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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1821–1893)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Benjamin T. Biggs</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BenjaminBiggs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/BenjaminBiggs.png" decoding="async" width="195" height="261" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="261" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">46th <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">Governor of Delaware</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 18, 1887 – January 20, 1891</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Stockley" title="Charles C. Stockley">Charles C. Stockley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Reynolds" title="Robert J. Reynolds">Robert J. Reynolds</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Delaware%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Delaware's at-large congressional district">at-large</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Nicholson" title="John A. Nicholson">John A. Nicholson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Lofland" title="James R. Lofland">James R. Lofland</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1821-10-01</span>)</span>October 1, 1821<br /><a href="/wiki/Cecil_County,_Maryland" title="Cecil County, Maryland">Cecil County, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 25, 1893<span style="display:none">(1893-12-25)</span> (aged 72)<br /><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Delaware" title="Middletown, Delaware">Middletown, Delaware</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Beekman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University" title="Wesleyan University">Wesleyan University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Farmer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Benjamin_Thomas_Biggs.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Benjamin T. Biggs's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Signature_of_Benjamin_Thomas_Biggs.png/122px-Signature_of_Benjamin_Thomas_Biggs.png" decoding="async" width="122" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Signature_of_Benjamin_Thomas_Biggs.png/182px-Signature_of_Benjamin_Thomas_Biggs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Signature_of_Benjamin_Thomas_Biggs.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="153" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Benjamin Thomas Biggs</b> (October 1, 1821 – December 25, 1893) was an American politician from <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Delaware" title="Middletown, Delaware">Middletown</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County,_Delaware" title="New Castle County, Delaware">New Castle County, Delaware</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a veteran of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, who served as <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">46th Governor of Delaware</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_T._Biggs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biggs was born near <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_City,_Maryland" title="Chesapeake City, Maryland">Bohemia Manor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cecil_County,_Maryland" title="Cecil County, Maryland">Cecil County, Maryland</a>, son of John and Diana Bell Biggs. He attended the Methodist <a href="/wiki/The_Pennington_School" title="The Pennington School">Pennington Seminary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pennington,_New_Jersey" title="Pennington, New Jersey">Pennington, New Jersey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University" title="Wesleyan University">Wesleyan University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Connecticut" title="Middletown, Connecticut">Middletown, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> he was appointed a major of the Delaware militia. </p><p>He married Mary Beekman and had five children: John, Elizabeth, Benjamin T. Jr., Jennie, and Willard. Of which only three children, John, Jennie and Willard survived.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They lived at 210 North Cass Street in Middletown and were members of the Methodist Church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_and_political_career">Professional and political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_T._Biggs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Professional and political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biggs was a teacher and a farmer, whose time was primarily spent tending peach orchards in central New Castle County and the adjacent portion of Maryland.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he was also a talented public speaker, and through this <a href="/wiki/Avocation" title="Avocation">avocation</a>, began a lifelong involvement in public affairs. Beginning as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a>, he was an instrumental figure in the Delaware Constitutional Convention of 1852.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the work of this convention was ultimately rejected, Biggs switched his partisan allegiance to the Democratic Party when the Whig Party broke up. The Democrats were the Southern leaning, anti-abolitionist, states rights party, strongly opposed to the policies of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and the Republicans. Presumably Biggs was in general agreement with its positions. His younger brother Sewell C. Biggs (1823–1911) also identified as a Whig, before becoming identifying as a Democrat and being elected to the Delaware house in 1872, and elected as speaker the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States_Congress">United States Congress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_T._Biggs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United States Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_T._Biggs_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Benjamin_T._Biggs_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/160px-Benjamin_T._Biggs_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Benjamin_T._Biggs_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/240px-Benjamin_T._Biggs_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Benjamin_T._Biggs_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/320px-Benjamin_T._Biggs_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3192" data-file-height="4080" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Biggs was the Democratic candidate for the U.S. House in the 1860 election, but was narrowly defeated by the People's Party candidate, <a href="/wiki/George_P._Fisher" title="George P. Fisher">George P. Fisher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The People's Party was a local coalition of the Republicans and <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a>, and the positions of people, like Fisher, on the great issues of the day were not yet clear. </p><p>By 1868 they were, and after Delaware had experienced Federal supervision of its polling places, and the forced emancipation of its few slaves, a large majority turned permanently to the candidates of the Democratic Party. When Biggs ran again for the U.S. House, he was easily elected, defeating Republican <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Thomas_Archimedes_Torbert" title="Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert">Alfred T. Torbert</a> in the 1868 election, and Joshua T. Heald in the 1870 election.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But popularity in Delaware did not result in anything useful in the U.S. House, as Biggs joined a small and powerless minority in the <a href="/wiki/41st_United_States_Congress" title="41st United States Congress">41st</a> and <a href="/wiki/42nd_United_States_Congress" title="42nd United States Congress">42nd</a> congresses. He served two terms, from March 4, 1869, until March 3, 1873, during the administration of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> and then retired, back to his peach orchards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor_of_Delaware">Governor of Delaware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_T._Biggs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Governor of Delaware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the next twenty years Delaware politics were not unlike those of a state in the Deep South. In spite of a large minority of Republicans in New Castle County, hatred of the Republicans and their policies of racial equality ran high throughout the rest of the state. There were years when the Republicans were unable to elect anyone to the General Assembly and years when they did not even bother to nominate a candidate for governor. </p><p>Biggs was nominated to run for governor in 1886, and fortunately for him, it was the last year such a disparity existed between the parties. For the last time there was no Republican candidate, and he received only the token opposition of the Temperance Reform Party candidate, James R. Hoffecker, whom he defeated easily. Biggs served from January 18, 1887, until January 20, 1891. Two years later the Republicans began their long road back and took advantage of splits in the Democratic leadership to elect a small majority in the state House. Meanwhile, Biggs did as countless governors before him, and pleaded with the General Assembly for all kinds of reform, including better representation for New Castle County, and reform of the voting procedures. And as usual, he was largely ignored, except for a provision to establish a State Hospital for the Insane, now the Delaware State Hospital at Farnhurst. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th colspan="12" style="background: #ccccff;">Delaware General Assembly <br /> <small> <i>(sessions while Governor)</i></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Year</b> </th> <th><b>Assembly</b> </th> <th> </th> <th><b>Senate majority</b> </th> <th><b>Speaker</b> </th> <th> </th> <th><b>House majority</b> </th> <th><b>Speaker</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1887–1888 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">84th</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">John E. Collins </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">William R. McCabe </td></tr> <tr> <td>1889–1890 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">85th</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Beniah L. Lewis </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Hoffecker" title="John H. Hoffecker">John H. Hoffecker</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_T._Biggs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biggs died at his home in Middletown, Delaware, and was buried in the Bethel Church Cemetery at <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_City,_Maryland" title="Chesapeake City, Maryland">Chesapeake City, Maryland</a>. His remains were moved again to an unknown location in 1965 upon a widening of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Delaware_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesapeake and Delaware Canal">Chesapeake and Delaware Canal</a>. His son, John, was appointed deputy-Attorney General of Delaware in 1885, and Attorney-General in 1887 while he was governor.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Gov._Benjamin_T._Biggs_Farm" title="Gov. Benjamin T. Biggs Farm">Gov. Benjamin T. Biggs Farm</a> was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Almanac">Almanac</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_T._Biggs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Almanac"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elections are held on the Tuesday after the first Monday of November. The governor takes office the third Tuesday in January, and has a four-year term. U.S. Representatives took office March 4 and have a two-year term. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th colspan="7" style="background: #ccccff;">Public offices </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Office</b> </th> <th><b>Type</b> </th> <th><b>Location</b> </th> <th><b>Began office</b> </th> <th><b>Ended office</b> </th> <th><b>Notes</b> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF99"> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> </td> <td>March 4, 1869 </td> <td>March 3, 1871 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF99"> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> </td> <td>March 4, 1871 </td> <td>March 3, 1873 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6B0"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">Governor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a> </td> <td>January 18, 1887 </td> <td>January 20, 1891 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th colspan="7" style="background: #ccccff;">United States Congressional service </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Dates</b> </th> <th><b>Congress</b> </th> <th><b>Chamber</b> </th> <th><b>Majority</b> </th> <th><b>President</b> </th> <th><b>Committees</b> </th> <th><b>Class/District</b> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td>1869–1871 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/41st_United_States_Congress" title="41st United States Congress">41st</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Delaware's at-large congressional district"><i>at-large</i></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td>1871–1873 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/42nd_United_States_Congress" title="42nd United States Congress">42nd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Delaware's at-large congressional district"><i>at-large</i></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th colspan="12" style="background: #ccccff;">Election results </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Year</b> </th> <th><b>Office</b> </th> <th> </th> <th><b>Subject</b> </th> <th><b>Party</b> </th> <th><b>Votes</b> </th> <th><b>%</b> </th> <th> </th> <th><b>Opponent</b> </th> <th><b>Party</b> </th> <th><b>Votes</b> </th> <th><b>%</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1860%E2%80%9361_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections">1860</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Benjamin T. Biggs </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">7,485 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/George_P._Fisher" title="George P. Fisher">George P. Fisher</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">7,732 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1868%E2%80%9369_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections">1868</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Benjamin T. Biggs </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">10,961 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Alfred T. Torbert </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">7,636 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1870%E2%80%9371_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections">1870</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Benjamin T. Biggs </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">12,434 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Joshua T. Heald </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">10,001 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1886_Delaware_gubernatorial_election" title="1886 Delaware gubernatorial election">1886</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">Governor</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Benjamin T. Biggs </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">13,942 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">64% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">James R. Hoffecker </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Temperance </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">7,835 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">36% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_T._Biggs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/washingtonpost/data-congress-slaveowners">"Congress slaveowners"</a>, <i>The Washington Post</i>, January 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Congress+slaveowners&rft.date=2022-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fwashingtonpost%2Fdata-congress-slaveowners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+T.+Biggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScharf1888" class="citation book cs1">Scharf, John Thomas (1888). <i>History of Delaware: 1609-1888</i>. Philadelphia, PA: LJ Richards & Co. p. 392.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Delaware%3A+1609-1888&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=392&rft.pub=LJ+Richards+%26+Co&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Scharf&rft.aufirst=John+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+T.+Biggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2013" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Richard (2013). <i>States At War: A Reference Guide for Delaware, Maryland, and New Jersey in the Civil War</i>. University Press of New England. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611686210" title="Special:BookSources/9781611686210"><bdi>9781611686210</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=States+At+War%3A+A+Reference+Guide+for+Delaware%2C+Maryland%2C+and+New+Jersey+in+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=University+Press+of+New+England&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781611686210&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+T.+Biggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. July 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+T.+Biggs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_T._Biggs&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConrad1908" class="citation book cs1">Conrad, Henry C. (1908). <i>History of the State of Delaware</i>. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: Wickersham Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+State+of+Delaware&rft.place=Lancaster%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Wickersham+Company&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Henry+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+T.+Biggs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHancock1961" class="citation book cs1">Hancock, Harold Bell. (1961). <i>Delaware during the Civil War</i>. Wilmington, Delaware: <a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Society of Delaware">Historical Society of Delaware</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-924117-24-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-924117-24-9"><bdi>0-924117-24-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delaware+during+the+Civil+War&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=Historical+Society+of+Delaware&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=0-924117-24-9&rft.aulast=Hancock&rft.aufirst=Harold+Bell.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+T.+Biggs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffecker2004" class="citation book cs1">Hoffecker, Carol E. (2004). <i>Democracy in Delaware</i>. Wilmington, Delaware: Cedar Tree Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-892142-23-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-892142-23-6"><bdi>1-892142-23-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+in+Delaware&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=Cedar+Tree+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-892142-23-6&rft.aulast=Hoffecker&rft.aufirst=Carol+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+T.+Biggs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1984" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Roger A. (1984). <i>History of Delaware Through its Governors</i>. Wilmington, Delaware: McClafferty Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Delaware+Through+its+Governors&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=McClafferty+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Roger+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+T.+Biggs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1969" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Emerson. (1969). <i>Forgotten Heroes of Delaware</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Deltos Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Heroes+of+Delaware&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Deltos+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Emerson.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+T.+Biggs" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_T._Biggs&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.de.us/research/Tour/information/Governors/govs-24.shtml">Hall of Governors Portrait Gallery</a>; <i>Portrait courtesy of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Dover</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_T._Biggs&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930024143/http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=496b224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD">Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000457">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7417384">Benjamin T. Biggs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russpickett.com/history/delgov3.htm#biggs">Delaware’s Governors</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bigger-bikar.html#R9M0IPHG7">The Political Graveyard</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961231010053/http://hsd.org/">Delaware Historical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.udel.edu/">University of Delaware Library</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Stockley" title="Charles C. Stockley">Charles C. Stockley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Delaware">Governor of Delaware</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1886_Delaware_gubernatorial_election" title="1886 Delaware gubernatorial election">1886</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Reynolds" title="Robert J. Reynolds">Robert J. Reynolds</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Stockley" title="Charles C. Stockley">Charles C. Stockley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">Governor of Delaware</a> </b><br />1887–1891 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Reynolds" title="Robert J. Reynolds">Robert J. Reynolds</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Nicholson" title="John A. Nicholson">John A. Nicholson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Delaware" title="List of United States representatives from Delaware">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="DelawareAL !"><a href="/wiki/Delaware%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Delaware's at-large congressional district">Delaware's at-large congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1869–1873 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Lofland" title="James R. Lofland">James R. Lofland</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_and_lieutenant_governors_of_Delaware" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Delaware" title="Template:Governors of Delaware"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Delaware" title="Template talk:Governors of Delaware"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Delaware" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Delaware"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_and_lieutenant_governors_of_Delaware" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware" title="List of governors of Delaware">Governors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Delaware" title="Lieutenant Governor of Delaware">lieutenant governors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McKinly" title="John McKinly">McKinly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)" title="George Read (American politician, born 1733)">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cook_(governor)" title="John Cook (governor)">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(politician,_born_1738)" title="Nicholas Van Dyke (politician, born 1738)">Van Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Collins_(governor)" title="Thomas Collins (governor)">T. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu_Davis" title="Jehu Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Clayton" title="Joshua Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunning_Bedford_Sr." title="Gunning Bedford Sr.">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rogers_(politician)" title="Daniel Rogers (politician)">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bassett_(Delaware_politician)" title="Richard Bassett (Delaware politician)">Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sykes_(governor)" title="James Sykes (governor)">Sykes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hall_(Delaware_politician)" title="David Hall (Delaware politician)">D. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Mitchell" title="Nathaniel Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Truitt" title="George Truitt">Truitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haslet" title="Joseph Haslet">Haslet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rodney" title="Daniel Rodney">D. Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clark_(Delaware_governor)" title="John Clark (Delaware governor)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Molleston" title="Henry Molleston">Molleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Stout" title="Jacob Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Collins_(governor)" title="John Collins (governor)">J. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Rodney" title="Caleb Rodney">Caleb Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haslet" title="Joseph Haslet">Haslet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomas_(Delaware_governor)" title="Charles Thomas (Delaware governor)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Paynter" title="Samuel Paynter">Paynter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Polk_Jr." title="Charles Polk Jr.">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hazzard" title="David Hazzard">Hazzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_P._Bennett" title="Caleb P. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Polk_Jr." title="Charles Polk Jr.">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_P._Comegys" title="Cornelius P. Comegys">Comegys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Cooper_(Delaware_politician)" title="William B. Cooper (Delaware politician)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stockton" title="Thomas Stockton">Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Maull" title="Joseph Maull">Maull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(politician)" title="William Temple (politician)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tharp" title="William Tharp">Tharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._H._Ross" title="William H. H. Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_F._Causey" title="Peter F. Causey">Causey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burton_(governor)" title="William Burton (governor)">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cannon" title="William Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gove_Saulsbury" title="Gove Saulsbury">Saulsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ponder" title="James Ponder">Ponder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Cochran" title="John P. Cochran">Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hall" title="John W. Hall">J. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Stockley" title="Charles C. Stockley">Stockley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Reynolds" title="Robert J. Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_H._Marvil" title="Joshua H. Marvil">Marvil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Watson" title="William T. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebe_W._Tunnell" title="Ebe W. Tunnell">Tunnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunn_(governor)" title="John Hunn (governor)">Hunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Lea" title="Preston Lea">Lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_S._Pennewill" title="Simeon S. Pennewill">Pennewill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Miller_(politician)" title="Charles R. Miller (politician)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Townsend_Jr." title="John G. Townsend Jr.">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Denney" title="William D. Denney">Denney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Robinson_(Delaware_politician)" title="Robert P. Robinson (Delaware politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Douglass_Buck" title="C. Douglass Buck">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_McMullen" title="Richard McMullen">McMullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_W._Bacon" title="Walter W. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_N._Carvel" title="Elbert N. Carvel">Carvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Caleb_Boggs" title="J. Caleb Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_P._Buckson" title="David P. Buckson">Buckson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_N._Carvel" title="Elbert N. Carvel">Carvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Terry_Jr." title="Charles L. Terry Jr.">Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_W._Peterson" title="Russell W. Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_W._Tribbitt" title="Sherman W. Tribbitt">Tribbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_du_Pont" title="Pete du Pont">du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Castle" title="Mike Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_E._Wolf" title="Dale E. Wolf">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Carper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Ann_Minner" title="Ruth Ann Minner">Minner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Markell" title="Jack Markell">Markell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carney_(Delaware_politician)" title="John Carney (Delaware politician)">Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Meyer" title="Matt Meyer">Meyer</a> (elect)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Seal_of_Delaware.svg/75px-Seal_of_Delaware.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Seal_of_Delaware.svg/113px-Seal_of_Delaware.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Seal_of_Delaware.svg/150px-Seal_of_Delaware.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="349" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lieutenant<br />governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_L._Cannon" title="Philip L. Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_T._Parker" title="Isaac T. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Mendinhall" title="John M. Mendinhall">Mendinhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colen_Ferguson" title="Colen Ferguson">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_E._Eliason" title="Lewis E. Eliason">Eliason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Danforth_Bush" title="J. Danforth Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Anderson_(politician)" title="James H. Anderson (politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Hazel" title="James H. Hazel">Hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_F._Corley" title="Roy F. Corley">Corley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Cooch" title="Edward W. Cooch">Cooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_J._MacCollum" title="Isaac J. MacCollum">MacCollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_N._Carvel" title="Elbert N. Carvel">Carvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_I._du_Pont_Bayard" title="Alexis I. du Pont Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Rollins" title="John W. Rollins">Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_P._Buckson" title="David P. Buckson">Buckson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Lammot" title="Eugene Lammot">Lammot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_W._Tribbitt" title="Sherman W. Tribbitt">Tribbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Bookhammer" title="Eugene Bookhammer">Bookhammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._McGinnis" title="James D. McGinnis">McGinnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Castle" title="Mike Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._B._Woo" title="S. B. Woo">Woo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_E._Wolf" title="Dale E. Wolf">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Ann_Minner" title="Ruth Ann Minner">Minner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carney_(Delaware_politician)" title="John Carney (Delaware politician)">Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Denn" title="Matthew Denn">Denn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Hall-Long" title="Bethany Hall-Long">Hall-Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Evans_Gay" title="Kyle Evans Gay">Gay</a> (elect)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Delaware" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Delaware" title="Template:United States representatives from Delaware"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Delaware" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Delaware"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Delaware" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Delaware"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Delaware" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Delaware" title="List of United States representatives from Delaware">Members of the United States House of Representatives from Delaware</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Vining" title="John Vining">Vining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patten_(American_politician)" title="John Patten (American politician)">Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Latimer_(politician)" title="Henry Latimer (politician)">Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bayard_(politician,_born_1767)" title="James A. Bayard (politician, born 1767)">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Augustus_Rodney" title="Caesar Augustus Rodney">C. A. Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Broom" title="James M. Broom">Broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(politician,_born_1769)" title="Nicholas Van Dyke (politician, born 1769)">Van Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Ridgely" title="Henry M. Ridgely">Ridgely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cooper_(American_politician,_born_1764)" title="Thomas Cooper (American politician, born 1764)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clayton" title="Thomas Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Hall" title="Willard Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rodney" title="Daniel Rodney">D. Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensey_Johns_Jr." title="Kensey Johns Jr.">Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Milligan" title="John J. Milligan">Milligan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson_Jr." title="Thomas Robinson Jr.">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Rodney" title="George B. Rodney">G. B. Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Houston" title="John W. Houston">J. W. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Riddle" title="George R. Riddle">Riddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_D._Cullen" title="Elisha D. Cullen">Cullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Whiteley" title="William G. Whiteley">Whiteley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._Fisher" title="George P. Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(politician)" title="William Temple (politician)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Smithers" title="Nathaniel B. Smithers">Smithers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Nicholson" title="John A. Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Lofland" title="James R. Lofland">Lofland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Williams_(Delaware_politician)" title="James Williams (Delaware politician)">J. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Martin" title="Edward L. Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Lore" title="Charles B. Lore">Lore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Penington" title="John B. Penington">Penington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Causey" title="John W. Causey">Causey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_S._Willis" title="Jonathan S. Willis">Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Irving_Handy" title="L. Irving Handy">Handy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Hoffecker" title="John H. Hoffecker">J. H. Hoffecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_O._Hoffecker" title="Walter O. Hoffecker">W. O. Hoffecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Heisler_Ball" title="L. Heisler Ball">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Houston" title="Henry A. Houston">H. A. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_R._Burton" title="Hiram R. Burton">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Heald" title="William H. Heald">Heald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Brockson" title="Franklin Brockson">Brockson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Miller" title="Thomas W. Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_F._Polk" title="Albert F. Polk">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_R._Layton" title="Caleb R. Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Boyce" title="William H. Boyce">Boyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Houston" title="Robert G. Houston">R. G. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbur_L._Adams" title="Wilbur L. Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._George_Stewart" title="J. George Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Allen_(Delaware_politician)" title="William F. Allen (Delaware politician)">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Williams" title="George S. Williams">G. S. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_A._Traynor" title="Philip A. Traynor">Traynor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_D._Willey" title="Earle D. Willey">Willey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Caleb_Boggs" title="J. Caleb Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Warburton" title="Herbert Warburton">Warburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_McDowell" title="Harris McDowell">McDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Haskell" title="Hal Haskell">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Roth" title="William Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_du_Pont" title="Pete du Pont">du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Evans_Jr." title="Thomas B. Evans Jr.">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Carper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Castle" title="Mike Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carney_(Delaware_politician)" title="John Carney (Delaware politician)">Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Blunt_Rochester" title="Lisa Blunt Rochester">Blunt Rochester</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817704#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817704#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817704#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000053556169">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4711768">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjt7r9WcxjV4J6GvB8V4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1194887406">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007073113">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000457">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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