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metabolism</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: metabolism"> <meta name="keywords" content="metabolism"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="metabolism"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 493</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: metabolism</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">493</span> Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Anthraquinone Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20Yu.%20Korulkin">Dmitry Yu. Korulkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raissa%20A.%20Muzychkina"> Raissa A. Muzychkina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In review the generalized data about biosynthetic routs formation anthraquinone molecules in natural cells. The basic possibilities of various ways of biosynthesis of different quinoid substances are shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthraquinones" title="anthraquinones">anthraquinones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20evolution" title=" biochemical evolution"> biochemical evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosynthesis" title=" biosynthesis"> biosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism" title=" metabolism"> metabolism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11435/biosynthesis-and-metabolism-of-anthraquinone-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">492</span> The Pharmacology and Physiology of Steroid Oral Contraceptives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ragy%20Raafat%20Gaber%20Attaalla">Ragy Raafat Gaber Attaalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PIP: This review, based on 2 large-scale studies, discusses the pharmacology and physiology of oral steroid contraceptives (OCs). The pharmacological distinction between synthetic and naturally occurring steroids centers on changes in biological activity dependent on compound formulation and an individual's metabolism. OC mechanism of action is explained as the main prevention of ovulation by interference with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Since some 52 metabolic alterations have been reported in OC users, these phenomena are dealt with in 3 categories: 1) effects on the primary target organs of the female reproductive tract (ovary, myometrium, endometrium, cervix, vagina, breasts, and hypothalamus), 2) general metabolic effects (serum proteins, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, water and electrolyte metabolism, body weight, tryptophan metabolism, and vitamins and minerals), and 3) effects on other organ systems (liver, central nervous system, skin, genitourinary, gastrointestinal tract, eye, immune phenomena, and effect on subsequent fertility). The choice of the proper OC formulation and use of OCs by adolescents are discussed. Assessment of OC safety, contraindications, and patient monitoring are provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steroid%20oral%20contraceptives" title="steroid oral contraceptives">steroid oral contraceptives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovulation" title=" ovulation"> ovulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20reproductive%20tract" title=" female reproductive tract"> female reproductive tract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20effects" title=" metabolic effects"> metabolic effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160813/the-pharmacology-and-physiology-of-steroid-oral-contraceptives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">491</span> Study and Melanocyte Adrenocorticotropic Effects on Sugar Metabolism and Immune Response in Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bouaouiche">A. Bouaouiche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Boulakoud"> M. S. Boulakoud </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The functioning of the pineal gland, the transducer body of environmental information to the neuroendocrine system is subject to a circadian rhythm. Melatonin is the main neuro-hormone expressing this operation. It is synthesized in the pinealocytes after conversion serotonin via N-acetyl-transferase enzyme, itself subject to a photoperiodic modulation (activation dark inhibition by light). Some authors have suggested that melatonin is involved in diabetic disease and found that it could have a diabetogenic effect. To this study the effect of this hormone on glucose metabolism has long been subject to controversy. Agreeing in effect and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic effect. In order to illustrate the level of interaction of melatonin with neuro-immune- corticotropin axis and its impact on carbohydrate metabolism, we studied the impact homeostatic (glucose) through the solicitation of two control systems (gland pineal and corticotropin axis). We then found that melatonin could have an indirect influence on insulin control (glucose metabolism) to the levels of the growth hormone axis (somatostatin) and adrenocorticotropic (corticotropin). In addition, we have suggested that melatonin might limit the hyperglycemic action of corticosteroids by direct action at peripheral level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pin%C3%A9al%20gland" title="pinéal gland">pinéal gland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melatonin" title=" melatonin"> melatonin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuro-immuno-corticotrop" title=" neuro-immuno-corticotrop"> neuro-immuno-corticotrop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism" title=" metabolism "> metabolism </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23778/study-and-melanocyte-adrenocorticotropic-effects-on-sugar-metabolism-and-immune-response-in-rabbits-oryctolagus-cuniculus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">490</span> A System Dynamic Based DSS for Ecological Urban Management in Alexandria, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20M.%20Salem">Mona M. Salem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20S.%20Al-Hagla"> Khaled S. Al-Hagla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hany%20M.%20Ayad"> Hany M. Ayad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of urban metabolism has increasingly been employed in a diverse range of disciplines as a mean to analyze and theorize the city. Urban ecology has a particular focus on the implications of applying the metabolism concept to the urban realm. This approach has been developed by a few researchers, though it has rarely if ever been used in policy development for city planning. The aim of this research is to use ecologically informed urban planning interventions to increase the sustainability of urban metabolism; with special focus on land stock as a most important city resource by developing a system dynamic based DSS. This model identifies two critical management strategy variables for the Strategic Urban Plan Alexandria SUP 2032. As a result, this comprehensive and precise quantitative approach is needed to monitor, measure, evaluate and observe dynamic urban changes working as a decision support system (DSS) for policy making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title="ecology">ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20resource" title=" land resource"> land resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LULCC" title=" LULCC"> LULCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism" title=" metabolism"> metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenarios" title=" scenarios"> scenarios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20dynamics" title=" system dynamics"> system dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20development" title=" urban development"> urban development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84347/a-system-dynamic-based-dss-for-ecological-urban-management-in-alexandria-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">489</span> The Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Metabolism in Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Plant Exposed to Drought and Salt Stresses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazilet%20%C3%96zlem%20%C3%87eki%C3%A7">Fazilet Özlem Çekiç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyda%20Y%C4%B1lmaz"> Seyda Yılmaz </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity and drought are important environmental problems in the world and have negative effects on plant metabolism. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), four-carbon non-protein amino acid, is a significant component of the free amino acid pool. GABA is widely distributed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Environmental stress factors increase GABA accumulation in plants. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA) on GABA metabolism system during drought and salt stress factors in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants. GABA, Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, chlorophyll, and lipid peroxidation (MDA) analyses were determined. According to our results we can suggest that GA play a role in GABA metabolism during salt and drought stresses in bean plants. Also GABA shunt is an important metabolic pathway and key signaling allowing to adapt to drought and salt stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gibberellic%20acid" title="gibberellic acid">gibberellic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GABA" title=" GABA"> GABA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phaseolus%20vulgaris%20L." title=" Phaseolus vulgaris L."> Phaseolus vulgaris L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought "> drought </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16184/the-effect-of-gibberellic-acid-on-gamma-aminobutyric-acid-gaba-metabolism-in-phaseolus-vulgaris-l-plant-exposed-to-drought-and-salt-stresses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">488</span> Human Metabolism of the Drug Candidate PBTZ169</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vadim%20Makarov">Vadim Makarov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stewart%20T.Cole"> Stewart T.Cole</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PBTZ169 is novel drug candidate with high efficacy in animals models, and its combination treatment of PBTZ169 with BDQ and pyrazinamide was shown to be more efficacious than the standard treatment for tuberculosis in a mouse model. The target of PBTZ169 is famous DprE1, an essential enzyme in cell wall biosynthesis. The crystal structure of the DprE1-PBTZ169 complex reveals formation of a semimercaptal adduct with Cys387 in the active site and explains the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. Furthermore, this drug candidate demonstrated during preclinical research ‘drug like’ properties what made it an attractive drug candidate to treat tuberculosis in humans. During first clinical trials several cohorts of the healthy volunteers were treated by the single doses of PBTZ169 as well as two weeks repeated treatment was chosen for two maximal doses. As expected PBTZ169 was well tolerated, and no significant toxicity effects were observed during the trials. The study of the metabolism shown that human metabolism of PBTZ169 is very different from microbial or animals compound transformation. So main pathway of microbial, mice and less rats metabolism connected with reduction processes, but human metabolism mainly connected with oxidation processes. Due to this difference we observed several metabolites of PBTZ169 in humans with antitubercular activity, and now we can conclude that animal antituberculosis activity of PBTZ169 is a result not only activity of the drug itself, but it is a result of the sum activity of the drug and its metabolites. Direct antimicrobial plasma activity was studied, and such activity was observed for 24 hours after human treatment for some doses. This data gets high chance for good efficacy of PBTZ169 in human for treatment TB infection. Second phase of clinical trials was started summer of 2017 and continues to the present day. Available data will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20trials" title="clinical trials">clinical trials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DprE1" title=" DprE1"> DprE1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PBTZ169" title=" PBTZ169"> PBTZ169</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism" title=" metabolism"> metabolism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88320/human-metabolism-of-the-drug-candidate-pbtz169" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">487</span> Robustness Analysis of the Carbon and Nitrogen Co-Metabolism Model of Mucor mucedo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20Banihashemi">Nahid Banihashemi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An emerging important area of the life sciences is systems biology, which involves understanding the integrated behavior of large numbers of components interacting via non-linear reaction terms. A centrally important problem in this area is an understanding of the co-metabolism of protein and carbohydrate, as it has been clearly demonstrated that the ratio of these metabolites in diet is a major determinant of obesity and related chronic disease. In this regard, we have considered a systems biology model for the co-metabolism of carbon and nitrogen in colonies of the fungus Mucor mucedo. Oscillations are an important diagnostic of underlying dynamical processes of this model. The maintenance of specific patterns of oscillation and its relation to the robustness of this system are the important issues which have been targeted in this paper. In this regard, parametric sensitivity approach as a theoretical approach has been considered for the analysis of the robustness of this model. As a result, the parameters of the model which produce the largest sensitivities have been identified. Furthermore, the largest changes that can be made in each parameter of the model without losing the oscillations in biomass production have been computed. The results are obtained from the implementation of parametric sensitivity analysis in Matlab. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20biology" title="system biology">system biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20sensitivity%20analysis" title=" parametric sensitivity analysis"> parametric sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20co-metabolism" title=" carbon and nitrogen co-metabolism"> carbon and nitrogen co-metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mucor%20mucedo" title=" Mucor mucedo"> Mucor mucedo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16288/robustness-analysis-of-the-carbon-and-nitrogen-co-metabolism-model-of-mucor-mucedo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">486</span> Cellular Energy Metabolism Decreases with Age in the Trophocytes and Oenocytes of Honeybees (Apis Mellifera)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Yuan%20Hsu">Chin-Yuan Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Lung%20Chuang"> Yu-Lung Chuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The expression, concentration, and activity of mitochondrial energy-utilized molecules and cellular energy-regulated molecules decreased with age in the trophocytes and oenocytes of honeybees (Apis mellifera), but those of cellular energy-metabolized molecules is unknown. In this study, the expression, concentration, and activity of cellular energy-metabolized molecules were assayed in the trophocytes and fat cells of young and old worker bees by using the techniques of cell and biochemistry. The results showed that (i) the •-hydroxylacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HOAD) activity/citrate synthase (CS) activity ratio, non-esterified fatty acids concentrations, the expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E, and the expression of phosphorylated eIF4E binding protein 1 decreased with age; (ii) fat and glycogen accumulation increased with age; and (iii) the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity/citrate synthase (CS) activity ratio was not correlated with age. These finding indicated that •-oxidation (HOAD/CS) and protein synthsis decreased with age. Glycolysis (PDH/CS) was unchanged with age. The most likely reason is that sugars are the vital food of worker bees. Taken together these data reveal that young workers have higher cellular energy metabolism than old workers and that aging results in a decline in the cellular energy metabolism in worker honeybees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title="aging">aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeybee" title=" honeybee"> honeybee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism" title=" metabolism "> metabolism </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23207/cellular-energy-metabolism-decreases-with-age-in-the-trophocytes-and-oenocytes-of-honeybees-apis-mellifera" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">485</span> Effect of Brown Algae, Ecklonia arborea and Silvetia compressa, in Lipidemic and Hepatic Metabolism in Wistar Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Acevedo-Pacheco">Laura Acevedo-Pacheco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janet%20Alejandra%20Gutierrez-Uribe"> Janet Alejandra Gutierrez-Uribe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucia%20Elizabeth%20Cruz-Suarez"> Lucia Elizabeth Cruz-Suarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Segio%20Othon%20Serna-Saldivar"> Segio Othon Serna-Saldivar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seaweeds can generate changes in the metabolism of lipids; as a consequence, this may diminish cholesterol and other lipids in the blood. However, the consumption of marine algae may also alter the functions of other organs. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effect of two different sorts of algae (Ecklonia arborea and Silvetia compressa) in the metabolism of lipids, as well as, in the physiology of the liver. Wistar male rats were fed for two months with independent diets composed of 20% of fat and 2.5% of E. arborea and S. compressa each. Blood parameters (cholesterol, lipoproteins, triglycerides, hepatic enzymes) and triglycerides in the liver were quantified, and also hepatic histology analyses were performed. While S. compressa reduced 18% total cholesterol compared to the positive control, E. arborea increased it 5.8%. Animals fed with S. compressa presented a decrement, compared to the positive control, not only in low density lipoproteins levels (53%) but also in triglycerides (67%). The presence of steatosis in the histologies and the high levels of triglycerides showed an evident lipid accumulation in hepatic tissues of rats fed with both algae. These results indicate that even though S. compressa showed a promising resource to decrease total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in blood, a detrimental effect was observed in liver physiology. Further investigations should be made to find out if toxic compounds associated with these seaweeds may cause liver damage especially in terms of heavy metals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brown%20algae" title="brown algae">brown algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eisenia%20arborea" title=" Eisenia arborea"> Eisenia arborea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatic%20metabolism" title=" hepatic metabolism"> hepatic metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipidemic%20metabolism" title=" lipidemic metabolism"> lipidemic metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pelvetia%20compressa" title=" Pelvetia compressa"> Pelvetia compressa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steatosis" title=" steatosis"> steatosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106805/effect-of-brown-algae-ecklonia-arborea-and-silvetia-compressa-in-lipidemic-and-hepatic-metabolism-in-wistar-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">484</span> Effect of cold water immersion on bone mineral metabolism in aging rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Baranowska-Bosiacka">Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mateusz%20Bosiacki"> Mateusz Bosiacki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrycja%20Kupnicka"> Patrycja Kupnicka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Lubkowska"> Anna Lubkowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariusz%20Chlubek"> Dariusz Chlubek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physical activity and a balanced diet are among the key factors of "healthy ageing". Physical effort, including swimming in cold water (including bathing in natural water reservoirs), is widely recognized as a hardening factor, with a positive effect on the mental and physical health. At the same time, there is little scientific evidence to verify this hypothesis. In the literature to date, it is possible to obtain data on the impact of these factors on selected physiological and biochemical parameters of the blood, at the same time there are no results of research on the effect of immersing in cold water on mineral metabolism, especially bones, hence it seems important to perform such an analysis in relation to the key elements such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P). Taking the above into account, a hypothesis was put forward about the possibility of a positive effect of exercise in cold water on mineral metabolism and bone density in aging rats. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an 8-week swimming training on mineral metabolism and bone density in aging rats in response to exercise in cold water (5oC) in comparison to swimming in thermal comfort (36oC) and sedentary (control) rats of both sexes. The examination of the concentration of the examined elements in the bones was carried out using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The mineral density of the femurs of the rats was measured using the Hologic Horizon DEXA System® densitometer. The results of our study showed that swimming in cold water affects bone mineral metabolism in aging rats by changing the Ca, Mg, P concentration and at the same time increasing their bone density. In males, a decrease in Mg concentration and no changes in bone density were observed. In the light of the research results, it seems that swimming in cold water may be a factor that positively modifies the bone aging process by improving the mechanisms affecting their density. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swimming%20in%20cold%20water" title="swimming in cold water">swimming in cold water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation%20to%20cold%20water" title=" adaptation to cold water"> adaptation to cold water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20mineral%20metabolism" title=" bone mineral metabolism"> bone mineral metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title=" aging"> aging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163011/effect-of-cold-water-immersion-on-bone-mineral-metabolism-in-aging-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">483</span> Linking Metabolism, Pluripotency and Epigenetic Changes during Early Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arieh%20Moussaieff">Arieh Moussaieff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicte%20Elena-Herrmann"> Bénédicte Elena-Herrmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaakov%20Nahmias"> Yaakov Nahmias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Aberdam"> Daniel Aberdam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is a slow process, marked by the gradual loss of pluripotency factors over days in culture. While the first few days of differentiation show minor changes in the cellular transcriptome, intracellular signaling pathways remain largely unknown. Recently, several groups demonstrated that the metabolism of pluripotent mouse and human cells is different from that of somatic cells, showing a marked increase in glycolysis previously identified in cancer as the Warburg effect. Here, we sought to identify the earliest metabolic changes induced at the first hours of differentiation. High-resolution NMR analysis identified 35 metabolites and a distinct, gradual transition in metabolism during early differentiation. Metabolic and transcriptional analyses showed the induction of glycolysis toward acetate and acetyl-coA in pluripotent cells, and an increase in cholesterol biosynthesis during early differentiation. Importantly, this metabolic pathway regulated differentiation of human and mouse embryonic stem cells. Acetate delayed differentiation preventing differentiation-induced histone de-acetylation in a dose-dependent manner. Glycolytic inhibitors upstream of acetate caused differentiation of pluripotent cells, while those downstream delayed differentiation. Our data suggests that a rapid loss of glycolysis in early differentiation down-regulates acetate and acetyl-coA production, causing a loss of histone acetylation and concomitant loss of pluripotency. It demonstrate that pluripotent stem cells utilize a novel metabolism pathway to maintain pluripotency through acetate/acetyl-coA and highlights the important role metabolism plays in pluripotency and early differentiation of stem cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pluripotency" title="pluripotency">pluripotency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolomics" title=" metabolomics"> metabolomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epigenetics" title=" epigenetics"> epigenetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetyl-coA" title=" acetyl-coA"> acetyl-coA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26521/linking-metabolism-pluripotency-and-epigenetic-changes-during-early-differentiation-of-embryonic-stem-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">482</span> Coffee Consumption and Glucose Metabolism: a Systematic Review of Clinical Trials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caio%20E.%20G.%20Reis">Caio E. G. Reis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20G.%20D%C3%B3rea"> Jose G. Dórea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20H.%20M.%20da%20Costa"> Teresa H. M. da Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Epidemiological data shows an inverse association of coffee consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the clinical effects of coffee consumption on the glucose metabolism biomarkers remain controversial. Thus, this paper reviews clinical trials that evaluated the effects of coffee consumption on glucose metabolism. Research Design and Methods: We identified studies published until December 2014 by searching electronic databases and reference lists. We included randomized clinical trials which the intervention group received caffeinated and/or decaffeinated coffee and the control group received water or placebo treatments and measured biomarkers of glucose metabolism. The Jadad Score was applied to evaluate the quality of the studies whereas studies that scored ≥ 3 points were considered for the analyses. Results: Seven clinical trials (total of 237 subjects) were analyzed involving adult healthy, overweight and diabetic subjects. The studies were divided in short-term (1 to 3h) and long-term (2 to 16 weeks) duration. The results for short-term studies showed that caffeinated coffee consumption may increase the area under the curve for glucose response, while for long-term studies caffeinated coffee may improve the glycemic metabolism by reducing the glucose curve and increasing insulin response. These results seem to show that the benefits of coffee consumption occur in the long-term as has been shown in the reduction of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, until the relationship between long-term coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus is better understood and any mechanism involved identified, it is premature to make claims about coffee preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The findings suggest that caffeinated coffee may impairs glucose metabolism in short-term but in the long-term the studies indicate reduction of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. More clinical trials with comparable methodology are needed to unravel this paradox. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coffee" title="coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus%20type%202" title=" diabetes mellitus type 2"> diabetes mellitus type 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title=" glucose"> glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin" title=" insulin"> insulin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33693/coffee-consumption-and-glucose-metabolism-a-systematic-review-of-clinical-trials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">481</span> Reducing Metabolism Residues in Maintenance Goldfish (Carrasius auratus auratus) by Phytoremediation Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Nurkhasanah">Anna Nurkhasanah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamzah%20Muhammad%20Ihsan"> Hamzah Muhammad Ihsan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Wulandari"> Nurul Wulandari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water quality affects the body condition of aquatic organisms. One of the methods to manage water quality, usually called phytoremediation, involves using aquatic plants. The purpose of this study is to find out the best aquatic plants to reducing metabolism residues from aquatic organism. 5 aquariums (40x30x30 cm) containing 100 grams from each 4 different plants such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), salvinia (Salvinia molesta), cabomba (Cabomba caroliniana), and hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), thirteen goldfis (Carrasius auratus auratus) are maintained. The maintenance is conducted through a week and water quality measurements are performed three times. The results show that pH value tends to range between 7,22-8,72. The temperature varies between 25-26 °C. DO values varies between 5,2-10,5 mg/L. Amoniac value is between 0,005–5,2 mg/L. Nitrite value is between 0,005 mg/L-2,356 mg/L. Nitrate value is between 0,791 mg/L-1,737 mg/L. CO2 value is between 2,2 mg/L-6,1 mg/L. The result of survival rate of goldfish for all treatments is 100%. Based on this study, the best aquatic plant to reduce metabolism residues is hydrilla. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title="phytoremediation">phytoremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goldfish" title=" goldfish"> goldfish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquatic%20plants" title=" aquatic plants"> aquatic plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6221/reducing-metabolism-residues-in-maintenance-goldfish-carrasius-auratus-auratus-by-phytoremediation-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">480</span> Silicon Nanoparticles and Irradiated Chitosan: Sustainable Elicitors for PS II Activity and Antioxidant Mediated Plant Immunity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mukarram">Mohammad Mukarram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Masroor%20A.%20Khan"> M. Masroor A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Kurjak"> Daniel Kurjak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Fabrika"> Marek Fabrika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats) is an aromatic grass with great industrial potential. It is cultivated for its essential oil (EO), which has great economic value due to its numerous medicinal, cosmetic, and culinary applications. The present study had the goal to evaluate whether the combined application of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) 150 mg L⁻¹ and irradiated chitosan (ICH) 120 mg L⁻¹ can upgrade lemongrass crop and render enhanced growth and productivity. The analyses of growth and photosynthetic parameters, leaf-nitrogen, and reactive oxygen species metabolism, as well as the content of total essential oil, indicated that combined foliar sprays of SiNPs and ICH can significantly (p≤0.05) trigger a general activation of lemongrass metabolism. Overall, the data indicate that concomitant SiNPs and ICH application elicit lemongrass physiology and defence system, and opens new possibilities for their biotechnological application on other related plant species with agronomic potential. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title="photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cymbopogon" title=" Cymbopogon"> Cymbopogon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20metabolism" title=" antioxidant metabolism"> antioxidant metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROS" title=" ROS"> ROS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polysaccharides" title=" polysaccharides"> polysaccharides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145948/silicon-nanoparticles-and-irradiated-chitosan-sustainable-elicitors-for-ps-ii-activity-and-antioxidant-mediated-plant-immunity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">479</span> A Proposal to Integrate Spatially Explicit Ecosystem Services with Urban Metabolic Modelling </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Elliot">Thomas Elliot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Babi%20Almenar"> Javier Babi Almenar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedetto%20Rugani"> Benedetto Rugani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The integration of urban metabolism (UM) with spatially explicit ecosystem service (ES) stocks has the potential to advance sustainable urban development. It will correct the lack of spatially specificity of current urban metabolism models. Furthermore, it will include into UM not only the physical properties of material and energy stocks and flows, but also the implications to the natural capital that provides and maintains human well-being. This paper presents the first stages of a modelling framework by which urban planners can assess spatially the trade-offs of ES flows resulting from urban interventions of different character and scale. This framework allows for a multi-region assessment which takes into account sustainability burdens consequent to an urban planning event occurring elsewhere in the environment. The urban boundary is defined as the Functional Urban Audit (FUA) method to account for trans-administrative ES flows. ES are mapped using CORINE land use within the FUA. These stocks and flows are incorporated into a UM assessment method to demonstrate the transfer and flux of ES arising from different urban planning implementations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20economics" title="ecological economics">ecological economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem%20services" title=" ecosystem services"> ecosystem services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20planning" title=" spatial planning"> spatial planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20metabolism" title=" urban metabolism"> urban metabolism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75964/a-proposal-to-integrate-spatially-explicit-ecosystem-services-with-urban-metabolic-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">478</span> Fatty Acid Metabolism in Hypertension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin%20Hua%20Zhang">Yin Hua Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cardiac metabolism is essential in myocardial contraction. In addition to glucose, fatty acids (FA) are essential in producing energy in the myocardium since FA-dependent beta-oxidation accounts for > 70-90% of cellular ATP under resting conditions. However, metabolism shifts from FAs to glucose utilization during disease progression (e.g. hypertrophy and ischemic myocardium), where glucose oxidation and glycolysis become the predominant sources of cellular ATP. At advanced failing stage, both glycolysis and beta-oxidation are dysregulated, result in insufficient supply of intracellular ATP and weakened myocardial contractility. Undeniably, our understandings of myocyte function in healthy and diseased hearts are based on glucose (10 mM)-dependent metabolism because glucose is the “sole” metabolic substrate in most of the physiological experiments. In view of the importance of FAs in cardiovascular health and diseases, we aimed to elucidate the impacts of FA supplementation on myocyte contractility and evaluate cellular mechanisms those mediate the functions in normal heart and with pathological stress. In particular, we have investigated cardiac excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in the presence and absence of FAs in normal and hypertensive rat left ventricular (LV) myocytes. Our results reveal that FAs increase mitochondrial activity, intracellular [Ca²+]i, and LV myocyte contraction in healthy LV myocytes, whereas FA-dependent cardiac inotropyis attenuated in hypertension. FA-dependent myofilament Ca²+ desensitization could be fundamental in regulating [Ca²+]i. Collectively, FAs supplementation resets cardiac E-C coupling scheme in healthy and diseased hearts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title="hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart" title=" heart"> heart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium" title=" calcium"> calcium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147617/fatty-acid-metabolism-in-hypertension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">477</span> Expression of Micro RNAs in the Liver Tissue of Mice Generated through in vitro Embryo Culture and Embryo Transfer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6ksel%20Do%C4%9Fan">Göksel Doğan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk"> Murat Öztürk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didar%20Tu%C4%9F%C3%A7e%20Karakulak"> Didar Tuğçe Karakulak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Nurullah%20Orman"> Mehmet Nurullah Orman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Sylvius"> Nicolas Sylvius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Blades"> Matthew Blades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Sand%C4%B1k%C3%A7%C4%B1"> Mustafa Sandıkçı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cengiz%20%C3%9Cnsal"> Cengiz Ünsal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehtap%20K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7%20Eren"> Mehtap Kılıç Eren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Funda%20K%C4%B1ral"> Funda Kıral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levent%20Karagen%C3%A7"> Levent Karagenç</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assisted reproduction is associated with impaired glucose metabolism in adulthood. miRNAs are key regulators of glucose metabolism. Whether embryo culture and/or transfer alters the expression of miRNAs and to what extent this process affects glucose metabolism remain largely unknown. The purpose of the present study was to examine the expression of miRNAs in the liver in mice obtained by the transfer of blastocysts. The study was comprised of an experimental (EG) and a control group (CG). EG was generated by embryo transfer to pseudo-pregnant females. Mice born from naturally ovulating females were used as the CG. Differential expression of miRNAs, blood glucose, plasma insulin, liver glycogen, and activities of some of the rate-limiting enzymes involved in glucose metabolism were determined at ten weeks of age. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glycogen concentrations were similar between the groups in both sexes. Activities of enzymes were similar among females. EG males had significantly less glucokinase and phosphofructokinase activity compared to CG males. None of the miRNAs were differentially expressed in males. On the other hand, miR-143-3p expression was upregulated in EG females. Expression of none of the genes targeted by miR143-3p differed between the groups. These results demonstrate that miR143-3p, a novel regulator of type 2 diabetes, is upregulated in mice generated by assisted reproduction in a sexually-dimorphic manner with no apparent effect on glucose and insulin levels at ten weeks of age. It remains to be determined if this process is associated with impaired glucose homeostasis in the long term. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assisted%20reproduction" title="assisted reproduction">assisted reproduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blastocyst" title=" blastocyst"> blastocyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embryo%20culture" title=" embryo culture"> embryo culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose%20metabolism" title=" glucose metabolism"> glucose metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miR143-3p" title=" miR143-3p"> miR143-3p</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen" title=" oxygen"> oxygen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158072/expression-of-micro-rnas-in-the-liver-tissue-of-mice-generated-through-in-vitro-embryo-culture-and-embryo-transfer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">476</span> Application of Deep Learning and Ensemble Methods for Biomarker Discovery in Diabetic Nephropathy through Fibrosis and Propionate Metabolism Pathways</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwafunmibi%20Omotayo%20Fasanya">Oluwafunmibi Omotayo Fasanya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Augustine%20Kena%20Adjei"> Augustine Kena Adjei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes, with fibrosis and propionate metabolism playing critical roles in its progression. Identifying biomarkers linked to these pathways may provide novel insights into DN diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to identify biomarkers associated with fibrosis and propionate metabolism in DN. Analyze the biological pathways and regulatory mechanisms of these biomarkers. Develop a machine learning model to predict DN-related biomarkers and validate their functional roles. Publicly available transcriptome datasets related to DN (GSE96804 and GSE104948) were obtained from the GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds), and 924 propionate metabolism-related genes (PMRGs) and 656 fibrosis-related genes (FRGs) were identified. The analysis began with the extraction of DN-differentially expressed genes (DN-DEGs) and propionate metabolism-related DEGs (PM-DEGs), followed by the intersection of these with fibrosis-related genes to identify key intersected genes. Instead of relying on traditional models, we employed a combination of deep neural networks (DNNs) and ensemble methods such as Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM) and XGBoost to enhance feature selection and biomarker discovery. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) was coupled with these advanced algorithms to refine the selection of the most critical biomarkers. Functional validation was conducted using convolutional neural networks (CNN) for gene set enrichment and immunoinfiltration analysis, revealing seven significant biomarkers—SLC37A4, ACOX2, GPD1, ACE2, SLC9A3, AGT, and PLG. These biomarkers are involved in critical biological processes such as fatty acid metabolism and glomerular development, providing a mechanistic link to DN progression. Furthermore, a TF–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network was constructed using natural language processing models to identify 8 transcription factors and 60 miRNAs that regulate these biomarkers, while a drug–gene interaction network revealed potential therapeutic targets such as UROKINASE–PLG and ATENOLOL–AGT. This integrative approach, leveraging deep learning and ensemble models, not only enhances the accuracy of biomarker discovery but also offers new perspectives on DN diagnosis and treatment, specifically targeting fibrosis and propionate metabolism pathways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20nephropathy" title="diabetic nephropathy">diabetic nephropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20neural%20networks" title=" deep neural networks"> deep neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient%20boosting%20machines%20%28GBM%29" title=" gradient boosting machines (GBM)"> gradient boosting machines (GBM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XGBoost" title=" XGBoost"> XGBoost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194139/application-of-deep-learning-and-ensemble-methods-for-biomarker-discovery-in-diabetic-nephropathy-through-fibrosis-and-propionate-metabolism-pathways" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">475</span> NMR-Based Metabolomics Reveals Dietary Effects in Liver Extracts of Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Fed Different Levels of Starch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rani%20Abro">Rani Abro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ata%20Moazzami"> Ali Ata Moazzami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Erik%20Lindberg"> Jan Erik Lindberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torbj%C3%B6rn%20Lundh"> Torbjörn Lundh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of dietary starch level on liver metabolism in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) was studied using 1H-NMR based metabolomics. Fingerlings were fed iso-nitrogenous diets containing 0, 10 and 20 % starch for two months before liver samples were collected for metabolite analysis. Metabolite profiling was performed using 600 MHz NMR Chenomx software. In total, 48 metabolites were profiled in liver extracts from both fish species. Following the profiling, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLC-DA) were performed. These revealed that differences in the concentration of significant metabolites were correlated to the dietary starch level in both species. The most prominent difference in metabolic response to starch feeding between the omnivorous tilapia and the carnivorous Arctic charr was an indication of higher anaerobic metabolism in Arctic charr. The data also indicated that amino acid and pyrimidine metabolism was higher in Artic charr than in tilapia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arctic%20charr" title="arctic charr">arctic charr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolomics" title=" metabolomics"> metabolomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title=" starch"> starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilapia" title=" tilapia "> tilapia </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24696/nmr-based-metabolomics-reveals-dietary-effects-in-liver-extracts-of-arctic-charr-salvelinus-alpinus-and-tilapia-oreochromis-mossambicus-fed-different-levels-of-starch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">474</span> Molecular Alterations Shed Light on Alteration of Methionine Metabolism in Gastric Intestinal Metaplesia; Insight for Treatment Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigatu%20Tadesse">Nigatu Tadesse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Liu"> Ying Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Li"> Juan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Ming%20Liu"> Hong Ming Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gastric carcinogenesis is a lengthy process of histopathological transition from normal to atrophic gastritis (AG) to intestinal metaplasia (GIM), dysplasia toward gastric cancer (GC). The stage of GIM identified as precancerous lesions with resistance to H-pylori eradication and recurrence after endoscopic surgical resection therapies. GIM divided in to two morphologically distinct phenotypes such as complete GIM bearing intestinal type morphology whereas the incomplete type has colonic type morphology. The incomplete type GIM considered to be the greatest risk factor for the development of GC. Studies indicated the expression of the caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) gene is responsible for the development of complete GIM but its progressive downregulation from incomplete metaplasia toward advanced GC identified as the risk for IM progression and neoplastic transformation. The downregulation of CDX2 gene have promoted cell growth and proliferation in gastric and colon cancers and ascribed in chemo-treatment inefficacies. CDX2 downregulated through promoter region hypermethylation in which the methylation frequency positively correlated with the dietary history of the patients, suggesting the role of diet as methyl carbon donor sources such as methionine. However, the metabolism of exogenous methionine is yet unclear. Targeting exogenous methionine metabolism has become a promising approach to limits tumor cell growth, proliferation and progression and increase treatment outcome. This review article discusses molecular alterations that could shed light on the potential of exogenous methionine metabolisms, such as gut microbiota alteration as sources of methionine to host cells, metabolic pathway signaling via PI3K/AKt/mTORC1-c-MYC to rewire exogenous methionine and signature of increased gene methylation index, cell growth and proliferation in GIM, with insights to new treatment avenue via targeting methionine metabolism, and the need for future integrated studies on molecular alterations and metabolomics to uncover altered methionine metabolism and characterization of CDX2 methylation in gastric intestinal metaplasia for potential therapeutic exploitation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=altered%20methionine%20metabolism" title="altered methionine metabolism">altered methionine metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intestinal%20metaplesia" title=" Intestinal metaplesia"> Intestinal metaplesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDX2%20gene" title=" CDX2 gene"> CDX2 gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20cancer" title=" gastric cancer"> gastric cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184882/molecular-alterations-shed-light-on-alteration-of-methionine-metabolism-in-gastric-intestinal-metaplesia-insight-for-treatment-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">473</span> Temporal Trends in the Urban Metabolism of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naif%20Albelwi">Naif Albelwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Kwan"> Alan Kwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yacine%20Rezgui"> Yacine Rezgui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cities with rapid growth face tremendous challenges not only to provide services to meet this growth but also to assure that this growth occurs in a sustainable way. The consumption of material, energy, and water resources is inextricably linked to population growth with a unique impact in urban areas, especially in light of significant investments in infrastructure to support urban development. Urban Metabolism (UM) is becoming popular as it provides a framework accounting the mass and energy flows through a city. The objective of this study is to determine the energy and material flows of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia using locally generated data from 1996 and 2012 and analyzing the temporal trends of energy and material flows. Preliminary results show that while the population of Riyadh grew 90% since 1996, the input and output flows have increased at higher rate. Results also show increasing in energy mobile consumption from 61k TJ in 1996 to 157k TJ in 2012 which points to Riyadh’s inefficient urban form. The study findings highlight the importance to develop effective policies for improving the use of resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20and%20water%20consumption" title="energy and water consumption">energy and water consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20development" title=" urban development"> urban development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20metabolism" title=" urban metabolism"> urban metabolism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55550/temporal-trends-in-the-urban-metabolism-of-riyadh-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">472</span> Determination of Myocardial Function Using Heart Accumulated Radiopharmaceuticals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20C%20.D.%20Kulathilake">C. C .D. Kulathilake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jayatilake"> M. Jayatilake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Takahashi"> T. Takahashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The myocardium is composed of specialized muscle which relies mainly on fatty acid and sugar metabolism and it is widely contribute to the heart functioning. The changes of the cardiac energy-producing system during heart failure have been proved using autoradiography techniques. This study focused on evaluating sugar and fatty acid metabolism in myocardium as cardiac energy getting system using heart-accumulated radiopharmaceuticals. Two sets of autoradiographs of heart cross sections of Lewis male rats were analyzed and the time- accumulation curve obtained with use of the MATLAB image processing software to evaluate fatty acid and sugar metabolic functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoradiographs" title="autoradiographs">autoradiographs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiopharmaceuticals" title=" radiopharmaceuticals"> radiopharmaceuticals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar" title=" sugar"> sugar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33660/determination-of-myocardial-function-using-heart-accumulated-radiopharmaceuticals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">471</span> Characterization of the Catalytic and Structural Roles of the Human Hexokinase 2 in Cancer Progression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mir%20Hussain%20Nawaz">Mir Hussain Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyudmila%20Nedyalkova"> Lyudmila Nedyalkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haizhong%20Zhu"> Haizhong Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wael%20M.%20Rabeh"> Wael M. Rabeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we aim to biochemically and structurally characterize the interactions of human HK2 with the mitochondria in addition to the role of its N-terminal domain in catalysis and stability of the full-length enzyme. Here, we solved the crystal structure of human HK2 in complex with glucose and glucose-6-phosphate (PDB code: 2NZT), where it is a homodimer with catalytically active N- and C-terminal domains linked by a seven-turn α-helix. Different from the inactive N-terminal domains of isozymes 1 and 3, the N- domain of HK2 not only capable to catalyze a reaction but it is responsible for the thermodynamic stabilizes of the full-length enzyme. Deletion of first α-helix of the N-domain that binds to the mitochondria altered the stability and catalytic activity of the full-length HK2. In addition, we found the linker helix between the N- and C-terminal domains to play an important role in controlling the catalytic activity of the N-terminal domain. HK2 is a major step in the regulation of glucose metabolism in cancer making it an ideal target for the development of new anticancer therapeutics. Characterizing the structural and molecular mechanisms of human HK2 and its role in cancer metabolism will accelerate the design and development of new cancer therapeutics that are safe and cancer specific. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20metabolism" title="cancer metabolism">cancer metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymology" title=" enzymology"> enzymology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20discovery" title=" drug discovery"> drug discovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20stability" title=" protein stability"> protein stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62099/characterization-of-the-catalytic-and-structural-roles-of-the-human-hexokinase-2-in-cancer-progression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">470</span> Analysis on Thermococcus achaeans with Frequent Pattern Mining</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeongyeob%20Hong">Jeongyeob Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myeonghoon%20Park"> Myeonghoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taeson%20Yoon"> Taeson Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the advent of Achaeans which utilize different metabolism pathway and contain conspicuously different cellular structure, they have been recognized as possible materials for developing quality of human beings. Among diverse Achaeans, in this paper, we compared 16s RNA Sequences of four different species of Thermococcus: Achaeans genus specialized in sulfur-dealing metabolism. Four Species, Barophilus, Kodakarensis, Hydrothermalis, and Onnurineus, live near the hydrothermal vent that emits extreme amount of sulfur and heat. By comparing ribosomal sequences of aforementioned four species, we found similarities in their sequences and expressed protein, enabling us to expect that certain ribosomal sequence or proteins are vital for their survival. Apriori algorithms and Decision Tree were used. for comparison. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achaeans" title="Achaeans">Achaeans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thermococcus" title=" Thermococcus"> Thermococcus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apriori%20algorithm" title=" apriori algorithm"> apriori algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree" title=" decision tree"> decision tree</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30046/analysis-on-thermococcus-achaeans-with-frequent-pattern-mining" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">469</span> Reconstruction of a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Simulate Uncoupled Growth of Zymomonas mobilis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Saeidi">Maryam Saeidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Motamedian"> Ehsan Motamedian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abbas%20Shojaosadati"> Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zymomonas mobilis is known as an example of the uncoupled growth phenomenon. This microorganism also has a unique metabolism that degrades glucose by the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway. In this paper, a genome-scale metabolic model including 434 genes, 757 reactions and 691 metabolites was reconstructed to simulate uncoupled growth and study its effect on flux distribution in the central metabolism. The model properly predicted that ATPase was activated in experimental growth yields of Z. mobilis. Flux distribution obtained from model indicates that the major carbon flux passed through ED pathway that resulted in the production of ethanol. Small amounts of carbon source were entered into pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle to produce biomass precursors. Predicted flux distribution was in good agreement with experimental data. The model results also indicated that Z. mobilis metabolism is able to produce biomass with maximum growth yield of 123.7 g (mol glucose)-1 if ATP synthase is coupled with growth and produces 82 mmol ATP gDCW-1h-1. Coupling the growth and energy reduced ethanol secretion and changed the flux distribution to produce biomass precursors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genome-scale%20metabolic%20model" title="genome-scale metabolic model">genome-scale metabolic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zymomonas%20mobilis" title=" Zymomonas mobilis"> Zymomonas mobilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncoupled%20growth" title=" uncoupled growth"> uncoupled growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux%20distribution" title=" flux distribution"> flux distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATP%20dissipation" title=" ATP dissipation"> ATP dissipation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15686/reconstruction-of-a-genome-scale-metabolic-model-to-simulate-uncoupled-growth-of-zymomonas-mobilis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">468</span> Cardioprotective Effects of Grape Seed Extract against Lipo-toxicity and Energy Metabolism Alterations in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thouraya%20Majoul">Thouraya Majoul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity is now a real public health issue throughout the world, and it is well-established that obesity leads to cardiovascular diseases. The prevention and treatment of obesity using nutritional supplements has become a realistic and effective approach. This study was carried out to analyze the incidence of a high-fat diet on rat heart metabolism as well as on fatty acids composition, then to investigate the eventual protective effects of a grape seed extract (GSE). The experimental design consisted of three rat groups subjected to three different conditions; standard (SD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD+GSE (HG). We showed that GSE counteracted the effect of HFD on fatty acid composition, namely, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid (ARA), palmitic acid (PA) and palmitoleic acid. Besides, GSE treatment restored HFD-altered metabolic pathways through the recovery of some cardiac enzyme activities such as lipase, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. The cardiac lactate level and lactate dehydrogenase activity were also analyzed in relation to HFD and GSE administration. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the anti-obesity and cardioprotective effects of GSE in relation to fatty acid composition and some cardiac enzymes, supporting its role as a therapeutic agent of obesity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grape%20seed%20extract" title="Grape seed extract">Grape seed extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic" title=" phenolic"> phenolic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardioprotective" title=" cardioprotective"> cardioprotective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipotoxicity" title=" lipotoxicity"> lipotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20metabolism" title=" energy metabolism"> energy metabolism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166483/cardioprotective-effects-of-grape-seed-extract-against-lipo-toxicity-and-energy-metabolism-alterations-in-high-fat-diet-induced-obese-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">467</span> Targeting Methionine Metabolism In Gastric Cancer; Promising To Improve Chemosensetivity With Non-hetrogeneity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigatu%20Tadesse">Nigatu Tadesse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Juan"> Li Juan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liuhong%20Ming"> Liuhong Ming</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common and fourth deadly cancer in the world with limited treatment options at late advanced stage in which surgical therapy is not recommended with chemotherapy remain as the mainstay of treatment. However, the occurrence of chemoresistance as well as intera-tumoral and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of response to targeted and immunotherapy underlined a clear unmet treatment need in gastroenterology. Several molecular and cellular alterations ascribed for chemo resistance in GC including cancer stem cells (CSC) and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling. Cancer cells including CSC bears higher metabolic demand and major changes in TME involves alterations of gut microbiota interacting with nutrients metabolism. Metabolic upregulation in lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids biosynthesis pathways identified as a common hall mark in GC. Metabolic addiction to methionine metabolism occurs in many cancer cells to promote the biosynthesis of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl donor molecule for high rate of transmethylation in GC and promote cell proliferation. Targeting methionine metabolism found to promotes chemo-sensitivity with treatment non-heterogeneity. Methionine restriction (MR) promoted the arrest of cell cycle at S/G2 phase and enhanced downregulation of GC cells resistance to apoptosis (including ferroptosis), which suggests the potential of synergy with chemotherapies acting at S-phase of the cell cycle as well as inducing cell apoptosis. Accumulated evidences showed both the biogenesis as well as intracellular metabolism of exogenous methionine could be safe and effective target for therapy either alone or in combination with chemotherapies. This review article provides an over view of the upregulation in methionine biosynthesis pathway and the molecular signaling through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-c-MYC axis to promote metabolic reprograming through activating the expression of L-type aminoacid-1 (LAT1) transporter and overexpression of Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A(MAT2A) for intercellular metabolic conversion of exogenous methionine to SAM in GC, and the potential of targeting with novel therapeutic agents such as methioninase (METase), Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), c-MYC, methyl like transferase 16 (METTL16) inhibitors that are currently under clinical trial development stages and future perspectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20cancer" title="gastric cancer">gastric cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methionine%20metabolism" title=" methionine metabolism"> methionine metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pi3k%2Fakt%2Fmtorc1-c-myc%20axis" title=" pi3k/akt/mtorc1-c-myc axis"> pi3k/akt/mtorc1-c-myc axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20microbiota" title=" gut microbiota"> gut microbiota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAT2A" title=" MAT2A"> MAT2A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=c-MYC" title=" c-MYC"> c-MYC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=METTL16" title=" METTL16"> METTL16</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methioninase" title=" methioninase"> methioninase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185697/targeting-methionine-metabolism-in-gastric-cancer-promising-to-improve-chemosensetivity-with-non-hetrogeneity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">466</span> Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Lipid Metabolism and Increased Fat around the Muscle Durability by Reducing the Oxidation Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Khodaei">Hamidreza Khodaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Daryabeigi%20Zand"> Ali Daryabeigi Zand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of isomers of linoleic acid. Despite the fact that 28 different isomers of CLA have already been identified, but the main isomer found in natural diets more than ninety percent CLA on intake of food constitutes demonstrates. CLA is known to be a substance that readily available by rumen microorganisms in some ruminants such as cattle and sheep would likely be made. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of CLA on lipid metabolism and enhanced fat around the muscle durability by reducing the process of oxidation. In order to implement this research, 80 female mice of the Balb/C, with 55 days of age were employed in the experiment. Treatments include various levels of CLA. Over the course of this study blood samples was also taken from the tail vein of the studied mice. Some other relevant parameters such as serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and liver enzymes were also determined. The oxidative stability of fats TBARS technique was investigated at different intervals. The findings of the research were analyzed by statistical software of SAS 98. The results, CLA had no significant effect on liver enzymes (P > 0.05). However, it showed a statistically significant impact on triglycerides and total cholesterol. Ratio of LDL to HDL declined remarkably. Histological studies demonstrated reduced accumulation of fat in the tissues surrounding muscles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugated%20linoleic%20acid" title="conjugated linoleic acid">conjugated linoleic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat%20metabolism" title=" fat metabolism"> fat metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat%20retention" title=" fat retention"> fat retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20process" title=" oxidation process"> oxidation process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75414/effect-of-conjugated-linoleic-acid-on-lipid-metabolism-and-increased-fat-around-the-muscle-durability-by-reducing-the-oxidation-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">465</span> Adaptative Metabolism of Lactic Acid Bacteria during Brewers' Spent Grain Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Acin-Albiac">M. Acin-Albiac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Filannino"> P. Filannino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Coda"> R. Coda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlo%20G.%20Rizzello"> Carlo G. Rizzello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gobbetti"> M. Gobbetti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Di%20Cagno"> R. Di Cagno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Demand for smart management of large amounts of agro-food by-products has become an area of major environmental and economic importance worldwide. Brewers' spent grain (BSG), the most abundant by-product generated in the beer-brewing process, represents an example of valuable raw material and source of health-promoting compounds. To the date, the valorization of BSG as a food ingredient has been limited due to poor technological and sensory properties. Tailored bioprocessing through lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation is a versatile and sustainable means for the exploitation of food industry by-products. Indigestible carbohydrates (e.g., hemicelluloses and celluloses), high phenolic content, and mostly lignin make of BSG a hostile environment for microbial survival. Hence, the selection of tailored starters is required for successful fermentation. Our study investigated the metabolic strategies of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum strains to exploit BSG as a food ingredient. Two distinctive BSG samples from different breweries (Italian IT- and Finish FL-BSG) were microbially and chemically characterized. Growth kinetics, organic acid profiles, and the evolution of phenolic profiles during the fermentation in two BSG model media were determined. The results were further complemented with gene expression targeting genes involved in the degradation cellulose, hemicelluloses building blocks, and the metabolism of anti-nutritional factors. Overall, the results were LAB genus dependent showing distinctive metabolic capabilities. Leuc. pseudomesenteroides DSM 20193 may degrade BSG xylans while sucrose metabolism could be furtherly exploited for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production to enhance BSG pro-technological properties. Although L. plantarum strains may follow the same metabolic strategies during BSG fermentation, the mode of action to pursue such strategies was strain-dependent. L. plantarum PU1 showed a great preference for β-galactans compared to strain WCFS1, while the preference for arabinose occurred at different metabolic phases. Phenolic compounds profiling highlighted a novel metabolic route for lignin metabolism. These findings will allow an improvement of understanding of how lactic acid bacteria transform BSG into economically valuable food ingredients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brewery%20by-product%20valorization" title="brewery by-product valorization">brewery by-product valorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism%20of%20plant%20phenolics" title=" metabolism of plant phenolics"> metabolism of plant phenolics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism%20of%20lactic%20acid%20bacteria" title=" metabolism of lactic acid bacteria"> metabolism of lactic acid bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20expression" title=" gene expression"> gene expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128663/adaptative-metabolism-of-lactic-acid-bacteria-during-brewers-spent-grain-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">464</span> Determination of the Phosphate Activated Glutaminase Localization in the Astrocyte Mitochondria Using Kinetic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20V.%20Kazmiruk">N. V. Kazmiruk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20R.%20Nartsissov"> Y. R. Nartsissov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phosphate activated glutaminase (GA, E.C. 3.5.1.2) plays a key role in glutamine/glutamate homeostasis in mammalian brain, catalyzing the hydrolytic deamidation of glutamine to glutamate and ammonium ions. GA is mainly localized in mitochondria, where it has the catalytically active form on the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and the other soluble form, which is supposed to be dormant. At present time, the exact localization of the membrane glutaminase active site remains a controversial and an unresolved issue. The first hypothesis called c-side localization suggests that the catalytic site of GA faces the inter-membrane space and products of the deamidation reaction have immediate access to cytosolic metabolism. According to the alternative m-side localization hypothesis, GA orients to the matrix, making glutamate and ammonium available for the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in mitochondria directly. In our study, we used a multi-compartment kinetic approach to simulate metabolism of glutamate and glutamine in the astrocytic cytosol and mitochondria. We used physiologically important ratio between the concentrations of glutamine inside the matrix of mitochondria [Glnₘᵢₜ] and glutamine in the cytosol [Glncyt] as a marker for precise functioning of the system. Since this ratio directly depends on the mitochondrial glutamine carrier (MGC) flow parameters, key observation was to investigate the dependence of the [Glnmit]/[Glncyt] ratio on the maximal velocity of MGC at different initial concentrations of mitochondrial glutamate. Another important task was to observe the similar dependence at different inhibition constants of the soluble GA. The simulation results confirmed the experimental c-side localization hypothesis, in which the glutaminase active site faces the outer surface of the IMM. Moreover, in the case of such localization of the enzyme, a 3-fold decrease in ammonium production was predicted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutamate%20metabolism" title="glutamate metabolism">glutamate metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutaminase" title=" glutaminase"> glutaminase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20approach" title=" kinetic approach"> kinetic approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitochondrial%20membrane" title=" mitochondrial membrane"> mitochondrial membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-compartment%20modeling" title=" multi-compartment modeling"> multi-compartment modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109742/determination-of-the-phosphate-activated-glutaminase-localization-in-the-astrocyte-mitochondria-using-kinetic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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