CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134c55dac1ea3dc',cH: 'jf0ZnvMuGRJCOzjszBVYi8BR2bUt4RzgcZ4mj0ePNK8-1739784754-1.2.1.1-K2Hb_QvBjDsMmKO8zCJmtUbh0.4_fqi1tlKmdShDkBVsp0X4QeRYd4r9T7ShyHRI',cUPMDTk: "\/2655\/json?__cf_chl_tk=arLSxVCdQDNi6LIzECLcshemmrNFI9TtBjhDW4zONYY-1739784754-1.0.1.1-damPLiBIja_wOndd5vG2udWJauUP9TuH.0nZprP3ZEI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784754',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/2655\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=arLSxVCdQDNi6LIzECLcshemmrNFI9TtBjhDW4zONYY-1739784754-1.0.1.1-damPLiBIja_wOndd5vG2udWJauUP9TuH.0nZprP3ZEI",md: "cvKDUHuc7Y1Ztg6CTrHKMXzO.znFTYu8pPEzAxGGd20-1739784754-1.2.1.1-H1hqimdjwFQ9ldtgRS4YHbIKXMf8Br3DvAt6WIlQLJ0js0O636U.rCuN0KUIaBy_SLuKLhsqNEiqGwOFdNkO96vo2tM9xDt82Rcq8.sKKiw0amvIGfQ7PkInYkHstcQJZY.VunEN_W9GEacQ8ywJCdIp.TWpya0eOp8ZpePPD5tmDcunrpkeXhFmh0xDUhLOlOyRG4SmibCp6LJOqzvC0VlqsFvdfC8UFVg9P.lpXuAWALT9M34GapZKJHvUMW1W_nYyaFBWIdoWjfqmqCNW_wWVMlpHeuyf.1TWwHkLb4PpUZFXRwBDjlm85A5PLoRuOi89sWIHj4ESAHzYMIjOa5uL.d1JbcRcRJg0eOtLyP21g9xcnL2RyM9U9rbzxnE3gF3zEWR4i_lWnXgfbyMKaAopOBuT2GlnM_i_zhCLE6T8UvgZRd7SyxxhHNf2c8utpySTt7TluM9jixCJDN.RJ0ALXKs4lyBAjUrJ5ffdYLfwPq7wawq6EpQAtG.hBZOo5A1cw95sTXCOJ2bDh0rtoCSnJes5gvR7plWjMD3pAOIW7mEtV1QxmCsuSRmCw4J1cc8.gtQvhTTVpwH.nXUPz7SSKYXNCZcygxnlu2__5M_L6r88riXNQ9WPhtLYo8k74lQc0WmKDsooGigRt0JQnSIoZqiPeUHoSHUu_yUknAKPuidSclH3yhlftCSDLbgMHXsTbapRdS8BUdrbXfFrjfxbhKvLrbu94iYSd62_bjtFHFH7bmuSssm_wIti0FP01NBbAFWzd8.jJQC9YTCmvTb3HKdnp0hK4jJ9Z7qgi7cr9.xleapFIMaFokqScxJ76tLV5pYjxU7J3swwQHsLwswf9lxtU3a6vNaVjIKjMU0Ou7GjxHq41vq8d0NSZYgRn1qb93MzZlEdD7ZENseFKQ19HmVwDHgKRCCp4CPHadx44znEHAwFszcWC7y9_wqtf7A_DqYkHzqZ2SvLZ_P_91kkltfDBdnW2b5JlX_eZ3_6gEj1M9s8LOyxe_J2PujR.V8hrtB_v1DWk1LTu5Sr004fCXTQylgASWLB26uDqLmI1Bj6h7OyMfIfPOd.QN7bm7jUSU8xf2Au6Sijh2CZNbXRbOwdOq6dVhH2d8m3eE_9GlmVYJZd.2caVKDVuVu.Uu7yWn1aLh9sKKYoBcX4C46ATpdR1Za6BPi_9hkwRwEcNz0nOAzdaN2DJnsNLB.DkE148wwNzylCy81ZMRQW9WuG1G0Jihy2P59B1mjY1nDq0WPcvgp7GI7PqVjieOj4XTwUtrsCrGYS69Z6pPTxoId8oRL7zGvy5YUXnOZUgKloEyLeUOPjgzS4PpK5dVCt_9eG3YE0nBXBSut93Isu_Y08amuYAsvgZNtpOJOMMbPiCWRw22q5ZyudFPTH_PKBKlD7ko9UsJVNT58w8Z4oPnPReNjLrF9mAThZtT5L6DAChpR6iHuNfZoeWfjirnKmJHA0ssH0hHppJXEX52bNer3i3.hSqnrcl.iqiQZ9Pea6_isn4nzpzyPMGPakXLs8ApdvMZdpJvzeOiC5GqoiSjq4p_Cem9t3JJ6_j80GHHCdr3y5H8Za9dDPbQVVYWxAd.h7bBfLfysU1ABHV7yfQIVYlNKc11w0rP7ZNLVqmaOCkIaQ0B6M1A7VhRFoBGUhQLTptLBO2lEJAq1g8d6IhAC2a822SI5.6R03hodNpv4hrIJCP4i.fwHG2G9WvKd4H0If8Y975T3p6uTi4z.NiYsvijWY1fkMfrdGb_oMBpkoFFjW7Oij2gX0o7v_zC7OIy_VOAP37o3cU9swb.GCxG7VfK63znUaGF216g4pDz.l30oR53__Uc3QlOVbIkRyzcI9GGKfhQA2tqe6yXEMk7Q4Kt3qqxY1.UyoET7D0hs",mdrd: "TFPYR69s0OXZT6MeFpwDVAs2.eyAbhMHTbmASkJoM9U-1739784754-1.2.1.1-BuAk9soBHwtnzai70DzrCtIDz7zOdnS6sE_PL_OyJWiagGSRzehfZPB9A0oAsXUiCCB73UeCZLj1CRozhBgHJn9TWUG1Ln_CkZqUYEtVYdC95bTic7WhYH3M8chM1NZ9X.2tWOHupiWUUd_wwW0BK5_TUVpMHMX83xNhTN9POvRxy5bdtBIR0zYZqFl6pbnyVYhT_7a_MImZetl5SsZqLSNVQJoU.Ij0LFpqXrukyGnNM0ABgtpzO1ALTzCD19hUZ0x6QYM5GymgAKg3SacnNMsKGp11aRgDH.c27DxI19YmoNPc9ro6Sxvn6OZPgBayPPMX6JWDsTo1TlbE5IGnKxsTevzHhCUy_VVwGHVhjh501FBrTpJz6FOup4wbM.OMj2bP2rfT9JT9kDQRs0KzJxqy.7xczFjERmoEjO1ia0.TFanW0rixVUntplxgLt45.sTrhWCEov9nN1dOP6d2i2b.aaWbdCN0ZjllduPwPzy4dqUH3NQWc.Xh8B570px8gsVkWCO1.04NklBzjgqO4B55zxIIt3.KOahdRxjvfq21NHmQ.iFKKpYPVK0bIMGn5DpVfTybfJ5miICavSCMc4.EMoprA4FO8NoTaE6i3vRa1QztG_jIHDiKUn2Ud3ubK.JYyitOonZbyPqZfmHZBgLku__jiOesYQNIY.KIgXvJxKwfpMXHCTvaYm9gkBqF7DnvBsoBjZ6ORXez6womfRTWG324YE7ieQkY5MvRLg8.YW1gCteEX2Xwx0yzUH3i2BoNfnRzX4s9glf.utA2dq2d8xU8ZmgRxa201iDOdxllVI8wVwc8I84yvlNWIzXEJ7gku3ZdKbtYwo1qMiIf0hleuU8wQJpfnAhCc4ovTKuC3V5xbY26oaFSyF4Rkjq3P6dtLAsGU156ZUU8JJz.VYLPcVFTe5bTykYJ8rqh82nuegf8UmFOES2Pfwc.KQuOTcMdT67r6JFmrenkfwOACuA1y_eq0ybnltR_WLq1VKRHNTTDyRjxeFJkhAz_kZSqTHMRGdA7B8HHaJzlf.Ul3nNnq9GmNobv4cm5bfJJY4SRhzLOEEOgl_IxQSGYP58E0kSS8RTc8.mH6PGq2pt4APJy5iU5iuV3e3JlxzzXVWAqlwLU9vMkR6uLrDhchwgrv1lzOSFnBz9hwc1sxYHfSQCnmytw_5MEisG9iKfEzCkikNgD0OdBT6nd.Hr9heSuEwNhkO5Pv2RM1rGCGiiUxzDkj60lJeepslhhPTiBsTrm7inTF7NRGSvvWbiH8hd8kxNac3SIPdTNaUQSD.70vdX.skOtj3BqlcsGpxsHZyZd_A6hYs7lt_TCgsayvYccikipP4QvxCn.Pg0QWe3bq2reIPgWPfTTlBfs.gXjot2Rjdn7HMGKc1SyPEFWPQjGY9uBU.LC4KsForHOjTydEeeT2jYYqMu2LWrGob6JmbRpvnPtA5L_MIfZjUeH53Tc22gYmhZ3tLVGLGwv5PAYjIwCVCj2XBIl1rOmdN2NCFlZo6oPE8P6IifWKqL0QJ00T0QX64ucsgtp.QW7GDYQ3lpzP3DspPH67v0Spx9rhyM7oB78j8WEXTF7gqkEo4zTwKJk65Vk2dGzN.OgPdb_NA7Y7BFwBKWiIs4W.L.bN9Ruwo.y0SNa3M.d9_On.97UUJBTTCPYIndscxlBTUiaOxsCn.aKy2Xnan2lqxhuG.Me7MTM0CfZqcXPG7TxeYuWfPFw0fE5xOk.f3b5HxL9j1S027oFQ6KWMu0pJPbfKaoO5fHIv0k9ia6I4WaSkqxTeeQvr4V5viu1Fp9JBtGzwvago4.i5zyFRfaaNlotrkoWyPml3n1i0EzfKosUBKwq1RRyvR5PKWTK3yHmKMpybxtPZeYPM00.wC1rM.Q4Sw4EIqPEnH4e6WrPpO1zLB30ujS.ufeZKVLoQ14nHuWWkbVbZjeQlDJONy.VxbNiQp3Zd.0tVz5XoLax7yskYa6n"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134c55dac1ea3dc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/2655\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=arLSxVCdQDNi6LIzECLcshemmrNFI9TtBjhDW4zONYY-1739784754-1.0.1.1-damPLiBIja_wOndd5vG2udWJauUP9TuH.0nZprP3ZEI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>