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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Arches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muscles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muscles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Muscles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muscles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extrinsic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extrinsic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Extrinsic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extrinsic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anterior_group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anterior_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1.1</span> <span><i>Anterior group</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anterior_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posterior_group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posterior_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1.2</span> <span><i>Posterior group</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posterior_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intrinsic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intrinsic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Intrinsic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intrinsic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pronation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metaphorical_and_cultural_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metaphorical_and_cultural_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Metaphorical and cultural usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metaphorical_and_cultural_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Foot</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 129 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-129" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">129 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voet" title="Voet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Voet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AD" title="እግር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እግር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C5%8Dt" title="Fōt – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fōt" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85" title="قدم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet" title="Piet – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Piet" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%A9%DC%A0%DC%90" title="ܥܩܠܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܩܠܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicioru" title="Cicioru – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cicioru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_(anatom%C3%ADa)" title="Pie (anatomía) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pie (anatomía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osit" title="Osit – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Osit" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Py" title="Py – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Py" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B0_%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B5" title="РекӀекьа хӀетӀе – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="РекӀекьа хӀетӀе" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaq" title="Ayaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ayaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batis" title="Batis – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Batis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batis" title="Batis – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Batis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kha" title="Kha – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kha" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Аяҡ табаны – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аяҡ табаны" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8F_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Ступня (анатомія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ступня (анатомія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitis" title="Bitis – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bitis" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Ходило – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ходило" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fua%C3%9F" title="Fuaß – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Fuaß" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="རྐང་པ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྐང་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopalo" title="Stopalo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Stopalo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troad" title="Troad – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Troad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peu" title="Peu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Peu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Ура лаппи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ура лаппи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noha" title="Noha – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Noha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsoka" title="Tsoka – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tsoka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedi" title="Pedi – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Pedi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troed" title="Troed – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Troed" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fod_(anatomi)" title="Fod (anatomi) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fod (anatomi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%9F" title="Fuß – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fuß" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8C%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A6" title="ފައިތިލަ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފައިތިލަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labajalg" title="Labajalg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Labajalg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0" title="Pà – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pà" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie" title="Pie – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pie" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedo" title="Piedo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oin" title="Oin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="پیش‌پا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیش‌پا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pied_(anatomie_humaine)" title="Pied (anatomie humaine) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pied (anatomie humaine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foet" title="Foet – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Foet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bun-na-coise" title="Bun-na-coise – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bun-na-coise" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9_(anatom%C3%ADa)" title="Pé (anatomía) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pé (anatomía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiok" title="Kiok – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kiok" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C" title="발 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafa" title="Kafa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kafa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0" title="पैर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पैर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopalo" title="Stopalo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stopalo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedo" title="Pedo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pedo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki" title="Kaki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isigak" title="Isigak – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Isigak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyawo" title="Unyawo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Unyawo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3tur" title="Fótur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fótur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piede" title="Piede – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Piede" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A3_%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C" title="כף רגל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כף רגל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6" title="ಪಾದ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%86%D8%B1" title="کھۆر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کھۆر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Табан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Табан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyayo" title="Unyayo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Unyayo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pye" title="Pye – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pye" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AA_(anatom%C3%AE)" title="Pê (anatomî) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pê (anatomî)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="БакӀччан – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="БакӀччан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pes" title="Pes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%93da" title="Pēda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pēda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%97da" title="Pėda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pėda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekigere" title="Ekigere – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ekigere" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pee" title="Pee – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pee" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Стапало – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стапало" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongotra" title="Tongotra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tongotra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="പാദം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B2" title="पाऊल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाऊल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki" title="Kaki – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kaki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%83" title="Kă – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kă" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xotl" title="Xotl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xotl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yava" title="Yava – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Yava" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voet_(anatomie)" title="Voet (anatomie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voet (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voot" title="Voot – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Voot" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="गोडा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गोडा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3" title="足 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="足" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8de" title="Pède – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pède" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot_(kroppsdel)" title="Fot (kroppsdel) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fot (kroppsdel)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot" title="Fot – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fot" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8" title="Pè – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pè" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0" title="ਪੈਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sali" title="Sali – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Sali" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1_(%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="پیر (انگ) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیر (انگ)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_(Lief)" title="Foot (Lief) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Foot (Lief)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopa_cz%C5%82owieka" title="Stopa człowieka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stopa człowieka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9" title="Pé – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voss" title="Voss – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Voss" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picior_(anatomie)" title="Picior (anatomie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Picior (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaki" title="Chaki – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chaki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Стопа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стопа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="चरणम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चरणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱟᱴᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱴᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fit_(body_pairt)" title="Fit (body pairt) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fit (body pairt)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedi_(anatum%C3%ACa)" title="Pedi (anatumìa) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pedi (anatumìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot" title="Foot – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Foot" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="پير – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پير" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noha_(v_u%C5%BE%C5%A1om_zmysle)" title="Noha (v užšom zmysle) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Noha (v užšom zmysle)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopalo" title="Stopalo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stopalo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E" title="پێ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Стопало – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стопало" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopalo" title="Stopalo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stopalo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku" title="Suku – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suku" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalkater%C3%A4" title="Jalkaterä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jalkaterä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot" title="Fot – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fot" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paa" title="Paa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பாதம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/kakay" title="kakay – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="kakay" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="పాదము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాదము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="เท้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เท้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Пой – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пой" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayak" title="Ayak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ayak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1kpai_(tak)" title="A̱kpai (tak) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱kpai (tak)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Стопа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стопа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A4%DA%BA" title="پاؤں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاؤں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%87%D8%AA" title="پۇت – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پۇت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din" title="Din – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Din" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0n_ch%C3%A2n" title="Bàn chân – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bàn chân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labajalg" title="Labajalg – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Labajalg" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%ADl" title="Tiíl – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tiíl" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3" title="足 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="足" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1" title="פוס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פוס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B3" title="腳 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="腳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%B1nge" title="Lınge – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Lınge" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%9A" title="脚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="脚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki" title="Kaki – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kaki" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15807#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Anatomical structure found in vertebrates</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the anatomical structure. For the unit of measure, see <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">Foot (unit)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Foot_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Foot (disambiguation)">Foot (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Feet</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Feet_boy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Feet_boy.jpg/240px-Feet_boy.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Feet_boy.jpg/360px-Feet_boy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Feet_boy.jpg/480px-Feet_boy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A pair of bare feet, visible ten toes</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dorsalis_pedis_artery" title="Dorsalis pedis artery">Dorsalis pedis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medial_plantar_artery" title="Medial plantar artery">medial plantar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lateral_plantar_artery" title="Lateral plantar artery">lateral plantar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">Nerve</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Medial_plantar_nerve" title="Medial plantar nerve">Medial plantar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lateral_plantar_nerve" title="Lateral plantar nerve">lateral plantar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deep_fibular_nerve" title="Deep fibular nerve">deep fibular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superficial_fibular_nerve" title="Superficial fibular nerve">superficial fibular</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>pes</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D005528">D005528</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.040%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A01.1.00.040</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=166">166</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma9664">9664</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15807" class="extiw" title="d:Q15807">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>foot</b> (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>feet</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Anatomical" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomical">anatomical</a> structure found in many <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a>. It is the terminal portion of a <a href="/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">limb</a> which bears weight and allows <a href="/wiki/Animal_locomotion" title="Animal locomotion">locomotion</a>. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Separate how? As opposed to what? Does this sentence imply that some feet are not "separate organs"? (December 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> organ at the terminal part of the <a href="/wiki/Leg" title="Leg">leg</a> made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word "foot", in the sense of meaning the "terminal part of the leg of a vertebrate animal" comes from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i>fot</i>, from Proto-Germanic *<i>fot</i> (source also of Old Frisian <i>fot</i>, Old Saxon <i>fot</i>, Old Norse <i>fotr</i>, Danish <i>fod</i>, Swedish <i>fot</i>, Dutch <i>voet</i>, Old High German <i>fuoz</i>, German <i>Fuß</i>, Gothic <i>fotus</i>, all meaning "foot"), from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">PIE</a> root *<i>ped-</i> "foot".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plural form <i>feet</i> is an instance of i-mutation.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newborn-Baby-Feet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Newborn-Baby-Feet.jpg/170px-Newborn-Baby-Feet.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Newborn-Baby-Feet.jpg/255px-Newborn-Baby-Feet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Newborn-Baby-Feet.jpg/340px-Newborn-Baby-Feet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The feet of a newborn <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">infant</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metti_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>A woman's foot, decorated with <a href="/wiki/Nail_polish" title="Nail polish">nail polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">henna</a>, and wearing a <i>metti</i> (<a href="/wiki/Toe_ring" title="Toe ring">toe ring</a>) on the second toe, for her wedding</figcaption></figure> <p>The human foot is a strong and complex mechanical structure containing 26 <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bones</a>, 33 <a href="/wiki/Joint_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint (anatomy)">joints</a> (20 of which are actively articulated), and more than a hundred <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligaments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Podiatry-Channel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Podiatry-Channel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The joints of the foot are the <a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">ankle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subtalar_joint" title="Subtalar joint">subtalar joint</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Interphalangeal_joints_of_the_foot" title="Interphalangeal joints of the foot">interphalangeal joints of the foot</a>. An anthropometric study of 1197 North American adult Caucasian males (mean age 35.5 years) found that a man's foot length was 26.3 cm with a <a href="/wiki/Standard_deviation" title="Standard deviation">standard deviation</a> of 1.2 cm.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The foot can be subdivided into the hindfoot, the midfoot, and the forefoot: </p><p>The <i>hindfoot</i> is composed of the <a href="/wiki/Talus_bone" title="Talus bone">talus</a> (or ankle bone) and the <a href="/wiki/Calcaneus" title="Calcaneus">calcaneus</a> (or heel bone). The two long bones of the lower leg, the <a href="/wiki/Tibia" title="Tibia">tibia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fibula" title="Fibula">fibula</a>, are connected to the top of the talus to form the <a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">ankle</a>. Connected to the talus at the <a href="/wiki/Subtalar_joint" title="Subtalar joint">subtalar joint</a>, the calcaneus, the largest bone of the foot, is cushioned underneath by a layer of fat.<sup id="cite_ref-Podiatry-Channel_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Podiatry-Channel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The five irregular bones of the <i>midfoot</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Cuboid_bone" title="Cuboid bone">cuboid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navicular_bone" title="Navicular bone">navicular</a>, and three <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform (anatomy)">cuneiform</a> bones, form the <a href="/wiki/Arches_of_the_foot" title="Arches of the foot">arches of the foot</a> which serve as a shock absorber. The midfoot is connected to the hind- and fore-foot by muscles and the <a href="/wiki/Plantar_fascia" title="Plantar fascia">plantar fascia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Podiatry-Channel_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Podiatry-Channel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>forefoot</i> is composed of five <a href="/wiki/Toe" title="Toe">toes</a> and the corresponding five proximal long bones forming the <a href="/wiki/Metatarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatarsus">metatarsus</a>. Similar to the fingers of the hand, the bones of the toes are called <a href="/wiki/Phalanx_bone" title="Phalanx bone">phalanges</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Big_toe" class="mw-redirect" title="Big toe">big toe</a> has two phalanges while the other four toes have three phalanges each. The joints between the phalanges are called <a href="/wiki/Interphalangeal_joints_of_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Interphalangeal joints of foot">interphalangeal</a> and those between the metatarsus and phalanges are called <a href="/wiki/Metatarsophalangeal_joints" title="Metatarsophalangeal joints">metatarsophalangeal</a> (MTP).<sup id="cite_ref-Podiatry-Channel_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Podiatry-Channel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="dorsum"></span>Both the midfoot and forefoot constitute the <i>dorsum</i> (the area facing upward while standing) and the <i>planum</i> (the area facing downward while standing). </p><p><span class="anchor" id="instep"></span>The <i>instep</i> is the arched part of the top of the foot between the toes and the ankle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bones">Bones</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0411_FootAnatomy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Blausen_0411_FootAnatomy.png/170px-Blausen_0411_FootAnatomy.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Blausen_0411_FootAnatomy.png/255px-Blausen_0411_FootAnatomy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Blausen_0411_FootAnatomy.png/340px-Blausen_0411_FootAnatomy.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of bones in lower leg and foot</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm/220px--Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="28" data-mwtitle="Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm/Foot_Bone_Anatomy_by_Jason_Christian.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Foot bone anatomy</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibia" title="Tibia">tibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibula" title="Fibula">fibula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_(skeleton)" title="Tarsus (skeleton)">tarsus</a> (7): <a href="/wiki/Talus_bone" title="Talus bone">talus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcaneus" title="Calcaneus">calcaneus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform (anatomy)">cuneiformes</a> (3), <a href="/wiki/Cuboid_bone" title="Cuboid bone">cuboid</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Navicular_bone" title="Navicular bone">navicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatarsus">metatarsus</a> (5): <a href="/wiki/First_metatarsal_bone" title="First metatarsal bone">first</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_metatarsal_bone" title="Second metatarsal bone">second</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_metatarsal_bone" title="Third metatarsal bone">third</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fourth_metatarsal_bone" title="Fourth metatarsal bone">fourth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fifth_metatarsal_bone" title="Fifth metatarsal bone">fifth metatarsal bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanges_of_the_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Phalanges of the foot">phalanges</a> (14)</li></ul> <p>There can be many <a href="/wiki/Sesamoid_bone" title="Sesamoid bone">sesamoid bones</a> near the metatarsophalangeal joints, although they are only regularly present in the distal portion of the <a href="/wiki/First_metatarsal_bone" title="First metatarsal bone">first metatarsal bone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-220_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-220-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arches">Arches</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arches_of_the_foot" title="Arches of the foot">Arches of the foot</a></div> <p>The human foot has two <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location" title="Anatomical terms of location">longitudinal</a> arches and a transverse arch maintained by the interlocking shapes of the foot bones, strong ligaments, and pulling muscles during activity. The slight mobility of these arches when weight is applied to and removed from the foot makes walking and running more economical in terms of energy. As can be examined in a footprint, the medial longitudinal arch curves above the ground. This arch stretches from the heel bone over the "keystone" ankle bone to the three medial metatarsals. In contrast, the lateral longitudinal arch is very low. With the cuboid serving as its keystone, it redistributes part of the weight to the calcaneus and the distal end of the fifth metatarsal. The two longitudinal arches serve as pillars for the transverse arch which run obliquely across the tarsometatarsal joints. Excessive strain on the tendons and ligaments of the feet can result in fallen arches or <a href="/wiki/Flat_feet" title="Flat feet">flat feet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marieb-Hoehn-244_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marieb-Hoehn-244-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muscles">Muscles</h3></div> <p>The muscles acting on the foot can be classified into <a href="/wiki/Extrinsic_muscles" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrinsic muscles">extrinsic muscles</a>, those originating on the anterior or posterior aspect of the lower leg, and <a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_muscles" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrinsic muscles">intrinsic muscles</a>, originating on the dorsal (top) or plantar (base) aspects of the foot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Extrinsic">Extrinsic</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray437.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gray437.png/80px-Gray437.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gray437.png/120px-Gray437.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gray437.png/160px-Gray437.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Anterior leg muscles</figcaption></figure> <p>All muscles originating on the lower leg except the <a href="/wiki/Popliteus_muscle" title="Popliteus muscle">popliteus muscle</a> are attached to the bones of the foot. The tibia and fibula and the <a href="/wiki/Interosseous_membrane_of_leg" title="Interosseous membrane of leg">interosseous membrane</a> separate these muscles into anterior and posterior groups, in their turn subdivided into subgroups and layers.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-256_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-256-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Anterior_group"><i>Anterior group</i></h5></div> <p><i>Extensor group</i>: the <a href="/wiki/Tibialis_anterior_muscle" title="Tibialis anterior muscle">tibialis anterior</a> originates on the proximal half of the tibia and the <a href="/wiki/Interosseous_membrane_of_leg" title="Interosseous membrane of leg">interosseous membrane</a> and is inserted near the <a href="/wiki/Tarsometatarsal_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarsometatarsal joint">tarsometatarsal joint</a> of the first digit. In the non-weight-bearing leg, the tibialis anterior dorsiflexes the foot and lift its medial edge (<a href="/wiki/Supination" class="mw-redirect" title="Supination">supination</a>). In the weight-bearing leg, it brings the leg toward the back of the foot, like in rapid walking. The <a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum longus muscle">extensor digitorum longus</a> arises on the lateral tibial condyle and along the fibula, and is inserted on the second to fifth digits and proximally on the fifth metatarsal. The extensor digitorum longus acts similar to the tibialis anterior except that it also dorsiflexes the digits. The <a href="/wiki/Extensor_hallucis_longus_muscle" title="Extensor hallucis longus muscle">extensor hallucis longus</a> originates medially on the fibula and is inserted on the first digit. It dorsiflexes the big toe and also acts on the ankle in the unstressed leg. In the weight-bearing leg, it acts similarly to the tibialis anterior.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-258_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-258-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Peroneal group</i>: the <a href="/wiki/Peroneus_longus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Peroneus longus muscle">peroneus longus</a> arises on the proximal aspect of the fibula and <a href="/wiki/Peroneus_brevis_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Peroneus brevis muscle">peroneus brevis</a> below it. Together, their tendons pass behind the lateral <a href="/wiki/Malleolus" title="Malleolus">malleolus</a>. Distally, the peroneus longus crosses the plantar side of the foot to reach its insertion on the first tarsometatarsal joint, while the peroneus brevis reaches the proximal part of the fifth metatarsal. These two muscles are the strongest pronators and aid in plantar flexion. The peroneus longus also acts like a bowstring that braces the transverse arch of the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-260_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-260-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray438.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray438.png/100px-Gray438.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray438.png/150px-Gray438.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray438.png/200px-Gray438.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:82px;max-width:82px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray439.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gray439.png/80px-Gray439.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gray439.png/120px-Gray439.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gray439.png/160px-Gray439.png 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Deep and superficial layers of posterior leg muscles</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Posterior_group"><i>Posterior group</i></h5></div> <p>The <i>superficial layer</i> of posterior leg muscles is formed by the <a href="/wiki/Triceps_surae_muscle" title="Triceps surae muscle">triceps surae</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Plantaris_muscle" title="Plantaris muscle">plantaris</a>. The triceps surae consists of the <a href="/wiki/Soleus_muscle" title="Soleus muscle">soleus</a> and the two heads of the <a href="/wiki/Gastrocnemius_muscle" title="Gastrocnemius muscle">gastrocnemius</a>. The heads of gastrocnemius arise on the <a href="/wiki/Femur" title="Femur">femur</a>, proximal to the condyles, and the soleus arises on the proximal dorsal parts of the tibia and fibula. The tendons of these muscles merge to be inserted onto the calcaneus as the <a href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon" title="Achilles tendon">Achilles tendon</a>. The plantaris originates on the femur proximal to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and its long tendon is embedded medially into the Achilles tendon. The triceps surae is the primary plantar flexor. Its strength becomes most obvious during ballet dancing. It is fully activated only with the knee extended, because the gastrocnemius is shortened during flexion of the knee. During walking it not only lifts the heel, but also flexes the knee, assisted by the plantaris.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-262_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-262-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i>deep layer</i> of posterior muscles, the <a href="/wiki/Tibialis_posterior_muscle" title="Tibialis posterior muscle">tibialis posterior</a> arises proximally on the back of the <a href="/wiki/Interosseous_membrane_of_leg" title="Interosseous membrane of leg">interosseous membrane</a> and adjoining bones, and divides into two parts in the <a href="/wiki/Sole_(foot)" title="Sole (foot)">sole of the foot</a> to attach to the tarsus. In the non-weight-bearing leg, it produces plantar flexion and supination, and, in the weight-bearing leg, it proximates the heel to the calf. The <a href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle" title="Flexor hallucis longus muscle">flexor hallucis longus</a> arises on the back of the fibula on the lateral side, and its relatively thick muscle belly extends distally down to the <a href="/wiki/Flexor_retinaculum_of_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor retinaculum of foot">flexor retinaculum</a> where it passes over to the medial side to stretch across the sole to the distal phalanx of the first digit. The <a href="/wiki/Popliteus_muscle" title="Popliteus muscle">popliteus</a> is also part of this group, but, with its oblique course across the back of the knee, does not act on the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-264_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-264-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intrinsic">Intrinsic</h4></div> <p>On the top of the foot, the tendons of <a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum brevis muscle">extensor digitorum brevis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extensor_hallucis_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor hallucis brevis muscle">extensor hallucis brevis</a> lie deep in the system of long extrinsic extensor tendons. They both arise on the calcaneus and extend into the dorsal <a href="/wiki/Aponeurosis" title="Aponeurosis">aponeurosis</a> of digits one to four, just beyond the penultimate joints. They act to dorsiflex the digits.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-268_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-268-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to the intrinsic muscles of the hand, there are three groups of muscles in the <i>sole of foot</i>, those of the first and last digits, and a central group: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:286px;max-width:286px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:85px;max-width:85px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray443.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gray443.png/83px-Gray443.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gray443.png/125px-Gray443.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gray443.png/166px-Gray443.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray444.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray444.png/91px-Gray444.png" decoding="async" width="91" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray444.png/137px-Gray444.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray444.png/182px-Gray444.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray445.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gray445.png/100px-Gray445.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gray445.png/150px-Gray445.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gray445.png/200px-Gray445.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Plantar aspects of foot, varying depths (superficial to deep)</div></div></div></div> <p><i>Muscles of the big toe</i>: the <a href="/wiki/Abductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Abductor hallucis muscle">abductor hallucis</a> stretches medially along the border of the sole, from the calcaneus to the first digit. Below its tendon, the tendons of the long flexors pass through the <a href="/wiki/Tarsal_tunnel" title="Tarsal tunnel">tarsal canal</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Abductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Abductor hallucis muscle">abductor hallucis</a> is an abductor and a weak flexor, and also helps maintain the arch of the foot. The <a href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle" title="Flexor hallucis brevis muscle">flexor hallucis brevis</a> arises on the medial cuneiform bone and related ligaments and tendons. An important plantar flexor, it is crucial to ballet dancing. Both these muscles are inserted with two heads proximally and distally to the first <a href="/wiki/Metatarsophalangeal_joints" title="Metatarsophalangeal joints">metatarsophalangeal joint</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Adductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Adductor hallucis muscle">adductor hallucis</a> is part of this group, though it originally formed a separate system (see <a href="/wiki/Contrahens" title="Contrahens">contrahens</a>). It has two heads, the oblique head originating obliquely across the central part of the midfoot, and the transverse head originating near the metatarsophalangeal joints of digits five to three. Both heads are inserted into the lateral <a href="/wiki/Sesamoid_bone" title="Sesamoid bone">sesamoid bone</a> of the first digit. The adductor hallucis acts as a tensor of the plantar arches and also adducts the big toe and might plantar flex the proximal phalanx.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-270_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-270-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Muscles of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_toe" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth toe">little toe</a></i>: Stretching laterally from the calcaneus to the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit, the <a href="/wiki/Abductor_digiti_minimi_muscle_(foot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abductor digiti minimi muscle (foot)">abductor digiti minimi</a> form the lateral margin of the foot and are the largest of the muscles of the fifth digit. Arising from the base of the fifth metatarsal, the <a href="/wiki/Flexor_digiti_minimi_brevis_muscle_(foot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (foot)">flexor digiti minimi</a> is inserted together with abductor on the first phalanx. Often absent, the <a href="/wiki/Opponens_digiti_minimi_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Opponens digiti minimi muscle">opponens digiti minimi</a> originates near the cuboid bone and is inserted on the fifth metatarsal bone. These three muscles act to support the arch of the foot and to plantar flex the fifth digit.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-272_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-272-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:208px;max-width:208px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray446.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gray446.png/100px-Gray446.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gray446.png/150px-Gray446.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gray446.png/200px-Gray446.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray447.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray447.png/100px-Gray447.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray447.png/150px-Gray447.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray447.png/200px-Gray447.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Central muscles of foot</div></div></div></div> <p><i>Central muscle group</i>: The four <a href="/wiki/Lumbricals_of_the_foot" title="Lumbricals of the foot">lumbricals</a> arise on the medial side of the tendons of <a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_longus_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum longus muscle">flexor digitorum longus</a> and are inserted on the medial margins of the proximal phalanges. The <a href="/wiki/Quadratus_plantae_muscle" title="Quadratus plantae muscle">quadratus plantae</a> originates with two slips from the lateral and medial margins of the calcaneus and inserts into the lateral margin of the flexor digitorum tendon. It is also known as the flexor accessorius. The <a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_brevis_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum brevis muscle">flexor digitorum brevis</a> arises inferiorly on the calcaneus and its three tendons are inserted into the middle phalanges of digits two to four (sometimes also the fifth digit). These tendons divide before their insertions and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus pass through these divisions. Flexor digitorum brevis flexes the middle phalanges. It is occasionally absent. Between the toes, the <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot" title="Dorsal interossei of the foot">dorsal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plantar_interossei_muscles" title="Plantar interossei muscles">plantar interossei</a> stretch from the metatarsals to the proximal phalanges of digits two to five. The plantar interossei adduct and the dorsal interossei abduct these digits, and are also plantar flexors at the metatarsophalangeal joints.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-274_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-274-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_the_foot" title="Diseases of the foot">Diseases of the foot</a></div> <p>Due to their position and function, feet are exposed to a <a href="/wiki/List_of_disorders_of_foot_and_ankle" title="List of disorders of foot and ankle">variety</a> of potential <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Injuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Injuries">injuries</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Athlete%27s_foot" title="Athlete's foot">athlete's foot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunion" title="Bunion">bunions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingrown_nail" title="Ingrown nail">ingrown toenails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morton%27s_neuroma" title="Morton's neuroma">Morton's neuroma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plantar_fasciitis" title="Plantar fasciitis">plantar fasciitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plantar_wart" title="Plantar wart">plantar warts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stress_fracture" title="Stress fracture">stress fractures</a>. In addition, there are several <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorders</a> that can affect the shape and function of the feet, including <a href="/wiki/Clubfoot" title="Clubfoot">clubfoot</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flat_feet" title="Flat feet">flat feet</a>. </p><p>This leaves humans more vulnerable to medical problems that are caused by poor leg and foot alignments. Also, the wearing of shoes, sneakers and boots can impede proper alignment and movement within the ankle and foot. For example, <a href="/wiki/High-heeled_shoe" title="High-heeled shoe">high-heeled shoes</a> are known to throw off the <a href="/wiki/Neutral_spine" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral spine">natural weight balance</a> (this can also affect the lower back). For the sake of posture, flat soles with no heels are advised. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">doctor</a> who specializes in the treatment of the feet practices <a href="/wiki/Podiatry" title="Podiatry">podiatry</a> and is called a podiatrist. A <a href="/wiki/Pedorthist" title="Pedorthist">pedorthist</a> specializes in the use and modification of footwear to treat problems related to the lower limbs. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="fracture"></span> <a href="/wiki/Bone_fracture" title="Bone fracture">Fractures</a> of the foot include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisfranc_fracture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisfranc fracture">Lisfranc fracture</a> – in which one or all of the <a href="/wiki/Metatarsal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatarsal">metatarsals</a> are displaced from the <a href="/wiki/Tarsus_(skeleton)" title="Tarsus (skeleton)">tarsus</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_fracture" title="Jones fracture">Jones fracture</a> – a fracture of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_metatarsal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth metatarsal">fifth metatarsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_fracture" title="March fracture">March fracture</a> – a fracture of the distal third of one of the metatarsals occurring because of recurrent stress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcaneal_fracture" title="Calcaneal fracture">Calcaneal fracture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_toe" title="Broken toe">Broken toe</a> – a fracture of a phalanx</li> <li>Cuneiform fracture – Due to the ligamentous support of the midfoot, isolated cuneiform fractures are rare.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pronation">Pronation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pronation_of_the_foot" title="Pronation of the foot">Pronation of the foot</a></div> <p>In anatomy, <a href="/wiki/Pronation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronation">pronation</a> is a rotational movement of the forearm (at the radioulnar joint) or foot (at the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints). Pronation of the foot refers to how the body distributes weight as it cycles through the <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gait</a>. During the gait cycle the foot can pronate in many different ways based on rearfoot and forefoot function. Types of pronation include neutral pronation, underpronation (supination), and overpronation. </p> <dl><dt>Neutral pronation</dt></dl> <p>An individual who neutrally pronates initially strikes the ground on the <a href="/wiki/Human_Anatomical_Terms#Anatomical_directions" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Anatomical Terms">lateral</a> side of the <a href="/wiki/Heel" title="Heel">heel</a>. As the individual transfers weight from the heel to the <a href="/wiki/Metatarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatarsus">metatarsus</a>, the foot will roll in a <a href="/wiki/Human_Anatomical_Terms#Anatomical_directions" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Anatomical Terms">medial</a> direction, such that the weight is distributed evenly across the metatarsus. In this stage of the gait, the <a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knee</a> will generally, but not always, track directly over the <a href="/wiki/Toe#Hallux" title="Toe">hallux</a>. </p><p>This rolling inward motion as the foot progresses from heel to toe is the way that the body naturally absorbs shock. Neutral pronation is the most ideal, efficient type of gait when using a <a href="/wiki/Heel_strike_(gait)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heel strike (gait)">heel strike</a> gait; in a forefoot strike, the body absorbs shock instead via flexion of the foot. </p> <dl><dt>Overpronation</dt></dl> <p>As with a neutral pronator, an individual who overpronates initially strikes the ground on the lateral side of the heel. As the individual transfers weight from the heel to the metatarsus, however, the foot will roll too far in a medial direction, such that the weight is distributed unevenly across the metatarsus, with excessive weight borne on the <a href="/wiki/Toe#Hallux" title="Toe">hallux</a>. In this stage of the gait, the knee will generally, but not always, track inward. </p><p>An overpronator does not absorb shock efficiently. Imagine someone jumping onto a diving board, but the board is so flimsy that when it is struck, it bends and allows the person to plunge straight down into the water instead of back into the air. Similarly, an overpronator's arches will collapse, or the ankles will roll inward (or a combination of the two) as they cycle through the gait. An individual whose bone structure involves <a href="/wiki/External_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="External rotation">external rotation</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">hip</a>, knee, or <a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">ankle</a> will be more likely to overpronate than one whose bone structure has <a href="/wiki/Internal_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal rotation">internal rotation</a> or central alignment. An individual who overpronates tends to wear down their running shoes on the medial (inside) side of the shoe toward the toe area.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When choosing a running or walking shoe, a person with overpronation can choose shoes that have good inside support—usually by strong material at the inside sole and arch of the shoe. It is usually visible. The inside support area is marked by strong greyish material to support the weight when a person lands on the outside foot and then roll onto the inside foot. </p> <dl><dt>Underpronation (supination)</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Underpronation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Underpronation.jpg/220px-Underpronation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Underpronation.jpg/330px-Underpronation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Underpronation.jpg/440px-Underpronation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Underpronation of foot</figcaption></figure> <p>An individual who underpronates also initially strikes the ground on the lateral side of the heel. As the individual transfers weight from the heel to the metatarsus, the foot will not roll far enough in a medial direction. The weight is distributed unevenly across the metatarsus, with excessive weight borne on the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_metatarsal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth metatarsal">fifth metatarsal</a>, toward the lateral side of the foot. In this stage of the gait, the knee will generally, but not always, track laterally of the <a href="/wiki/Toe#Hallux" title="Toe">hallux</a>. </p><p>Like an overpronator, an underpronator does not absorb shock efficiently – but for the opposite reason. The underpronated foot is like a diving board that, instead of failing to spring someone in the air because it is too flimsy, fails to do so because it is too rigid. There is virtually no give. An underpronator's arches or ankles do not experience much motion as they cycle through the gait. An individual whose bone structure involves <a href="/wiki/Internal_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal rotation">internal rotation</a> at the hip, knee, or ankle will be more likely to underpronate than one whose bone structure has external rotation or central alignment. Usually – but not always – those who are <a href="/wiki/Bow-legged" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow-legged">bow-legged</a> tend to underpronate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="some sources say instead that those who are bow-legged tend to overpronate (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An individual who underpronates tends to wear down their running shoes on the lateral (outside) side of the shoe toward the rear of the shoe in the heel area.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_the_home_and_houses_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradition of removing shoes in the home and houses of worship">Tradition of removing shoes in the home and houses of worship</a></div> <p>Humans usually wear <a href="/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe">shoes</a> or similar footwear for protection from hazards when walking outside. There are a number of contexts where it is considered inappropriate to wear shoes. Some people consider it rude to wear shoes into a house and sacred places in multiple cultures like <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> <a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">Marae</a>, which should only be entered with bare feet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a> is the most common sexual fetish.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Comparative_foot_morphology" title="Comparative foot morphology">Comparative foot morphology</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Paw" title="Paw">paw</a> is the soft foot of a mammal, generally a quadruped, that has claws or nails (e.g., a cat or dog's paw). A hard foot is called a <a href="/wiki/Hoof" title="Hoof">hoof</a>. Depending on style of locomotion, animals can be classified as <a href="/wiki/Plantigrade" title="Plantigrade">plantigrade</a> (sole walking), <a href="/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade">digitigrade</a> (toe walking), or <a href="/wiki/Unguligrade" class="mw-redirect" title="Unguligrade">unguligrade</a> (nail walking). </p><p>The metatarsals are the bones that make up the main part of the foot in humans, and part of the leg in large animals or paw in smaller animals. The number of metatarsals are directly related to the mode of locomotion with many larger animals having their digits reduced to two (<a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow">cow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>) or one (<a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a>). The metatarsal bones of feet and paws are tightly grouped compared to, most notably, the human hand where the thumb metacarpal diverges from the rest of the metacarpus.<sup id="cite_ref-France-537_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-537-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metaphorical_and_cultural_usage">Metaphorical and cultural usage</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Study_of_a_pair_of_feet_crossed_at_the_ankles_RMG_PY5986.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Study_of_a_pair_of_feet_crossed_at_the_ankles_RMG_PY5986.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Study_of_a_pair_of_feet_crossed_at_the_ankles_RMG_PY5986.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Study_of_a_pair_of_feet_crossed_at_the_ankles_RMG_PY5986.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Study_of_a_pair_of_feet_crossed_at_the_ankles_RMG_PY5986.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Study_of_a_pair_of_feet_crossed_at_the_ankles_RMG_PY5986.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Study_of_a_pair_of_feet_crossed_at_the_ankles_RMG_PY5986.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3917" data-file-height="2928" /></a><figcaption>Study of a pair of feet crossed, 1847, by Margaret Louisa Herschel, daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_Greenwich" title="Royal Museums Greenwich">Royal Museums Greenwich</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The word "foot" is used to refer to a "...linear measure was in Old English (the exact length has varied over time), this being considered the length of a man's foot; a unit of measure used widely and anciently. In this sense the plural is often foot. The current inch and foot are implied from measurements in 12c."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "foot" also has a musical meaning; a "...metrical foot (late Old English, translating Latin pes, Greek pous in the same sense) is commonly taken to represent one rise and one fall of a foot: keeping time according to some, dancing according to others."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word "foot" was used in Middle English to mean "a person" (c. 1200).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expression "...to put one's best foot foremost first recorded 1849 (Shakespeare has the better foot before, 1596)".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expression to "...put one's foot in (one's) mouth "say something stupid" was first used in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expression "put (one's) foot in something" meaning to "make a mess of it" was used in 1823.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word "footloose" was first used in the 1690s, meaning "free to move the feet, unshackled"; the figurative sense of "free to act as one pleases" was first used in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like "footloose", "flat-footed" at first had its obvious literal meaning (in 1600, it meant "with flat feet") but by 1912 it meant "unprepared" (U.S. baseball slang).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_(foot)" title="Ball (foot)">Ball (foot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barefoot" title="Barefoot">Barefoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orthotics" title="Comparison of orthotics">Comparison of orthotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_feet" title="Flat feet">Flat feet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_binding" title="Foot binding">Foot binding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_gymnastics" title="Foot gymnastics">Foot gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gait_analysis" title="Gait analysis">Gait analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedobarography" title="Pedobarography">Pedobarography</a> (foot pressure analysis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes_cavus" title="Pes cavus">Pes cavus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runner%27s_toe" class="mw-redirect" title="Runner's toe">Runner's toe</a>, repetitive injury seen in runners</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_position" title="Squatting position">Squatting position</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/foot#etymonline_v_11759">"Foot"</a>. <i>etymonline.com</i>. Online Etymology Dictionary<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etymonline.com&rft.atitle=Foot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Ffoot%23etymonline_v_11759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFoot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Podiatry-Channel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Podiatry-Channel_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Podiatry-Channel_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Podiatry-Channel_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Podiatry-Channel_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Podiatry Channel, <i>Anatomy of the foot and ankle</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawes_MR,_Sovak_D1994" class="citation journal cs1">Hawes MR, Sovak D (July 1994). "Quantitative morphology of the human foot in a North American population". <i>Ergonomics</i>. <b>37</b> (7): 1213–26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00140139408964899">10.1080/00140139408964899</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8050406">8050406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Quantitative+morphology+of+the+human+foot+in+a+North+American+population&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1213-26&rft.date=1994-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00140139408964899&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8050406&rft.au=Hawes+MR%2C+Sovak+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFoot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-220-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-220_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platzer 2004, p. 220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marieb-Hoehn-244-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marieb-Hoehn-244_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mareb-Hoehn 2007, pp. 244–45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-256-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-256_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platzer 2004, p. 256</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-258-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-258_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platzer 2004, p. 258</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-260-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-260_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platzer 2004, p. 260</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-262-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-262_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platzer 2004, p. 262</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-264-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-264_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platzer 2004, p. 264</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-268-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-268_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platzer 2004, p. 268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-270-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-270_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platzer 2004, pp. 270–72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-272-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-272_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platzer 2004, p. 272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-274-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-274_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Platzer 2004, p. 274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Lisfranc%27s+fracture">TheFreeDictionary > Lisfranc's fracture</a> Citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMabry_LMPatti_TNRoss_MDBleakley_CM2021" class="citation journal cs1">Mabry LM; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rex+Ryan%27s+Apparent+Foot+Fetish+Not+Necessarily+Unhealthy&rft.pub=Abcnews.go.com&rft.date=2010-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FHealth%2Frex-ryans-foot-video-not-necessarily-unhealthy%2Fstory%3Fid%3D12467617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFoot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101215643/http://www.chaimedia.com/list/197.html">"Top 10 Most Common Fetishes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaimedia.com/list/197.html">the original</a> on 1 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+10+Most+Common+Fetishes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaimedia.com%2Flist%2F197.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFoot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-France-537-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-France-537_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">France 2008, p. 537</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance2008" class="citation book cs1">France, Diane L. 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class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/foot">foot</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_regional_anatomy" title="Template:Human regional anatomy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_regional_anatomy" title="Template talk:Human regional anatomy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_regional_anatomy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human regional anatomy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_regional_anatomy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_body#Regional_groups" title="Human body">Human regional anatomy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">Body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">Skin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_head" title="Human head">Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face" title="Face">Face</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forehead" title="Forehead">Forehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheek" title="Cheek">Cheek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin" title="Chin">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">Eyebrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">Eyelid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">Lip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">Tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">Tooth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw">Jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">Mandible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_bone" title="Occipital bone">Occiput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalp" title="Scalp">Scalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)" title="Temple (anatomy)">Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_apple" title="Adam's apple">Adam's apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throat" title="Throat">Throat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nape" title="Nape">Nape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">Torso</a> (Trunk)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waist" title="Waist">Waist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midriff" title="Midriff">Midriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">Navel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">Vertebral column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">Nipple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">Pelvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">Genitalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">Penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">Scrotum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">Vulva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">Limbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">Arm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axilla" title="Axilla">Axilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">Elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">Wrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Fingernail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumb" title="Thumb">Thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_finger" title="Index finger">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_finger" title="Middle finger">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_finger" title="Ring finger">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_finger" title="Little finger">Little</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Leg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">Buttocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">Hip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">Thigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">Knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_(leg)" title="Calf (leg)">Calf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">Ankle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heel" title="Heel">Heel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe" title="Toe">Toe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Toenail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(foot)" title="Sole (foot)">Sole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muscles_of_the_hip_and_human_leg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscles_of_the_lower_limb" title="Template:Muscles of the lower limb"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muscles_of_the_lower_limb" title="Template talk:Muscles of the lower limb"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles_of_the_lower_limb" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles of the lower limb"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muscles_of_the_hip_and_human_leg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muscles_of_the_hip" title="Muscles of the hip">Muscles of the hip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">human leg</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ilium_(bone)" title="Ilium (bone)">Iliac region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iliopsoas" title="Iliopsoas">Iliopsoas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psoas_major_muscle" title="Psoas major muscle">Psoas major</a>/<a href="/wiki/Psoas_minor_muscle" title="Psoas minor muscle">Psoas minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliacus_muscle" title="Iliacus muscle">Iliacus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">Buttocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gluteal_muscles" title="Gluteal muscles">Gluteal muscles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gluteus_maximus" title="Gluteus maximus">Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluteus_medius" title="Gluteus medius">Medius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluteus_minimus" title="Gluteus minimus">Minimus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensor_fasciae_latae_muscle" title="Tensor fasciae latae muscle">Tensor fasciae latae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Lateral_rotator_group" title="Lateral rotator group">Lateral rotator group</a>:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_femoris_muscle" title="Quadratus femoris muscle">Quadratus femoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemelli_muscles" title="Gemelli muscles">Inferior gemellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_gemellus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior gemellus muscle">Superior gemellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_obturator_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal obturator muscle">Internal obturator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_obturator_muscle" title="External obturator muscle">External obturator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piriformis_muscle" title="Piriformis muscle">Piriformis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">Thigh</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Fascial_compartments_of_thigh" title="Fascial compartments of thigh">compartments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_compartment_of_thigh" title="Anterior compartment of thigh">Anterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sartorius_muscle" title="Sartorius muscle">Sartorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadriceps_femoris_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadriceps femoris muscle">Quadriceps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rectus_femoris_muscle" title="Rectus femoris muscle">Rectus femoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastus_lateralis_muscle" title="Vastus lateralis muscle">Vastus lateralis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastus_intermedius_muscle" title="Vastus intermedius muscle">Vastus intermedius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastus_medialis" title="Vastus medialis">Vastus medialis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articularis_genus_muscle" title="Articularis genus muscle">Articularis genus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_thigh" title="Posterior compartment of thigh">Posterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamstring" title="Hamstring">Hamstring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biceps_femoris_muscle" title="Biceps femoris muscle">Biceps femoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semitendinosus_muscle" title="Semitendinosus muscle">Semitendinosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semimembranosus_muscle" title="Semimembranosus muscle">Semimembranosus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medial_compartment_of_thigh" title="Medial compartment of thigh">Medial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pectineus_muscle" title="Pectineus muscle">Pectineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_obturator_muscle" title="External obturator muscle">External obturator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracilis_muscle" title="Gracilis muscle">Gracilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_muscles_of_the_hip" title="Adductor muscles of the hip">Adductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_longus_muscle" title="Adductor longus muscle">Longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_brevis_muscle" title="Adductor brevis muscle">Brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_magnus_muscle" title="Adductor magnus muscle">Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_minimus_muscle" title="Adductor minimus muscle">Minimus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Femoral_sheath" title="Femoral sheath">Femoral sheath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Femoral_canal" title="Femoral canal">Femoral canal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femoral_ring" title="Femoral ring">Femoral ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_canal" title="Adductor canal">Adductor canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_hiatus" title="Adductor hiatus">Adductor hiatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_lacuna" title="Muscular lacuna">Muscular lacuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Fascia_lata" title="Fascia lata">Fascia lata</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iliotibial_tract" title="Iliotibial tract">Iliotibial tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_intermuscular_septum_of_thigh" title="Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh">Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_intermuscular_septum_of_thigh" title="Medial intermuscular septum of thigh">Medial intermuscular septum of thigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cribriform_fascia" title="Cribriform fascia">Cribriform fascia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Leg</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Fascial_compartments_of_leg" title="Fascial compartments of leg">compartments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_compartment_of_leg" title="Anterior compartment of leg">Anterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibialis_anterior_muscle" title="Tibialis anterior muscle">Tibialis anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_hallucis_longus_muscle" title="Extensor hallucis longus muscle">Extensor hallucis longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum longus muscle">Extensor digitorum longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibularis_tertius" title="Fibularis tertius">Fibularis (peroneus) tertius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_leg" title="Posterior compartment of leg">Posterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Superficial</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triceps_surae_muscle" title="Triceps surae muscle">Triceps surae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrocnemius_muscle" title="Gastrocnemius muscle">Gastrocnemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soleus_muscle" title="Soleus muscle">Soleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accessory_soleus_muscle" title="Accessory soleus muscle">Accessory soleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon" title="Achilles tendon">Achilles tendon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantaris_muscle" title="Plantaris muscle">Plantaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Deep</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarsal_tunnel" title="Tarsal tunnel">tarsal tunnel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle" title="Flexor hallucis longus muscle">Flexor hallucis longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_longus_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum longus muscle">Flexor digitorum longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibialis_posterior_muscle" title="Tibialis posterior muscle">Tibialis posterior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popliteus_muscle" title="Popliteus muscle">Popliteus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_compartment_of_leg" title="Lateral compartment of leg">Lateral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibularis_muscles" title="Fibularis muscles">Fibularis (peroneus) muscles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibularis_longus" title="Fibularis longus">Longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibularis_brevis" title="Fibularis brevis">Brevis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pes_anserinus_(leg)" title="Pes anserinus (leg)">Pes anserinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_fascia_of_leg" title="Deep fascia of leg">Intermuscular septa</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_intermuscular_septum_of_leg" title="Anterior intermuscular septum of leg">Anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_intermuscular_septum_of_leg" title="Posterior intermuscular septum of leg">Posterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_transverse_fascia" title="Deep transverse fascia">Transverse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dorsal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_hallucis_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor hallucis brevis muscle">Extensor hallucis brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum brevis muscle">Extensor digitorum brevis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plantar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>1st layer</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Abductor hallucis muscle">Abductor hallucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_brevis_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum brevis muscle">Flexor digitorum brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abductor_digiti_minimi_muscle_of_foot" title="Abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot">Abductor digiti minimi</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>2nd layer</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_plantae_muscle" title="Quadratus plantae muscle">Quadratus plantae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbricals_of_the_foot" title="Lumbricals of the foot">Lumbrical muscle</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>3rd layer</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle" title="Flexor hallucis brevis muscle">Flexor hallucis brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Adductor hallucis muscle">Adductor hallucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_digiti_minimi_brevis_muscle_(foot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (foot)">Flexor digiti minimi brevis</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>4th layer</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot" title="Dorsal interossei of the foot">Dorsal interossei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantar_interossei_muscles" title="Plantar interossei muscles">Plantar interossei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plantar_fascia" title="Plantar fascia">Plantar fascia</a></li> <li>retinacula <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peroneal_retinacula" class="mw-redirect" title="Peroneal retinacula">Peroneal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_extensor_retinaculum_of_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior extensor retinaculum of foot">Inferior extensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_extensor_retinaculum_of_foot" title="Superior extensor retinaculum of foot">Superior extensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_retinaculum_of_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor retinaculum of foot">Flexor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15807#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15807#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15807#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4018967-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Foot"><a rel="nofollow" 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