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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=min" class=""><span>Manyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:BuekAkun&returnto=Komunikasi+massa" title="Walaupun indak wajib, Sanak disarankan untuak buek akun dan masuak log" class=""><span>Buek akun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:MasuakLog&returnto=Komunikasi+massa" title="Walaupun indak wajib, Sanak disarankan untuak masuak log [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuak log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pakakeh pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pakakeh pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:JariahDenai" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Jariah</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:RundiangDenai" title="Parundiangan tantang suntiangan dari IP ko [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Rundiang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sajarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sajarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sajarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sajarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khalayak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khalayak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Khalayak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khalayak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bantuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bantuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bantuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bantuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komunikator_media_massa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komunikator_media_massa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Komunikator media massa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komunikator_media_massa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik_organisasi_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik_organisasi_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Karakteristik organisasi media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik_organisasi_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujuakan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujuakan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rujuakan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujuakan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Komunikasi massa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 41 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="اتصال جماهيري – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتصال جماهيري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Масова комуникация – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Масова комуникация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="গণযোগাযোগ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গণযোগাযোগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunicaci%C3%B3_de_masses" title="Comunicació de masses – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comunicació de masses" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masov%C3%A1_komunikace" title="Masová komunikace – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Masová komunikace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massenkommunikation" title="Massenkommunikation – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Massenkommunikation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_communication" title="Mass communication – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mass communication" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massikommunikatsioon" title="Massikommunikatsioon – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Massikommunikatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="ارتباط جمعی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارتباط جمعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_de_masse" title="Communication de masse – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Communication de masse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunicaci%C3%B3n_de_masas" title="Comunicación de masas – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Comunicación de masas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="जनसंचार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जनसंचार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6megkommunik%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Tömegkommunikáció – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tömegkommunikáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Զանգվածային հաղորդակցություններ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զանգվածային հաղորդակցություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikasi_massa" title="Komunikasi massa – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komunikasi massa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amas-komunikado" title="Amas-komunikado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amas-komunikado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="マスコミュニケーション – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マスコミュニケーション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91_%EC%A0%84%EB%8B%AC" title="대중 전달 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대중 전달" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Массалык коммуникация – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Массалык коммуникация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacommunicatie" title="Massacommunicatie – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Massacommunicatie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pla%C5%A1sazi%C5%86a" title="Plašsaziņa – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plašsaziņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Олон түмний харилцаа – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Олон түмний харилцаа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="मास कम्युनिकेशन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मास कम्युनिकेशन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikasi_massa" title="Komunikasi massa – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komunikasi massa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="आम सञ्चार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आम सञ्चार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacommunicatie" title="Massacommunicatie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Massacommunicatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massekommunikasjon" title="Massekommunikasjon – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Massekommunikasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D9%84%D9%87_%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%90_%D8%A7%DA%93%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%90" title="ډله ییزې اړیکې – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډله ییزې اړیکې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_massa" title="Comunicação de massa – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comunicação de massa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Массовые коммуникации – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Массовые коммуникации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="ابلاغ عامه – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ابلاغ عامه" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masov%C3%A1_komunik%C3%A1cia" title="Masová komunikácia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Masová komunikácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikimi_masiv" title="Komunikimi masiv – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Komunikimi masiv" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Масовне комуникације – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Масовне комуникације" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masskommunikation" title="Masskommunikation – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Masskommunikation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மக்கள் தகவல் தொடர்பியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்கள் தகவல் தொடர்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Иртиботи оммавӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иртиботи оммавӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" title="การสื่อสารมวลชน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การสื่อสารมวลชน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangmadlang_komunikasyon" title="Pangmadlang komunikasyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangmadlang komunikasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Масова комунікація – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Масова комунікація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" title="大众传播 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大众传播" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q853710#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Suntiang pautan antarbahaso" class="wbc-editpage">Suntiang pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang namo"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia Minangkabau - Lubuak aka tapian ilimu</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="min" dir="ltr"><p><b>Komunikasi massa</b> adolah jenis khusus dari komunikasi sosial nan malibekan banyak kondisi pengoperasian, tarutamo sifek khalayak, bantuak dari komunikasinyo, dan sifek komunikatornyo. Suatu proses komunikasi tagalong dimediasi samo media massa dimano produk-produk informasi nan dibuek dan didistribusian oleh suatu organisasi komunikasi massa. Biasonyo informasi nan dibuek oleh organisasi iko ditujukan untuak dikosumsi oleh khalayak (Ruben, 1992). Sairiang bajalannyo wakatu, media massa kini alah banyak mangalami transisi. Faktor nan bapangaruah di maso transisi itu diantaronyo teknologi, ekonomi, dan <i>trend</i> sosial. </p><p>Pado level teknologi, kehadiran internet mambuek saluran baru bagi komunikasi massa. Koran bisa mambaritakan sagalo informasi sahinggo bisa manjangkau pambaco dari banyak kalangan. Kini, koran sadang manunjuakan strateginyo untuak eksistensinyo tetap bertahan di era digital. Salain manonton tv, urang kini banyak maabihan wakatunyo untuak bamain sosial media takah facebook, whatsapp, instagram dan lainnyo. Oleh karano itu, kompetisi media massa kini samakin maningkek sahinggo mandorong media konvensional untuak ba adaptasi untuak bisa tetap batahan di tangah masyarakat. Kaduo, faktor tumbuahnyo media massa dipengaruhi pulo samo pertumbuahan ekonomi. Beberapa media nan indak bisa manyasuaikan bahkan kini menuju kebangktutan karena kini alah didominasi samo era digital. Hal iko berhubungan pulo Sali tren sosial, dimano adonyo parubahan dalam maryarakat karano lahiya nyo internet. Kini banyak generasi muda manghabisan waktunyo manjadi konten keator di media massa.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sajarah">Sajarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Suntiang bagian: Sajarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sajarah"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet adolah salah satu media nan digunoan untuak manyebaran informasi melalui jenis komunikasi massa. Internet mulai muncul di awal 1990-an. Sasudah itu, aplikasi media sosial mulai ado dan bakambang. Pakambangan internet iko diiriangi samo adonyo demokrasi dan keterbukaan informasi di masiang-masiang pemerintahan dan negara. Samakin kamariko, komunikasi massa nan manggunoan media konvensional samakin saketek. Hal iko dijalehan di 4 hukum McLuhan tentang efek inovasi media terhadap masyarakat. Partamo adolah t<i>he law of acceleration</i> nan artinyo, malalui internet awal bisa mangakses beragam informasi dan bisa bakomunikasi dengan sangat capek. Contohnyo ado email, sosial media, dan lainnyo. Kaduo adolah t<i>he law of obsolescence</i> nan artinyo, malalui internet urang indak paralu mamposan surek, mamunguik koran, dan lainnyo. Katigo adolah t<i>he law of synthesis</i> nan artinyo, kini kito bisa mamaduan beragam media sarupo ado internet di hp, leptop, dan lainnyo. Kaampek adolah t<i>he law of retrieval</i> nan artinyo, kini urang bisa menambuih jarak dan perbedaan wakatu dalam malakuan komunikasi. Dalam saat nan samo urang bisa tahubuang langsuang samo urang nan babeda zona wakatu dan jarak nan jauah lewat teknologi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Khalayak">Khalayak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Suntiang bagian: Khalayak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Khalayak"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khalayak adolah sasaran komunikasi massa dilakuan. Lueh dari khalayak komunikasi massa iko maliputi wilayah geografis nan lueh dengan populasi nan gadang. Urang nan tamasuak sasarannyo basifek heterogen atau bamacam karakteristik sosialnyo. Karakteristik sosial nan babeda iko mode umua, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status kepemimpinan, ekomomi, status sosial, dan keragaman posisi politik masiang-masiang. Salain itu, khalayak komunikasi massa sacaro individual indak dikenal atau indak diketahui oleh komunikator. Hal iko bukan karano mereka taisolasi, tapo karano khalayak iko adolah bagian dari sajumlah kalompok sosial nan ado di masyarakat.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bantuak">Bantuak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Suntiang bagian: Bantuak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bantuak"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Komunikasi massa umumnyo basifek umum. Artinyo isi pesannyo indak basifek pribadi dan indak ditujukan ka surang urang se do, tapi tabuka bagi satiok urang nan paralu informasi dalam pasan nan disampaian iru. Anggota dari masiang-masiang khalayak manyadari lo bahwa satiok anggota mandapek pasan nan samo. Salanjuiknyo, bantuak komunikasi massa iko yaitu salintas karano pasan nan disampaian biasonyo dibuek untuak dikosumsi sacapeknyo, indak untuak diingek-ingek atau dipandang sakalai pakai sajo. Kasalintehan komunikasi massa manimbulan penekanan katapekan wakatu, superfisialitas, dan sensasionalisme dalam pasan nan dikomunikasian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komunikator_media_massa">Komunikator media massa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Suntiang bagian: Komunikator media massa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Komunikator media massa"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Komunikator adolah urang nan manyampaian pasan baisi informasi untuak sasaran atau pandanga dari proses komunikasi. Biasonyo urang nan manjadi komunikator komunikasi massa taorganisasian dan bakarajo di organisasi nan kompleks. Biasonyo di organisasi tampek komunikan media massa iko punyo pembagian karajo nan ekstensif, panggunaan sajumlah biaya produksi nan labiah gadang, kompleks birokrasi nan relatif tinggi dalam jaringan karajonyo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik_organisasi_media">Karakteristik organisasi media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Suntiang bagian: Karakteristik organisasi media" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakteristik organisasi media"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adonyo internet mambuek batas pambeda antaro komunikasi interpersonal nan dibantu samo masin atau paralatan dan alat komunikasi massa manjadi indak jaleh. Melalui internet nan awalnyo urang cuma bisa nonton tv dan hanyo manarimo informasi, kini urang alah bisa pulo manyampaian informasi malalui akun pribadi inyo ka khalayak. Oleh karena itu, informasi nan disampaian samo organisasi media massa manjadi salah satu bateh ukuran nan mambenaan komunikasi massa samo interpersonal. Adopun karakteristik organisasi media adolah sabagai barikut: </p> <ol><li>Komunikasi massa diproduksi oleh organisasi formal nan kompleks</li> <li>Organisasi komunikasi massa punyo <i>gatekeepers</i></li> <li>Organisasi komunikasi massa mambutuahan biaya nan tinggi untuak operasi</li> <li>Organisasi komunikasi massa ado dan hadir untuak mandapekan profit dan keuntungan</li> <li>Organisasi komunikasi massa punyo tingkek kompetisi nan tinggi antar satu samo nan lain</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transisi">Transisi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Suntiang bagian: Transisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Transisi"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Komunikasi massa alah mangalami parubahan sairiang wakatu balalu. Zaman kini media nan digunoan untuak manyaluran informasi kapalo khalayak nan banyak alah banyak nan baru. Kini media komunikasi massa alah bisa manjadi <i>platform</i> nan bisa mamuek banyak hal. Sadoalahnyo ado di media massa. Pangguno media massa bisa mangakses sadoalah informasi nan dibutuahan malalui media sosial nan manggunokan internet. Kini sadoalah urang alah bisa manjadi sumber informasi dari kejadian nan ado disekitarnyo.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujuakan">Rujuakan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Suntiang bagian: Rujuakan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_massa&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujuakan"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911102954/https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55289682/502-1926-1-PB_1-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1631359175&Signature=QUvpNtOo~gGlpaJ89Sy-ddEIblKDfVIud0GJ0TtWBGNUlgiZIGGUK4J2eTAIqUsH2NeEFw5-JvBKLBmWdFuUQ~AkPe9gf2p-RfMOlTkKUXJOrOAwpZPyNYxy40-DMAYoCYTqIgljNvx3SqOK-2ofTEG90xrs~ivnxQQE29lxmW639RpPIpn601HmfZb4rdhPzt5-GmelaI6txfhaRWyiZS6iF0SLbAKxJyu9xyKYa6VUErcETb-ddaCgnnVRAC~Sc~K~ivNRLuKEYIXvnOq8ItHcI98BbUEDgEmU3GHZnHnaQZ2SLfEvCc1Xqk2NcmIEE0gs1ALLsX20HCnPIFDUxg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA">"PERSUASI DALAM MEDIA KOMUNIKASI MASSA"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55289682/502-1926-1-PB_1-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1631359175&Signature=QUvpNtOo~gGlpaJ89Sy-ddEIblKDfVIud0GJ0TtWBGNUlgiZIGGUK4J2eTAIqUsH2NeEFw5-JvBKLBmWdFuUQ~AkPe9gf2p-RfMOlTkKUXJOrOAwpZPyNYxy40-DMAYoCYTqIgljNvx3SqOK-2ofTEG90xrs~ivnxQQE29lxmW639RpPIpn601HmfZb4rdhPzt5-GmelaI6txfhaRWyiZS6iF0SLbAKxJyu9xyKYa6VUErcETb-ddaCgnnVRAC~Sc~K~ivNRLuKEYIXvnOq8ItHcI98BbUEDgEmU3GHZnHnaQZ2SLfEvCc1Xqk2NcmIEE0gs1ALLsX20HCnPIFDUxg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2021-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 9/11/2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PERSUASI+DALAM+MEDIA+KOMUNIKASI+MASSA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net%2F55289682%2F502-1926-1-PB_1-with-cover-page-v2.pdf%3FExpires%3D1631359175%26Signature%3DQUvpNtOo~gGlpaJ89Sy-ddEIblKDfVIud0GJ0TtWBGNUlgiZIGGUK4J2eTAIqUsH2NeEFw5-JvBKLBmWdFuUQ~AkPe9gf2p-RfMOlTkKUXJOrOAwpZPyNYxy40-DMAYoCYTqIgljNvx3SqOK-2ofTEG90xrs~ivnxQQE29lxmW639RpPIpn601HmfZb4rdhPzt5-GmelaI6txfhaRWyiZS6iF0SLbAKxJyu9xyKYa6VUErcETb-ddaCgnnVRAC~Sc~K~ivNRLuKEYIXvnOq8ItHcI98BbUEDgEmU3GHZnHnaQZ2SLfEvCc1Xqk2NcmIEE0gs1ALLsX20HCnPIFDUxg__%26Key-Pair-Id%3DAPKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmin.wikipedia.org%3AKomunikasi+massa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tambunan, Nurhalima (2018-04-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/simbolika/article/view/1475">"Pengaruh Komunikasi Massa Terhadap Audiens"</a>. <i>JURNAL SIMBOLIKA: Research and Learning in Communication Study</i> (dalam bahasa Indonesia). <b>4</b> (1): 24–31. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital object identifier (laman indak ado)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31289%2Fsimbollika.v4i1.1475">10.31289/simbollika.v4i1.1475</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (laman indak ado)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2442-9996">2442-9996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JURNAL+SIMBOLIKA%3A+Research+and+Learning+in+Communication+Study&rft.atitle=Pengaruh+Komunikasi+Massa+Terhadap+Audiens&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24-31&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.31289%2Fsimbollika.v4i1.1475&rft.issn=2442-9996&rft.aulast=Tambunan&rft.aufirst=Nurhalima&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ojs.uma.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fsimbolika%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmin.wikipedia.org%3AKomunikasi+massa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pratiwi, Mutia Rahmi (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/jkm/article/view/212">"Peran ICT bagi Organisasi Media Massa dan Budaya Masyarakat"</a>. <i>Komunikator</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>6</b> (01). <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (laman indak ado)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2549-9246">2549-9246</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Komunikator&rft.atitle=Peran+ICT+bagi+Organisasi+Media+Massa+dan+Budaya+Masyarakat&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=01&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=2549-9246&rft.aulast=Pratiwi&rft.aufirst=Mutia+Rahmi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.umy.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fjkm%2Farticle%2Fview%2F212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmin.wikipedia.org%3AKomunikasi+massa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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