CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title> Distributed energy resources in Switzerland | International Bar Association</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta name="title" content="Distributed energy resources in Switzerland "> <meta name="keywords" content="Power Law Committee eBulletin November 2024"> <meta name="description" content="Switzerland is introducing a new legal structure the local electricity community (LEC) in 2024 as part of its energy transition. The aim of is to enable groups of individuals or legal entities to become collectively involved in projects for the production and consumption of renewable electricity, such as solar, wind or biomass. This article looks at this new legal structure in terms of how it works in practice, its relevance and its implications for Switzerland’s energy transition."> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"> <meta property="og:title" content="Distributed energy resources in Switzerland " /> <meta property="og:description" content="Switzerland is introducing a new legal structure the local electricity community (LEC) in 2024 as part of its energy transition. The aim of is to enable groups of individuals or legal entities to become collectively involved in projects for the production and consumption of renewable electricity, such as solar, wind or biomass. This article looks at this new legal structure in terms of how it works in practice, its relevance and its implications for Switzerland’s energy transition." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.ibanet.org/distributed-energy-resources-switzerland" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.ibanet.org/medias/iba-placeholder-blue.png?context=bWFzdGVyfGFzc2V0c3w4NzU1fGltYWdlL3BuZ3xhRFEwTDJnMU5DODVNRGsyTVRnMk1qQXdNRGswTDJsaVlTMXdiR0ZqWldodmJHUmxjaTFpYkhWbExuQnVad3w2ZGE4ZTYxYmVhMDY3ZmY0N2ExMDM5YTlhNWY4ZDFiYzFkMDg1MGMxYWZjZDNhN2E1MWI3YmUxOGJkYzgwODM5" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" media="all" href="/_ui/responsive/theme-alpha/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/wro/base_responsive.css?v=948153693" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/wro/addons_responsive.css?v=948153693" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/_ui/responsive/theme-alpha/css/owl.carousel.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/_ui/responsive/theme-alpha/assets/css/fonts-icons/fontawesome.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_ui/responsive/theme-alpha/css/printing.css?v=948153693" media="print"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/configurable-style/FlexTemplate2V1/stylesheet.css?v=948153693" />  <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/consent/01905a83-279f-78f3-85a7-62a38ca23783/OtAutoBlock.js" type="text/javascript" ></script> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="01905a83-279f-78f3-85a7-62a38ca23783" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>  <script src="/_ui/shared/js/analyticsmediator.js"></script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-195227663-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); if (true) { // Set default consent settings gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'personalization_storage': 'denied', 'security_storage': 'granted', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'wait_for_update': 500 }); } gtag('config', 'UA-195227663-1'); function trackLogin() { gtag('event', 'login'); } function trackAddToCart(productCode, quantityAdded) { gtag('event', 'add_to_cart', { items: [{ id: productCode, quantity: quantityAdded }] }); } function trackRemoveFromCart(productCode, initialQuantity) { gtag('event', 'remove_from_cart', { items: [{ id: productCode, quantity: initialQuantity }] }); } window.mediator.subscribe('trackLogin', function() { trackLogin(); }); window.mediator.subscribe('trackAddToCart', function(data) { if (data.productCode && data.quantity) { trackAddToCart(data.productCode, data.quantity); } }); window.mediator.subscribe('trackRemoveFromCart', function(data) { if (data.productCode && data.initialCartQuantity) { trackRemoveFromCart(data.productCode, data.initialCartQuantity); } }); </script>  <script> (function(w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start' : new Date().getTime(), event : 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-NB67BL3'); </script>  </head> <body class="page-cmsitem-00297012 pageType-ContentPage template-pages-layout-flexTemplateLayoutPage2 pageLabel--distributed-energy-resources-switzerland smartedit-page-uid-cmsitem_00297012 smartedit-page-uuid-eyJpdGVtSWQiOiJjbXNpdGVtXzAwMjk3MDEyIiwiY2F0YWxvZ0lkIjoibWV4Q29udGVudENhdGFsb2ciLCJjYXRhbG9nVmVyc2lvbiI6Ik9ubGluZSJ9 smartedit-catalog-version-uuid-mexContentCatalog/Online language-en">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=UA-195227663-1" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="branding-mobile hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="js-mobile-logo"> </div> </div> <main data-currency-iso-code="GBP"> <div class="yCmsContentSlot"> <div class="content"><div class="js-banner-component" style="background: #ececec;padding: 12.5px 0px;border-bottom: 1px solid #DDD;"> <div class="container"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 text-center"> <a class="LexisNexis-BannerAd d-block" href="http://7608651.hs-sites.com/watch-how-jigsaw-is-making-ai-work-for-lawyers" target="_blank" type="button"><img alt="" class="img img-fluid d-flex mx-auto" src="/document?id=Jigsaw-AI-banner" title="Jigsaw AI" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><nav class="navbar top-nav header"> <div class="header__site-logo-mobile hidden-lg hidden-xl"> <div class="banner__component simple-banner logo"> <a href="/" aria-label="Home"> <img title="" alt="" src="/medias/logo.png?context=bWFzdGVyfGltYWdlc3wyMTU5NnxpbWFnZS9wbmd8YUdJekwyZzVOUzg0TnprMk1qazNNREF6TURNNEwyeHZaMjh1Y0c1bnw5ZjkyNGYwY2U3MTQ1NDk0NTRmMmExNzNmM2EzYzI3MTMxZWI2ZTgyMGIxZGFjNDVkMDkyNzRjYzIyMjQ1MmVk" class=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="header__left-side col-md-4 hidden-xs hidden-sm hidden-md"> <div class="banner__component simple-banner logo"> <a href="/" aria-label="Home"> <img title="" alt="" src="/medias/logo.png?context=bWFzdGVyfGltYWdlc3wyMTU5NnxpbWFnZS9wbmd8YUdJekwyZzVOUzg0TnprMk1qazNNREF6TURNNEwyeHZaMjh1Y0c1bnw5ZjkyNGYwY2U3MTQ1NDk0NTRmMmExNzNmM2EzYzI3MTMxZWI2ZTgyMGIxZGFjNDVkMDkyNzRjYzIyMjQ1MmVk" class=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="header__right-side d-flex align-items-center col-md-8"> <div class="form-inline my-2 header__search-bar col-md-8"> <div class="ui-front search-bar"> <form action="/search/" id="globalSearchForm"> <div class="floating-labels"> <div class="form-group search-section"> <input type="text" name="text" class="form-control js-site-search-input" id="site-search-input" value="" data-options="{ "autocompleteUrl" : "/search/autocomplete", "minCharactersBeforeRequest" : "3" }" maxlength="100"> <label for="site-search-input" class="site-search-input">Search...</label> <button class="btn header-search-btn input-group-btn js_search_button" aria-label="Search" type="submit"> <span class="searchIcon"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></span> </button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="my-account js-my-account-avatar"> <a href="/login" class="btn btn-primary btn-primary__sign-in my-2 my-sm-0"> Sign in</a> </div> <div class="nav-cart mini-cart"> <a href="/cart" data-toggle="tooltip" title="Your cart is empty"> <i class="fas fa-shopping-cart fa-xl"></i> </a> </div></div> <button class="navbar-toggler p-0 on-mobile" type="button" data-toggle="offcanvas" aria-label="Browse through the navigation bar"> <div class="hamburger"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </div> </button> </div> </nav> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg bg-dark"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-collapse offcanvas-collapse"> <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"> <li class="navbar-nav__account nav-item hidden-lg hidden-xl"> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">About</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdown01"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Contact-the-IBA" >Contact the IBA</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/About-the-IBA" >About the IBA</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/governance-and-management" >Governance, leadership and management</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Task-Forces" >Task forces</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Special-Projects-Fund" >Special projects fund</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Charitable-trusts" >Charitable trusts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/past-presidents" >Past presidents</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">IBA Presidency</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdown01"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/IBA-Presidency-Blog" >IBA Presidency</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Committees / Divisions</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdown01"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/lpd" >Legal Practice Division</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/PPID" >Public and Professional Interest Division</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Bar-Associations-Home" >Bar Issues Commission - Bar Associations</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/committees" >Committee index</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/committees/divisions/legalPractice/lpdSections" >Section index</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/unit/Regional+Fora/section/Regional+Fora/218" >Regional fora</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Diversity-and-Inclusion-Council" >Diversity & Inclusion Council</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Outreach</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdown01"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/IBAHRI" >Human Rights Institute</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/IBAHRIsecretariat" >High Level Panel - Media Freedom</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/LPRU" >Legal Policy and Research Unit</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.eyewitness.global" target="_blank" >eyeWitness</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="" >Education and Internships</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/IBA-Foundation" >IBA Foundation</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Podcast-series-Sustainable-law-in-action" >Sustainable law podcast series </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Scholarships-and-Awards" >Scholarships and Awards</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/IBA-Barbri-Negotiation-Skills-Course" >IBA/Barbri Negotiation Skills Course</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/ICC-ICL-Programme" >ICC & ICL Programme</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/ICC-Moot-Court-Competition" >IBA ICC Moot Court Competition</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/articles?type=NEWS_RELEASE" >News releases</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Membership</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdown01"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Join" >Join the IBA</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/my-account/memberDirectory" >Membership directory</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Conferences / Events</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdown01"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/conferences" >Conference diary</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Advertising-and-Sponsorship/Specialist-Conference" >Specialist conference sponsorship</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Digital Content</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdown01"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/IBA-Digital-Content" >Digital Content home</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/IBA-Global-Insight" >Global Insight</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/articles?type=NEWS_ANALYSIS" >News analysis</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/articles?type=PODCASTS" >Global Insight podcasts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/articles?type=FILMS" >Films</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/IHP" >In-House Perspective</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Journals" >Journals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/committee-content" >Committee content</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/resources" >Guides and reports</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Books" >Books</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/e-News-Advertising" >e-News advertising</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/Advertising-and-Sponsorship/Leaderboard-Advertising" >Leaderboard advertising</a> </div> </li> <li class="navbar-nav__sign-out nav-item hidden-lg hidden-xl"> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="main__inner-wrapper"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="yCmsContentSlot row"> <div class="yCmsComponent"> <a href="https://www.ibanet.org/articles/3029" title="See all Power Law Committee articles">See all Power Law Committee articles</a></div></div></div> <div class="container"> <div class="yCmsContentSlot row"> <div class="yCmsComponent col-12"> <div class="container articleSection"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-12"> <div> <h1 class="articleTitle">Distributed energy resources in Switzerland </h1> <div class="authorDate">Wednesday 6 November 2024</div></div> </div> </div> <p>Mathieu Simona and Maurice Sila<br /> <em>Chabrier Avocats Sàrl, Geneva<br /> </em><a href="mailto:simona@chabrier.ch">simona@chabrier.ch</a></p> <h1 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: medium;">Background</h1> <p>Switzerland<a href="#_edn1" name="_ednref1" title=""><sup>[1]</sup></a> has set itself the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Achieving this objective means investing massively in renewable energies, the decentralised nature of which poses fresh challenges. First, the investment required, as well as the regular maintenance that must necessarily follow, can be complicated for small players who are not used to setting up projects of this kind. These players can therefore benefit from local groupings. Second, the grid is not designed for the production of decentralised electricity and will therefore require investment as well as encouragement for an efficient use of existing infrastructure.</p><p>In response to this, the Self-Consumption Community (SCC) was introduced in 2016. This allows neighbouring landowners to pool a renewable energy installation which they consume themselves. Typically, this involves solar panels on a building, the electricity from which is consumed directly instead of being fed into the grid. Excess production is sold to the grid, however, while residual needs are covered by the distribution network operator (DNO).</p><p>The LEC concept, for its part, is largely inspired by European Union legislation, which aims to increase citizen participation in energy production, in particular via the Renewable Energy Community (REC). However, the LEC differs in that its approach is more open in terms of possible participants, and more closed in terms of the community’s purpose. Whereas access to RECs is limited to local players, large companies and DNOs can participate in LECs. However, the latter only involves electricity, whereas the REC can also concern other forms of renewable energy, such as heat.<a href="#_edn2" name="_ednref2" title=""><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> <h1 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: medium;">How LEC’s work</h1> <p>The essence of LECs lies in the fact that their members are able to produce and market the energy they generate, while benefiting from reductions in grid usage charges. In practical terms, members of an LEC can sell their surplus energy to other members or sell it to the DNO. Electricity produced within the LEC benefits from a 30 per cent reduction on the grid usage tariff for local consumption. This reduction lowers to 15 per cent if several network levels are used. On the other hand, no discount is applied to electricity provided by the DNO.</p><p>LECs have a great deal of freedom when it comes to setting prices for electricity generated in-house. They can therefore set their own rules for billing and remunerating members, which encourages flexibility and autonomy in the management of locally-generated energy.</p><p>The use of the grid by a LEC is limited to low and medium voltage grids, up to 36 kV, which corresponds to the reality of local infrastructures in Switzerland.</p><p>For members, the advantage of participating in a LEC lies in the pooling of resources and in making their surplus energy profitable by selling it directly to end consumers or to the grid.</p> <h1 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: medium;">Access conditions</h1> <p>The law lays down a number of conditions for access to LECs. Those communities can be accessed by prosumers (a category that includes SCC), ordinary end consumers, storage facility operators and producers of electricity from renewable energy sources. Electricity supply companies can also integrate production or storage facilities into a LEC. All must be equipped with a smart meter, which are now compulsory in Switzerland for end consumers.</p><p>Participation in a given LEC is also limited geographically. All participants must be located in the same municipality and be served by the same DNO.</p><p>Finally, the capacity of the generation facilities included in the LEC must represent at least 20 per cent of the connection capacity of all participating end consumers.</p><p>Each LEC may also set additional entry requirements and conditions.</p> <h1 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: medium;">Criticisms and conclusion</h1> <p>Internationally, the scientific literature tends to focus on local energy communities from a political or sociological angle, for example by studying the forms of organisation that emerge in this context.<a href="#_edn3" name="_ednref3" title=""><sup>[3]</sup></a> There are few studies as to their actual effect on grid consumption and renewable energy production.</p><p>Industry players warn that because LECs are limited to the lowest network levels, combined with too small a reduction in the grid usage tariff, the savings made under an LEC are unlikely to be enough to outweigh the additional administrative costs. Lacking profitability, this structure would be condemned to remain limited in practice.<a href="#_edn4" name="_ednref4" title=""><sup>[4]</sup></a></p><p>In conclusion, the CEL is part of a European trend to encourage self-consumption and citizen involvement in the production of renewable energy at local level. Practical experience will tell whether this new structure fulfils its promises, whether adaptations will be necessary to make it usable in practice, or whether it is just an attempt to stick to a ‘fad’ with no real practical implications.</p><div> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="edn1"><p><b>Notes</b></p><p><a href="#_ednref1" name="_edn1" title=""><sup>[1]</sup></a> Information correct as of 31 August 2024.</p></div><div id="edn2"><p><a href="#_ednref2" name="_edn2" title=""><sup>[2]</sup></a> Swiss Federal Council, Explanatory report, 21 February 2024 fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-dl-proj-2024-2-cons_1-doc_9-fr-pdf-a.pdf</p></div><div id="edn3"><p><a href="#_ednref3" name="_edn3" title=""><sup>[3]</sup></a> Gilles Debizet and Marta Pappalardo, ‘Communautés énergétiques locales, coopératives citoyennes et autoconsommation collective: formes et trajectoires en France’, <i>Flux</i> 126, Oct-Dec 2021 https://shs.cairn.info/revue-flux-2021-4-page-1?lang=fr accessed 25 October 2024.</p></div><div id="edn4"> <p><a href="#_ednref4" name="_edn4" title=""><sup>[4]</sup></a> <i>Swissolar : La Confédération freine les communautés électriques locales</i>, March 2024, Swissolar : La Confédération freine les communautés électriques locales | energate messenger Schweiz (energate-messenger.ch)</p></div></div><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="related-links mt-2"> <h3>Similar topics</h3> <ul class="include-chevron"> <li><a href="/articles?tag=Power Law Committee eBulletin November 2024" title="">Power Law Committee eBulletin November 2024</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="share"> <li> <a data-href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.ibanet.org/distributed-energy-resources-switzerland" target="_blank" class="fab fa-twitter"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.ibanet.org/distributed-energy-resources-switzerland" target="_blank" class="fab fa-facebook-f"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.ibanet.org/distributed-energy-resources-switzerland" target="_blank" class="fab fa-linkedin-in"></a> </li> </ul> </div></div></div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="yCmsContentSlot row"> </div></div> <div class="container"> <div class="yCmsContentSlot row"> </div></div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="yCmsContentSlot row"> </div></div> <div class="container"> <div class="yCmsContentSlot row"> </div></div> </div> <div class="bg-light border-top printOff"> <footer class="py-5"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="yCmsContentSlot"> <div class="yCmsComponent w-100"> <div class="content"><style type="text/css">footer, .footer-bottom {background: #01277a !important;} .footer-bottom p, footer p, footer address ,footer li, footer a, .footer-bottom a {color: #FFFFFF!important; text-align:left;} .footer-bottom a#ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings{color:#FFFFFF !important;} </style> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-3 footerLogoAddress"> <div class="d-inline-flex d-md-block justify-content-cetner align-items-center"><img class="footer-logo mr-4 mr-md-0 mb-md-4" src="/document?id=IBA-logo-white" /> <div> <address> International Bar Association<br /> Chancery House<br /> 53-64 Chancery Lane<br /> London WC2A 1QS<br /> +44 (0) 20 7842 0090 </address> <a class="font-weight-bold mb-3" href="/Contact-the-IBA">Contact the IBA</a><br /> <a class="font-weight-bolder" href="/recruitment">Recruitment</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-9 footerMenus"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 d-flex justify-content-center"> <ul> <li><a href="/login" style="padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem; border-radius: 0.25rem;border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5);">Sign in</a></li> <li><a href="/join">Join the IBA <i class="fas fa-arrow-right pl-1"> </i></a></li> <li><a href="/conferences">Conferences & events</a></li> <li><a href="/conference-details/CONF2510">Toronto 2025</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 justify-content-center d-none d-md-flex"> <ul> <li class="mb-0" style="border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5);padding-bottom: 7.5px;"><span style="font-size:0.85rem">Global Insight</span></li> <li> <ul style="margin-top: 1rem;padding-left: 0rem;"> <li><a href="/IBA-Global-Insight">Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/articles?type=PODCASTS">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/articles?type=FILMS">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/IBA-Digital-Content">All Digital Content</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 justify-content-center d-none d-md-flex"> <ul> <li class="mb-0" style="border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5);padding-bottom: 7.5px;"><span style="font-size:0.85rem">Outreach</span></li> <li> <ul style="margin-top: 1rem;padding-left: 0rem;"> <li><a href="https://www.eyewitness.global/" target="_blank">eyeWitness</a></li> <li><a href="/IBAHRI">Human Rights Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/LPRU">Legal Policy & Research Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/ICC-ICL-Programme">ICC & ICL Programme</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 footerSocials"> <ul class="d-inline-flex w-100 justify-content-center" style="list-style-type:none;"> <li class="px-2 mb-0 d-flex align-items-center"><a href="https://twitter.com/IBAnews"><img class="img-fluid" src="/document?id=Twitter-X-logo-white" style="width: 22.5px; max-width: 22.5px" /></a></li> <li class="px-2 mb-0 d-flex align-items-center"> <h5 class="border-0 mb-0 pb-0"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/internationalbarassociation/"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"> </i></a></h5> </li> <li class="px-2 mb-0 d-flex align-items-center"> <h5 class="border-0 mb-0 pb-0"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/international-bar-association"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in"> </i></a></h5> </li> <li class="px-2 mb-0 d-flex align-items-center"> <h5 class="border-0 mb-0 pb-0"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFBdK6L4YDBKKL225HciTtA"><i class="fab fa-youtube"> </i></a></h5> </li> <li class="px-2 mb-0 d-flex align-items-center"> <h5 class="border-0 mb-0 pb-0"><a href="https://vimeo.com/ibafilms"><i class="fab fa-vimeo-v"> </i></a></h5> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="d-inline-flex flex-wrap justify-content-center w-100" id="footerCards"><img alt="VISA" class="CardPayment" src="https://checkoutshopper-live.adyen.com/checkoutshopper/images/logos/visa.svg" /> <img alt="MasterCard" class="CardPayment" src="https://checkoutshopper-live.adyen.com/checkoutshopper/images/logos/mc.svg" /> <img alt="American Express" class="CardPayment" src="https://checkoutshopper-live.adyen.com/checkoutshopper/images/logos/amex.svg" /> <img alt="Maestro" class="CardPayment" src="https://checkoutshopper-live.adyen.com/checkoutshopper/images/logos/maestro.svg" /> <img alt="China Union Pay" class="CardPayment" src="https://checkoutshopper-live.adyen.com/checkoutshopper/images/logos/cup.svg" /> <img alt="Diners Club" class="CardPayment" src="https://checkoutshopper-live.adyen.com/checkoutshopper/images/logos/diners.svg" /> <img alt="Discover" class="CardPayment" src="https://checkoutshopper-live.adyen.com/checkoutshopper/images/logos/discover.svg" /> <img alt="JCB" class="CardPayment" src="https://checkoutshopper-live.adyen.com/checkoutshopper/images/logos/jcb.svg" /></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-xs-18 "> <div class="yCmsContentSlot"> </div></div> <div class="col-md-6 col-xs-18 "> <div class="yCmsContentSlot"> </div></div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="yCmsContentSlot"> <div class="yCmsComponent footer-bottom printOff pb-4"> <div class="content"><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 text-center"> <p class="mb-0 mt-4"> <span class="d-block d-md-inline" style="font-size:0.9rem;">International Bar Association 2024 ©</span> <a class="d-block d-md-inline my-2 my-md-0 mx-0 mx-md-2" href="/privacy-policy">Privacy policy</a> <a class="d-block d-md-inline my-2 my-md-0 mx-0 mx-md-2" href="/terms-and-conditions">Terms & conditions</a> <a class="d-block d-md-inline my-2 my-md-0 mx-0 mx-md-2 ot-sdk-show-settings" id="ot-sdk-btn">Cookie Settings</a> <a class="d-block d-md-inline my-2 my-md-0 mx-0 mx-md-2" href="/IBA-Harassment-Policy">Harassment policy</a></p> <p class="mt-4" style="font-size:0.75rem;">International Bar Association is incorporated as a Not-for-Profit Corporation under the laws of the State of New York in the United States of America and is registered with the Department of State of the State of New York with registration number 071114000655 - and the liability of its members is limited. Its registered address in New York is c/o Capitol Services Inc, 1218 Central Avenue, Suite 100, Albany, New York 12205.</p> <p style="font-size:0.75rem;">The London office of International Bar Association is registered in England and Wales as a branch with registration number FC028342.</p> </div> </div> </div> <style type="text/css"> footer.py-5{padding-bottom:1rem !important;} footer ul{ list-style-type: none; width: 100%} footer ul li{padding-bottom:15px;} footer ul li ul li:last-child{margin-bottom:0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;} footer ul li a, .footer-bottom a{ font-weight: 400;} .footer-bottom a#ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings{color:#FFFFFF !important;} footer address{font-size:0.9rem;} footer .yCmsContentSlot, footer .row {width: 100%;margin: 0px !important;} img.footer-logo{width:100px;} #footerCards{order:4} #footerCards img.CardPayment{width: 50px; margin: 7.5px;border-radius: 4px;} @media screen and (max-width: 992px) { .footerMenus{order:1; padding: 0px !important;} .footerLogoAddress{order: 3;justify-content: center;display: flex;border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5);border-radius: 0.25rem;padding: 0.75rem 1rem;} .footerSocials{order:2;padding: 0px !important;} footer ul{padding-left: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px;} #footerCards img.CardPayment {width: calc(14.2% - 15px);margin: 25px 2.5px 0px;} } </style> <style type="text/css"> .main__inner-wrapper{min-height: calc(100vh - 146px);} .account-link.manage-conference:before {content: '\f073' !important;} .my-account__links a {white-space: nowrap;} span.addToFavourites, span.removeFromFavourites {margin-top:3px}} span.addToFavourites a, span.removeFromFavourites a{background: #01277a; padding: 10px 20px; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 400;line-height: 1.5;border-radius: 0.25rem; color: #FFFFFF !important;text-decoration: none !important;cursor:pointer;} .sessionInformation .locationDetails .title { margin: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;} .sessionInformation .sessionDescription{ display: none !important;} @media screen and (max-width: 767px){span.addToFavourites, span.removeFromFavourites {margin-top:15px}} .calendarSection{flex-direction: column !important;} .calendarSection .dropdown-menu, .calendarSection .dropdown-menu.show{position: relative !important;transform: none !important; top: auto !important;width: auto !important;margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px !important;display: inline-flex !important; border: none;} .calendarSection .saveCalendar{display: block !important;cursor: auto;text-decoration: none;color: #333;margin-left: 0px !important;font-weight: 500;} .dropdown .saveCalendar::after{content:none !important;display:none} .calendarSection .dropdown-menu{border: none !important;margin: 12px 0px 0px 0px !important;} .calendarSection .dropdown .dropdown-item {padding: 0px !important;margin-right: 5px;border-width: 1px ; border-style:solid;padding: 5px 7.5px !important;border-radius: 4px;} .calendarSection .dropdown .dropdown-item:nth-child(1):before{content: '\f0e0';font-family:'Font Awesome 5 Free';color: #0F9D58;} .calendarSection .dropdown .dropdown-item:nth-child(3):before{content:'\f0e0';font-family:'Font Awesome 5 Free'; color:#430297;} .calendarSection .dropdown .dropdown-item:nth-child(4):before{content:'\f0e0';font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Free';color:#7D7D7D} .calendarSection .dropdown .dropdown-item:nth-child(1){border-color: #0F9D58;} .calendarSection .dropdown .dropdown-item:nth-child(2){border-color: #0072C6;} .calendarSection .dropdown .dropdown-item:nth-child(3){border-color: #430297;} .calendarSection .dropdown .dropdown-item:nth-child(4){border-color: #0072C6;} .calendarSection .dropdown .dropdown-item:hover{background: none; color: #01277a;opacity: 0.8;} .page-articleList .committee-box .card .card-body .card-title, #myCommittees .card .card-body .card-title {display: flex!important} .badge-details .guest{color:#70ff07;} .compliantIframe .cookieDisclaimer, #CompliantIframe .cookieDisclaimer{z-index: 2; position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px;top: 0px; bottom: 0px;width: 100%;height: 100%;background: #f5f5f5; display: flex; align-items: center;justify-content: center;} .compliantIframe iframe[src], #CompliantIframe iframe[src]{z-index: 3;} .compliantIframe iframe[data-src], #CompliantIframe iframe[data-src]{z-index: 1;} .fa-triangle-exclamation:before{content: "\f071"} .ot-sdk-show-settings{border: none !important; background: none !important;font-size: inherit !important;padding:0px !important;color:#00287a !important;} . </style> </div></div></div></div> </main> <form name="accessiblityForm"> <input type="hidden" id="accesibility_refreshScreenReaderBufferField" name="accesibility_refreshScreenReaderBufferField" value=""/> </form> <div id="ariaStatusMsg" class="skip" role="status" aria-relevant="text" aria-live="polite"></div> <script> /*<![CDATA[*/ var ACC = { config: {} }; ACC.config.contextPath = ''; ACC.config.encodedContextPath = ''; ACC.config.commonResourcePath = '\/_ui\/responsive\/common'; ACC.config.themeResourcePath = '\/_ui\/responsive\/theme-alpha'; ACC.config.siteResourcePath = '\/_ui\/responsive\/site-mex'; ACC.config.rootPath = '\/_ui\/responsive'; ACC.config.CSRFToken = 'e0e4c9d4-e0a2-4dbb-8fc7-a156798501d2'; ACC.pwdStrengthVeryWeak = 'Very weak'; ACC.pwdStrengthWeak = 'Weak'; ACC.pwdStrengthMedium = 'Medium'; ACC.pwdStrengthStrong = 'Strong'; ACC.pwdStrengthVeryStrong = 'Very strong'; ACC.pwdStrengthUnsafePwd = 'password.strength.unsafepwd'; ACC.pwdStrengthTooShortPwd = 'Too short'; ACC.pwdStrengthMinCharText = 'Minimum length is %d characters'; ACC.accessibilityLoading = 'Loading... Please wait...'; ACC.accessibilityStoresLoaded = 'Stores loaded'; ACC.telephoneCodePrefixSymbol = ' '; ACC.config.googleApiKey=''; ACC.config.googleApiVersion='3.7'; ACC.config.registration = {}; ACC.config.registration.countryDetailUrl='/registration/checkout/multi/organisation-information/ajax/countrydetail'; ACC.config.registration.addToCartAjaxUrl='/ajax/cart/add'; ACC.config.registration.addSocialEventsToCartAjaxUrl='/ajax/cart/social-events/add'; ACC.config.registration.noOfGuestsAjaxUrl='/registration/checkout/multi/socials-and-events/ajax/noOfGuests'; ACC.config.registration.guestListAjaxUrl='/registration/checkout/multi/socials-and-events/ajax/guestList'; ACC.config.registration.assignGuestAjaxUrl='/registration/checkout/multi/socials-and-events/ajax/assignGuest'; ACC.config.registration.changeGuestProductAjaxUrl='/registration/checkout/multi/registration-fees/ajax/changeGuestProduct'; ACC.config.registration.guestAttendingCheckAjaxUrl='/registration/checkout/multi/registration-fees/ajax/guestAttendingCheck'; ACC.config.registration.assignGuestToSocial='/registration/checkout/multi/socials-and-events/ajax/assignGuestToSocial'; ACC.config.registration.searchOrganisation='/registration/checkout/multi/organisation-information/asm/ajax/search-organisation'; ACC.config.registration.prePaymentCheckUrl='/registration/checkout/multi/payment-details/ajax/prepayment-check'; ACC.config.registration.product = {}; ACC.config.registration.product.basketSummaryRemoveCartEntryAjaxUrl='/registration/checkout/multi/basket-summary/ajax/cart/removeCartEntry'; ACC.config.registration.conferenceInterestEmailUrl='/interest-registration/ajax/validate-email'; ACC.config.registration.customerRegistrationEmailUrl='/customer-registration/ajax/validate-email'; ACC.config.timeToShowAsmStockReleasePopup=''; ACC.config.asmStockReleaseTime=''; ACC.config.address = {}; ACC.config.address.updateUrl='/registration/checkout/multi/payment-details/updateBillingAddress'; ACC.config.address.resetUrl='/registration/checkout/multi/payment-details/resetFirmAddress'; ACC.config.account = {}; ACC.config.account.autoRenewMembershipAjaxUrl='/my-account/ajax/auto-renew-membership'; ACC.autocompleteUrl = '\/search\/autocompleteSecure'; ACC.config.loginUrl = '\/login'; ACC.config.authenticationStatusUrl = '\/authentication\/status'; ACC['gigyaUserMode'] = 'raas'; ACC.config.onetrustEnabled = true; /*]]>*/ </script> <script> /*<![CDATA[*/ ACC.addons = {}; //JS namespace for addons properties ACC.addons['mexassistedservice'] = []; ACC.addons['mexassistedservice']['asm.timer.min'] = 'min'; ACC.addons['gigyaloginaddon'] = []; ACC.addons['smarteditaddon'] = []; ACC.addons['mexgigyaaddon'] = []; /*]]>*/ </script> <script src="/_ui/shared/js/generatedVariables.js"></script> <script src="/wro/js_responsive.js?v=948153693"></script> <script src="/wro/addons_responsive.js?v=948153693"></script> <script src="https://cdns.eu1.gigya.com/JS/gigya.js?apikey=3_H2S1xzEqSB5FObU6B4UNmvhiX58luRXkck3E1opy36oRFclz72Bz1BBzCCdsaU7b&lang=en"></script> </body> </html>