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href="#Performance_history_and_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Performance history and reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Performance_history_and_reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Performance history and reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Performance_history_and_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_success" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_success"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Initial success</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_success-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_and_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>20th and 21st centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Critical reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synopsis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synopsis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Synopsis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Synopsis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Synopsis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Synopsis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Act_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Act 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Act 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Act 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Act 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instrumentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Instrumentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recording_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recording_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Recording history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recording_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_missing_act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_missing_act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>The missing act</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_missing_act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derivative_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derivative_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Derivative works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Derivative_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet 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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>La bohème</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A_(%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7)" title="البوهيمي (أوبرا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البوهيمي (أوبرا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohema" title="Bohema – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bohema" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Бохеми – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бохеми" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me" title="La Bohème – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="La Bohème" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boh%C3%A9ma_(Puccini)" title="Bohéma (Puccini) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bohéma (Puccini)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="La bohème" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me" title="La Bohème – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="La Bohème" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me" title="La Bohème – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="La Bohème" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boheem" title="Boheem – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Boheem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AD%CE%BC_(%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9)" title="Λα Μποέμ (Πουτσίνι) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λα Μποέμ (Πουτσίνι)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me_(Puccini)" title="La bohème (Puccini) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La bohème (Puccini)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me" title="La Bohème – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Bohème" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="La bohème" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85" title="لا بوهم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لا بوهم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me" title="La Bohème – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Bohème" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me" title="La Bohème – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="La Bohème" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B3%B4%EC%97%A0" title="라 보엠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라 보엠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%B4_(%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1)" title="Բոհեմ (օպերա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոհեմ (օպերա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="La bohème" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La bohème" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9D" title="לה בוהם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לה בוהם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me" title="La Bohème – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="La Bohème" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohema_(opera)" title="Bohema (opera) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bohema (opera)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boh%C3%A9m%C3%A9let" title="Bohémélet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bohémélet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%89" title="البوهيمى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البوهيمى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="La bohème" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me_(opera)" title="La bohème (opera) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="La bohème (opera)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0_(%E3%83%97%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B)" title="ラ・ボエーム (プッチーニ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラ・ボエーム (プッチーニ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="La bohème" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="La bohème" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyganeria_(opera_Giacoma_Pucciniego)" title="Cyganeria (opera Giacoma Pucciniego) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cyganeria (opera Giacoma Pucciniego)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me" title="La Bohème – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="La Bohème" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boema_(oper%C4%83)" title="Boema (operă) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Boema (operă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Богема (опера) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Богема (опера)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="La bohème" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="La bohème" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="La bohème" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Боеми (опера) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Боеми (опера)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="La bohème" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1895 opera by Giacomo Puccini</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Ruggero Leoncavallo's opera of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me_(Leoncavallo)" title="La bohème (Leoncavallo)"><i>La bohème</i> (Leoncavallo)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="La bohème (disambiguation)">La bohème (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic;">La bohème</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Opera by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Boheme_poster_by_Hohenstein.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/La_Boheme_poster_by_Hohenstein.PNG/260px-La_Boheme_poster_by_Hohenstein.PNG" decoding="async" width="260" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/La_Boheme_poster_by_Hohenstein.PNG/390px-La_Boheme_poster_by_Hohenstein.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/La_Boheme_poster_by_Hohenstein.PNG/520px-La_Boheme_poster_by_Hohenstein.PNG 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="843" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Original 1896 poster by <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Hohenstein" title="Adolfo Hohenstein">Adolfo Hohenstein</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Librettist</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Illica" title="Luigi Illica">Luigi Illica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Giacosa" title="Giuseppe Giacosa">Giuseppe Giacosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Murger" title="Henri Murger">Henri Murger</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Scenes_of_Bohemian_Life" title="Scenes of Bohemian Life">Scènes de la vie de bohème</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Premiere</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="vevent">1 February 1896<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1896-02-01</span>)</span><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="summary"><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Regio_(Turin)" title="Teatro Regio (Turin)">Teatro Regio</a>, Turin</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>La bohème</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LAH</span> boh-<span style="font-size:90%">EM</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[la<span class="wrap"> </span>boˈɛm]</a></span>) is an opera in four acts,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> composed by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a> between 1893 and 1895 to an Italian <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> by <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Illica" title="Luigi Illica">Luigi Illica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Giacosa" title="Giuseppe Giacosa">Giuseppe Giacosa</a>, based on <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vie_de_Boh%C3%A8me" class="mw-redirect" title="La Vie de Bohème">Scènes de la vie de bohème</a></i> (1851) by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Murger" title="Henri Murger">Henri Murger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroosParker19861_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroosParker19861-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story is set in Paris around 1830 and shows the <a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemian lifestyle</a> (known in French as "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">la bohème</i></span>") of a poor seamstress and her artist friends. </p><p>The world premiere of <i>La bohème</i> was in Turin on 1 February 1896 at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Regio_(Turin)" title="Teatro Regio (Turin)">Teatro Regio</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudden2002494_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudden2002494-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conducted by the 28-year-old <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a>. Since then, <i>La bohème</i> has become part of the standard Italian opera repertory and is one of the most frequently performed operas worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, 50 years after the opera's premiere, Toscanini conducted a commemorative performance of it on radio with the <a href="/wiki/NBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NBC Symphony Orchestra">NBC Symphony Orchestra</a>. A recording of the performance was later released by <a href="/wiki/RCA_Red_Seal" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Red Seal">RCA Victor</a> on vinyl record, tape and compact disc. It is the only recording ever made of a Puccini opera by its original conductor. </p><p><i>La bohème</i> is also known for being the loose inspiration for the Broadway musical <i><a href="/wiki/Rent_(musical)" title="Rent (musical)">Rent</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Larson" title="Jonathan Larson">Jonathan Larson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_story">Origin of the story</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin of the story"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_(1896).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg/170px-Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg/255px-Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg/340px-Rodolfo_from_La_Boheme_%281896%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="1874" /></a><figcaption>Rodolfo, costume design by Adolfo Hohenstein for the premiere at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Regio_(Turin)" title="Teatro Regio (Turin)">Teatro Regio</a>, 1896</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Boheme_Costume_Mimi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/La_Boheme_Costume_Mimi.jpg/220px-La_Boheme_Costume_Mimi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/La_Boheme_Costume_Mimi.jpg/330px-La_Boheme_Costume_Mimi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/La_Boheme_Costume_Mimi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Mimì's costume for the premiere</figcaption></figure> <p>As credited on its title page, the libretto of <i>La bohème</i> is based on <a href="/wiki/Henri_Murger" title="Henri Murger">Henri Murger</a>'s 1851 novel, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vie_de_Boh%C3%A8me" class="mw-redirect" title="La Vie de Bohème">Scènes de la vie de bohème</a></i>, a collection of vignettes portraying young <a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemians</a> living in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Quarter,_Paris" title="Latin Quarter, Paris">Latin Quarter</a> of Paris in the 1840s. Although often called a novel, the book has no unified plot. Like the 1849 play drawn from the book by Murger and <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Barri%C3%A8re" title="Théodore Barrière">Théodore Barrière</a>, the opera's libretto focuses on the relationship between Rodolfo and Mimì, ending with her death. Also like the play, the libretto combines two characters from the novel, Mimì and Francine, into the single character of Mimì. Early in the composition stage Puccini was in dispute with the composer <a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Leoncavallo" title="Ruggero Leoncavallo">Ruggero Leoncavallo</a>, who said that he had offered Puccini a completed libretto and felt that Puccini should defer to him. Puccini responded that he had had no idea of Leoncavallo's interest and that having been working on his own version for some time, he felt that he could not oblige him by abandoning the opera. Leoncavallo completed <a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me_(Leoncavallo)" title="La bohème (Leoncavallo)">his own version</a> in which Marcello was sung by a tenor and Rodolfo by a baritone. It was not as successful as Puccini's and is now rarely performed.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much of the libretto is original. Major sections of acts two and three are the librettists' invention, with only a few passing references to incidents and characters in Murger. Most of acts one and four follow the book, piecing together episodes from various chapters. The final scenes in acts one and four—the scenes with Rodolfo and Mimì—resemble both the play and the book. The story of their meeting closely follows chapter 18 of the book, in which the two lovers living in the garret are not Rodolphe and Mimì at all, but rather Jacques and Francine. The story of Mimì's death in the opera draws from two different chapters in the book, one relating Francine's death and the other relating Mimì's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroosParker19861_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroosParker19861-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The published libretto includes a note from the librettists briefly discussing their adaptation. Without mentioning the play directly, they defend their conflation of Francine and Mimì into a single character: "Chi può non confondere nel delicato profilo di una sola donna quelli di Mimì e di Francine?" ("Who cannot confuse in the delicate profile of one woman the personality both of Mimì and of Francine?"). At the time, the book was in the public domain, Murger having died without heirs, but rights to the play were still controlled by Barrière's heirs.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance_history_and_reception">Performance history and reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Performance history and reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_success">Initial success</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Initial success"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The world première performance of <i>La bohème</i> took place in Turin on 1 February 1896 at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Regio_(Turin)" title="Teatro Regio (Turin)">Teatro Regio</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudden2002494_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudden2002494-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was conducted by the young <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a>. The role of Rodolfo was played by <a href="/wiki/Evan_Gorga" title="Evan Gorga">Evan Gorga</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cesira_Ferrani" title="Cesira Ferrani">Cesira Ferrani</a> as Mimi, but Gorga was unable to accommodate the high <a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">tessitura</a> and the music had to be transposed down for him.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial response of the audience at the first performance was subdued and critical responses were polarized.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this varied introductory response, the opera quickly became popular throughout Italy and productions were soon mounted by the following companies: The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_di_San_Carlo" title="Teatro di San Carlo">Teatro di San Carlo</a> (14 March 1896, with Elisa Petri as Musetta and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Magini-Coletti" title="Antonio Magini-Coletti">Antonio Magini-Coletti</a> as Marcello); The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Comunale_di_Bologna" title="Teatro Comunale di Bologna">Teatro Comunale di Bologna</a> (4 November 1896, with Amelia Sedelmayer as Musetta and Umberto Beduschi as Rodolfo); The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_dell%27Opera_di_Roma" title="Teatro dell'Opera di Roma">Teatro Costanzi</a> (17 November 1896, with Maria Stuarda Savelli as Mimì, Enrico Giannini-Grifoni as Rodolfo, and <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Bensaude" title="Maurizio Bensaude">Maurizio Bensaude</a> as Marcello); <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala</a> (15 March 1897, with Angelica Pandolfini as Mimì, <a href="/wiki/Camilla_Pasini" title="Camilla Pasini">Camilla Pasini</a> as Musetta, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_De_Lucia" title="Fernando De Lucia">Fernando De Lucia</a> as Rodolfo, and Edoardo Camera as Marcello); <a href="/wiki/La_Fenice" title="La Fenice">La Fenice</a> (26 December 1897, with Emilia Merolla as Mimì, Maria Martelli as Musetta, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Apostolu" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Apostolu">Giovanni Apostolu</a> and Franco Mannucci as Rodolfo, and Ferruccio Corradetti as Marcello); <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Regio_(Parma)" title="Teatro Regio (Parma)">Teatro Regio di Parma</a> (29 January 1898, with <a href="/wiki/Solomiya_Krushelnytska" title="Solomiya Krushelnytska">Solomiya Krushelnytska</a> as Mimì, Lina Cassandro as Musetta, Pietro Ferrari as Rodolfo, and Pietro Giacomello as Marcello); <a href="/wiki/Paris_Opera" title="Paris Opera">Paris Opera</a> (13 June 1898); and the Teatro Donizetti di Bergamo (21 August 1898, with Emilia Corsi as Mimì, Annita Barone as Musetta, Giovanni Apostolu as Rodolfo, and Giovanni Roussel as Marcello).<sup id="cite_ref-Amadeus_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amadeus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first performance of <i>La bohème</i> outside Italy was at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Col%C3%B3n" title="Teatro Colón">Teatro Colón</a> in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 16 June 1896. The opera was performed in Alexandria, Lisbon, and Moscow in early 1897. The United Kingdom premiere took place at the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Manchester" title="Theatre Royal, Manchester">Theatre Royal</a> in Manchester, on 22 April 1897, in a presentation by the <a href="/wiki/Carl_Rosa_Opera_Company" title="Carl Rosa Opera Company">Carl Rosa Opera Company</a> supervised by Puccini.<sup id="cite_ref-mg_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mg-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This performance was given in English and starred <a href="/wiki/Alice_Esty_(soprano)" title="Alice Esty (soprano)">Alice Esty</a> as Mimì, Bessie McDonald as Musetta, Robert Cunningham as Rodolfo, and <a href="/wiki/William_Paull_(baritone)" title="William Paull (baritone)">William Paull</a> as Marcello.<sup id="cite_ref-mg_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mg-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 October 1897 the same company gave the opera's first staging at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a> in London and on 14 October 1897 in Los Angeles for the opera's United States premiere. The opera reached New York City on 16 May 1898 when it was performed at <a href="/wiki/Wallack%27s_Theatre" title="Wallack's Theatre">Wallack's Theatre</a> with Giuseppe Agostini as Rodolfo.<sup id="cite_ref-NYC_premiere_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYC_premiere-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first production of the opera actually produced by the Royal Opera House itself premiered on 1 July 1899 with <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Melba" title="Nellie Melba">Nellie Melba</a> as Mimì, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9lie_de_Lussan" title="Zélie de Lussan">Zélie de Lussan</a> as Musetta, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_De_Lucia" title="Fernando De Lucia">Fernando De Lucia</a> as Rodolfo, and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Ancona" title="Mario Ancona">Mario Ancona</a> as Marcello.<sup id="cite_ref-Amadeus_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amadeus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>La bohème</i> premiered in Germany at the <a href="/wiki/Kroll_Opera_House" title="Kroll Opera House">Kroll Opera House</a> in Berlin on 22 June 1897. The French premiere of the opera was presented by the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Comique" title="Opéra-Comique">Opéra-Comique</a> on 13 June 1898 at the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_la_Ville" title="Théâtre de la Ville">Théâtre des Nations</a>. The production used a French translation by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ferrier" title="Paul Ferrier">Paul Ferrier</a> and starred Julia Guiraudon as Mimì, Jeanne Tiphaine as Musetta, <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Adolphe Maréchal">Adolphe Maréchal</a> as Rodolfo, and <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Fug%C3%A8re" title="Lucien Fugère">Lucien Fugère</a> as Marcello.<sup id="cite_ref-Amadeus_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amadeus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Czech premiere of the opera was presented by the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Prague)" title="National Theatre (Prague)">National Theatre</a> on 27 February 1898. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_centuries">20th and 21st centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th and 21st centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>La bohème</i> continued to gain international popularity throughout the early 20th century and the Opéra-Comique alone had already presented the opera one hundred times by 1903. The Belgian premiere took place at <a href="/wiki/La_Monnaie" title="La Monnaie">La Monnaie</a> on 25 October 1900 using Ferrier's French translation with Marie Thiérry as Mimì, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_David" title="Léon David">Léon David</a> as Rodolfo, Eugène-Charles Badiali as Marcello, sets by Pierre Devis, Armand Lynen, and Albert Dubosq, and Philippe Flon conducting. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> staged the work for the first time on 26 December 1900 with <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Melba" title="Nellie Melba">Nellie Melba</a> as Mimì, Annita Occhiolini-Rizzini as Musetta, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Sal%C3%A9za" title="Albert Saléza">Albert Saléza</a> as Rodolfo, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Campanari" title="Giuseppe Campanari">Giuseppe Campanari</a> as Marcello, and <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Mancinelli" title="Luigi Mancinelli">Luigi Mancinelli</a> conducting.<sup id="cite_ref-Amadeus_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amadeus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>La bohème</i> was the last opera performed at New York's Metropolitan Opera's <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_Street)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)">original 1883 building</a> on 16 April 1966, conducted by <a href="/wiki/George_Schick" title="George Schick">George Schick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opera was first performed in Brazil at the <a href="/wiki/Theatro_da_Paz" title="Theatro da Paz">Theatro da Paz</a> in Belém on 21 April 1900 with the Brazilian soprano Tilde Maragliano as Mimì, Maria Cavallini as Musetta, Giuseppe Agostini as Rodolfo and Alessandro Modesti as Marcello. The conductor was Giorgio Polacco <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following year <i>La bohème</i> was presented at the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Theatre" title="Amazon Theatre">Teatro Amazonas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manaus" title="Manaus">Manaus</a>, Brazil, on 2 July 1901 with Elvira Miotti as Mimì, Mabel Nelma as Musetta, Michele Sigaldi as Rodolfo, and Enrico De Franceschi as Marcello. Other premieres soon followed: </p> <ul><li>Melbourne: 13 July 1901 (<a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Theatre,_Melbourne" title="Her Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne">Her Majesty's Theatre</a>; first performance in Australia)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrvin1985[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2018]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2018)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrvin1985[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2018]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2018)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Monaco: 1 February 1902, <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Monte-Carlo" title="Opéra de Monte-Carlo">Opéra de Monte-Carlo</a> in Monte Carlo with Nellie Melba as Mimì, <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a> as Rodolfo, <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Boyer" title="Alexis Boyer">Alexis Boyer</a> as Marcello, and Léon Jehin conducting.<sup id="cite_ref-Amadeus_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amadeus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a>: 25 December 1902, Regio Teatro Metastasio with Ulderica Persichini as Mimì, Norma Sella as Musetta, Ariodante Quarti as Rodolfo, and Amleto Pollastri as Marcello.<sup id="cite_ref-Amadeus_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amadeus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a>: 9 July 1903, Politeama Pacini with Isabella Costa Orbellini as Mimì, Lina Gismondi as Musetta, Elvino Ventura as Rodolfo, and Alfredo Costa as Marcello.<sup id="cite_ref-Amadeus_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amadeus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Austria: 25 November 1903, <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a> in Vienna with <a href="/wiki/Selma_Kurz" title="Selma Kurz">Selma Kurz</a> as Mimì, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Gutheil-Schoder" title="Marie Gutheil-Schoder">Marie Gutheil-Schoder</a> as Musetta, Fritz Schrödter as Rodolfo, Gerhard Stehmann as Marcello, and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a> conducting.<sup id="cite_ref-Amadeus_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amadeus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sweden: 19 May 1905, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dramatic_Theatre" title="Royal Dramatic Theatre">Royal Dramatic Theatre</a> in Stockholm, presented by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Opera" title="Royal Swedish Opera">Royal Swedish Opera</a> with <a href="/wiki/Maria_Labia" title="Maria Labia">Maria Labia</a> as Mimì.<sup id="cite_ref-Amadeus_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amadeus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Puccini died in Brussels on 29 November 1924, and the news of his death reached Rome during a performance of <i>La bohème</i>. The opera was immediately stopped, and the orchestra played <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_No._2_(Chopin)" title="Piano Sonata No. 2 (Chopin)"><i>Funeral March</i></a> for the stunned audience.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first production of <i>La bohème</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> did not occur until as late as July 2012. However, that festival has not shown much interest in the operas of Puccini, only ever having one production each of <i><a href="/wiki/Tosca" title="Tosca">Tosca</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a></i> in its entire history.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the opera's popularity with audiences, Puccini has been the target of condescension by some music critics who find his music insufficiently sophisticated or difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroosParker1986127_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroosParker1986127-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The composer <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> wrote in 1951, "[A]fter four or five performances I never wanted to hear <i>Bohème</i> again. In spite of its neatness, I became sickened by the cheapness and emptiness of the music."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Boheme_Rappezzatrice_Costume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/La_Boheme_Rappezzatrice_Costume.jpg/220px-La_Boheme_Rappezzatrice_Costume.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/La_Boheme_Rappezzatrice_Costume.jpg/330px-La_Boheme_Rappezzatrice_Costume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/La_Boheme_Rappezzatrice_Costume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Act 2 costume design for "la rappezzatrice" (the clothes mender) for the world premiere performance.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Roles, voice types, premiere cast</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Role </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a> </th> <th>Premiere cast, 1 February 1896<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Conductor: <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Rodolfo, <i>a poet</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evan_Gorga" title="Evan Gorga">Evan Gorga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mimì, <i>a seamstress</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cesira_Ferrani" title="Cesira Ferrani">Cesira Ferrani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marcello, <i>a painter</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tieste_Wilmant" title="Tieste Wilmant">Tieste Wilmant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Musetta, <i>a singer</i> </td> <td>soprano </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Pasini" title="Camilla Pasini">Camilla Pasini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Schaunard, <i>a musician</i> </td> <td>baritone </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pini-Corsi" title="Antonio Pini-Corsi">Antonio Pini-Corsi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colline, <i>a philosopher</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a> </td> <td>Michele Mazzara </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benoît, <i>their landlord</i> </td> <td>bass </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Polonini" title="Alessandro Polonini">Alessandro Polonini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alcindoro, <i>a state councillor</i> </td> <td>bass </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Polonini" title="Alessandro Polonini">Alessandro Polonini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parpignol, <i>a toy vendor</i> </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Dante Zucchi </td></tr> <tr> <td>A customs Sergeant </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Felice Foglia </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><i>Students, working girls, townsfolk, shopkeepers, street-vendors, soldiers, waiters, children</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Place: Paris</dd> <dd>Time: Around 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelitz1913173–175_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelitz1913173–175-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_1">Act 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Act 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Scala_Orchestra_and_Chorus_-_Poli,_Gigli,_Baronti_-_La_Boh%C3%A8me_-_Act_1_-_Questo_Mar_Rosso_-_Hmv-db8452-2ba2362.ogg" title="File:La Scala Orchestra and Chorus - Poli, Gigli, Baronti - La Bohème - Act 1 - Questo Mar Rosso - Hmv-db8452-2ba2362.ogg">Opening, "Questo mar rosso"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="256" data-mwtitle="La_Scala_Orchestra_and_Chorus_-_Poli,_Gigli,_Baronti_-_La_Bohème_-_Act_1_-_Questo_Mar_Rosso_-_Hmv-db8452-2ba2362.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/La_Scala_Orchestra_and_Chorus_-_Poli%2C_Gigli%2C_Baronti_-_La_Boh%C3%A8me_-_Act_1_-_Questo_Mar_Rosso_-_Hmv-db8452-2ba2362.ogg/La_Scala_Orchestra_and_Chorus_-_Poli%2C_Gigli%2C_Baronti_-_La_Boh%C3%A8me_-_Act_1_-_Questo_Mar_Rosso_-_Hmv-db8452-2ba2362.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/La_Scala_Orchestra_and_Chorus_-_Poli%2C_Gigli%2C_Baronti_-_La_Boh%C3%A8me_-_Act_1_-_Questo_Mar_Rosso_-_Hmv-db8452-2ba2362.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Afro_Poli" title="Afro Poli">Afro Poli</a> (Marcello),<br /><a href="/wiki/Beniamino_Gigli" title="Beniamino Gigli">Beniamino Gigli</a> (Rudolfo),<br />Duilio Baronti (Colline) – 1938</div></div></div></div> </div> <p><i>In the four bohemians' <a href="/wiki/Garret" title="Garret">garret</a> (Christmas Eve)</i> </p><p>Marcello is painting while Rodolfo gazes out of the window. They complain of the cold. In order to keep warm, they burn the manuscript of Rodolfo's drama. Colline, the philosopher, enters shivering and disgruntled at not having been able to <a href="/wiki/Pawnbroker" title="Pawnbroker">pawn</a> some books. Schaunard, the musician of the group, arrives with food, wine and cigars. He explains the source of his riches: a job with an eccentric English <a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">gentleman</a>, who hired him to play his violin to a parrot until it died. The others hardly listen to his tale as they set up the table to eat and drink. Schaunard interrupts, telling them that they must save the food for the days ahead: tonight they will all celebrate his good fortune by dining at Cafe Momus, and he will pay. </p><p>The friends are interrupted by Benoît, the landlord, who arrives to collect the rent. They flatter him and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ply#Verb_2" class="extiw" title="wikt:ply">ply</a> him with wine. In his drunkenness, he begins to boast of his amorous adventures, but when he also reveals that he is married, they thrust him from the room—without the rent payment—in comic moral indignation. The rent money is divided for their evening out in the <i><a href="/wiki/Latin_Quarter,_Paris" title="Latin Quarter, Paris">Quartier Latin</a></i>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:PDP-CH_-_Beniamino_Gigli,_Tenor_-_La_boh%C3%A8me_-_Che_gelida_manina_-_Puccini_-_Hmv-db1538-8769a.flac" title="File:PDP-CH - Beniamino Gigli, Tenor - La bohème - Che gelida manina - Puccini - Hmv-db1538-8769a.flac">"Che gelida manina"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="254" data-mwtitle="PDP-CH_-_Beniamino_Gigli,_Tenor_-_La_bohème_-_Che_gelida_manina_-_Puccini_-_Hmv-db1538-8769a.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/PDP-CH_-_Beniamino_Gigli%2C_Tenor_-_La_boh%C3%A8me_-_Che_gelida_manina_-_Puccini_-_Hmv-db1538-8769a.flac/PDP-CH_-_Beniamino_Gigli%2C_Tenor_-_La_boh%C3%A8me_-_Che_gelida_manina_-_Puccini_-_Hmv-db1538-8769a.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/PDP-CH_-_Beniamino_Gigli%2C_Tenor_-_La_boh%C3%A8me_-_Che_gelida_manina_-_Puccini_-_Hmv-db1538-8769a.flac/PDP-CH_-_Beniamino_Gigli%2C_Tenor_-_La_boh%C3%A8me_-_Che_gelida_manina_-_Puccini_-_Hmv-db1538-8769a.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/PDP-CH_-_Beniamino_Gigli%2C_Tenor_-_La_boh%C3%A8me_-_Che_gelida_manina_-_Puccini_-_Hmv-db1538-8769a.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Beniamino Gigli (1931)</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Puccini_Mi_chiamano_Mim%C3%AC_par_Claudia_Muzio.ogg" title="File:Puccini Mi chiamano Mimì par Claudia Muzio.ogg">"Sì, mi chiamano Mimì"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="241" data-mwtitle="Puccini_Mi_chiamano_Mimì_par_Claudia_Muzio.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Puccini_Mi_chiamano_Mim%C3%AC_par_Claudia_Muzio.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Puccini_Mi_chiamano_Mim%C3%AC_par_Claudia_Muzio.ogg/Puccini_Mi_chiamano_Mim%C3%AC_par_Claudia_Muzio.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Muzio" title="Claudia Muzio">Claudia Muzio</a> (1911)</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Enrico_Caruso_-_Nellie_Melba_-_La_boh%C3%A8me_-_O_soave_fanciulla_(restored).ogg" title="File:Enrico Caruso - Nellie Melba - La bohème - O soave fanciulla (restored).ogg">"O soave fanciulla"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="196" data-mwtitle="Enrico_Caruso_-_Nellie_Melba_-_La_bohème_-_O_soave_fanciulla_(restored).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Enrico_Caruso_-_Nellie_Melba_-_La_boh%C3%A8me_-_O_soave_fanciulla_%28restored%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Enrico_Caruso_-_Nellie_Melba_-_La_boh%C3%A8me_-_O_soave_fanciulla_%28restored%29.ogg/Enrico_Caruso_-_Nellie_Melba_-_La_boh%C3%A8me_-_O_soave_fanciulla_%28restored%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Melba" title="Nellie Melba">Nellie Melba</a> (1907)</div></div></div></div> </div> <p>Marcello, Schaunard and Colline go out, but Rodolfo remains alone for a moment in order to finish an article he is writing, promising to join his friends soon. There is a knock at the door. It is a girl who lives in another room in the building. Her candle has blown out, and she has no matches; she asks Rodolfo to light it. She is briefly overcome with faintness, and Rodolfo helps her to a chair and offers her a glass of wine. She thanks him. After a few minutes, she says that she is better and must go. But as she turns to leave, she realizes that she has lost her key. </p><p>Her candle goes out in the draught and Rodolfo's candle goes out too; the pair stumble in the dark. Rodolfo, eager to spend time with the girl, to whom he is already attracted, finds the key and pockets it, feigning innocence. He takes her cold hand (<i><a href="/wiki/Che_gelida_manina" title="Che gelida manina">Che gelida manina</a></i>—"What a cold little hand") and tells her of his life as a poet, then asks her to tell him more about her life. The girl says her name is Mimì (<i>Sì, mi chiamano Mimì</i>—"Yes, they call me Mimì"), and describes her simple life as an embroiderer. Impatiently, the waiting friends call Rodolfo. He answers and turns to see Mimì bathed in moonlight (duet, Rodolfo and Mimì: <i><a href="/wiki/O_soave_fanciulla" title="O soave fanciulla">O soave fanciulla</a></i>—"Oh lovely girl"). They realize that they have fallen in love. Rodolfo suggests remaining at home with Mimì, but she decides to accompany him to the Cafe Momus. As they leave, they sing of their newfound love. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_2">Act 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Act 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Quartier Latin (same evening)</i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_quartiere_latino,_bozzetto_di_Adolf_Hohenstein_per_La_Boh%C3%A8me_(1896)_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON000086_-_Restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Al_quartiere_latino%2C_bozzetto_di_Adolf_Hohenstein_per_La_Boh%C3%A8me_%281896%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON000086_-_Restoration.jpg/290px-Al_quartiere_latino%2C_bozzetto_di_Adolf_Hohenstein_per_La_Boh%C3%A8me_%281896%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON000086_-_Restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Al_quartiere_latino%2C_bozzetto_di_Adolf_Hohenstein_per_La_Boh%C3%A8me_%281896%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON000086_-_Restoration.jpg/435px-Al_quartiere_latino%2C_bozzetto_di_Adolf_Hohenstein_per_La_Boh%C3%A8me_%281896%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON000086_-_Restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Al_quartiere_latino%2C_bozzetto_di_Adolf_Hohenstein_per_La_Boh%C3%A8me_%281896%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON000086_-_Restoration.jpg/580px-Al_quartiere_latino%2C_bozzetto_di_Adolf_Hohenstein_per_La_Boh%C3%A8me_%281896%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON000086_-_Restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2255" /></a><figcaption>Set design by <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Hohenstein" title="Adolfo Hohenstein">Adolfo Hohenstein</a> for act 2 in the première</figcaption></figure> <p>A great crowd, including children, has gathered with street sellers announcing their wares (chorus: <i>Aranci, datteri! Caldi i marroni!</i>—"Oranges, dates! Hot chestnuts!"). The friends arrive; Rodolfo buys Mimì a bonnet from a vendor, while Colline buys a coat and Schaunard a horn. Parisians gossip with friends and bargain with the vendors; the children of the streets clamor to see the wares of Parpignol, the toy seller. The friends enter the Cafe Momus. </p><p>As the men and Mimì dine at the cafe, Musetta, Marcello's former sweetheart, arrives with her rich (and elderly) government minister admirer, Alcindoro, whom she is tormenting. It is clear she is tired of him. To the delight of the Parisians and the embarrassment of her patron, she sings a risqué song (Musetta's waltz: <i><a href="/wiki/Quando_me%27n_vo%27" title="Quando me'n vo'">Quando me'n vo'</a></i>—"When I go along"), hoping to reclaim Marcello's attention. The ploy works; at the same time, Mimì recognizes that Musetta truly loves Marcello. To be rid of Alcindoro for a bit, Musetta pretends to be suffering from a tight shoe and sends him to the shoemaker to get her shoe mended. Alcindoro leaves, and Musetta and Marcello fall rapturously into each other's arms. </p><p>The friends are presented with their bill. However, Schaunard's purse has gone missing and no one else has enough money to pay. The sly Musetta has the entire bill charged to Alcindoro. The sound of a military band is heard, and the friends leave. Alcindoro returns with the repaired shoe seeking Musetta. The waiter hands him the bill and, dumbfounded, Alcindoro sinks into a chair. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_3">Act 3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Act 3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Advertisement_for_the_music_score_of_La_Boh%C3%A8me,_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Advertisement_for_the_music_score_of_La_Boh%C3%A8me%2C_1895.jpg/220px-Advertisement_for_the_music_score_of_La_Boh%C3%A8me%2C_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Advertisement_for_the_music_score_of_La_Boh%C3%A8me%2C_1895.jpg/330px-Advertisement_for_the_music_score_of_La_Boh%C3%A8me%2C_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Advertisement_for_the_music_score_of_La_Boh%C3%A8me%2C_1895.jpg/440px-Advertisement_for_the_music_score_of_La_Boh%C3%A8me%2C_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5212" data-file-height="6740" /></a><figcaption>Advertisement for the music score, showing the quartet that ends act 3</figcaption></figure> <p><i>At the toll gate at the Barrière d'Enfer (late February)</i> </p><p>Peddlers pass through the barriers and enter the city. Mimì appears, coughing violently. She tries to find Marcello, who is currently living in a little tavern where he paints signs for the innkeeper. She tells him of her hard life with Rodolfo, who abandoned her the night before, and of Rodolfo's terrible jealousy (<i>O buon Marcello, aiuto!</i>—"Oh, good Marcello, help me!"). Marcello tells her that Rodolfo is asleep inside, and expresses concern about Mimì's cough. Rodolfo wakes up and comes out looking for Marcello. Mimì hides and overhears Rodolfo first telling Marcello that he left Mimì because of her coquettishness, but finally confessing that his jealousy is a sham: he fears she is slowly being consumed by a deadly illness (most likely <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, known by the catchall name "consumption" in the nineteenth century). Rodolfo, in his poverty, can do little to help Mimì and hopes that his pretended unkindness will inspire her to seek another, wealthier suitor (<i>Marcello, finalmente</i>—"Marcello, finally"). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Puccini_-_Melba_-_Donde_lieta_usci_(La_Boh%C3%A8me)_-_1907.ogg" title="File:Puccini - Melba - Donde lieta usci (La Bohème) - 1907.ogg">Addio di Mimì ("Donde lieta usci")</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="184" data-mwtitle="Puccini_-_Melba_-_Donde_lieta_usci_(La_Bohème)_-_1907.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Puccini_-_Melba_-_Donde_lieta_usci_%28La_Boh%C3%A8me%29_-_1907.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Puccini_-_Melba_-_Donde_lieta_usci_%28La_Boh%C3%A8me%29_-_1907.ogg/Puccini_-_Melba_-_Donde_lieta_usci_%28La_Boh%C3%A8me%29_-_1907.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Melba" title="Nellie Melba">Nellie Melba</a>, 1907 (3:03)</div></div></div></div> </div> <p>Out of kindness towards Mimì, Marcello tries to silence him, but she has already heard all. Her weeping and coughing reveal her presence, and Rodolfo hurries to her. Musetta's laughter is heard and Marcello goes to find out what has happened. Mimì tells Rodolfo that she is leaving him, and asks that they separate amicably (Mimì: <i>Donde lieta uscì</i>—"From here she happily left"); but their love for one another is too strong for the pair to part. As a compromise, they agree to remain together until the spring, when the world is coming to life again and no one feels truly alone. Meanwhile, Marcello has found Musetta, and the couple quarrel fiercely about Musetta's flirtatiousness (quartet: Mimì, Rodolfo, Musetta, Marcello: <i>Addio dolce svegliare alla mattina!</i>—"Goodbye, sweet awakening in the morning!"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_4">Act 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Act 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Back in the garret (some months later)</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:La_boh%C3%A8me,_O_Mim%C3%AC,_tu_pi%C3%B9_non_torni_(Caruso,_Scotti).ogg" title="File:La bohème, O Mimì, tu più non torni (Caruso, Scotti).ogg">"O Mimì, tu più non torni"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="185" data-mwtitle="La_bohème,_O_Mimì,_tu_più_non_torni_(Caruso,_Scotti).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/La_boh%C3%A8me%2C_O_Mim%C3%AC%2C_tu_pi%C3%B9_non_torni_%28Caruso%2C_Scotti%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/La_boh%C3%A8me%2C_O_Mim%C3%AC%2C_tu_pi%C3%B9_non_torni_%28Caruso%2C_Scotti%29.ogg/La_boh%C3%A8me%2C_O_Mim%C3%AC%2C_tu_pi%C3%B9_non_torni_%28Caruso%2C_Scotti%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Scotti" title="Antonio Scotti">Antonio Scotti</a> (1907)</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Puccini_La_Boheme_Vecchia_zimarra.ogg" title="File:Puccini La Boheme Vecchia zimarra.ogg">"Vecchia zimarra"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="176" data-mwtitle="Puccini_La_Boheme_Vecchia_zimarra.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Puccini_La_Boheme_Vecchia_zimarra.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/Puccini_La_Boheme_Vecchia_zimarra.ogg/Puccini_La_Boheme_Vecchia_zimarra.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Feodor_Chaliapin" title="Feodor Chaliapin">Feodor Chaliapin</a></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Scala_Orchestra_and_Chorus_-_Poli,_Gigli,_Baronti_-_La_Boh%C3%A8me_-_Act_4_-_Dorme%3F_Riposa_-_Hmv-db8452-2ba2383.ogg" title="File:La Scala Orchestra and Chorus - Poli, Gigli, Baronti - La Bohème - Act 4 - Dorme? Riposa - Hmv-db8452-2ba2383.ogg">"Dorme? Riposa." (finale)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_7" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="269" data-mwtitle="La_Scala_Orchestra_and_Chorus_-_Poli,_Gigli,_Baronti_-_La_Bohème_-_Act_4_-_Dorme?_Riposa_-_Hmv-db8452-2ba2383.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/La_Scala_Orchestra_and_Chorus_-_Poli%2C_Gigli%2C_Baronti_-_La_Boh%C3%A8me_-_Act_4_-_Dorme%3F_Riposa_-_Hmv-db8452-2ba2383.ogg/La_Scala_Orchestra_and_Chorus_-_Poli%2C_Gigli%2C_Baronti_-_La_Boh%C3%A8me_-_Act_4_-_Dorme%3F_Riposa_-_Hmv-db8452-2ba2383.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/La_Scala_Orchestra_and_Chorus_-_Poli%2C_Gigli%2C_Baronti_-_La_Boh%C3%A8me_-_Act_4_-_Dorme%3F_Riposa_-_Hmv-db8452-2ba2383.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> </div> <p>Marcello and Rodolfo are trying to work, though they are primarily talking about their girlfriends, who have left them and found wealthy lovers. Rodolfo has seen Musetta in a fine carriage and Marcello has seen Mimì dressed like a queen. The men both express their nostalgia (duet: <i>O Mimì, tu più non torni</i>—"O Mimì, will you not return?"). Schaunard and Colline arrive with a very frugal dinner and all parody eating a plentiful banquet, dance together and sing, before Schaunard and Colline engage in a mock duel. </p><p>Musetta suddenly appears; Mimì, who took up with a wealthy viscount after leaving Rodolfo in the spring, has left her patron. Musetta found her that day in the street, severely weakened by her illness, and Mimì begged Musetta to bring her to Rodolfo. Mimì, haggard and pale, is assisted onto a bed. Briefly, she feels as though she is recovering. Musetta and Marcello leave to sell Musetta's earrings in order to buy medicine, and Colline leaves to pawn his overcoat (<i>Vecchia zimarra</i>—"Old coat"). Schaunard leaves with Colline to give Mimì and Rodolfo some time together. Mimì tells Rodolfo that her love for him is her whole life (aria/duet, Mimì and Rodolfo: <i>Sono andati?</i>—"Have they gone?"). </p><p>To Mimì's delight, Rodolfo presents her with the pink bonnet he bought her, which he has kept as a souvenir of their love. They remember past happiness and their first meeting—the candles, the lost key (Mimi playfully confesses that she had figured out that Rodolfo had pocketed it). Mimì is overwhelmed by a seizure of coughing. The others return, with a gift of a muff to warm Mimì's hands and a cordial to soothe her cough. Mimì gently thanks Rodolfo for the muff, which she believes is a present from him, reassures him that she is better, and falls asleep. Musetta prays. Schaunard discovers that Mimì has died. Rodolfo rushes to the bed, calling Mimì's name in anguish. He sobs helplessly as the curtain falls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Instrumentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>La bohème</i> is scored for: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodwind_instrument" title="Woodwind instrument">woodwinds</a>: <a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolo</a>, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, <a href="/wiki/Cor_anglais" title="Cor anglais">cor anglais</a>, 2 clarinets (A, B-flat), <a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">bass clarinet</a> (A, B-flat), 2 bassoons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">brass</a>: 4 <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">horns</a> in F, 3 trumpets in F, 3 trombones, <a href="/wiki/Bass_trombone" title="Bass trombone">bass trombone</a></li> <li>percussion: <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">snare drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">triangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">cymbals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">xylophone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimes">chimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">strings</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a>, violins I, II, viola, cello, double bass</li> <li>off-stage (end of act 2): 4 <a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolos</a>, 6 trumpets, 2 <a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">snare drums</a> (occasionally on-stage)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recording_history">Recording history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Recording history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me_discography" title="La bohème discography"><i>La bohème</i> discography</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Boheme_Act_II_props_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/La_Boheme_Act_II_props_1.jpg/220px-La_Boheme_Act_II_props_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/La_Boheme_Act_II_props_1.jpg/330px-La_Boheme_Act_II_props_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/La_Boheme_Act_II_props_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="233" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Boheme_Act_II_props_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/La_Boheme_Act_II_props_2.jpg/220px-La_Boheme_Act_II_props_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/La_Boheme_Act_II_props_2.jpg/330px-La_Boheme_Act_II_props_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/La_Boheme_Act_II_props_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="239" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Prop designs for act 2 of <i>La bohème</i> for the world premiere performance</div></div></div></div> <p>The discography of <i>La bohème</i> is a long one with many distinguished recordings, including the 1972 Decca recording conducted by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a> with <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a> as Rodolfo and <a href="/wiki/Mirella_Freni" title="Mirella Freni">Mirella Freni</a> as Mimì (made before Pavarotti became an international superstar of opera),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenfieldLayton2009806_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenfieldLayton2009806-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 1973 RCA Victor recording conducted by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Sir Georg Solti</a> with <a href="/wiki/Montserrat_Caball%C3%A9" title="Montserrat Caballé">Montserrat Caballé</a> as Mimì and <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a> as Rodolfo which won the 1974 <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> for Best Opera Recording. The 1959 recording conducted by <a href="/wiki/Tullio_Serafin" title="Tullio Serafin">Tullio Serafin</a> with <a href="/wiki/Renata_Tebaldi" title="Renata Tebaldi">Renata Tebaldi</a> as Mimì and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bergonzi_(tenor)" title="Carlo Bergonzi (tenor)">Carlo Bergonzi</a> was included in the soundtrack of the 1987 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Moonstruck" title="Moonstruck">Moonstruck</a></i>. </p><p>The earliest commercially released full-length recording was probably that recorded in February 1917 and released on <a href="/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice" title="His Master's Voice">HMV</a>'s Italian label <a href="/wiki/La_voce_del_padrone" title="La voce del padrone">La Voce del Padrone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sabajno" title="Carlo Sabajno">Carlo Sabajno</a> conducted the <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala</a> Orchestra and Chorus with <a href="/wiki/Gemma_Bosini" title="Gemma Bosini">Gemma Bosini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reno_Andreini" title="Reno Andreini">Reno Andreini</a> as Mimì and Rodolfo. One of the most recent is the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Grammophon" title="Deutsche Grammophon">Deutsche Grammophon</a> release conducted by <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_de_Billy" title="Bertrand de Billy">Bertrand de Billy</a> with <a href="/wiki/Anna_Netrebko" title="Anna Netrebko">Anna Netrebko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolando_Villaz%C3%B3n" title="Rolando Villazón">Rolando Villazón</a> as Mimì and Rodolfo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenfieldLayton2009806_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenfieldLayton2009806-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several recordings with conductors closely associated with Puccini. In the 1946 RCA Victor recording, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a>, who conducted the world premiere of the opera, conducts the NBC Symphony Orchestra with <a href="/wiki/Jan_Peerce" title="Jan Peerce">Jan Peerce</a> as Rodolfo and <a href="/wiki/Licia_Albanese" title="Licia Albanese">Licia Albanese</a> as Mimì. It is the only recording of a Puccini opera by its original conductor. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham" title="Thomas Beecham">Thomas Beecham</a>, who worked closely with Puccini when preparing a 1920 production of <i>La bohème</i> in London,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conducted a performance of the opera in English released by Columbia Records in 1936 with <a href="/wiki/Dora_Labbette" title="Dora Labbette">Lisa Perli</a> as Mimì and <a href="/wiki/Heddle_Nash" title="Heddle Nash">Heddle Nash</a> as Rodolfo. Beecham also conducts on the 1956 RCA Victor recording with <a href="/wiki/Victoria_de_los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Victoria de los Ángeles">Victoria de los Ángeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jussi_Bj%C3%B6rling" title="Jussi Björling">Jussi Björling</a> as Mimì and Rodolfo. </p><p>Although the vast majority of recordings are in the original Italian, the opera has been recorded in several other languages. These include: a recording in French conducted by Erasmo Ghiglia with <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Doria" title="Renée Doria">Renée Doria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alain_Vanzo" title="Alain Vanzo">Alain Vanzo</a> as Mimì and Rodolfo (1960);<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a recording in German with Richard Kraus conducting the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Oper_Berlin" title="Deutsche Oper Berlin">Deutsche Oper Berlin</a> Orchestra and Chorus with <a href="/wiki/Trude_Eipperle" title="Trude Eipperle">Trude Eipperle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Wunderlich" title="Fritz Wunderlich">Fritz Wunderlich</a> as Mimì and Rodolfo (1956); and the 1998 release on the <a href="/wiki/Chandos_Records" title="Chandos Records">Chandos Opera in English</a> label with <a href="/wiki/David_Parry_(conductor)" title="David Parry (conductor)">David Parry</a> conducting the <a href="/wiki/Philharmonia_Orchestra" title="Philharmonia Orchestra">Philharmonia Orchestra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Haymon" title="Cynthia Haymon">Cynthia Haymon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_O%27Neill_(tenor)" title="Dennis O'Neill (tenor)">Dennis O'Neill</a> as Mimì and Rodolfo. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a>, who was closely associated with the role of Rodolfo, recorded the famous aria "Che gelida manina" in 1906. This aria has been recorded by nearly 500 tenors in at least seven different languages between 1900 and 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981 the A.N.N.A. Record Company released a six <a href="/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">LP</a> set with 101 different tenors singing the aria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_missing_act">The missing act</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The missing act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1957 Illica's widow died and his papers were given to the Parma Museum. Among them was the full libretto to <i>La bohème</i>. It was then discovered that the librettists had prepared an act which Puccini decided not to use in his composition.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is noteworthy for explaining Rodolfo's jealous remarks to Marcello in act 3. </p><p>The "missing act" is located in the timeline between the Café Momus scene and act 3 and describes an open-air party at Musetta's dwelling. Her protector has refused to pay further rent out of jealous feelings, and Musetta's furniture is moved into the courtyard to be auctioned off the following morning. The four Bohemians find in this an excuse for a party and arrange for wine and an orchestra. Musetta gives Mimì a beautiful gown to wear and introduces her to a Viscount. The pair dances a quadrille in the courtyard, which moves Rodolfo to jealousy. This explains his act 3 reference to the "moscardino di Viscontino" (young fop of a Viscount). As dawn approaches, furniture dealers gradually remove pieces for the morning auction. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Leoncavallo" title="Ruggero Leoncavallo">Ruggero Leoncavallo</a> composed <a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me_(Leoncavallo)" title="La bohème (Leoncavallo)">an opera</a> based the same source material, also titled <i>La bohème</i>; this episode is included in Leoncavallo's treatment which premiered in 1897. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derivative_works">Derivative works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Derivative works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1959 "<a href="/wiki/Quando_me%27n_vo%27" title="Quando me'n vo'">Musetta's Waltz</a>" was adapted by songwriter <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Worth" title="Bobby Worth">Bobby Worth</a> for the pop song "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_You_Know%3F" title="Don't You Know?">Don't You Know?</a>", a hit for <a href="/wiki/Della_Reese" title="Della Reese">Della Reese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MRI_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MRI-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier, it was used for another song, "One Night of Love".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969 in Paris, American free-jazz pianist <a href="/wiki/Dave_Burrell" title="Dave Burrell">Dave Burrell</a> recorded his <a href="/wiki/La_Vie_de_Boh%C3%A8me_(album)" title="La Vie de Bohème (album)"><i>La Vie de Bohème</i></a> with a seven-piece group of European and American musicians. The music on the double-LP is improvised and experimental, but the listener can still discern Puccini's themes, as well as the narrative arc of the complete opera.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Rent_(musical)" title="Rent (musical)">Rent</a></i>, a 1996 musical by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Larson" title="Jonathan Larson">Jonathan Larson</a>, is based on <i>La bohème</i>. Here the lovers, Roger and Mimi, are faced with AIDS and progress through the action with songs such as "Light My Candle", which have direct reference to <i>La bohème</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTRent_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTRent-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the character names are retained or are similar (e.g. the character Angel is given the surname "Schunard"), and at another point in the play, Roger's roommate and best friend Mark makes a wry reference to "Musetta's Waltz", which is a recurring theme throughout the first act and is played at the end of the second act. </p><p>The opera was adapted into a 1983 short story by the novelist <a href="/wiki/V._S._Pritchett" title="V. S. Pritchett">V. S. Pritchett</a> for publication by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> Association.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPritchett1983_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPritchett1983-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modernizations">Modernizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Modernizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Boheme_Act1_by_Gray_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/La_Boheme_Act1_by_Gray_crop.jpg/290px-La_Boheme_Act1_by_Gray_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/La_Boheme_Act1_by_Gray_crop.jpg/435px-La_Boheme_Act1_by_Gray_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/La_Boheme_Act1_by_Gray_crop.jpg/580px-La_Boheme_Act1_by_Gray_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Stage design for act 1 of <i>La bohème</i>, <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Gray_(artist)" title="Reginald Gray (artist)">Reginald Gray</a>, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Baz_Luhrmann" title="Baz Luhrmann">Baz Luhrmann</a> produced the opera for <a href="/wiki/Opera_Australia" title="Opera Australia">Opera Australia</a> in 1990<sup id="cite_ref-BBCBaz1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCBaz1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with modernized <a href="/wiki/Surtitles" title="Surtitles">supertitle</a> translations, and a budget of only <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">A$</a>60,000 (A$130,545.17 in 2022). A DVD was issued of the stage show. According to Luhrmann, this version was set in 1957 (rather than the original period of 1830) because "...[they] discovered that 1957 was a very, very accurate match for the social and economic realities of Paris in the 1840s."<sup id="cite_ref-BBCBaz1_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCBaz1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, Luhrmann restaged his version on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>, the production won two <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Awards</a> out of six nominations; for Best Scenic Design and Best Lighting Design as well as a special award, the Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre. This rendition is notable for being the debut of <a href="/wiki/Joe_Jonas" title="Joe Jonas">Joe Jonas</a>, who portrayed Oliver.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To play the eight performances per week on Broadway, three casts of Mimìs and Rodolfos, and two Musettas and Marcellos, were used in rotation.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCBaz2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCBaz2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A TV movie was released in 1965 directed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Semmelroth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Semmelroth (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Semmelroth</a> and designed by <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a>, based on the latter's previously directed version for stage. It starred <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Raimondi" title="Gianni Raimondi">Gianni Raimondi</a> in the role of Rodolfo and <a href="/wiki/Mirella_Freni" title="Mirella Freni">Mirella Freni</a> as Mimi. The soundtrack, however, was pre-recorded and lip-synced, and conducted by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robin_Norton-Hale" title="Robin Norton-Hale">Robin Norton-Hale</a> directed a new production at the <a href="/wiki/Cock_Tavern_Theatre" title="Cock Tavern Theatre">Cock Tavern Theatre</a>, Kilburn, for <a href="/wiki/OperaUpClose" title="OperaUpClose">OperaUpClose</a> in December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For act 2 the entire audience and cast moved downstairs to the pub itself, with the pub's patrons serving as extras in the Cafe Momus scene. In 2010 the production was transferred to the West End's <a href="/wiki/Soho_Theatre" title="Soho Theatre">Soho Theatre</a> and won a <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurence Olivier Award">Laurence Olivier Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2019 production by Canada's Against the Grain Theatre featured a translated English libretto, and transposed the story to a contemporary Canadian urban setting.<sup id="cite_ref-cbc_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This production toured several Canadian cities before its production at <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>'s Tranzac Club was livestreamed by <a href="/wiki/CBC_Gem" class="mw-redirect" title="CBC Gem">CBC Gem</a> on 13 October.<sup id="cite_ref-cbc_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CBC broadcast received two <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Screen Award">Canadian Screen Award</a> nominations at the <a href="/wiki/9th_Canadian_Screen_Awards" title="9th Canadian Screen Awards">9th Canadian Screen Awards</a> in 2021, for Best Performing Arts Program and Best Direction in a TV Movie.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Puccini called the divisions <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quadro" class="extiw" title="wikt:quadro">quadri</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tableau" class="extiw" title="wikt:tableau">tableaux</a></i> or "images", rather than <i>atti</i> (acts).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/La-Boh%C3%A8me">"La Bohème"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com Unabridged</a></i> (Online). n.d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Boh%C3%A8me&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2FLa-Boh%25C3%25A8me&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroosParker19861-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroosParker19861_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroosParker19861_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGroosParker1986">Groos & Parker 1986</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudden2002494-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudden2002494_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudden2002494_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudden2002">Budden 2002</a>, p. 494.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905080732/http://operabase.com/top.cgi?lang=en#opera">"Opera Statistics on operabase.com"</a>. Operabase. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://operabase.com/top.cgi?lang=en#opera">the original</a> on 5 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opera+Statistics+on+operabase.com&rft.pub=Operabase&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foperabase.com%2Ftop.cgi%3Flang%3Den%23opera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGioia2016" class="citation web cs1">Gioia, Michael (5 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://playbill.com/article/the-creation-of-rent-how-jonathan-larson-transformed-an-idea-into-a-groundbreaking-musical">"The Creation of Rent—How Jonathan Larson Transformed an Idea into a Groundbreaking Musical"</a>. <i>Playbill</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=The+Creation+of+Rent%E2%80%94How+Jonathan+Larson+Transformed+an+Idea+into+a+Groundbreaking+Musical&rft.date=2016-02-05&rft.aulast=Gioia&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplaybill.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-creation-of-rent-how-jonathan-larson-transformed-an-idea-into-a-groundbreaking-musical&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendell2012" class="citation book cs1">Kendell, Colin (2012). <i>The Complete Puccini: The Story of the World's Most Popular Operatic Composer</i>. Amberley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0B2578RCL">B0B2578RCL</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Puccini%3A+The+Story+of+the+World%27s+Most+Popular+Operatic+Composer&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0B2578RCL%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Kendell&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grove-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grove_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Budden" title="Julian Budden">Julian Budden</a>: "<i>La bohème</i>", <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i> ed. L. Macy (Accessed 23 November 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com">(subscription access)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/">Archived</a> 16 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourne2010" class="citation book cs1">Bourne, Joyce (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ClWcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA255"><i>A Dictionary of Opera Characters</i></a> (Revised ed.). OUP Oxford. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955039-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955039-5"><bdi>978-0-19-955039-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Opera+Characters&rft.pages=255&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955039-5&rft.aulast=Bourne&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DClWcAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtthill1979" class="citation book cs1">Atthill, Catherine (1979). <i>Phaidon book of the opera: a survey of 780 operas from 1597</i>. Phaidon. p. 314.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phaidon+book+of+the+opera%3A+a+survey+of+780+operas+from+1597&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=Phaidon&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Atthill&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2007" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Alexandra (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.friendfeed-media.com/67b67f43de31fce512151e9e74467deeeb65dcb1"><i>The Puccini Problem</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 40<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Puccini+Problem&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.friendfeed-media.com%2F67b67f43de31fce512151e9e74467deeeb65dcb1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amadeus-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amadeus_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amadeus_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amadeus_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amadeus_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amadeus_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amadeus_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amadeus_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amadeus_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amadeus_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com/index.php?Testo=La_bohème&Parola=Stringa"> "<i>La bohème</i>"</a>. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"La prima della Boheme a Parigi". <i><a href="/wiki/La_Stampa" title="La Stampa">La Stampa</a></i> (in Italian). 14 June 1898. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Stampa&rft.atitle=La+prima+della+Boheme+a+Parigi&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1898-06-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mg-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mg_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mg_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Manchester Guardian</a></i>, 23 April 1897, p. 6<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The citation is not specific enough to facilitate source verification (January 2020)">not specific enough to verify</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC_premiere-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYC_premiere_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, Thomas Allston. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&id=9aoUZnD4UIIC&pg=GBS.PA359"><i>A History of the New York Stage, Vol. 3.</i></a> (Dodd, Mead and Company; New York; 1903), p. 359; and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1898/05/17/102525400.pdf">"Musical and Dramatic. Puccini's <i>La bohème</i> Sung in Italian Last Night at Wallack's Theatre,"</a> <i>The New York Times,</i> 17 May 1898</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operatoday.com/content/2012/02/an_aria_of_linc.php">"An Aria of Lincoln Center – The Metropolitan Opera"</a> by Veronica Shine, <i>Opera Today</i>, 3 February 2012; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://69.18.170.204/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/gisrch31.r?Term=1966&limit=500&xBranch=ALL&xmtype=&xsdate=&xedate=&theterm=1966&xhome=&xhomepath=&x=0">Met performances 1966</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220316024549/http://69.18.170.204/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/gisrch31.r?Term=1966&limit=500&xBranch=ALL&xmtype=&xsdate=&xedate=&theterm=1966&xhome=&xhomepath=&x=0">Archived</a> 16 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Páscoa, Márcio: Cronologia Lírica de Belém, p. 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrvin1985[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2018]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2018)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrvin1985[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2018]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2018)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIrvin1985">Irvin 1985</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/2012/11/29/the-death-of-giacomo-puccini-brussels-29-november-1924/">"The Death of Giacomo Puccini"</a>. The British Newspaper Archive. 29 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Death+of+Giacomo+Puccini&rft.pub=The+British+Newspaper+Archive&rft.date=2012-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2F2012%2F11%2F29%2Fthe-death-of-giacomo-puccini-brussels-29-november-1924%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salzburgerfestspiele.at/archive_detail/programid/4577">Salzburg Festival</a>. Retrieved 28 October 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroosParker1986127-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroosParker1986127_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGroosParker1986">Groos & Parker 1986</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Britten, Benjamin. "Verdi – A Symposium", <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_(British_magazine)" title="Opera (British magazine)">Opera</a></i> magazine, February 1951, pp. 113–114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com/index.php?Giorno=01&Mese=02&Anno=1896&Testo=La_bohème&Parola=Stringa"> "<i>La bohème</i>,<span class="nowrap"> </span>1 February 1896"</a>. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelitz1913173–175-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelitz1913173–175_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMelitz1913">Melitz 1913</a>, pp. 173–175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imslp.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me,_SC_67_(Puccini,_Giacomo)#IMSLP43676">"La bohème, SC 67 (Puccini, Giacomo) – IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download"</a>. <i>imslp.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imslp.org&rft.atitle=La+boh%C3%A8me%2C+SC+67+%28Puccini%2C+Giacomo%29+%E2%80%93+IMSLP%3A+Free+Sheet+Music+PDF+Download&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimslp.org%2Fwiki%2FLa_boh%25C3%25A8me%2C_SC_67_%28Puccini%2C_Giacomo%29%23IMSLP43676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenfieldLayton2009806-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenfieldLayton2009806_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenfieldLayton2009806_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreenfieldLayton2009">Greenfield & Layton 2009</a>, p. 806.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Operadis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLPUBOHE.HTM"><i>La bohème discography</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101128011231/http://operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLPUBOHE.HTM">Archived</a> 28 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tommasini" title="Anthony Tommasini">Tommasini, Anthony</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/22/arts/theater/22TOMM.html?pagewanted=all">"Look What They're Doing to Opera"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 22 December 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101128011231/http://operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLPUBOHE.HTM#66">"Details at Operadis"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLPUBOHE.HTM#66">the original</a> on 28 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Details+at+Operadis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk%2FCLPUBOHE.HTM%2366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaman, William et al., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=En3QYRnApqMC&q=%22gelida+manina%22"><i>More EJS: Discography of the Edward J. Smith recordings</i></a>, Issue 81 of <i>Discographies Series</i>, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999, pp. 455–56. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-29835-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-29835-1">0-313-29835-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalmanoff1984" class="citation web cs1">Kalmanoff, Martin (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120526191838/http://oq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/2/3/121">"The Missing Act"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/2/3/121">the original</a> on 26 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Missing+Act&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Kalmanoff&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foq.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fpdf_extract%2F2%2F3%2F121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MRI-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MRI_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinell2008" class="citation web cs1">Ginell, Cary (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musicreports.com/content_article.php?article_id=70">"Smart Licensing: Where Have I Heard That Before?"</a>. Music Reports Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smart+Licensing%3A+Where+Have+I+Heard+That+Before%3F&rft.pub=Music+Reports+Inc&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Ginell&rft.aufirst=Cary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicreports.com%2Fcontent_article.php%3Farticle_id%3D70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burke, Brandon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/mw0000877035">David Burrell: <i>La Vie de Bohème</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 17 April 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTRent-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTRent_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Tommasini1996" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tommasini" title="Anthony Tommasini">Anthony Tommasini</a> (17 March 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/17/theater/theather-the-seven-year-odyssey-that-led-to-rent.html">"Theather [<i>sic</i>]; The Seven-Year Odyssey that Led to <i>Rent</i>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Theather%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B%3B+The+Seven-Year+Odyssey+that+Led+to+Rent&rft.date=1996-03-17&rft.au=Anthony+Tommasini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F03%2F17%2Ftheater%2Ftheather-the-seven-year-odyssey-that-led-to-rent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPritchett1983-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPritchett1983_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPritchett1983">Pritchett 1983</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCBaz1-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCBaz1_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCBaz1_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaggie_Shiels2002" class="citation web cs1">Maggie Shiels (10 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/2305609.stm">"Baz's Broadway opera"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Baz%27s+Broadway+opera&rft.date=2002-07-10&rft.au=Maggie+Shiels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2F2305609.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/music/sd-et-music-joe-jonas-interview-20170106-story.html">"Joe Jonas talks DNCE, 'Cake by the Ocean,' Miles Davis and Mariah Carey"</a>. 11 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joe+Jonas+talks+DNCE%2C+%27Cake+by+the+Ocean%2C%27+Miles+Davis+and+Mariah+Carey&rft.date=2017-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fsd-et-music-joe-jonas-interview-20170106-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=13346">"Internet Broadway Database, IBDB"</a>. Internet Broadway Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internet+Broadway+Database%2C+IBDB&rft.pub=Internet+Broadway+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibdb.com%2Fproduction.php%3Fid%3D13346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=13346">2002 production details at the IBDB database</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCBaz2-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCBaz2_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaggie_Shiels2002" class="citation web cs1">Maggie Shiels (21 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/reviews/2346351.stm">"Baz's brilliant <i>La Bohème</i>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Baz%27s+brilliant+La+Boh%C3%A8me&rft.date=2002-10-21&rft.au=Maggie+Shiels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2Freviews%2F2346351.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Moss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/dec/03/operaupclose-puccini-pub">"OperaUpClose: Puccini in the pub"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i> (London), 3 December 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anna Picard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/reviews/la-bohegraveme-cock-tavern-theatre-kilburn-londonbrjansons--royal-concertgebouw-orchestra-barbican-london-1845572.html">"<i>La Bohème</i>, Cock Tavern Theatre, Kilburn, London: A tiny and youthful production of <i>La Bohème</i> has authenticity..."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145524/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/reviews/la-bohegraveme-cock-tavern-theatre-kilburn-londonbrjansons--royal-concertgebouw-orchestra-barbican-london-1845572.html">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Independent</i> (London), 21 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12728768">Time Masters, "Puccini in a pub triumphs at Olivier Awards"</a>, on bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 21 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbc-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbc_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbc_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/arts/this-reimagined-version-of-la-boheme-is-set-in-a-toronto-bar-and-you-can-watch-it-live-1.5306003">"This reimagined version of La Bohème is set in a Toronto bar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_Arts" title="CBC Arts">CBC Arts</a>, 2 October 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brent Furdyk, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etcanada.com/news/762146/television-nominees-announced-for-2021-canadian-screen-awards-schitts-creek-leads-the-pack-with-21-nominations/">"Television Nominees Announced For 2021 Canadian Screen Awards, 'Schitt's Creek' Leads The Pack With 21 Nominations"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401224918/https://etcanada.com/news/762146/television-nominees-announced-for-2021-canadian-screen-awards-schitts-creek-leads-the-pack-with-21-nominations/">Archived</a> 1 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ET_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="ET Canada">ET Canada</a></i>, 30 March 2021.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudden2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Budden" title="Julian Budden">Budden, Julian</a> (2002). <i>Puccini: His Life and Works</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816468-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816468-5"><bdi>978-0-19-816468-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Puccini%3A+His+Life+and+Works&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-816468-5&rft.aulast=Budden&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroosParker1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Groos" title="Arthur Groos">Groos, Arthur</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roger_Parker" title="Roger Parker">Parker, Roger</a>, eds. (1986). "<i>La bohème</i>". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/giacomopuccinila0000groo"><i>Cambridge Opera Handbooks</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-26489-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-26489-8"><bdi>0-521-26489-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+boh%C3%A8me&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Opera+Handbooks&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-521-26489-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgiacomopuccinila0000groo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrvin1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Irvin" title="Eric Irvin">Irvin, Eric</a> (1985). <i>Dictionary of the Australian Theatre 1788–1914</i>. Hale & Iremonger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86806-127-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86806-127-6"><bdi>978-0-86806-127-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Australian+Theatre+1788%E2%80%931914&rft.pub=Hale+%26+Iremonger&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-86806-127-6&rft.aulast=Irvin&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenfieldLayton2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Greenfield" title="Edward Greenfield">Greenfield, Edward</a>; Layton, Robert (2009). March, Ivan; Czajkowski, Paul (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Penguin_Guide_to_Recorded_Classical_Music" title="The Penguin Guide to Recorded Classical Music"><i>The Penguin Guide to Recorded Classical Music 2010</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-104162-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-104162-9"><bdi>978-0-14-104162-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Guide+to+Recorded+Classical+Music+2010&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-14-104162-9&rft.aulast=Greenfield&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Layton%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelitz1913" class="citation book cs1">Melitz, Leo (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/operagoerscomple00meliuoft#page/172/mode/2up"><i>The Opera Goer's Complete Guide</i></a>. Salinger, Richard (translator). New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Opera+Goer%27s+Complete+Guide&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+and+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Melitz&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Foperagoerscomple00meliuoft%23page%2F172%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchett1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/V._S._Pritchett" title="V. S. Pritchett">Pritchett, V. S.</a> (1983). <i>La bohème</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_(publisher)" title="Michael Joseph (publisher)">Michael Joseph</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7181-2303-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7181-2303-4"><bdi>0-7181-2303-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+boh%C3%A8me&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Michael+Joseph&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-7181-2303-4&rft.aulast=Pritchett&rft.aufirst=V.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+boh%C3%A8me" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_boh%C3%A8me&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:La_boh%C3%A8me" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:La bohème">La bohème</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me,_SC_67_(Puccini,_Giacomo)" class="extiw" title="scores:La bohème, SC 67 (Puccini, Giacomo)"><i>La bohème</i></a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/variations/scores/bhq3853/index.html">Vocal Score</a> from the Indiana University School of Music.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210040236/http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.asp?showID=4315">San Diego OperaTalk! with Nick Reveles: <i>La bohème</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opera.stanford.edu/Puccini/LaBoheme/libretto.html">Libretto</a> (in Italian) from OperaGlass</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultur-fibel.de/Oper,La-Boheme_Puccini.htm">Synopsis, photos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225042836/http://www.kultur-fibel.de/oper,la-boheme_puccini.htm">Archived</a> 25 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opera-inside.com/la-boheme-by-giacomo-puccini-the-opera-guide/">Opera guide</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Giacomo_Puccini" title="Template:Giacomo Puccini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Giacomo_Puccini" title="Template talk:Giacomo Puccini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Giacomo_Puccini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Giacomo Puccini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Giacomo_Puccini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Giacomo_Puccini" title="List of compositions by Giacomo Puccini">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Villi" title="Le Villi">Le Villi</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edgar_(opera)" title="Edgar (opera)">Edgar</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manon_Lescaut_(Puccini)" title="Manon Lescaut (Puccini)">Manon Lescaut</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">La bohème</a></i> (1896) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me_discography" title="La bohème discography">discography</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tosca" title="Tosca">Tosca</a></i> (1900) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tosca_discography" title="Tosca discography">discography</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madama_Butterfly" title="Madama Butterfly">Madama Butterfly</a></i> (1904) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madama_Butterfly_discography" title="Madama Butterfly discography">discography</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_fanciulla_del_West" title="La fanciulla del West">La fanciulla del West</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_rondine" title="La rondine">La rondine</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_trittico" title="Il trittico">Il trittico</a></i> (1918) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_tabarro" title="Il tabarro">Il tabarro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suor_Angelica" title="Suor Angelica">Suor Angelica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Schicchi" title="Gianni Schicchi">Gianni Schicchi</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Schicchi_discography" title="Gianni Schicchi discography">discography</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a></i> (1924) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turandot_discography" title="Turandot discography">discography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Torna_ai_felici_d%C3%AC" title="Torna ai felici dì">Torna ai felici dì</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Donna_non_vidi_mai" title="Donna non vidi mai">Donna non vidi mai</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Quando_me%27n_vo%27" title="Quando me'n vo'">Quando me'n vo'</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/E_lucevan_le_stelle" title="E lucevan le stelle">E lucevan le stelle</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Recondita_armonia" title="Recondita armonia">Recondita armonia</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vissi_d%27arte" title="Vissi d'arte">Vissi d'arte</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ch%27ella_mi_creda" title="Ch'ella mi creda">Ch'ella mi creda</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/O_mio_babbino_caro" title="O mio babbino caro">O mio babbino caro</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_questa_reggia" title="In questa reggia">In questa reggia</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nessun_dorma" title="Nessun dorma">Nessun dorma</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Non_piangere,_Li%C3%B9" title="Non piangere, Liù">Non piangere, Liù</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tu_che_di_gel_sei_cinta" title="Tu che di gel sei cinta">Tu che di gel sei cinta</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Signore,_ascolta!" title="Signore, ascolta!">Signore, ascolta!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/O_soave_fanciulla" title="O soave fanciulla">O soave fanciulla</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Che_gelida_manina" title="Che gelida manina">Che gelida manina</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Un_bel_d%C3%AC,_vedremo" title="Un bel dì, vedremo">Un bel dì, vedremo</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Messa_(Puccini)" title="Messa (Puccini)">Messa di Gloria</a></i> (1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Puccini)" title="Requiem (Puccini)">Requiem</a></i> (1905)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me_(1926_film)" title="La Bohème (1926 film)"><i>La Bohème</i> (1926 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosca_(1956_film)" title="Tosca (1956 film)"><i>Tosca</i> (1956 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me_(1965_film)" title="La Bohème (1965 film)"><i>La Bohème</i> (1965 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me_(1988_film)" title="La Bohème (1988 film)"><i>La Bohème</i> (1988 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me_(2008_film)" title="La Bohème (2008 film)"><i>La Bohème</i> (2008 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosca_(2001_film)" title="Tosca (2001 film)"><i>Tosca</i> (2001 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Puccini" title="Jacopo Puccini">Jacopo Puccini</a> (great-great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Puccini" title="Domenico Puccini">Domenico Puccini</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonetta_Puccini" title="Simonetta Puccini">Simonetta Puccini</a> (granddaughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Puccini" title="Festival Puccini">Festival Puccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Ricordi" title="Giulio Ricordi">Giulio Ricordi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puccini_Spur" title="Puccini Spur">Puccini Spur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Puccini" title="Villa Puccini">Villa Puccini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Giacomo_Puccini" title="Category:Giacomo Puccini">Category</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loudspeaker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="sound icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/16px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/24px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/32px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Audio_files_of_music_by_Giacomo_Puccini" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Audio files of music by Giacomo Puccini">Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Henri_Murger&#039;s_Scenes_of_Bohemian_Life" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:La_Vie_de_Boh%C3%A8me" title="Template:La Vie de Bohème"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:La_Vie_de_Boh%C3%A8me" title="Template talk:La Vie de Bohème"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:La_Vie_de_Boh%C3%A8me" title="Special:EditPage/Template:La Vie de Bohème"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henri_Murger&#039;s_Scenes_of_Bohemian_Life" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Murger" title="Henri Murger">Henri Murger</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Scenes_of_Bohemian_Life" title="Scenes of Bohemian Life">Scenes of Bohemian Life</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">La bohème</a></i> (Puccini)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me_(Leoncavallo)" title="La bohème (Leoncavallo)">La bohème</a></i> (Leoncavallo)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me_(1926_film)" title="La Bohème (1926 film)">La Bohème</a></i> (1926 silent)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mimi_(1935_film)" title="Mimi (1935 film)">Mimi</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Vie_de_boh%C3%A8me_(1945_film)" title="La Vie de bohème (1945 film)">La Vie de bohème</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Boh%C3%A8me_(1965_film)" title="La Bohème (1965 film)">La Bohème</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Vie_de_Boh%C3%A8me_(1992_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Vie de Bohème (1992 film)">La Vie de Bohème</a></i> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Rent</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rent_(musical)" title="Rent (musical)">Rent</a></i> (1996 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rent_(film)" title="Rent (film)">Rent</a></i> (2005 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rent:_Filmed_Live_on_Broadway" title="Rent: Filmed Live on Broadway">Rent: Filmed Live on Broadway</a></i> (2008 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rent:_Live" title="Rent: Live">Rent: Live</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_(albums)" title="Rent (albums)">Albums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Vie_de_Boh%C3%A8me_(album)" title="La Vie de Bohème (album)">La Vie de Bohème</a></i> (1969 album)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me_discography" title="La bohème discography"><i>La bohème</i> discography</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/La_Vie_Boh%C3%A8me" title="La Vie Bohème">La Vie Bohème</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Seasons_of_Love" title="Seasons of Love">Seasons of Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_Me_or_Leave_Me" title="Take Me or Leave Me">Take Me or Leave Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Finale_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Finale B">Finale B</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-non-perform" aria-labelledby="Arturo_Toscanini" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arturo_Toscanini" title="Template:Arturo Toscanini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arturo_Toscanini" title="Template talk:Arturo Toscanini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arturo_Toscanini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arturo Toscanini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arturo_Toscanini" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operatic premieres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Otello" title="Otello">Otello</a></i> (as a cellist)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruggiero_Leoncavallo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruggiero Leoncavallo">Leoncavallo</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pagliacci" title="Pagliacci">Pagliacci</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Puccini</a> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">La bohème</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_fanciulla_del_West" title="La fanciulla del West">La fanciulla del West</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrigo_Boito" title="Arrigo Boito">Boito</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nerone_(Boito)" title="Nerone (Boito)">Nerone</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral premieres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">World premieres</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Barber" title="Samuel Barber">Barber</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adagio_for_Strings" title="Adagio for Strings">Adagio for Strings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Essay_for_Orchestra" title="Essay for Orchestra">Essay for Orchestra</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottorino_Respighi" title="Ottorino Respighi">Respighi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Festivals_(Respighi)" title="Roman Festivals (Respighi)">Feste romane</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">US premieres</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Kabalevsky" title="Dmitry Kabalevsky">Kabalevsky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colas_Breugnon_(opera)" title="Colas Breugnon (opera)">Overture to Colas Breugnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Kabalevsky)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Kabalevsky)">Symphony No. 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Shostakovich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._7_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 7 (Shostakovich)">Symphony No. 7</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Toscanini" title="Walter Toscanini">Walter Toscanini</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanda_Toscanini_Horowitz" title="Wanda Toscanini Horowitz">Wanda Toscanini Horowitz</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini_discography" title="Arturo Toscanini discography">Arturo Toscanini discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_of_the_Nations" title="Hymn of the Nations"><i>Arturo Toscanini: Hymn of the Nations</i></a> (1944 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toscanini:_The_Maestro" title="Toscanini: The Maestro">Toscanini: The Maestro</a></i> (1985 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Cantelli" title="Guido Cantelli">Guido Cantelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laurence_Olivier_Award_for_Best_New_Opera_Production" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #E0E0E0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OlivierAward_OperaProduction" title="Template:OlivierAward OperaProduction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OlivierAward_OperaProduction" title="Template talk:OlivierAward OperaProduction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OlivierAward_OperaProduction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OlivierAward OperaProduction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laurence_Olivier_Award_for_Best_New_Opera_Production" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Award_for_Best_New_Opera_Production" title="Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Opera Production">Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Opera Production</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E0E0E0;;width:1%">1993–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stiffelio" title="Stiffelio">Stiffelio</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">Royal Opera, London</a> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_damnation_de_Faust" title="La damnation de Faust">La damnation de Faust</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">Royal Opera, London</a> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khovanshchina" title="Khovanshchina">Khovanshchina</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Billy_Budd_(opera)" title="Billy Budd (opera)">Billy Budd</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">Royal Opera, London</a> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tristan_und_Isolde" title="Tristan und Isolde">Tristan und Isolde</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bunyan_(operetta)" title="Paul Bunyan (operetta)">Paul Bunyan</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">Royal Opera, London</a> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_clemenza_di_Tito" title="La clemenza di Tito">La clemenza di Tito</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Welsh_National_Opera" title="Welsh National Opera">Welsh National Opera</a> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hansel_and_Gretel_(opera)" title="Hansel and Gretel (opera)">Hansel and Gretel</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Welsh_National_Opera" title="Welsh National Opera">Welsh National Opera</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E0E0E0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Passion_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greek Passion (opera)">The Greek Passion</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">Royal Opera, London</a> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Solitude" title="Boulevard Solitude">Boulevard Solitude</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">Royal Opera, London</a> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">Royal Opera, London</a> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Troyens" title="Les Troyens">The Trojans: Parts I and II</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Macbeth_of_Mtsensk_(opera)" title="Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk (opera)">Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">Royal Opera, London</a> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madama_Butterfly" title="Madama Butterfly">Madama Butterfly</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jenufa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenufa">Jenufa</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_et_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera)" title="Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)">Pelléas and Mélisande</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">Royal Opera, London</a> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partenope" title="Partenope">Partenope</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tristan_und_Isolde" title="Tristan und Isolde">Tristan und Isolde</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">Royal Opera, London</a> (2010)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bohème</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Soho_Theatre" title="Soho Theatre">Soho Theatre</a> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Castor_et_Pollux" title="Castor et Pollux">Castor and Pollux</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/London_Coliseum" title="London Coliseum">Coliseum Theatre</a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Einstein_on_the_Beach" title="Einstein on the Beach">Einstein on the Beach</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Barbican_Centre" title="Barbican Centre">Barbican Theatre</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_v%C3%AApres_siciliennes" title="Les vêpres siciliennes">Les vêpres siciliennes</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">The Royal Opera</a> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Meistersinger_von_N%C3%BCrnberg" title="Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg">The Mastersingers of Nuremberg</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana" title="Cavalleria rusticana">Cavalleria rusticana</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Pagliacci" title="Pagliacci">Pagliacci</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">The Royal Opera</a> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akhnaten_(opera)" title="Akhnaten (opera)">Akhnaten</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semiramide" title="Semiramide">Semiramide</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">The Royal Opera</a> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1%C5%A5a_Kabanov%C3%A1" title="Káťa Kabanová">Katya Kabanova</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Billy_Budd_(opera)" title="Billy Budd (opera)">Billy Budd</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a> (2020)</li> <li><s>(2021 Covid-19)</s></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jen%C5%AFfa" title="Jenůfa">Jenůfa</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">The Royal Opera</a> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alcina" title="Alcina">Alcina</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">The Royal Opera</a> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Innocence_(opera)" title="Innocence (opera)">Innocence</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Opera" title="The Royal Opera">The Royal Opera</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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