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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_commonwealths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Commonwealth of Puerto Rico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation_in_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation_in_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Representation in Congress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation_in_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_commonwealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_commonwealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Former commonwealth</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Former_commonwealth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Former commonwealth subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Former_commonwealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Commonwealth of the Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AB_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="كومنولث (منطقة معزولة للولايات المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كومنولث (منطقة معزولة للولايات المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_(Au%C3%9Fengebiete_der_Vereinigten_Staaten)" title="Commonwealth (Außengebiete der Vereinigten Staaten) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Commonwealth (Außengebiete der Vereinigten Staaten)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Chendus_(USA_saareala)" title="Ühendus (USA saareala) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ühendus (USA saareala)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_libre_asociado" title="Estado libre asociado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado libre asociado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatu_libre_elkartu" title="Estatu libre elkartu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatu libre elkartu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9_(%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="مشترک‌المنافع (ناحیه‌های جزیره‌ای ایالات متحده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مشترک‌المنافع (ناحیه‌های جزیره‌ای ایالات متحده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_(territoire_insulaire_des_%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="Commonwealth (territoire insulaire des États-Unis) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Commonwealth (territoire insulaire des États-Unis)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A8%BC%EC%9B%B0%EC%8A%A4_(%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD)" title="코먼웰스 (미국의 도서 지역) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코먼웰스 (미국의 도서 지역)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persemakmuran_(kawasan_insuler_AS)" title="Persemakmuran (kawasan insuler AS) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Persemakmuran (kawasan insuler AS)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_(aree_insulari_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America)" title="Commonwealth (aree insulari degli Stati Uniti d'America) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Commonwealth (aree insulari degli Stati Uniti d'America)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemenebest_(eilandgebied_van_de_Verenigde_Staten)" title="Gemenebest (eilandgebied van de Verenigde Staten) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gemenebest (eilandgebied van de Verenigde Staten)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9_(%E7%B1%B3%E5%9B%BD%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E5%8C%BA)" title="コモンウェルス (米国自治連邦区) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コモンウェルス (米国自治連邦区)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_(%C3%A1rea_insular_dos_Estados_Unidos)" title="Commonwealth (área insular dos Estados Unidos) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Commonwealth (área insular dos Estados Unidos)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="Содружество (островные территории США) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Содружество (островные территории США)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94)" title="Комонвелт (острвске територије САД) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Комонвелт (острвске територије САД)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milletler_Toplulu%C4%9Fu_(Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_d%C4%B1%C5%9F_b%C3%B6lgeleri)" title="Milletler Topluluğu (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri dış bölgeleri) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Milletler Topluluğu (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri dış bölgeleri)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the U.S. states that designate themselves as commonwealths, see <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth (U.S. state)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b>This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #eaecf0);">a series</span></a> on</b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#002868; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/United_States#Government_and_politics" title="United States"><span style="color:white;">Political divisions of<br />the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the United States"><img alt="Coat of arms of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States"><span style="color:white;">First level</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territory</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Commonwealth</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Alaska Native tribal entity</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Off-reservation_trust_land" title="Off-reservation trust land">Off-reservation trust land</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tribal_Jurisdictional_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribal Jurisdictional Area">Tribal Jurisdictional Area</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> Second level</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_parishes_in_Louisiana" title="List of parishes in Louisiana">Parish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Borough_(United_States)" title="Borough (United States)">Borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unorganized_Borough,_Alaska" title="Unorganized Borough, Alaska">Unorganized Borough</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">Census area</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of populated places in Guam">Villages</a> / <a href="/wiki/Districts_and_sub-districts_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Districts and sub-districts of the United States Virgin Islands">District (USVI)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_American_Samoa" title="Administrative divisions of American Samoa">District (AS)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Municipalities of Puerto Rico">Municipality (PR)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_American_Samoa" title="Administrative divisions of American Samoa">Unorganized atoll</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> Third level</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">Cities, towns, and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">Census-designated place</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrios_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Barrios of Puerto Rico">Barrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_house_(Navajo_Nation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter house (Navajo Nation)">Chapter</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> Fourth level</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ward_(United_States)" title="Ward (United States)">Ward</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> Other areas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Protected areas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservation_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation district">Conservation district</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National monument</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">National park</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">Congressional district</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a> (<a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school district</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeowner_association" title="Homeowner association">Homeowner association</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association" title="Compact of Free Association">Associated state</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">Military base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">Federal enclave</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Political divisions of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Political divisions of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political divisions of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>Commonwealth</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Terminology" title="Terminology">term</a> used by two <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_territories_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated territories of the United States">unincorporated territories of the United States</a> in their full official names, which are the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>, whose full name is <i>Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, which is named <i>Commonwealth of Puerto Rico</i> in English and <i>Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico</i> in Spanish, translating to "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico." The term was also used by the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> during most of its period under U.S. sovereignty, when it was officially called the <i><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth of the Philippines</a></i>. </p><p>The definition of <i><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth" title="Commonwealth">commonwealth</a></i> according to 2013 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> policy, as codified in the department's <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Manual" title="Foreign Affairs Manual">Foreign Affairs Manual</a></i>, reads: "The term 'Commonwealth' does not describe or provide for any specific political status or relationship. It has, for example, been applied to both states and territories. When used in connection with <a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">areas</a> under U.S. sovereignty that are not states, the term broadly describes an area that is self-governing under a constitution of its adoption and whose right of self-government will not be unilaterally withdrawn by the U.S. Congress."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_commonwealths">Current commonwealths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Current commonwealths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico">Commonwealth of Puerto Rico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Government of Puerto Rico">Government of Puerto Rico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Political status of Puerto Rico">Political status of Puerto Rico</a></div> <p>Of the current U.S. <a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">insular areas</a>, the term was first used by <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> in 1952 as its formal name in English ("Commonwealth of Puerto Rico"). The formal name in Spanish for Puerto Rico is <i>Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico</i> ("Free Associated State of Puerto Rico"). The United States acquired the islands of Puerto Rico in 1898 after the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>. In 1950, Congress enacted legislation (P.L. 81-600) authorizing Puerto Rico to hold a constitutional convention, and in 1952, the people of Puerto Rico ratified a constitution establishing a republican form of government for the island.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puerto Rico's political relationship with the U.S. has been a continuing source of debate in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. The issue revolves around whether Puerto Rico should remain a U.S. territory, become a U.S. state, or become an independent country. The debate has spawned several referendums, presidential executive orders and bills in the U.S. Congress. Ultimately the U.S. Congress is the only body empowered to decide the political status of Puerto Rico, as stated under the Territorial Clause.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the Spanish translation of the term "commonwealth", Puerto Rico's relationship with United States is not a <a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association" title="Compact of Free Association">Compact of Free Association</a> (which is the case for the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>). As sovereign states, these islands have full right to conduct their own foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States. </p><p>The territory was organized by the <a href="/wiki/Foraker_Act" title="Foraker Act">Foraker Act</a> in 1900, which was amended by the <a href="/wiki/Jones%E2%80%93Shafroth_Act" title="Jones–Shafroth Act">Jones–Shafroth Act</a> in 1917. The drafting of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Constitution of Puerto Rico">Constitution of Puerto Rico</a> by its residents was authorized by Congress in 1951, and the result approved in 1952. The government of Puerto Rico has held several referendums with the options of U.S. statehood, independence, and commonwealth; the commonwealth option won on multiple plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, 54% of the voters did not wish to continue the present territorial status. Of the non-territorial statuses, becoming a U.S. state got 61.16% of the votes, Sovereign Free Associate State got 33.34% and Independence got 5.49%.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, 97.18% voted overwhelmingly for statehood, with 1.5% for <a href="/wiki/Independence_movement_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Independence movement in Puerto Rico">independence</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sovereigntism_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)">free association</a> and 1.32% for <a href="/wiki/Status_quo_movement_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Status quo movement in Puerto Rico">maintenance of the territorial status</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unusually high percentage of votes for statehood was attributed to a boycott led by the pro-status quo <a href="/wiki/Popular_Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Popular Democrats</a>, leading to a very low turnout of 22.93%, mainly made up of pro-statehood voters.<sup id="cite_ref-Robles_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robles-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2020_Puerto_Rican_status_referendum" title="2020 Puerto Rican status referendum">2020</a>, there were only two options on the ballot. 52.52% of voters favored Puerto Rico's immediate admission to the Union and 47.48% voted against it, with a 54.72% turnout.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Puerto Ricans have <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States" title="Citizenship of the United States">American citizenship</a> and vote for a <a href="/wiki/Resident_Commissioner_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico">resident commissioner of Puerto Rico</a>, with voice but without vote, in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>. With the exception of federal employees (such as employees of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>, and servicemen in all branches of the military) and people who earn their income from outside of the <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. territories</a>, residents of Puerto Rico generally do not pay federal income taxes, but are required to pay all other federal taxes (such as <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a>) and Puerto Rico has no representation in the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Electoral College</a> that ultimately chooses the U.S. president and vice president. </p><p>Puerto Rico has sports sovereignty, with its own <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_Olympics" title="Puerto Rico at the Olympics">national team at the Olympics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:National_sports_teams_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Category:National sports teams of Puerto Rico">at other international competitions</a>. Puerto Rico also participates in different international organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Commission for Latin America">Economic Commission for Latin America</a> (ECLA) (associate member), the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a> (full member), and the <a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_Summit" title="Ibero-American Summit">Ibero-American Summit</a> (associate member).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands">Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1976, Congress approved the mutually negotiated <i>Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in Political Union with the United States</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to November 28, 2009, the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) did not apply in the CNMI. Rather, a separate immigration system existed in the CNMI. This system was established under the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> in Political Union with the United States of America ("Covenant"), which was signed in 1975 and codified as 48 U.S.C. § 1801. The covenant was unilaterally amended by the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Natural_Resources_Act_of_2008" title="Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008">Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008</a> (CNRA) approved by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> on May 8, 2008, thus altering the CNMI's immigration system, making the Immigration and Nationality Act the applicable immigration law of CNMI.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Transition to U.S. Immigration Law began November 28, 2009 in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). CNMI's immigration laws have been replaced by the INA and other U.S. immigration laws.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Representation_in_Congress">Representation in Congress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Representation in Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives#Apportionment" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives § Apportionment</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(United_States_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegate (United States Congress)">Delegate (United States Congress)</a></div> <p>U.S. insular areas are not afforded direct representation in the federal legislature, either in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> or in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_1:_Composition.3B_Election_of_Senators" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution</a> provides that each U.S. state is entitled to two senators, but makes no provision for representation of insular areas in the Senate. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#House_of_Representatives" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">apportions</a> seats in the House of Representatives among the U.S. states by population, with each state being entitled to at least one representative, but makes no provision for representation of insular areas in the House. Insular areas are, however, afforded limited representation in the House by a <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(United_States_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegate (United States Congress)">delegate</a> who may vote in committee but not on the House floor.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_commonwealth">Former commonwealth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Former commonwealth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines">Commonwealth of the Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Commonwealth of the Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth of the Philippines</a> was an insular area that used "Commonwealth" in its official name, "Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands", from November 15, 1935 until July 4, 1946. The United States recognized the then-future independence of the Philippines in 1934 but called for a ten-year transitional period.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth (U.S. state)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Politics of Puerto Rico">Politics of Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Politics of the Northern Mariana Islands">Politics of the Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Task_Force_on_Puerto_Rico%27s_Status" title="President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status">President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Specifically, CNRA § 702(a) amended the Covenant to state that "the provisions of the 'immigration laws' (as defined in section 101(a)(17) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(17))) shall apply to the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands."2 Further, under CNRA § 702(a), the "immigration laws", as well as the amendments to the Covenant, "shall ... supersede and replace all laws, provisions, or programs of the Commonwealth relating to the admission of aliens and the removal of aliens from the Commonwealth."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081013/https://fam.state.gov/FAM/07FAM/07FAM1120.html#M1121_2_1">"7 fam 1120 acquisition of u.s. nationality in u.s. territories and possessions"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7- Consular Affairs</i>. U.S. Department of State. January 3, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fam.state.gov/FAM/07FAM/07FAM1120.html#M1121_2_1">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State+Foreign+Affairs+Manual+Volume+7-+Consular+Affairs&rft.atitle=7+fam+1120+acquisition+of+u.s.+nationality+in+u.s.+territories+and+possessions&rft.date=2013-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffam.state.gov%2FFAM%2F07FAM%2F07FAM1120.html%23M1121_2_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrett2011" class="citation web cs1">Garrett, R. Sam (June 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32933.pdf">"Political Status of Puerto Rico: Options for Congress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Congressional Research Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.atitle=Political+Status+of+Puerto+Rico%3A+Options+for+Congress&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=R.+Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FRL32933.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topuertorico.org/government.shtml">"Government"</a>. <i>Welcome to Puerto Rico!</i>. Magaly Rivera.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Welcome+to+Puerto+Rico%21&rft.atitle=Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuertorico.org%2Fgovernment.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prfaa.com/eng/PuertoRicoBookletFinal.pdf">December 2005 report of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326093201/http://www.prfaa.com/eng/PuertoRicoBookletFinal.pdf">Archived</a> March 26, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130804221854/http://64.185.222.182/REYDI_Escrutinio12/index.html#es/default/OPCIONES_NO_TERRITORIALES_ISLA.xml">"General Elections 2012 and Plebiscite on Puerto Rico Political Status"</a>. Comisión Estatal de Elecciones. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://64.185.222.182/REYDI_Escrutinio12/index.html#es/default/OPCIONES_NO_TERRITORIALES_ISLA.xml">the original</a> on August 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Elections+2012+and+Plebiscite+on+Puerto+Rico+Political+Status&rft.pub=Comisi%C3%B3n+Estatal+de+Elecciones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F64.185.222.182%2FREYDI_Escrutinio12%2Findex.html%23es%2Fdefault%2FOPCIONES_NO_TERRITORIALES_ISLA.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plebiscite for the decolonization of Puerto Rico results in English: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resultados2017.ceepur.org/Noche_del_Evento_78/index.html#en/default/CONSULTA_DESCOLONIZACION_Resumen.xml">"STATUS CONSULT ISLAND WIDE RESULTS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625105939/http://resultados2017.ceepur.org/Noche_del_Evento_78/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STATUS+CONSULT+ISLAND+WIDE+RESULTS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresultados2017.ceepur.org%2FNoche_del_Evento_78%2Findex.html%23en%2Fdefault%2FCONSULTA_DESCOLONIZACION_Resumen.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/06/10/puerto-rico-votes-on-statehood-on-sunday-for-the-fifth-time-heres-whats-at-stake/">"Analysis – Puerto Rico votes on statehood on Sunday — for the fifth time. Here's what's at stake"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170610152606/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/06/10/puerto-rico-votes-on-statehood-on-sunday-for-the-fifth-time-heres-whats-at-stake/">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Analysis+%E2%80%93+Puerto+Rico+votes+on+statehood+on+Sunday+%E2%80%94+for+the+fifth+time.+Here%27s+what%27s+at+stake.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmonkey-cage%2Fwp%2F2017%2F06%2F10%2Fpuerto-rico-votes-on-statehood-on-sunday-for-the-fifth-time-heres-whats-at-stake%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robles-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robles_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrances_Robles2017" class="citation news cs1">Frances Robles (June 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/11/us/puerto-ricans-vote-on-the-question-of-statehood.html">"23% of Puerto Ricans Vote in Referendum, 97% of Them for Statehood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006031125/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/11/us/puerto-ricans-vote-on-the-question-of-statehood.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=23%25+of+Puerto+Ricans+Vote+in+Referendum%2C+97%25+of+Them+for+Statehood&rft.date=2017-06-11&rft.au=Frances+Robles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F11%2Fus%2Fpuerto-ricans-vote-on-the-question-of-statehood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caribbeanbusiness.com/pdp-to-boycott-status-referendum/">"PDP to boycott status referendum"</a>. April 20, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929231755/http://caribbeanbusiness.com/pdp-to-boycott-status-referendum/">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PDP+to+boycott+status+referendum&rft.date=2017-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaribbeanbusiness.com%2Fpdp-to-boycott-status-referendum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elecciones2020.ceepur.org/Escrutinio_General_93/index.html#en/default/PLEBISCITO_Resumen.xml">"PLEBISCITE ISLAND WIDE RESULTS"</a>. Puerto Rico State Commission on Elections<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PLEBISCITE+ISLAND+WIDE+RESULTS&rft.pub=Puerto+Rico+State+Commission+on+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felecciones2020.ceepur.org%2FEscrutinio_General_93%2Findex.html%23en%2Fdefault%2FPLEBISCITO_Resumen.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cepal.org/en/estados-miembros">"Member States and associate members"</a>. <i>cepal.org</i>. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. October 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cepal.org&rft.atitle=Member+States+and+associate+members&rft.date=2014-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cepal.org%2Fen%2Festados-miembros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117082716/http://www.cnmilaw.org/covenant.htm">"Covenant"</a>. <i>Commonwealth Law Revision Commission</i>. CNMI-LRC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnmilaw.org/covenant.htm">the original</a> on January 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+Law+Revision+Commission&rft.atitle=Covenant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnmilaw.org%2Fcovenant.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Leary" class="citation web cs1">O'Leary, Brian M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926172413/http://www.justice.gov/eoir/vll/benchbook/tools/CNMI/CNMI%20Memo%20%283-29-10%29.pdf">"The Transition to the Immigration and Nationality Act in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Department of Justice. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/eoir/vll/benchbook/tools/CNMI/CNMI%20Memo%20(3-29-10).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Transition+to+the+Immigration+and+Nationality+Act+in+the+Commonwealth+of+the+Northern+Mariana+Islands&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Justice&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Brian+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Feoir%2Fvll%2Fbenchbook%2Ftools%2FCNMI%2FCNMI%2520Memo%2520%283-29-10%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugenio,_Haidee_V.2010" class="citation news cs1">Eugenio, Haidee V. (January 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516094818/http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=96195&cat=1">"CNMI loses immigration control in 2009"</a>. <i>Saipan Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=96195&cat=1">the original</a> on May 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saipan+Tribune&rft.atitle=CNMI+loses+immigration+control+in+2009&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.au=Eugenio%2C+Haidee+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saipantribune.com%2Fnewsstory.aspx%3FnewsID%3D96195%26cat%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMisulich,_Robert_J.2011" class="citation web cs1">Misulich, Robert J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/488/20pacrimlpoly211.pdf">"A Lesser-Known Immigration Crisis: Federal Immigration Law in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Rim+Law+%26+Policy+Journal+Association&rft.atitle=A+Lesser-Known+Immigration+Crisis%3A+Federal+Immigration+Law+in+the+Commonwealth+of+the+Northern+Mariana+Islands&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Misulich%2C+Robert+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.law.washington.edu%2Fdspace-law%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1773.1%2F488%2F20pacrimlpoly211.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121171525/http://www.pacificmagazine.net/news/2008/05/26/sablan-will-stand-for-nmi-delegate-position">"Sablan WIll Stand For NMI Delegate Position"</a>. <i>Pacific Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificmagazine.net/news/2008/05/26/sablan-will-stand-for-nmi-delegate-position">the original</a> on November 21, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Magazine&rft.atitle=Sablan+WIll+Stand+For+NMI+Delegate+Position&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacificmagazine.net%2Fnews%2F2008%2F05%2F26%2Fsablan-will-stand-for-nmi-delegate-position&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+%28U.S.+insular+area%29" class="Z3988"></span>; Resident Commissioner; election <i><a href="/wiki/Title_48_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 48 of the United States Code">48 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/48/891">§ 891</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chanrobles.com/tydingsmcduffieact.htm">The Philippines independence Act (Tydings-McDuffie Act)</a>, Approved March 24, 1934, Section 10.(a), Chan Robles Law Library.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=Article_One_of_the_Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Article One of the Constitution of Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill of Rights of Puerto Rico">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Article Three of the Constitution of Puerto Rico">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Article Four of the Constitution of Puerto Rico">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Five_of_the_Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Article Five of the Constitution of Puerto Rico">Five</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Article_Six_of_the_Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Article Six of the Constitution of Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Six</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Article_Seven_of_the_Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Article Seven of the Constitution of Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Article_Eight_of_the_Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Article Eight of the Constitution of Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Article_Nine_of_the_Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Article Nine of the Constitution of Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Nine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill of Rights of Puerto Rico">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preamble_of_the_Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preamble of the Constitution of Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Preamble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Constitutional Convention of Puerto Rico">Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Commonwealths of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Cases" title="Insular Cases">Insular Cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Political status of Puerto Rico">Political status of Puerto Rico</a></li> 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