CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">     <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <title>Leapfrogging into the future - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" />    <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=en" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" /> <meta name="description" content="The paper discusses the open questions in particle physics that motivate the design of a post-LHC generation of colliders and experiments that could offer answers to these questions by pushing further back the luminosity and energy frontiers. Evolution in the very early stages of the history of the Universe is still a puzzle, as is its accelerating expansion. The LHC is designed to operate at 7.5 TeV (ultimate value) while the proposed FCCs would offer an intensity-frontier electron-positron collider (FCC-ee), followed by an energy frontier proton collider (FCC-hh) reaching 50 TeV per beam or reaching energies of 100 TeV. The paper also outlines, complementary to FCC programmes, the non-accelerator experiment searchers to unveil the dark matter mystery and the way forward for designing and building scientific and technological solutions to implement the realisation of such a gigantic circular collider. The conceptual designs and tools to answer Big Science questions are known to be sources of innovation and FCC will follow the steps of LEP and LHC as the boundaries of accelerators and detector technologies are pushed to the limit. Benedikt, Michael; Ellis, John; Charitos, Panagiotis; Liyanage, Shantha" /> <meta name="keywords" content="CERN Document Server, WebSearch, CERN Document Server" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script>  <meta content="submitter : Leapfrogging into the future" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Benedikt, Michael" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Charitos, Panagiotis" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Liyanage, Shantha" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Ellis, John" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="10.1093/oso/9780198881193.003.0006" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="Big science, innovation, and societal contributions: The organisations and collaborations in big science experiments, Shantha Liyanage (ed. ) et al., Oxford University Press" name="citation_journal_title" /> <meta content="107-132" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="2024" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/07/05"> <meta content="10.1093/oso/9780198881193.003.0006" name="citation_doi" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406/files/oso-9780198881193-chapter-6.pdf" />  <meta content="submitter" property="og:title" /> <meta content="Leapfrogging into the future" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406" property="og:url" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="submitter" property="og:description" /> <meta content="The paper discusses the open questions in particle physics that motivate the design of a post-LHC generation of colliders and experiments that could offer answers to these questions by pushing further back the luminosity and energy frontiers. Evolution in the very early stages of the history of the Universe is still a puzzle, as is its accelerating expansion. The LHC is designed to operate at 7.5 TeV (ultimate value) while the proposed FCCs would offer an intensity-frontier electron-positron collider (FCC-ee), followed by an energy frontier proton collider (FCC-hh) reaching 50 TeV per beam or reaching energies of 100 TeV. The paper also outlines, complementary to FCC programmes, the non-accelerator experiment searchers to unveil the dark matter mystery and the way forward for designing and building scientific and technological solutions to implement the realisation of such a gigantic circular collider. The conceptual designs and tools to answer Big Science questions are known to be sources of innovation and FCC will follow the steps of LEP and LHC as the boundaries of accelerators and detector technologies are pushed to the limit." property="og:description" />  <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="en">  <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=en&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2903406" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=en">Your alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=en">Your baskets</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=en">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=en">Your searches</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=en" class="navtrail">Home</a> > Leapfrogging into the future </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2903406/?ln=en">Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2903406/files?ln=en">Files </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px"> </div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside">  <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2903406"></abbr> <style type="text/css">  </style> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth" > <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('https://cds.cern.ch/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2">  Article </td> </tr> <script type="text/javascript"> $( document ).ready(function() { $('.showAuthor').on('click', function() { var author = '<p>' + $(this).data('name') + '</p>'; var affiliation = $(this).data('affiliation') + '</br>'; var contribution = $(this).data('contribution') + '</br>'; $.magnificPopup.open({ items: { src: '<div id="ovelary-mathjax" class="overlay-white oc-content overlay-white-500">' + author + affiliation + contribution + '</div>', type: 'inline' }, callbacks: { open: function() { var div = document.getElementById("overlay-mathjax") MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub, div]); }, } }) }) }); </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>Leapfrogging into the future</b></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> Author(s) </span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Benedikt%2C%20Michael&ln=en">Benedikt, Michael</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Ellis%2C%20John&ln=en">Ellis, John</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Charitos%2C%20Panagiotis&ln=en">Charitos, Panagiotis</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Liyanage%2C%20Shantha&ln=en">Liyanage, Shantha</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2024</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">26</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198881193.003.0006">10.1093/oso/9780198881193.003.0006</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2896764">Big science, innovation, and societal contributions</a>, pp.107-132</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> DOI </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198881193.003.0006" title="DOI" target="_blank">10.1093/oso/9780198881193.003.0006</a> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Accelerators and Storage Rings ; Science in General</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">The paper discusses the open questions in particle physics that motivate the design of a post-LHC generation of colliders and experiments that could offer answers to these questions by pushing further back the luminosity and energy frontiers. Evolution in the very early stages of the history of the Universe is still a puzzle, as is its accelerating expansion. The LHC is designed to operate at 7.5 TeV (ultimate value) while the proposed FCCs would offer an intensity-frontier electron-positron collider (FCC-ee), followed by an energy frontier proton collider (FCC-hh) reaching 50 TeV per beam or reaching energies of 100 TeV. The paper also outlines, complementary to FCC programmes, the non-accelerator experiment searchers to unveil the dark matter mystery and the way forward for designing and building scientific and technological solutions to implement the realisation of such a gigantic circular collider. The conceptual designs and tools to answer Big Science questions are known to be sources of innovation and FCC will follow the steps of LEP and LHC as the boundaries of accelerators and detector technologies are pushed to the limit.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">© 2024 The authors (License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0</a>)</td></tr> </table> <br/>Corresponding record in: <a href="http://inspirehep.net/record/2793989">Inspire</a> <small> </small> <br/> <br/><br/><div align="right"><div style="padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:30px;"><span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"> <a href="" class="moreinfo">Back to search</a> </span></div></div> <div class="bottom-left-folded"><div class="recordlastmodifiedbox" style="position:relative;margin-left:1px"> Record created 2024-07-05, last modified 2024-07-24</div></div> <div class="bottom-right-folded" style="text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px;"> <span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"><a href="/search?ln=en&p=recid%3A2903406&rm=wrd" class="moreinfo">Similar records</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br /> <div class="detailedrecordminipanel"> <div class="top-left"></div><div class="top-right"></div> <div class="inside"> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelfile" style="width:33%;float:left;text-align:center;margin-top:0"> <div><small class="detailedRecordActions">Fulltext:</small> <br /><a href="/record/2903406/files/oso-9780198881193-chapter-6.pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-34x48.gif" alt="Download fulltext" /><br />PDF</a><br /></div> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelreview" style="width:30%;float:left;text-align:center"> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelactions" style="width:36%;float:right;text-align:right;"> <ul class="detailedrecordactions"> <li><a href="/yourbaskets/add?ln=en&recid=2903406">Add to personal basket</a></li> <li>Export as <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2903406/export/hx?ln=en">BibTeX</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2903406/export/hm?ln=en">MARC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2903406/export/xm?ln=en">MARCXML</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2903406/export/xd?ln=en">DC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2903406/export/xe?ln=en">EndNote</a>,  <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2903406/export/xn?ln=en">NLM</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2903406/export/xw?ln=en">RefWorks</a> </li> </ul> <div style='padding-left: 13px;'>  <div id="bookmark"></div> <div id="bookmark_sciencewise"></div> <style type="text/css"> #bookmark_sciencewise, #bookmark {float: left;} #bookmark_sciencewise li {padding: 2px; width: 25px;} #bookmark_sciencewise ul, #bookmark ul {list-style-image: none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.bookmark.min.js"></script> <style type="text/css">@import "/css/jquery.bookmark.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $.bookmark.addSite('sciencewise', 'ScienceWise.info', 'https://cds.cern.ch/img/sciencewise.png', 'en', 'bookmark', 'http://sciencewise.info/bookmarks/cds:2903406/add'); $('#bookmark_sciencewise').bookmark({sites: ['sciencewise']}); $('#bookmark').bookmark({ sites: ['facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'google_plusone'], icons: '/img/bookmarks.png', url: 'https://cds.cern.ch/record/2903406', addEmail: true, title: "Leapfrogging into the future", description: "The paper discusses the open questions in particle physics that motivate the design of a post-LHC generation of colliders and experiments that could offer answers to these questions by pushing further back the luminosity and energy frontiers. Evolution in the very early stages of the history of the Universe is still a puzzle, as is its accelerating expansion. The LHC is designed to operate at 7.5 TeV (ultimate value) while the proposed FCCs would offer an intensity-frontier electron-positron collider (FCC-ee), followed by an energy frontier proton collider (FCC-hh) reaching 50 TeV per beam or reaching energies of 100 TeV. The paper also outlines, complementary to FCC programmes, the non-accelerator experiment searchers to unveil the dark matter mystery and the way forward for designing and building scientific and technological solutions to implement the realisation of such a gigantic circular collider. The conceptual designs and tools to answer Big Science questions are known to be sources of innovation and FCC will follow the steps of LEP and LHC as the boundaries of accelerators and detector technologies are pushed to the limit." }); // ]]> </script>  </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom: 0;"></div> </div> <div class="bottom-left"></div><div class="bottom-right"></div> </div> </div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix">  <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> <br /> Powered by <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Maintained by <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? Contact <a href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Support</a>. <br /> </div> <div class="pagefooterstriperight"> <div class="cern-logo"> <a id="logo" href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN" rel="CERN" ><img src="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/img/cern-logo-large.png" alt="CERN" /></a> </div> <div class="cern-languagebox"> This site is also available in the following languages:<br /><a href="/record/2903406?ln=bg" class="langinfo">Български</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=ca" class="langinfo">Català</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=de" class="langinfo">Deutsch</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=el" class="langinfo">Ελληνικά</a>  <span class="langinfo">English</span>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=es" class="langinfo">Español</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=fr" class="langinfo">Français</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=hr" class="langinfo">Hrvatski</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=it" class="langinfo">Italiano</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=ja" class="langinfo">日本語</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=ka" class="langinfo">ქართული</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=no" class="langinfo">Norsk/Bokmål</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=pl" class="langinfo">Polski</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=pt" class="langinfo">Português</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=ru" class="langinfo">Русский</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=sk" class="langinfo">Slovensky</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=sv" class="langinfo">Svenska</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=zh_CN" class="langinfo">中文(简)</a>  <a href="/record/2903406?ln=zh_TW" class="langinfo">中文(繁)</a> </div> </div>  </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var SyndeticsBookCovers = (function() { var SMALL_SIZE = "sc.gif", MEDIUM_SIZE = "mc.gif", RAW_URL = "https://secure.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=THEISBN/THESIZE&client=cernlibrary"; replaceCover = function(imgElement, isbns, hdFormat) { var img = new Image(), size = hdFormat ? MEDIUM_SIZE : SMALL_SIZE; var _isbns = isbns.sort(function(a, b) { // sort from shortest to longest ISBN (more modern) return a.length > b.length ? 1 : -1; }); function next() { var isbn = _isbns.pop(); if (isbn) { var url = RAW_URL.replace("THEISBN", isbn).replace("THESIZE", size); img.src = url; } } function done() { imgElement.src = img.src; } img.onload = function() { if (this.width > 1) { done(); } else { next(); } }; next(); }; return { replaceCover: replaceCover }; })(); $(document).ready(function() { // get book covers $("img.book-cover").each(function() { var $this = $(this), strIsbns = $this.data("isbns") || "", isbnsArray = String(strIsbns).split(","), hdFormat = $this.hasClass("hd"); SyndeticsBookCovers.replaceCover(this, isbnsArray, hdFormat); }); // WebNews tooltips $.ajax({ url: "/news/tooltips", success: function(data) { create_tooltips(data); }, dataType: "json", cache: false }); }); </script>  <script src="//cds.cern.ch/js/feedback.js"></script>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '756']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  </body> </html>