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aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kazimierz Sakowicz</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Sakowicz" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Kazimierz_Sakowicz" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> Kazimierz Sakowicz (1894–1944) was a <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> journalist, soldier and member of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance against Nazism</a>. A witness to the prolonged <a href="/wiki/Ponary_massacre" title="Ponary massacre">Ponary massacre</a> in German-occupied <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, he chronicled much of it in his diary, before being murdered in 1944. His diary, which he buried in his garden and parts of which were recovered and reconstructed after the war, was published several decades after his death under the title Ponary Diary (first, in Polish in 1999, and translated into English in 2005). It is a detailed record of that atrocity of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, in which about 100,000 Jews, Poles and Russians were murdered by Germans and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Lithuanian collaborators</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burial_place_of_Kazimierz_Sakowicz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Burial_place_of_Kazimierz_Sakowicz.jpg/220px-Burial_place_of_Kazimierz_Sakowicz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Burial_place_of_Kazimierz_Sakowicz.jpg/330px-Burial_place_of_Kazimierz_Sakowicz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Burial_place_of_Kazimierz_Sakowicz.jpg/440px-Burial_place_of_Kazimierz_Sakowicz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></a><figcaption>Gravestone of Sakowicz and others, with names rendered in Lithuanian</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography">1 Biography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Ponary_Diary">2 Ponary Diary</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#See_also">3 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Notes">4 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References">5 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Further_reading">6 Further reading</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimierz_Sakowicz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Sakowicz was born in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilna</a> in 1894, the son of Elias and Sofia Sakowicz, then in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Partition" title="Russian Partition">Russian Partition</a> of Poland.<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a> He studied law in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. After his studies he returned to Vilna, where he began his journalistic career; Poland regained independence around that time in the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I" title="Aftermath of World War I">aftermath of World War I</a>. Sakowicz married a woman named Maria. Later, he became a newspaper publisher, operating a printing press in Vilna. He was an owner, editor and journalist of a newspaper called Przegląd Gospodarczy (Economic Review).<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Piotrowski1998-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> He was also an <a href="/wiki/Officer_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer (military)">officer</a> of the pre-war <a href="/wiki/Polish_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish army">Polish army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> During the war he became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> Due to economic troubles during the German occupation, Sakowicz had to close his print shop and became a worker in a business dealing with animal skin and fur. He also had to move to a cheaper apartment in the outlying <a href="/wiki/Paneriai" class="mw-redirect" title="Paneriai">Ponary</a> district. There he chronicled events of the <a href="/wiki/Ponary_massacre" title="Ponary massacre">Ponary massacre</a> in his journal, which he buried in his garden.<a href="#cite_note-Piotrowski1998-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> The notes that survive begin on 11 July 1941, and end on 6 November 1943.<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a> He observed the massacres from his attic window, approximately 100 meters from the execution site. In addition to observing the events, he interviewed other witnesses and even some of the Lithuanian perpetrators, whom he identified as associated with the Lithuanian nationalist organization, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Riflemen%27s_Union" title="Lithuanian Riflemen's Union">Lithuanian Riflemen's Union</a>, and referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Ypatingasis_b%C5%ABrys" title="Ypatingasis būrys">Ponary Riflemen</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a> On 5 July 1944, during the increasing unrest in the area (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Operation Tempest</a>), he was shot and seriously wounded. The exact circumstances of his shooting are not known, it is generally assumed that he was attacked by <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Lithuanian collaborators</a> who discovered his interest in the massacre.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-7">[7]</a> He was found in the evening by his neighbours in a ditch, near his bicycle,<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a> and brought to St. Jacob Hospital in Vilna where he died ten days later.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> His grave is located in the <a href="/wiki/Rasos_Cemetery" title="Rasos Cemetery">Rossa Cemetery</a> in Vilna, among graves of the fallen soldiers of the Polish Armia Krajowa underground.<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Piotrowski1998-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Ponary_Diary">Ponary Diary</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimierz_Sakowicz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ponary Diary" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Sakowicz is known for his diary, published decades later under the title Ponary Diary, 1941-1943: A Bystander's Account of a Mass Murder (Dziennik pisany w Ponarach od 11 lipca 1941 r. do 6 listopada 1943 r.). It was first published in Poland in 1999<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> and thereafter translated into several languages: Hebrew in 2000;<a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a> German in 2003; English in 2005; Lithuanian in 2012; Italian in 2018; and French in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> This diary is reconstructed from writings that Sakowicz had buried in empty lemonade<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a>: xiv or soda water<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> bottles in his garden.<a href="#cite_note-Maariv-10">[10]</a> He wrote his diary on any paper he could obtain, including old school notebooks and yearbooks.<a href="#cite_note-Maariv-10">[10]</a> Some of this writing is illegible or barely legible.<a href="#cite_note-Piotrowski1998-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a> Parts of his diary are considered lost as Sakowicz's record ends on 6 November 1943, but according to his family, he kept recording and writing his observations right up to the day of his mortal wounding. After the war, the bottles with his writings were dug up by his neighbours, who passed them on to a short-lived Jewish museum in postwar Vilna; later, the documents made their way to other museums as well as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuanian_Central_State_Archives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithuanian Central State Archives (page does not exist)">Lithuanian Central State Archives</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuvos_centrinis_valstyb%C4%97s_archyvas" class="extiw" title="lt:Lietuvos centrinis valstybės archyvas">lt</a>].<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> Several short fragments of the diary were published in the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian SSR</a> in 1959 and 1966, and later in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a> during the trial of one of the perpetrators of the massacre, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktoras_Galvanauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktoras Galvanauskas (page does not exist)">Viktoras Galvanauskas</a>, who was living in Poland under the Polish name Wiktor Gilwanowski.<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-7">[7]</a> In the early 1990s, fragments of the diary were delivered to the Polish <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance" title="Institute of National Remembrance">Institute of National Remembrance</a> by an anonymous member of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_minority_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish minority in Lithuania">Polish minority in Lithuania</a>, with a request to preserve the memory of this event from being forgotten.<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a> The documents were eventually recovered and reconstructed by <a href="/wiki/Litvaks" title="Litvaks">Lithuanian Jewish</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Margolis" title="Rachel Margolis">Rachel Margolis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-11">[11]</a> whose family perished in the massacre, and who was at that time a director of the historical division of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_State_Museum_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish State Museum of Lithuania">Jewish State Museum of Lithuania</a>. The foreword of the English edition noted that it "is one of the most shocking documents of its time", describing the murder of tens of thousands. She also speculated that "historians were denied access to the diary for many years, possibly because it provides evidence of the atrocities committed by the Lithuanians", and noted that some early transcriptions of the diary fragments published in Lithuania were imprecisely translated "apparently in order to diminish the role played by Lithuanian nationalists in the extermination of the Jews".<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maariv-10">[10]</a> Waldemar Franciszek Wilczewski likewise suggested that the fact that the last part of Sakowicz diary is missing might be the result of its destruction by Lithuanian perpetrators and collaborators, whose names and identities by that time Sakowicz was aware of, and might have recorded in that part of his diary.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Dovid_Katz" title="Dovid Katz">Dovid Katz</a>, because of her work on the Sakowicz's diary, Margolis has been persecuted in Lithuania, where she has been "loathed by much of the nationalist academic establishment" and her work has "infuriat[ed] many elites in view of the revealed degree of participation in the genocide by local Lithuanian forces".<a href="#cite_note-:5-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Arad" title="Yitzhak Arad">Yitzhak Arad</a> writing in the preface of the English edition, which he helped edit, noted that "Sakowicz's diary is unique. No similar documentation has survived from any of the other mass murder sites at which Jews were shot [...] That Sakowicz's diary offers "objective" testimony from a bystander rather than from a victim, devoid of any emotional agenda that might call its credibility into question, places it among the most important of the Holocaust testimonies."<a href="#cite_note-Sakowicz20052-12">[12]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Guesnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Guesnet (page does not exist)">François Guesnet</a> reviewed the book for <a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung" title="Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung">Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung</a> in 2003. He noted that "Contrary to all customs, the earlier Polish edition is not mentioned anywhere [in the later Hebrew edition, which is nearly identical and clearly based on it], which can certainly be seen as a significant gesture in the shaping of <a href="/wiki/Historical_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical memory">historical memory</a>".<a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[a]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimierz_Sakowicz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yitskhok_Rudashevski" title="Yitskhok Rudashevski">Yitskhok Rudashevski</a>, one of the Jewish victims of the massacre, author of a diary about his life in the Vilna Ghetto.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimierz_Sakowicz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Original German: "Entgegen allen Gepflogenheiten wird die vorausgehende polnische Edition an keiner Stelle erwähnt, worin durchaus eine signifikante Geste in der Gestaltung historischen Gedächtnisses gesehen werden kann."<a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimierz_Sakowicz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sakowicz2005-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz2005_1-11">l</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMargolis2005" class="citation book cs1">Margolis, Rachel (2005). "Foreword". In Arad, Yitzhak (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNI79jJnsOoC">Ponary Diary, 1941-1943: A Bystander's Account of a Mass Murder</a>. Yale University Press. pp. vii–xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10853-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10853-8"><bdi>978-0-300-10853-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft.btitle=Ponary+Diary%2C+1941-1943%3A+A+Bystander%27s+Account+of+a+Mass+Murder&rft.pages=vii-xi&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10853-8&rft.aulast=Margolis&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNI79jJnsOoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazimierz+Sakowicz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piotrowski1998-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Piotrowski1998_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Piotrowski1998_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Piotrowski1998_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Piotrowski1998_2-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTadeusz_Piotrowski1998" class="citation book cs1">Tadeusz Piotrowski (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hC0-dk7vpM8C&pg=PA171">Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947</a>. 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Retrieved 25 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.maariv.co.il&rft.atitle=%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9F+%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%A8+%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99+%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A3+%D7%90%D7%AA+%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A3+%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maariv.co.il%2Fnews%2Fisrael%2FArticle-696882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazimierz+Sakowicz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2017" class="citation journal cs1">Katz, Dovid (2 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23256249.2017.1395530">"The Extraordinary Recent History of Holocaust Studies in Lithuania"</a>. Dapim: Studies on the Holocaust. 31 (3): 285–295. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23256249.2017.1395530">10.1080/23256249.2017.1395530</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2325-6249">2325-6249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dapim%3A+Studies+on+the+Holocaust&rft.atitle=The+Extraordinary+Recent+History+of+Holocaust+Studies+in+Lithuania&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=285-295&rft.date=2017-09-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F23256249.2017.1395530&rft.issn=2325-6249&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Dovid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F23256249.2017.1395530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazimierz+Sakowicz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sakowicz20052-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Sakowicz20052_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYitzhak2005" class="citation book cs1">Yitzhak, Arad (2005). "Preface". In Arad, Yitzhak (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNI79jJnsOoC">Ponary Diary, 1941-1943: A Bystander's Account of a Mass Murder</a>. Yale University Press. pp. xiii–xvi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10853-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10853-8"><bdi>978-0-300-10853-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.btitle=Ponary+Diary%2C+1941-1943%3A+A+Bystander%27s+Account+of+a+Mass+Murder&rft.pages=xiii-xvi&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10853-8&rft.aulast=Yitzhak&rft.aufirst=Arad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNI79jJnsOoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKazimierz+Sakowicz" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimierz_Sakowicz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNI79jJnsOoC&q=Kazimierz+Sakowicz">Blurb of Ponary Diary, 1941-1943: A Bystander's Account of a Mass Murder</a> By Kazimierz Sakowicz, Yitzhak Arad. Yale University Press, 2005.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kathryncramer.com/kathryn_cramer/2009/04/reading-kazimierz-sakowicz.html">Reading Kazimierz Sakowicz, by Kathryn Cramer</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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