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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cretan hieroglyphs</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kretensiese_hi%C3%ABrogliewe" title="Kretensiese hiërogliewe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kretensiese hiërogliewe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krit_heroqlifl%C9%99ri" title="Krit heroqlifləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Krit heroqlifləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Крыцкае палацавае пісьмо – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крыцкае палацавае пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerogl%C3%ADfics_de_Creta" title="Jeroglífics de Creta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jeroglífics de Creta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A9tsk%C3%A9_hieroglyfy" title="Krétské hieroglyfy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krétské hieroglyfy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kretische_Hieroglyphen" title="Kretische Hieroglyphen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kretische Hieroglyphen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Κρητικά ιερογλυφικά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρητικά ιερογλυφικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerogl%C3%ADfico_cretense" title="Jeroglífico cretense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jeroglífico cretense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%A9roglyphes_cr%C3%A9tois" title="Hiéroglyphes crétois – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hiéroglyphes crétois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="क्रीटी लिपि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रीटी लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglif_Kreta" title="Hieroglif Kreta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hieroglif Kreta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geroglifico_cretese" title="Geroglifico cretese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geroglifico cretese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Критски хиероглифи – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Критски хиероглифи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%BF%E8%81%96%E5%88%BB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="クレタ聖刻文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クレタ聖刻文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krete%C5%84skie_pismo_hieroglificzne" title="Kreteńskie pismo hieroglificzne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kreteńskie pismo hieroglificzne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hier%C3%B3glifos_minoicos" title="Hieróglifos minoicos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hieróglifos minoicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%8B" title="Критские иероглифы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Критские иероглифы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cretan hieroglyphs" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreetalaiset_hieroglyfit" title="Kreetalaiset hieroglyfit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kreetalaiset hieroglyfit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girit_Hiyeroglifleri" title="Girit Hiyeroglifleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Girit Hiyeroglifleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96%D1%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Критські ієрогліфи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Критські ієрогліфи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q966893#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Undecyphered bronze-age Cretan writing system</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:gainsboro;">Cretan hieroglyphs<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pini-plombe-orig-II2_316d_3.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pini-plombe-orig-II2_316d_3.2.jpg/220px-Pini-plombe-orig-II2_316d_3.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pini-plombe-orig-II2_316d_3.2.jpg/330px-Pini-plombe-orig-II2_316d_3.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pini-plombe-orig-II2_316d_3.2.jpg/440px-Pini-plombe-orig-II2_316d_3.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="531" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">A green <a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">jasper</a> <a href="/wiki/Minoan_seals" title="Minoan seals">Minoan seal</a> with Cretan hieroglyphs, 1800 BC</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> Undeciphered </div> (presumed <a href="/wiki/Ideographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideographic">ideographic</a>, possibly with a <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabic</a> component)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Minoan_chronology" title="Minoan chronology">MM I to MM III</a> 2100–1700 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Extinct</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q966893?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown; possibly "<a href="/wiki/Minoan_language" title="Minoan language">Minoan</a>"</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-writing" title="Proto-writing">Proto-writing</a><ul><li>Cretan hieroglyphs</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sister systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cretan hieroglyphs</b> are a <a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic">hieroglyphic</a> <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a> used in early <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan era</a>. They predate <a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a> by about a century, but the two writing systems continued to be used in parallel for most of their history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYule1981170–171_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYule1981170–171-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, they are undeciphered.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corpus">Corpus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Corpus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 1989, the corpus of Cretan hieroglyphic inscriptions included two parts: </p> <ul><li>Seals and sealings, 150 documents with 307 sign-groups, using 832 signs in all.</li> <li>Other documents on clay, 120 documents with 274 sign-groups, using 723 signs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivier1990_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier1990-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>More documents, such as those from the <a href="/wiki/Petras" title="Petras">Petras</a> deposit, have been published since then. A four sided prism was found in 2011 at <a href="/wiki/Vrysinas" title="Vrysinas">Vrysinas</a> in western Crete.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallagerPapadopoulouTzachili2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallagerPapadopoulouTzachili2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These inscriptions were mainly excavated at four locations: </p> <ul><li>"Quartier Mu" at <a href="/wiki/Malia_(archaeological_site)" title="Malia (archaeological site)">Malia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization#Middle_Minoan" title="Minoan civilization">Middle Minoan II period</a> = MM II)</li> <li>Malia palace (MM III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a> (MM II or III)</li> <li>the Petras deposit (MM IIB), 12 clay documents, 5 seal impressions, and 6 seals, excavated starting in 1995 and published in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsipopoulouHallager2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsipopoulouHallager2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The first corpus of signs was published by Evans in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1909_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current corpus (which excludes some of Evan's signs) was published in 1996 as the <i>Corpus Hieroglyphicarum Inscriptionum Cretae</i> (<i>CHIC</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivierGodart1996_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivierGodart1996-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of: </p> <ul><li>clay documents with incised inscriptions (CHIC H: 1–122)</li> <li>sealstone impressions (CHIC I: 123–179)</li> <li>sealstones (CHIC S: 180–314)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Malia_altar_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Malia altar stone">Malia altar stone</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Arkalochori_Axe" title="Arkalochori Axe">Arkalochori Axe</a></li> <li>seal fragment HM 992, showing a single symbol, identical to <a href="/wiki/Phaistos_Disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaistos Disk">Phaistos Disk</a> glyph 21.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanavia2017_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanavia2017-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The relation of the last two items with the script of the main corpus is uncertain; the Malia altar is listed as part of the Hieroglyphic corpus by most researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonald1999_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonald1999-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the publication of the CHIC in 1996 refinements and changes have been proposed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJasink2009_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJasink2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontecchiFerraraValério2021_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontecchiFerraraValério2021-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main issue is that a number of symbols found on sealstones, tending to be more image-based, were deemed as purely decorative and not included in the sign list (or are transcribed when read). The concern is that this process may have resulted in actual signs being deprecated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKantaPalaimaPerna2022_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKantaPalaimaPerna2022-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerraraMontecchiValério2023_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerraraMontecchiValério2023-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Cretan Hieroglyphic (as well as Linear A) inscriptions were also found on the island of <a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a> in the northeastern Aegean.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelberg1998265–272_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelberg1998265–272-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars have suggested relations to <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian hieroglyphs</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The overlaps between the Cretan script and other scripts, such as the hieroglyphic scripts of Cyprus and the Hittite lands of Anatolia, may suggest ... that they all evolved from a common ancestor, a now-lost script perhaps originating in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastleden2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidg8eIAgAAQBAJpgPA100_100]_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastleden2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidg8eIAgAAQBAJpgPA100_100]-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>New exemplars continue to be found. During recent excavation at the Neopalatial area of the Cult Centre of the City of Knossos a seal stone was found in a foundation deposit. The steatite seal had four inscribed faces and the deposit dated to Final Palatial Period into LM III B. The room where the deposit was found had a "religious sceptre" inscribed all over with Linear A. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKantaPalaimaPerna2022_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKantaPalaimaPerna2022-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Zakros" title="Zakros">Zakros</a> three sealings inscribed with Cretan hieroglyphs were found in the same deposit with a Linear A tablet and a <a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a> inscribed roundel. The deposit was in a destruction layer dated between layers LM IA and LM IB.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs">Signs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Signs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archanes_Script,_2100-1800_BC,_AMH,_Sk_2260,_144882.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Archanes_Script%2C_2100-1800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_Sk_2260%2C_144882.jpg/220px-Archanes_Script%2C_2100-1800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_Sk_2260%2C_144882.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Archanes_Script%2C_2100-1800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_Sk_2260%2C_144882.jpg/330px-Archanes_Script%2C_2100-1800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_Sk_2260%2C_144882.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Archanes_Script%2C_2100-1800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_Sk_2260%2C_144882.jpg/440px-Archanes_Script%2C_2100-1800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_Sk_2260%2C_144882.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4188" data-file-height="2792" /></a><figcaption>The Archanes Script. MM IA / MMIB, 2100–1800 BC. <a href="/wiki/Archanes" title="Archanes">Archanes</a> type of Cretan hieroglyphs. Archanes Phourni. Archaeological Museum of Heraklion</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cretan_hieroglyphs2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cretan_hieroglyphs2.png/220px-Cretan_hieroglyphs2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cretan_hieroglyphs2.png/330px-Cretan_hieroglyphs2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cretan_hieroglyphs2.png/440px-Cretan_hieroglyphs2.png 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>Cretan hieroglyphs (1900–1600 BC) on a clay bar from Malia or Knossos, <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>. As exhibited at <a href="/wiki/Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum" title="Heraklion Archaeological Museum">Heraklion Archaeological Museum</a>, Crete, Greece. Dots represent numerals</figcaption></figure> <p>Symbol inventories have been compiled by <a href="#CITEREFEvans1909">Evans (1909)</a>, <a href="#CITEREFMeijer1982">Meijer (1982)</a>, and <a href="#CITEREFOlivierGodart1996">Olivier & Godart (1996)</a>. </p><p>The glyph inventory in CHIC includes 96 <a href="/wiki/Syllabograms" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllabograms">syllabograms</a> representing sounds, ten of which double as <a href="/wiki/Logograms" class="mw-redirect" title="Logograms">logograms</a>, representing words or portions of words. </p><p>There are also 23 logograms representing four levels of numerals (units, tens, hundreds, thousands), nine signs for numerical fractions, and two types of punctuation.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many symbols have apparent <a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a> counterparts, so that it is tempting to insert <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> sound values. Moreover, there are multiple parallels (words and phrases) from hieroglyphic inscriptions that occur also in Linear A and/or B in similar contexts (words for "total", toponyms, personal names etc.)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarnava1999_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarnava1999-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been suggested<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (August 2022)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> that several signs were influenced by Egyptian hieroglyphs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoudhuizen2002_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoudhuizen2002-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBest2002_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBest2002-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology">Chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_palace_of_Minos_-_a_comparative_account_of_the_successive_stages_of_the_early_Cretan_civilization_as_illustrated_by_the_discoveries_at_Knossos_(1921)_(14771199524).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/The_palace_of_Minos_-_a_comparative_account_of_the_successive_stages_of_the_early_Cretan_civilization_as_illustrated_by_the_discoveries_at_Knossos_%281921%29_%2814771199524%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/The_palace_of_Minos_-_a_comparative_account_of_the_successive_stages_of_the_early_Cretan_civilization_as_illustrated_by_the_discoveries_at_Knossos_%281921%29_%2814771199524%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/The_palace_of_Minos_-_a_comparative_account_of_the_successive_stages_of_the_early_Cretan_civilization_as_illustrated_by_the_discoveries_at_Knossos_%281921%29_%2814771199524%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption>Cretan hieroglyphics as seen in seals (A) and tablets (B).</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Minoan_chronology" title="Minoan chronology">Minoan chronology</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Linear_A#Chronology" title="Linear A">Chronology of Linear A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linear_B#Chronology" title="Linear B">Chronology of Linear B</a></div> <p>The development of hieroglyphs passed three important stages: </p> <ul><li>Archanes script (signs look like pictograms, although their number and frequency rather suggest a syllabic script); this script was only described as a distinct stage in development of the Cretan hieroglyphic in the 1980s. Most of these seals contain a repetitive "Archanes formula" of 2–3 signs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDecorte2018_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDecorte2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hieroglyphic A (best represented in archaeological records; similar to Archanes, but images of animals are reduced to heads only)</li> <li>Hieroglyphic B (mostly on clay, characters are essentially simplified, may have served as a prototype for Linear A and possibly the Cypro-Minoan script). Only this latter version of the hieroglyphic includes signs that can possibly match ideograms known from Linear A.</li></ul> <p>The sequence and the geographical spread of Cretan hieroglyphs, Linear A, and Linear B, the five overlapping, but distinct, writing systems of Bronze Age Crete and the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mainland" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek mainland">Greek mainland</a> can be summarized as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivier1986377–389_(377f.)_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier1986377–389_(377f.)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1px; border:1px solid #ccc;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> <th>Writing system </th> <th>Geographical area </th> <th>Time span<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Cretan Hieroglyphic </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> (eastward from the Knossos-Phaistos axis) </td> <td>c. 2100–1700 BC<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastleden2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidg8eIAgAAQBAJpgPA100_100]_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastleden2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidg8eIAgAAQBAJpgPA100_100]-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidzcXH52jICOECpgPT55_55–]_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidzcXH52jICOECpgPT55_55–]-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> (except extreme southwest), <a href="/wiki/Aegean_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegean islands">Aegean islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kea_(island)" title="Kea (island)">Kea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kythera" class="mw-redirect" title="Kythera">Kythera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melos" class="mw-redirect" title="Melos">Melos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Thera</a>), and Greek mainland (<a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>) </td> <td>c. 1800–1450 BC<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaarmann2008_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarmann2008-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedmond2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidK2zOhNL5skcCpgPA2_2–]_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedmond2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidK2zOhNL5skcCpgPA2_2–]-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJahandarie1999[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0R52Nzw_0c4CpgPA200_200–]_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJahandarie1999[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0R52Nzw_0c4CpgPA200_200–]-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatley2008[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidLb7jyuLpd0YCpgPA381_381–]_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatley2008[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidLb7jyuLpd0YCpgPA381_381–]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> (<a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Greece">mainland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">Pylos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thebes_(Boeotia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Thebes (Boeotia)">Thebes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiryns" title="Tiryns">Tiryns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agios_Vasileios,_Laconia" title="Agios Vasileios, Laconia">Agios Vasileios</a> – the ancient name of the latter is unknown) </td> <td>c. 1450–1200 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td> <td>c. 1550–1050 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td> <td>c. 11th–4th centuries BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonts">Fonts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fonts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Aegean</i> and <i>Cretan Hieroglyphs</i> fonts support Cretan hieroglyphs.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eteocretan_language" title="Eteocretan language">Eteocretan language</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beginning date refers to first attestations, the assumed origins of all scripts lie further back in the past.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYule1981170–171-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYule1981170–171_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYule1981">Yule (1981)</a>, pp. 170–171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/991459/1/Cretan%20Hieroglyphic_CUP_INTRO.pdf">[1]</a>Civitillo, Matilde, Silvia Ferrara, and Torsten Meissner, Introduction", in The Earliest Script on Crete: Semiotics, Linguistics, Archaeology and Palaeography, Cretan Hieroglyphic, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-12, 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier1990-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivier1990_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivier1990">Olivier (1990)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallagerPapadopoulouTzachili2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallagerPapadopoulouTzachili2012_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallagerPapadopoulouTzachili2012">Hallager, Papadopoulou & Tzachili (2012)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsipopoulouHallager2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsipopoulouHallager2010_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTsipopoulouHallager2010">Tsipopoulou & Hallager (2010)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1909-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1909_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans1909">Evans (1909)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivierGodart1996-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivierGodart1996_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivierGodart1996">Olivier & Godart (1996)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanavia2017-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanavia2017_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanavia2017">Sanavia (2017)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonald1999-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonald1999_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacdonald1999">Macdonald (1999)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJasink2009-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJasink2009_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJasink2009">Jasink (2009)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontecchiFerraraValério2021-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontecchiFerraraValério2021_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontecchiFerraraValério2021">Montecchi, Ferrara & Valério (2021)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKantaPalaimaPerna2022-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKantaPalaimaPerna2022_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKantaPalaimaPerna2022_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKantaPalaimaPerna2022">Kanta, Palaima & Perna (2022)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerraraMontecchiValério2023-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerraraMontecchiValério2023_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerraraMontecchiValério2023">Ferrara, Montecchi & Valério (2023)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelberg1998265–272-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelberg1998265–272_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkelberg1998">Finkelberg (1998)</a>, pp. 265–272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastleden2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidg8eIAgAAQBAJpgPA100_100]-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastleden2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidg8eIAgAAQBAJpgPA100_100]_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastleden2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidg8eIAgAAQBAJpgPA100_100]_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastleden2002">Castleden (2002)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g8eIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA100">100</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. G. Hogarth, "The Zakro Sealings", JHS 22, pp. 76-93, 1902</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perna, Massimo, "The Roundel in Linear A from Zakro Wc 2 (HM 84)", Kadmos 33.1, pp. 29-37, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nosch, Marie-Louise, et al., "The materiality of the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script: textile production-related referents to Hieroglyphic signs on seals and sealings from Middle Bronze Age Crete", The social and cultural contexts of historic writing practices. Contexts of and relations between writing systems 2, pp. 73-100, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarnava1999-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarnava1999_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarnava1999">Karnava (1999)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoudhuizen2002-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoudhuizen2002_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoudhuizen2002">Woudhuizen (2002)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBest2002-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBest2002_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBest2002">Best (2002)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDecorte2018-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDecorte2018_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDecorte2018">Decorte (2018)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivier1986377–389_(377f.)-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivier1986377–389_(377f.)_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivier1986">Olivier (1986)</a>, pp. 377–389 (377f.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidzcXH52jICOECpgPT55_55–]-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidzcXH52jICOECpgPT55_55–]_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobinson2009">Robinson (2009)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zcXH52jICOEC&pg=PT55">55–</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaarmann2008-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaarmann2008_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaarmann2008">Haarmann (2008)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedmond2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidK2zOhNL5skcCpgPA2_2–]-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedmond2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidK2zOhNL5skcCpgPA2_2–]_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedmond2007">Redmond (2007)</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K2zOhNL5skcC&pg=PA2">2–</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJahandarie1999[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0R52Nzw_0c4CpgPA200_200–]-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJahandarie1999[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0R52Nzw_0c4CpgPA200_200–]_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJahandarie1999">Jahandarie (1999)</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0R52Nzw_0c4C&pg=PA200">200–</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheatley2008[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidLb7jyuLpd0YCpgPA381_381–]-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheatley2008[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidLb7jyuLpd0YCpgPA381_381–]_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheatley2008">Wheatley (2008)</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lb7jyuLpd0YC&pg=PA381">381–</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dn-works.com/ufas/">Unicode Fonts for Ancient Scripts</a> by George Douros</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBest2002" class="citation journal cs1">Best, Jan (2002). "The Lotus Flower in Cretan Hieroglyphic". <i>Kadmos</i>. <b>41</b> (1): 131–136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fkadm.2002.41.s1.131">10.1515/kadm.2002.41.s1.131</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-7498">0022-7498</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162230027">162230027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kadmos&rft.atitle=The+Lotus+Flower+in+Cretan+Hieroglyphic&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=131-136&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162230027%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-7498&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fkadm.2002.41.s1.131&rft.aulast=Best&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastleden2002" class="citation book cs1">Castleden, Rodney (2002). <i>Minoans</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134880642" title="Special:BookSources/1134880642"><bdi>1134880642</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minoans&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1134880642&rft.aulast=Castleden&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDecorte2018" class="citation journal cs1">Decorte, Roeland P.-J. E. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fojoa.12152">"The First 'European' Writing: Redefining the Archanes Script"</a>. <i>Oxford Journal of Archaeology</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 341–372. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fojoa.12152">10.1111/ojoa.12152</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0262-5253">0262-5253</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59417289">59417289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+First+%27European%27+Writing%3A+Redefining+the+Archanes+Script&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=341-372&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A59417289%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0262-5253&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fojoa.12152&rft.aulast=Decorte&rft.aufirst=Roeland+P.-J.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fojoa.12152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1909" class="citation book cs1">Evans, A. J. (1909). <i>Scripta Minoa: The Written Documents of Minoan Crete with Special Reference to the Archives of Knossos. Vol. I. The Hieroglyphic and Primitive Linear Classes with an Account of the Discovery of the Pre-Phoenician Scripts, their Place in Minoan Story and their Mediterranean Relations</i>. Oxford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scripta+Minoa%3A+The+Written+Documents+of+Minoan+Crete+with+Special+Reference+to+the+Archives+of+Knossos.+Vol.+I.+The+Hieroglyphic+and+Primitive+Linear+Classes+with+an+Account+of+the+Discovery+of+the+Pre-Phoenician+Scripts%2C+their+Place+in+Minoan+Story+and+their+Mediterranean+Relations&rft.place=Oxford&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerraraMontecchiValério2023" class="citation journal cs1">Ferrara, Silvia; Montecchi, Barbara; Valério, Miguel (May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fojoa.12265">"In Search of Lost Signs: A New Approach to the Issue of Writing and Non-Writing on Cretan Hieroglyphic Seals"</a>. <i>Oxford Journal of Archaeology</i>. <b>42</b> (2): 107–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fojoa.12265">10.1111/ojoa.12265</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0262-5253">0262-5253</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:258091270">258091270</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+Lost+Signs%3A+A+New+Approach+to+the+Issue+of+Writing+and+Non-Writing+on+Cretan+Hieroglyphic+Seals&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=107-130&rft.date=2023-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A258091270%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0262-5253&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fojoa.12265&rft.aulast=Ferrara&rft.aufirst=Silvia&rft.au=Montecchi%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Val%C3%A9rio%2C+Miguel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fojoa.12265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelberg1998" class="citation conference cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margalit_Finkelberg" title="Margalit Finkelberg">Finkelberg, Margalit</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319053424/http://www2.ulg.ac.be/archgrec/IMG/aegeum/aegaeum18(pdf)/31%20Finkelberg.pdf">"Bronze Age Writing: Contacts between East and West"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens, 9. Athens: Aarhus University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7934-293-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7934-293-4"><bdi>978-87-7934-293-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hieroglyphic+Archive+at+Petras%2C+Siteia+%28with+contributions+by+Cesare+D%27Annibale+%26+Dimitra+Mylona%29&rft.place=Athens&rft.series=Monographs+of+the+Danish+Institute+at+Athens%2C+9&rft.pub=Aarhus+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-87-7934-293-4&rft.aulast=Tsipopoulou&rft.aufirst=Metaxia&rft.au=Hallager%2C+Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpetras-excavations.gr%2Fsites%2Fpetras-excavations.gr%2Ffiles%2FM.Tsipopoulou-E.Hallager%25202010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheatley2008" class="citation book cs1">Wheatley, Paul (2008) [1971]. <i>The Origins and Character of the Ancient Chinese City, Volume 2: The Chinese City in Comparative Perspective</i>. Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-202-36769-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-202-36769-9"><bdi>978-0-202-36769-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+and+Character+of+the+Ancient+Chinese+City%2C+Volume+2%3A+The+Chinese+City+in+Comparative+Perspective&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-202-36769-9&rft.aulast=Wheatley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoudhuizen2002" class="citation journal cs1">Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2002). "The "Trowel"-sign (Evans No. 18): Another Instance of Egyptian Influence on Cretan Hieroglyphic". <i>Kadmos</i>. <b>41</b> (1): 129–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fkadm.2002.41.s1.129">10.1515/kadm.2002.41.s1.129</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-7498">0022-7498</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161315443">161315443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kadmos&rft.atitle=The+%22Trowel%22-sign+%28Evans+No.+18%29%3A+Another+Instance+of+Egyptian+Influence+on+Cretan+Hieroglyphic&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=129-130&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161315443%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-7498&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fkadm.2002.41.s1.129&rft.aulast=Woudhuizen&rft.aufirst=Fred+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYule1981" class="citation book cs1">Yule, Paul (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/yule1981"><i>Early Cretan Seals: A Study of Chronology</i></a>. Marburger Studien zur Vor und Frühgeschichte 4. Mainz. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11588%2Fdiglit.3044">10.11588/diglit.3044</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8053-0490-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-8053-0490-0"><bdi>3-8053-0490-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Cretan+Seals%3A+A+Study+of+Chronology&rft.place=Mainz&rft.series=Marburger+Studien+zur+Vor+und+Fr%C3%BChgeschichte+4&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11588%2Fdiglit.3044&rft.isbn=3-8053-0490-0&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fdiglit%2Fyule1981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>W. C. Brice, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/kadm.1990.29.1.1/html">Notes on the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script: I. The Corpus. II. The Clay Bar from Malia, H20</a>,</i> Kadmos 29 (1990) 1-10.</li> <li>W. C. Brice, <i>Cretan Hieroglyphs & Linear A</i>, Kadmos 29 (1990) 171-2.</li> <li>W. C. Brice, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/kadm.1991.30.2.93/html"><i>Notes on the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script: III. The Inscriptions from Mallia Quarteir Mu. IV. The Clay Bar from Knossos, P116</i></a>, Kadmos 30 (1991) 93–104.</li> <li>W. C. Brice, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/kadm.1992.31.1.21/html">Notes on the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script</a>", Kadmos 31, pp. 21–24, 1992</li> <li>M. Civitillo, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iris.unikore.it/handle/11387/112886?mode=complete">La scrittura geroglifica minoica sui sigilli. Il messaggio della glittica protopalaziale</a>", Biblioteca di Pasiphae XII, Pisa-Roma 2016. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6227-876-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6227-876-8">978-88-6227-876-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFacchetti2007" class="citation journal cs1">Facchetti, Giulio M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irinsubria.uninsubria.it/handle/11383/1741657">"La questione della scrittura geroglifica cretese dopo la recente edizione del corpus dei testi"</a>. <i>Pasiphae: Rivista di filologia e antichità egee</i> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1400%2F132266">10.1400/132266</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2037-738X">2037-738X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pasiphae%3A+Rivista+di+filologia+e+antichit%C3%A0+egee&rft.atitle=La+questione+della+scrittura+geroglifica+cretese+dopo+la+recente+edizione+del+corpus+dei+testi&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1400%2F132266&rft.issn=2037-738X&rft.aulast=Facchetti&rft.aufirst=Giulio+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firinsubria.uninsubria.it%2Fhandle%2F11383%2F1741657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Silvia Ferrara, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cris.unibo.it/handle/11585/759239">The Making of a Script: Cretan Hieroglyphic and the Quest for Its Origins"</a>, Bulletin of ASOR, vol. 386, pp. 1–22, November 2021 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F716098">10.1086/716098</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerraraValérioMontecchi2022" class="citation journal cs1">Ferrara, Silvia; Valério, Miguel; Montecchi, Barbara (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/846045/1/FERRARA%20et%20al%202022%20Relationship%20Cretan%20Hieroglyphic%20Linear%20A%20OA.pdf">"The Relationship between Cretan Hieroglyphic and Linear A: a palaeographic and structural approach"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pasiphae – Journal of Aegean Philology and Antiquity</i>. <b>26</b> (16): 81–109. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.19272%2F202233301006">10.19272/202233301006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2037-738X">2037-738X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pasiphae+%E2%80%93+Journal+of+Aegean+Philology+and+Antiquity&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+between+Cretan+Hieroglyphic+and+Linear+A%3A+a+palaeographic+and+structural+approach&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=81-109&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.19272%2F202233301006&rft.issn=2037-738X&rft.aulast=Ferrara&rft.aufirst=Silvia&rft.au=Val%C3%A9rio%2C+Miguel&rft.au=Montecchi%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcris.unibo.it%2Fbitstream%2F11585%2F846045%2F1%2FFERRARA%2520et%2520al%25202022%2520Relationship%2520Cretan%2520Hieroglyphic%2520Linear%2520A%2520OA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ferrara, Silvia, "Icon, index, symbol: Language notation in the Cretan Hieroglyphic script", Representations: Material and Immaterial Modes of Communication in the Bronze Age Aegean, Oxford, pp. 211-240, 2021</li> <li>Grumach E., "The Structure of the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script", Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 46, pp. 346-384, 1964</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJasink2005" class="citation journal cs1">Jasink, Anna Margherita (1 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/212093">"The So-called klasmatograms on Cretan Hieroglyphic Seals"</a>. <i>KADMOS</i>. <b>44</b> (1–2): 23–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2FKADM.2005.006">10.1515/KADM.2005.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-7498">0022-7498</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162280405">162280405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KADMOS&rft.atitle=The+So-called+klasmatograms+on+Cretan+Hieroglyphic+Seals&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=23-39&rft.date=2005-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162280405%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-7498&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2FKADM.2005.006&rft.aulast=Jasink&rft.aufirst=Anna+Margherita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflore.unifi.it%2Fhandle%2F2158%2F212093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwens1996" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Alun_Owens" title="Gareth Alun Owens">Owens, Gareth A.</a> (1 January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2023473">"The Common Origin of Cretan Hieroglyphs and Linear A"</a>. <i>Kadmos</i>. <b>35</b> (2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 105–110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fkadm.1996.35.2.105">10.1515/kadm.1996.35.2.105</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-7498">0022-7498</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162282793">162282793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kadmos&rft.atitle=The+Common+Origin+of+Cretan+Hieroglyphs+and+Linear+A&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=105-110&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162282793%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-7498&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fkadm.1996.35.2.105&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=Gareth+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpascal-francis.inist.fr%2Fvibad%2Findex.php%3Faction%3DgetRecordDetail%26idt%3D2023473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>G. A. Owens, <i>An Introduction to «Cretan Hieroglyphs»: A Study of «Cretan Hieroglyphic» Inscriptions in English Museums (excluding the Ashmolean Museum Oxford)</i>, Cretan Studies VIII (2002), 179–184.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerna2019" class="citation journal cs1">Perna, Massimo (1 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kadmos-2019-0003">"A seal in the British Museum with a Cretan Hieroglyphic inscription (CR (?) S (1/1) 07)"</a>. <i>Kadmos</i>. <b>58</b> (1–2): 49–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fkadmos-2019-0003">10.1515/kadmos-2019-0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-7498">0022-7498</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220368364">220368364</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kadmos&rft.atitle=A+seal+in+the+British+Museum+with+a+Cretan+Hieroglyphic+inscription+%28CR+%28%3F%29+S+%281%2F1%29+07%29&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=49-60&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220368364%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-7498&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fkadmos-2019-0003&rft.aulast=Perna&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1515%2Fkadmos-2019-0003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalgarella2021" class="citation journal cs1">Salgarella, Ester (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/319550">"Imagining Cretan Scripts: the Influence of Visual Motifs on the Creation of Script Signs in Bronze Age Crete"</a>. <i>The Annual of the British School at Athens</i>. <b>116</b>: 63–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0068245421000034">10.1017/S0068245421000034</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0068-2454">0068-2454</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244183664">244183664</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annual+of+the+British+School+at+Athens&rft.atitle=Imagining+Cretan+Scripts%3A+the+Influence+of+Visual+Motifs+on+the+Creation+of+Script+Signs+in+Bronze+Age+Crete&rft.volume=116&rft.pages=63-94&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244183664%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0068-2454&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0068245421000034&rft.aulast=Salgarella&rft.aufirst=Ester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repository.cam.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F1810%2F319550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACretan+hieroglyphs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>I. Schoep, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lirias.kuleuven.be/1799427?limo=0">A New Cretan Hieroglyphic Inscription from Malia (MA/V Yb 03)</a></i>, Kadmos 34 (1995), 78–80. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fkadm.1995.34.1.78">10.1515/kadm.1995.34.1.78</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/855879/5/CRETAN%20HIEROGLYPHIC%20SEALS.pdf">[2]</a>Weingarten, Judith, and Silvia Ferrara, "Cretan Hieroglyphic seals and script: a view from the East", Pasiphae: rivista di filologia e antichità egee: XVI, pp. 111-121, 2022</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYounger1996–1997" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Younger, John G. (1996–1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/6394/Younger_HieroRev.pdf">"The Cretan Hieroglyphic Script: A Review Article"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Minos</i>. 31–32: 379–400. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1808%2F6394">1808/6394</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0544-3733">0544-3733</a>.</cite><span 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title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q966893#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="krétské hieroglyfické písmo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph175759&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minoan_civilization" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Minoan_civilization" title="Template:Minoan civilization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Minoan_civilization" title="Template talk:Minoan civilization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Minoan_civilization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Minoan civilization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minoan_civilization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_chronology" title="Minoan chronology">Minoan chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_pottery" title="Minoan pottery">Minoan pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_seals" title="Minoan seals">Minoan seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_palaces" title="Minoan palaces">Minoan palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_religion" title="Minoan religion">Minoan religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_eruption" title="Minoan eruption">Minoan eruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_sanctuaries" title="Peak sanctuaries">Peak sanctuaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaistos" title="Phaistos">Phaistos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malia_(archaeological_site)" title="Malia (archaeological site)">Malia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakros" title="Zakros">Zakros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatas_Palace" title="Galatas Palace">Galatas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Triada" title="Hagia Triada">Hagia Triada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommos_(Crete)" title="Kommos (Crete)">Kommos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roussolakkos" title="Roussolakkos">Palaikastro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydonia" title="Kydonia">Kydonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gournia" title="Gournia">Gournia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troullos" title="Troullos">Troullos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripiti_(archaeological_site)" title="Tripiti (archaeological site)">Trypiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkos" title="Lakkos">Lakkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnisos" title="Amnisos">Amnisos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petras" title="Petras">Petras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastiraki,_Crete" title="Monastiraki, Crete">Monastiraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasiliki,_Lasithi" title="Vasiliki, Lasithi">Vasiliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vathypetro" title="Vathypetro">Vathypetro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zominthos" title="Zominthos">Zominthos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tombs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armeni_(archaeological_site)" title="Armeni (archaeological site)">Armeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apesokari" title="Apesokari">Apesokari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryssolakkos" title="Chryssolakkos">Chryssolakkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamilari" title="Kamilari">Kamilari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koumasa" title="Koumasa">Koumasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Roumata_(archaeological_site)" title="Nea Roumata (archaeological site)">Nea Roumata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odigitria" title="Odigitria">Odigitria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phourni" title="Phourni">Phourni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylaki" title="Phylaki">Phylaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylos" title="Stylos">Stylos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerokambos" title="Yerokambos">Yerokambos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sanctuaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkalochori" title="Arkalochori">Arkalochori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamares,_Crete" title="Kamares, Crete">Kamares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychro_Cave" title="Psychro Cave">Psychro Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atsipades" title="Atsipades">Atsipades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karfi" title="Karfi">Karfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Modi" title="Minoan Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Juktas" title="Mount Juktas">Mount Juktas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petsofas" title="Petsofas">Petsofas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traostalos" title="Traostalos">Traostalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrysinas" title="Vrysinas">Vrysinas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_Treasure" title="Aegina Treasure">Aegina Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_Boxer_Fresco" title="Akrotiri Boxer Fresco">Akrotiri Boxer Fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Triada_Sarcophagus" title="Hagia Triada Sarcophagus">Hagia Triada Sarcophagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Consecration" title="Horns of Consecration">Horns of Consecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_snake_goddess_figurines" title="Minoan snake goddess figurines">Snake goddess figurines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Parisienne_(fresco)" title="La Parisienne (fresco)">La Parisienne (fresco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustral_basin" title="Lustral basin">Lustral basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Lilies" title="Prince of the Lilies">Prince of the Lilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirrup_jar" title="Stirrup jar">Stirrup jar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvester_Vase" title="Harvester Vase">Harvester Vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamares_ware" title="Kamares ware">Kamares ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouloura" title="Kouloura">Kouloura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knossos_board_game" title="Knossos board game">Knossos board game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Genius" title="Minoan Genius">Minoan Genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_frescoes_from_Tell_el-Dab%27a" title="Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Dab'a">Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Dab'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malia_altar_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Malia altar stone">Malia altar stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malia_Pendant" title="Malia Pendant">Malia Pendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Moulds_of_Palaikastro" title="Minoan Moulds of Palaikastro">Minoan Moulds of Palaikastro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Bull-leaper" title="Minoan Bull-leaper">Minoan Bull-leaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papoura_Hill_Circular_Structure" title="Papoura Hill Circular Structure">Papoura Hill Circular Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasiliki_ware" title="Vasiliki ware">Vasiliki ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Paintings_of_Thera" title="Wall Paintings of Thera">Wall Paintings of Thera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cretan hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaistos_disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaistos disc">Phaistos disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkalochori_Axe" title="Arkalochori Axe">Arkalochori script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_seals" title="Minoan seals">Minoan seals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Arthur Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum" title="Heraklion Archaeological Museum">Heraklion Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Chania" title="Archaeological Museum of Chania">Archaeological Museum of Chania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Sitia" title="Archaeological Museum of Sitia">Archaeological Museum of Sitia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&oldid=1257033416">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cretan_hieroglyphs&oldid=1257033416</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Category:Cretan 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