939-308">[302]</a> One of the <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Promoters of the Faith</a> at her 1903 canonization trial argued that her visions may have been manifestations of <a href="/wiki/Hysteria" title="Hysteria">hysteria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage220_220]-309">[303]</a> Other scholars argue that Joan created some of the visions' specific details in response to the demands of the interrogators at her trial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuizinga1959[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmenideashistoryt00huizpage223_223–224]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage104_104–105]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT37_37]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT38_38]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage130_130–131]_310-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuizinga1959[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmenideashistoryt00huizpage223_223–224]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage104_104–105]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT37_37]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT38_38]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage130_130–131]-310">[304]</a> Many of these explanations have been challenged;<a href="#cite_note-312">[g]</a> the trial records designed to demonstrate that Joan was guilty of heresy are unlikely to provide the objective descriptions of symptoms needed to support a medical diagnosis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Toffol201681-313">[306]</a> Joan's firm belief in the divinity of her visions strengthened her confidence, enabled her to trust herself,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page38_38–39]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage28_28]Henderson1939Schildkrout2017[httpsajppsychiatryonlineorgdoi101176appiajp201717080948_§8]_314-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page38_38–39]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage28_28]Henderson1939Schildkrout2017[httpsajppsychiatryonlineorgdoi101176appiajp201717080948_§8]-314">[307]</a> and gave her hope during her capture and trial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage140_140]-315">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clothing">Clothing</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing,_gender_identity,_and_sexuality_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Cross-dressing, gender identity, and sexuality of Joan of Arc">Cross-dressing, gender identity, and sexuality of Joan of Arc</a></div> Joan's <a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">cross-dressing</a> was the topic of five of the articles of accusation against her during the trial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarber1993[httpsarchiveorgdetailsvestedinterestsc00garbpage215_215]Schibanoff1996-316">[309]</a> In the view of the assessors, it was the emblem of her heresy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage117_117]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage31_31]_317-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage117_117]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage31_31]-317">[310]</a> Her final condemnation began when she was found to have resumed wearing men's clothes,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217–218]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage31_31]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage132_132]_318-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217–218]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage31_31]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage132_132]-318">[311]</a> which was taken as a sign that she had relapsed into heresy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage38_38]-319">[312]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Jeanne_Arc_place_Pyramides_Paris_4_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="see caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Statue_Jeanne_Arc_place_Pyramides_Paris_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Statue_Jeanne_Arc_place_Pyramides_Paris_4_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Statue_Jeanne_Arc_place_Pyramides_Paris_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Statue_Jeanne_Arc_place_Pyramides_Paris_4_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Statue_Jeanne_Arc_place_Pyramides_Paris_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Statue_Jeanne_Arc_place_Pyramides_Paris_4_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc_(Fr%C3%A9miet)" title="Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet)">Jeanne d'Arc</a>, a gilded bronze statue by <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Fr%C3%A9miet" title="Emmanuel Frémiet">Emmanuel Frémiet</a> (1874, <a href="/wiki/Place_des_Pyramides" title="Place des Pyramides">Place des Pyramides</a>)</figcaption></figure> From the time of her journey to Chinon to her abjuration, Joan usually wore men's clothes<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane2002[httpsarchiveorgdetailsperformanceofsel0000cranpage74_74]Fraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage28_28,_fn18]-320">[313]</a> and cropped her hair in a <a href="/wiki/Bowl_cut" title="Bowl cut">male fashion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_307]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage42_42]_321-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_307]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage42_42]-321">[314]</a> When she left Vaucouleurs to see the Dauphin in Chinon, Joan was said to have worn a black <a href="/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)" title="Doublet (clothing)">doublet</a>, a black tunic, and a short black cap.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_307]-322">[315]</a> By the time she was captured, she had acquired more elaborate outfits. At her trial, she was accused of wearing <a href="/wiki/Breeches" title="Breeches">breeches</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">mantle</a>, a coat of <a href="/wiki/Chain_mail" title="Chain mail">mail</a>, a doublet, hose joined to the doublet with twenty laces, tight boots, spurs, a <a href="/wiki/Breastplate" title="Breastplate">breastplate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buskins" class="mw-redirect" title="Buskins">buskins</a>, a sword, a dagger, and a lance. She was also described as wearing furs, a golden <a href="/wiki/Surcoat" title="Surcoat">surcoat</a> over her armor, and sumptuous <a href="/wiki/Riding_habit" title="Riding habit">riding habits</a> made of precious cloth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage192_192]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage34_34]-323">[316]</a> During the trial proceedings, Joan is not recorded as giving a practical reason why she cross-dressed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA67_67]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage144_144]-324">[317]</a> She stated that it was her own choice to wear men's clothes,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage35_35–37]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage91_91–92]-325">[318]</a> and that she did so not at the request of men but by the command of God and his angels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_298]Garber1993[httpsarchiveorgdetailsvestedinterestsc00garbpage216_216]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage32_32–33]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage144_144–146]_326-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_298]Garber1993[httpsarchiveorgdetailsvestedinterestsc00garbpage216_216]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage32_32–33]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage144_144–146]-326">[319]</a> She stated she would return to wearing women's clothes when she fulfilled her calling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178_316]-327">[320]</a> Although Joan's cross-dressing was used to justify her execution, the church's position on it was not clear. In general, it was seen as a sin, but there was no agreement about its severity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA61_61]-328">[321]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> stated that a woman may wear a man's clothes to hide herself from enemies or if no other clothes were available,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage43_42]-329">[322]</a> and Joan did both, wearing them in enemy territory to get to Chinon,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage92_92–93]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage41_41]-330">[323]</a> and in her prison cell after her abjuration when her dress was taken from her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]-331">[324]</a> Soon after the siege of Orléans was lifted, Jean Gerson said that Joan's male clothes and haircut were appropriate for her calling, as she was a warrior and men's clothes were more practical.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_301]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage184_184]_332-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_301]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage184_184]-332">[325]</a> Cross-dressing may have helped her maintain her virginity by deterring rape:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302–303]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage251_251–252]_333-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302–303]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage251_251–252]-333">[326]</a> witnesses at the nullification trial stated that Joan gave this as one of the reasons for returning to men's clothes after she had abjured wearing them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage216_216]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage219_219–220]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPR68_LXVII]_334-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage216_216]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage219_219–220]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPR68_LXVII]-334">[327]</a> However, scholars have stated that when she was imprisoned, wearing men's clothes would only have been a minor deterrent to rape as she was shackled most of the time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA64_64–65]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage58_58]-335">[328]</a> For most of her active life, Joan did not cross-dress to hide her gender.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullough1974Crane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_310]Sproles1996[httpswwwjstororgstable23539706_163]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage147_147]_336-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullough1974Crane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_310]Sproles1996[httpswwwjstororgstable23539706_163]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage147_147]-336">[329]</a> Rather, it may have functioned to emphasize her unique identity<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane2002[httpsarchiveorgdetailsperformanceofsel0000cranpage78_78]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage142_142]-337">[330]</a> as La Pucelle, a model of virtue that transcends <a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">gender roles</a> and inspires people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_305–306]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage146_146–147]_338-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_305–306]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage146_146–147]-338">[331]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> Joan is one of the most studied people of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepagen19_3]-339">[332]</a> partly because her two trials provided a wealth of documents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage16_16–17]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage6_4–6]-340">[333]</a> Her image, changing over time, has included being the savior of France, an obedient daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, an early feminist, and a symbol of freedom and independence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESexsmith1990[httpswwwjstororgstable42630458_125],_[httpswwwjstororgstable42630458seq5_129]-341">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_leader_and_symbol_of_France">Military leader and symbol of France</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Joan of Arc on horseback, with sword in right hand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Statue_of_Jeanne_d%27Arc_in_Orl%C3%A9ans_A_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3702" data-file-height="4303" /></a><figcaption>Joan of Arc, statue by <a href="/wiki/Denis_Foyatier" title="Denis Foyatier">Denis Foyatier</a> (1855, <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a>)</figcaption></figure> Joan's reputation as a military leader who helped drive the English from France began to form before her death. Just after Charles's coronation, <a href="/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan" title="Christine de Pizan">Christine de Pizan</a> wrote the poem Ditié de Jehanne D'Arc, celebrating Joan as a supporter of Charles sent by <a href="/wiki/Divine_Providence" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Providence">Divine Providence</a> and reflecting French optimism after the triumph at Orléans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedyVarty1977[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidqogHAQAAIAAJpgPA1_1]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage25_25]-342">[335]</a> As early as 1429, Orléans began holding a celebration in honor of the raising of the siege on 8 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamblin2003[httpsbooksgooglecombookside04BDgAAQBAJpgPA209_209]-343">[336]</a> After Joan's execution, her role in the Orléans victory encouraged popular support for her rehabilitation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage118_118]-344">[337]</a> Joan became a central part of the annual celebration, and by 1435, a play, Mistère du siège d'Orléans (Mystery of the Siege of Orléans),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamblin2003[httpsbooksgooglecombookside04BDgAAQBAJpgPA217_217]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage243_243]-345">[338]</a> portrayed her as the vehicle of the divine will that liberated Orléans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamblin1988[httpsjstororgstable1347436seq3_63–64]-346">[339]</a> The Orléans festival celebrating Joan continues in modern times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrléans2021PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage242_242–245]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage192_192]_347-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrléans2021PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage242_242–245]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage192_192]-347">[340]</a> Less than a decade after her rehabilitation trial, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_II" title="Pope Pius II">Pope Pius II</a> wrote a brief biography describing her as the maid who saved the kingdom of France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage350_350–352]-348">[341]</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a> commissioned a full-length biography of her c. 1500.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage316_316]RankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage3_3]-349">[342]</a> Joan's early legacy was closely associated with the <a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">divine right</a> of the monarchy to rule France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage56_56]Mackinnon1902[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgrowthdeclineoff00mackuoftpage78_78]Wood1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcrichard0000woodpage150_150]_350-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage56_56]Mackinnon1902[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgrowthdeclineoff00mackuoftpage78_78]Wood1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcrichard0000woodpage150_150]-350">[343]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, her reputation came into question because of her association with the monarchy and religion,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage15_15]Mock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage39_39]-351">[344]</a> and the festival in her honor held at Orléans was suspended in 1793.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance1909[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles1948819488-h19488-hhtmINTRODUCTION_lix–lx]-352">[345]</a> In 1803, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> authorized its renewal<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage256_256]-353">[346]</a> and the creation of a new statue of Joan at Orléans, stating, "The illustrious Joan ... proved that there is no miracle which French genius cannot accomplish when national independence is threatened."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConner2004[httpsarchiveorgdetailsageofnapoleon0000connpage89_89]Guillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage249_249]-354">[347]</a> Since then, she has become a prominent symbol as the defender of the French nation. After the French defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a>, Joan became a rallying point for a new crusade to reclaim Lorraine, the province of her birth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage250_250]Maddox2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrETxD8KcnUICpgPA444_444]-355">[348]</a> The <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> held a patriotic civic holiday in her honor<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248seq12_450]Mock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage144_144]-356">[349]</a> on 8 May to celebrate her victory at Orléans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage254_255]Sexsmith1990[httpswwwjstororgstable42630458seq5_129]-357">[350]</a> During World War I, her image was used to inspire victory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248seq11_449]Gaehtgens2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidYgldDwAAQBAJpgPA45_45]-358">[351]</a> In World War II, all sides of the French cause appealed to her legacy:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA130_130]-359">[352]</a> she was a symbol for <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248seq14_452]Cohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA130_130]-360">[353]</a> a model for <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>'s leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Free_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French">Free French</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA138_138]Dunn2021[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSG4HEAAAQBAJpgPA62_62]-361">[354]</a> and an example for the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance#Communists" title="French Resistance">Communist resistance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage220_220]-362">[355]</a> More recently, her association with the monarchy and national liberation has made her a symbol for the French far right, including the monarchist movement <a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2021[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSG4HEAAAQBAJpgPA62_62]-363">[356]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Front Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGildea1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid-JcLOEKvJ2kCpgPA165_165]Margolis1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage265_265]-364">[357]</a> Joan's image has been used by the entire spectrum of French politics,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248_439]Mock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage3_3]-365">[358]</a> and she is an important reference in political dialogue about French identity and unity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage145_145]-366">[359]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saint_and_heroic_woman">Saint and heroic woman</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Lynch_-_Jeanne_d%27Arc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Joan of Arc depicted with short black hair in full body armor holding a flag and a sword; the breastplate reads "Jesus and Mary" in Latin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Albert_Lynch_-_Jeanne_d%27Arc.jpg/170px-Albert_Lynch_-_Jeanne_d%27Arc.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Albert_Lynch_-_Jeanne_d%27Arc.jpg/255px-Albert_Lynch_-_Jeanne_d%27Arc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Albert_Lynch_-_Jeanne_d%27Arc.jpg/340px-Albert_Lynch_-_Jeanne_d%27Arc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption>Illustration by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lynch" title="Albert Lynch">Albert Lynch</a> (1903, in Figaro Illustré magazine)</figcaption></figure> Joan is a <a href="/wiki/Saint#Catholic_Church" title="Saint">saint</a> in the Roman Catholic Church. She was viewed as a religious figure in Orléans after the siege was lifted, and an annual <a href="/wiki/Panegyric" title="Panegyric">panegyric</a> was pronounced there on her behalf until the 1800s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGildea1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid-JcLOEKvJ2kCqpanegyric_155–156]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage311_311–312,_fn_24]-367">[360]</a> In 1849, the Bishop of Orlėans <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Dupanloup" title="Félix Dupanloup">Félix Dupanloup</a> delivered an oration that attracted international attention<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq223_238]-368">[361]</a> and in 1869, petitioned Rome to begin <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatification</a> proceedings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGildea1996PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage244_244–245]Taylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq23_238]-369">[362]</a> She was beatified by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a> in 1909, and <a href="/wiki/Canonization_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Canonization of Joan of Arc">canonized</a> on 16 May 1920 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage245_245]Taylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq25_240]-370">[363]</a> Her <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">feast day</a> is 30 May, the anniversary of her execution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page244_244]-371">[364]</a> In an <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_letter" title="Ecclesiastical letter">apostolic letter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> declared Joan one of the patron saints of France on 2 March 1922.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPius_XI1922[httpsarchiveorgdetailssim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1922-04-03_14_7page187_187]-372">[365]</a> Joan was canonized as a <a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage162_162]-373">[366]</a> not as a <a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Christian martyr</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChenu1990[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbookofchristianm00chenpage98_98]Ghezzi1996Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage106_106_fn8]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage264_264]_374-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChenu1990[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbookofchristianm00chenpage98_98]Ghezzi1996Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage106_106_fn8]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage264_264]-374">[367]</a> because she had been put to death by a canonically constituted court,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage256_256]-375">[368]</a> which executed her not for her faith in Christ,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidF3qFtB-Lq14CpgPA105_105]-376">[369]</a> but for her private revelation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]-377">[370]</a> Nevertheless, she has been popularly venerated as a martyr since her death:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen360_842]Meltzer2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SEPFzzpvp0CpgPA192_192]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage6_6],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage252_252]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29_fn86]_378-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen360_842]Meltzer2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SEPFzzpvp0CpgPA192_192]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage6_6],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage252_252]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29_fn86]-378">[371]</a> one who suffered for her modesty and purity,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage249_249]McInerney2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgrHIDAAAQBAJpgPA210_210]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgrHIDAAAQBAJpgPA211_211]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage30_30–31]_379-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage249_249]McInerney2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgrHIDAAAQBAJpgPA210_210]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgrHIDAAAQBAJpgPA211_211]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage30_30–31]-379">[372]</a> her country,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]Guillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage249_249]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage268_268]_380-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]Guillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage249_249]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage268_268]-380">[373]</a> and the strength of her convictions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChenu1990[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbookofchristianm00chenpage98_98–99]-381">[374]</a> Joan is also <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">remembered as a visionary</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(observance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commemoration (observance)">commemoration</a> on 30 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Calendar2021-3">[2]</a> She is revered in the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(religion)" title="Pantheon (religion)">pantheon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cao_Dai" class="mw-redirect" title="Cao Dai">Cao Dai</a> religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoal2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintroductiontowo2005unsepage208_208]-382">[375]</a> During her lifetime, Joan was already being compared to biblical women heroes, such as <a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judith#Main_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith">Judith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deborah" title="Deborah">Deborah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraioli1981[httpswwwjstororgstable2847364_811],_[httpswwwjstororgstable2847364seq3_813–814]-383">[376]</a> Her claim of virginity, which signified her virtue and sincerity,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage126_126–127]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage30_30–31]Meltzer2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SEPFzzpvp0CpgPA94_94]_384-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage126_126–127]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage30_30–31]Meltzer2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SEPFzzpvp0CpgPA94_94]-384">[377]</a> was upheld by women of status from both the Armagnac and Burgundian-English sides of the Hundred Years' War: Yolande of Aragon, Charles's mother-in-law, and <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Burgundy" title="Anne of Burgundy">Anne of Burgundy</a>, Duchess of Bedford.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page97_97],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page168_168]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage54_54],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage154_154]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage30_30–31],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage105_105]_385-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page97_97],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page168_168]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage54_54],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage154_154]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage30_30–31],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage105_105]-385">[378]</a> Joan has been described as a model of an autonomous woman who challenged traditions of masculinity and femininity<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage123_123–125]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage103_103]-386">[379]</a> to be heard as an individual<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1985[httpswwwjstororgstable40003571seq1_24–29]-387">[380]</a> in a patriarchal culture<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1985[httpswwwjstororgstable40003571seq1_24–29]-387">[380]</a>—setting her own course by heeding the voices of her visions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage127_127–129]-388">[381]</a> She fulfilled the traditionally male role of a military leader,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage104_104–105]Fraioli1981[httpswwwjstororgstable2847364seq7_817]Sproles1996[httpswwwjstororgstable23539706seq5_162]Taylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq2_217]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage216_216]_389-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage104_104–105]Fraioli1981[httpswwwjstororgstable2847364seq7_817]Sproles1996[httpswwwjstororgstable23539706seq5_162]Taylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq2_217]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage216_216]-389">[382]</a> while maintaining her status as a valiant woman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage104_104]-390">[383]</a> Merging qualities associated with both genders,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1985[httpswwwjstororgstable40003571seq4_29]-391">[384]</a> Joan has <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc">inspired numerous artistic and cultural works</a> for many centuries. In the nineteenth century, hundreds of works of art about her—including biographies, plays, and musical scores—were created in France, and her story became popular as an artistic subject in Europe and North America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2021[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSG4HEAAAQBAJpgPA38_38]-392">[385]</a> By the 1960s, she was the topic of thousands of books.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage16_16–17]-393">[386]</a> Her legacy has become global, and inspires novels, plays, poems, operas, films, paintings, children's books, advertising, computer games, comics and popular culture across the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA110_110]-394">[387]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_historical_interpretations_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc">Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Hachette" title="Jeanne Hachette">Jeanne Hachette</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> This historiated initial from the <a href="/wiki/Archives_Nationales_(France)" title="Archives Nationales (France)">Archives Nationales</a> has been dated to the second half of the 15th century, but it may be an <a href="/wiki/Art_forgery" title="Art forgery">art forgery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEContamine2007[httpsjournalsubuni-heidelbergdeindexphpfrarticleview45032_199]-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Her birthday is sometimes given as 6 January. This is based on a letter by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perceval_de_Boulainvilliers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perceval de Boulainvilliers (page does not exist)">Perceval de Boulainvilliers</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceval_de_Boulainvilliers" class="extiw" title="fr:Perceval de Boulainvilliers">fr</a>], a councillor of Charles VII, stating that Joan was born on the <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">feast of the Epiphany</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage6_6]-13">[12]</a> but his letter is filled with literary <a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">tropes</a> that make it questionable as a statement of fact.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage23_23]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage55_55]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage278_278]_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage23_23]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage55_55]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage278_278]-14">[13]</a> There is no other evidence of her being born on Epiphany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage265_265]-15">[14]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Fauquembergue's doodle on the margin of a Parliament's register is the only known contemporary representation of Joan. It is an <a href="/wiki/Artist%27s_impression" title="Artist's impression">artist's impression</a> depicting her with long hair and a dress rather than with her hair cut short and in armor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page31_31]Maddox2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrETxD8KcnUICpgPA442_442]-38">[36]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> The woman in this saying is assumed to refer to Isabeau of Bavaria,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage31_31]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage6_6]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage44_44]_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage31_31]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage6_6]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage44_44]-60">[57]</a> but this is uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams2010[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidXlnwD9UTCZYCpgPA47_47–49]Fraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage58_58]-61">[58]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> The details of Joan's abjuration are unclear because the original document, which may have been only eight lines long,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage290_290–291]-244">[240]</a> was replaced with a longer one in the official record.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage266_266–267]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage130_130–131]RankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage113_101]_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage266_266–267]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage130_130–131]RankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage113_101]-245">[241]</a> <a href="#CITEREFQuicherat1841a">Quicherat 1841a</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ProcesDeCondamnationV1/page/446">446–448</a> provides the official text of the abjuration document in French. See <a href="#CITEREFLinder2017">Linder 2017</a> for an English translation. </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> In the foreground of this allegorical work, Guillaume Bouillé, who opened the inquest, is handing Joan, who died twenty years previously but is symbolically present, the text of her rehabilitation. The figures in the background are <a href="/wiki/Jean_Br%C3%A9hal" title="Jean Bréhal">Jean Bréhal</a> (standing), the inquisitor; <a href="/wiki/Jean_Juv%C3%A9nal_des_Ursins" title="Jean Juvénal des Ursins">Jean Juvénal des Ursins</a>, archbishop of Reims (enthroned in the center); and one of the other commissioners (enthroned), either <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Chartier_(bishop)" title="Guillaume Chartier (bishop)">Guillaume Chartier (bishop)</a>, bishop of Paris or <a href="/wiki/Richard_Olivier_de_Longueil" title="Richard Olivier de Longueil">Richard Olivier de Longueil</a>, bishop of Coutances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELGPC2022-268">[263]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> For example, <a href="#CITEREFMackowiak2007">Mackowiak 2007</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/postmortemsolvin0000mack/page/138">138–139</a> points out problems with assuming Joan had schizophrenia, ergot poisoning or temporal lobe issues; <a href="#CITEREFHughes2005">Hughes 2005</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epilepsybehavior.com/article/S1525-5050(04)00354-3/fulltext">abstract</a> disputes the conjecture that she had epilepsy; <a href="#CITEREFNoresYakovleff1995">Nores & Yakovleff 1995</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/119218">abstract</a> argue against her visions being caused by tuberculosis; one of Joan's advocates at the canonization trial pointed out that her case did not meet the clinical descriptions of hysteria;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage222_222]-311">[305]</a> and <a href="#CITEREFRatnasuriya1986">Ratnasuriya 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/014107688607900413">234–235</a> critiques diagnosing Joan as a creative psychopath. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEContamine2007[httpsjournalsubuni-heidelbergdeindexphpfrarticleview45032_199]-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEContamine2007[httpsjournalsubuni-heidelbergdeindexphpfrarticleview45032_199]_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFContamine2007">Contamine 2007</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/fr/article/view/45032">199</a>: Cette miniature du XVe siècle, très soignée (l'étendard correspond exactement à la description que Jeanne d'Arc elle-même en donnera lors de son procès) ... Mais c'est précisément cette exactitude, et cette coïncidence, trop belle pour être vraie, qui éveillent—ou plutôt auraient dû éveiller—les soupçons ... [This miniature from the 15th century, very neat (the banner corresponds exactly to the description that Joan of Arc herself will give during her trial) ... But it is precisely this exactitude, and this coincidence, too good to be true, which arouses—or rather should have aroused—suspicion ...] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Calendar2021-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Calendar2021_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Calendar2021_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Calendar2021">The Calendar 2021</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220–221]-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220–221]_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220–221]_4-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/220">220–221</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage81_81]-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage81_81]_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/81">81</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage20_21]-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage20_21]_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/20">21</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220]-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220]_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220]_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage220_220]_7-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/220">220</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage268_268]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage247_247]-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage268_268]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage247_247]_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/268">268</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/247">247</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpagen19_xviii]-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpagen19_xviii]_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/n19">xviii</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage10_10]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage55_55]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage278_278]-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage10_10]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage55_55]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage278_278]_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/10">10</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/55">55</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/278">278</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDLP2021Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage10_10]-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDLP2021Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage10_10]_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDLP2021">DLP 2021</a>: Domrémy-La-Pucelle est situé en Lorraine, dans l'ouest du département des Vosges ... dans la vallée de la Meuse. ["Domrémy-La-Pucelle is located in Lorraine, in the western part of the Vosges department ... in the Meuse valley."]; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/10">10</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage10_10]-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage10_10]_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/10">10</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage6_6]-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage6_6]_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/6">6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage23_23]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage55_55]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage278_278]-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage23_23]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage55_55]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage278_278]_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/23">23</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/55">55</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/278">278</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage265_265]-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage265_265]_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/265">265</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page36_36]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage8_8]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT24_24]-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page36_36]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage8_8]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT24_24]_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/36">36</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/8">8</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2009">Taylor 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sV9kFj3O1noC&pg=PT24">24</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespagen15_1]-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespagen15_1]_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/n15">1</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage221_221]-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage221_221]_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/221">221</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen33_19–20]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage221_221]-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen33_19–20]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage221_221]_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n33">19–20</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/221">221</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAberth2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrombrinkofapoca0000aberpage50_50]-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAberth2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrombrinkofapoca0000aberpage50_50]_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAberth2000">Aberth 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frombrinkofapoca0000aber/page/50">50</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAberth2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrombrinkofapoca0000aberpage61_61]Perroy1959[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearswar0000perrpage69_69]-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAberth2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrombrinkofapoca0000aberpage61_61]Perroy1959[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearswar0000perrpage69_69]_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAberth2000">Aberth 2000</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frombrinkofapoca0000aber/page/61">61</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPerroy1959">Perroy 1959</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearswar0000perr/page/69">69</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAberth2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrombrinkofapoca0000aberpage85_85–86]-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAberth2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfrombrinkofapoca0000aberpage85_85–86]_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAberth2000">Aberth 2000</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frombrinkofapoca0000aber/page/85">85–86</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeward1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000sewapage143_143–144]-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeward1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000sewapage143_143–144]_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeward1982">Seward 1982</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearsware0000sewa/page/143">143–144</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage5_5]-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage5_5]_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage5_5]_25-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/5">5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeward1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000sewapage144_144]-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeward1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000sewapage144_144]_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeward1982">Seward 1982</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearsware0000sewa/page/144">144</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage168_168]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage21_21]-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage168_168]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage21_21]_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/168">168</a>; <a href="#CITEREFVale1974">Vale 1974</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/page/21">21</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage22_22],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage25_25]-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage22_22],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage25_25]_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVale1974">Vale 1974</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/page/22">22</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/page/25">25</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page19_19–22]Tuchman1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdistantmirrorcal00tuchpage583_583–585]-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page19_19–22]Tuchman1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdistantmirrorcal00tuchpage583_583–585]_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/19">19–22</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTuchman1982">Tuchman 1982</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/distantmirrorcal00tuch/page/583">583–585</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage29_29]Sizer2007-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage29_29]Sizer2007_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/29">29</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSizer2007">Sizer 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage26_26–27]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage142_142]-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage26_26–27]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage142_142]_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/26">26–27</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBurne1956">Burne 1956</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtwarmili0000burn/page/142">142</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage29_29]-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage29_29]_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/29">29</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibbons1996[httpswwwjstororgstable3679229seq21_71]-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibbons1996[httpswwwjstororgstable3679229seq21_71]_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGibbons1996">Gibbons 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3679229?seq=21">71</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage28_28–29]-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage28_28–29]_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/28">28–29</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage189_189]-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage189_189]_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/189">189</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurryHoskinsRichardsonSpencer2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtcompani0000currpage105_105]-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurryHoskinsRichardsonSpencer2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtcompani0000currpage105_105]_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCurryHoskinsRichardsonSpencer2015">Curry et al. 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtcompani0000curr/page/105">105</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage240_240–241]-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage240_240–241]_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/240">240–241</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page31_31]Maddox2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrETxD8KcnUICpgPA442_442]-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page31_31]Maddox2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrETxD8KcnUICpgPA442_442]_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/31">31</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMaddox2012">Maddox 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rETxD8KcnUIC&pg=PA442">442</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage21_21]-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage21_21]_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/21">21</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen29_15]-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen29_15]_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n29">15</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page89_89]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen29_15–16]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage24_24–25]-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page89_89]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen29_15–16]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage24_24–25]_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/89">89</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n29">15–16</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1936">Sackville-West 1936</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjoanofarcbo0000sack/page/24">24–25</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage171_171]-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage171_171]_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/171">171</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage20_20]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen35_21–22]-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage20_20]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen35_21–22]_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/20">20</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n35/">21–22</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage20_20]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage266_266]-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage20_20]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage266_266]_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/20">20</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/266">266</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen41_28–29]-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen41_28–29]_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n41">28–29</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage34_34–35]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage53_53–54]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT26_26]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT27_27]-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage34_34–35]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage53_53–54]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT26_26]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT27_27]_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/34">34–35</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1936">Sackville-West 1936</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjoanofarcbo0000sack/page/53">53–54</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2009">Taylor 2009</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sV9kFj3O1noC&pg=PT26">26</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sV9kFj3O1noC&pg=PT27">27</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage22_22]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage113_113]-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage22_22]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage113_113]_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarstow1986">Barstow 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcheretic0000bars/page/22">22</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/113">113</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage113_113]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage58_58]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage88_88]-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage113_113]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage58_58]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage88_88]_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/113">113</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1936">Sackville-West 1936</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjoanofarcbo0000sack/page/58">58</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1996">Sullivan 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/88">88</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage18_18]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage132_132]-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage18_18]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage132_132]_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarstow1986">Barstow 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcheretic0000bars/page/26">26</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/18">18</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/132">132</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage18_18]-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage18_18]_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarstow1986">Barstow 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcheretic0000bars/page/26">26</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/18">18</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage113_113]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage88_88–89]-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage113_113]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage88_88–89]_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/113">113</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1996">Sullivan 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/88">88–89</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Dworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage115_115–117]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage102_102–104]-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage26_26]Dworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage115_115–117]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage102_102–104]_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarstow1986">Barstow 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcheretic0000bars/page/26">26</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDworkin1987">Dworkin 1987</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intercourse0000dwor/page/115">115–117</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1996">Sullivan 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/102">102–104</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Dworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage107_107]-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Dworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage107_107]_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/24">24</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDworkin1987">Dworkin 1987</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intercourse0000dwor/page/107">107</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage25_25–26]-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage25_25–26]_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/25">25–26</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage33_33]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage119_119]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen47_24]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage14_14]-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage33_33]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage119_119]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen47_24]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage14_14]_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/33">33</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/119">119</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n47">24</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/14">14</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage64_64]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT34_34]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage25_25–26]-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage64_64]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT34_34]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage25_25–26]_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarstow1986">Barstow 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcheretic0000bars/page/64">64</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2009">Taylor 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sV9kFj3O1noC&pg=PT34">34</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/25">25–26</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage60_60]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage7_7]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage19_19]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage26_26]-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage60_60]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage7_7]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage19_19]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage26_26]_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFraioli2000">Fraioli 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcearlyde0000frai/page/60">60</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/7">7</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/19">19</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/26">26</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page40Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage9_9]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage44_44]-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page40Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage9_9]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage44_44]_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/40">[1]</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/9">9</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1962">Pernoud 1962</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcbyherse00pern/page/44">44</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage31_31]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage6_6]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage44_44]-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage31_31]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage6_6]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage44_44]_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/31">31</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/6">6</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1962">Pernoud 1962</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcbyherse00pern/page/44">44</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams2010[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidXlnwD9UTCZYCpgPA47_47–49]Fraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage58_58]-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams2010[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidXlnwD9UTCZYCpgPA47_47–49]Fraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage58_58]_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdams2010">Adams 2010</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XlnwD9UTCZYC&pg=PA47">47–49</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFraioli2000">Fraioli 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcearlyde0000frai/page/58">58</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage17_17]-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage17_17]_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/17">17</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page40_40–41]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage56_56–57]-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page40_40–41]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage56_56–57]_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/40">40–41</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/56">56–57</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen47_33–34]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage16_16–17]-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen47_33–34]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage16_16–17]_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n47">33–34</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/16">16–17</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage103_103]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage26_26]-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage103_103]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage26_26]_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/103">103</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/26">26</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage34_34]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage18_18]-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage34_34]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage18_18]_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/34">34</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/18">18</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage56_56],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage5668_68]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen56_42–43]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage88_88–90]-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage56_56],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage5668_68]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen56_42–43]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage88_88–90]_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/56">56</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/5668">68</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n56">42–43</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1936">Sackville-West 1936</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjoanofarcbo0000sack/page/88">88–90</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage18_18–19]-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage18_18–19]_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/18">18–19</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page27_27–28]-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page27_27–28]_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/27">27–28</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage76_67]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage56_56]-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage76_67]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage56_56]_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/76">67</a>; <a href="#CITEREFVale1974">Vale 1974</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/page/56">56</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage97_97–98]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page29_29]-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage97_97–98]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page29_29]_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/97">97–98</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/29">29</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page29_29]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage10_10]-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page29_29]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage10_10]_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/29">29</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/10">10</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage30_30]Goldstone2012[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidqueensecreth0000goldpage99_99–100]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage70_70]-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage30_30]Goldstone2012[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidqueensecreth0000goldpage99_99–100]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage70_70]_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/30">30</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGoldstone2012">Goldstone 2012</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maidqueensecreth0000gold/page/99">99–100</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1936">Sackville-West 1936</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjoanofarcbo0000sack/page/70">70</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen61_47]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage96_96–97]-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen61_47]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage96_96–97]_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n61">47</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1936">Sackville-West 1936</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjoanofarcbo0000sack/page/96">96–97</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page89_89]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage36_36]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage20_20]-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page89_89]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage36_36]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage20_20]_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/89">89</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/36">36</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/20">20</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage36_36]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen62_48]-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage36_36]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen62_48]_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/36">36</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n62">48</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage35_35]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage32_32–33]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage143_143–144]-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage35_35]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage32_32–33]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage143_143–144]_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/35">35</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/32">32–33</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/143">143–144</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen61_47]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage33_33]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage19_19–20]-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen61_47]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage33_33]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage19_19–20]_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n61">47</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/33">33</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/19">19–20</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_298]-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_298]_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrane1996">Crane 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">298</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage46_46]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage22_22]-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage46_46]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage22_22]_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVale1974">Vale 1974</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/page/46">46</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/22">22</a>, fn 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT29_29]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage4_4]-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT29_29]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage4_4]_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2009">Taylor 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sV9kFj3O1noC&pg=PT29">29</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/4">4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage40_40]-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage40_40]_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/40">40</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page90_91]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage50_50]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen71_57]-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page90_91]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage50_50]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen71_57]_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/90">91</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/50">50</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n71">57</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page48_48]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage51_51]-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page48_48]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage51_51]_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/48">48</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/51">51</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage53_53]-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage53_53]_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/53">53</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page96_96]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage53_53]-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page96_96]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage53_53]_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/96">96</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/53">53</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page50_50]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage34_34]-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page50_50]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage34_34]_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/50">50</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/34">34</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage108_108]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage56_56]-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage108_108]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage56_56]_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/108">108</a>; <a href="#CITEREFVale1974">Vale 1974</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/page/56">56</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage54_54]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage76_76]-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage54_54]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage76_76]_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/54">54</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/76">76</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage107_107]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage55_55]-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage107_107]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage55_55]_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/107">107</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/55">55</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage107_107]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage31_31]-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage107_107]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage31_31]_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/107">107</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/31">31</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage55_55]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage138_138]-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage55_55]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage138_138]_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMichelet1855">Michelet 1855</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/55">55</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1936">Sackville-West 1936</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjoanofarcbo0000sack/page/138">138</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page50_50–51]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage59_59–60]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage36_36–37]-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page50_50–51]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage59_59–60]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage36_36–37]_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/50">50–51</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/59">59–60</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/36">36–37</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage54_54]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage55_55]-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage54_54]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage55_55]_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/54">54</a>; <a href="#CITEREFVale1974">Vale 1974</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/page/55">55</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage43_43–44]-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage43_43–44]_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/43">43–44</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage108_108]-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage108_108]_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/108">108</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage55_55]-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage55_55]_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage55_55]_98-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFVale1974">Vale 1974</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/page/55">55</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page29_29]-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page29_29]_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/29">29</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage39_39]-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage39_39]_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/39">39</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage103_103–104]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage31_31]-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage103_103–104]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage31_31]_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/103">103–104</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/31">31</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage78_78–79]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage34_34–35]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage34_34–35]-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage78_78–79]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage34_34–35]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage34_34–35]_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/78">78–79</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/34">34–35</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/34">34–35</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage110_110]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page71_71]-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage110_110]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page71_71]_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/110">110</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/71">71</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage114_114]-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage114_114]_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/114">114</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage50_50]-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage50_50]_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/50">50</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage114_114–115]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage72_72]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage40_40–41]-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage114_114–115]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage72_72]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage40_40–41]_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/114">114–115</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/72">72</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/40">40–41</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage118_118]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage64_64]-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage118_118]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage64_64]_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/118">118</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/64">64</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage168_168]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage114_114]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage68_68]-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage168_168]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage114_114]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage68_68]_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/168">168</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/114">114</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/68">68</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage39_39]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page76_76]-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage39_39]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page76_76]_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/39">39</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/76">76</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage71_71],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage75_75]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage39_39]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage64_64]-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage71_71],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage75_75]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage39_39]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage64_64]_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/71">71</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/75">75</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/39">39</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/64">64</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage4_4]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage230_230]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage40_40]-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage4_4]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage230_230]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage40_40]_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1996">DeVries 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/4">4</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/230">230</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/40">40</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page103_103–104]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage86_86]-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page103_103–104]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage86_86]_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/103">103–104</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/86">86</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage116_116]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage74_74–75]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage43_43–44]-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage116_116]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage74_74–75]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage43_43–44]_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/116">116</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/74">74–75</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/43">43–44</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage150_150–151]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage57_57]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage43_44]-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage150_150–151]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage57_57]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage43_44]_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/150">150–151</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/57">57</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/43">44</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage117_117]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45]-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage117_117]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45]_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/117">117</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/45">45</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage117_117]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage58_58]-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage117_117]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage58_58]_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/117">117</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/45">45</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/58">58</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage118_118]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page82_82–85]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45–46]-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage118_118]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page82_82–85]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage45_45–46]_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/118">118</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/82">82–85</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/45">45–46</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page85_85]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage78_78]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage46_46]-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page85_85]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage78_78]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage46_46]_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/85">85</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/78">78</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/46">46</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage79_79–78]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage47_47]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage61_61]-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage79_79–78]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage47_47]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage61_61]_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/79">79–78</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/47">47</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/61">61</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage119_119]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page91_91]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage81_81]-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage119_119]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page91_91]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage81_81]_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/119">119</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/91">91</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/81">81</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage22_22]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage63_63]-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage22_22]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage63_63]_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/22">22</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/63">63</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage56_56]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage63_63]-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage56_56]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage63_63]_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/56">56</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/63">63</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidul8dKmHXYt0CpgPA87_87]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidul8dKmHXYt0CpgPA88_88]-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidul8dKmHXYt0CpgPA87_87]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidul8dKmHXYt0CpgPA88_88]_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFraioli2000">Fraioli 2000</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ul8dKmHXYt0C&pg=PA87">87</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ul8dKmHXYt0C&pg=PA88">88</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage80_80–81]-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage80_80–81]_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMichelet1855">Michelet 1855</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/80">80–81</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELang1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidoffrancebein00languoftpage146_146–147]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage63_63]-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELang1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidoffrancebein00languoftpage146_146–147]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage63_63]_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLang1909">Lang 1909</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maidoffrancebein00languoft/page/146">146–147</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/63">63</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyd1986[httpswwwjstororgstable20716744seq5_116]DeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage10_10]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage87_87]Seward1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000sewapage213_213–214]-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyd1986[httpswwwjstororgstable20716744seq5_116]DeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage10_10]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage87_87]Seward1982[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000sewapage213_213–214]_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoyd1986">Boyd 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20716744&?seq=5">116</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1996">DeVries 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/10">10</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/87">87</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSeward1982">Seward 1982</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearsware0000sewa/page/213">213–214</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage169_169–170]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage56_157]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage66_66]-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage169_169–170]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage56_157]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage66_66]_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/169">169–170</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/56">157</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/66">66</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage128_128]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage66_66]-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage128_128]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage66_66]_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/128">128</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/66">66</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page102_102]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage90_90]-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page102_102]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage90_90]_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/102">102</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/90">90</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page114_114]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage127_127–128]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen132_116]-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page114_114]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage127_127–128]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen132_116]_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/114">114</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/127">127–128</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n132">116</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page101_101]Barker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage120_120]-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page101_101]Barker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage120_120]_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/101">101</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/120">120</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage250_250]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page104_104]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage131_131]-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage250_250]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page104_104]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage131_131]_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurne1956">Burne 1956</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtwarmili0000burn/page/250">250</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/104">104</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/131">131</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage250_250]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page115_115]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page105_105]-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage250_250]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page115_115]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page105_105]_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurne1956">Burne 1956</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtwarmili0000burn/page/250">250</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/115">115</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/105">105</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage120_120–121]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page104_104]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage132_132]-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage120_120–121]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page104_104]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage132_132]_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/120">120–121</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/104">104</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/132">132</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage93_93]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen141_126]-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage93_93]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen141_126]_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/93">93</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n141">126</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage252_252]-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage252_252]_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurne1956">Burne 1956</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtwarmili0000burn/page/252">252</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage121_121]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage252_252]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage94_94–91]-137"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage121_121]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage252_252]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage94_94–91]_137-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/121">121</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBurne1956">Burne 1956</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtwarmili0000burn/page/252">252</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/94">94–91</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage122_122]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage253_253–254]-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage122_122]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage253_253–254]_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/122">122</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBurne1956">Burne 1956</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtwarmili0000burn/page/253">253–254</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage122_122]-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage122_122]_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/122">122</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page118_118]-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page118_118]_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/118">118</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage98_98]-141"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage98_98]_141-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/98">98</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page120_120]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage98_98]-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page120_120]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage98_98]_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/120">120</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/98">98</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage256_256]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage100_100]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage176_176–177]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage75_75]-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage256_256]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage100_100]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage176_176–177]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage75_75]_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurne1956">Burne 1956</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtwarmili0000burn/page/256">256</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/100">100</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/176">176–177</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/75">75</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage101_101–103],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage105_105]-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage101_101–103],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage105_105]_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/126">126</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/101">101–103</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/105">105</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage86_86–87]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage62_62]-145"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage86_86–87]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage62_62]_145-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMichelet1855">Michelet 1855</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/86">86–87</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/62">62</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage261_261]-146"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage261_261]_146-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/126">126</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBurne1956">Burne 1956</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtwarmili0000burn/page/261">261</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page128_128]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage106_106]-147"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page128_128]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage106_106]_147-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/128">128</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/106">106</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page130_130]-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page130_130]_148-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/126">126</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/130">130</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page130_130]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage87_87]-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page130_130]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage87_87]_149-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/130">130</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMichelet1855">Michelet 1855</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/87">87</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page130_130]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage89_89–90]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage63_63]-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page130_130]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage89_89–90]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage63_63]_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/130">130</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMichelet1855">Michelet 1855</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/89">89–90</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/63">63</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page133_133]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage159_159]-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page133_133]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage159_159]_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/133">133</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/159">159</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage162_162]-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage126_126]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage162_162]_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/126">126</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/162">162</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page134_134]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage112_112]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage66_66]-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page134_134]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage112_112]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage66_66]_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/134">134</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/112">112</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/66">66</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage72_72]-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage72_72]_154-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/72">72</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page140_140]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen179_163–164]-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page140_140]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen179_163–164]_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/140">140</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n179">163–164</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage128_128]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage72_72]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage78_78]-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage128_128]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage72_72]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage78_78]_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/128">128</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/72">72</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/78">78</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page147_147]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage200_200–201]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen179_163–164]-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page147_147]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage200_200–201]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen179_163–164]_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/147">147</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/200">200–201</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n179">163–164</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage130_130]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page142_142]-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage130_130]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page142_142]_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/130">130</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/142">142</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage132_132]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page142_142–143]-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage132_132]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page142_142–143]_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/132">132</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/142">142–143</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page144_144]-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page144_144]_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/144">144</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage134_134]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page150_150]-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage134_134]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page150_150]_161-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/134">134</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/150">150</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage136_136]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage77_77]-162"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage136_136]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage77_77]_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/136">136</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/77">77</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage136_136]-163"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage136_136]_163-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/136">136</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page152_152–153]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage78_78]-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page152_152–153]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage78_78]_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/152">152–153</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/78">78</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page152_152]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage126_126]-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page152_152]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage126_126]_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/152">152</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/126">126</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page156_156]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage130_130]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage209_209]-166"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page156_156]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage130_130]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage209_209]_166-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/156">156</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/130">130</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/209">209</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page143_143]-167"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page143_143]_167-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/143">143</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage136_136–137]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page153_153]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage78_78–79]-168"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage136_136–137]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page153_153]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage78_78–79]_168-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/136">136–137</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/153">153</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/78">78–79</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage137_137–138]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page157_157]-169"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage137_137–138]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page157_157]_169-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/137">137–138</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/157">157</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page157_157]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage81_81]-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page157_157]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage81_81]_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/157">157</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/81">81</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage137_137]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page149_149]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen207_191]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage81_81]-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage137_137]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page149_149]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen207_191]Richey2003[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcwarrior0000richpage81_81]_171-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/137">137</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/149">149</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n207">191</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichey2003">Richey 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/81">81</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage134_134]-172"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage134_134]_172-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/134">134</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage193_193]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage81_81]-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage193_193]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage81_81]_173-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/193">193</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/81">81</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage132_132]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page145_145]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage174_174]-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage132_132]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page145_145]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage174_174]_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/132">132</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/145">145</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/174">174</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELang1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidoffrancebein00languoftpage199_199]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen209_193]-175"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELang1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidoffrancebein00languoftpage199_199]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen209_193]_175-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLang1909">Lang 1909</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maidoffrancebein00languoft/page/199">199</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n209">193</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage138_138]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page165_165]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage212_212–214]-176"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage138_138]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page165_165]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage212_212–214]_176-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/138">138</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/165">165</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/212">212–214</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage84_84]-177"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage84_84]_177-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/84">84</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage146_146]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page167_167–168]-178"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage146_146]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page167_167–168]_178-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/146">146</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/167">167–168</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page166_166]-179"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page166_166]_179-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/166">166</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage136_136]-180"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage136_136]_180-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/168">168</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/136">136</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELang1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidoffrancebein00languoftpage226_226]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage84_84–85]Vale1974-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELang1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmaidoffrancebein00languoftpage226_226]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage84_84–85]Vale1974_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLang1909">Lang 1909</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maidoffrancebein00languoft/page/226">226</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/84">84–85</a>; <a href="#CITEREFVale1974">Vale 1974</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage146_146]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168]-182"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage146_146]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168]_182-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/146">146</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/168">168</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage136_136]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage152_152]-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage136_136]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage152_152]_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/136">136</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/152">152</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage136_136]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage84_85]-184"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage136_136]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage84_85]_184-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/136">136</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/84">85</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168–169]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage86_86]-185"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168–169]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage86_86]_185-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/168">168–169</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/86">86</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page169_169]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage137_137–138]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage85_85]-186"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page169_169]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage137_137–138]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage85_85]_186-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/169">169</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/137">137–138</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/85">85</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page169_169]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage138_138]-187"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page169_169]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage138_138]_187-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/169">169</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/138">138</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page171_171]-188"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page171_171]_188-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/171">171</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage139_139]-189"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage139_139]_189-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/139">139</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage86_86]-190"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage86_86]_190-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/86">86</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage146_146]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page174_174–177]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage227_227–228]-191"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage146_146]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page174_174–177]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage227_227–228]_191-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/146">146</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/174">174–177</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/227">227–228</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage88_88]-192"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage88_88]_192-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/88">88</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage142_142]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage92_92]-193"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage142_142]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage92_92]_193-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/142">142</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/92">92</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page163_163]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage149_149]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage113_113]-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page163_163]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage149_149]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage113_113]_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/163">163</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/149">149</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/113">113</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97]-195"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97]_195-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/97">97</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage111_111–112]-196"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage111_111–112]_196-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRankinQuintal1964">Rankin & Quintal 1964</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbiographyof0000rank/page/111">111–112</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChampion1920[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160818165959httpssourcebooksfordhamedubasisjoanofarc-trialasp_405]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage208_208–209]-197"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChampion1920[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160818165959httpssourcebooksfordhamedubasisjoanofarc-trialasp_405]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage208_208–209]_197-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChampion1920">Champion 1920</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818165959/https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/joanofarc-trial.asp">405</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/208">208–209</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page162_162–163]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage210_210–211]-198"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page162_162–163]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage210_210–211]_198-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/162">162–163</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/210">210–211</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage22_22]-199"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage22_22]_199-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/22">22</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page183_183]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage212_212]-200"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page183_183]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage212_212]_200-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/183">183</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/97">97</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/212">212</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page164_164]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage100_100–101]-201"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page164_164]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage100_100–101]_201-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/164">164</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/100">100–101</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage143_143–144]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97–98]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage58_58–59]-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage143_143–144]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page168_168]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage97_97–98]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage58_58–59]_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/143">143–144</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/168">168</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/97">97–98</a>; <a href="#CITEREFVale1974">Vale 1974</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/page/58">58–59</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage14_14–15]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpagen14_xviii]Russell1972[httpsarchiveorgdetailswitchcraftinmidd0000russpage262_262]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage22_22]-203"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage14_14–15]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpagen14_xviii]Russell1972[httpsarchiveorgdetailswitchcraftinmidd0000russpage262_262]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage22_22]_203-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/14">14–15</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/n14">xviii</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRussell1972">Russell 1972</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/witchcraftinmidd0000russ/page/262">262</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/22">22</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage24_24]-204"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage24_24]_204-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/24">24</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage207_207–208]-205"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage207_207–208]_205-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/207">207–208</a>; See <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/157">157–164</a> for a complete translation of the articles. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidTnqLow3iKd4CpgPA69_69]Weiskopf1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage118_118]-206"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidTnqLow3iKd4CpgPA69_69]Weiskopf1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage118_118]_206-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeters1989">Peters 1989</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TnqLow3iKd4C&pg=PA69">69</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWeiskopf1996">Weiskopf 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/118">118</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott2002[httpswwwjstororgstable101086532095seq21_46–47]-207"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott2002[httpswwwjstororgstable101086532095seq21_46–47]_207-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFElliott2002">Elliott 2002</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/532095?seq=21">46–47</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage20_20]-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage20_20]_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/20">20</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage146_146–147]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage107_107]-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage146_146–147]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage107_107]_209-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/146">146–147</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/107">107</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage4_4]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage3_3]Verger1972[httpsarchiveorgdetailsuniversitiesinpo0000unsepage53_53–54]-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage4_4]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage3_3]Verger1972[httpsarchiveorgdetailsuniversitiesinpo0000unsepage53_53–54]_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/4">4</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/3">3</a>; <a href="#CITEREFVerger1972">Verger 1972</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/universitiesinpo0000unse/page/53">53–54</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage8_8]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq33_1023–1024]Sullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178seq7_313]-211"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage8_8]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq33_1023–1024]Sullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178seq7_313]_211-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/8">8</a>; <a href="#CITEREFKelly1993">Kelly 1993</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2865494?seq=33">1023–1024</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan2011">Sullivan 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23347178?seq=7">313</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage20_20–21]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage106_106]-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage20_20–21]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage106_106]_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/20">20–21</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/106">106</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage102_102]-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage102_102]_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/102">102</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpagen13_xiii]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage102_102–103]-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpagen13_xiii]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage102_102–103]_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/n13">xiii</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/156">156</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/102">102–103</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewhall1934[httpswwwjstororgstable2846456seq2_89]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage47_47]-215"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewhall1934[httpswwwjstororgstable2846456seq2_89]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage47_47]_215-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewhall1934">Newhall 1934</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2846456?seq=2">89</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/47">47</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage214_214]-216"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage214_214]_216-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/214">214</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage23_23]-217"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage23_23]_217-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/156">156</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/23">23</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage4_4]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage23_23]-218"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage4_4]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage23_23]_218-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/4">4</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/23">23</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage253_253]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage23_23]-219"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage253_253]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage23_23]_219-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/253">253</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/23">23</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage166_166]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage48_48]-220"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage166_166]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage48_48]_220-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1962">Pernoud 1962</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcbyherse00pern/page/166">166</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/48">48</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage18_18]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage108_108]Sullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178seq5_311]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29]-221"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage18_18]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage108_108]Sullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178seq5_311]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29]_221-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/18">18</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/108">108</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan2011">Sullivan 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23347178?seq=5">311</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/29">29</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_157]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage7_7]Peters1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidTnqLow3iKd4CpgPA69_69]-222"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_157]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage7_7]Peters1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidTnqLow3iKd4CpgPA69_69]_222-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/156">157</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/7">7</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPeters1989">Peters 1989</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TnqLow3iKd4C&pg=PA69">69</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage26_26]-223"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage26_26]_223-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/26">26</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage154_154]-224"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage154_154]_224-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/154">154</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage254_234–255]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq28_1018],_[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq32_1022]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage24_24–25]-225"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage254_234–255]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq28_1018],_[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq32_1022]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage24_24–25]_225-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/254">234–255</a>; <a href="#CITEREFKelly1993">Kelly 1993</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2865494?&seq=28">1018</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2865494?&seq=32">1022</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/24">24–25</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq32_1022]-226"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstablepdf2865494seq32_1022]_226-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelly1993">Kelly 1993</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2865494?&seq=32">1022</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidTnqLow3iKd4CpgPA69_69]-227"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidTnqLow3iKd4CpgPA69_69]_227-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeters1989">Peters 1989</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TnqLow3iKd4C&pg=PA69">69</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage88_88–89]-228"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage88_88–89]_228-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/88">88–89</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage7_7]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage25_25,_fn_79]-229"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage7_7]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage25_25,_fn_79]_229-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/7">7</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/25">25, fn 79</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1997[httpswwwjstororgstable29759909seq4_54]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstable2865494seq28_1018]-230"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank1997[httpswwwjstororgstable29759909seq4_54]Kelly1993[httpswwwjstororgstable2865494seq28_1018]_230-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrank1997">Frank 1997</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29759909?&seq=4">54</a>; <a href="#CITEREFKelly1993">Kelly 1993</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2865494?&seq=28">1018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1997[httpswwwjstororgstable29759909seq4_54]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156–157]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage126_126]-231"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank1997[httpswwwjstororgstable29759909seq4_54]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage156_156–157]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage126_126]_231-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrank1997">Frank 1997</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29759909?&seq=4">54</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/156">156–157</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/126">126</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage7_7]RankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage113_101]-232"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage7_7]RankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage113_101]_232-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/7">7</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRankinQuintal1964">Rankin & Quintal 1964</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbiographyof0000rank/page/113">101</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage160_160]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCq22Joan27s20knowledge20of20tactics22_160]-233"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage160_160]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCq22Joan27s20knowledge20of20tactics22_160]_233-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/160">160</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2009">Taylor 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sV9kFj3O1noC&q=%22Joan%27s%20knowledge%20of%20tactics%22">160</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage102_102]-234"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage102_102]_234-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/102">102</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage160_160]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage102_102]-235"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage160_160]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage102_102]_235-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/160">160</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/102">102</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage92_93]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage166_166]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage112_112]-236"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage92_93]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage166_166]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage112_112]_236-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarstow1986">Barstow 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcheretic0000bars/page/92">93</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/166">166</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/112">112</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage166_166]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage238_238]-237"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage166_166]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage238_238]_237-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/166">166</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/238">238</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage206_206]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage127_127–128]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage256_256]-238"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage206_206]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage127_127–128]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage256_256]_238-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/206">206</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/127">127–128</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/256">256</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage208_208–209]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage288_288]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage129_129]-239"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage208_208–209]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage288_288]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage129_129]_239-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/208">208–209</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/288">288</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/129">129</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page186_186]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen335_318]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage129_129]-240"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page186_186]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen335_318]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage129_129]_240-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/186">186</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n335">318</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/129">129</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage212_212]-241"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage212_212]_241-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/212">212</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page190_190]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage214_214]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage131_131]-242"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page190_190]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage214_214]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage131_131]_242-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/190">190</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/214">214</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/131">131</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage115_115–116]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page190_190]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage131_131]-243"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage115_115–116]Castor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page190_190]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage131_131]_243-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarstow1986">Barstow 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcheretic0000bars/page/115">115–116</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/190">190</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/131">131</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage290_290–291]-244"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage290_290–291]_244-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/290">290–291</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage266_266–267]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage130_130–131]RankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage113_101]-245"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage266_266–267]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage130_130–131]RankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage113_101]_245-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/266">266–267</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/130">130–131</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRankinQuintal1964">Rankin & Quintal 1964</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbiographyof0000rank/page/113">101</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMegivern1997[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdeathpenaltyhist1997megipage128_128]-247"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMegivern1997[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdeathpenaltyhist1997megipage128_128]_247-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMegivern1997">Megivern 1997</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deathpenaltyhist1997megi/page/128">128</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoonan1998[httpswwwjstororgstable25025339_703]-248"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoonan1998[httpswwwjstororgstable25025339_703]_248-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoonan1998">Noonan 1998</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25025339">703</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly2014[httpswwwjstororgstable43577195seq14_949]Noonan1987[httpsjstororgstable1051025seq3_204–205]-249"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly2014[httpswwwjstororgstable43577195seq14_949]Noonan1987[httpsjstororgstable1051025seq3_204–205]_249-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelly2014">Kelly 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43577195?seq=14">949</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNoonan1987">Noonan 1987</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jstor.org/stable/1051025?seq=3">204–205</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoonan1987[httpswwwjstororgstable1051025_203]-250"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoonan1987[httpswwwjstororgstable1051025_203]_250-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoonan1987">Noonan 1987</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1051025">203</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage37_37]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage271_271]-251"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage37_37]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage271_271]_251-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchibanoff1996">Schibanoff 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/37">37</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/271">271</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA64_64–65]-252"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA64_64–65]_252-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHotchkiss2000">Hotchkiss 2000</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=frPPPIJvUDgC&pg=PA64">64–65</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage138_138_fn3]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage269_269]-253"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage138_138_fn3]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage269_269]_253-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/138">138 fn3</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/269">269</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302–303]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage216_216]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage273_273]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage222_222]-254"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302–303]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage216_216]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage273_273]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage222_222]_254-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrane1996">Crane 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">302–303</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/216">216</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/273">273</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMichelet1855">Michelet 1855</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/222">222</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage272_272]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]-255"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage272_272]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]_255-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHotchkiss2000">Hotchkiss 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=frPPPIJvUDgC&pg=PA66">66</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/272">272</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/132">132</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen347_329]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage273_273]-256"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen347_329]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage273_273]_256-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n347">329</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/273">273</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullough1974[httpswwwjstororgstable2777140seq9_1389]Crane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132–133]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage132_132–133]-257"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullough1974[httpswwwjstororgstable2777140seq9_1389]Crane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132–133]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage132_132–133]_257-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBullough1974">Bullough 1974</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2777140?seq=9">1389</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCrane1996">Crane 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">302</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/24">24</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/132">132–133</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/132">132–133</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24–25]-258"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24–25]_258-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/217">217</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/24">24–25</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage218_218–219]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage134_134–135]-259"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage218_218–219]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage134_134–135]_259-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/218">218–219</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/134">134–135</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage198_198]Sullivan1999Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage139_139]-260"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage198_198]Sullivan1999Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage139_139]_260-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/198">198</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/139">139</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage219_219–220]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage296_296]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage279_279–280]-261"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage219_219–220]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage296_296]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage279_279–280]_261-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/219">219–220</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/296">296</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/279">279–280</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage148_148]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage225_225]-262"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage148_148]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage225_225]_262-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/148">148</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/225">225</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage135_135]-263"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage135_135]_263-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/223">223</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/135">135</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage282_281–282]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage228_228–229]-264"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage282_281–282]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage228_228–229]_264-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/282">281–282</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMichelet1855">Michelet 1855</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/228">228–229</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage222_223]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen359_341]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage238_238]-265"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage222_223]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen359_341]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage238_238]_265-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/222">223</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n359">341</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMichelet1855">Michelet 1855</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/238">238</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage282_282–283]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage136_136]-266"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage282_282–283]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage136_136]_266-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/223">223</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/282">282–283</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/136">136</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen359_341]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage137_137]-267"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage223_223]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen359_341]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage137_137]_267-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/223">223</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n359">341</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/137">137</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELGPC2022-268"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELGPC2022_268-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLGPC2022">LGPC 2022</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage57_57]CurryHoskinsRichardsonSpencer2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtcompani0000currpage106_106]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage496_496–497]-270"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage57_57]CurryHoskinsRichardsonSpencer2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtcompani0000currpage106_106]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage496_496–497]_270-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllmand1988">Allmand 1988</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearsware0000allm/page/57">57</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCurryHoskinsRichardsonSpencer2015">Curry et al. 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtcompani0000curr/page/106">106</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFuller1954">Fuller 1954</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/militaryhistoryo01full/page/496">496–497</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage57_57]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage490_490]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage166_166]-271"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage57_57]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage490_490]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage166_166]_271-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllmand1988">Allmand 1988</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearsware0000allm/page/57">57</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFuller1954">Fuller 1954</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/militaryhistoryo01full/page/490">490</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/166">166</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage229_229]-272"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage229_229]_272-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/229">229</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage228_228]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page186_186]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage494_494]-273"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2009[httpsarchiveorgdetailsconquestenglishk0000barkpage228_228]DeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page186_186]Fuller1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmilitaryhistoryo01fullpage494_494]_273-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker2009">Barker 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/228">228</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/186">186</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFuller1954">Fuller 1954</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/militaryhistoryo01full/page/494">494</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage36_36]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage342_342]-274"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllmand1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailshundredyearsware0000allmpage36_36]Burne1956[httpsarchiveorgdetailsagincourtwarmili0000burnpage342_342]_274-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllmand1988">Allmand 1988</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearsware0000allm/page/36">36</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBurne1956">Burne 1956</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtwarmili0000burn/page/342">342</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page230_230]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage231_231]-275"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page230_230]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage231_231]_275-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/230">230</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/231">231</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page224_224]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage230_230]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage313_313–314]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage62_62]-276"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page224_224]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage230_230]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage313_313–314]Vale1974[httpsarchiveorgdetailscharlesvii0000valepage62_62]_276-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/224">224</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/230">230</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/313">313–314</a>; <a href="#CITEREFVale1974">Vale 1974</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/page/62">62</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage3_3–4]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage189_189]-277"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage3_3–4]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage189_189]_277-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1955">Pernoud 1955</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retrialofjoanofa00regi/page/3">3–4</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/189">189</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage230_230]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage149_149–155]-278"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage230_230]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage149_149–155]_278-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/230">230</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/149">149–155</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage121_121]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage18_318]-279"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage121_121]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage18_318]_279-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/121">121</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1955">Pernoud 1955</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retrialofjoanofa00regi/page/18">318</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page228_228–229]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage151_151]-280"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page228_228–229]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage151_151]_280-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/228">228–229</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/122">122</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/151">151</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page228_228–229]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage4_4]-281"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page228_228–229]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage4_4]_281-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/228">228–229</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/4">4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage152_152–155]-282"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage152_152–155]_282-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/152">152–155</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage34_34]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]-283"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage34_34]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]_283-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1955">Pernoud 1955</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retrialofjoanofa00regi/page/34">34</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/190">190</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122–123]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen368_350–351]Murray1902[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles5738957389-h57389-hhtmPage_372_372]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]-284"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122–123]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen368_350–351]Murray1902[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles5738957389-h57389-hhtmPage_372_372]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]_284-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/122">122–123</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n368">350–351</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMurray1902">Murray 1902</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/57389/57389-h/57389-h.htm#Page_372">372</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/190">190</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage264_264]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]-285"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage264_264]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]_285-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1962">Pernoud 1962</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcbyherse00pern/page/264">264</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/190">190</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_128]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen367_350]-286"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_128]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen367_350]_286-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/122">128</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n367">350</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage37_37]-287"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage37_37]_287-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1955">Pernoud 1955</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retrialofjoanofa00regi/page/37">37</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage235_235]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122]-288"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage235_235]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage122_122]_288-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/235">235</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/122">122</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage124_124]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen369_351]Murray1902[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles5738957389-h57389-hhtmPage_373_373]-289"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage124_124]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen369_351]Murray1902[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles5738957389-h57389-hhtmPage_373_373]_289-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/124">124</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n369">351</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMurray1902">Murray 1902</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/57389/57389-h/57389-h.htm#Page_373">373</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage235_235]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen369_351]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage37_37]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]-290"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage235_235]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen369_351]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage37_37]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]_290-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/235">235</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n369">351</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1955">Pernoud 1955</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retrialofjoanofa00regi/page/37">37</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/190">190</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage156_156]-291"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage156_156]_291-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/156">156</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage236_236]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen373_355]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage287_287–288]-292"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage236_236]Lowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen373_355]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage287_287–288]_292-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/236">236</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n373">355</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1955">Pernoud 1955</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retrialofjoanofa00regi/page/287">287–288</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENapier2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidH2AuDwAAQBApgPT62_67]-293"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENapier2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidH2AuDwAAQBApgPT62_67]_293-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNapier2017">Napier 2017</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H2AuDwAAQBA&pg=PT62">67</a>; see <a href="#CITEREFBréhal1456">Bréhal 1456</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jean-brehal-grand-inquisiteur-de-france/page/104">pt I, ch. VIII (p. 104-105) </a>: Unde, quatinus ille episcopus et alii in hoc ei faventes se a malicia manifesta contra ecclesiam romanam, aut etiam ab heresi, se debite excusare possent, non video. [How that bishop [Cauchon] and others who favored him in this respect [that is, in continuing the trial] can excuse themselves from malice toward the Roman Church, or even from heresy, I cannot see.] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page241_241]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage237_237]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage268_268]-294"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page241_241]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage237_237]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage268_268]_294-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/241">241</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/237">237</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1962">Pernoud 1962</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcbyherse00pern/page/268">268</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24–25]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage33_33]-295"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217]Hobbins2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailstrialofjoanofarc00danipage24_24–25]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage33_33]_295-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/217">217</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHobbins2005">Hobbins 2005</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/24">24–25</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/33">33</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage13_13],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage27_27]-296"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage13_13],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage27_27]_296-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/24">24</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/13">13</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/27">27</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage86_86]Weiskopf1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage127_127]-297"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage24_24]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage86_86]Weiskopf1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage127_127]_297-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/24">24</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1996">Sullivan 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/86">86</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWeiskopf1996">Weiskopf 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/127">127</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage32_32]-298"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage32_32]_298-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/32">32</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29]-299"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29]_299-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/29">29</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage236_236]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage140_140]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]-300"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage236_236]Lightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage140_140]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage190_190]_300-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/236">236</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/140">140</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/190">190</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage222_220–223]-301"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage222_220–223]_301-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelly1996">Kelly 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/222">220–223</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage35_35–36]Henker1984[httpspubmedncbinlmnihgov6390693_abstract]Schildkrout2017[httpsajppsychiatryonlineorgdoi101176appiajp201717080948_§6]-302"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage35_35–36]Henker1984[httpspubmedncbinlmnihgov6390693_abstract]Schildkrout2017[httpsajppsychiatryonlineorgdoi101176appiajp201717080948_§6]_302-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/35">35–36</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHenker1984">Henker 1984</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6390693/">abstract</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSchildkrout2017">Schildkrout 2017</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17080948">§6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEd'OrsiTinuper2006[httpswwwepilepsybehaviorcomarticleS1525-50500600175-2fulltext_abstract]Foote-SmithBayne1991[httpsonlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1528-11571991tb05537x_abstract]NicastroFabienne2016[httpswwwepilepsybehaviorcomarticleS1525-50501500698-8fulltext_abstract]-303"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEd'OrsiTinuper2006[httpswwwepilepsybehaviorcomarticleS1525-50500600175-2fulltext_abstract]Foote-SmithBayne1991[httpsonlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j1528-11571991tb05537x_abstract]NicastroFabienne2016[httpswwwepilepsybehaviorcomarticleS1525-50501500698-8fulltext_abstract]_303-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFd'OrsiTinuper2006">d'Orsi & Tinuper 2006</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epilepsybehavior.com/article/S1525-5050(06)00175-2/fulltext">abstract</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFoote-SmithBayne1991">Foote-Smith & Bayne 1991</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1991.tb05537.x">abstract</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNicastroFabienne2016">Nicastro & Fabienne 2016</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epilepsybehavior.com/article/S1525-5050(15)00698-8/fulltext">abstract</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERatnasuriya1986[httpsjournalssagepubcomdoipdf101177014107688607900413_235]-304"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERatnasuriya1986[httpsjournalssagepubcomdoipdf101177014107688607900413_235]_304-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRatnasuriya1986">Ratnasuriya 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/014107688607900413">235</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShermanZimmerman2008[httpswwwtandfonlinecomdoiabs101300J053v02n03_08_abstract]-305"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShermanZimmerman2008[httpswwwtandfonlinecomdoiabs101300J053v02n03_08_abstract]_305-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShermanZimmerman2008">Sherman & Zimmerman 2008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J053v02n03_08">abstract</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen1975[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131228212724httpswwwmedievalistsnetfiles09012321pdf_4–7]-306"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1975[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131228212724httpswwwmedievalistsnetfiles09012321pdf_4–7]_306-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllen1975">Allen 1975</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228212724/https://www.medievalists.net/files/09012321.pdf">4–7</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackowiak2007[httpsarchiveorgdetailspostmortemsolvin0000mackpage140_140]-307"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackowiak2007[httpsarchiveorgdetailspostmortemsolvin0000mackpage140_140]_307-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMackowiak2007">Mackowiak 2007</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/postmortemsolvin0000mack/page/140">140</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenderson1939-308"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenderson1939_308-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHenderson1939">Henderson 1939</a>, cited in <a href="#CITEREFRatnasuriya1986">Ratnasuriya 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/014107688607900413">234</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage220_220]-309"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage220_220]_309-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelly1996">Kelly 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/220">220</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuizinga1959[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmenideashistoryt00huizpage223_223–224]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage104_104–105]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT37_37]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT38_38]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage130_130–131]-310"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuizinga1959[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmenideashistoryt00huizpage223_223–224]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage104_104–105]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT37_37]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPT38_38]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage130_130–131]_310-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHuizinga1959">Huizinga 1959</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menideashistoryt00huiz/page/223">223–224</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1996">Sullivan 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/104">104–105</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2009">Taylor 2009</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sV9kFj3O1noC&pg=PT37">37</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sV9kFj3O1noC&pg=PT38">38</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/130">130–131</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage222_222]-311"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage222_222]_311-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelly1996">Kelly 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/222">222</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Toffol201681-313"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Toffol201681_313-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFde_Toffol2016">de Toffol 2016</a>, p. 81: "it would seem very difficult to defend a medical diagnosis that was based on this available information [the trial record]. The format of the ... interrogation does not allow one to gather the necessary facts about the symptoms ... the orientation of the questions aimed at achieving a guilty verdict and the thinking of that era both serve to weaken the capacity to conclude a valid medical diagnosis." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page38_38–39]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage28_28]Henderson1939Schildkrout2017[httpsajppsychiatryonlineorgdoi101176appiajp201717080948_§8]-314"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780750918053page38_38–39]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage28_28]Henderson1939Schildkrout2017[httpsajppsychiatryonlineorgdoi101176appiajp201717080948_§8]_314-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1999">DeVries 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/38">38–39</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/28">28</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHenderson1939">Henderson 1939</a>, cited in <a href="#CITEREFRatnasuriya1986">Ratnasuriya 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/014107688607900413">234</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSchildkrout2017">Schildkrout 2017</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17080948">§8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage140_140]-315"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage140_140]_315-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/140">140</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarber1993[httpsarchiveorgdetailsvestedinterestsc00garbpage215_215]Schibanoff1996-316"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarber1993[httpsarchiveorgdetailsvestedinterestsc00garbpage215_215]Schibanoff1996_316-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarber1993">Garber 1993</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vestedinterestsc00garb/page/215">215</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSchibanoff1996">Schibanoff 1996</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage117_117]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage31_31]-317"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage117_117]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage31_31]_317-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHotchkiss2000">Hotchkiss 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=frPPPIJvUDgC&pg=PA66">66</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/117">117</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSchibanoff1996">Schibanoff 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/31">31</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217–218]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage31_31]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage132_132]-318"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage217_217–218]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage31_31]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage132_132]_318-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/217">217–218</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/132">132</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSchibanoff1996">Schibanoff 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/31">31</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/132">132</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage38_38]-319"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage38_38]_319-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHotchkiss2000">Hotchkiss 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=frPPPIJvUDgC&pg=PA66">66</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSchibanoff1996">Schibanoff 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/38">38</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane2002[httpsarchiveorgdetailsperformanceofsel0000cranpage74_74]Fraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage28_28,_fn18]-320"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane2002[httpsarchiveorgdetailsperformanceofsel0000cranpage74_74]Fraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage28_28,_fn18]_320-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrane2002">Crane 2002</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/performanceofsel0000cran/page/74">74</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFraioli2000">Fraioli 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcearlyde0000frai/page/28">28, fn18</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_307]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage42_42]-321"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_307]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage42_42]_321-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrane1996">Crane 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">307</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSchibanoff1996">Schibanoff 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/42">42</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_307]-322"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_307]_322-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrane1996">Crane 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">307</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage192_192]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage34_34]-323"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage192_192]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage34_34]_323-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/192">192</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/34">34</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA67_67]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage144_144]-324"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA67_67]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage144_144]_324-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHotchkiss2000">Hotchkiss 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=frPPPIJvUDgC&pg=PA67">67</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/144">144</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage35_35–37]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage91_91–92]-325"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage35_35–37]Sackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage91_91–92]_325-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/35">35–37</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1936">Sackville-West 1936</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjoanofarcbo0000sack/page/91">91–92</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_298]Garber1993[httpsarchiveorgdetailsvestedinterestsc00garbpage216_216]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage32_32–33]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage144_144–146]-326"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_298]Garber1993[httpsarchiveorgdetailsvestedinterestsc00garbpage216_216]Lucie-Smith1976[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarc0000lucipage32_32–33]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage144_144–146]_326-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrane1996">Crane 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">298</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGarber1993">Garber 1993</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vestedinterestsc00garb/page/216">216</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLucie-Smith1976">Lucie-Smith 1976</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/32">32–33</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/144">144–146</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178_316]-327"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2011[httpswwwjstororgstable23347178_316]_327-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSullivan2011">Sullivan 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23347178">316</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA61_61]-328"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA61_61]_328-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHotchkiss2000">Hotchkiss 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=frPPPIJvUDgC&pg=PA61">61</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage43_42]-329"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage43_42]_329-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/43">42</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage92_92–93]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage41_41]-330"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESackville-West1936[httpsarchiveorgdetailssaintjoanofarcbo0000sackpage92_92–93]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage41_41]_330-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1936">Sackville-West 1936</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjoanofarcbo0000sack/page/92">92–93</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSchibanoff1996">Schibanoff 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/41">41</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]-331"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA66_66]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage132_132]_331-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHotchkiss2000">Hotchkiss 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=frPPPIJvUDgC&pg=PA66">66</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/132">132</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_301]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage184_184]-332"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_301]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage184_184]_332-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrane1996">Crane 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">301</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/184">184</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302–303]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage251_251–252]-333"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_302–303]Harrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage251_251–252]_333-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrane1996">Crane 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">302–303</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/251">251–252</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage216_216]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage219_219–220]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPR68_LXVII]-334"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage216_216]Pernoud1962[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcbyherse00pernpage219_219–220]Taylor2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsV9kFj3O1noCpgPR68_LXVII]_334-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/216">216</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1962">Pernoud 1962</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcbyherse00pern/page/219">219–220</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2009">Taylor 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sV9kFj3O1noC&pg=PR68">LXVII</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA64_64–65]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage58_58]-335"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHotchkiss2000[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfrPPPIJvUDgCpgPA64_64–65]Schibanoff1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage58_58]_335-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHotchkiss2000">Hotchkiss 2000</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=frPPPIJvUDgC&pg=PA64">64–65</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSchibanoff1996">Schibanoff 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/58">58</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullough1974Crane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_310]Sproles1996[httpswwwjstororgstable23539706_163]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage147_147]-336"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullough1974Crane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_310]Sproles1996[httpswwwjstororgstable23539706_163]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage147_147]_336-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBullough1974">Bullough 1974</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCrane1996">Crane 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">310</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSproles1996">Sproles 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23539706">163</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/147">147</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane2002[httpsarchiveorgdetailsperformanceofsel0000cranpage78_78]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage142_142]-337"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane2002[httpsarchiveorgdetailsperformanceofsel0000cranpage78_78]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage142_142]_337-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrane2002">Crane 2002</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/performanceofsel0000cran/page/78">78</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/142">142</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_305–306]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage146_146–147]-338"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrane1996[httpswebarchiveorgweb20160705094811httpsfacultysmuedubwheelerjoan_of_arcolr08_clothingjoanofarc_cranepdf_305–306]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage146_146–147]_338-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrane1996">Crane 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">305–306</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/146">146–147</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepagen19_3]-339"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVries1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepagen19_3]_339-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeVries1996">DeVries 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/n19">3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage16_16–17]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage6_4–6]-340"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage16_16–17]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage6_4–6]_340-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/16">16–17</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/6">4–6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESexsmith1990[httpswwwjstororgstable42630458_125],_[httpswwwjstororgstable42630458seq5_129]-341"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESexsmith1990[httpswwwjstororgstable42630458_125],_[httpswwwjstororgstable42630458seq5_129]_341-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSexsmith1990">Sexsmith 1990</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42630458">125</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42630458?seq=5">129</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedyVarty1977[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidqogHAQAAIAAJpgPA1_1]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage25_25]-342"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedyVarty1977[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidqogHAQAAIAAJpgPA1_1]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage25_25]_342-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedyVarty1977">Kennedy & Varty 1977</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qogHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1">1</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/25">25</a>. See <a href="#CITEREFde_Pizan1497">de Pizan 1497</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qogHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA41">41–50</a> for an English translation. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamblin2003[httpsbooksgooglecombookside04BDgAAQBAJpgPA209_209]-343"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamblin2003[httpsbooksgooglecombookside04BDgAAQBAJpgPA209_209]_343-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHamblin2003">Hamblin 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e04BDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA209">209</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage118_118]-344"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage118_118]_344-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/118">118</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamblin2003[httpsbooksgooglecombookside04BDgAAQBAJpgPA217_217]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage243_243]-345"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamblin2003[httpsbooksgooglecombookside04BDgAAQBAJpgPA217_217]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage243_243]_345-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHamblin2003">Hamblin 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e04BDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA217">217</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/243">243</a>; also see <a href="#CITEREFHamblin1984">Hamblin 1984</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/187687">9–10</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamblin1988[httpsjstororgstable1347436seq3_63–64]-346"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamblin1988[httpsjstororgstable1347436seq3_63–64]_346-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHamblin1988">Hamblin 1988</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jstor.org/stable/1347436?seq=3">63–64</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrléans2021PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage242_242–245]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage192_192]-347"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrléans2021PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage242_242–245]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage192_192]_347-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrléans2021">Orléans 2021</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/242">242–245</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/192">192</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage350_350–352]-348"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage350_350–352]_348-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/350">350–352</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage316_316]RankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage3_3]-349"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2014[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclifetra0000harrpage316_316]RankinQuintal1964[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfirstbiographyof0000rankpage3_3]_349-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2014">Harrison 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/316">316</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRankinQuintal1964">Rankin & Quintal 1964</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbiographyof0000rank/page/3">3</a>. See <a href="#CITEREFAnon.1500">Anon. 1500</a> for an English translation. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage56_56]Mackinnon1902[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgrowthdeclineoff00mackuoftpage78_78]Wood1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcrichard0000woodpage150_150]-350"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraioli2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcearlyde0000fraipage56_56]Mackinnon1902[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgrowthdeclineoff00mackuoftpage78_78]Wood1988[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcrichard0000woodpage150_150]_350-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFraioli2000">Fraioli 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcearlyde0000frai/page/56">56</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMackinnon1902">Mackinnon 1902</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/growthdeclineoff00mackuoft/page/78">78</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWood1988">Wood 1988</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcrichard0000wood/page/150">150</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage15_15]Mock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage39_39]-351"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage15_15]Mock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage39_39]_351-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/15">15</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMock2011">Mock 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/symbolsofdefeati0000mock/page/39">39</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance1909[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles1948819488-h19488-hhtmINTRODUCTION_lix–lx]-352"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance1909[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles1948819488-h19488-hhtmINTRODUCTION_lix–lx]_352-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrance1909">France 1909</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/19488/19488-h/19488-h.htm#INTRODUCTION">lix–lx</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage256_256]-353"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage256_256]_353-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/256">256</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConner2004[httpsarchiveorgdetailsageofnapoleon0000connpage89_89]Guillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage249_249]-354"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConner2004[httpsarchiveorgdetailsageofnapoleon0000connpage89_89]Guillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage249_249]_354-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConner2004">Conner 2004</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ageofnapoleon0000conn/page/89">89</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGuillemin1970">Guillemin 1970</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanmaidoforlean0000guil/page/249">249</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage250_250]Maddox2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrETxD8KcnUICpgPA444_444]-355"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage250_250]Maddox2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrETxD8KcnUICpgPA444_444]_355-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuillemin1970">Guillemin 1970</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanmaidoforlean0000guil/page/250">250</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMaddox2012">Maddox 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rETxD8KcnUIC&pg=PA444">444</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248seq12_450]Mock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage144_144]-356"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248seq12_450]Mock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage144_144]_356-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrown2012">Brown 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43489248?&seq=12">450</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMock2011">Mock 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/symbolsofdefeati0000mock/page/144">144</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage254_255]Sexsmith1990[httpswwwjstororgstable42630458seq5_129]-357"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage254_255]Sexsmith1990[httpswwwjstororgstable42630458seq5_129]_357-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuillemin1970">Guillemin 1970</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanmaidoforlean0000guil/page/254">255</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSexsmith1990">Sexsmith 1990</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42630458?&seq=5">129</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248seq11_449]Gaehtgens2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidYgldDwAAQBAJpgPA45_45]-358"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248seq11_449]Gaehtgens2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidYgldDwAAQBAJpgPA45_45]_358-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrown2012">Brown 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43489248?&seq=11">449</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGaehtgens2018">Gaehtgens 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YgldDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">45</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA130_130]-359"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA130_130]_359-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCohen2014">Cohen 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DcfbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA130">130</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248seq14_452]Cohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA130_130]-360"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248seq14_452]Cohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA130_130]_360-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrown2012">Brown 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43489248?&seq=14">452</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCohen2014">Cohen 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DcfbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA130">130</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA138_138]Dunn2021[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSG4HEAAAQBAJpgPA62_62]-361"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA138_138]Dunn2021[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSG4HEAAAQBAJpgPA62_62]_361-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCohen2014">Cohen 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DcfbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA138">138</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDunn2021">Dunn 2021</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SG4HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62">62</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage220_220]-362"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage220_220]_362-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMock2011">Mock 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/symbolsofdefeati0000mock/page/220">220</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2021[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSG4HEAAAQBAJpgPA62_62]-363"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2021[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSG4HEAAAQBAJpgPA62_62]_363-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn2021">Dunn 2021</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SG4HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62">62</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGildea1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid-JcLOEKvJ2kCpgPA165_165]Margolis1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage265_265]-364"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGildea1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid-JcLOEKvJ2kCpgPA165_165]Margolis1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage265_265]_364-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGildea1996">Gildea 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-JcLOEKvJ2kC&pg=PA165">165</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMargolis1996">Margolis 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/265">265</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248_439]Mock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage3_3]-365"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2012[httpswwwjstororgstable43489248_439]Mock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage3_3]_365-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrown2012">Brown 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43489248">439</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMock2011">Mock 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/symbolsofdefeati0000mock/page/3">3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage145_145]-366"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMock2011[httpsarchiveorgdetailssymbolsofdefeati0000mockpage145_145]_366-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMock2011">Mock 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/symbolsofdefeati0000mock/page/145">145</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGildea1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid-JcLOEKvJ2kCqpanegyric_155–156]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage311_311–312,_fn_24]-367"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGildea1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid-JcLOEKvJ2kCqpanegyric_155–156]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage311_311–312,_fn_24]_367-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGildea1996">Gildea 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-JcLOEKvJ2kC&q=panegyric">155–156</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/311">311–312, fn 24</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq223_238]-368"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq223_238]_368-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2012">Taylor 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23240136?&seq=223">238</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGildea1996PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage244_244–245]Taylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq23_238]-369"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGildea1996PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage244_244–245]Taylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq23_238]_369-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGildea1996">Gildea 1996</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/244">244–245</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2012">Taylor 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23240136?&seq=23">238</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage245_245]Taylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq25_240]-370"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage245_245]Taylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq25_240]_370-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/245">245</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2012">Taylor 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23240136?&seq=25">240</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page244_244]-371"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page244_244]_371-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/244">244</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPius_XI1922[httpsarchiveorgdetailssim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1922-04-03_14_7page187_187]-372"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPius_XI1922[httpsarchiveorgdetailssim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1922-04-03_14_7page187_187]_372-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPius_XI1922">Pius XI 1922</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1922-04-03_14_7/page/187">187</a>:Sanctam Ioannam Virginem Arcensem, uti Patronam minus principalem Galliae, libentissime declaramus et constituimus [We most gladly declare and appoint Saint Joan of Arc, the virgin, as the Secondary Patron Saint of France] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage162_162]-373"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage162_162]_373-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/162">162</a>; see <a href="#CITEREFBenedict_XV1920">Benedict XV 1920</a> for the text of the papal bull canonizing Joan. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChenu1990[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbookofchristianm00chenpage98_98]Ghezzi1996Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage106_106_fn8]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage264_264]-374"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChenu1990[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbookofchristianm00chenpage98_98]Ghezzi1996Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage106_106_fn8]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage264_264]_374-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChenu1990">Chenu 1990</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofchristianm00chen/page/98">98</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGhezzi1996">Ghezzi 1996</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1996">Sullivan 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/106">106 fn8</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/264">264</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage256_256]-375"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage256_256]_375-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuillemin1970">Guillemin 1970</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanmaidoforlean0000guil/page/256">256</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidF3qFtB-Lq14CpgPA105_105]-376"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidF3qFtB-Lq14CpgPA105_105]_376-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2002">Harrison 2002</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F3qFtB-Lq14C&pg=PA105">105</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]-377"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]_377-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelly1996">Kelly 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/210">210</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen360_842]Meltzer2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SEPFzzpvp0CpgPA192_192]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage6_6],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage252_252]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29_fn86]-378"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowell1896[httpsarchiveorgdetailsJoanOfArc1896pagen360_842]Meltzer2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SEPFzzpvp0CpgPA192_192]Pernoud1955[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage6_6],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsretrialofjoanofa00regipage252_252]Taylor2006[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclapucel00unsepage29_29_fn86]_378-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLowell1896">Lowell 1896</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n360">842</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMeltzer2001">Meltzer 2001</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_SEPFzzpvp0C&pg=PA192">192</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoud1955">Pernoud 1955</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retrialofjoanofa00regi/page/6">6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retrialofjoanofa00regi/page/252">252</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/29">29 fn86</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage249_249]McInerney2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgrHIDAAAQBAJpgPA210_210]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgrHIDAAAQBAJpgPA211_211]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage30_30–31]-379"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]Michelet1855[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcmaidofo00michpage249_249]McInerney2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgrHIDAAAQBAJpgPA210_210]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgrHIDAAAQBAJpgPA211_211]Sullivan1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinterrogationofj00sullpage30_30–31]_379-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelly1996">Kelly 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/210">210</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMichelet1855">Michelet 1855</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/249">249</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMcInerney2003">McInerney 2003</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=grHIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA210">210</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=grHIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA211">211</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1999">Sullivan 1999</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/30">30–31</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]Guillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage249_249]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage268_268]-380"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage210_210]Guillemin1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanmaidoforlean0000guilpage249_249]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage268_268]_380-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelly1996">Kelly 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/210">210</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGuillemin1970">Guillemin 1970</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanmaidoforlean0000guil/page/249">249</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/268">268</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChenu1990[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbookofchristianm00chenpage98_98–99]-381"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChenu1990[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbookofchristianm00chenpage98_98–99]_381-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChenu1990">Chenu 1990</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofchristianm00chen/page/98">98–99</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoal2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintroductiontowo2005unsepage208_208]-382"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoal2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintroductiontowo2005unsepage208_208]_382-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoal2005">Boal 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontowo2005unse/page/208">208</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraioli1981[httpswwwjstororgstable2847364_811],_[httpswwwjstororgstable2847364seq3_813–814]-383"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraioli1981[httpswwwjstororgstable2847364_811],_[httpswwwjstororgstable2847364seq3_813–814]_383-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFraioli1981">Fraioli 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2847364">811</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2847364?seq=3">813–814</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage126_126–127]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage30_30–31]Meltzer2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SEPFzzpvp0CpgPA94_94]-384"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage126_126–127]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage30_30–31]Meltzer2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SEPFzzpvp0CpgPA94_94]_384-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDworkin1987">Dworkin 1987</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intercourse0000dwor/page/126">126–127</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/30">30–31</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMeltzer2001">Meltzer 2001</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_SEPFzzpvp0C&pg=PA94">94</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page97_97],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page168_168]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage54_54],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage154_154]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage30_30–31],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage105_105]-385"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2015[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page97_97],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7page168_168]Gies1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage54_54],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarclegendr0000giespage154_154]PernoudClin1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage30_30–31],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcherstor00pernpage105_105]_385-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastor2015">Castor 2015</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/97">97</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7/page/168">168</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGies1981">Gies 1981</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/54">54</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/154">154</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPernoudClin1986">Pernoud & Clin 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/30">30–31</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/105">105</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage123_123–125]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage103_103]-386"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage123_123–125]Sullivan1996[httpsarchiveorgdetailsfreshverdictsonj0000unsepage103_103]_386-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDworkin1987">Dworkin 1987</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intercourse0000dwor/page/123">123–125</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSullivan1996">Sullivan 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/103">103</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1985[httpswwwjstororgstable40003571seq1_24–29]-387">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1985[httpswwwjstororgstable40003571seq1_24–29]_387-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1985[httpswwwjstororgstable40003571seq1_24–29]_387-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarstow1985">Barstow 1985</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40003571?&seq=1">24–29</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage127_127–129]-388"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcheretic0000barspage127_127–129]_388-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarstow1986">Barstow 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcheretic0000bars/page/127">127–129</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage104_104–105]Fraioli1981[httpswwwjstororgstable2847364seq7_817]Sproles1996[httpswwwjstororgstable23539706seq5_162]Taylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq2_217]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage216_216]-389"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage104_104–105]Fraioli1981[httpswwwjstororgstable2847364seq7_817]Sproles1996[httpswwwjstororgstable23539706seq5_162]Taylor2012[httpswwwjstororgstable23240136seq2_217]Warner1981[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjoanofarcimageof0000warnpage216_216]_389-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDworkin1987">Dworkin 1987</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intercourse0000dwor/page/104">104–105</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFraioli1981">Fraioli 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2847364?seq=7">817</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSproles1996">Sproles 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23539706?&seq=5">162</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2012">Taylor 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23240136?&seq=2">217</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWarner1981">Warner 1981</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/216">216</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage104_104]-390"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDworkin1987[httpsarchiveorgdetailsintercourse0000dworpage104_104]_390-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDworkin1987">Dworkin 1987</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intercourse0000dwor/page/104">104</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstow1985[httpswwwjstororgstable40003571seq4_29]-391"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstow1985[httpswwwjstororgstable40003571seq4_29]_391-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarstow1985">Barstow 1985</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40003571?&seq=4">29</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2021[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSG4HEAAAQBAJpgPA38_38]-392"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2021[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSG4HEAAAQBAJpgPA38_38]_392-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn2021">Dunn 2021</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SG4HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38">38</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage16_16–17]-393"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELightbody1961[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjudgementsofjoan0000lighpage16_16–17]_393-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLightbody1961">Lightbody 1961</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/16">16–17</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA110_110]-394"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDcfbAgAAQBAJpgPA110_110]_394-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCohen2014">Cohen 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DcfbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA110">110</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <dl><dd>Books</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAberth2000" class="citation book cs1">Aberth, John (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frombrinkofapoca0000aber/">From the Brink of the Apocalypse</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415927154" title="Special:BookSources/9780415927154"><bdi>9780415927154</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1054385441">1054385441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Brink+of+the+Apocalypse&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1054385441&rft.isbn=9780415927154&rft.aulast=Aberth&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrombrinkofapoca0000aber%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2010" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Tracy (2010). The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801899263" title="Special:BookSources/9780801899263"><bdi>9780801899263</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1026404304">1026404304</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Afterlife+of+Isabeau+of+Bavaria&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1026404304&rft.isbn=9780801899263&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllmand1988" class="citation book cs1">Allmand, Christopher (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearsware0000allm/">The Hundred Years War: England and France at War c. 1300–c. 1450</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139167789" title="Special:BookSources/9781139167789"><bdi>9781139167789</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1285662551">1285662551</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years+War%3A+England+and+France+at+War+c.+1300%E2%80%93c.+1450&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1285662551&rft.isbn=9781139167789&rft.aulast=Allmand&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhundredyearsware0000allm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2009" class="citation book cs1">Barker, Juliet (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark">Conquest: The English Kingdom of France, 1417–1450</a>. Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408702468" title="Special:BookSources/9781408702468"><bdi>9781408702468</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/903613803">903613803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conquest%3A+The+English+Kingdom+of+France%2C+1417%E2%80%931450&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F903613803&rft.isbn=9781408702468&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconquestenglishk0000bark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarstow1986" class="citation book cs1">Barstow, Anne Llewellyn (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcheretic0000bars">Joan of Arc: Heretic, Mystic, Shaman</a>. E. Mellen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780889465329" title="Special:BookSources/9780889465329"><bdi>9780889465329</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1244846182">1244846182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%3A+Heretic%2C+Mystic%2C+Shaman&rft.pub=E.+Mellen&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1244846182&rft.isbn=9780889465329&rft.aulast=Barstow&rft.aufirst=Anne+Llewellyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarcheretic0000bars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoal2005" class="citation book cs1">Boal, Barbara (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontowo2005unse/page/208">"The Cao Dai and the Hoa Hao"</a>. In Partridge, Christopher (ed.). Introduction to World Religions. Fortress. pp. 208–209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0800637143" title="Special:BookSources/0800637143"><bdi>0800637143</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58802408">58802408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Cao+Dai+and+the+Hoa+Hao&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+World+Religions&rft.pages=208-209&rft.pub=Fortress&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58802408&rft.isbn=0800637143&rft.aulast=Boal&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontowo2005unse%2Fpage%2F208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurne1956" class="citation book cs1">Burne, Alfred Higgins (1999) [1956]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtwarmili0000burn">The Agincourt War: A Military History of the Latter Part of the Hundred Years War from 1369 to 1453</a>. Wordsworth Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1840222115" title="Special:BookSources/1840222115"><bdi>1840222115</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1285475585">1285475585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Agincourt+War%3A+A+Military+History+of+the+Latter+Part+of+the+Hundred+Years+War+from+1369+to+1453&rft.pub=Wordsworth+Editions&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1285475585&rft.isbn=1840222115&rft.aulast=Burne&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Higgins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fagincourtwarmili0000burn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastor2015" class="citation book cs1">Castor, Helen (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7">Joan of Arc: A History</a>. Harper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780062384393" title="Special:BookSources/9780062384393"><bdi>9780062384393</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1256258941">1256258941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1256258941&rft.isbn=9780062384393&rft.aulast=Castor&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarchistory0000cast_n6r7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChampion1920" class="citation book cs1">Champion, Pierre (1932) [1920]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/joanofarc-trial.asp">"Essay on the Trial of Jeanne d'Arc, Dramatis Personae, Biographical Sketches of the Trial Judges and Other Persons Involved in the Maid's Career, Trial and Death"</a>. The Trial of Jeanne D'Arc. Translated by Taylor, Coley; Kerr, Ruth H. Gotham House. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1314152">1314152</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114161015/https://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/joanofarc-trial.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Essay+on+the+Trial+of+Jeanne+d%27Arc%2C+Dramatis+Personae%2C+Biographical+Sketches+of+the+Trial+Judges+and+Other+Persons+Involved+in+the+Maid%27s+Career%2C+Trial+and+Death&rft.btitle=The+Trial+of+Jeanne+D%27Arc&rft.pub=Gotham+House&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1314152&rft.aulast=Champion&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourcebooks.fordham.edu%2Fbasis%2Fjoanofarc-trial.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenu1990" class="citation book cs1">Chenu, Bruno (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofchristianm00chen">Book of Christian Martyrs</a>. Crossroad. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824510114" title="Special:BookSources/9780824510114"><bdi>9780824510114</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/645341461">645341461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Christian+Martyrs&rft.pub=Crossroad&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F645341461&rft.isbn=9780824510114&rft.aulast=Chenu&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofchristianm00chen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2014" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Paul A. (2014). History and Popular Memory. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231537292" title="Special:BookSources/9780231537292"><bdi>9780231537292</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/964546561">964546561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Popular+Memory&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F964546561&rft.isbn=9780231537292&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConner2004" class="citation book cs1">Conner, Susan Punzel (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ageofnapoleon0000conn">The Age of Napoleon</a>. Greenwood. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313320149" title="Special:BookSources/9780313320149"><bdi>9780313320149</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56575944">56575944</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Napoleon&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F56575944&rft.isbn=9780313320149&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=Susan+Punzel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fageofnapoleon0000conn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrane2002" class="citation book cs1">Crane, Susan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/performanceofsel0000cran">The Performance of Self: Ritual, Clothing, and Identity during the Hundred Years War</a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0812236580" title="Special:BookSources/0812236580"><bdi>0812236580</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/843080228">843080228</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Performance+of+Self%3A+Ritual%2C+Clothing%2C+and+Identity+during+the+Hundred+Years+War&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F843080228&rft.isbn=0812236580&rft.aulast=Crane&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperformanceofsel0000cran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurryHoskinsRichardsonSpencer2015" class="citation book cs1">Curry, Anne; Hoskins, Peter; Richardson, Thom; Spencer, Dan (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/agincourtcompani0000curr">The Agincourt Companion: A Guide to the Legendary Battle and Warfare in the Medieval World</a>. Andre Deutch. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780233004716" title="Special:BookSources/9780233004716"><bdi>9780233004716</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/921184232">921184232</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Agincourt+Companion%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Legendary+Battle+and+Warfare+in+the+Medieval+World&rft.pub=Andre+Deutch&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F921184232&rft.isbn=9780233004716&rft.aulast=Curry&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=Hoskins%2C+Peter&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Thom&rft.au=Spencer%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fagincourtcompani0000curr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeVries1996" class="citation book cs1">DeVries, Kelly (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/31">"A Woman as Leader of Men: Joan of Arc's Military Career"</a>. In Wheeler, Bonnie; Wood, Charles T. (eds.). Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc. Garland. pp. 3–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815336640" title="Special:BookSources/0815336640"><bdi>0815336640</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/847627589">847627589</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Woman+as+Leader+of+Men%3A+Joan+of+Arc%27s+Military+Career&rft.btitle=Fresh+Verdicts+on+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pages=3-18&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F847627589&rft.isbn=0815336640&rft.aulast=DeVries&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreshverdictsonj0000unse%2Fpage%2F31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeVries1999" class="citation book cs1">DeVries, Kelly (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053">Joan of Arc: A Military Leader</a>. Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780750918053" title="Special:BookSources/9780750918053"><bdi>9780750918053</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42957383">42957383</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%3A+A+Military+Leader&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42957383&rft.isbn=9780750918053&rft.aulast=DeVries&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780750918053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2021" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, Susan (2021). The Deaths of Louis XVI: Regicide and the French Political Imagination. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691224916" title="Special:BookSources/9780691224916"><bdi>9780691224916</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1235966126">1235966126</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deaths+of+Louis+XVI%3A+Regicide+and+the+French+Political+Imagination&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1235966126&rft.isbn=9780691224916&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDworkin1987" class="citation book cs1">Dworkin, Andrea (2007) [1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intercourse0000dwor">Intercourse</a>. Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780465017522" title="Special:BookSources/9780465017522"><bdi>9780465017522</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1153284259">1153284259</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intercourse&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1153284259&rft.isbn=9780465017522&rft.aulast=Dworkin&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintercourse0000dwor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraioli2000" class="citation book cs1">Fraioli, Deborah (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcearlyde0000frai">Joan of Arc: The Early Debate</a>. Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851158808" title="Special:BookSources/9780851158808"><bdi>9780851158808</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48680250">48680250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%3A+The+Early+Debate&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48680250&rft.isbn=9780851158808&rft.aulast=Fraioli&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarcearlyde0000frai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance1909" class="citation book cs1">France, Anatole (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19488">Jeanne d'Arc, Maid of Orleans, deliverer of France: Being the Story of her Life, her Achievements, and her Death, as Attested on Oath and Set Forth in the Original Documents</a>. Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/862867781">862867781</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614141829/https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19488">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jeanne+d%27Arc%2C+Maid+of+Orleans%2C+deliverer+of+France%3A+Being+the+Story+of+her+Life%2C+her+Achievements%2C+and+her+Death%2C+as+Attested+on+Oath+and+Set+Forth+in+the+Original+Documents&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1909&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F862867781&rft.aulast=France&rft.aufirst=Anatole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F19488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller1954" class="citation book cs1">Fuller, John Frederick Charles (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/militaryhistoryo01full">A Military History of the Western World: From the Earliest Times to the Battle of Lepanto</a>. Vol. I. Funk & Wagnalls. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1150796947">1150796947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Military+History+of+the+Western+World%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Battle+of+Lepanto&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1150796947&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=John+Frederick+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmilitaryhistoryo01full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaehtgens2018" class="citation book cs1">Gaehtgens, Thomas (2018). Reims on Fire: War and Reconciliation Between France and Germany. Getty Research Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781606065709" title="Special:BookSources/9781606065709"><bdi>9781606065709</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1028601667">1028601667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reims+on+Fire%3A+War+and+Reconciliation+Between+France+and+Germany&rft.pub=Getty+Research+Institute&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1028601667&rft.isbn=9781606065709&rft.aulast=Gaehtgens&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarber1993" class="citation book cs1">Garber, Marjorie B. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vestedinterestsc00garb">Vested Interests: Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety</a>. Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0060975245" title="Special:BookSources/0060975245"><bdi>0060975245</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1151664883">1151664883</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vested+Interests%3A+Cross-dressing+and+Cultural+Anxiety&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1151664883&rft.isbn=0060975245&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=Marjorie+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvestedinterestsc00garb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGies1981" class="citation book cs1">Gies, Frances (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies">Joan of Arc: The Legend and the Reality</a>. Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0690019424" title="Special:BookSources/0690019424"><bdi>0690019424</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1204328346">1204328346</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%3A+The+Legend+and+the+Reality&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1204328346&rft.isbn=0690019424&rft.aulast=Gies&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarclegendr0000gies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGildea1996" class="citation book cs1">Gildea, Robert (1996). The Past in French History. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300067118" title="Special:BookSources/9780300067118"><bdi>9780300067118</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/638739483">638739483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Past+in+French+History&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F638739483&rft.isbn=9780300067118&rft.aulast=Gildea&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstone2012" class="citation book cs1">Goldstone, Nancy Bazelon (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maidqueensecreth0000gold">The Maid and the Queen: The Secret History of Joan of Arc</a>. Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670023332" title="Special:BookSources/9780670023332"><bdi>9780670023332</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1150263570">1150263570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maid+and+the+Queen%3A+The+Secret+History+of+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1150263570&rft.isbn=9780670023332&rft.aulast=Goldstone&rft.aufirst=Nancy+Bazelon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaidqueensecreth0000gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuillemin1970" class="citation book cs1">Guillemin, Henri (1973) [1970]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanmaidoforlean0000guil">Joan, Maid of Orleans</a>. Saturday Review Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780841502277" title="Special:BookSources/9780841502277"><bdi>9780841502277</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/636407">636407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan%2C+Maid+of+Orleans&rft.pub=Saturday+Review+Press&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F636407&rft.isbn=9780841502277&rft.aulast=Guillemin&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanmaidoforlean0000guil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamblin2003" class="citation book cs1">Hamblin, Vicki L. (2016) [2003]. "En L'honneur de la Pucelle: Ritualizing Joan the Maid in Fifteenth-Century Orléans". In Astell, Ann W.; Wheeler, Bonnie (eds.). Joan of Arc and Spirituality. Palgrave. pp. 209–226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137069542" title="Special:BookSources/9781137069542"><bdi>9781137069542</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1083468869">1083468869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=En+L%27honneur+de+la+Pucelle%3A+Ritualizing+Joan+the+Maid+in+Fifteenth-Century+Orl%C3%A9ans&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc+and+Spirituality&rft.pages=209-226&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1083468869&rft.isbn=9781137069542&rft.aulast=Hamblin&rft.aufirst=Vicki+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2002" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Brian (2002). "Aborted Infants as Martyrs: Are There Wider Implications?". In Nichols, Aidan (ed.). Abortion and Martyrdom: The Papers of the Solesmes Consultation and an Appeal to the Catholic Church. Gracewing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780852445433" title="Special:BookSources/9780852445433"><bdi>9780852445433</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49989918">49989918</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aborted+Infants+as+Martyrs%3A+Are+There+Wider+Implications%3F&rft.btitle=Abortion+and+Martyrdom%3A+The+Papers+of+the+Solesmes+Consultation+and+an+Appeal+to+the+Catholic+Church&rft.pub=Gracewing&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49989918&rft.isbn=9780852445433&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2014" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Kathryn (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/">Joan of Arc: A Life Transfigured</a>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385531207" title="Special:BookSources/9780385531207"><bdi>9780385531207</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1194440229">1194440229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%3A+A+Life+Transfigured&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1194440229&rft.isbn=9780385531207&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarclifetra0000harr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1939" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, David Kennedy (1939). Psychopathic States. W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/912042868">912042868</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychopathic+States&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=1939&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F912042868&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=David+Kennedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbins2005" class="citation book cs1">Hobbins, Daniel (2005). "Introduction". In Hobbins, Daniel (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani">The Trial of Joan of Arc</a>. Harvard University Press. pp. 1–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674038684" title="Special:BookSources/9780674038684"><bdi>9780674038684</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1036902468">1036902468</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Trial+of+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pages=1-32&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1036902468&rft.isbn=9780674038684&rft.aulast=Hobbins&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrialofjoanofarc00dani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHotchkiss2000" class="citation book cs1">Hotchkiss, Valerie R. (2000). Clothes Make the Man: Female Cross Dressing in Medieval Europe. Garland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815337713" title="Special:BookSources/9780815337713"><bdi>9780815337713</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/980891132">980891132</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clothes+Make+the+Man%3A+Female+Cross+Dressing+in+Medieval+Europe&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F980891132&rft.isbn=9780815337713&rft.aulast=Hotchkiss&rft.aufirst=Valerie+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuizinga1959" class="citation book cs1">Huizinga, Johan (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menideashistoryt00huiz">Men and Ideas: History, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance; Essays</a>. Meridian. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1036539966">1036539966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+and+Ideas%3A+History%2C+the+Middle+Ages%2C+the+Renaissance%3B+Essays&rft.pub=Meridian&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1036539966&rft.aulast=Huizinga&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmenideashistoryt00huiz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly1996" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Henry Ansgar (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/205">"Joan of Arc's Last Trial: The Attack of the Devil's Advocates"</a>. In Wheeler, Bonnie; Wood, Charles T. (eds.). Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc. Garland. pp. 205–236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815336640" title="Special:BookSources/0815336640"><bdi>0815336640</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/847627589">847627589</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Joan+of+Arc%27s+Last+Trial%3A+The+Attack+of+the+Devil%27s+Advocates&rft.btitle=Fresh+Verdicts+on+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pages=205-236&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F847627589&rft.isbn=0815336640&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Henry+Ansgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreshverdictsonj0000unse%2Fpage%2F205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLang1909" class="citation book cs1">Lang, Andrew (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maidoffrancebein00languoft">The Maid of France: Being the Story of the Life and Death of Jeanne d'Arc</a>. Longmans, Green. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/697990421">697990421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maid+of+France%3A+Being+the+Story+of+the+Life+and+Death+of+Jeanne+d%27Arc&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1909&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F697990421&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaidoffrancebein00languoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLightbody1961" class="citation book cs1">Lightbody, Charles Wayland (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh">The Judgements of Joan: Joan of Arc, A Study in Cultural History</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1150088435">1150088435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Judgements+of+Joan%3A+Joan+of+Arc%2C+A+Study+in+Cultural+History&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1150088435&rft.aulast=Lightbody&rft.aufirst=Charles+Wayland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjudgementsofjoan0000ligh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowell1896" class="citation book cs1">Lowell, Francis Cabot (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc00loweiala">Joan of Arc</a>. Houghton Mifflin Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/457671288">457671288</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Co&rft.date=1896&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F457671288&rft.aulast=Lowell&rft.aufirst=Francis+Cabot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarc00loweiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucie-Smith1976" class="citation book cs1">Lucie-Smith, Edward (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci">Joan of Arc</a>. Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0713908572" title="Special:BookSources/0713908572"><bdi>0713908572</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1280740196">1280740196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1280740196&rft.isbn=0713908572&rft.aulast=Lucie-Smith&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarc0000luci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackinnon1902" class="citation book cs1">Mackinnon, James (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/growthdeclineoff00mackuoft">The Growth and Decline of the French Monarchy</a>. Longmans. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1017332942">1017332942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Growth+and+Decline+of+the+French+Monarchy&rft.pub=Longmans&rft.date=1902&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1017332942&rft.aulast=Mackinnon&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgrowthdeclineoff00mackuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddox2012" class="citation book cs1">Maddox, Margaret Joan (2012). "Joan of Arc". In Matheson, Lister M. (ed.). Icons of the Middle Ages: Rulers, Rebels, and Saints. Vol. 2. Greenwood. pp. 417–450. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313340802" title="Special:BookSources/9780313340802"><bdi>9780313340802</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/728656735">728656735</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Joan+of+Arc&rft.btitle=Icons+of+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Rulers%2C+Rebels%2C+and+Saints&rft.pages=417-450&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F728656735&rft.isbn=9780313340802&rft.aulast=Maddox&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackowiak2007" class="citation book cs1">Mackowiak, Philip A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/postmortemsolvin0000mack/page/140">Post Mortem: Solving History's Great Medical Mysteries</a>. American College of Physicians. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781930513891" title="Special:BookSources/9781930513891"><bdi>9781930513891</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1285753937">1285753937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post+Mortem%3A+Solving+History%27s+Great+Medical+Mysteries&rft.pub=American+College+of+Physicians&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1285753937&rft.isbn=9781930513891&rft.aulast=Mackowiak&rft.aufirst=Philip+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpostmortemsolvin0000mack%2Fpage%2F140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargolis1996" class="citation book cs1">Margolis, Nadia (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/265">"The "Joan Phenomenon" and the Right"</a>. In Wheeler, Bonnie; Wood, Charles T. (eds.). Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc. Garland. pp. 265–287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815336640" title="Special:BookSources/0815336640"><bdi>0815336640</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/847627589">847627589</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+%22Joan+Phenomenon%22+and+the+Right&rft.btitle=Fresh+Verdicts+on+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pages=265-287&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F847627589&rft.isbn=0815336640&rft.aulast=Margolis&rft.aufirst=Nadia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreshverdictsonj0000unse%2Fpage%2F265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcInerney2003" class="citation book cs1">McInerney, Maud Burnett (2003). Eloquent Virgins: The Rhetoric of Virginity from Thecla to Joan of Arc. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137064516" title="Special:BookSources/9781137064516"><bdi>9781137064516</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1083464793">1083464793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eloquent+Virgins%3A+The+Rhetoric+of+Virginity+from+Thecla+to+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1083464793&rft.isbn=9781137064516&rft.aulast=McInerney&rft.aufirst=Maud+Burnett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegivern1997" class="citation book cs1">Megivern, James (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deathpenaltyhist1997megi/">The Death Penalty: An Historical and Theological Survey</a>. Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809104871" title="Special:BookSources/9780809104871"><bdi>9780809104871</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1244600248">1244600248</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Death+Penalty%3A+An+Historical+and+Theological+Survey&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1244600248&rft.isbn=9780809104871&rft.aulast=Megivern&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeathpenaltyhist1997megi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeltzer2001" class="citation book cs1">Meltzer, Francoise (2001). For Fear of the Fire: Joan of Arc and the Limits of Subjectivity. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107013360" title="Special:BookSources/9781107013360"><bdi>9781107013360</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1097164619">1097164619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbols+of+Defeat+in+the+Construction+of+National+Identity&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1097164619&rft.isbn=9781107013360&rft.aulast=Mock&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsymbolsofdefeati0000mock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelet1855" class="citation book cs1">Michelet, Jules (1900) [1855]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich">Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans. From Mitchelet's History of France</a>. Translated by Ketcham, Henry. A. L. Burt. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1047498185">1047498185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%2C+the+Maid+of+Orleans.+From+Mitchelet%27s+History+of+France&rft.pub=A.+L.+Burt&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1047498185&rft.aulast=Michelet&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarcmaidofo00mich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1902" class="citation book cs1">Murray, T. Douglas (1902). "Introductory Note to the Rehabilitation". In Murray, T. Douglas (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629192136/https://www.gutenberg.org/files/57389/57389-0.txt">Jeanne D'Arc, Maid of Orleans, Deliverer of France, Being the Story of Her Life, Her Achievements, and Her Death, As Attested on Oath and Set Forth in the Original Documents</a>. William Heinemann. pp. 371–376. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/903887215">903887215</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/57389/57389-0.txt">the original</a> on 29 June 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introductory+Note+to+the+Rehabilitation&rft.btitle=Jeanne+D%27Arc%2C+Maid+of+Orleans%2C+Deliverer+of+France%2C+Being+the+Story+of+Her+Life%2C+Her+Achievements%2C+and+Her+Death%2C+As+Attested+on+Oath+and+Set+Forth+in+the+Original+Documents&rft.pages=371-376&rft.pub=William+Heinemann&rft.date=1902&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F903887215&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=T.+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F57389%2F57389-0.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNapier2017" class="citation book cs1">Napier, Gordon (2017). Maleficium: Witchcraft and Witch Hunting in the West. Amberly. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781445665115" title="Special:BookSources/9781445665115"><bdi>9781445665115</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1000454943">1000454943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maleficium%3A+Witchcraft+and+Witch+Hunting+in+the+West&rft.pub=Amberly&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1000454943&rft.isbn=9781445665115&rft.aulast=Napier&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPernoud1955" class="citation book cs1">Pernoud, Régine (2007) [1955]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retrialofjoanofa00regi">The Retrial of Joan of Arc; The Evidence at the Trial For Her Rehabilitation 1450–1456</a>. Translated by Cohen. Harcourt, Brace and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781586171780" title="Special:BookSources/9781586171780"><bdi>9781586171780</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1338471">1338471</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Retrial+of+Joan+of+Arc%3B+The+Evidence+at+the+Trial+For+Her+Rehabilitation+1450%E2%80%931456&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace+and+Company&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1338471&rft.isbn=9781586171780&rft.aulast=Pernoud&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9gine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fretrialofjoanofa00regi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPernoud1962" class="citation book cs1">Pernoud, Régine (1966) [1962]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcbyherse00pern">Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses</a>. Translated by Hyams, Edward. Stein and Day. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1035912459">1035912459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc+By+Herself+and+Her+Witnesses&rft.pub=Stein+and+Day&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1035912459&rft.aulast=Pernoud&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9gine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarcbyherse00pern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPernoudClin1986" class="citation book cs1">Pernoud, Régine; Clin, Marie-Véronique (1999) [1986]. Wheeler, Bonnie (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/">Joan of Arc: Her Story</a>. Translated by duQuesnay Adams, Jeremy. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312214425" title="Special:BookSources/9780312214425"><bdi>9780312214425</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1035889959">1035889959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%3A+Her+Story&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1035889959&rft.isbn=9780312214425&rft.aulast=Pernoud&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9gine&rft.au=Clin%2C+Marie-V%C3%A9ronique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarcherstor00pern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerroy1959" class="citation book cs1">Perroy, Edouard (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearswar0000perr">The Hundred Years War</a>. Eyre & Spottiswoode. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780413213709" title="Special:BookSources/9780413213709"><bdi>9780413213709</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1149428397">1149428397</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years+War&rft.pub=Eyre+%26+Spottiswoode&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1149428397&rft.isbn=9780413213709&rft.aulast=Perroy&rft.aufirst=Edouard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhundredyearswar0000perr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1989" class="citation book cs1">Peters, Edward (1989). Inquisition. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520066304" title="Special:BookSources/9780520066304"><bdi>9780520066304</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/970384852">970384852</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inquisition&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F970384852&rft.isbn=9780520066304&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRankinQuintal1964" class="citation book cs1">Rankin, Daniel; Quintal, Claire (1964). "Authors' Comments". In Rankin, Daniel; Quintal, Claire (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbiographyof0000rank">The First Biography of Joan of Arc with the Chronicle Record of a Contemporary Account</a>. University of Pittsburgh Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1153286979">1153286979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Authors%27+Comments&rft.btitle=The+First+Biography+of+Joan+of+Arc+with+the+Chronicle+Record+of+a+Contemporary+Account&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1153286979&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Quintal%2C+Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstbiographyof0000rank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichey2003" class="citation book cs1">Richey, Stephen W. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich">Joan of Arc: The Warrior Saint</a>. Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275981037" title="Special:BookSources/9780275981037"><bdi>9780275981037</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52030963">52030963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%3A+The+Warrior+Saint&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52030963&rft.isbn=9780275981037&rft.aulast=Richey&rft.aufirst=Stephen+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarcwarrior0000rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1972" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Jeffrey Burton (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/witchcraftinmidd0000russ">Witchcraft in the Middle Ages</a>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801406973" title="Special:BookSources/9780801406973"><bdi>9780801406973</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1151774229">1151774229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Witchcraft+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1151774229&rft.isbn=9780801406973&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwitchcraftinmidd0000russ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSackville-West1936" class="citation book cs1">Sackville-West, Victoria (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjoanofarcbo0000sack/">Saint Joan of Arc</a>. Cobden-Sanderson. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1151167808">1151167808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pub=Cobden-Sanderson&rft.date=1936&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1151167808&rft.aulast=Sackville-West&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsaintjoanofarcbo0000sack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchibanoff1996" class="citation book cs1">Schibanoff, Susan (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/31">"True Lies: Transvestism and Idolatry in the Trial of Joan of Arc"</a>. In Wheeler, Bonnie; Wood, Charles T. (eds.). Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc. Garland. pp. 31–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815336640" title="Special:BookSources/0815336640"><bdi>0815336640</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/847627589">847627589</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=True+Lies%3A+Transvestism+and+Idolatry+in+the+Trial+of+Joan+of+Arc&rft.btitle=Fresh+Verdicts+on+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pages=31-60&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F847627589&rft.isbn=0815336640&rft.aulast=Schibanoff&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreshverdictsonj0000unse%2Fpage%2F31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeward1982" class="citation book cs1">Seward, Desmond (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearsware0000sewa/">The Hundred Years War: The English in France</a>. Atheneum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780689706288" title="Special:BookSources/9780689706288"><bdi>9780689706288</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1280811695">1280811695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years+War%3A+The+English+in+France&rft.pub=Atheneum&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1280811695&rft.isbn=9780689706288&rft.aulast=Seward&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhundredyearsware0000sewa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan1996" class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, Karen (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/85">"'I Do Not Name to You the Voice of St. Michael': The Identification of Joan of Arc's Voices"</a>. In Wheeler, Bonnie; Wood, Charles T. (eds.). Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc. Garland. pp. 85–112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815336640" title="Special:BookSources/0815336640"><bdi>0815336640</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/847627589">847627589</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27I+Do+Not+Name+to+You+the+Voice+of+St.+Michael%27%3A+The+Identification+of+Joan+of+Arc%27s+Voices&rft.btitle=Fresh+Verdicts+on+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pages=85-112&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F847627589&rft.isbn=0815336640&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreshverdictsonj0000unse%2Fpage%2F85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan1999" class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, Karen (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull">The Interrogation of Joan of Arc</a>. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816689866" title="Special:BookSources/9780816689866"><bdi>9780816689866</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/236342924">236342924</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Interrogation+of+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F236342924&rft.isbn=9780816689866&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finterrogationofj00sull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2006" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Craig, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/">Joan of Arc: La Pucelle (Selected Sources Translated and Annotated)</a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719068478" title="Special:BookSources/9780719068478"><bdi>9780719068478</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1150142464">1150142464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%3A+La+Pucelle+%28Selected+Sources+Translated+and+Annotated%29&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1150142464&rft.isbn=9780719068478&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarclapucel00unse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2009" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Larissa (2009). The Virgin Warrior: The Life and Death of Joan of Arc (eBook). Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300161298" title="Special:BookSources/9780300161298"><bdi>9780300161298</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/794005335">794005335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Virgin+Warrior%3A+The+Life+and+Death+of+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F794005335&rft.isbn=9780300161298&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Larissa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuchman1982" class="citation book cs1">Tuchman, Barbara (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/distantmirrorcal00tuch/">A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century</a>. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780394400266" title="Special:BookSources/9780394400266"><bdi>9780394400266</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1033665932">1033665932</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Distant+Mirror%3A+The+Calamitous+14th+Century&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1033665932&rft.isbn=9780394400266&rft.aulast=Tuchman&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdistantmirrorcal00tuch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVale1974" class="citation book cs1">Vale, M. G. A. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesvii0000vale/">Charles VII</a>. Eyre Methuen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0413280802" title="Special:BookSources/0413280802"><bdi>0413280802</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1280787240">1280787240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+VII&rft.pub=Eyre+Methuen&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1280787240&rft.isbn=0413280802&rft.aulast=Vale&rft.aufirst=M.+G.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcharlesvii0000vale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerger1972" class="citation book cs1">Verger, Jacques (1972). "The University of Paris at the End of the Hundred Years' War". In Baldwin, John W.; Goldthwaite, Richard A. (eds.). Universities in Politics: Case Studies from the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 47–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801813727" title="Special:BookSources/0801813727"><bdi>0801813727</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1151833089">1151833089</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+University+of+Paris+at+the+End+of+the+Hundred+Years%27+War&rft.btitle=Universities+in+Politics%3A+Case+Studies+from+the+Late+Middle+Ages+and+Early+Modern+Period&rft.pages=47-78&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+Press&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1151833089&rft.isbn=0801813727&rft.aulast=Verger&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner1981" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Marina (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn">Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism</a>. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780394411453" title="Special:BookSources/9780394411453"><bdi>9780394411453</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1150060458">1150060458</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc%3A+The+Image+of+Female+Heroism&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1150060458&rft.isbn=9780394411453&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarcimageof0000warn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiskopf1996" class="citation book cs1">Weiskopf, Steven (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/113">"Readers of the Lost Arc: Secrecy, Specularity, and Speculation in the Trial of Joan of Arc"</a>. In Wheeler, Bonnie; Wood, Charles T. (eds.). Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc. Garland. pp. 113–132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815336640" title="Special:BookSources/0815336640"><bdi>0815336640</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/847627589">847627589</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Readers+of+the+Lost+Arc%3A+Secrecy%2C+Specularity%2C+and+Speculation+in+the+Trial+of+Joan+of+Arc&rft.btitle=Fresh+Verdicts+on+Joan+of+Arc&rft.pages=113-132&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F847627589&rft.isbn=0815336640&rft.aulast=Weiskopf&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreshverdictsonj0000unse%2Fpage%2F113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1988" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Charles (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joanofarcrichard0000wood">Joan of Arc and Richard III: Sex, Saints, and Government in the Middle Ages</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198021094" title="Special:BookSources/9780198021094"><bdi>9780198021094</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/519442443">519442443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joan+of+Arc+and+Richard+III%3A+Sex%2C+Saints%2C+and+Government+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F519442443&rft.isbn=9780198021094&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoanofarcrichard0000wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <dl><dd>Journal articles, dissertations, and theses</dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1975" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, Clifford (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228212724/https://www.medievalists.net/files/09012321.pdf">"The schizophrenia of Joan of Arc"</a> (PDF). History of Medicine (London). 6 (3–4): 4–9. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11630627">11630627</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medievalists.net/files/09012321.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Medicine+%28London%29&rft.atitle=The+schizophrenia+of+Joan+of+Arc&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=4-9&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11630627&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievalists.net%2Ffiles%2F09012321.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarstow1985" class="citation journal cs1">Barstow, Anne Llewellyn (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40003571">"Mystical experience as a feminist weapon: Joan of Arc"</a>. Women's Studies Quarterly. 13 (2): 26–29. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40003571">40003571</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125005059/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40003571">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Mystical+experience+as+a+feminist+weapon%3A+Joan+of+Arc&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=26-29&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40003571%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Barstow&rft.aufirst=Anne+Llewellyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40003571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd1986" class="citation journal cs1">Boyd, Beverly (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20716744">"Wyclif, Joan of Arc, and Margery Kempe"</a>. Mystics Quarterly. 12 (3): 112–118. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20716744">20716744</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211209003500/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20716744">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mystics+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Wyclif%2C+Joan+of+Arc%2C+and+Margery+Kempe&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=112-118&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20716744%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Beverly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20716744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2012" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Frederick (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43489248">"The battle for Joan"</a>. The Hudson Review. 65 (3): 439–452. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43489248">43489248</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217184249/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43489248">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hudson+Review&rft.atitle=The+battle+for+Joan&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=439-452&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43489248%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43489248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullough1974" class="citation journal cs1">Bullough, Vern L. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2777140">"Transvestites in the Middle Ages"</a>. American Journal of Sociology. 79 (6): 1381–1394. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F225706">10.1086/225706</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9602">0002-9602</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2777140">2777140</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12862078">12862078</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3466059">3466059</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224200319/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2777140">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=Transvestites+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1381-1394&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3466059%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F225706&rft.issn=0002-9602&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2777140%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12862078&rft.aulast=Bullough&rft.aufirst=Vern+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2777140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFContamine2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Contamine, Philippe (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/fr/article/view/45032">"Remarques critiques sur les étendards de Jeanne d'Arc"</a> [Critical remarks on the banners of Joan of Arc]. Francia (in French). 34 (1): 187–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11588%2Ffr.2007.1.45032">10.11588/fr.2007.1.45032</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507092851/https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/fr/article/view/45032">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Francia&rft.atitle=Remarques+critiques+sur+les+%C3%A9tendards+de+Jeanne+d%27Arc&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=187-200&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11588%2Ffr.2007.1.45032&rft.aulast=Contamine&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Findex.php%2Ffr%2Farticle%2Fview%2F45032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrane1996" class="citation journal cs1">Crane, Susan (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">"Clothing and gender definition: Joan of Arc"</a> (PDF). Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. 26 (2): 298–320. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Studies&rft.atitle=Clothing+and+gender+definition%3A+Joan+of+Arc&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=298-320&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Crane&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.smu.edu%2Fbwheeler%2Fjoan_of_arc%2Folr%2F08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2002" class="citation journal cs1">Elliott, Dyan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/532095">"Seeing double: John Gerson, the discernment of spirits and Joan of Arc"</a>. The American Historical Review. 107 (1): 26–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F532095">10.1086/532095</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/532095">10.1086/532095</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222174713/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/532095">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2021. 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Retrieved 9 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Fifteenth-century+French+Mistere+du+Siege+D%27Orl%C3%A9ans%3A+An+Annotated+Edition+%28Portions+in+French+Text%29&rft.inst=University+of+Arizona&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Hamblin&rft.aufirst=Vicki+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.arizona.edu%2Fhandle%2F10150%2F187687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamblin1988" class="citation journal cs1">Hamblin, Vicki L. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1347436">"The Mistère du siège d'Orléans as a representational drama"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Rocky+Mountain+Review+of+Language+and+Literature&rft.atitle=The+Mist%C3%A8re+du+si%C3%A8ge+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans+as+a+representational+drama&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=61-68&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194274410%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1347436%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1347436&rft.aulast=Hamblin&rft.aufirst=Vicki+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1347436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenker1984" class="citation journal cs1">Henker, F. O. (1984). "Joan of Arc and DSM III". 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Speculum. 89 (4): 936–973. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS003871341400164X">10.1017/S003871341400164X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43577195">43577195</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170115473">170115473</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211227215646/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43577195">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2021. 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Lethielleux. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1143025136">1143025136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Livre+Quatri%C3%A8me%3A+Texte+de+la+Recollectio&rft.btitle=Jean+Br%C3%A9hal%2C+Grand+Inquisiteur+de+France%2C+et+la+R%C3%A9habilitation+of+Jeanne+D%27Arc&rft.pub=P.+Lethielleux&rft.date=1893&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1143025136&rft.aulast=Br%C3%A9hal&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjean-brehal-grand-inquisiteur-de-france%2Fpage%2Fn205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPius_XI1922" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pius XI (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1922-04-03_14_7">"Galliam, Ecclesiae filiam"</a> [France, Daughter of the Church]. Acta Apostolicae Sedia (in Latin). 14 (7): 185–187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Apostolicae+Sedia&rft.atitle=Galliam%2C+Ecclesiae+filiam&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=185-187&rft.date=1922&rft.au=Pius+XI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1922-04-03_14_7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Pizan1497" class="citation web cs1">de Pizan, Christine (1977) [1493]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeanne-darc.info/contemporary-chronicles-other-testimonies/christine-de-pizan-le-ditie-de-jehanne-darc/">"Christine de Pisan: Ditié de Jehanne D'Arc"</a>. Jeanne dárc la pucelle. Translated by Kennedy, Angus J.; Varty, Kenneth. Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101024201/https://www.jeanne-darc.info/contemporary-chronicles-other-testimonies/christine-de-pizan-le-ditie-de-jehanne-darc/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jeanne+d%C3%A1rc+la+pucelle&rft.atitle=Christine+de+Pisan%3A+Diti%C3%A9+de+Jehanne+D%27Arc&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=de+Pizan&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeanne-darc.info%2Fcontemporary-chronicles-other-testimonies%2Fchristine-de-pizan-le-ditie-de-jehanne-darc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon.1500" class="citation book cs1">Rankin, Daniel; Quintal, Claire, eds. (c. 1500). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709132031/https://smu.edu/ijas/texts/joan.pdf">The First Biography of Joan of Arc with the Chronicle Record of a Contemporary Account</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1153286979">1153286979</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smu.edu/ijas/texts/joan.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Biography+of+Joan+of+Arc+with+the+Chronicle+Record+of+a+Contemporary+Account&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1153286979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smu.edu%2Fijas%2Ftexts%2Fjoan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <dl><dd>Transcripts of Joan of Arc's trial and the rehabilitation trial</dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818165959/https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/joanofarc-trial.asp">The Trial of Jeanne d'Arc</a>. Translated by Barrett, Wilfred Philips. Gotham House. 1932. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1314152">1314152</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/joanofarc-trial.asp">the original</a> on 18 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trial+of+Jeanne+d%27Arc&rft.pub=Gotham+House&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1314152&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourcebooks.fordham.edu%2Fbasis%2Fjoanofarc-trial.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"> (English language translation of Joan's trial.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuicherat1841a" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Quicherat, Jules (1841a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ProcesDeCondamnationV1">Procès de condamnation et de réhabilitation de Jeanne d'Arc, dite La Pucelle</a> [The Trials of the Condemnation and Rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, known as The Maid] (in Latin and French). Vol. I. Renouard. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/310772260">310772260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proc%C3%A8s+de+condamnation+et+de+r%C3%A9habilitation+de+Jeanne+d%27Arc%2C+dite+La+Pucelle&rft.pub=Renouard&rft.date=1841&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F310772260&rft.aulast=Quicherat&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FProcesDeCondamnationV1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"> (Latin text of Joan's trial.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Quicherat, Jules (1841b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ProcesDeCondamnationV2">Procès de condamnation et de réhabilitation de Jeanne d'Arc, dite La Pucelle</a> [The Trials of the Condemnation and Rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, known as The Maid] (in Latin and French). Vol. II. Renouard. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/310772267">310772267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proc%C3%A8s+de+condamnation+et+de+r%C3%A9habilitation+de+Jeanne+d%27Arc%2C+dite+La+Pucelle&rft.pub=Renouard&rft.date=1841&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F310772267&rft.aulast=Quicherat&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FProcesDeCondamnationV2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"> (Latin text of the rehabilitation trial, volume I.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Quicherat, Jules (1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ProcesDeCondamnationV3">Procès de condamnation et de réhabilitation de Jeanne d'Arc, dite La Pucelle</a> [The Trials of the Condemnation and Rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, known as The Maid] (in Latin and French). Vol. III. Renouard. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/162464167">162464167</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proc%C3%A8s+de+condamnation+et+de+r%C3%A9habilitation+de+Jeanne+d%27Arc%2C+dite+La+Pucelle&rft.pub=Renouard&rft.date=1845&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F162464167&rft.aulast=Quicherat&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FProcesDeCondamnationV3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+Arc" class="Z3988"> (Latin text of the rehabilitation trial, volume II.)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007l3yq">"The Siege of Orleans"</a>, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Anne Curry, Malcolm Vale & Matthew Bennett (<a href="/wiki/In_Our_Time_(radio_series)" title="In Our Time (radio series)">In Our Time</a>, 24 May 2007)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Joan_of_Arc" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joan_of_Arc" title="Template:Joan of Arc"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joan_of_Arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Joan of Arc"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joan_of_Arc" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joan of Arc"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joan_of_Arc" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joan of Arc</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maid_of_Lorraine_prophecies" class="mw-redirect" title="Maid of Lorraine prophecies">Maid of Lorraine prophecies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loire_Campaign_(1429)" title="Loire Campaign (1429)">Loire Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">Siege of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jargeau" title="Battle of Jargeau">Jargeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meung-sur-Loire" title="Battle of Meung-sur-Loire">Meung-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaugency_(1429)" title="Battle of Beaugency (1429)">Beaugency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saint-Pierre-le-Mo%C3%BBtier" title="Siege of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier">Siege of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Name of Joan of Arc">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Trial of Joan of Arc">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrial_of_Joan_of_Arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrial of Joan of Arc">Retrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonization_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Canonization of Joan of Arc">Canonization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and contemporaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_d%27Arc" title="Jacques d'Arc">Jacques d'Arc</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Rom%C3%A9e" title="Isabelle Romée">Isabelle Romée</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_d%27Arc" title="Pierre d'Arc">Pierre d'Arc</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierronne" title="Pierronne">Pierronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_de_Loh%C3%A9ac" class="mw-redirect" title="André de Lohéac">André de Lohéac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_de_Rais" title="Gilles de Rais">Gilles de Rais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_XIV_de_Laval" title="Guy XIV de Laval">Guy XIV de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_II,_Duke_of_Alen%C3%A7on" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean II, Duke of Alençon">Jean II, Duke of Alençon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_V_de_Bueil" title="Jean V de Bueil">Jean V de Bueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick">Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc">Cultural depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="The Tale of Joan of Arc">The Tale of Joan of Arc</a> (1429)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(poem)" title="Joan of Arc (poem)">Joan of Arc</a> (1796)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_Kissing_the_Sword_of_Deliverance" title="Joan of Arc Kissing the Sword of Deliverance">Joan of Arc Kissing the Sword of Deliverance</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(painting)" title="Joan of Arc (painting)">Joan of Arc</a> (1879)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc_(Fr%C3%A9miet)" title="Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet)">Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Joan_of_Arc_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (New York City)">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Joan_of_Arc_(Paris)" title="Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (Paris)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Joan_of_Arc_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (Portland, Oregon)">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Joan_of_Arc_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (Washington, D.C.)">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_C%C3%A9sar_Vermare#Jeanne_au_Sacre" title="André César Vermare">Jeanne au Sacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Maid_of_Orleans_(play)" title="The Maid of Orleans (play)">The Maid of Orleans</a> (1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joan_(play)" title="Saint Joan (play)">Saint Joan</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lark_(play)" title="The Lark (play)">The Lark</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc_at_Rouen,_1431" title="The Trial of Joan of Arc at Rouen, 1431">The Trial of Joan of Arc at Rouen, 1431</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Joan" title="I, Joan">I, Joan</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(1900_film)" title="Joan of Arc (1900 film)">Joan of Arc</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_the_Woman" title="Joan the Woman">Joan the Woman</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="The Passion of Joan of Arc">The Passion of Joan of Arc</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joan_the_Maid" title="Saint Joan the Maid">Saint Joan the Maid</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(1935_film)" title="Joan of Arc (1935 film)">Joan of Arc</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(1948_film)" title="Joan of Arc (1948 film)">Joan of Arc</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Destiny_(film)" title="Daughters of Destiny (film)">Daughters of Destiny</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_at_the_Stake" title="Joan of Arc at the Stake">Joan of Arc at the Stake</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joan_(1957_film)" title="Saint Joan (1957 film)">Saint Joan</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="The Trial of Joan of Arc">The Trial of Joan of Arc</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_the_Maid" title="Joan the Maid">Joan the Maid</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Messenger:_The_Story_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc">The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silence_of_Joan" title="The Silence of Joan">The Silence of Joan</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette:_The_Childhood_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Jeannette: The Childhood of Joan of Arc">Jeannette: The Childhood of Joan of Arc</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(2019_film)" title="Joan of Arc (2019 film)">Joan of Arc</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joan_(1967_film)" title="Saint Joan (1967 film)">Saint Joan</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(miniseries)" title="Joan of Arc (miniseries)">Joan of Arc</a> (1999 miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanna_d%27Arco" title="Giovanna d'Arco">Giovanna d'Arco</a> (1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Maid_of_Orleans_(opera)" title="The Maid of Orleans (opera)">The Maid of Orleans</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szenen_aus_dem_Leben_der_Heiligen_Johanna" title="Szenen aus dem Leben der Heiligen Johanna">Szenen aus dem Leben der Heiligen Johanna</a> (written 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_St._Joan" title="The Triumph of St. Joan">The Triumph of St. Joan</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Survival_of_St._Joan" title="The Survival of St. Joan">The Survival of St. Joan</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_M%C3%A4dchen_aus_Domr%C3%A9my" title="Das Mädchen aus Domrémy">Das Mädchen aus Domrémy</a> (1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_to_Reims" title="March to Reims">March to Reims</a> (initiated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_France" title="National symbols of France">National symbols of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing,_gender_identity,_and_sexuality_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Cross-dressing, gender identity, and sexuality of Joan of Arc">Cross-dressing, gender identity, and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_historical_interpretations_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc">Alternative historical interpretations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_symbols_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">Fleur-de-lis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasces" title="Fasces">Fasces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_France" title="Armorial of France">Armorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">Cockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_emblem_of_France" title="Diplomatic emblem of France">Diplomatic emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_ensigns" title="French ensigns">ensign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_rooster" title="Gallic rooster">Gallic rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_France" title="Great Seal of France">Great Seal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a> Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121446253">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/97108273">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/32981/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhhptjQPHkvBhBb4GF9Xd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118557238">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79033041">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945486j">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945486j">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620883">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35244296">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000720114&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX983805">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/256723">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06900563X">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90117305">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000056328&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000473356&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000036290">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=238788">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201622355">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dghnfl41b8dck">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810594091805606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/7272">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282814705171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512921906706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13950874">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06777258?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500343198">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/511c0e77-5d1c-4c47-a7e7-7dd9e43afe22">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/879753">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118557238.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118557238">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02874005X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6pc36t6">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 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wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Joan of Arc at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Joan_of_Arc" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Joan of Arc">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc" class="extiw" title="c:Jeanne d'Arc">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Joan_of_Arc" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Joan of Arc">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" class="extiw" title="q:Joan of Arc">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Joan_of_Arc" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Joan of Arc">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Joan_of_Arc" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Joan of Arc">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226" class="extiw" title="d:Q7226">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_of_Arc&oldid=1258572033">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_of_Arc&oldid=1258572033</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Joan_of_Arc" title="Category:Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li><li><a 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