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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latar_belakang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latar_belakang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Latar belakang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latar_belakang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pertempuran Atlantik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 49 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A_(1939-1945)" title="معركة الأطلسي (1939-1945) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة الأطلسي (1939-1945)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_del_Atl%C3%A1nticu" title="Batalla del Atlánticu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Batalla del Atlánticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantika_d%C3%B6y%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Atlantika döyüşü (1939–1945) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atlantika döyüşü (1939–1945)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%87%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="آتلانتیکا اۇغروندا ساواش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آتلانتیکا اۇغروندا ساواش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83_(1939%E2%80%941945)" title="Бітва за Атлантыку (1939—1945) – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бітва за Атлантыку (1939—1945)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Битка за Атлантика (Втора световна война) – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка за Атлантика (Втора световна война)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_l%27Atl%C3%A0ntic_(1939-1945)" title="Batalla de l'Atlàntic (1939-1945) – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de l'Atlàntic (1939-1945)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_bitva_o_Atlantik" title="Druhá bitva o Atlantik – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druhá bitva o Atlantik" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%C4%83%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%95_(1939%E2%80%941945)" title="Атлантика çапăçăвĕ (1939—1945) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Атлантика çапăçăвĕ (1939—1945)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_om_Atlanten_(1939-1945)" title="Slaget om Atlanten (1939-1945) – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slaget om Atlanten (1939-1945)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantikschlacht" title="Atlantikschlacht – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atlantikschlacht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Μάχη του Ατλαντικού – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάχη του Ατλαντικού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Battle of the Atlantic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_de_Atlantiko" title="Batalo de Atlantiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo de Atlantiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_del_Atl%C3%A1ntico" title="Batalla del Atlántico – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla del Atlántico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantikoko_gudua" title="Atlantikoko gudua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atlantikoko gudua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_(%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B9%E2%80%93%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B5)" title="نبرد آتلانتیک (۱۹۳۹–۱۹۴۵) – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد آتلانتیک (۱۹۳۹–۱۹۴۵)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantin_taistelu" title="Atlantin taistelu – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Atlantin taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_l%27Atlantique_(1939-1945)" title="Bataille de l'Atlantique (1939-1945) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de l'Atlantique (1939-1945)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_do_Atl%C3%A1ntico" title="Batalla do Atlántico – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Batalla do Atlántico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="המערכה באוקיינוס האטלנטי במלחמת העולם השנייה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המערכה באוקיינוס האטלנטי במלחמת העולם השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="अटलांटिक की लड़ाई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अटलांटिक की लड़ाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanti_csata_(m%C3%A1sodik_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BA)" title="Atlanti csata (második világháború) – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Atlanti csata (második világháború)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Ատլանտիկայի ճակատամարտ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ատլանտիկայի ճակատամարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_dell%27Atlantico_(1939-1945)" title="Battaglia dell'Atlantico (1939-1945) – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia dell'Atlantico (1939-1945)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6)" title="大西洋の戦い (第二次世界大戦) – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大西洋の戦い (第二次世界大戦)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%84%9C%EC%96%91_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC_(%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84)" title="대서양 전투 (제2차 세계 대전) – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대서양 전투 (제2차 세계 대전)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Битка за Атлантикот – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Битка за Атлантикот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Atlantik" title="Pertempuran Atlantik – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Atlantik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_om_de_Atlantische_Oceaan" title="Slag om de Atlantische Oceaan – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag om de Atlantische Oceaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_om_Atlanterhavet_(andre_verdenskrig)" title="Slaget om Atlanterhavet (andre verdenskrig) – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget om Atlanterhavet (andre verdenskrig)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_l%27Atlantic_(1939-1945)" title="Batalha de l'Atlantic (1939-1945) – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Batalha de l'Atlantic (1939-1945)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_o_Atlantyk" title="Bitwa o Atlantyk – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa o Atlantyk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_do_Atl%C3%A2ntico" title="Batalha do Atlântico – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha do Atlântico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_Atlanticului_(Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial)" title="Bătălia Atlanticului (Al Doilea Război Mondial) – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia Atlanticului (Al Doilea Război Mondial)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_(1939%E2%80%941945)" title="Битва за Атлантику (1939—1945) – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва за Атлантику (1939—1945)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_bitka_za_Atlantik" title="Druga bitka za Atlantik – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Druga bitka za Atlantik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Battle of the Atlantic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_bitka_o_Atlantik" title="Druhá bitka o Atlantik – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Druhá bitka o Atlantik" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_za_Atlantik" title="Bitka za Atlantik – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bitka za Atlantik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beteja_e_Atlantikut" title="Beteja e Atlantikut – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Beteja e Atlantikut" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Друга битка за Атлантик – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Друга битка за Атлантик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_om_Atlanten" title="Slaget om Atlanten – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget om Atlanten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ยุทธนาวีแห่งแอตแลนติก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุทธนาวีแห่งแอตแลนติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantik_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Atlantik Savaşı – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atlantik Savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_(1939%E2%80%941945)" title="Битва за Атлантику (1939—1945) – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва за Атлантику (1939—1945)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantika_jangi" title="Atlantika jangi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atlantika jangi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_chi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_T%C3%A2y_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Trận chiến Đại Tây Dương (1939–1945) – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận chiến Đại Tây Dương (1939–1945)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0_(1939%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941945%E5%B9%B4)" title="大西洋海戰 (1939年—1945年) – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大西洋海戰 (1939年—1945年)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q157627#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vevent" style="border-spacing:2px;;width:315px"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Pertempuran Atlantik</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Officers_on_the_bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Officers_on_the_bridge.jpg/300px-Officers_on_the_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Officers_on_the_bridge.jpg/450px-Officers_on_the_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Officers_on_the_bridge.jpg/600px-Officers_on_the_bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="538" /></a></span><br /><i>Petugas berdiri di atas anjungan sebuah kapal penghancur Inggris sedang meneropong kapal selam musuh, Oktober 1941</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Tanggal</th><td>3 September 3 1939 – 8 Mei 1945<br />(5 tahun, 8 bulan dan 5 hari)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Lokasi</th><td><span class="location"><a href="/wiki/Samudera_Atlantik" class="mw-redirect" title="Samudera Atlantik">Samudera Atlantik</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laut_Utara" title="Laut Utara">Laut Utara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laut_Irlandia" title="Laut Irlandia">Laut Irlandia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laut_Labrador" title="Laut Labrador">Laut Labrador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teluk_St._Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Teluk St. Lawrence">Teluk St. Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laut_Karibia" title="Laut Karibia">Laut Karibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Meksiko" title="Teluk Meksiko">Teluk Meksiko</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Outer_Banks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outer Banks (halaman belum tersedia)">Outer Banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samudera_Arktik" class="mw-redirect" title="Samudera Arktik">Samudera Arktik</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Hasil</th><td> Kemenangan Sekutu</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Pihak terlibat</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> <small>(1941–45)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis"><img alt="Prancis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Ketiga_Prancis" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Ketiga Prancis">Prancis</a> <small>(1939–40)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Kemerdekaan_Prancis" title="Pasukan Kemerdekaan Prancis"><img alt="Pasukan Kemerdekaan Prancis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Kemerdekaan_Prancis" title="Pasukan Kemerdekaan Prancis">Pasukan Kemerdekaan Prancis</a> <small>(1940–45)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia"><img alt="Polandia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Polandia_Kedua" title="Republik Polandia Kedua">Polandia</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil"><img alt="Brasil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Era_Vargas" title="Era Vargas">Brazil</a> <small>(1942–45)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a><br /> </p> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Jerman"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jerman_Nazi" title="Jerman Nazi">Jerman</a></span><br /> </p> <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Italia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Italia_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)">Italia</a></span> <small>(1940–43)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Tokoh dan pemimpin</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya"><img alt="Britania Raya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Dunbar-Nasmith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Dunbar-Nasmith (halaman belum tersedia)">Martin E. Nasmith</a> <small>(1939–41)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya"><img alt="Britania Raya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Noble_(petugas_Royal_Navy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percy Noble (petugas Royal Navy) (halaman belum tersedia)">Sir Percy Noble</a> <small>(1941–42)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya"><img alt="Britania Raya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Kennedy_Horton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Kennedy Horton (halaman belum tersedia)">Sir Max K. Horton</a> <small>(1943–45)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya"><img alt="Britania Raya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Bowhill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Bowhill (halaman belum tersedia)">Frederick Bowhill</a> <small>(1939–41)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya"><img alt="Britania Raya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Joubert_de_la_Fert%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Joubert de la Ferté (halaman belum tersedia)">Philip de la Ferté</a> <small>(1941–43)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya"><img alt="Britania Raya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Slessor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Slessor (halaman belum tersedia)">Sir John Slessor</a> <small>(1943–45)<br /></small> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya"><img alt="Britania Raya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dudley_Pound&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dudley Pound (halaman belum tersedia)">Dudley Pound</a> <small>(1939–43)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada"><img alt="Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_W._Murray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard W. Murray (halaman belum tersedia)">Leonard W. Murray</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat"><img alt="Amerika Serikat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_King&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest King (halaman belum tersedia)">Ernest J. King</a><br /> </p> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat"><img alt="Amerika Serikat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_E._Ingersoll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal E. Ingersoll (halaman belum tersedia)">Royal E. Ingersoll</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jerman_Nazi" title="Jerman Nazi"><img alt="Jerman Nazi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Raeder" title="Erich Raeder">Erich Raeder</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jerman_Nazi" title="Jerman Nazi"><img alt="Jerman Nazi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jerman_Nazi" title="Jerman Nazi"><img alt="Jerman Nazi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Harlinghausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Harlinghausen (halaman belum tersedia)">Martin Harlinghausen</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Italia_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)"><img alt="Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Parona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angelo Parona (halaman belum tersedia)">Angelo Parona</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Italia_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)"><img alt="Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romolo_Polacchini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romolo Polacchini (halaman belum tersedia)">Romolo Polacchini</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Korban</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 36.200 kelasi tewas<sup id="cite_ref-White_2008_2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_2008_2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bennett_2007_301_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett_2007_301-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />36.000 kelasi kapal dagang tewas<sup id="cite_ref-White_2008_2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_2008_2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bennett_2007_301_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett_2007_301-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />3.500 kapal dagang<br />175 kapal perang<br />741 pesawat Komando Pantai RAF hilang dalam <i>Anti-Submarine Sorties</i><sup id="cite_ref-Bowyer_1977,_p._158_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowyer_1977,_p._158-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> ~30,000 kelasi tewas<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />783 kapal selam</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_kampanye_Front_Barat_(Perang_Dunia_II)" title="Templat:Kotak kampanye Front Barat (Perang Dunia II)"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_kampanye_Front_Barat_(Perang_Dunia_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak kampanye Front Barat (Perang Dunia II) (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_kampanye_Front_Barat_(Perang_Dunia_II)&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Front_Barat" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Front_Barat_(Perang_Dunia_II)" title="Front Barat (Perang Dunia II)"><span style="white-space: normal;">Front Barat</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Pendahuluan</dt></dl> <dl><dt>1939</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Phoney" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Phoney">Perang Phoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serangan_Saar" title="Serangan Saar">Saar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Teluk_Heligoland(1939)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Teluk Heligoland(1939) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Teluk Heligoland</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1940</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasi_Luksemburg_oleh_Jerman" title="Invasi Luksemburg oleh Jerman">Luksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Belanda" title="Pertempuran Belanda">Belanda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Den_Haag" title="Pertempuran Den Haag">Den Haag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Rotterdam" title="Pertempuran Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Zeeland" title="Pertempuran Zeeland">Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_Blitz" title="Rotterdam Blitz">Pengeboman Rotterdam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Belgia" title="Pertempuran Belgia">Belgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Benteng_Eben-Emael" title="Pertempuran Benteng Eben-Emael">Benteng Eben-Emael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Hannut" title="Pertempuran Hannut">Hannut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Gembloux_(1940)" title="Pertempuran Gembloux (1940)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Lys_(1940)" title="Pertempuran Lys (1940)">La Lys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Prancis" title="Pertempuran Prancis">Prancis</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Sedan_(1940)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Sedan (1940) (halaman belum tersedia)">Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Montcornet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Montcornet (halaman belum tersedia)">Montcornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Arras_(1940)" title="Pertempuran Arras (1940)">Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengepungan_Lille_(1940)" title="Pengepungan Lille (1940)">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Boulogne_(1940)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Boulogne (1940) (halaman belum tersedia)">Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengepungan_Calais_(1940)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengepungan Calais (1940) (halaman belum tersedia)">Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Abbeville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Abbeville (halaman belum tersedia)">Abbeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Paula" title="Operasi Paula"><i>Paula</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Dunkerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertempuran Dunkerque">Dunkerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evakuasi_Dunkerque" title="Evakuasi Dunkerque">Evakuasi Dunkerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasi_Italia_ke_Prancis" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasi Italia ke Prancis">Invasi Italia ke Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Saumur_(1940)" title="Pertempuran Saumur (1940)">Saumur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertempuran Britania">Britania</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adlertag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adlertag (halaman belum tersedia)">Adlertag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hari_Tersulit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hari Tersulit (halaman belum tersedia)">Hari Tersulit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Pertempuran_Britania" title="Hari Pertempuran Britania">Hari Pertempuran Britania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Singa_Laut" title="Operasi Singa Laut"><i>Singa Laut</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1942–1943</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operasi_Cerberus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operasi Cerberus (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>Cerberus</i></a> dan <a href="/wiki/Operasi_Donnerkeil" title="Operasi Donnerkeil"><i>Donnerkeil</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serangan_St_Nazaire" title="Serangan St Nazaire">Serangan St Nazaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serangan_Dieppe" title="Serangan Dieppe">Serangan Dieppe</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1944–1945</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Overlord" title="Operasi Overlord"><i>Overlord</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Dragoon" title="Operasi Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergerakan_Sekutu_dari_Paris_ke_Rhine" title="Pergerakan Sekutu dari Paris ke Rhine">Garis Siegfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Market_Garden" title="Operasi Market Garden"><i>Market Garden</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Arnhem" title="Pertempuran Arnhem">Arnhem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Hutan_H%C3%BCrtgen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Hutan Hürtgen (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan Hürtgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Aachen" title="Pertempuran Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Queen" title="Operasi Queen"><i>Queen</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Scheldt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Scheldt (halaman belum tersedia)">Scheldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Bulge" title="Pertempuran Bulge">Bulge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Nordwind" title="Operasi Nordwind"><i>Nordwind</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Bodenplatte" title="Operasi Bodenplatte"><i>Bodenplatte</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantung_Colmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantung Colmar (halaman belum tersedia)">Kantung Colmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantung-kantung_Atlantik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantung-kantung Atlantik (halaman belum tersedia)">Kantung-kantung Atlantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasi_Sekutu_Barat_ke_Jerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasi Sekutu Barat ke Jerman">Invasi Sekutu ke Jerman</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Kampanye-kampanye yang berstrategi</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mempertahankan_Reich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mempertahankan Reich (halaman belum tersedia)">Mempertahankan Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Serangan_Komando_ke_Tembok_Atlantik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar Serangan Komando ke Tembok Atlantik (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan-Serangan ke Tembok Atlantik</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pertempuran Atlantik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Pertempuran <a href="/wiki/Samudra_Atlantik" title="Samudra Atlantik">Atlantik</a> adalah kampanye militer berkesinambungan yang paling lama<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dalam sejarah <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, dimulai pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> sampai kekalahan <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>. Pada intinya adalah pihak <a href="/wiki/Sekutu" class="mw-disambig" title="Sekutu">Sekutu</a> melakukan blokade laut terhadap Jerman, diumumkan sehari setelah pernyataan perang, dan pihak Jerman kemudian melakukan blokade balasan. Puncaknya terjadi pada pertengahan tahun <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> sampai akhir tahun <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>. Pertempuran <a href="/wiki/Samudera_Atlantik" class="mw-redirect" title="Samudera Atlantik">Atlantik</a> mengadu kekuatan antara <a href="/wiki/U-Boat" class="mw-redirect" title="U-Boat">U-boat</a> dan kapal-kapal perang lainnya dari <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> (Angkatan laut Jerman) serta pesawat udara dari <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> (Angkatan Udara Jerman) melawan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Laut_Kanada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Laut Kanada (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Laut Kanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Laut Britania Raya">Angkatan Laut Britania Raya</a>, dan kapal-kapal dagang <a href="/wiki/Blok_Sekutu_(Perang_Dunia_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok Sekutu (Perang Dunia II)">Sekutu</a>. Konvoi-konvoi, sebagian besar datang dari <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Utara" title="Amerika Utara">Amerika Utara</a> dan menuju Britania Raya dan <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>, dilindungi oleh angkatan laut dan udara <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Laut Britania Raya">Inggris</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Laut_Kerajaan_Kanada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Kanada (halaman belum tersedia)">Kanada</a>. Pasukan ini dibantu oleh kapal-kapal dan pesawat udara dari <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Amerika_Serikat" title="Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> mulai tanggal <a href="/wiki/13_September" title="13 September">13 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pihak Jerman kemudian didampingi oleh <a href="/wiki/Kapal_selam" title="Kapal selam">kapal selam</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Italia" title="Angkatan Laut Italia">Angkatan Laut Italia</a> (<i>Regia Marina</i>), setelah <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> memasuki perang sebagai anggota <a href="/wiki/Blok_Poros" title="Blok Poros">Blok Poros</a> (<i>Axis</i>) pada tanggal <a href="/wiki/10_Juni" title="10 Juni">10 Juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>. </p><p>Sebagai negara kepulauan, Inggris itu sangat tergantung pada pasokan barang-barang impor. Inggris memerlukan lebih dari satu juta ton bahan impor per minggu agar mampu bertahan dan bertempur. Pada intinya, Pertempuran Atlantik adalah sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_tonase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang tonase (halaman belum tersedia)">perang tonase</a>, upaya Sekutu untuk memasok Inggris dan upaya Blok Poros untuk membendung aliran kapal-kapal dagang yang memungkinkan Inggris untuk terus berjuang. Dari tahun <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> dan seterusnya, Jerman juga berusaha untuk mencegah penimbunan persediaan Sekutu dan perlengkapan di Kepulauan Inggris dalam persiapan untuk menginvasi <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> yang diduduki Jerman. Kekalahan ancaman <i>U-boat</i> adalah prasyarat untuk menekan Jerman kembali, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> kemudian menulis, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21477316">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Pertempuran Atlantik adalah faktor dominan selama perang. Tidak pernah untuk satu momen sekalipun kita bisa melupakan bahwa segala sesuatu yang terjadi di tempat lain, di darat, di laut, atau di udara, akhirnya tergantung pada hasilnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Costello_&_Hughes,_p.210_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costello_&_Hughes,_p.210-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Winston Churchill</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Hasil pertempuran ini merupakan sebuah kemenangan strategis bagi Sekutu, sementara blokade Jerman gagal, tetapi dengan pengorbanan besar, sebanyak 3.500 kapal dagang dan 175 kapal perang karam, sementara Jerman kehilangan 783 U-boat. </p><p>Nama "Pertempuran Atlantik" diberikan oleh Winston Churchill pada bulan Februari 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pertempuran ini telah disebut sebagai pertempuran laut yang "terlama, terbesar, dan paling kompleks" dalam sejarah.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kampanye militer ini dimulai segera setelah perang Eropa meletus, dan berlangsung selama enam tahun yang melibatkan ribuan kapal dalam lebih dari 100 pertempuran konvoi dan mungkin 1.000 pertempuran kapal tunggal, di medan perang yang meliputi ribuan mil persegi lautan. Situasi terus berubah, dengan satu pihak atau sebaliknya meraih kemenangan, ketika senjata, taktik, langkah-langkah balasan, dan perlengkapan baru dikembangkan oleh kedua belah pihak. Sekutu secara bertahap meraih kemenangan, mengatasi kapal perang Jerman menjelang akhir tahun 1942 dan mengalahkan U-boat pada pertengahan tahun 1943, meskipun kerugian akibat U-boat terus terjadi sampai akhir perang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nama">Nama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Atlantik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Nama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Atlantik&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Nama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada tanggal <a href="/wiki/5_Maret" title="5 Maret">5 Maret</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>, Panglima Angkatan Laut Inggris (<i>First Lords of the Admiralty</i>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=AV_Alexander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AV Alexander (halaman belum tersedia)">AV Alexander</a> meminta Parlemen untuk "menyetujui pengadaan lebih banyak kapal dan prajurit dalam jumlah besar" untuk berjuang dalam "Pertempuran Atlantik", yang dibandingkannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Prancis" title="Pertempuran Prancis">Pertempuran Prancis</a> pada musim panas sebelumnya.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pertemuan pertama "Komite Pertempuran Atlantik" (<i>Battle of Atlantic Committee</i>) berlangsung pada tanggal <a href="/wiki/19_Maret" title="19 Maret">19 Maret</a> 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Churchill mengklaim telah membuat Istilah "Pertempuran Atlantik" sesaat sebelum pidato Alexander,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> namun ada beberapa contoh penggunaan yang lebih awal.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latar_belakang">Latar belakang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Atlantik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Latar belakang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Atlantik&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Latar belakang"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setelah penerapan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peperangan_kapal_selam_tak_terbatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peperangan kapal selam tak terbatas (halaman belum tersedia)">peperangan kapal selam tak terbatas</a> oleh Jerman dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a>, banyak negara mencoba untuk membatasi, bahkan melenyapkan kapal selam. Upaya tersebut gagal. Sebaliknya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traktat_Angkatan_Laut_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traktat Angkatan Laut London (halaman belum tersedia)">Traktat Angkatan Laut London</a> mewajibkan kapal selam untuk mematuhi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aturan_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aturan Prize (halaman belum tersedia)">"aturan kapal penjelajah"</a>, yang menuntut mereka muncul ke permukaan, memeriksa<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan menempatkan awak kapal dalam "suatu tempat yang aman" (jika sekoci tidak memenuhi syarat, kecuali dalam kondisi tertentu)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sebelum menenggelamkan mereka, kecuali kapal tersebut menunjukkan "penolakan terus-menerus untuk menghentikan ... atau resistensi aktif untuk mengunjungi atau memeriksa".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regulasi ini tidak melarang mempersenjatai kapal dagang,<sup id="cite_ref-Holwitt,_p.6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holwitt,_p.6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> namun dengan tindakan tersebut, atau memperoleh laporan kontak dengan kapal selam (atau kapal perang), menjadikan mereka secara <i>de facto</i> pembantu angkatan laut dan menghilangkan peraturan perlindungan kapal.<sup id="cite_ref-DonitzKarl_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DonitzKarl-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hal ini membuat pembatasan kapal selam efektif diperdebatkan.<sup id="cite_ref-Holwitt,_p.6_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holwitt,_p.6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Atlantik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Atlantik&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-White_2008_2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White_2008_2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_2008_2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">White, David (2008). <i>Bitter Ocean: The Battle of the Atlantic, 1939–1945</i>. New York, United States: Simon & Schuster. hlm. 2. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7432-2930-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7432-2930-2">978-0-7432-2930-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bitter+Ocean%3A+The+Battle+of+the+Atlantic%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York%2C+United+States&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-2930-2&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APertempuran+Atlantik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennett_2007_301-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bennett_2007_301_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bennett_2007_301_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_J._Bennett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William J. Bennett (halaman belum tersedia)">Bennett, William J</a> (2007). <i>America: The Last Best Hope, Volume 2: From a World at War to the Triumph of Freedom 1914–1989</i>. United States: Nelson Current. hlm. 301. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-59555-057-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-59555-057-6">978-1-59555-057-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%3A+The+Last+Best+Hope%2C+Volume+2%3A+From+a+World+at+War+to+the+Triumph+of+Freedom+1914%E2%80%931989&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Nelson+Current&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59555-057-6&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=William+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APertempuran+Atlantik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowyer_1977,_p._158-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowyer_1977,_p._158_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowyer 1977, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_J._Bennett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William J. Bennett (halaman belum tersedia)">Bennett, William J</a> (2007). <i>America: The Last Best Hope, Volume 2: From a World at War to the Triumph of Freedom 1914–1989</i>. United States: Nelson Current. hlm. 302. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-59555-057-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-59555-057-6">978-1-59555-057-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%3A+The+Last+Best+Hope%2C+Volume+2%3A+From+a+World+at+War+to+the+Triumph+of+Freedom+1914%E2%80%931989&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Nelson+Current&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59555-057-6&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=William+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APertempuran+Atlantik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blair 1996, p xiii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodman 2004, p 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-proceedings-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-proceedings_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Carney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Carney (halaman belum tersedia)">Carney, Robert B.</a>, Admiral, USN. "Comment and Discussion" <i>United States Naval Institute Proceedings</i> January 1976, p.74. Admiral Carney was assistant chief of staff and operations officer to Admiral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_L._Bristol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur L. Bristol (halaman belum tersedia)">Arthur L. Bristol</a>, commander of the support force of United States ships and planes providing North Atlantic trade convoy escort services. This support force was designated Task Force 24 after the declaration of war.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Costello_&_Hughes,_p.210-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Costello_&_Hughes,_p.210_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Costello & Hughes, p.210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keegan, John, "Churchill Strategy", <i>Churchill</i>. Edited by William Roger Louis. Oxford University Press, 1996. p. 341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Syrett, <i>The defeat of the German U-boats: The Battle of the Atlantic</i> (1994).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Admiralty pleads for ships, men to wage 'Battle of the Atlantic'", <i>The Montreal Gazette</i>, Mar 6, 1941. (AP)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, Gilbert, p. 367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, Martin (ed.), <i>The Churchill War Papers: The Ever Widening War, Volume 3: 1941</i>, p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernest Lindley, "The Grand Alliance", <i>St. Joseph News-Press</i>, Sept 30, 1940. "Until the outcome of the battle of the Atlantic can be more clearly foreseen, there would be high risks both to Japan and ourselves in becoming engaged in war."<br />Sargint, H.J.J., "Mighty Nazi effort to invade England now in the making: Observers see amphibious attack as Hitler's anticipated thrust against British Isles", <i>Miami News</i>, Jan. 18, 1941. "This country is fighting a battle which may well be called the battle of the Atlantic, though it is not more than an extension of the battle of Britain."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holwitt, Joel I. <i>"Execute Against Japan"</i>, Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, 2005, pp. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holwitt, p.92: quoting Article 22 of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Naval_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London Naval Treaty (halaman belum tersedia)">London Naval Treaty</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holwitt, p.93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holwitt,_p.6-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holwitt,_p.6_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holwitt,_p.6_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holwitt, p.6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DonitzKarl-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DonitzKarl_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dönitz, Karl. <i>Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days</i>; von der Poorten, Edward P. <i>The German Navy in World War II</i> (T. Y. Crowell, 1969); Milner, Marc. <i>North Atlantic run: the Royal Canadian Navy and the battle for the convoys</i> (Vanwell Publishing, 2006)</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Atlantik&oldid=22965888">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Atlantik&oldid=22965888</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Perang_Dunia_II" title="Kategori:Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 17 Februari 2023, pukul 15.33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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