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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cailleach" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach_B%C3%A9irre" title="Cailleach Béirre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cailleach Béirre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cailleach" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cailleach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cailleach" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cailleach" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cailleach" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cailleach" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%8F%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9" title="カリアッハベーラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリアッハベーラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cailleach" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Калех – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калех" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cailleach" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D" title="கெயிலீச் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கெயிலீச்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cailleach" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1025867#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Gaelic female hag deity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Cailleach</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="font-size: 110%;">landscape, storms and winter</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wonder_tales_from_Scottish_myth_and_legend_(1917)_(14566397697).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Print of old woman holding a hammer with a background of mountains" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wonder_tales_from_Scottish_myth_and_legend_%281917%29_%2814566397697%29.jpg/220px-Wonder_tales_from_Scottish_myth_and_legend_%281917%29_%2814566397697%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wonder_tales_from_Scottish_myth_and_legend_%281917%29_%2814566397697%29.jpg/330px-Wonder_tales_from_Scottish_myth_and_legend_%281917%29_%2814566397697%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wonder_tales_from_Scottish_myth_and_legend_%281917%29_%2814566397697%29.jpg/440px-Wonder_tales_from_Scottish_myth_and_legend_%281917%29_%2814566397697%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="2192" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Illustration by John Duncan in Wonder Tales from Scottish Myth and Legend (1917)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Cailleach Bhéara (Irish)</li> <li>Cailleach Bheurra (Scottish Gaelic)</li> <li>Caillagh (Manx)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hag_of_Beara" title="The Hag of Beara">The Hag of Beara</a></li> <li>Beira, Queen of Winter</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abodes</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labbacallee_wedge_tomb" title="Labbacallee wedge tomb">Labbacallee wedge tomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Texts</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i>The Lament of the Old Woman</i></li> <li><i>The Hunt of Slieve Cuilinn</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glas_Gaibhnenn" title="Glas Gaibhnenn">Glas Gaibhnenn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hag_of_Beara" title="The Hag of Beara">The Hag of Beara</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consorts</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mug_Ruith" title="Mug Ruith">Mug Ruith</a></li> <li>Bodach</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> In <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man#Myth,_legend_and_folklore" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Manx</a>) myth, the <b>Cailleach</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Irish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˈkal̠ʲəx,<span class="wrap"> </span>kəˈl̠ʲax]</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Scottish Gaelic:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gd-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">[ˈkʰaʎəx]</a></span>) is a divine <a href="/wiki/Hag" title="Hag">hag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor">ancestor</a>, associated with the <a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">creation</a> of the landscape and with the <a href="/wiki/Weather_god" title="Weather god">weather</a>, especially storms and winter. The word literally means 'old woman, hag', and is found with this meaning in modern <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dicdef_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dicdef-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been applied to numerous mythological and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folkloric</a> figures in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern Irish folklore studies, she is sometimes known as <b><a href="/wiki/The_Hag_of_Beara" title="The Hag of Beara">The Hag of Beara</a></b>, while in Scotland she is known as <b>Beira, Queen of Winter</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lightmatter_cliffs_of_moher_in_County_Clare_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lightmatter_cliffs_of_moher_in_County_Clare_Ireland.jpg/220px-Lightmatter_cliffs_of_moher_in_County_Clare_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lightmatter_cliffs_of_moher_in_County_Clare_Ireland.jpg/330px-Lightmatter_cliffs_of_moher_in_County_Clare_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lightmatter_cliffs_of_moher_in_County_Clare_Ireland.jpg/440px-Lightmatter_cliffs_of_moher_in_County_Clare_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><i>Ceann na Caillí</i> ('The Hag's Head'), the southernmost tip of the <a href="/wiki/Cliffs_of_Moher" title="Cliffs of Moher">Cliffs of Moher</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a>. One of many locations named for the Cailleach.<sup id="cite_ref-Monaghan_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monaghan-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Cailleach</i></span> ('old woman' or 'hag' in modern <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-dicdef_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dicdef-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IrCailleach_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrCailleach-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a> <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">Caillech</i></span> ('veiled one'), an adjectival form of <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">caille</i></span> ('veil'), an early loan from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">pallium</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'woollen cloak'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Macbain_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macbain-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cailleach is often referred to as the <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Cailleach Bhéara</i></span> in Irish and <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Cailleach Bheurra</i></span> in Scottish Gaelic. Gearóid Ó Crualaoich believes this comes from a word meaning 'sharp, shrill, inimical' – <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">bior</i></span> or <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">beur</i></span> – and refers to the Cailleach's association with winter and wilderness, as well as her association with horned beasts or cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-Ó_Crualaoich_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ó_Crualaoich-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 8th- to 9th-century Irish poem <i>The Lament of the Old Woman</i> says that the Cailleach's name is Digdi or Digde. In <i>The Hunt of <a href="/wiki/Slieve_Gullion" title="Slieve Gullion">Slieve Cuilinn</a></i> she is called Milucra, sister of <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ine" title="Áine">Áine</a>. In the tale of the <a href="/wiki/Glas_Gaibhnenn" title="Glas Gaibhnenn">Glas Gaibhnenn</a>, she is called Biróg. Elsewhere, she is called Bui or Bua[ch].<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx Gaelic</a> she is known as the <span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Caillagh</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plural of <i>cailleach</i> is <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">cailleacha</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[kɪˈl̠ʲaxə,<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkal̠ʲəxə]</a></span>) in Irish, <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">cailleachan</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gd-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">[ˈkʰaʎəxən]</a></span>) in Scottish Gaelic, and <span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">caillaghyn</i></span> in Manx. The word is found as a component in terms like the Gaelic <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">cailleach-dhubh</i></span> ('nun') and <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">cailleach-oidhche</i></span> ('<a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">owl</a>'),<sup id="cite_ref-dicdef_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dicdef-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the Irish <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">cailleach feasa</i></span> ('wise woman, fortune-teller') and <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">cailleach phiseogach</i></span> ('sorceress, charm-worker'). Related words include the Gaelic <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">caileag</i></span> and the Irish <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">cailín</i></span> ('young woman, girl, colleen'), the diminutive of <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">caile</i></span> 'woman',<sup id="cite_ref-dicdef_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dicdef-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Lowland Scots</a> <span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">carline/<a href="/wiki/Carlin_stone" title="Carlin stone">carlin</a></i></span> ('old woman, witch').<sup id="cite_ref-RossD_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RossD-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more obscure word that is sometimes interpreted as 'hag' is the Irish <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">síle</i></span>, which has led some to speculate on a connection between the Cailleach and the stone carvings of <a href="/wiki/Sheela_na_Gig" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheela na Gig">Sheela na Gigs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RossA_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RossA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legends">Legends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Cruachan_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ben_Cruachan_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg/220px-Ben_Cruachan_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ben_Cruachan_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg/330px-Ben_Cruachan_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ben_Cruachan_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg/440px-Ben_Cruachan_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ben_Cruachan" title="Ben Cruachan">Ben Cruachan</a>, highest point in <a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Bute" title="Argyll and Bute">Argyll and Bute</a>, home of the <i>Cailleach nan Cruachan</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, where she is also known as Beira, Queen of Winter (a name given by 20th-century folklorist <a href="/wiki/Donald_Alexander_Mackenzie" title="Donald Alexander Mackenzie">Donald Alexander Mackenzie</a>), she is credited with making numerous mountains and large hills, which are said to have been formed when she was striding across the land and accidentally dropped rocks from her creel or wicker basket. In other cases she is said to have built the mountains intentionally, to serve as her stepping stones. She carries a hammer for shaping the hills and valleys, and is said to be the mother of all the goddesses and gods. According to Mackenzie, Beira was a one-eyed <a href="/wiki/Giantess" title="Giantess">giantess</a> with white hair, dark blue skin, and rust-colored teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cailleach displays several traits befitting the personification of winter: she herds <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, she fights spring, and her staff freezes the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In partnership with the goddess <a href="/wiki/Brigid" title="Brigid">Brìghde</a>, the Cailleach is seen as a seasonal deity or spirit, ruling the winter months between <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhainn</a> (5 November or first day of Samhain) and <a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Bealltainn</a> (1 May or first day of summer), while Brìghde rules the summer months between Bealltainn and Samhainn.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeill_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeill-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some interpretations have the Cailleach and Brìghde as two faces of the same goddess,<sup id="cite_ref-McNeill_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeill-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others describe the Cailleach as turning to <a href="/wiki/Carlin_stone" title="Carlin stone">stone</a> on Bealltainn and reverting to humanoid form on Samhainn in time to rule over the winter months. Depending on local climate, the transfer of power between the winter goddess and the summer goddess is celebrated any time between <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Là Fhèill Brìghde</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a>, 1 February) at the earliest, Latha na Cailliche (25 March), or Bealltainn (1 May) at the latest, and the local festivals marking the arrival of the first signs of spring may be named after either the Cailleach or Brìghde.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeill_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeill-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Là Fhèill Brìghde</a> is also the day the Cailleach gathers her firewood for the rest of the winter. Legend has it that if she intends to make the winter last a good while longer, she will make sure the weather on 1 February is bright and sunny, so she can gather plenty of firewood to keep herself warm in the coming months.<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, people are generally relieved if Là Fhèill Brìghde is a day of foul weather, as it means the Cailleach is asleep, will soon run out of firewood, and therefore winter is almost over.<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the Isle of Man, where She is known as <i>Caillagh ny Groamagh</i>, the Cailleach is said to have been seen on <a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">St. Bride's day</a> in the form of a gigantic bird, carrying sticks in her beak.<sup id="cite_ref-Briggs1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Mackenzie, <a href="/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice">the longest night</a> of the year marked the end of her reign as Queen of Winter, at which time she visited the <a href="/wiki/Well_of_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Well of Youth">Well of Youth</a> and, after drinking its magic water, grew younger day by day.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Scotland, the Cailleachan (lit. 'old women') are also known as the Storm Hags, and seen as personifications of the elemental powers of nature, especially in a destructive aspect. They are said to be particularly active in raising the windstorms of spring, during the period known as <i>A' Chailleach</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeill_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeill-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McNeill2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeill2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Corryvreckan_Whirlpool_-_geograph-2404815-by-Walter-Baxter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Corryvreckan_Whirlpool_-_geograph-2404815-by-Walter-Baxter.jpg/220px-The_Corryvreckan_Whirlpool_-_geograph-2404815-by-Walter-Baxter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Corryvreckan_Whirlpool_-_geograph-2404815-by-Walter-Baxter.jpg/330px-The_Corryvreckan_Whirlpool_-_geograph-2404815-by-Walter-Baxter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Corryvreckan_Whirlpool_-_geograph-2404815-by-Walter-Baxter.jpg/440px-The_Corryvreckan_Whirlpool_-_geograph-2404815-by-Walter-Baxter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The Corryvreckan whirlpool (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i>Coire Bhreacain</i> - 'whirlpool/cauldron of the plaid') washtub of the Cailleach</figcaption></figure> <p>On the west coast of Scotland, the Cailleach ushers in winter by washing her <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_kilt#The_great_kilt" title="History of the kilt">great plaid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Gaelic</a>: <i>féileadh mòr</i>) in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Corryvreckan" title="Gulf of Corryvreckan">Gulf of Corryvreckan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Gaelic</a>: <i>Coire Bhreacain</i> - 'whirlpool/cauldron of the plaid'). This process is said to take three days, during which the roar of the coming tempest is heard as far away as twenty miles (32 km) inland. When she is finished, her plaid is pure white and snow covers the land.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeill_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeill-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Scotland and Ireland, the first farmer to finish the grain harvest made a <a href="/wiki/Corn_dolly" title="Corn dolly">corn dolly</a>, representing the Cailleach (also called "the Carlin or Carline"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), from the last sheaf of the crop. The figure would then be tossed into the field of a neighbor who had not yet finished bringing in their grain. The last farmer to finish had the responsibility to take in and care for the corn dolly for the next year, with the implication they'd have to feed and house the hag all winter. Competition was fierce to avoid having to take in the Old Woman.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeill3_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeill3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars believe the Old Irish poem "<a href="/wiki/The_Hag_of_Beara" title="The Hag of Beara">The Lament of the Old Woman of Beara</a>" is about the Cailleach; <a href="/wiki/Kuno_Meyer" title="Kuno Meyer">Kuno Meyer</a> states, "she had fifty foster-children in Beare. She had seven periods of youth one after another, so that every man who had lived with her came to die of old age, and her grandsons and great-grandsons were tribes and races."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ó_Crualaoich2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ó_Crualaoich2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Ireland, the Cailleach is associated with craggy, prominent mountains and outcroppings, such as Hag's Head (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Ceann Caillí</i>, meaning 'hag's head') the southernmost tip of the <a href="/wiki/Cliffs_of_Moher" title="Cliffs of Moher">Cliffs of Moher</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Monaghan_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monaghan-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Labbacallee_wedge_tomb" title="Labbacallee wedge tomb">Labbacallee wedge tomb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Leaba Chaillí</i>, meaning 'the hag's bed') is located near <a href="/wiki/Glanworth" title="Glanworth">Glanworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a> and is, according to folklore, the Cailleach's grave and former dwelling where she lived with her husband, <a href="/wiki/Mug_Ruith" title="Mug Ruith">Mogh Ruith</a>, who she threw a boulder at, pinning him to the floor of the <a href="/wiki/River_Funshion" title="River Funshion">River Funshion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skellig_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Skellig_1.JPG/220px-Skellig_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Skellig_1.JPG/330px-Skellig_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Skellig_1.JPG/440px-Skellig_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The 'Wailing Woman' rock on <a href="/wiki/Skellig_Michael" title="Skellig Michael">Skellig Michael</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">County Kerry</a>, is associated with <a href="/wiki/The_Hag_of_Beara" title="The Hag of Beara">The Hag of Beara</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There is a rock on the <a href="/wiki/Beara_Peninsula" title="Beara Peninsula">Beara Peninsula</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Cork" title="West Cork">West Cork</a> at <a href="/wiki/List_of_townlands_of_the_barony_of_Bear" title="List of townlands of the barony of Bear">Kilcatherine</a> said to resemble the Cailleach. In mythology she is said to have leapt across the bay from <a href="/wiki/List_of_townlands_of_the_barony_of_Bear" title="List of townlands of the barony of Bear">Coulagh</a> to its present location. </p><p>The megalithic tombs at <a href="/wiki/Loughcrew" title="Loughcrew">Loughcrew</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Meath" title="County Meath">County Meath</a> are situated atop <a href="/wiki/Slieve_na_Calliagh" title="Slieve na Calliagh">Slieve na Calliagh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Sliabh na Caillí</i>, meaning 'the hag's mountain') and include a kerbstone known as "the hag's chair".<sup id="cite_ref-hagschair_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagschair-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cairn T on Slieve na Calliagh is a classic <a href="/wiki/Passage_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Passage tomb">passage tomb</a>, in which the rays of the <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinox</a> sunrise shine down the passageway and illuminate an inner chamber filled with megalithic stone carvings.<sup id="cite_ref-knowth2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knowth2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The summit of <a href="/wiki/Slieve_Gullion" title="Slieve Gullion">Slieve Gullion</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Armagh" title="County Armagh">County Armagh</a> features a passage tomb known locally as the 'Calliagh Beara's House'. There is also a lake, where the Calliagh is said to have played a trick on the mythical warrior, <a href="/wiki/Fionn_mac_Cumhaill" title="Fionn mac Cumhaill">Fionn mac Cumhaill</a>, when he took on the physical appearance of an old man after diving into the lake to retrieve a ring that the Calliagh fooled him into thinking was lost.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aillenacally&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aillenacally (page does not exist)">Aillenacally</a> (<i>Aill na Caillí</i>, "Hag Cliff") is a <a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">cliff</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">County Galway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Carrowmore" title="Carrowmore">Carrowmore</a> passage tombs on the <a href="/wiki/Coolera_Peninsula" title="Coolera Peninsula">Cúil Iorra Peninsula</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Sligo" title="County Sligo">County Sligo</a>, are associated with the Cailleach. One is called the Cailleach a Bhéara's House.<sup id="cite_ref-cailleachhouse_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cailleachhouse-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">William Butler Yeats</a> refers to the Sligo Cailleach as the 'Clooth na Bare'.<sup id="cite_ref-clooth_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clooth-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In County Sligo she is also called the <a href="/wiki/River_Garavogue" title="River Garavogue">Garavogue</a> Cailleach. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 669px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairns_S(%3F)_and_T,_Loughcrew.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Remains of passage tombs on Slieve na Calliagh, County Meath"><img alt="Remains of passage tombs on Slieve na Calliagh, County Meath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cairns_S%28%3F%29_and_T%2C_Loughcrew.jpg/180px-Cairns_S%28%3F%29_and_T%2C_Loughcrew.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cairns_S%28%3F%29_and_T%2C_Loughcrew.jpg/270px-Cairns_S%28%3F%29_and_T%2C_Loughcrew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cairns_S%28%3F%29_and_T%2C_Loughcrew.jpg/360px-Cairns_S%28%3F%29_and_T%2C_Loughcrew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4911" data-file-height="3255" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Remains of passage tombs on <a href="/wiki/Slieve_na_Calliagh" title="Slieve na Calliagh">Slieve na Calliagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Meath" title="County Meath">County Meath</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:11._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb,_Co._Cork.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Labbacallee wedge tomb or "The Hag's Bed", near Glanworth, County Cork"><img alt="Labbacallee wedge tomb or "The Hag's Bed", near Glanworth, County Cork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/11._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg/180px-11._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/11._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg/270px-11._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/11._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg/360px-11._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Labbacallee_wedge_tomb" title="Labbacallee wedge tomb">Labbacallee wedge tomb</a> or "The Hag's Bed", near <a href="/wiki/Glanworth" title="Glanworth">Glanworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cailleach is prominent in the landscape of <a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Bute" title="Argyll and Bute">Argyll and Bute</a>, Scotland. In later tales she is known as the <i>Cailleach nan Cruachan</i> ("the witch of <a href="/wiki/Ben_Cruachan" title="Ben Cruachan">Ben Cruachan</a>"). Ben Cruachan is the tallest mountain in the region. Tea-towels and postcards of her are sold in the visitor shop for the <a href="/wiki/Ben_Cruachan" title="Ben Cruachan">Hollow Mountain</a>, which also features a mural depicting her accidental creation of <a href="/wiki/Loch_Awe" title="Loch Awe">Loch Awe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LegendCruachan_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LegendCruachan-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legend has it that the Cailleach was tired from a long day herding deer. Atop Ben Cruachan she fell asleep on her watch and a well she was tending overflowed, running down from the highlands and flooding the valleys below, forming first a <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">river</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Loch" title="Loch">loch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LegendCruachan_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LegendCruachan-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MysteriousBritain_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MysteriousBritain-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overflowing well is a common motif in local <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> creation tales - as seen in the goddess <a href="/wiki/Boann" title="Boann">Boann</a>'s similar creation of the <a href="/wiki/River_Boyne" title="River Boyne">River Boyne</a> in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-McKillopBoann_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKillopBoann-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other connections to the region include her above-mentioned strong ties with the fierce whirlpool in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Corryvreckan" title="Gulf of Corryvreckan">Gulf of Corryvreckan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeill_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeill-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She is also associated with other Scottish mountains. <a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis" title="Ben Nevis">Ben Nevis</a> was said to be her "mountain throne".<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two mountains on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Skye" title="Isle of Skye">Isle of Skye</a> named Beinn na Caillich (<a href="/wiki/Beinn_na_Caillich_(Red_Hills)" title="Beinn na Caillich (Red Hills)">western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beinn_na_Caillich_(Kyle_Rhea)" title="Beinn na Caillich (Kyle Rhea)">eastern</a>) after her, from which fierce storms of sleet and rain descend, wreaking havoc and destruction upon the lands below.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeill_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeill-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tighnacailleach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tighnacailleach.jpg/220px-Tighnacailleach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tighnacailleach.jpg/330px-Tighnacailleach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tighnacailleach.jpg/440px-Tighnacailleach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Tigh nan Cailleach, near <a href="/wiki/Glen_Lyon" title="Glen Lyon">Glen Lyon</a> in Perthshire, Scotland</figcaption></figure><p>There is a Gleann Cailliche in <a href="/wiki/Glen_Lyon" title="Glen Lyon">Glen Lyon</a> in Perthshire with a stream named Allt Cailliche which runs into <a href="/wiki/Loch_Lyon" title="Loch Lyon">Loch Lyon</a>. This area is famous for a pagan ritual which according to legend is associated to the Cailleach. There is a small <a href="/wiki/Shieling" title="Shieling">shieling</a> in the Glen, known as either Tigh nan Cailleach (Scottish Gaelic for <i>house of the old women</i><sup id="cite_ref-MacLennan_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacLennan-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) or Tigh nam Bodach, (Scottish Gaelic for <i>house of the old men</i><sup id="cite_ref-MacLennan_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacLennan-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), which houses a number of heavy water-worn stones, resembling miniature human beings.<sup id="cite_ref-McK_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McK-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roughly rectangular, the building originally measured 2m by 1.3m by 0.4m high with a stone roof.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A replacement roof of a wooden pallet having collapsed and the whole building having become somewhat ruinous it was rebuilt by a local dyker in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to local legend the stones represent the Cailleach, her husband the Bodach, and their children<sup id="cite_ref-RossAnne_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RossAnne-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StonesInSun_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StonesInSun-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the site may represent the only surviving shrine of its kind in Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-McK_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McK-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local legend suggests that the Cailleach and her family were given shelter in the glen by the locals and while they stayed there the glen was always fertile and prosperous. When they left they gave the stones to the locals with the promise that as long as the stones were put out to look over the glen at <a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Bealltainn</a> and put back into the shelter and made secure for the winter at <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> then the glen would continue to be fertile.<sup id="cite_ref-RossAnne_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RossAnne-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ritual is still carried out to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-StonesInSun_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StonesInSun-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic literature</a>, the Cailleach was famously used to personify the internal <a href="/wiki/Literary_critic" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary critic">literary critic</a> of 18th-century poet <a href="/wiki/William_Ross_(poet)" title="William Ross (poet)">William Ross</a>. Despite being widely viewed as a, "love-lorn romantic who died of <a href="/wiki/Unrequited_love" title="Unrequited love">unrequited love</a>", due to the poet's many versifications of his loss and heartbreak over the 1782 marriage of his beloved Mòr Ros, Ross was also capable of poking fun at himself, as in the self-<a href="/wiki/Flyting" title="Flyting">flyting</a> poem <i>Oran eadar am Bàrd agus Cailleach-mhilleadh-nan-dàn</i> ("Exchange of Verses between the Poet and the Hag-who-spoils-poems").<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>According to American <a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnomusicologist">ethnomusicologist</a> Amy Murray, the <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a> sometimes referred to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> as <i>"A' chailleach a-stùiradh"</i> ("The Hag that's steering").<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Morna Young's dramatisation of <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Anderson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Queen" title="The Snow Queen">The Snow Queen</a></i>, produced by the <a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre,_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh">Lyceum Theatre Company</a>, Edinburgh, in November/December 2023, conflates the characters of Beira, Queen of Winter, and the Snow Queen.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Yaga" title="Baba Yaga">Baba Yaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banshee" title="Banshee">Banshee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodach" title="Bodach">Bodach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlin_stone" title="Carlin stone">Carlin stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrauntoohil" title="Carrauntoohil">Carrauntoohil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_animism" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic animism">Celtic animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyhyraeth" title="Cyhyraeth">Cyhyraeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labbacallee_wedge_tomb" title="Labbacallee wedge tomb">Labbacallee wedge tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheela_na_Gig" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheela na Gig">Sheela na Gig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slieve_Gullion" title="Slieve Gullion">Slieve Gullion</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dicdef-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dicdef_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dicdef_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dicdef_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dicdef_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobertsonMcDonald2004" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Boyd; McDonald, Ian (2004). <i>Gaelic Dictionary</i>. "Teach Yourself" series. Hodder Education. pp. 24–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-142667-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-142667-1"><bdi>0-07-142667-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaelic+Dictionary&rft.series=%22Teach+Yourself%22+series&rft.pages=24-25&rft.pub=Hodder+Education&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-07-142667-1&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Boyd&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Briggs1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briggs1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Briggs, Katharine M. (1976) <i>An Encyclopedia of Fairies</i>. New York, Pantheon Books. pp. 57-60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monaghan-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monaghan_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monaghan_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monaghan, Patricia (2004) <i>The Red-Haired Girl from the Bog: The Landscape of Celtic Myth and Spirit</i>. New World Library. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57731-458-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-57731-458-1">1-57731-458-1</a> p.23: "We see her silhouette on <i>Ceann na Cailleach</i> [recte <i>Ceann na Caillí</i>], 'Hag's Head', the most southerly of the <a href="/wiki/Cliffs_of_Moher" title="Cliffs of Moher">Cliffs of Moher</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IrCailleach-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IrCailleach_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Dónaill1992" class="citation book cs1">Ó Dónaill, Niall (1992). <i>Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla</i>. Mount Salus Press. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85791-037-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85791-037-0"><bdi>1-85791-037-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Focl%C3%B3ir+Gaeilge%E2%80%93B%C3%A9arla&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Mount+Salus+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=1-85791-037-0&rft.aulast=%C3%93+D%C3%B3naill&rft.aufirst=Niall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Displaying the expected /p/ > /c/ change of early Latin loans in Irish.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thurneysen, Rudolph; <i>A Grammar of Old Irish</i>, Vol. 1; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1946, p. 568.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ó Cathasaigh, T. "The eponym of Cnogba", <i>Éigse</i> 23, 1989, pp. 27–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ó hÓgáin, D. <i>Myth, Legend & Romance: An Encyclopaedia of the Irish Folk Tradition</i>, Prentice Hall Press, 1991, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macbain-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Macbain_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macbain, Alexander (1998) <i>Etymological Dictionary Of Scottish-Gaelic</i>. New York: Hippocrene Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7818-0632-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7818-0632-1">0-7818-0632-1</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ó_Crualaoich-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ó_Crualaoich_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Crualaoich2006" class="citation book cs1">Ó Crualaoich, Gearóid (2006). <i>The Book of the Cailleach: Stories of the Wise-Woman Healer</i>. Cork University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85918-372-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85918-372-7"><bdi>1-85918-372-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Cailleach%3A+Stories+of+the+Wise-Woman+Healer&rft.pub=Cork+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-85918-372-7&rft.aulast=%C3%93+Crualaoich&rft.aufirst=Gear%C3%B3id&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ó Cathasaigh, Tomás. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carrowkeel.com/sites/boyne/knowth2a.html">"Knowth - The Epynom of Cnogba"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monaghan, Patricia. <i>The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore</i>. Infobase Publishing, 2004, p.69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RossD-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RossD_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossSmith1999" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Davie; Smith, Gavin D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotsenglishengl0000unse/page/21"><i>Scots–English English–Scots Dictionary</i></a>. New York: Hippocrene Pres. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotsenglishengl0000unse/page/21">21</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7818-0779-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7818-0779-4"><bdi>0-7818-0779-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scots%E2%80%93English+English%E2%80%93Scots+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Pres&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7818-0779-4&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Davie&rft.au=Smith%2C+Gavin+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscotsenglishengl0000unse%2Fpage%2F21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RossA-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RossA_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross, Anne (1973, reprint 2004) "The divine hag of the pagan Celts", in <i>The Witch Figure: Folklore Essays by a Group of Scholars in England Honoring the 75th Birthday of Katharine M. Briggs</i>; ed. by Venetia Newall. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-33074-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-33074-2">0-415-33074-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackenzie-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackenzie, Donald Alexander (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/tsm/tsm04.htm">"Beira, Queen of Winter"</a>, in <i>Wonder Tales from Scottish Myth and Legend</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Briggs2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Briggs2_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs1967" class="citation book cs1">Briggs, Katharine M. (1967). <i>The Fairies in English Tradition and Literature</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fairies+in+English+Tradition+and+Literature&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Katharine+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNeill-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McNeill_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNeill_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNeill_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNeill_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNeill_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNeill_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNeill_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeill1959" class="citation book cs1">McNeill, F. Marian (1959). <i>The Silver Bough, Vol.2: A Calendar of Scottish National Festivals, Candlemas to Harvest Home</i>. William MacLellan. pp. 20–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85335-162-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85335-162-7"><bdi>0-85335-162-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silver+Bough%2C+Vol.2%3A+A+Calendar+of+Scottish+National+Festivals%2C+Candlemas+to+Harvest+Home&rft.pages=20-21&rft.pub=William+MacLellan&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=0-85335-162-7&rft.aulast=McNeill&rft.aufirst=F.+Marian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNeill2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McNeill2_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeill1959" class="citation book cs1">McNeill, F. Marian (1959). <i>The Silver Bough, Vol.1: Scottish Folklore and Folk-Belief</i>. William MacLellan. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85335-161-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85335-161-9"><bdi>0-85335-161-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silver+Bough%2C+Vol.1%3A+Scottish+Folklore+and+Folk-Belief&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=William+MacLellan&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=0-85335-161-9&rft.aulast=McNeill&rft.aufirst=F.+Marian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frazer, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bough" title="The Golden Bough">The Golden Bough</a></i> 1922, ch. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNeill3-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McNeill3_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McNeill, Vol.2 (1959) pp. 119-124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1994" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Kuno (1994) [1913]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientirishpoet00kuno/page/90"><i>Ancient Irish Poetry</i></a>. Constable and Co. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientirishpoet00kuno/page/90">90–93</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-473380-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-473380-5"><bdi>0-09-473380-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Irish+Poetry&rft.pages=90-93&rft.pub=Constable+and+Co.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-09-473380-5&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Kuno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancientirishpoet00kuno%2Fpage%2F90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ó_Crualaoich2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ó_Crualaoich2_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Crualaoich2006" class="citation book cs1">Ó Crualaoich, Gearóid (2006). <i>The Book of the Cailleach: Stories of the Wise-woman Healer</i>. Cork University Press. pp. 48–52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85918-372-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85918-372-7"><bdi>1-85918-372-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Cailleach%3A+Stories+of+the+Wise-woman+Healer&rft.pages=48-52&rft.pub=Cork+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-85918-372-7&rft.aulast=%C3%93+Crualaoich&rft.aufirst=Gear%C3%B3id&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeaskPriceMartinBailey1935" class="citation journal cs1">Leask, H. G.; Price, Liam; Martin, C. P.; Bailey, K. C. (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25515993">"The Labbacallee Megalith, Co. Cork"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature</i>. <b>43</b>: 77–101. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8991">0035-8991</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25515993">25515993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Irish+Academy.+Section+C%3A+Archaeology%2C+Celtic+Studies%2C+History%2C+Linguistics%2C+Literature&rft.atitle=The+Labbacallee+Megalith%2C+Co.+Cork&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=77-101&rft.date=1935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25515993%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0035-8991&rft.aulast=Leask&rft.aufirst=H.+G.&rft.au=Price%2C+Liam&rft.au=Martin%2C+C.+P.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+K.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25515993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagschair-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hagschair_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cochrane, Andrew (2005) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knowth.com/loughcrew-cochrane4.htm">A taste of the unexpected: subverting mentalités through the motifs and settings of Irish passage tombs</a>". p.4: "To the north of Cairn T and on the exterior is located K29 or the ‘Hag’s Chair’. This kerbstone has visual imagery on its front and back face. The top of the central part of this kerbstone is believed to be artificially cut to create the chair appearance (Shee Twohig 1981, 217; contra. Conwell 1866, 371)".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knowth2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-knowth2_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Documented in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knowth.com/loughcrew-equinox.htm">photos and videos taken on site for six years running</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ringofgullion.org/news/calliagh-berras-lake-article-discover-ireland-e-zine/">"The Calliagh Berra's Lake – Article in Discover Ireland e-zine"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Calliagh+Berra%27s+Lake+%E2%80%93+Article+in+Discover+Ireland+e-zine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fringofgullion.org%2Fnews%2Fcalliagh-berras-lake-article-discover-ireland-e-zine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.logainm.ie/en/18159?s=Aill+na+Caill%C3%AD">"Aill na Caillí/Aillenacally"</a>. <i>Logainm.ie</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Logainm.ie&rft.atitle=Aill+na+Caill%C3%AD%2FAillenacally&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.logainm.ie%2Fen%2F18159%3Fs%3DAill%2Bna%2BCaill%25C3%25AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cailleachhouse-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cailleachhouse_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meehan, Padraig. Listoghil, A Seasonal Alignment, 2014, Gungho Publications,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clooth-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clooth_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeffares, Alexander Norman. A Commentary on the Collected Poems of W.B. Yeats, 1968, Stanford University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LegendCruachan-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LegendCruachan_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LegendCruachan_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitcruachan.co.uk/about/history.asp">The Legend of Cruachan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071028132707/http://www.visitcruachan.co.uk/about/history.asp">Archived</a> 2007-10-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>', from the Ben Cruachan visitor's website. Access date 21-11-2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MysteriousBritain-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MysteriousBritain_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/folklore/calleach.html">Cailleach Bheur</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061009222651/http://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/folklore/calleach.html">Archived</a> 2006-10-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>' from the <i>Mysterious Britain</i> website. Access date 21-11-2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKillopBoann-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McKillopBoann_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacKillop, James (1998) <i>Dictionary of Celtic Mythology</i>. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280120-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280120-1">0-19-280120-1</a> p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacLennan-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacLennan_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacLennan_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">MacLennan, Malcolm, <i>Gaelic Dictionary</i>, Acair and Aberdeen University Press, 1985 photolithographic reprint of 1st edition, 1925</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McK-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McK_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McK_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McKerracher, Archie, <i>Perthshire in History and Legend</i>, 1st edition 1988, John Donald Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0859762238" title="Special:BookSources/0859762238">0859762238</a>, pp55-56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>National Record of the Historic Environment</i> (Canmore), <i>Tigh Nam Bodach</i>, <i>Archaeology Notes</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://canmore.org.uk/site/23898/tigh-nam-bodach">https://canmore.org.uk/site/23898/tigh-nam-bodach</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tigh nam Bodach stones of Glen Cailliche get makeover from dyking expert</i>, <i>Daily Record</i>, 11 May 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/tigh-nam-bodach-stones-glen-2729865">https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/tigh-nam-bodach-stones-glen-2729865</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RossAnne-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RossAnne_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RossAnne_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2000" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Anne (2000). <i>Folklore of the Scottish Highlands</i>. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. p. 114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folklore+of+the+Scottish+Highlands&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Tempus+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StonesInSun-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StonesInSun_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StonesInSun_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sacred stones out in the sun</i>, <i>Daily Record</i>, 4 May 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/sacred-stones-out-sun-2729746">https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/sacred-stones-out-sun-2729746</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2020" class="citation web cs1">Brooks, Libby (30 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/oct/30/there-is-power-in-them-mysterious-stone-figures-gaelic-winter-ritual-cailleach">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'There is power in them': mysterious stone figures to be moved in Gaelic winter ritual"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27There+is+power+in+them%27%3A+mysterious+stone+figures+to+be+moved+in+Gaelic+winter+ritual&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Libby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2020%2Foct%2F30%2Fthere-is-power-in-them-mysterious-stone-figures-gaelic-winter-ritual-cailleach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Derick S. Thomson (1993), <i>Gaelic Poetry in the Eighteenth Century: A Bilingual Anthology</i>, <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Scottish_Literary_Studies" title="Association for Scottish Literary Studies">Association for Scottish Literary Studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>. Pages 161-167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amy Murray's (1920), <i><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacDonald_(poet)" title="Allan MacDonald (poet)">Father Allan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eriskay" title="Eriskay">Island</a></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harcourt,_Brace_and_Howe,_Inc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harcourt, Brace and Howe, Inc (page does not exist)">Harcourt, Brace and Howe, Inc</a>. Page 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, Morna, "Author's Note", <i>The Snow Queen</i> theatre programme, Royal Lyceum Theatre Company, Edinburgh, November 2023, p. 11</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmina_Gadelica" title="Carmina Gadelica">Carmichael, Alexander</a> (1992). <i>Carmina Gadelica</i>. Lindisfarne Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940262-50-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-940262-50-9">0-940262-50-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gregorson_Campbell" title="John Gregorson Campbell">Campbell, John Gregorson</a> (1900, 1902, 2005) <i>The Gaelic Otherworld</i>. Edited by Ronald Black. Edinburgh, Birlinn Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84158-207-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84158-207-7">1-84158-207-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Danaher" title="Kevin Danaher">Danaher, Kevin</a> (1962). <i>The Year in Ireland</i>. Irish Books & Media. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-937702-13-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-937702-13-7">0-937702-13-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHull1927" class="citation journal cs1">Hull, Eleanor (30 September 1927). "Legends and traditions of the Cailleach Bheara or Old Woman (Hag) of Beare". <i>Folklore</i>. <b>38</b> (3): 225–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0015587x.1927.9718387">10.1080/0015587x.1927.9718387</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1256390">1256390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folklore&rft.atitle=Legends+and+traditions+of+the+Cailleach+Bheara+or+Old+Woman+%28Hag%29+of+Beare&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=225-54&rft.date=1927-09-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0015587x.1927.9718387&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1256390%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hull&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>MacKillop, James (1998). <i>Dictionary of Celtic Mythology</i>. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280120-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280120-1">0-19-280120-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Marian_McNeill" title="F. Marian McNeill">McNeill, F. Marian</a> (1959). <i>The Silver Bough, Vol. 1 -4</i>. William MacLellan, Glasgow</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonaghan2004" class="citation book cs1">Monaghan, Patricia (2004). <i>Encyclopedia of Celtic Myth and Folklore</i>. New York: Facts on File. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-4524-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-4524-0"><bdi>0-8160-4524-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Celtic+Myth+and+Folklore&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8160-4524-0&rft.aulast=Monaghan&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Crualaoich2003" class="citation book cs1">Ó Crualaoich, Gearóid (2003). <i>The Book of the Cailleach: Stories of the Wise-Woman Healer</i>. Cork: Cork UP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85918-372-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85918-372-7"><bdi>1-85918-372-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Cailleach%3A+Stories+of+the+Wise-Woman+Healer&rft.place=Cork&rft.pub=Cork+UP&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-85918-372-7&rft.aulast=%C3%93+Crualaoich&rft.aufirst=Gear%C3%B3id&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2000" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Anne (2000). <i>Folklore of the Scottish Highlands</i>. Stroud: Tempus Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-1904-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-1904-8"><bdi>0-7524-1904-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folklore+of+the+Scottish+Highlands&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Tempus+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7524-1904-8&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"The Lament of the Old Woman of Beare", ed. and tr. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonncha_Ó_hAodha1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Donncha Ó hAodha (1989). "The Lament of the Old Woman of Beare". In Donnchadh Ó Corráin, Liam Breatnach and Kim McCone (ed.). <i>Sages, Saints and Storytellers: Celtic studies in Honour of Professor James Carney</i>. Maynooth Monographs 2. Maynooth: An Sagart. pp. 308–31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Lament+of+the+Old+Woman+of+Beare&rft.btitle=Sages%2C+Saints+and+Storytellers%3A+Celtic+studies+in+Honour+of+Professor+James+Carney&rft.place=Maynooth&rft.series=Maynooth+Monographs+2&rft.pages=308-31&rft.pub=An+Sagart&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Donncha+%C3%93+hAodha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrappe1936" class="citation journal cs1">Krappe, A. H. (1936). "La Cailleach Bheara. Notes de mythologie Gaélique". <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tudes_Celtiques" title="Études Celtiques">Études Celtiques</a></i>. <b>1</b> (2): 292–302. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fecelt.1936.1123">10.3406/ecelt.1936.1123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+Celtiques&rft.atitle=La+Cailleach+Bheara.+Notes+de+mythologie+Ga%C3%A9lique&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=292-302&rft.date=1936&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fecelt.1936.1123&rft.aulast=Krappe&rft.aufirst=A.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Carey_(Celticist)" title="John Carey (Celticist)">Carey, John</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071119165842/http://www.celt.dias.ie/publications/celtica/c23/c23-30.pdf">"Transmutations of Immortality in 'The Lament of the Old Woman of Beare'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Celtica</i>. <b>23</b>: 30–7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celt.dias.ie/publications/celtica/c23/c23-30.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Celtica&rft.atitle=Transmutations+of+Immortality+in+%27The+Lament+of+the+Old+Woman+of+Beare%27&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=30-7&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.celt.dias.ie%2Fpublications%2Fceltica%2Fc23%2Fc23-30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACailleach" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Strang, Dougie (2023), <i>The Bone Cave: A Journey Through Myth and Memory</i>, <a href="/wiki/Birlinn_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Birlinn Limited">Birlinn Limited</a>, Edinburgh, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780278353" title="Special:BookSources/9781780278353">9781780278353</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cailleach&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cailleach" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cailleach">Cailleach</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQI3RCUFuYE&index=5&list=PLOhjfSlRDZPdp_352RmC4Wb0NqmglVl-a"><i>An Cailleach Bhéarra</i> (2007)</a> - an <a href="/wiki/Irish_Film_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Film Board">IFB</a> <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short film</a> (8 minutes)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209125300/http://www.visitcruachan.co.uk/about/history.asp">Ben Cruachan, the Hollow Mountain</a> - The Legend of Cruachan, featuring the Cailleach Bheur</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071124210331/http://www.rte.ie/radio1/hagsqueensandwisewomen/">Hags, Queens and Wise Women: Supernatural Females of the Irish Otherworld</a> - RTÉ radio series, based on the work of Gearóid Ó Crualaoich</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knowth.com/loughcrew-cochrane4.htm">Photos of the Hag's Chair</a> and other megalithic features at Slieve na Calliagh, Ireland</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishcultureandcustoms.com/ACustom/AfterHarvest.html">Putting out the hare, putting on the harvest knots</a> - don't get stuck with the Cailleach</li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_mythology_(mythological)" title="Template:Irish mythology (mythological)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_mythology_(mythological)" title="Template talk:Irish mythology (mythological)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_mythology_(mythological)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish mythology (mythological)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_mythology:_the_Mythological_Cycle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish mythology</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Mythological_Cycle" title="Mythological Cycle">Mythological Cycle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">Supernatural<br />figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé<br />Danann</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abc%C3%A1n" title="Abcán">Abcán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aed_(god)" title="Aed (god)">Aed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aengus" title="Aengus">Aengus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anu_(Irish_goddess)" title="Anu (Irish goddess)">Anu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Danu_(Irish_goddess)" title="Danu (Irish goddess)">Danu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Danand" title="Danand">Danand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ine" title="Áine">Áine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n%C3%A1nach" title="Bánánach">Bánánach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9_Chuille" title="Bé Chuille">Bé Chuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9%E1%B8%83inn" title="Béḃinn">Béḃinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boann" title="Boann">Boann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodb_Derg" title="Bodb Derg">Bodb Derg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bres" title="Bres">Bres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_(mythology)" title="Brian (mythology)">Brian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid" title="Brigid">Brigid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cermait" title="Cermait">Cermait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cian" title="Cian">Cian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%ADodhna" title="Clíodhna">Clídna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dagda" title="The Dagda">Dagda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delb%C3%A1eth" title="Delbáeth">Delbáeth</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tuireann" title="Tuireann">Tuirenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Cecht" title="Dian Cecht">Dian Cecht</a>-<a href="/wiki/Miach" title="Miach">Miach</a>-<a href="/wiki/Airmed" title="Airmed">Airmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecne" title="Ecne">Ecne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernmas" title="Ernmas">Ernmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ta%C3%ADn" title="Étaín">Étaín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89riu" title="Ériu">Ériu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Banba" title="Banba">Banba</a>-<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3dla" title="Fódla">Fódla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiacha_mac_Delba%C3%ADth" title="Fiacha mac Delbaíth">Fiacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flidais" title="Flidais">Flidais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuamnach" title="Fuamnach">Fuamnach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9n" title="Lén">Lén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lir" title="Lir">Lir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugh" title="Lugh">Lug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Gr%C3%A9ine" title="Mac Gréine">Mac Gréine</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mac_Cuill" title="Mac Cuill">Mac Cuill</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mac_Cecht" title="Mac Cecht">Mac Cecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macha" title="Macha">Macha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir" title="Manannán mac Lir">Manannán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midir" title="Midir">Midir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Morr%C3%ADgan" title="The Morrígan">Morrígan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Badb" title="Badb">Badb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemain" title="Nemain">Nemain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neit" title="Neit">Neit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuada_Airgetl%C3%A1m" title="Nuada Airgetlám">Nuada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nechtan_(mythology)" title="Nechtan (mythology)">Nechtan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elcmar" title="Elcmar">Elcmar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogma" title="Ogma">Ogma</a></li> <li>Trí Dé Dána (<a href="/wiki/Goibniu" title="Goibniu">Goibniu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creidhne" title="Creidhne">Credne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luchtaine" title="Luchtaine">Luchta</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fomorians" title="Fomorians">Fomhoraigh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balor" title="Balor">Balor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bres" title="Bres">Bres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cethlenn" title="Cethlenn">Cethlenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cichol_Gricenchos" title="Cichol Gricenchos">Cichol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conand_(mythology)" title="Conand (mythology)">Conand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatha" title="Elatha">Elatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethniu" title="Ethniu">Ethniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethra" title="Tethra">Tethra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caillech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carman" title="Carman">Carman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crom_Cruach" title="Crom Cruach">Crom Cruach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donn" title="Donn">Donn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mug_Ruith" title="Mug Ruith">Mug Ruith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailtiu" title="Tailtiu">Tailtiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlachtga" title="Tlachtga">Tlachtga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuan_mac_Cairill" title="Tuan mac Cairill">Tuan mac Cairill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn">Settlers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cessair" title="Cessair">Cesair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthol%C3%B3n" title="Partholón">Partholón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemed" title="Nemed">Nemed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fir_Bolg" title="Fir Bolg">Fir Bolg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aonghus_mac_%C3%9Amh%C3%B3r" title="Aonghus mac Úmhór">Aengus mac Umor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eochaid_mac_Eirc" title="Eochaid mac Eirc">Eochaid mac Eirc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiacha_Cennfinn%C3%A1n" title="Fiacha Cennfinnán">Fiacha Cennfinnán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fodbgen" title="Fodbgen">Fodbgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gann_mac_Dela" title="Gann mac Dela">Gann</a>-<a href="/wiki/Genann" title="Genann">Genann</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sengann_mac_Dela" title="Sengann mac Dela">Sengann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinnal" title="Rinnal">Rinnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudraige_mac_Dela" title="Rudraige mac Dela">Rudraige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1ine_mac_Dela" title="Sláine mac Dela">Sláine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreng" title="Sreng">Sreng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Milesians_(Irish)" title="Milesians (Irish)">Milesians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amergin_Gl%C3%BAingel" title="Amergin Glúingel">Amergin Glúingel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breog%C3%A1n" title="Breogán">Breogán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ber_Donn" title="Éber Donn">Éber Donn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber_Finn" title="Eber Finn">Éber Finn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rim%C3%B3n" title="Érimón">Érimón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9nius_Farsaid" title="Fénius Farsaid">Fénius Farsaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%ADdel_Glas" title="Goídel Glas">Goídel Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1mfhind" title="Lámfhind">Lámfhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADl_Esp%C3%A1ine" title="Míl Espáine">Míl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scota" title="Scota">Scota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Creatures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aos_S%C3%AD" title="Aos Sí">Aes Síde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enbarr" title="Enbarr">Enbarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failinis" title="Failinis">Failinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glas_Gaibhnenn" title="Glas Gaibhnenn">Glas Gaibhnenn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lugh#Areadbhar" title="Lugh">Areadbhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Four Treasures of the Tuatha Dé Danann">Four Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragarach" title="Fragarach">Fragarach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAin_of_Celtchar" title="Lúin of Celtchar">Lúin of Celtchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uaithne" title="Uaithne">Uaithne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Otherworld" title="Celtic Otherworld">Otherworld</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mag_Mell" title="Mag Mell">Mag Mell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADr_na_n%C3%93g" title="Tír na nÓg">Tír na nÓg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donn" title="Donn">Tech Duinn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BA_na_B%C3%B3inne" title="Brú na Bóinne">Brú na Bóinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connla%27s_Well" class="mw-redirect" title="Connla's Well">Connla's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emain_Ablach" title="Emain Ablach">Emain Ablach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fintan%27s_Grave" title="Fintan's Grave">Fintan's Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Tara" title="Hill of Tara">Teamhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory_Island" title="Tory Island">Toraigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Uisneach" title="Hill of Uisneach">Uisneach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn">Lebor Gabála Érenn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cath_Maige_Tuired" title="Cath Maige Tuired">Cath Maige Tuired</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tochmarc_%C3%89ta%C3%ADne" title="Tochmarc Étaíne">Tochmarc Étaíne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Lir" title="Children of Lir">Aided Chlainne Lir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brian_(mythology)" title="Brian (mythology)">Aided Chlainne Tuirenn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_of_Bran" title="The Voyage of Bran">Immram Brain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dindsenchas" title="Dindsenchas">Dindsenchas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#c1e6c1;"><div><i>part of a series on <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celtic_mythology_series" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#90db90;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scottish_mythology" title="Template:Scottish mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scottish_mythology" title="Template talk:Scottish mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scottish_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scottish mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celtic_mythology_series" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a> series</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#c1e6c1;"><div><b>Creatures in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish mythology and folklore</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#c1e6c1;">Beasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beithir" title="Beithir">Beithir</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gigelorum" title="Gigelorum">Gigelorum</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#c1e6c1;">Birds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boobrie" title="Boobrie">Boobrie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#c1e6c1;">Cryptids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Loch_Ness_Monster" title="Loch Ness Monster">Loch Ness Monster</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#c1e6c1;">Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beira_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beira (mythology)">Beira</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cailleach</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#c1e6c1;">Demons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nuckelavee" title="Nuckelavee">Nuckelavee</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#c1e6c1;">Fairies/spirits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Aos_S%C3%AD" title="Aos Sí">Aos Sí</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Baobhan_sith" title="Baobhan sith">Baobhan sith</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bean-nighe" title="Bean-nighe">Bean-nighe</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Biasd_Bheulach" title="Biasd Bheulach">Biasd Bheulach</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_men_of_the_Minch" title="Blue men of the Minch">Blue men of the Minch</a></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bodach" title="Bodach">Bodach</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Caoineag" title="Caoineag">Caoineag</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cat-s%C3%ACth" title="Cat-sìth">Cat-sìth</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeling" title="Changeling">Changeling</a></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B9-s%C3%ACth" title="Cù-sìth">Cù-sìth</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Each-uisge" title="Each-uisge">Each-uisge</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuath" title="Fuath">Fuath</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gancanagh" title="Gancanagh">Gancanagh</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ghillie_Dhu" title="Ghillie Dhu">Ghillie Dhu</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Glaistig" title="Glaistig">Glaistig</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelpie" title="Kelpie">Kelpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggy_Moulach" title="Maggy Moulach">Meg Mullach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuggle" title="Nuggle">Nuggle</a></li> <li><span title="Scots-language text"><span lang="sco" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sea_Mither" title="Sea Mither">Sea Mither</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scots-language text"><span lang="sco" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Seelie" title="Seelie">Seelie</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Seonaidh" title="Seonaidh">Seonaidh</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trow_(folklore)" title="Trow (folklore)">Trow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_bull" title="Water bull">Water bull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#c1e6c1;">Giants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fachan" title="Fachan">Fachan</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#c1e6c1;">Gnomes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pech_(mythology)" title="Pech (mythology)">Pech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#c1e6c1;">Goblins/hobgoblins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bauchan" title="Bauchan">Bauchan</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#c1e6c1;">Mermaids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ceasg" title="Ceasg">Ceasg</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkie" title="Selkie">Selkie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_personifications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_personifications" title="Template:National personifications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_personifications" title="Template talk:National personifications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_personifications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National personifications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_personifications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National personifications</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Afghanistan, Iran and Tajikistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rostam" title="Rostam">Rostam</a></li></ul></li> <li>Albania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Albania_(statue)" title="Mother Albania (statue)">Mother Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_the_Americas" title="Personification of the Americas">Personification of the Americas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_representations_of_Argentina" title="Allegorical representations of Argentina">Effigies of Argentina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Armenia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Armenia" title="Mother Armenia">Mother Armenia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Boy_from_Manly" title="Little Boy from Manly">Little Boy from Manly</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bangladesh <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Bangamata</a></li></ul></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Belgicus" title="Leo Belgicus">Leo Belgicus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ef%C3%ADgie_da_Rep%C3%BAblica" title="Efígie da República">Efígie da República</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cambodia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preah_Thong_and_Neang_Neak" title="Preah Thong and Neang Neak">Preah Thong and Neang Neak</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Canuck" title="Johnny Canuck">Johnny Canuck</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chile <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaso" title="Huaso">Huaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roto" title="Roto">Roto</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panda" class="mw-redirect" title="Panda">Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor" title="Jade Emperor">Jade Emperor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Croatia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Croatia" title="Mother Croatia">Mother Croatia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cechie" title="Čechie">Čechie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Va%C5%A1ek" title="Czech Vašek">Czech Vašek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Soldier_%C5%A0vejk" title="The Good Soldier Švejk">Švejk</a></li></ul></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogier_the_Dane" title="Ogier the Dane">Holger Danske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Denmark" title="Mother Denmark">Mother Denmark</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(consort_of_Zeus)" title="Europa (consort of Zeus)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_regina" title="Europa regina">Europa regina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Maiden" title="Finnish Maiden">Finnish Maiden</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_rooster" title="Gallic rooster">Gallic rooster</a></li></ul></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kartlis_Deda" title="Kartlis Deda">Kartvlis Deda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Michel" title="Deutscher Michel">Deutscher Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_(personification)" title="Germania (personification)">Germania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_(personification)" title="Hellas (personification)">Hellas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Haiti <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezili_Dantor" title="Ezili Dantor">Ezili Dantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Flon" title="Catherine Flon">Catherine Flon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Hungaria" title="Lady of Hungaria">Lady of Hungaria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iceland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Mountain" title="Lady of the Mountain">Lady of the Mountain</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Elephant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Elephant">Indian Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibu_Pertiwi" title="Ibu Pertiwi">Ibu Pertiwi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ireland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89riu" title="Ériu">Ériu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibernia_(personification)" title="Hibernia (personification)">Hibernia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Ni_Houlihan" title="Kathleen Ni Houlihan">Kathleen Ni Houlihan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srulik" title="Srulik">Srulik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italia_turrita" title="Italia turrita">Italia turrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_(personification)" title="Roma (personification)">Roma</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wanjiku" title="Wanjiku">Wanjiku</a></li></ul></li> <li>Korea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dangun" title="Dangun">Dangun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungnyeo" title="Ungnyeo">Ungnyeo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Manas" title="Epic of Manas">Manas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lebanon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abed" title="Abu Abed">Abu Abed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Malaysia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Tuah" title="Hang Tuah">Hang Tuah</a></li></ul></li> <li>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melita_(personification)" title="Melita (personification)">Melita</a></li></ul></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Maiden" title="Dutch Maiden">Dutch Maiden</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_man" title="Southern man">Southern man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia_(personification)" title="Zealandia (personification)">Zealandia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ola_Nordmann" title="Ola Nordmann">Ola Nordmann</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaheen_falcon" title="Shaheen falcon">Shaheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah" title="Fatima Jinnah">Māder-e Millat</a></li></ul></li> <li>Palestine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handala" title="Handala">Handala</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peru <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Motherland" title="Peruvian Motherland">Madre Patria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_dela_Cruz" title="Juan dela Cruz">Juan dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Clara" title="María Clara">Maria Clara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polonia_(personification)" title="Polonia (personification)">Polonia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ef%C3%ADgie_da_Rep%C3%BAblica" title="Efígie da República">Efígie da República</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9_Povinho" title="Zé Povinho">Zé Povinho</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_Russia" title="Personification of Russia">Mother Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Bear" title="Russian Bear">Russian Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Winter" title="Russian Winter">Russian Winter</a></li></ul></li> <li>Serbia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Maiden" title="Kosovo Maiden">Kosovo Maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Serbia" title="Mother Serbia">Mother Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Singapore <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merlion" title="Merlion">Merlion</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_(personification)" title="Hispania (personification)">Hispania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Svea" title="Mother Svea">Mother Svea</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thailand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siam_Devadhiraj" title="Siam Devadhiraj">Siam Devadhiraj</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Mamay" title="Cossack Mamay">Cossack Mamay</a></li></ul></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bull" title="John Bull">John Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Morewood_Staniforth#Dame_Wales" title="Joseph Morewood Staniforth">Dame Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Welsh Dragon</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Jonathan" title="Brother Jonathan">Brother Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(personification)" title="Liberty (personification)">Lady Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Justice" title="Lady Justice">Lady Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Yank" title="Billy Yank">Billy Yank</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Northern states</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Reb" title="Johnny Reb">Johnny Reb</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Southern states</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryballs" 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