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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principales_caractéristiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Principales caractéristiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principales_caractéristiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systématique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systématique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Systématique</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systématique-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Systématique</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systématique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Listes_des_espèces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listes_des_espèces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Listes des espèces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listes_des_espèces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogénie_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogénie_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Phylogénie externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogénie_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogénie_interne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogénie_interne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Phylogénie interne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogénie_interne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maladie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maladie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Maladie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maladie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_cerf_et_les_humains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_cerf_et_les_humains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Le cerf et les humains</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Le_cerf_et_les_humains-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Le cerf et les humains</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Le_cerf_et_les_humains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iconographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Iconographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iconographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Divers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Galerie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Article_connexe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_connexe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Article connexe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_connexe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références_taxonomiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références_taxonomiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Références taxonomiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références_taxonomiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cervidae</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 159 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-159" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">159 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa" title="Rusa – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rusa" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertagtiges" title="Hertagtiges – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hertagtiges" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsche" title="Hirsche – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hirsche" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%85_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%8B%E1%8B%98%E1%8A%95" title="የፈረንጅ አጋዘን – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የፈረንጅ አጋዘን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" title="Cervidae – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cervidae" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heorot" title="Heorot – ancien anglais" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Heorot" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ancien anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%84" title="أيل – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="ايل (فصيله من الثدييات) – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايل (فصيله من الثدييات)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" title="Cervidae – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cervidae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wackeciw" title="Wackeciw – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Wackeciw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D3%80%D1%83%D1%87%D3%80" title="РитӀучӀ – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="РитӀучӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wocol_(Cervidae)" title="Wocol (Cervidae) – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Wocol (Cervidae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taruka" title="Taruka – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Taruka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marallar" title="Marallar – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Marallar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%AD%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="مارال (حئیوان) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مارال (حئیوان)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Болан – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Болан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menjangan" title="Menjangan – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Menjangan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usa" title="Usa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Usa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Алені – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алені" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Аленевыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аленевыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Еленови – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Еленови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minjangan" title="Minjangan – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Minjangan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3" title="হরিণ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হরিণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཤ་བ། – tibétain" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཤ་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibétain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karveged" title="Karveged – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karveged" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelen" title="Jelen – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jelen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Буга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Буга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8rvids" title="Cèrvids – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cèrvids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%95%CC%A4k" title="Lĕ̤k – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lĕ̤k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Сай – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сай" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" title="Cervidae – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cervidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%AB" title="ᎠᏫ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏫ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1%C3%B3ts%C3%A9va" title="Váótséva – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Váótséva" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8E%D9%88%DB%8C" title="گاکێوی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گاکێوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelenovit%C3%AD" title="Jelenovití – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jelenovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Пăлан йышшисем – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пăлан йышшисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carw" title="Carw – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjorte" title="Hjorte – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hjorte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsche" title="Hirsche – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hirsche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kospes" title="Kospes – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kospes" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B9" title="Ελάφι – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελάφι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer" title="Deer – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Deer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervedoj" title="Cervedoj – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cervedoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" title="Cervidae – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cervidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirvlased" title="Hirvlased – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hirvlased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orein" title="Orein – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orein" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86" title="گوزن – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوزن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirviel%C3%A4imet" title="Hirvieläimet – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hirvieläimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsker" title="Hirsker – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hirsker" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fia" title="Fia – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiadh" title="Fiadh – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fiadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9rvidos" title="Cérvidos – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cérvidos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A4%D9%86%D8%AC" title="گؤنج – gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="گؤنج" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guasu" title="Guasu – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Guasu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%27ulu" title="Bu'ulu – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bu'ulu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A3" title="હરણ – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હરણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeaih" title="Feeaih – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Feeaih" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabbar_rendiya" title="Dabbar rendiya – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dabbar rendiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%CC%8Dk-%C3%A9" title="Lu̍k-é – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lu̍k-é" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" title="Cervidae – hawaïen" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Cervidae" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אייליים – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אייליים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="हिरण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeleni" title="Jeleni – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jeleni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8f" title="Sèf – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sèf" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szarvasf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Szarvasfélék – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szarvasfélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Եղջերու – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եղջերու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervides" title="Cervides – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cervides" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa" title="Rusa – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Саьрчий – ingouche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Саьрчий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingouche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervo" title="Cervo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cervo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjartard%C3%BDr" title="Hjartardýr – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hjartardýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" title="Cervidae – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cervidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AB" title="シカ – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ირმისებრნი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირმისებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izerzer" title="Izerzer – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Izerzer" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisa" title="Bisa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bisa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%B1%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бұғылар – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бұғылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಿಂಕೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಿಂಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%B4" title="사슴 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사슴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A7%D1%80" title="Кӧр – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Кӧр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3%D8%A0_%DA%A9%D9%94%D9%B9" title="روٗسؠ کٔٹ – cachemiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗسؠ کٔٹ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cachemiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A7%D1%80" title="Кӧр – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кӧр" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karow" title="Karow – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Karow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" title="Cervidae – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cervidae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Бюрни – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Бюрни" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servo" title="Servo – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Servo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerf" title="Cerf – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cerf" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ກວາງ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກວາງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elniniai" title="Elniniai – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elniniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%BC%C5%86u_saime" title="Aļņu saime – latgalien" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Aļņu saime" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brie%C5%BEu_dzimta" title="Briežu dzimta – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Briežu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serfa" title="Serfa – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Serfa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%B1%D1%87%D3%A7-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Пӱчӧ-влак – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пӱчӧ-влак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Елени – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Елени" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="മാൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯁꯖꯤ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯖꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A3" title="हरीण – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हरीण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Пучы – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Пучы" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa" title="Rusa – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="သမင် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သမင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D9%88" title="اشکاری‌گو – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اشکاری‌گو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3" title="हरिण – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हरिण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE" title="चलाचा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चलाचा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertachtigen" title="Hertachtigen – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hertachtigen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjortedyr" title="Hjortedyr – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hjortedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjortedyr" title="Hjortedyr – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjortedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%AF%C4%AFh" title="Bįįh – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bįįh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" title="Cervidae – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cervidae" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Саг – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Саг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasch" title="Hasch – pennsilfaanisch" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Hasch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="pennsilfaanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeleniowate" title="Jeleniowate – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jeleniowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ہرن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہرن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerv%C3%ADdeos" title="Cervídeos – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cervídeos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luwichu" title="Luwichu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Luwichu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerb" title="Cerb – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cerb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9Aerbu" title="Țerbu – aroumain" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Țerbu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Оленевые – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оленевые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%83" title="हरिणः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हरिणः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Табатыҥылар кэргэннэрэ – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Табатыҥылар кэргэннэрэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer" title="Deer – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Deer" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%B1%DA%BB%D9%8A" title="ھرڻي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھرڻي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeleni" title="Jeleni – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jeleni" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F" title="මුවා – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුවා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer" title="Deer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Deer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jele%C5%88ovit%C3%A9" title="Jeleňovité – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jeleňovité" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeleni" title="Jeleni – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jeleni" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eelo" title="Eelo – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Eelo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreri" title="Dreri – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dreri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Јелени – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јелени" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abani" title="Abani – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Abani" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harte" title="Harte – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Harte" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncal" title="Uncal – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Uncal" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjortdjur" title="Hjortdjur – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hjortdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" title="Cervidae – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Cervidae" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ngabul,_malunem" title="ngabul, malunem – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="ngabul, malunem" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மான் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಿಂಕೆ – toulou" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜಿಂಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="toulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD" title="Гавазн – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гавазн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="กวาง – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กวาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usa" title="Usa – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Usa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99nz" title="Gənz – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Gənz" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyik" title="Geyik – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Geyik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Боланнар – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Боланнар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Пужей – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Пужей" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Оленеві – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оленеві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ہرن – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہرن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug%CA%BBusimonlar" title="Bugʻusimonlar – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bugʻusimonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_H%C6%B0%C6%A1u_nai" title="Họ Hươu nai – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Hươu nai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertachtign" title="Hertachtign – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Hertachtign" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciervid%C3%AEs" title="Ciervidîs – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ciervidîs" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugs%C3%B3k" title="Bugsók – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bugsók" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%A7%91" title="鹿科 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鹿科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80gb%E1%BB%8D%CC%80r%C3%ADn" title="Àgbọ̀rín – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àgbọ̀rín" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duzloeg" title="Duzloeg – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Duzloeg" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7" title="ⵓⴷⴰⴷ – amazighe standard marocain" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵓⴷⴰⴷ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazighe standard marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%A7%91" title="鹿科 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鹿科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%CC%8Dk-kho" title="Lo̍k-kho – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lo̍k-kho" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BF" title="鹿 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鹿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyamazane" title="Inyamazane – zoulou" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inyamazane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zoulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23390#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cervidae" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Cervidae" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cervidae"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cervidae"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Cervidae" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Cervidae" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&oldid=219596180" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Cervidae&id=219596180&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCervidae"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCervidae"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Cervidae"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cervidae&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23390" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigé depuis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervid%C3%A9s&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervidés">Cervidés</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Redirection" title="Aide:Redirection"><img alt="Page d’aide sur les redirections" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/20px-Arrows-move.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/30px-Arrows-move.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/40px-Arrows-move.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>« Cerf » redirige ici. Pour les autres significations, voir <a href="/wiki/Cerf_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cerf (homonymie)">Cerf (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r204255952">.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3{font-size:0.99em}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .entete,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 p.bloc{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bordered th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bordered td{padding-bottom:4px;border-top:1px solid #ededed}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.animal .entete{background-color:LightSalmon}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.animal caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.animal p.bloc{background-color:Bisque}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.plante .entete{background-color:lightgreen}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.plante caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.plante p.bloc{background-color:#ccffcc}.mw-parser-output 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.taxobox_classification .normal,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 th[scope="row"]{font-style:normal}</style><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large taxobox_v3 zoologie animal bordered" style="width:20em"> <div class="entete" style=""> <div>Cervidae</div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Family_Cervidae_five_species.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Family_Cervidae_five_species.jpg/240px-Family_Cervidae_five_species.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Family_Cervidae_five_species.jpg/360px-Family_Cervidae_five_species.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Family_Cervidae_five_species.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="452" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Différents cervidés.</div><table class="taxobox_classification"><caption style=""><a href="/wiki/Classification_scientifique_des_esp%C3%A8ces" title="Classification scientifique des espèces">Classification</a></caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologie)" title="Règne (biologie)">Règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Embranchement_(biologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embranchement (biologie)">Embranchement</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sous-embranchement" title="Sous-embranchement"><abbr class="abbr" title="Sous-embranchement">Sous-embr.</abbr></a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Classe_(biologie)" title="Classe (biologie)">Classe</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Mammalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Infra-classe" title="Infra-classe">Infra-classe</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia">Placentalia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Ordre_(biologie)" title="Ordre (biologie)">Ordre</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Cetartiodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetartiodactyla">Cetartiodactyla</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sous-ordre" title="Sous-ordre">Sous-ordre</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Ruminantia" title="Ruminantia">Ruminantia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Infra-ordre" title="Infra-ordre">Infra-ordre</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Pecora" title="Pecora">Pecora</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie)">Famille</a></p><div class="center taxobox_classification"><b><span class="normal"><span style="font-style: normal">Cervidae</span></span></b><br /><span class="rnormal"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Georg_August_Goldfuss" title="Georg August Goldfuss">Goldfuss</a>, <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a></b></small></span></div> </div> <p>Les <b>cervidés</b> (<b>Cervidae</b>, du latin <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">cervus</span></i> « cerf », apparenté au grec <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">κεραός</span> / <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>keraos</i></span>, « cornu ») forment une <a href="/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie)">famille</a> de <a href="/wiki/Mammif%C3%A8re" title="Mammifère">mammifères</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruminantia" title="Ruminantia">ruminants</a> présentant un nombre pair de doigts. Elle comprend notamment les <a href="/wiki/Cerf_%C3%A9laphe" title="Cerf élaphe">cerfs</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Chevreuil" title="Chevreuil">chevreuils</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Rangifer_tarandus" title="Rangifer tarandus">rennes</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Alces" title="Alces">élans</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Daim" title="Daim">daims</a>, ainsi que des espèces moins connues comme les <a href="/wiki/Pudu" title="Pudu">pudus</a> ou les <a href="/wiki/Hydropotes_inermis" title="Hydropotes inermis">hydropotes</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminologie">Terminologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Terminologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Terminologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Le mot « <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/faon" class="extiw" title="wikt:faon">faon</a> » peut désigner le jeune de différentes espèces, notamment celui du cerf, du chevreuil, du daim, du renne.</li> <li>Le <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/h%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="wikt:hère">hère</a> est un jeune cerf de six mois à un an, qui ne porte pas encore de bois.</li> <li>Le <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/daguet" class="extiw" title="wikt:daguet">daguet</a> est un jeune cerf qui porte ses premiers bois.</li> <li>Le <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/brocard" class="extiw" title="wikt:brocard">brocard</a> est le mâle de plus d'un an chez le chevreuil.</li> <li><i>Pour certaines espèces, la femelle porte un nom spécifique :</i> <ul><li>cerf : <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/biche" class="extiw" title="wikt:biche">biche</a> ;</li> <li>chevreuil : <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/chevrette" class="extiw" title="wikt:chevrette">chevrette</a> ;</li> <li>daim : <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/daine" class="extiw" title="wikt:daine">daine</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principales_caractéristiques"><span id="Principales_caract.C3.A9ristiques"></span>Principales caractéristiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Principales caractéristiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Principales caractéristiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:2_deers_,_parnitha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/2_deers_%2C_parnitha.jpg/220px-2_deers_%2C_parnitha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/2_deers_%2C_parnitha.jpg/330px-2_deers_%2C_parnitha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/2_deers_%2C_parnitha.jpg/440px-2_deers_%2C_parnitha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6367" data-file-height="5125" /></a><figcaption>Deux cervidae, en Grèce. Mars 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>La particularité des cervidés est de porter des <a href="/wiki/Bois_(cervid%C3%A9)" title="Bois (cervidé)">bois</a>, des organes osseux caducs présents sur la tête des mâles. Il existe toutefois quelques exceptions : </p> <ul><li>chez les <a href="/wiki/Rangifer_tarandus" title="Rangifer tarandus">rennes</a>, les deux sexes portent des bois ;</li> <li>chez certaines espèces, les bois sont absents (<i><a href="/wiki/Hydropotes_inermis" title="Hydropotes inermis">Hydropotes inermis</a></i>), ou à l'état de vestiges (genres <i><a href="/wiki/Pudu" title="Pudu">Pudu</a></i> et <i><a href="/wiki/Mazama" title="Mazama">Mazama</a></i>).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Cerf_10_cors_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Cerf_10_cors_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg/170px-Cerf_10_cors_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Cerf_10_cors_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg/255px-Cerf_10_cors_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Cerf_10_cors_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg/340px-Cerf_10_cors_trophee_chateau_Tanlay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Trophée d'un <a href="/wiki/Cerf_%C3%A9laphe" title="Cerf élaphe">cerf élaphe</a> quatorze cors (<a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Tanlay" title="Château de Tanlay">château de Tanlay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yonne_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Yonne (département)">Yonne)</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Les bois des cervidés forment un trophée (terme de <a href="/wiki/Chasse" title="Chasse">chasse</a> employé aussi bien pour la parure sur l'animal vivant, que dans le sens plus connu de <a href="/wiki/Chasse_aux_troph%C3%A9es" title="Chasse aux trophées">trophée de chasse</a>). Ils muent chaque année ; le produit de la mue (les bois morts délaissés) s'appelle la « mue »<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les cervidés constituent les derniers grands ruminants sauvages des régions tempérées. À travers le monde, il en existe quarante-quatre espèces réparties en dix-sept genres. </p><p>Les cervidés les plus fréquents dans les forêts d'Europe sont le <a href="/wiki/Cerf_%C3%A9laphe" title="Cerf élaphe">cerf élaphe</a> (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>), le <a href="/wiki/Chevreuil" title="Chevreuil">chevreuil</a> (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) et le <a href="/wiki/Daim" title="Daim">daim</a> (<i>Dama dama</i>). En <a href="/wiki/Scandinavie" title="Scandinavie">Scandinavie</a>, s'y ajoutent le renne (<i><a href="/wiki/Rangifer_tarandus" title="Rangifer tarandus">Rangifer tarandus</a></i>) et l'élan (<i><a href="/wiki/Alces_alces" title="Alces alces">Alces alces</a></i>), également présent en Europe centrale. D'autres espèces ont été acclimatées en Europe et peuvent s'y rencontrer occasionnellement, comme le <a href="/wiki/Cerf_sika" title="Cerf sika">cerf sika</a> (<i>Cervus nippon</i>). </p><p>Ils sont nettement divisés en deux ensembles phylogénétiquement cohérents : l'un, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cozone_pal%C3%A9arctique" title="Écozone paléarctique">paléarctique</a> et <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cozone_Indomalaise" title="Écozone Indomalaise">indomalaise</a> : cervidés européens ; l'autre, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cozone_n%C3%A9arctique" title="Écozone néarctique">néarctique</a> et <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cozone_n%C3%A9otropique" title="Écozone néotropique">néotropicale</a> : cervidés américains. Trois espèces seulement échappent à la règle, avec une répartition <a href="/wiki/Holarctique" title="Holarctique">holarctique</a> : le cerf élaphe, ou <a href="/wiki/Wapiti" title="Wapiti">wapiti</a>, en Amérique, le renne, ou caribou et l'élan, ou orignal. </p><p>La taille des cervidés varie de celle d'un <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8vre" title="Lièvre">lièvre</a> pour le pudu à celle d'un grand <a href="/wiki/Cheval" title="Cheval">cheval</a> pour l'élan. </p> <div class="clear" style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systématique"><span id="Syst.C3.A9matique"></span>Systématique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Systématique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Systématique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Listes_des_espèces"><span id="Listes_des_esp.C3.A8ces"></span>Listes des espèces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Listes des espèces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Listes des espèces"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ils sont divisés en deux sous-familles : </p> <ul><li>Sous-famille des <a href="/wiki/Capreolinae" title="Capreolinae">Capreolinae</a> : <ul><li>Tribu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capreolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capreolini (page inexistante)">Capreolini</a> <ul><li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Hydropotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydropotes">Hydropotes</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hydropotes_inermis" title="Hydropotes inermis">Hydropotes inermis</a></i>, le cerf d'eau de Chine.</li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus">Capreolus</a></i> : <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Capreolus_capreolus" class="mw-redirect" title="Capreolus capreolus">Capreolus capreolus</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Chevreuil" title="Chevreuil">chevreuil européen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capreolus_pygargus" class="mw-redirect" title="Capreolus pygargus">Capreolus pygargus</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Chevreuil_de_Sib%C3%A9rie" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevreuil de Sibérie">chevreuil de Sibérie</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alceini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alceini (page inexistante)">Alceini</a> <ul><li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Alces" title="Alces">Alces</a></i> : <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alces_alces" title="Alces alces">Alces alces</a></i>, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89lan" class="mw-redirect" title="Élan">élan</a> ou orignal.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangiferini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangiferini (page inexistante)">Rangiferini</a> <ul><li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Rangifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangifer">Rangifer</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rangifer_tarandus" title="Rangifer tarandus">Rangifer tarandus</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Renne" class="mw-redirect" title="Renne">renne</a> ou caribou.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odocoileini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odocoileini (page inexistante)">Odocoileini</a> <ul><li>genre †<i><a href="/wiki/Cervalces" title="Cervalces">Cervalces</a></i> (éteint) : <ul><li>†<i>C. gallicus</i></li> <li>†<i>C. carnutorum</i></li> <li>†<i>C. latifrons</i></li> <li>†<i>C. scotti</i></li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Odocoileus" title="Odocoileus">Odocoileus</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odocoileus_hemionus" title="Odocoileus hemionus">Odocoileus hemionus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odocoileus_virginianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Odocoileus virginianus">Odocoileus virginianus</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Cerf_de_Virginie" title="Cerf de Virginie">cerf de Virginie</a>, souvent appelé «chevreuil» en <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord" title="Amérique du Nord">Amérique du Nord</a></li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Ozotoceros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozotoceros">Ozotoceros</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ozotoceros_bezoarticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozotoceros bezoarticus">Ozotoceros bezoarticus</a></i> ou <a href="/wiki/Cerf_des_pampas" title="Cerf des pampas">cerf des pampas</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Mazama" title="Mazama">Mazama</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daguet_rouge" title="Daguet rouge">Mazama americana</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Daguet_rouge" title="Daguet rouge">daguet rouge</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mazama_bricenii" title="Mazama bricenii">Mazama bricenii</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Mazame_nain_gris" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazame nain gris">mazame nain gris</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mazama_chunyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazama chunyi">Mazama chunyi</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Daguet_nain" class="mw-redirect" title="Daguet nain">daguet nain</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mazama_gouazoubira" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazama gouazoubira">Mazama gouazoubira</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Daguet_gris" title="Daguet gris">daguet gris</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mazama_nana" title="Mazama nana">Mazama nana</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Mazame_nain" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazame nain">mazame nain</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazama_pandora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazama pandora (page inexistante)">Mazama pandora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mazama_rufina" title="Mazama rufina">Mazama rufina</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Pudu" title="Pudu">Pudu</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pudu_mephistophiles" title="Pudu mephistophiles">Pudu mephistophiles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pudu_puda" title="Pudu puda">Pudu puda</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Blastocerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Blastocerus">Blastocerus</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blastocerus_dichotomus" title="Blastocerus dichotomus">Blastocerus dichotomus</a></i>, le cerf des marais.</li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Hippocamelus" title="Hippocamelus">Hippocamelus</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hippocamelus_antisensis" title="Hippocamelus antisensis">Hippocamelus antisensis</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Taruca" class="mw-redirect" title="Taruca">taruca</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Cerf_andin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerf andin">cerf andin</a> (rarement appelé <a href="/wiki/Guemal_du_P%C3%A9rou" class="mw-redirect" title="Guemal du Pérou">guemal du Pérou</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hippocamelus_bisulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippocamelus bisulcus">Hippocamelus bisulcus</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Guemal_du_Chili" class="mw-redirect" title="Guemal du Chili">guemal du Chili</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Huemul" title="Huemul">huemul</a>.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Sous-famille des <a href="/wiki/Cervinae" title="Cervinae">Cervinae</a> : <ul><li>Tribu <a href="/wiki/Cervini" title="Cervini">Cervini</a> <ul><li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Axis_(cerf)" title="Axis (cerf)">Axis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Axis_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis axis">Axis axis</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Cerf_axis" title="Cerf axis">cerf axis</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cerf_cochon" title="Cerf cochon">Axis porcinus</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Cerf_cochon" title="Cerf cochon">cerf cochon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Axis_kuhlii" title="Axis kuhlii">Axis kuhlii</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Axis_kuhlii" title="Axis kuhlii">le cerf de Bawean</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Axis_calamianensis" title="Axis calamianensis">Axis calamianensis</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Axis_calamianensis" title="Axis calamianensis">le cerf Calamian</a></li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Cervus" title="Cervus">Cervus</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cervus_canadensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervus canadensis">Cervus canadensis</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Wapiti" title="Wapiti">wapiti</a>. (Autrefois <i>Cervus elaphus wapiti</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cervus_duvaucelii" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervus duvaucelii">Cervus (Rucervus) duvaucelii</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Barasinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Barasinga">barasinga</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cervus_eldii" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervus eldii">Cervus (Rucervus) eldi</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Cerf_d%27Eld" title="Cerf d'Eld">cerf d'Eld</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cervus_schomburgki" title="Cervus schomburgki">Cervus (Rucervus) schomburgki</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Cerf_de_Schomburgk" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerf de Schomburgk">cerf de Schomburgk</a>, disparu dans les années trente.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cervus_elaphus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervus elaphus">Cervus elaphus</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Cerf_%C3%A9laphe" title="Cerf élaphe">cerf élaphe</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cervus_mariannus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervus mariannus">Cervus mariannus</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Cerf_des_Philippines" title="Cerf des Philippines">cerf des Philippines</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cervus_nippon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervus nippon">Cervus nippon</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Cerf_Sika" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerf Sika">cerf sika</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Dama_(cervid%C3%A9)" title="Dama (cervidé)">Dama (cervidé)</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dama_dama" class="mw-redirect" title="Dama dama">Dama dama</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Daim" title="Daim">daim</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dama_mesopotamica" class="mw-redirect" title="Dama mesopotamica">Dama mesopotamica</a></i>, le <a href="/wiki/Daim_persan" class="mw-redirect" title="Daim persan">daim persan</a>. Parfois considéré comme une sous espèce du précédente : <i>Dama dama mésopotamica</i>.</li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Elaphurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaphurus">Elaphurus</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaphurus_davidianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaphurus davidianus">Elaphurus davidianus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>genre †<i><a href="/wiki/Megaloceros" title="Megaloceros">Megaloceros</a></i> (éteint) : <ul><li>†<i>M. algarensis</i></li> <li>†<i>M. algericus</i></li> <li>†<i>M. antecedens</i></li> <li>†<i>M. dawkinsi</i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Megaloceros_cazioti" title="Megaloceros cazioti">M. cazioti</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Megaloceros_giganteus" title="Megaloceros giganteus">M. giganteus</a></i></li> <li>†<i>M. luochuanensis</i></li> <li>†<i>M. obscurus</i></li> <li>†<i>M. pachyosteus</i></li> <li>†<i>M. savini</i></li> <li>†<i>M. vertcornis</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribu <a href="/wiki/Muntiacini" title="Muntiacini">Muntiacini</a> <ul><li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Muntiacus" title="Muntiacus">Muntiacus</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Muntiacus_atherodes" title="Muntiacus atherodes">Muntiacus atherodes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muntiacus_crinifrons" title="Muntiacus crinifrons">Muntiacus crinifrons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muntiacus_feae" title="Muntiacus feae">Muntiacus feae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muntiacus_gongshanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muntiacus gongshanensis (page inexistante)">Muntiacus gongshanensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cerf_aboyeur" title="Cerf aboyeur">Muntiacus muntjak</a></i>, ou <i><a href="/wiki/Cerf_aboyeur" title="Cerf aboyeur">cerf aboyeur</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muntiacus_putaoensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Muntiacus putaoensis">Muntiacus putaoensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muntiacus_reevesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muntiacus reevesi">Muntiacus reevesi, muntjac de reeve ou de chine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muntiacus_truongsonensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Muntiacus truongsonensis">Muntiacus truongsonensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muntiacus_vuquangensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muntiacus vuquangensis (page inexistante)">Muntiacus vuquangensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>genre <i><a href="/wiki/Elaphodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaphodus">Elaphodus</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaphodus_cephalophus" title="Elaphodus cephalophus">Elaphodus cephalophus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogénie_externe"><span id="Phylog.C3.A9nie_externe"></span>Phylogénie externe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Phylogénie externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Phylogénie externe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phylogénie des familles des Cétartiodactyles actuels (<small>Cétacés non développés</small>)<sup id="cite_ref-Price2005_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Price2005-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-spaulding2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spaulding2009-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hassanin2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassanin2012-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; font-size:95%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Cetartiodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetartiodactyla">Cetartiodactyla</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/wiki/Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Camelidae" title="Camelidae">Camelidae</a> (Chameaux, lamas…) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/wiki/Artiofabula" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiofabula">Artiofabula</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Suidae" title="Suidae">Suidae</a> (Porcins) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tayassuidae" title="Tayassuidae">Tayassuidae</a> (Pécaris) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> Cetruminantia  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Cetancodonta" title="Cetancodonta">Cetancodonta</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a> (Baleines, dauphins ...) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a> (Hippopotames) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/wiki/Ruminantia" title="Ruminantia">Ruminantia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tragulidae" title="Tragulidae">Tragulidae</a> (Chevrotains) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/wiki/Pecora" title="Pecora">Pecora</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Antilocapridae" title="Antilocapridae">Antilocapridae</a> (Antilocapres) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Giraffidae" title="Giraffidae">Giraffidae</a> (Girafes, okapi...) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cervidae</a> (Cerfs, rennes...) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/wiki/Bovoidea" title="Bovoidea">Bovoidea</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (Bovins, Caprins et antilopes) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Moschidae" title="Moschidae">Moschidae</a> (Cerfs porte-musc) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogénie_interne"><span id="Phylog.C3.A9nie_interne"></span>Phylogénie interne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Phylogénie interne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Phylogénie interne"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Systématique interne des cervidés selon Heckeberg 2020 (ADNmt et ADN nucléaire combinés)<sup id="cite_ref-Heckeberg_2020_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heckeberg_2020-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; font-size:75%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><b>Cervidae</b>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Cervinae" title="Cervinae">Cervinae</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/wiki/Cervini" title="Cervini">Cervini</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Axis_(cerf)" title="Axis (cerf)">Axis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Rucervus" title="Rucervus">Rucervus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Cervus" title="Cervus">Cervus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Elaphurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaphurus">Elaphurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panolia (page inexistante)">Panolia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Dama_(cervid%C3%A9)" title="Dama (cervidé)">Dama</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Megaloceros" title="Megaloceros">Megaloceros</a></i> (†) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/wiki/Muntiacini" title="Muntiacini">Muntiacini</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Muntiacus" title="Muntiacus">Muntiacus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Elaphodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaphodus">Elaphodus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Capreolinae" title="Capreolinae">Capreolinae</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odocoileini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odocoileini (page inexistante)">Odocoileini</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blastocerina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blastocerina (page inexistante)">Blastocerina</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Ozotoceros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozotoceros">Ozotoceros</a></i> (y compris <i>„Hippocamelus“ antisensis</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Hippocamelus" title="Hippocamelus">Hippocamelus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i>Mazama</i> (<i>M. gouazoubira</i>, <i>M. chunyi</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Blastocerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Blastocerus">Blastocerus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i>„Mazama“ nemorivaga</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Pudu" title="Pudu">Pudu</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odocoileina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odocoileina (page inexistante)">Odocoileina</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Mazama" title="Mazama">Mazama</a></i> (<i>M. americana</i>, <i>M. jucunda</i>, <i>M. nana</i>, <i>M. temana</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Odocoileus" title="Odocoileus">Odocoileus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i>Mazama pandora</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i>Mazama</i> (<i>M. americana</i>, <i>M. rufina</i>, <i>M. bricenii</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i>„Pudu“ mephistophiles</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangiferini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangiferini (page inexistante)">Rangiferini</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Rangifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangifer">Rangifer</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alceini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alceini (page inexistante)">Alceini</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Alces" title="Alces">Alces</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capreolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capreolini (page inexistante)">Capreolini</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus">Capreolus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p> <i><a href="/wiki/Hydropotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydropotes">Hydropotes</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Un cladogramme purement mitochondrial montre les différences suivantes : </p> <ul><li>la position de l'orignal est basale dans les capreolinae,</li> <li>la position du pudu du nord (<i>Pudu mephistophiles</i>) est basale dans les blastocerina.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maladie">Maladie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Maladie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Maladie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maladie_d%C3%A9bilitante_chronique" title="Maladie débilitante chronique">Maladie débilitante chronique</a> (ou encéphalopathie des cervidés).</li> <li>Certains cervidés (en zone tempérée de l'hémisphère nord) semblent être des espèces réservoir importantes de la <a href="/wiki/Maladie_de_Lyme" title="Maladie de Lyme">maladie de Lyme</a>, en lien avec les tiques (<a href="/wiki/Vecteur_(biologie)" title="Vecteur (biologie)">espèces-vectrices</a>) qui les infestent (surtout pour les tiques adultes, les nymphes préférant faire leur repas de chair sur des animaux plus petits, tels que la <a href="/wiki/Souris_%C3%A0_pattes_blanches" title="Souris à pattes blanches">souris à pattes blanches</a> en Amérique du Nord)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Le_cerf_et_les_humains">Le cerf et les humains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Le cerf et les humains" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Le cerf et les humains"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article connexe : <a href="/wiki/Chasse_au_cerf" title="Chasse au cerf">Chasse au cerf</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iconographie">Iconographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Iconographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Iconographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article connexe : <a href="/wiki/Cerf_%C3%A9laphe#Symbolique" title="Cerf élaphe">Cerf élaphe#Symbolique</a>.</div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Lucas_Cranach_d._%C3%84._035.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lucas_Cranach_d._%C3%84._035.jpg/220px-Lucas_Cranach_d._%C3%84._035.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lucas_Cranach_d._%C3%84._035.jpg/330px-Lucas_Cranach_d._%C3%84._035.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lucas_Cranach_d._%C3%84._035.jpg/440px-Lucas_Cranach_d._%C3%84._035.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1422" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Cranach_l%27Ancien" title="Lucas Cranach l'Ancien">Lucas Cranach l'Ancien</a>, Paradis, <a href="/wiki/Vienne_(Autriche)" title="Vienne (Autriche)">Vienne</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Les cervidés figurent parmi les animaux les plus représentés du bestiaire pariétal <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A9olithique" title="Paléolithique">paléolithique</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Dans l'iconographie antique, la biche figure aux côtés d'<a href="/wiki/Art%C3%A9mis" title="Artémis">Artémis</a> ou de <a href="/wiki/Diane_(mythologie)" title="Diane (mythologie)">Diane</a> chasseresse, le cerf, dans les scènes de chasse et les représentations d'<a href="/wiki/Act%C3%A9on" title="Actéon">Actéon</a>. La peau des Cervidés, appelée <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9bride" title="Nébride">nébride</a>, est un attribut du culte de <a href="/wiki/Dionysos" title="Dionysos">Dionysos</a>.</li> <li>Dans l'iconographie chrétienne, le cerf est un symbole du Christ<sup id="cite_ref-DSP_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSP-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> de <a href="/wiki/Julien_l%27Hospitalier" title="Julien l'Hospitalier">Julien l'Hospitalier</a><sup id="cite_ref-DSP_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSP-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Un <a href="/wiki/Cerf_crucif%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerf crucifère">cerf crucifère</a> accompagne les représentations de <a href="/wiki/Hubert_de_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Hubert de Liège">saint Hubert</a>, patron des chasseurs<sup id="cite_ref-DSP_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSP-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ou de <a href="/wiki/Eustache_de_Rome" title="Eustache de Rome">saint Eustache</a>. Le cerf est présent dans certaines représentations du paradis terrestre, et celles de l'entrée des animaux dans l'<a href="/wiki/Arche_de_No%C3%A9" title="Arche de Noé">arche de Noé</a>.</li> <li>Dans l'art profane, le cerf figure dans les scènes de chasse. Avec le loup et le chien, il représente la mélancolie dans les représentations des tempéraments ou des humeurs<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divers">Divers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Divers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Divers"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malgré l’orthographe du mot en français, le terme « <a href="/wiki/Cerf-volant" title="Cerf-volant">cerf-volant</a> » n’a probablement pas de lien avec le « cerf », mais signifierait « serpent volant » (ancien français <i>serp-volante</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerie">Galerie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Galerie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Galerie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:center;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:J%C3%A1vorszarvas.jpg" 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title="Elaphurus davidianus"><img alt="Elaphurus davidianus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Deer_-_Woburn_Deer_Park_August_2009_%283790335150%29.jpg/270px-Deer_-_Woburn_Deer_Park_August_2009_%283790335150%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Deer_-_Woburn_Deer_Park_August_2009_%283790335150%29.jpg/405px-Deer_-_Woburn_Deer_Park_August_2009_%283790335150%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Deer_-_Woburn_Deer_Park_August_2009_%283790335150%29.jpg/540px-Deer_-_Woburn_Deer_Park_August_2009_%283790335150%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Elaphurus_davidianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaphurus davidianus">Elaphurus davidianus</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Barking_deer_in_BR_hills.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Muntiacus muntjak"><img alt="Muntiacus muntjak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Barking_deer_in_BR_hills.jpg/270px-Barking_deer_in_BR_hills.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Barking_deer_in_BR_hills.jpg/405px-Barking_deer_in_BR_hills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Barking_deer_in_BR_hills.jpg/540px-Barking_deer_in_BR_hills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Muntiacus_muntjak" class="mw-redirect" title="Muntiacus muntjak">Muntiacus muntjak</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Barasingha_Male_deer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cervus duvaucelii"><img alt="Cervus duvaucelii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Barasingha_Male_deer.jpg/240px-Barasingha_Male_deer.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Barasingha_Male_deer.jpg/360px-Barasingha_Male_deer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Barasingha_Male_deer.jpg/480px-Barasingha_Male_deer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Cervus_duvaucelii" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervus duvaucelii">Cervus duvaucelii</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Visayan_Spotted_Deer_(Rusa_alfredi).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rusa alfredi"><img alt="Rusa alfredi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Visayan_Spotted_Deer_%28Rusa_alfredi%29.jpg/198px-Visayan_Spotted_Deer_%28Rusa_alfredi%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Visayan_Spotted_Deer_%28Rusa_alfredi%29.jpg/297px-Visayan_Spotted_Deer_%28Rusa_alfredi%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Visayan_Spotted_Deer_%28Rusa_alfredi%29.jpg/395px-Visayan_Spotted_Deer_%28Rusa_alfredi%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2506" data-file-height="2282" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Rusa_alfredi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusa alfredi">Rusa alfredi</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Hydropote_chinois.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hydropotes inermis"><img alt="Hydropotes inermis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hydropote_chinois.jpg/226px-Hydropote_chinois.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hydropote_chinois.jpg/340px-Hydropote_chinois.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Hydropote_chinois.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Hydropotes_inermis" title="Hydropotes inermis">Hydropotes inermis</a></i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solitaireardennais.be/forum/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=2329">Photos de mues de chevreuil</a> sur <i>Le Solitaire Ardennais</i>, forum de la chasse en Wallonie.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Price2005-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Price2005_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span id="Q28266750" class="ouvrage"><span class=""><span class="ouvrage" id="PriceP_Bininda-EmondsGittleman2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Samantha_A_PriceOlaf_R_P_Bininda-EmondsJohn_L_Gittleman2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Samantha A Price, Olaf R P Bininda-Emonds et John L Gittleman, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">A complete phylogeny of the whales, dolphins and even-toed hoofed mammals (Cetartiodactyla)</span></cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Biological Reviews</span></i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">Wiley</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 80, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005-08" data-sort-value="2005-08">août 2005</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">445-73</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1464-7931">1464-7931</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16094808">16094808</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1464793105006743">10.1017/S1464793105006743</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Samantha_Price6/publication/7665216_A_complete_phylogeny_of_the_whales_dolphins_and_even-toed_mammals_(Cetartiodactyla)/links/0deec521e33865a8e0000000.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès libre au document"><img alt="Accès libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+complete+phylogeny+of+the+whales%2C+dolphins+and+even-toed+hoofed+mammals+%28Cetartiodactyla%29&rft.jtitle=Biological+Reviews&rft.issue=3&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Samantha+A&rft.au=Olaf+R+P+Bininda-Emonds&rft.au=John+L+Gittleman&rft.date=2005-08&rft.volume=80&rft.pages=445-73&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1464793105006743&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16094808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACervidae"></span></span></span>.<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28266750?uselang=fr" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spaulding2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-spaulding2009_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span id="Q21090048" class="ouvrage"><span class=""><span class="ouvrage" id="SpauldingO'LearyGatesy2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michelle_SpauldingMaureen_A_O'LearyJohn_Gatesy2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michelle Spaulding, Maureen A O'Leary et John Gatesy, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution</span></cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/PLOS_One" title="PLOS One">PLOS One</a></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Library_of_Science" title="Public Library of Science"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">PLoS</span></a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 4, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 9,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-09-23" data-sort-value="2009-09-23">23 septembre 2009</time>, e7062 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/fr/title/228234657">228234657</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19774069">19774069</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMCID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2740860">2740860</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0007062">10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0007062</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Relationships+of+Cetacea+%28Artiodactyla%29+among+mammals%3A+increased+taxon+sampling+alters+interpretations+of+key+fossils+and+character+evolution&rft.jtitle=PLOS+One&rft.issue=9&rft.aulast=Spaulding&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.au=Maureen+A+O%27Leary&rft.au=John+Gatesy&rft.date=2009-09-23&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=e7062&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2FJOURNAL.PONE.0007062&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19774069&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F228234657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACervidae"></span></span></span>.<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21090048?uselang=fr" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassanin2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Hassanin2012_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span id="Q29307430" class="ouvrage"><span class=""><span class="ouvrage" id="HassaninDelsucRopiquetHammer2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alexandre_HassaninFrédéric_DelsucAnne_RopiquetCatrin_Hammer2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : français et anglais">(fr + en)</abbr> Alexandre Hassanin, Frédéric Delsuc, Anne Ropiquet, Catrin Hammer, <a href="/wiki/Bettine_van_Vuuren" title="Bettine van Vuuren">Bettine Jansen van Vuuren</a>, Conrad Matthee, Manuel Ruiz-Garcia, François Catzeflis, Veronika Areskoug, Trung Thanh Nguyen et Arnaud Couloux, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="fr"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Pattern and timing of diversification of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria), as revealed by a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes</span></cite> », <i><a href="/wiki/Comptes_Rendus_Biologies" title="Comptes Rendus Biologies">Comptes Rendus. Biologies</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_(France)" title="Académie des sciences (France)">Académie des sciences</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 335, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-01" data-sort-value="2012-01">janvier 2012</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">32-50</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1768-3238">1768-3238</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/fr/title/49200702">49200702</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22226162">22226162</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.CRVI.2011.11.002">10.1016/J.CRVI.2011.11.002</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pattern+and+timing+of+diversification+of+Cetartiodactyla+%28Mammalia%2C+Laurasiatheria%29%2C+as+revealed+by+a+comprehensive+analysis+of+mitochondrial+genomes&rft.jtitle=Comptes+Rendus.+Biologies&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Hassanin&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft.au=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+Delsuc&rft.au=Anne+Ropiquet&rft.au=Catrin+Hammer&rft.au=Bettine+Jansen+van+Vuuren&rft.au=Conrad+Matthee&rft.au=Manuel+Ruiz-Garcia&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Catzeflis&rft.au=Veronika+Areskoug&rft.au=Trung+Thanh+Nguyen&rft.au=Arnaud+Couloux&rft.date=2012-01&rft.volume=335&rft.pages=32-50&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FJ.CRVI.2011.11.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22226162&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49200702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACervidae"></span></span></span>.<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29307430?uselang=fr" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heckeberg_2020-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Heckeberg_2020_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Nicola S. Heckeberg: <i>The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach.</i> In: <i>PeerJ.</i> Band 8, 2020, S. e8114, <a href="//doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8114" class="extiw" title="doi:10.7717/peerj.8114">doi:10.7717/peerj.8114</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="RandLubelczykHolmanLacombe2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Peter_W._RandCharles_LubelczykMary_S_HolmanEleanor_H_Lacombe2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Peter W. Rand, Charles Lubelczyk, Mary S Holman, Eleanor H Lacombe et Robert P Smith Jr, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) after the complete removal of deer from an isolated offshore island, endemic for Lyme disease</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Journal of Medical Entomolohy</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 41, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 4,‎ <time>2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">779–784</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Abundance-of-Ixodes-scapularis-(Acari%3A-Ixodidae)-of-Rand-Lubelczyk/a27b95d18eda90770b7ab899f7e7c898828fd3c4">résumé</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Abundance+of+Ixodes+scapularis+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+after+the+complete+removal+of+deer+from+an+isolated+offshore+island%2C+endemic+for+Lyme+disease&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Entomolohy&rft.issue=4&rft.aulast=Rand&rft.aufirst=Peter+W.&rft.au=Charles+Lubelczyk&rft.au=Mary+S+Holman&rft.au=Eleanor+H+Lacombe&rft.au=Robert+P+Smith+Jr&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=779%E2%80%93784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACervidae"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="GilbertMarm_KilpatrickMangelWilmers2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="L._GilbertA._Marm_KilpatrickMarc_MangelChristopher_C_Wilmers2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> L. Gilbert, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Marc Mangel et Christopher C Wilmers, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The effect of deer management on the abundance of Ixodes ricinus in Scotland</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Ecol. Appl.</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 22,‎ <time>2012</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">658–667</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+deer+management+on+the+abundance+of+Ixodes+ricinus+in+Scotland&rft.jtitle=Ecol.+Appl.&rft.issue=22&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=A.+Marm+Kilpatrick&rft.au=Marc+Mangel&rft.au=Christopher+C+Wilmers&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=658%E2%80%93667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACervidae"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Levi2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Taal_Levi2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Taal Levi, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Deer, predators, and the emergence of Lyme disease</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. (PNAS)</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 109,‎ <time>2012</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">10942–10947</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227343689_Deer_Predators_and_the_Emergence_of_Lyme_Disease">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-12-16" data-sort-value="2020-12-16">16 décembre 2020</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Deer%2C+predators%2C+and+the+emergence+of+Lyme+disease&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+U.S.A.+%28PNAS%29&rft.issue=109&rft.aulast=Levi&rft.aufirst=Taal&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=10942%E2%80%9310947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACervidae"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Voir l'article « <a href="/wiki/Grotte_de_Lascaux" title="Grotte de Lascaux">Grotte de Lascaux</a> ».</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DSP-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DSP_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DSP_10-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-DSP_10-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Duchet-SuchauxPastoureau1990"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gaston_Duchet-SuchauxMichel_Pastoureau1990">Gaston Duchet-Suchaux et <a href="/wiki/Michel_Pastoureau" title="Michel Pastoureau">Michel Pastoureau</a>, <cite class="italique">La Bible et les saints, guide iconographique</cite> (dictionnaire), Flammarion, <time>1990</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1944), 319 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://recherche-archives.vendee.fr/ark:/22574/vta2019a561eb74965b">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Bible+et+les+saints%2C+guide+iconographique&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.aulast=Duchet-Suchaux&rft.aufirst=Gaston&rft.au=Michel+Pastoureau&rft.date=1990&rft.tpages=319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACervidae"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Chardon2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="François-René_Chardon2005">François-René Chardon, « <cite style="font-style:normal"><i>La Mélancolie: génie et folie en occident</i>. Tableaux d'une humeur</cite> » (article annonçant l'exposition au Grand Palais, 13 oct. 2005 - 7 mai 2006), <i>Hypnose & thérapies brèves</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005-10" data-sort-value="2005-10">octobre 2005</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">78-79</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revue-hypnose-therapies-breves.com/m%C3%A9lancolie1.1.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-12-16" data-sort-value="2020-12-16">16 décembre 2020</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27%27La+M%C3%A9lancolie%3A+g%C3%A9nie+et+folie+en+occident%27%27.+Tableaux+d%27une+humeur&rft.jtitle=Hypnose+%26+th%C3%A9rapies+br%C3%A8ves&rft.aulast=Chardon&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9&rft.date=2005-10&rft.pages=78-79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACervidae"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Voir l’entrée « <a href="/wiki/Cerf-volant#.C3.89tymologie" title="Cerf-volant">Cerf-volant</a> ».</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Gustave_Courbet_034.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gustave_Courbet_034.jpg/220px-Gustave_Courbet_034.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gustave_Courbet_034.jpg/330px-Gustave_Courbet_034.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gustave_Courbet_034.jpg/440px-Gustave_Courbet_034.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="2103" /></a><figcaption><i>Cervidés peints par <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>.</i></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cervidae?uselang=fr">Cervidae</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wikispecies"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cervidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cervidae">Cervidae</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikispecies</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23390?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119580553">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119580553">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85022182">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4159953-6">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284956805171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph121339">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives au vivant<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23390?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cervidae/"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Animal Diversity Web</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Cervidae"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Australian Faunal Directory</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dyntaxa.se/taxon/info/2002172"><span class="lang-sv" lang="sv"><i>Dyntaxa</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1CERVF"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>EPPO Global Database</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:12647"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">EU-nomen</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/11775a0c-f5d4-4992-ad19-8f6342a3b8ca"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Fauna Europaea</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42652"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Paleobiology Database</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/fr/species/5298"><span class="lang-fr" lang="fr"><i>Global Biodiversity Information Facility</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/42158"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>iNaturalist</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=115925"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14200205"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mammal Species of the World</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000376180"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>NBN Atlas</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nederlandsesoorten.nl/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=139084"><span class="lang-nl" lang="nl"><i>Nederlands Soortenregister</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzor.org.nz/names/e453e55e-9524-44ed-8988-416d0ff88311"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>New Zealand Organisms Register</i></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180693">Système d'information taxonomique intégré</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=993628"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>World Register of Marine Species</i></span></a></li> </ul></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_connexe">Article connexe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Article connexe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Article connexe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dieu_cornu" title="Dieu cornu">Dieu cornu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références_taxonomiques"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences_taxonomiques"></span>Références taxonomiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Références taxonomiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références taxonomiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Tolweb"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Life_Web_Project" title="Tree of Life Web Project">Tree of Life Web Project</a></span></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Cervidae"><i>Cervidae</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Faunaeur"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/11775a0c-f5d4-4992-ad19-8f6342a3b8ca"><i>Cervidae</i></a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-03-15" data-sort-value="2023-03-15">15 mars 2023</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="TPDB"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42652">Cervidae</a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="ITIS"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : français et anglais">(fr + en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27information_taxonomique_int%C3%A9gr%C3%A9" title="Système d'information taxonomique intégré">ITIS</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180693">Cervidae</a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="ADW"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">Animal Diversity Web</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cervidae/">Cervidae</a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="NCBI"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9850">Cervidae</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=9850">taxons inclus</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="CITES_famille"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : français et anglais">(fr + en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Convention_sur_le_commerce_international_des_esp%C3%A8ces_de_faune_et_de_flore_sauvages_menac%C3%A9es_d%27extinction" title="Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction">CITES</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep-wcmc-apps.org/isdb/CITES/Taxonomy/tax-family-result.cfm?displaylanguage=fra&source=animals&Family=163"><small>famille</small> Cervidae</a> <small>(sur le site de l’<a href="/wiki/Programme_des_Nations_unies_pour_l%27environnement" title="Programme des Nations unies pour l'environnement">UNEP</a>-<a href="/wiki/Centre_de_surveillance_de_la_conservation_de_la_nature" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre de surveillance de la conservation de la nature">WCMC</a>)</small></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Pike-Tay1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anne_Pike-Tay1991">Anne Pike-Tay, « <cite style="font-style:normal">L'analyse du cément dentaire chez les cerfs : l'application en préhistoire</cite> », <i>Paléo</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3,‎ <time>1991</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">149-166</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/pal_1145-3370_1991_num_3_1_1045">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L%27analyse+du+c%C3%A9ment+dentaire+chez+les+cerfs+%3A+l%27application+en+pr%C3%A9histoire&rft.jtitle=Pal%C3%A9o&rft.issue=3&rft.aulast=Pike-Tay&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.date=1991&rft.pages=149-166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACervidae"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Heckeberg2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicola_S._Heckeberg2020"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nicola S. Heckeberg, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The systematics of the Cervidae: A total evidence approach</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Peer Journal</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéros">n<sup>os</sup></abbr> 1–3,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-02" data-sort-value="2020-02">février 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339335605_The_systematics_of_the_Cervidae_A_total_evidence_approach">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+systematics+of+the+Cervidae%3A+A+total+evidence+approach&rft.jtitle=Peer+Journal&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.aulast=Heckeberg&rft.aufirst=Nicola+S.&rft.date=2020-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACervidae"></span></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infovisual.info/02/074_fr.html">Schéma détaillé du bois de cerf</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cerfs.free.fr/choixidentite.php3">Un site consacré aux Cervidés</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : français et anglais">(fr + en)</abbr></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Mammif%C3%A8res" title="Portail des mammifères"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Goat_icon_yellow.svg/24px-Goat_icon_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Goat_icon_yellow.svg/36px-Goat_icon_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Goat_icon_yellow.svg/48px-Goat_icon_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Mammif%C3%A8res" title="Portail:Mammifères">Portail des mammifères</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&oldid=219596180">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cervidae&oldid=219596180</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cervidae" title="Catégorie:Cervidae">Cervidae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Famille_d%27artiodactyles_(nom_scientifique)" title="Catégorie:Famille d'artiodactyles (nom scientifique)">Famille d'artiodactyles (nom scientifique)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Taxobox_utilisant_une_classification_non_pr%C3%A9cis%C3%A9e" 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