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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_legend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Urban legend</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_legend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Legend</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 107 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-107" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">107 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legende" title="Legende – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Legende" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legende" title="Legende – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Legende" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سيرة بطولية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيرة بطولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyenda" title="Leyenda – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Leyenda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="কিংবদন্তি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কিংবদন্তি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleenda" title="Lleenda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lleenda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawari" title="Jawari – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jawari" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Ffsan%C9%99" title="Əfsanə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əfsanə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="افسانه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="افسانه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="কিংবদন্তি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিংবদন্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho%C3%A2n-soat" title="Thoân-soat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thoân-soat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Легенда – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Легенда" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Легенда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Легенда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Легенда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Легенда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richenn" title="Richenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Richenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llegenda" title="Llegenda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llegenda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Легенда – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Легенда" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyenda" title="Leyenda – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Leyenda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pov%C4%9Bst" title="Pověst – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pověst" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legende" title="Legende – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Legende" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legende" title="Legende – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Legende" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow%C4%9Bs%C4%87" title="Powěsć – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Powěsć" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legend" title="Legend – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Legend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CF%81%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Θρύλος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θρύλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyenda" title="Leyenda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leyenda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendo" title="Legendo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Legendo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezahar" title="Elezahar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elezahar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="افسانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="افسانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gende" title="Légende – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Légende" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leginde" title="Leginde – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Leginde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%99irsgeul" title="Ùirsgeul – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ùirsgeul" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenda" title="Lenda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lenda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A4" title="전설 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전설" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Լեգենդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեգենդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="आख्यान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आख्यान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendo" title="Legendo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Legendo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6gn" title="Sögn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sögn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leggenda" title="Leggenda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leggenda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="סיפור עם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיפור עם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%86" title="ದಂತಕಥೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದಂತಕಥೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="თქმულება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თქმულება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A3%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Аңыз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аңыз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henhwedhlow" title="Henhwedhlow – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Henhwedhlow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Легенда – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Легенда" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Легенда – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Легенда" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lij%C3%ABnda" title="Lijënda – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lijënda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ຕຳນານ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕຳນານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%A3enda" title="Leģenda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Leģenda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legende" title="Legende – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Legende" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lejendas" title="Lejendas – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lejendas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ranmi" title="ranmi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ranmi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monda" title="Monda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Monda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Легенда – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Легенда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഐതിഹ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐതിഹ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="ئونه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ئونه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Легендась – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Легендась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legend" title="Legend – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Legend" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legende_(volksverhaal)" title="Legende (volksverhaal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Legende (volksverhaal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9D%E8%AA%AC" title="伝説 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="伝説" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legende" title="Legende – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Legende" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legende" title="Legende – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Legende" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Легенде – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Легенде" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faaroo" title="Faaroo – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Faaroo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE" title="ਦੰਤ ਕਥਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੰਤ ਕਥਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%88" title="لیجنڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیجنڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="افسانه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="افسانه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lejen" title="Lejen – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Lejen" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenda" title="Lenda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lenda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%84%C4%B1zlar" title="Ańızlar – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ańızlar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legend%C4%83" title="Legendă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legendă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Легенда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Легенда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आख्यानम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आख्यानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legjenda" title="Legjenda – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Legjenda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legend" title="Legend – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Legend" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="افسانو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="افسانو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poves%C5%A5_(literat%C3%BAra)" title="Povesť (literatúra) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Povesť (literatúra)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pripovedka" title="Pripovedka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pripovedka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="ئەفسانە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەفسانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Легенда – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Легенда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legend" title="Legend – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Legend" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamat" title="Alamat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alamat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uccn_d_tfullust" title="Uccn d tfullust – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Uccn d tfullust" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Риваять – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Риваять" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="లెజెండు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లెజెండు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ตำนาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตำนาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efsane" title="Efsane – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Efsane" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Легенда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Легенда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81" title="افسانہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="افسانہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%81n_thuy%E1%BA%BFt" title="Truyền thuyết – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Truyền thuyết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5ve_do_v%C3%AE_v%C3%AE_tins" title="Fåve do vî vî tins – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fåve do vî vî tins" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legende_(vertellienge)" title="Legende (vertellienge) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Legende (vertellienge)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyenda" title="Leyenda – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Leyenda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%B4" title="传说 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="传说" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2" title="לעגענדע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לעגענדע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA" title="傳說 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="傳說" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Legenda" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genre of storytelling that involves heroic humans</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Legend_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Legend (disambiguation)">Legend (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_Godiva_(John_Collier,_c._1897).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Lady_Godiva_%28John_Collier%2C_c._1897%29.jpg/220px-Lady_Godiva_%28John_Collier%2C_c._1897%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Lady_Godiva_%28John_Collier%2C_c._1897%29.jpg/330px-Lady_Godiva_%28John_Collier%2C_c._1897%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Lady_Godiva_%28John_Collier%2C_c._1897%29.jpg/440px-Lady_Godiva_%28John_Collier%2C_c._1897%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1159" /></a><figcaption>In this 1897 painting of <a href="/wiki/Lady_Godiva" title="Lady Godiva">Lady Godiva</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Collier_(painter)" title="John Collier (painter)">John Collier</a>, the authentic historical person is fully submerged in the legend, presented in an <a href="/wiki/Anachronistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anachronistic">anachronistic</a> <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">high medieval</a> setting.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>legend</b> is a genre of <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> that consists of a <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a> featuring human actions, believed or perceived to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human <a href="/wiki/Values" class="mw-redirect" title="Values">values</a>, and possess certain qualities that give the tale <a href="/wiki/Verisimilitude_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verisimilitude (literature)">verisimilitude</a>. Legend, for its active and passive participants, may include <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracles</a>. Legends may be transformed over time to keep them fresh and vital. </p><p>Many legends operate within the realm of uncertainty, never being entirely believed by the participants, but also never being resolutely doubted.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legends are sometimes distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myths</a> in that they concern human beings as the main characters and do not necessarily have supernatural origins, and sometimes in that they have some sort of historical basis whereas myths generally do not.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_literary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_literary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bascom_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bascom-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a> defined <i>legend</i> as "<a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folktale</a> historically grounded".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A by-product of the "concern with human beings" is the long <a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_creatures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of legendary creatures">list of legendary creatures</a>, leaving no "resolute doubt" that legends are "historically grounded." </p><p>A modern <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklorist</a>'s professional definition of <i>legend</i> was proposed by Timothy R. Tangherlini in 1990:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Legend, typically, is a short (mono-) episodic, traditional, highly ecotypified<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> historicized narrative performed in a conversational mode, reflecting on a psychological level a symbolic representation of folk belief and collective experiences and serving as a reaffirmation of commonly held values of the group to whose tradition it belongs.</p></blockquote> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_origin">Etymology and origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legend&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holger_danske.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Holger_danske.jpg/180px-Holger_danske.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Holger_danske.jpg/270px-Holger_danske.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Holger_danske.jpg/361px-Holger_danske.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holger_Danske" class="mw-redirect" title="Holger Danske">Holger Danske</a>, a legendary character</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Legend</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> that entered English usage <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1340</span>. The Old French noun <i>legende</i> derives from the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> <i>legenda</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its early English-language usage, the word indicated a narrative of an event. The word <i>legendary</i> was originally a noun (introduced in the 1510s) meaning a collection or corpus of legends.<sup id="cite_ref-etymonline_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This word changed to <i>legendry</i>, and <i>legendary</i> became the adjectival form.<sup id="cite_ref-etymonline_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1613, English-speaking <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestants</a> began to use the word when they wished to imply that an event (especially the story of any <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> not acknowledged in <a href="/wiki/John_Foxe" title="John Foxe">John Foxe</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Actes_and_Monuments" class="mw-redirect" title="Actes and Monuments">Actes and Monuments</a></i>) was fictitious. Thus, <i>legend</i> gained its modern connotations of "undocumented" and "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spurious" class="extiw" title="wikt:spurious">spurious</a>", which distinguish it from the meaning of <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle" title="Chronicle">chronicle</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1866, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Jacob Grimm</a> described the <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tale</a> as "poetic, legend historic."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early scholars such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Wehrhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Wehrhan (page does not exist)">Karl Wehrhan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Wehrhan" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Wehrhan">de</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ranke" title="Friedrich Ranke">Friedrich Ranke</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Will_Erich_Peuckert" title="Will Erich Peuckert">Will Erich Peuckert</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed Grimm's example in focussing solely on the literary narrative, an approach that was enriched particularly after the 1960s,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by addressing questions of performance and the anthropological and psychological insights provided in considering legends' social context. Questions of categorising legends, in hopes of compiling a content-based series of categories on the line of the <a href="/wiki/Aarne%E2%80%93Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="Aarne–Thompson">Aarne–Thompson</a> folktale index, provoked a search for a broader new synthesis. In an early attempt at defining some basic questions operative in examining folk tales, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ranke" title="Friedrich Ranke">Friedrich Ranke</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Ranke" class="extiw" title="de:Friedrich Ranke">de</a>]</span> in 1925<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> characterised the folk legend as "a popular narrative with an objectively untrue imaginary content", a dismissive position that was subsequently largely abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compared to the highly structured folktale, legend is comparatively amorphous, <a href="/wiki/Helmut_de_Boor" title="Helmut de Boor">Helmut de Boor</a> noted in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The narrative content of legend is in realistic mode, rather than the wry <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a> of folktale;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilhelm Heiske<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> remarked on the similarity of <a href="/wiki/Motif_(folkloristics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motif (folkloristics)">motifs</a> in legend and folktale and concluded that, in spite of its realistic <a href="/wiki/Literary_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary mode">mode</a>, legend is not more historical than folktale. </p><p>In <i>Einleitung in der Geschichtswissenschaft</i> (1928), <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bernheim" title="Ernst Bernheim">Ernst Bernheim</a> asserted that a legend is simply a longstanding <a href="/wiki/Rumour" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumour">rumour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Allport" title="Gordon Allport">Gordon Allport</a> credited the staying-power of some rumours to the persistent cultural state-of-mind that they embody and capsulise;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus "<a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legends</a>" are a feature of rumour.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Willian Hugh Jansen suggested that legends that disappear quickly were "short-term legends" and the persistent ones be termed "long-term legends", the distinction between legend and rumour was effectively obliterated, Tangherlini concluded.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_legenda">Christian <i>legenda</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legend&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Christian legenda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legendary_(hagiography)" title="Legendary (hagiography)">Legendary (hagiography)</a></div> <p>In a narrow Christian sense, <i>legenda</i> ("things to be read [on a certain day, in church]") were <a href="/wiki/Hagiographical" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagiographical">hagiographical</a> accounts, often collected in a legendary. Because saints' lives are often included in many miracle stories, <i>legend</i>, in a wider sense, came to refer to any story that is set in a historical context, but that contains <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a>, divine or fantastic elements.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oral_tradition">Oral tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legend&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Oral tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">Oral tradition</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">History preserved orally</a> through many generations often takes on a more <a href="/wiki/Narrative_history" title="Narrative history">narrative-based</a> or <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">mythological</a> form over time,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an example being the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Kitara" title="Empire of Kitara">oral traditions of the African Great Lakes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_concepts">Related concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legend&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Related concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MataGrifone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MataGrifone.jpg/220px-MataGrifone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MataGrifone.jpg/330px-MataGrifone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MataGrifone.jpg/440px-MataGrifone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>Giants Mata and Grifone, celebrated in the streets of <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>, Italy, the second week of August, according to a legend are founders of the Sicilian city.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%BCbner_B%C3%BCrkner_Genoveva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/H%C3%BCbner_B%C3%BCrkner_Genoveva.jpg/220px-H%C3%BCbner_B%C3%BCrkner_Genoveva.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/H%C3%BCbner_B%C3%BCrkner_Genoveva.jpg/330px-H%C3%BCbner_B%C3%BCrkner_Genoveva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/H%C3%BCbner_B%C3%BCrkner_Genoveva.jpg/440px-H%C3%BCbner_B%C3%BCrkner_Genoveva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>The mediaeval legend of <a href="/wiki/Genevieve_of_Brabant" title="Genevieve of Brabant">Genevieve of Brabant</a> connected her to <a href="/wiki/Treves" class="mw-redirect" title="Treves">Treves</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Delehaye" title="Hippolyte Delehaye">Hippolyte Delehaye</a> distinguished legend from <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">myth</a>: "The <i>legend</i>, on the other hand, has, of necessity, some historical or topographical connection. It refers imaginary events to some real personage, or it localizes romantic stories in some definite spot."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the moment a legend is retold as fiction, its authentic legendary qualities begin to fade and recede: in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a> transformed a local Hudson River Valley legend into a literary anecdote with <a href="/wiki/Gothic_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic novel">"Gothic" overtones</a>, which actually tended to diminish its character as genuine legend.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stories that exceed the boundaries of "<a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realism</a>" are called "<a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">fables</a>". For example, the <a href="/wiki/Talking_animal" title="Talking animal">talking animal</a> formula of <a href="/wiki/Aesop" title="Aesop">Aesop</a> identifies his brief stories as fables and not legends. The parable of the <a href="/wiki/Prodigal_Son" class="mw-redirect" title="Prodigal Son">Prodigal Son</a> would be a legend if it were told as having actually happened to a specific son of a historical father. If it included a <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a> that gave sage advice to the Prodigal Son it would be a fable.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Legend may be transmitted orally, passed on person-to-person, or, in the original sense, through written text. <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_de_Voragine" title="Jacobus de Voragine">Jacobus de Voragine</a>'s <i>Legenda Aurea</i> or "The Golden Legend" comprises a series of <i>vitae</i> or instructive biographical narratives, tied to the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical calendar">liturgical calendar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>. They are presented as lives of the saints, but the profusion of miraculous happenings and above all their uncritical context are characteristics of <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a>. The <i>Legenda</i> was intended to inspire extemporized homilies and sermons appropriate to the <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_legend">Urban legend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legend&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Urban legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></div> <p>Urban legends are a modern genre of folklore that is rooted in local <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a>, usually comprising fictional stories that are often presented as true, with <a href="/wiki/Macabre" title="Macabre">macabre</a> or <a href="/wiki/Humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Humor">humorous</a> elements. These legends can be used for entertainment purposes, as well as semi-serious explanations for seemingly-mysterious events, such as disappearances and strange objects. </p><p>The term "urban legend," as generally used by folklorists, has appeared in print since at least 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Harold_Brunvand" title="Jan Harold Brunvand">Jan Harold Brunvand</a>, professor of English at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a>, introduced the term to the general public in a series of popular books published beginning in 1981. Brunvand used his collection of legends, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Vanishing_Hitchhiker" class="mw-redirect" title="The Vanishing Hitchhiker">The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends & Their Meanings</a></i> (1981) to make two points: first, that legends and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> do not occur exclusively in so-called primitive or traditional societies, and second, that one could learn much about urban and modern culture by studying such tales. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Graveyard_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The tale of the White Lady who haunts Union Cemetery is a variant of the Vanishing hitchhiker legend."><img alt="The tale of the White Lady who haunts Union Cemetery is a variant of the Vanishing hitchhiker legend." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Union_Graveyard_II.jpg/200px-Union_Graveyard_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Union_Graveyard_II.jpg/300px-Union_Graveyard_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Union_Graveyard_II.jpg/400px-Union_Graveyard_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The tale of the White Lady who haunts Union Cemetery is a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Vanishing_hitchhiker" title="Vanishing hitchhiker">Vanishing hitchhiker</a> legend.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahay_na_Pula_fvf_2014-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bahay na Pula in the Philippines is believed to be haunted by all those who were murdered and raped by the Japanese army within the property during World War II."><img alt="Bahay na Pula in the Philippines is believed to be haunted by all those who were murdered and raped by the Japanese army within the property during World War II." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bahay_na_Pula_fvf_2014-1.jpg/200px-Bahay_na_Pula_fvf_2014-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bahay_na_Pula_fvf_2014-1.jpg/300px-Bahay_na_Pula_fvf_2014-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bahay_na_Pula_fvf_2014-1.jpg/400px-Bahay_na_Pula_fvf_2014-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bahay_na_Pula" title="Bahay na Pula">Bahay na Pula</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> is believed to be haunted by all those who were murdered and raped by the Japanese army within the property during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legend&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_saga" title="Legendary saga">Legendary saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Legendary creature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_legendary_creatures" title="Lists of legendary creatures">Lists of legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">The Matter of Britain</a>, Arthurian legend</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_France" title="Matter of France">Matter of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_history" title="Narrative history">Narrative history</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legend&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeorges,_RobertOwens,_Michael1995" class="citation book cs1">Georges, Robert; Owens, Michael (1995). <i>Folkloristics</i>. United States of America: Indiana University Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-32934-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-32934-5"><bdi>0-253-32934-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folkloristics&rft.place=United+States+of+America&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-253-32934-5&rft.au=Georges%2C+Robert&rft.au=Owens%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_literary-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_literary_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldick2015" class="citation book cs1">Baldick, Chris (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198715443.001.0001/acref-9780198715443-e-646?rskey=Nc4w5m&result=9"><i>Legend</i></a>. Oxford University Press – Oxford Reference Online. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-871544-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-871544-3"><bdi>978-0-19-871544-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426235953/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198715443.001.0001/acref-9780198715443-e-646?rskey=Nc4w5m&result=9">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-24</span></span>. <q>A story or group of stories handed down through popular oral tradition, usually consisting of an exaggerated or unreliable account of some actually or possibly historical person—often a saint, monarch, or popular hero. Legends are sometimes distinguished from myths in that they concern human beings rather than gods, and sometimes in that they have some sort of historical basis whereas myths do not; but these distinctions are difficult to maintain consistently. The term was originally applied to accounts of saints' lives..</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legend&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+%E2%80%93+Oxford+Reference+Online&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-871544-3&rft.aulast=Baldick&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198715443.001.0001%2Facref-9780198715443-e-646%3Frskey%3DNc4w5m%26result%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bascom-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bascom_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBascom1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Bascom" title="William Bascom">Bascom, William Russell</a> (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AU0hNAAACAAJ"><i>The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives</i></a>. University of California. pp. <span class="nowrap">4–</span>5, 9. <q>Myths are often associated with theology and ritual. Their main characters are not usually human beings, but they often have human attributes; they are animals, deities, or culture heroes, whose actions are set in an earlier world, when the earth was different from what it is today, or in another world such as the sky or underworld....Legends are more often secular than sacred, and their principal characters are human. They tell of migrations, wars and victories, deeds of past heroes, chiefs, and kings, and succession in ruling dynasties.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forms+of+Folklore%3A+Prose+Narratives&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E5%2C+9&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Bascom&rft.aufirst=William+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAU0hNAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norbert Krapf, <i>Beneath the Cherry Sapling: Legends from Franconia</i> (New York: Fordham University Press) 1988, devotes his opening section to distinguishing the <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genre</a> of legend from other narrative forms, such as <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tale</a>; he "reiterates the Grimms' definition of legend as a folktale historically grounded", according to Hans Sebald's review in <i>German Studies Review</i> <b>13</b>.2 (May 1990), p 312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tangherlini, "'It Happened Not Too Far from Here...': A Survey of Legend Theory and Characterization" <i>Western Folklore</i> <b>49</b>.4 (October 1990:371–390) p. 385.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">That is to say, specifically located in place and time.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, s.v. "legend"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymonline-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-etymonline_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymonline_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=legendary">"legendary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=legendary&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dlegendary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legendry">"legendry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=legendry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Flegendry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Collinson. <i>Elizabethans</i>, "Truth and Legend: The Veracity of John Foxe's Book of Martyrs" 2003:151–77, balances the authentic records and rhetorical presentation of Foxe's <i>Acts and Monuments</i>, itself a mighty force of Protestant legend-making. Sherry L. Reames, <i>The Legenda Aurea: a reexamination of its paradoxical history</i>, 1985, examines the "Renaissance verdict" on the Legenda, and its wider influence in skeptical approaches to Catholic <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a> in general.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Das Märchen ist poetischer, die Sage, historischer</i>, quoted at the commencement of Tangherlini's survey of legend scholarship (Tangherlini 1990:371)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wehrhan <i>Die Sage</i> (Leipzig) 1908.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ranke, "Grundfragen der Volkssagen Forshung", in Leander Petzoldt (ed.), <i>Vergleichende Sagenforschung</i> 1971:1–20, noted by Tangherlini 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peuckert, <i>Sagen</i> (Munich: E Schmidt) 1965.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This was stimulated in part, Tangherlini suggests, by the 1962 congress of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ranke, "Grundfragen der Volkssagenforschung", <i>Niederdeutsche Zeitschrift für Volkskunde</i> <b>3</b> (1925, reprinted 1969)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles L. Perdue Jt., reviewing <a href="/wiki/Linda_D%C3%A9gh" title="Linda Dégh">Linda Dégh</a> and Andrew Vászony's essay "The crack on the red goblet or truth and the modern legend" in Richard M. Dorson, ed. <i>Folklore in the Modern World</i>, (The Hague: Mouton 1978), in <i>The Journal of American Folklore</i> <b>93</b> No. 369 (July–September 1980:367), remarked on Ranke's definition, criticized in the essay, as a "dead issue". A more recent examination of the balance between oral performance and literal truth at work in legends forms Gillian Bennett's chapter "Legend: Performance and Truth" in Gillian Bennett and Paul Smith, eds. <i>Contemporary Legend</i> (Garland) 1996:17–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">de Boor, "Märchenforschung", <i>Zeitschrift für Deutschkunde</i> <b>42</b> 1928:563–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lutz_R%C3%B6hrich" title="Lutz Röhrich">Lutz Röhrich</a>, <i>Märchen und Wirklichkeit: Eine volkskundliche Untersuchung</i> (Wiesbaden: Steiner Verlag) 1956:9–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heiske, "Das Märchen ist poetischer, die Sage, historischer: Versuch einer Kritik", <i>Deutschunterricht</i><b>14</b> 1962:69–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernheim, <i>Einleitung in der Geschichtswissenschaft</i>(Berlin: de Gruyter) 1928.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allport, <i>The Psychology of Rumor</i> (New York: Holt, Rinehart) 1947:164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bengt_af_Klintberg" title="Bengt af Klintberg">Bengt af Klintberg</a>, "Folksägner i dag" <i>Fataburen</i> 1976:269–96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Hugh Jansen, "Legend: oral tradition in the modern experience", <i>Folklore Today, A Festschrift for Richard M. Dorson</i> (Bloomington: Indiana University Press) 1972:265–72, noted in Tangherlini 1990:375.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09121a.htm"><i>Literary or Profane Legends</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100611064242/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09121a.htm">Archived</a> 2010-06-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Catholic Encyclopedia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVansina1985" class="citation book cs1">Vansina, Jan (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A-CVBVzZwmAC&dq=oral+tradition+as+history&pg=PR5"><i>Oral tradition as history</i></a>. University of Wisconsin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-10213-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-10213-5"><bdi>978-0-299-10213-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oral+tradition+as+history&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-299-10213-5&rft.aulast=Vansina&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA-CVBVzZwmAC%26dq%3Doral%2Btradition%2Bas%2Bhistory%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/delehaye-legends.html">Hippolyte Delehaye, <i>The Legends of the Saints: An Introduction to Hagiography</i> (1907)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100110212608/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/delehaye-legends.html">Archived</a> 2010-01-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Chapter I: Preliminary Definitions</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2006" class="citation book cs1">Encyclopædia Britannica (2006). "Fable". <i>Britannica Concise Encyclopedia</i>. Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 652. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593392932" title="Special:BookSources/9781593392932"><bdi>9781593392932</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fable&rft.btitle=Britannica+Concise+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=652&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781593392932&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy R. Tangherlini, "'It Happened Not Too Far from Here...': A Survey of Legend Theory and Characterization" <i>Western Folklore</i> <b>49</b>.4 (October 1990:371–390). A condensed survey with extensive bibliography.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford English Dictionary, 2d ed. 1989, entry for "urban legend," citing R. M. Dorson in T. P. Coffin, <i>Our Living Traditions</i>, xiv. 166 (1968). See also William B. Edgerton, <i>The Ghost in Search of Help for a Dying Man</i>, Journal of the Folklore Institute, Vol. 5, No. 1. pp. 31, 38, 41 (1968).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a> genres and types</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narrative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_tale" title="Animal tale">Animal tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">Fable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fairy_tales" title="List of fairy tales">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Tall tales">Tall tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">Parable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_narrative" title="Personal narrative">Personal narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">Oral tradition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">Folk etymology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_etymology" title="False etymology">False</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke" title="Joke">Joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">Nursery rhyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb">Proverb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddle" title="Riddle">Riddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saying" title="Saying">Saying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_game" title="Word game">Word game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Folk_belief" title="Folk belief">Folk belief</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birthstone" title="Birthstone">Birthstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_saint" title="Folk saint">Folk saint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostlore" title="Ghostlore">Ghostlore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_tripping" title="Legend tripping">Legend tripping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_gemstones" title="Luminous gemstones">Luminous gemstones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_wives%27_tale" title="Old wives' tale">Old wives' tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_bullet" title="Silver bullet">Silver bullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_lore" title="Weather lore">Weather lore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Folk_arts" title="Folk arts">Folk arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_folk-epics" title="List of world folk-epics">Folk epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Folk instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_play" title="Folk play">Folk play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_poetry" title="Folk poetry">Folk poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_wrestling" title="Folk wrestling">Folk wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foodways" title="Foodways">Foodways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cunning_folk" title="Cunning folk">Cunning folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakelore" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakelore">Fakelore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_devil" title="Folk devil">Folk devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_healer" title="Folk healer">Folk healer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">Folk hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_studies" title="Folklore studies">Folklore studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphology_(folkloristics)" title="Morphology (folkloristics)">Morphology (folkloristics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aarne%E2%80%93Thompson%E2%80%93Uther_Index" title="Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index">Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motif-Index_of_Folk-Literature" title="Motif-Index of Folk-Literature">Motif-Index of Folk-Literature</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling">Storytelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_knowledge" title="Traditional knowledge">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_story" title="Traditional story">Story</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">Vernacular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Narrative321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrative" title="Template:Narrative"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narrative" title="Template talk:Narrative"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narrative" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narrative"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Narrative321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">Narrative</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Character_(arts)" title="Character (arts)">Character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antagonist" title="Antagonist">Antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archenemy" title="Archenemy">Archenemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_arc" title="Character arc">Character arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_flaw" title="Character flaw">Character flaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Characterization" title="Characterization">Characterization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidant" title="Confidant">Confidant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuteragonist" title="Deuteragonist">Deuteragonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_protagonist" title="False protagonist">False protagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_character" title="Focal character">Focal character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foil_(narrative)" title="Foil (narrative)">Foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_double" title="Gothic double">Gothic double</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamartia" title="Hamartia">Hamartia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Hero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">Anti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_hero" title="Tragic hero">Tragic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narration" title="Narration">Narrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">Protagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_man" title="Straight man">Straight man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporting_character" title="Supporting character">Supporting character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_character" title="Title character">Title character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritagonist" title="Tritagonist">Tritagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">Villain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plot_(narrative)" title="Plot (narrative)">Plot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ab_ovo" title="Ab ovo">Ab ovo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_(narrative)" title="Action (narrative)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstory" title="Backstory">Backstory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_story" title="Origin story">Origin story</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekhov%27s_gun" title="Chekhov's gun">Chekhov's gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clich%C3%A9" title="Cliché">Cliché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliffhanger" title="Cliffhanger">Cliffhanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_(narrative)" title="Conflict (narrative)">Conflict</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deus_ex_machina" title="Deus ex machina">Deus ex machina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_in_writing" title="Dialogue in writing">Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic structure">Dramatic structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucatastrophe" title="Eucatastrophe">Eucatastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreshadowing" title="Foreshadowing">Foreshadowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashback_(narrative)" title="Flashback (narrative)">Flashback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashforward" title="Flashforward">Flashforward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_story" title="Frame story">Frame story</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_medias_res" title="In medias res">In medias res</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kish%C5%8Dtenketsu" title="Kishōtenketsu">Kishōtenketsu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGuffin" title="MacGuffin">MacGuffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_(narrative)" title="Pace (narrative)">Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_device" title="Plot device">Plot device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_twist" title="Plot twist">Plot twist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_justice" title="Poetic justice">Poetic justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_herring" title="Red herring">Red herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reveal_(narrative)" title="Reveal (narrative)">Reveal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-insertion" title="Self-insertion">Self-insertion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaggy_dog_story" title="Shaggy dog story">Shaggy dog story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_arc" title="Story arc">Story arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_within_a_story" title="Story within a story">Story within a story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subplot" title="Subplot">Subplot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspense" title="Suspense">Suspense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">Trope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Setting_(narrative)" title="Setting (narrative)">Setting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstory" title="Backstory">Backstory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_(fiction)" title="Crossover (fiction)">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_world_(plot_device)" title="Dream world (plot device)">Dreamworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">Dystopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_location" title="Fictional location">Fictional location</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional city">city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_country" title="Fictional country">country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_universe" title="Fictional universe">universe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">parallel</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldbuilding" title="Worldbuilding">Worldbuilding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theme_(narrative)" title="Theme (narrative)">Theme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">Irony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leitmotif" title="Leitmotif">Leitmotif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">Metaphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">Moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_development" title="Moral development">Moral development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motif_(narrative)" title="Motif (narrative)">Motif</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deal_with_the_Devil" title="Deal with the Devil">Deal with the Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_and_evil" title="Good and evil">Conflict between good and evil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-fulfilling_prophecy" title="Self-fulfilling prophecy">Self-fulfilling prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">Time travel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Writing_style" title="Writing style">Style</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">Allegory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathos" title="Bathos">Bathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_relief" title="Comic relief">Comic relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diction" title="Diction">Diction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_of_speech" title="Figure of speech">Figure of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagery" title="Imagery">Imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_(literature)" title="Mode (literature)">Mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mood_(literature)" title="Mood (literature)">Mood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narration" title="Narration">Narration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_narrative_techniques" title="List of narrative techniques">Narrative techniques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_hook" title="Narrative hook">Hook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show,_don%27t_tell" title="Show, don't tell">Show, don't tell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylistic_device" title="Stylistic device">Stylistic device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_disbelief" title="Suspension of disbelief">Suspension of disbelief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_(literature)" title="Tone (literature)">Tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic structure">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_(drama)" title="Act (drama)">Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic structure">Act structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-act_structure" title="Three-act structure">Three-act structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freytag%27s_Pyramid" class="mw-redirect" title="Freytag's Pyramid">Freytag's Pyramid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exposition_(narrative)" title="Exposition (narrative)">Exposition</a>/<a href="/wiki/Protasis" title="Protasis">Protasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitasis" title="Epitasis">Rising action/Epitasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climax_(narrative)" title="Climax (narrative)">Climax</a>/<a href="/wiki/Peripeteia" title="Peripeteia">Peripeteia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastasis" title="Catastasis">Falling action/Catastasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(drama)" title="Catastrophe (drama)">Denouement/Catastrophe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative structure">Linear narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_narrative" title="Nonlinear narrative">Nonlinear narrative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nonlinear_narrative_films" title="List of nonlinear narrative films">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nonlinear_narrative_television_series" title="List of nonlinear narrative television series">television series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premise_(narrative)" title="Premise (narrative)">Premise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_fiction_with_multiple_endings" title="Types of fiction with multiple endings">Types of fiction with multiple endings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_narrative_forms" title="List of narrative forms">Form</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">Drama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fabliau" title="Fabliau">Fabliau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_fiction" title="Flash fiction">Flash fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">Fable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_tale" title="Tall tale">Tall tale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamebook" title="Gamebook">Gamebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_art" title="Narrative art">Narrative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_poetry" title="Narrative poetry">Narrative poetry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">Epic poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novella" title="Novella">Novella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">Parable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">Short story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignette_(literature)" title="Vignette (literature)">Vignette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">Genre</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_genres" title="List of writing genres">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">Fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_fiction" title="Action fiction">Action fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_fiction" title="Adventure fiction">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_novel" title="Comic novel">Comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_fiction" title="Crime fiction">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistolary_novel" title="Epistolary novel">Epistolary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergodic_literature" title="Ergodic literature">Ergodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_literature" title="Erotic literature">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_fiction" title="Western fiction">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_fiction" title="Nautical fiction">Nautical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranoid_fiction" title="Paranoid fiction">Paranoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_fiction" title="Philosophical fiction">Philosophical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picaresque_novel" title="Picaresque novel">Picaresque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_fiction" title="Political fiction">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_culture_fiction" title="Pop culture fiction">Pop culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_fiction" title="Psychological fiction">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspirational_fiction" title="Inspirational fiction">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_literature" title="Rogue literature">Rogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_novel" title="Romance novel">Romance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romance" title="Chivalric romance">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(prose_fiction)" title="Romance (prose fiction)">Prose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" 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title="Diegesis">Diegesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-person_narrative" title="First-person narrative">First-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-person_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-person narrative">Second-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person narrative">Third-person</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_omniscient_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person omniscient narrative">Third-person omniscient narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narration#Subjective_or_objective" title="Narration">Subjectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unreliable_narrator" title="Unreliable narrator">Unreliable narrator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiperspectivity" title="Multiperspectivity">Multiple narrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness" title="Stream of consciousness">Stream of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_of_unconsciousness" title="Stream of unconsciousness">Stream of unconsciousness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grammatical_tense" title="Grammatical tense">Tense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past_tense" title="Past tense">Past</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_tense" title="Present tense">Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_tense" title="Future tense">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominant_narrative" title="Dominant narrative">Dominant narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiction_writing" title="Fiction writing">Fiction writing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_(fiction)" title="Continuity 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href="/wiki/Narrative_therapy" title="Narrative therapy">Narrative therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narratology" title="Narratology">Narratology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metafiction" title="Metafiction">Metafiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_narrative" title="Political narrative">Political narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms" title="Glossary of rhetorical terms">Glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenwriting" title="Screenwriting">Screenwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Works_series" title="Template:Works series">Series of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling">Storytelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellability" title="Tellability">Tellability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verisimilitude_(fiction)" title="Verisimilitude (fiction)">Verisimilitude</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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