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href="../zirconium/compound_properties.html">Zirconium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../_media/elements/discharge/Sb.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Antimony - <sub>51</sub>Sb</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Sb.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button p_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Antimony</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Сурма</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 銻</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Antimoon</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Antimoine</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Antimon</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 אנטימון</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Antimonio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 アンチモン</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Antimônio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Antimonio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Antimon</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Сурьма</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="p">Antimony - <sub><small>51</small></sub>Sb: properties of compounds</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a href="../antimony/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Sb Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../antimony/contents.html">List all Sb properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <p class="p_first">The <a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_bond/" title="View definition of diatomic bond enthalpy">bond energy in the gaseous diatomic species</a> SbSb is 299.2 ±6.3 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <h2 class="p">Antimony: bond enthalpies in gaseous diatomic species</h2> <p class="p_first">The following values refer to neutral heterodiatomic molecules in the gas phase. These numbers may well differ considerably from, say, single bond energies in a solid. All values are given in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="pure-table pure-table-striped"> <caption><strong>Diatomic SbX bond enthalpies. All values are quoted in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.</strong> Each formula in the table (SbO, SbF, and so on) is a link - select these to see visual periodicity representations for bond enthalpies involving antimony to elements of your choice.</caption> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MH/">SbH</a></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MHe/">SbHe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MLi/">SbLi</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MBe/">SbBe</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MB/">SbB</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MC/">SbC</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MN/">SbN</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MO/">SbO</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MF/">SbF</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MNe/">SbNe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>172.8 ±10.0</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>301 ±50</td> <td>434.3 ±41.8</td> <td>439 ±96</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MNa/">SbNa</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MMg/">SbMg</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MAl/">SbAl</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MSi/">SbSi</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MP/">SbP</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MS/">SbS</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MCl/">SbCl</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MAr/">SbAr</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>216.3 ±5.9</td> <td> </td> <td>356.9</td> <td>378.7</td> <td>360 ±50</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MK/">SbK</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MCa/">SbCa</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MGa/">SbGa</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MGe/">SbGe</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MAs/">SbAs</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MSe/">SbSe</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MBr/">SbBr</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MKr/">SbKr</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>192.0 ±12.6</td> <td> </td> <td>330.5 ±5.4</td> <td> </td> <td>314 ±59</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MRb/">SbRb</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MSr/">SbSr</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MIn/">SbIn</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MSn/">SbSn</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MSb/">SbSb</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MTe/">SbTe</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MI/">SbI</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MXe/">SbXe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>151.9 ±10.5</td> <td> </td> <td>299.2 ±6.3</td> <td>277.4 ±3.8</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MCs/">SbCs</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MBa/">SbBa</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MTl/">SbTl</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MPb/">SbPb</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MBi/">SbBi</a></td> <td>SbPo</td> <td>SbAt</td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MRn/">SbRn</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>126.8 ±10.5</td> <td>161.5 ±10.5</td> <td>251 ±4</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MFr/">SbFr</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MRa/">SbRa</a></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../_media/periodicity/tables/periodic_table_columns_white/enth_diatomics_MM_col_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of element-element diatomic bond energies for the chemical elements as size-coded columns on a periodic table grid." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of element-element diatomic bond energies for the chemical elements as size-coded columns on a periodic table grid.</figcaption></figure> <h3 class="p">Notes</h3> <p class="p_first">I am grateful to Professor J.A. Kerr (University of Birmingham, UK) for the provision of the bond strengths of diatomic molecules data.</p> <p>The values given here are at 298 K. All values are quoted in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>. Generally, these data were obtained by spectroscopic or mass spectrometric means. You should consult reference 1 for further details. A note of caution: the strength of, say, the C-H bond in the gaseous diatomic species CH (not an isolable species) is not necessarily, the same as the strength of a C-H bond in, say, methane.</p> <p>The strongest bond for a diatomic species is that of carbon monoxide, CO (1076.5 ± 0.4 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>). The strongest bond for a homonuclear diatomic species is that of dinitrogen, N<sub>2</sub> (945.33 ± 0.59 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>).</p> <h3 class="p">References</h3> <ol> <li>J.A. Kerr in <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0849304814/webelements">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 1999-2000 : A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></em>, D.R. Lide, (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.</li> </ol> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9334432533380510" data-ad-slot="4479092381" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div> <h2 class="p">Antimony: lattice energies</h2> <p class="p_first">All values of <a href="../periodicity/enthalpy_lattice/">lattice energies</a> are quoted in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="pure-table pure-table-striped"> <caption>Table. All values of <a href="../periodicity/enthalpy_lattice/">lattice energies</a> are quoted in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.</caption> <thead> <tr> <th>Compound</th> <th>Thermochemical cycle / kJ mol<sup>-1</sup></th> <th>Calculated / kJ mol<sup>-1</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="data"> <td class="data">SbF<sub>3</sub></td> <td class="data">5295</td> <td class="data">(no value)</td> </tr> <tr class="data"> <td class="data">SbCl<sub>3</sub></td> <td class="data">5032</td> <td class="data">(no value)</td> </tr> <tr class="data"> <td class="data">SbBr<sub>3</sub></td> <td class="data">4954</td> <td class="data">(no value)</td> </tr> <tr class="data"> <td class="data">SbI<sub>3</sub></td> <td class="data">4867</td> <td class="data">(no value)</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3">No data for any hydrides of antimony.</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3">No data for any oxides of antimony.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <ol> <li>H.D.B. Jenkins - personal communication. I am grateful to Prof Don Jenkins (University of Warwick, UK) who provided the lattice energy data, which are adapted from his contribution contained within reference 2.</li> <li>H.D.B. Jenkins in <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0849304814/webelements">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 1999-2000 : A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></em>, D.R. Lide, (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.</li> </ol> <h2 class="p">Standard Reduction Potentials</h2> <div><figure><img class="pure-img" src="../_media/elements/potentials/Sb.gif" alt="Standard reduction potentials of Sb" /><figcaption>Standard reduction potentials of antimony</figcaption></figure></div> <h3 class="p">References</h3> <p>The standard reduction potentials given here for aqueous solutions are adapted from the IUPAC publication reference 1 with additional data and an occasional correction incorporated from many other sources, in particular, references 2-7.</p> <ol> <li>A.J. Bard, R. Parsons, and J. Jordan, <em>Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions</em>, IUPAC (Marcel Dekker), New York, USA, 1985.</li> <li>N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0750633654/webelements">Chemistry of the Elements</a></em>, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 1997.</li> <li>F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471199575/webelements">Advanced Inorganic Chemistry</a></em>, 5th edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, 1988.</li> <li>B. Douglas, D.H. McDaniel, and J.J. Alexander, <em>Concepts and models of Inorganic Chemistry</em>, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, 1983.</li> <li>D.F. Shriver, P.W. Atkins, and C.H. Langford, <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0716736241/webelements">Inorganic Chemstry</a></em>, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1999.</li> <li>J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/006042995X/webelements">Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity</a></em>, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.</li> <li>G.T. Seaborg and W.D. Loveland in <em>The elements beyond uranium</em>, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, 1990.</li> </ol> </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2024 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. 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